考研大作文范文
推荐第1篇：考研大作文孝顺
FILIAL PIETY
There is ,as we can see in the impreive and satirical cartoon, an ugly ,fierce and cruel football game about supporting aged parents among four children.The oldest son is kicking the “ball” acted by aged father away, with others standing in front of soccer goal, as if he has foggotten that it was his father who supported him and financed him when he was child.Designed simply as his drawing is,the implication it conveys proves to be extraordinary profound and far-reaching.
As a old saying goes:\"Nothing is better than filial piety\" .All the time, there are many stories in China which is talking about it .For instantce, Winter is a cold season especially to ill person.A boy \'s mother, sick in bed , wanted to eat fish.So the boy determined to go to river to catch the them.Unfortunetely, due to the low tempreture,the river was frosen .without better ideas, which could melt the ice through his body tempreture.As for now, with the prosperous of the socity economic, an increase number of people only look on benefit ,which contribute to the ignorance of family and families.
Therefore, it is emergent for us to take drastic measure.For one thing, we should appeal to our authorities to make strict law to publish those who doesn\'t support parents.For another, we should enhance the awarene of people that we only have a couple f parent and should cherish them .Only in this way can we set up a harmony society .Also ,I
believe that the humand can overcome this difficulty,and we will have a brighter future.
推荐第2篇：考研英语大作文写作技巧
考研写作的大作文要求用160-200词写出一篇高质量的议论文，其形式有图示、漫画、情景等专门类型。近几年来则集中体现为灵活多变、隐含寓意的图示、漫画作文和具有学术分析特点的图表作文。这要求考生要精确设置构架，内容、例子紧扣主题，并且严谨地遣词造句。
一、漫画分析评论型
1.列出重要漫画细节词
以2005年考题为例，图中是穿着时尚的三个儿子与一个女儿蛮横地各自守在一个“球门”前，而老父亲可怜地蜷坐在球场中心。审题时果断列出可能用到的词汇如：helple father，footall field，kick out，fashionable clothes，huddle up into a ball等。没有这些词汇的罗列，第一自然段的描述过程将耗费很多时间。
2.把握漫画象征意义
漫画作文关键在于透过表面看实质，精确地点出其象征寓意，构思联想不到位会导致跑题或无话可说的尴尬局面。如2005年考题这个例子，要毫不犹豫地把漫画和所定主题挂钩联想，并要以小见大把握象征意义。漫画中三个儿子与一个女儿将老父亲当作足球踢来踢去，这深刻反映了一些儿女不赡养老人这一违背中华传统美德的陋习依然存在这样一个现实。
3.把握背景原因和提出建议
联想的过程要深入，作者写作时很容易想到尊老爱幼是我们中华民族的传统美德（Chinese virtue），我们应该遵循这一传统；同时可联想到我们的生命与成长源于父母，我们应该尊敬他们。
文章的收尾部分不妨提出两点建议：为了使年轻一代承担起孝敬老人的责任，一方面，我们必须唤醒年轻一代尊老的美德；另一方面，我们必须有完善的法律来维护老年人的权益。
二、图表描述分析型
1.典型数据 对位描述
面对图表应当首先结合主题，观察图表数据变化，如果表格、柱形和曲线都比较复杂，则需先确定如最高点、最低点以及骤升骤降的时间变化范围等典型数据，在表格和坐标图中精确地纵横对立进行描述，想象如何使用 increase dramatically，go up steadily，decline sharply，remain on the decline，demonstrate a dramatic change这样的图表术语描述数据变化。
2.把握变化 原因阐释
想象这种变化和主题的必然联系，拓展思维确定出原因
一、
二、三来。如沙尘暴次数猛增反映出中国西部土壤沙漠化、森林砍伐现象严重和城市房地产开发毁坏绿地植被的多元因素等。
3.提出建议 预测趋势
针对第二段分析的原因提出合理建议，基本思路可遵循以下两点：政府完善法律法规推进现有局面；个人树立某种意识主动参与解决问题。最后展望一下人类解决问题后的美好明天。
推荐第3篇：考研英语大作文专用
2013考研英语大作文专用模板
说明：考研作文主要有三类，分别是积极类、消极类、中性类。作文布局安排一般采用三段式，即描述图片+图片评论+如何去做。
第一段①Nowadays,(主题词)dose exert such a profound effect on our life that it revolutionizes the way of people\'s living and thinking.②As it subtly revealed in the portrayal,there is (图画内容).③Atfirst seeing,the drawing seems very funny,but given the secondthought,it is so thought—provoking.
第二段①The thought—provoking drawing mirrors a common phenomenon in contemporary society that there is the positive /negative influence of (主题词).②First and foremost,(理由一).③What\'s more,(理由二).④Last but not least,(理由三).⑤That is to say,(主题词)is very important to our life.
(一) 万能积极理由
①***can broaden our horizon,enlarge our scope of konwledge and enrich our spiritual civilization.②***provides us with convenience.
③***meet such kind of need in physical and psychological aspect.
④Of all the ingredients of succe,***seems to be the first within our control.
⑤***win the appreciation of the public.
⑥***is a kind of lubricant(催化剂)for interpersonal relationships.
⑦***stimulate one\'s interest and tap one\'s potential.
⑧***is an eential element of succe.
(二) 举例子
①Bill Gates,for instance,who is the CEO of Microsoft,won the champion of Forbes\' world\'s richest people in 2009.It is (主题词)that makes his company succeful.②LiuXiang,for instance, who is a famous athlete,won the champion of the 110—meter—hurdle race of the Athens Olympic Games.It is (主题词) that makes him succeful.③Teresa Teng, for instance, who is a famous singer,won the appreciation of the public.It is (主题词)that makes her succeful.
第三段（有三种结尾）
(积极)It is high time thatwe highlighted thesignificanceof
(主题词)and cultivatedthe citizens\' awarene that(主题词) is eential to us.I cherish a belief that (主题词)themselves are good and we can benefit a lot from (主题词)as long as we can take a good control over them.
Only in this way can we...
(中性) It is high time that we took effective measures to curb this trend.As far as the government is concerned, it shouldset down corresponding legislations and regulations.As for us, we should arouse the awarene of public towards (主题词).
I cherish a belief that(主题词)themselves are not good or bad and we can benefit a lot from (主题词) as long as we can take a good control over them.
(消极) It is high time that we took effective measures to curb this trend.As far as the government is concerned, it should set down corresponding legislations and regulations.As for us,we should arouse the awarene of public towards (主题词).
1.图画作文
It seems to me that the cartoonist is sending a meage about _______(图画主题)， which is ______________(进一步的说明)。 He seems to be saying that_______________(给出细节)。 In my opinion， ___________(个人阐述)。
This simple picture is a wake up call for ______(所涉群体，如the whole of the human race)。 Therefore， it is imperative for us to take drastic measures to put an end to _____________(问题所在)。 One the one hand， we must _________________(建议一)。 It is clear that the drawer of the illustration is urging us to _________(进一步说明)。 On the other hand， ________________(建议二) Only in this way can we___________(展望前景)。
2.图表作文
The chart gives us an overall picture of the ____________(图表主题)。 The first thing we notice is that_______________(图表最大特点)。 This means that as __________， _________________(进一步说明)。
We can see from the statistics given that _______________(图表细节一)。 After ving_________(细节一中的第一个变化)， the _____Ved+幅度+时间(紧跟着的变化)。 The figures also tells us that_________________________(图表细节二)。 (数据位置，如In the second column)， we can see that ____________accounts for _______(进一步描述)。
Judging from these figures， we can draw the conclusion that___________(结论)。 The reason for this， as far as I am concerned is that_____________(给出原因)。 / It is high time that we Ved(发出倡议)
3.利弊型作文
Recently the iue of whether or not______(讨论话题) has been in the limelight and has aroused wide concern in the public.There are two major arguments that can be made for_________.For one thing， __________can bring ____ to_____________(优点一)。 For another， it is widely hold that people usually ____when ________________________________(优点二)。
But we must not lose sight of the fact that there are also drawbacks to__________， among which are ____________(列举缺点)。 For instance， it can be __________to _____________(举例说明)。 In addition， many people find it ________(形容词)to _______________(第二个缺点)When asked to __________， I tend to ____________.This is because I _______________(原因一)。 Furthermore， _______________________(原因二)。 Finally， ______________(原因三)。
4.展望未来型
The effects ___________ has produced on____________ can be boiled down to two major ones.
First ， __________________(影响一)。 More importantly， ________________(影响二)。 Hence， I believe that we will see a ____________(提出展望)/ Neverthele， I do not think we will see a ______(或反面展望)
There are numerous reasons why ____， and I would like to explore a few of the most important ones here.The first is that the more(比较级)_____， the more (比较级)。 In addition， we all aGREe that________________________
推荐第4篇：考研大作文 1992年 代沟
Section VI Writing （1992）
DIRECTIONS:
[A] Title: FOR A BETTER UNDERSTANDING BETWEEN PARENT AND CHILD
[B] Time limit: 40 minutes
[C] Word limit: 120-150 words (not including the given opening sentence)
[D] Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with the given
opening sentence.
[E] Your composition must be written clearly in the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)
OUTLINE:
1.Present situation: Lack of communication between parent and child
2.Poible reasons: 1) Different likes and dislikes2) Misunderstanding3) Others
3.Suggestions: 1) For parents 2) For children
第一段：三句话，总分结构。每句话都要点题
1） 代沟+普遍存在+时间universal
2） 从儿女的角度：“不那么渴望交流” 小作文：long for
3） 从父母的角度：“找不到有效表达爱的方式” 01’大作文 the。。。way to show love
第二段：三句话，总分结构，复现提纲
1） “这种现象有许多成因。”摘要大纲样题
2） “首先，父母往往是保守的，是满足于他们的现状的，”04’大作文+“而儿女却总是想去经历新鲜事物，并且接受新时尚、新思维方式的速度很快”。03’完型
3） “因为父母对于社会危险有更好的理解，想充分庇护子女”题目中、03’+ “所以他们有时批评子女的行为，不愿意让他们拥有自己的行为方式。”同时，子女认为自己的父母是过时的，对于现代世界无知。
第三段：
为消除这样的误解，
1）我认为父母应该意识到他们的子女不需要如此之多的持续的保护。
2）同同时，子女应该承认他们的父母有经验，经验是一笔财富。
只有这样，父母才能帮助子女站起来，成为独立的年轻人，而子女也才能感激父母的建议和帮助。
Nowadays there is often a lack of understanding between parent and child.As children get older, they do not long for communication with their parents so much as before.As to parents, they find it increasingly hard to find an effective way to show their love to their children.A so-called “generation gap” is then called into existence.
The main causes of such misunderstanding include the following aspects.First of all, parents tend to be conservative and satisfied with what they have while children are comparatively much more curious and are keen to experience something new, thus tending to be quick to adopt new fashions and ways of thought.Parents, because they have a better understanding of the dangers in society, criticize their youngsters’ behavior and are reluctant to let them have their own way of life.At the same time, children regard their parents as old-fashioned and ignorant of the modern world.
To dispel such a kind of “generation gap”, I reckon that parents would better realize that children do not need constant protection from parents; meanwhile, children should recognize that their parents’ social experience is pricele treasure.Only in this way can parents help children to stand on their own feet and grow up into independent young people in the future; and only in this way can children appreciate parents’ aistance and adopt their advice.
推荐第5篇：考研英语大作文万能
2.From the simple but compelling illustration above we can see that two people are putting many things into the (___) and a lot of things are in the (___).The cartoon does mirror a prevalent phenomenon in contemporary society.That is many people are not conscious of protecting marine environment.
Actually ,this phenomenon has attracted extensive attention of our society and become （__） unsatisfactory.Therefore，we can’t ignore some problems it brings about.To begin with ,if we can’t deal with this iue of marine environment ,it will be （harm） to our social development and harmony.What’s more ,it （would） bring about some other problems.（Supposing） we turn a blind eye to this matter ,our community will go from bad to worse and the nightmare will come.
Judging from what have been mentioned about, it is imperative for us to carry out effective measures.First of all ,we should appeal our authorities to work out explicit laws to cope with the iue of marine environment .Additionally, a (___) educational campaign is supposed (to enforce) to enhance citizen’s awarene about protecting marine environment.However, practice is the most eential element.We ought to pay attention to it from ourselves and as a model for others to follow.
推荐第6篇：考研英语大作文预测
http://kaoyan.wendu.com/
2018考研英语大作文预测
中华传统美德
Directions：
Write an eay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures.In your eay , you should
1) describe the pictures briefly,
2) interpret the meaning , and
3) give your comments.
You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET II.
范文：
The simple but educational photovividly depicts that an elderly mother received a telephone call, which succefully attracts our attention.After a closer watch, we can find that the so-called “celebrating Mother’s Day” is something so formal because her
http://kaoyan.wendu.com/
children tell her to prepare the dinner for them.Obviously, what the drawing has subtly conveyed should be given more concern.
Filial piety has always been the traditional virtue of Chinese culture for thousands of years.Respectingour parents is the first priority.However, ridiculous as it is, the phenomenon in the picture is not infrequent in today’s society.For one thing, enormous economic development brings not only wealth, but also public’s obseion for material poeions.They only care about individual gain and lo, which undermine the once sacred bond between parents and children.For another, people seem to be fond of boasting of how they abide by traditions through holding grand meals for their parents.As a matter of fact, some even compete about the extravagance of the event.I argue that those who behave as the picture mi the eence and profound values of our traditions.Filial piety should not be expreed by means of superficial “performance”, but by ways of children’s genuine care and love for their parents.Thinking about how parents took care of us when we were babies in cradles, we should realize that they all need due attention when aging.Piety is the foundation of all virtues.
中外文化交流
Directions:
Write an eay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures.In your eay, you should
1) describe the picture briefly,
2) interpret its meaning, and
3) give your comments.
You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET II.
范文：
As is vividly depicted in the simple but educational photo, two foreigners humbly ask if they can be the students of the Confucius, which succefully captures our eyes.If we give it a closer watch, it is not difficult to find that they are very interested in traditional Chinese culture.Obviously, what the drawing has subtly conveyed should be given more enlightening.
http://kaoyan.wendu.com/
The reason why increasingly more foreigners begin to learn Chinese culture is varied.To begin with, the long history and effulgent culture of the Chinese nation contribute to the improvement of human beings, which account to the current enthusiasm of Chinese in the world.What is more, due to the practice of reforming and opening-up policy,our national strengthhas improved the comprehensive national power.So more and more countries, international organizations and people become interested in Chinese culture and come into contact with China.Then studying Chinese is the only road for them to understand China better.According to the above analysis, it is my view that national culture is a pricele spiritual treasure that should be preserved and cherished.Only in this way can we promote cultural development positively and make our society colorful and vigorous.
坚定信念(Ⅰ)
Directions:
Write an eay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures.
In your eay, you should
1) describe the picture briefly,
2) interpret its meaning, and
http://kaoyan.wendu.com/
3) give your comments.
You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET.
范文：
As is vividly depicted in the simple but educational photo, the elderly man in the picture makes every effort to remove the mountain with an unbreakable faith that only by continuous endeavor can people achieve what they want, which succefully captures our eyes.And the other man with two extremely heavy burdens of ideals on his shoulders aists the elderly to remove the mountains.Obviously, what the drawing has subtly conveyed should be given more enlightening.
Theoretically, several reasons may cause the phenomenon conveyed in the picture, but for my part, the following two are of utmost importance.On the top of the list is that both of them adhere to their primal ideals and beliefs, that is, people should never forget why they started, and their miion can be accomplished.This founding aspiration is what inspires them to advance.In addition, there is the other point that no one can ignore.It is universally admitted that people with great determination and courage will succeed eventually, especially when they encounter difficulties.According to the above analysis, it is advisable for us to take steps to reverse this evil trend.Of all the steps, ma media tend to function eentially in the job.Only in this way can we resolve this problem and embrace a bright future.
坚定信念(Ⅱ)
Directions:
Write an eay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures.In your eay, you should
1) describe the picture briefly,
2) interpret its meaning, and
3) give your comments.
http://kaoyan.wendu.com/
You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET.
范文：
Here are two pictures, interesting and provoking.In the first picture, the man, at the very beginning, makes every effort to dig diamonds with an unbreakable faith that only by continuous endeavor can people achieve what they want.By contrast, the second picture describes that, one year later, he doesn’t persist in his initial unswerving faith, and abandons his original ideas completely.Obviously, what the drawing has subtly conveyed should be given more concern.
Theoretically, several reasons may trigger the problem conveyed in the picture, but for my part, the following two are of utmost importance.On the top of the list is that he does not adhere to his primal ideals and beliefs, that is, people should never forget why they started, and their miion can be accomplished.This founding aspiration is what inspires them to advance.In addition, there is the other point that no one can ignore.It is universally admitted that the last leg of a journey marks the halfway point and our initial motivation will inspire us to finish the last leg.
According to the above analysis, it is advisable for us to take steps to reverse this evil trend.Of all the steps, ma media tend to function eentially in the job.Only in this way can we resolve this problem and embrace a bright future.
推荐第7篇：考研英语大作文修改
考研英语大作文修改范例
原文：
From this picture, we can see a farmer planting the corn, he works hard and then he could drink a drop of water.
Life is also like this.Our life is just like drinking a cup of tea, you feel the bitterne, and then sweet after taste could be get after bitterne.Life is not always so smooth, you might come acro frustration and sadne, failure and even disaster, but you must be brave and stick on your dream.If you worked hard on your dream and tried your best to make it come true, you must get the sweet after bitterne.
Therefore, once you have a dream or when you do something, please don’t give up, stick it on and you would be succeful after that.
修改以后的文章：
As is vividly depicted in the picture, we can see a farmer planting the corn.He should work hard so that he could drink a drop of water.
Life has something common with this phenomenon.Our life is just like drinking a cup of tea, you may feel the bitterne at the first sip, and then the sweetne.We should believe sweetne can be got after bitterne.Life is not always smooth; therefore, you may come acro frustration and sadne, failure and even disaster.If you can hold out, stick to your dream and continue to strive for it, you will definitely get a bright future and an upgraded life.
In addition, once you have a dream or feel like doing something important to you, please don’t give up when there are some difficulties or obstacles on your way to succe.As the old saying goes, “No pains, no gains.” If you try to avoid the arduous course of realizing your ideal and make hardly any efforts, you will never enjoy the feeling of being succeful.
推荐第8篇：考研英语作文大总结大预测
2011考研英语作文模板：情感类 2011考研英语作文模板大全：论证观点之情感类
这种类型的文章主要分析论证一些具体的观点。一般情况下三段的分布为：
第一段描述图画内容，第二段提出观点、进行理论分析和事例分析，第三段总结观点、表明态度。
情感类模板1：
As is shown in the picture .Obviously from we can surmise that .It goes without saying that the primary purpose of the picture lies in eulogizing the practice of.As a matter of fact, it is not rare to find in our everyday life deeds of similar nature.For instance,.Additionally, we can also hear many stories about.Not to mention those moving cases of.
All in all, I firmly believe that a harmonious society is based on a.By, people not only harvest, but also gainthat can never be purchased via money.
情感类模板2：
, just as is depicted in the picture.It is not difficult to find that in today’s society, more and more people begin to.It is rather good news to.
The picture reminds us that in China, due to,.Moreover, there are.In addition, we should not forget.
is a good way to expre human love.To some extent, it also reflects individuals’ sense of social responsibility.It is also a feeling from deep heart that is beyond words and is difficult to obtain no matter how rich one is.Therefore, I strongly advocate that.I am sure our society will hence be more beautiful because of.
2011考研英语作文模板大全：人生价值类
2011考研英语作文模板大全：论证观点之人生价值类
这种类型的文章主要分析论证一些具体的观点。一般情况下三段的分布为：
第一段描述图画内容，第二段提出观点、进行理论分析和事例分析，第三段总结观点、表明态度。
人生价值类模板1：
As the old Chinese saying goes,.It echoes with this picture in which.The title of the picture further points out that.The picture is meant to.As far as I am concerned, I think.This universal truth can be particularly proved in the field of, where.
A brief survey of history aboutalso demonstrates the fundamental importance of., for example,.The same principle applies to common people as well, and I am sure everybody can benefit from.
人生价值类模板2：
From the picture we can perceive that.What astonishes the drawing and the readers is that.It is known to all that, but it seems.
The artist utilizes this artistic presentation to imply a spreading vogue that.Ultimately, the trend boils down to.Accordingly,.To worsen the problem, this behavior is evoking.
In my point of view, we are in a prime time to curb the problem from deteriorating.First and foremost, the whole society should arrive at the consensus
that.Besides, an awarene ofshould be infused into everybody’s mind.
2011考研英语作文模板大全：文化交流类
2011考研英语作文模板大全：阐述现象之文化交流类
这种类型的文章主要描述一些现象并具体分析解释现象的原因等。一般情况下三段的分布为：第一段描述图画内容，第二段分析该现象的原因、意义等，第三段总结观点、或提出建议。
文化交流类模板1：
It is a very eye-catching photo in which.What makes this picture extraordinary is, which clearly indicates.
The sense ofthat permeates this picture is representative of, that is,, and therefore,.China, in particular,.The effect of such communication can be best exemplified by.
While people belong to nations, cultures know no boundary.is not only featured by, but more importantly, by.I firmly believe thatis contributing, and will contribute more to the world’s peace, development, and prosperity.
文化交流类模板2：
What is presented here is a very interesting scenario..From the subtitle we can infer that.Conspicuously,.
We can deduce from the picture that.It partly owes to, and partly to.Except the case reflected in the picture, there are numerous evidence demonstrating.For example,.
From a personal point of view, I am delighted to witne.To sum up,.As for China,.Therefore, I can firmly conclude that in the long run, cultural exchanges will contribute to a flourishing Chinese and global economy, as well as diversified cultures.
推荐第9篇：考研英语大作文三段式写作方法
http://www.daodoc.com/kaoyan/
英语写作准备的时候大家都会想到模板，不过，模板虽好，却只能给大家提供一些参考，要想在考试中有所发挥，还是要在此基础上整理出属于自己的更具个性化的模板。
下面给出的文章段落，就是俗称的“万金油”，考生可以用自己文章的主语来替换所给句子本来的主语，不过，在实际操作中一定要灵活运用。从框架结构上来说，考研大作文基本上可以分为三段：
一、第一段
先描述所给图画的象征意义，然后直接点明你的中心思想。
1、我们可以利用以下来表达自己的中心思想：
同意： I agree that it would serve the interests of (给谁带来好处)all nations to establish a global university for the purpose of (为了)solving the world\'s most persistent social problems(顽固社会题).Neverthele, such a university poses certain risks which(有什么风险) all participating nations must be careful to minimize(降到最小化)--or risk defeating the university\'s purpose.(不能实现目标)
反对：I disagree insofar as the point that( )(我不同意~)，which may set into motion of a series of negative consequences.(会带来一系列负面影响)
二、第二段
分点阐释你的中心思想，并且要举例证明，在举例过程中，我们可以应用正反例证：
http://www.daodoc.com/kaoyan/
1、Two examples that aptly illustrate this point(两个例子可以恰当的解释这个点) involve the fields of ( )。
2、A telling example of (鲜明的例子)( )
3、正 ： One compelling argument in favor of a global university has to do with the fact that its faculty and students would bring diverse cultural and educational perspectives to the problems they seek to(努力做什么)solve.
4、反例： It might be tempting to(貌似吸引人的是)think ( ).However, in my view(在我看来) any such concerns are unwarranted(这种担心是毫无根据的), especially considering the growing awarene of(对什么越来越了解)( )。
三、第三段
提出相应的建议或措施，并且在文章最后再次强调你的中心思想。
在文章最后再次强调自己的观点：Neverthele ,the opposition voice may persist objecting the decision arguing that( ) However， in my view such concerns are groundle ，especially when considering the fact that ( )
附：环境类作文范文
Directions
Write an eay of 160-200 words based on the following picture.In you writing, you should
1、describe the picture briefly,
http://www.daodoc.com/kaoyan/
2、interpret its intended meaning, and
3、give your comments.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points)
范文
Here is a picture, interesting but with profound implication.As is vividly depicted in the photo, there is severe air pollution, which succefully captures our eyes.After a close watch, it is not difficult to find that human are working together to fight it.Apparently, what the drawing has subtly conveyed is supposed to be given further analysis.
A conclusion could be drawn from the picture: we human should work together to solve the pollution iue.And my words are based upon the following two reasons.On the top of the list is that air pollution has become common in our country and individuals have no enough strength to cope with it.In addition, there is the other point that no one can ignore.It is universally admitted that pollution is the result of neglect of the general public and government, and it has resulted in severe lo in economy.
According to the analysis above, it is advisable for us to take steps to cultivate this life attitude.Of all the steps, ma media may play a major role in solving this problem.
http://www.daodoc.com/kaoyan/ 距离2018考研初试不足80天，同学们想要了解更多考研资讯、考研复习资料与备考经验，可以搜索文都网校进入考研频道，查看2018考研辅导课程，咨询专业老师考研相关内容。
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推荐第10篇：考研英语作文预测大总结
2010年考研英语大作文预测汇总
世界经济一体化？
谁在主导世界经济
谁来拯救地球？
如何看待全球化的利与弊？
注：作文描述见下一页 Globalization and Internet
The drawing vividly unfolds ............(Describe the picture描述图画)
This phenomenon which this picture points out is one of numerous international phenomena to have become common and already attracted broad attention in the world in recent years.Globalization/Internet, in brief, makes the whole world a small village.Globalization/Internet offers extensive opportunities for every country in the world to develop their economy, improve their regime, enrich their culture, update their technology and so forth, but globalization/Internet is a two-edged sword: it can bring both benefit and harm.(Present state/situation现象描述+ /Meaning含义)
中文：这幅图画指出的这个现象是近几年在世界上众多已经变得普遍并且已经引起了广泛关注的国际/世界现象之一。全球化/Internet，简言之，就是使整个世界变成一个小村子。全球化/Internet给予了这个世界上的每一个国家广泛的机会去发展它们的经济、改善它们的政体、丰富它们的文化、更新它们的技术等等，但全球化/Internet是一把两刃剑：既有利的一面，也有害的一面。
We must first understand the nature of the problem.On the one hand, globalization/Internet offers extensive opportunities for every country in the world.On the other hand, One of the most controversial aspects of globalization/Internet is the global spread and dominance of American culture.
中文：我们必须先要理解这个问题的本质。一方面，全球化/Internet为这个世界上的每一个国家提供了广阔的机会。另一方面，全球化/Internet最具有争议的其中一个方面是认为全球化就是美国文化的全球扩张和一统天下。
I have some suggestions about dealing with this problem.First and foremost, Globalization/Internet can bring benefit.In the past twenty years, in the proce of globalization and explosive development of the Internet, China has brought about rapid economic growth, sustained social progre and continuous betterment of people\'s living standard, so we should accept.Secondly, it can also bring harm.China has been experiencing the collapse of own traditional virtue in the proce.
In summary, I am deeply convinced that she, a nation which has civilization for 5,000 years, never loses any good things, physical, intellectual, or moral, till she finds a better substitute, and then the lo is a gain.(Suggestion+conclusion建议+结束语)
中文：关于处理这个问题，我有一些建议。首要地，全球化/Internet能带来利益。在过去二十年，在全球化和Internet爆炸性的发展的过程中，中国已经产生了快速的经济增长、持续的社会进步和人们生活水平的不断改善，因此我们是应该接受的。其次，它也能带来伤害，在全球化和Internet爆炸性的发展的过程中，中国一直在经历着自己传统美德的瓦解。
总之，我深信她，一个拥有5000年文明的民族，决不会丢掉任何好的东西，物质的、精神的或道德的，直到她找到一个更好的替代，那么到那时侯这种丢失就是一种获得。
气候变暖(climate change):Recent decades we have witneed an obvious rise in the global average temperature, which receives serious concerns acro the world.Climate was a global iue and urged all countries to work together to addre the iue.We should pursue economic growth, social development and environmental protection in a coordinated and balanced way, and develop models of production and consumption compatible with sustainable development.The relevant international community should increase financial input and information sharing and step up cooperation in research, development and innovation of technology.Adaptation to climate change is of the greatest concerns to developing countries.Developing countries should take some policy measures to mitigate greenhouse gas emiions.As a developing country, China will shoulder its due international responsibilities and obligations.The Chinese government should give prominence to building a resource-conserving, environment-friendly society in its strategy of industrialization and modernization.Wen also called on other countries to join hands in dealing with climate change and promoting harmonious, clean and sustainable development in the world
Hackers\' criminal activities are an international problem and China\'s network and information system have often been attacked by hackers from other countries.欢迎进入：2010考研课程免费试听
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注：作文描述见下一页
精神空虚(the void spirit/ A lot of people who commit suicide are result from their void spirit.there is a spiritual void in China.Establish and implement the scientific view of development and push forward the coordinated development between
socialist material civilization, political civilization and spiritual civilization.)
传统美德(traditional virtue/ For decades, we have made more criticism than inheritance of our own traditional culture and more negative than confirmative.We should certainly learn from the West, but it is of equal importance that we retain virtues of our own.The Confucian Tradition(The Three Eential Confucian Values: I.Filial Piety II.Humanene III.Respect for Ritual)
铺张浪费(extravagance and waste/勤俭节约industry and economy/ The Chinese government, therefore, is promoting the concept of a thrifty society and frugal economy as a matter of urgency.Chinese laws and regulations concerning energy conservation currently in operation leave a lot to be desired.)
传统伦理(The traditional ethical requirements /
The traditional ethical requirements same with the basic principles:
1.WHAT YOU DO NOT WISH DONE TO YOURSELF, DO NOT DO TO OTHERS.
1) In its negative form:
\"Do not impose on others what you yourself do not desire\".
\"Do not do to others what you do not want others to do to you.\"(己所不欲，勿施于人).
2) Although it is argued to be too much pushing one\'s own way to others, the positive form of the requirement is found in many claics:
\"Do to others what you wish others do to you\" (欲人施诸己，亦施于人).
\"A benevolent man helps others to take their stand in that he himself wishes to take his stand, and gets others there in that he himself wishes to get there\" (己欲立而立人，己欲达而达人).
2.EVERY HUMAN BEING SHOULD BE TREATED HUMANLY.
\"To do humanly is to be human\" (仁者人也)
\"\'Benevolence\' means loving your fellow men\" (仁者爱人)
Chinese tradition even advocates both the respect for human life and even the respect for all kinds of life, which seems to be very close to the idea of \"Green Peace\" and ecological criticism.These thoughts do not only seek for human peace but also for the harmony between human and nature and other creatures.And therefore, \"the virtue of respecting for life\" (生生之德) and \"friend others and affiliate with all creatures\"(民胞物与) is always taken as the great virtue in Confucian teachings and philosophy.There are many other traditional Chinese ideas related:
1.In regard with the human relationship, \"Harmony in diversity\" or \"harmony with diversity\" (和而不同) is typically emphasized in Confucianism.Compared with \"Baha\'i\", a new religious community who takes \"Unity with diversity\" as the main doctrine, the Confucian spirit of the harmonious co-existence of different cultures might be more relevant for the foundation of human existence and development.
2.Confucius believes \"honesty-sincerity is the Dao of Heaven\" (诚者，天之道也) which is out of the control of human beings, and \"to be honest and sincere is the Dao of human beings\" which is the only thing we could do (诚之者，人之道也).In this case, a gentleman (君子)should \"cultivate himself to be honest and sincere\" in accordance with the Dao of Heaven, which is something upper or a more or le religious standard of honesty and sincerity.This might be clearer in the interpretation of Dao.In Chinese, I think either道 (way) or 德 (virtue) means \"to walk your talk\" originally, because both走 and 彳are symbols of walking carefully with small steps.In this case, \"way\" is formed in the walking and in virtue of moral practice \"virtue\" appears.Just as David Tracy noticed, the famous saying of Socrates \"The unexamined life is not worth living\" is in sharp contrast with a saying in a Buddhist scripture, \"The un-lived life is not worth examining.\"
3.So Dao is not only metaphysical but also physical; \"honesty-sincerity\" is above us and what we could do is nothing but learning to be honest and sincere; Dao could be justified in faith, as well as in behavior.I am not sure if it is \"religion\", but it is of course something like \"Acts of Religion\" (in terms of Derrida) or \"Acts of Faith\" (in terms of Rodney Stark).You may know that the sacred \"Word\" or \"Wisdom\" in the Gospel of John and other biblical scriptures is translated into \"Dao\" in this sense.
4.For the same reason, traditional Chinese ethics ask for our \"Consideration for others\" (恕) and a spirit of tolerance: \"great virtues have a huge capacity to contain things\" (厚德载物), and \"to tolerate is a sign of greatne\" (有容乃大).
5.And probably related to the consideration for others, traditional Chinese ethics place a great emphasis on family, viewing family as the foundation of society.Among the \"five cardinal relationships\" (emperor and his officials, fathers and kids, husbands and their wives, brothers and sisters, and friends), three of them are concerned with family relationship.It is even believed that \"The relation between the officials and the emperor may find origin or archetype in the relation between husbands and wives, which even extends to the relation of heaven and the earth.\" (君子之道，造端乎夫妇。及其至也，察乎天地).
6.And so, in Chinese traditional philosophy, \"humanity is Benevolence\" (博爱之谓仁), \"filial piety\" is the origin of human morality and sentiment (立爱自亲始).And, it is encouraged that \"love your family so as to love others and all creatures\" (亲亲而仁民，仁民而爱物), \"cultivate moral character, and then you could cultivate your family, administrate the country, and bring peace all over the world\" (修身、齐家、治国、平天下).When it is promoted to the realm that \"honor the aged of other people as we honor our own, take care of the young of other people as we take care of our own\" (老吾老以及人之老，幼吾幼以及人之幼), we may naturally relate the traditional Chinese teachings with the famous prayer by St.Francis in the Medieval Europe: to be understood as to understand, to be loved as to love; it is in giving that we receive, it is in pardoning that we are pardoned, it is in dying that we are born to eternal life. Give your comments/Give your point of view(完全背诵)：
We must first understand the nature of the problem./in my view/in my opinion, On the one hand, It is true that many of China\'s current/present/existent/contemporary problems are the inevitable side effects of rapid economic development, which, of neceity, had to occur in an unbalanced way.On the other hand, without the economic development in/about the great number of developing countries or third world countries, like china, there will be no real development, prosperity and
Stability for the whole country.Notwithstanding/nonethele/neverthele/however/after all, in the long run,
Economic development had to come first, but now a more complex agenda of social and political requirements must be integrated and optimized with pure economic growth.So we must promote the coordinated development of material civilization, political civilization and spiritual civilization to build China into a socialist country that is prosperous, powerful, democratic and culturally advanced.(Comments评论)
中文：我们必须先要理解这个问题的本质。以我来看，一方面，目前中国存在的许多问题 都是由于别无选择的不平衡的经济快速发展造成的避免不了的负面影响。另一方面，对于大多数像中国这样的发展中国家或第三世界国家来讲，没有了经济的发展，将不存在整个国家的真正的发展、繁荣和稳定。不过，从长远来看，尽管，我们不得不先发展经济，但是如今过多的社会和政治需要必须同纯粹的经济增长结合起来使其最优化。因此，我们必须推动物质文明、政治文明和精神文明协调发展，把我国建设成为富强、民主、文明的社会主义国家。
I have some/several suggestions about this problem.First and foremost/firstly/primarily/mainly/largely /mostly, China should learn from many developed countries/some western countries to dispose of/deal with/handle/solve/settle/iron out this social problem, including other social problems moral and non-moral, by means of/by/ state legislation, social policy and other relative regulations, especially/particularly because/since China has joined/become a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001 and taken place/held the 29th Olympic Games in 2008 as well as.Secondly, our government should clearly/definitely stipulate/establish the responsibilities and obligations of the relative/specific departments for the fulfillment/performance/implementation/execution.Thirdly, in the long run/from a long-term point of view, we should set up/found/constitute/institute a special education system/organization to promote and strengthen/encourage citizens\' awarene of environmental protection, and hence improve their values/ideas/notions of consumption and morality.In addition, I recommend that children should start some education of Chinese traditional virtue as early as poible, such as thrift, honesty, affection, filial piety, courtesy, loyalty, humanene and so on.(Suggestion/建议)
中文：关于这个问题，我有一些建议。首要地，中国应该向众多发达国家学习，通过国家立法、社会政策和其他相关的规章制度来解决这个社会问题，也包括其他的道德的和非道德的社会问题，特别是因为中国已经在2001年加入了WTO，并且中国将在2008年举办第29界奥运会。其次，更重要的是我们的政府应该清晰地规定相关部门应履行的责任和义务。第
三，从长远来看，我们应该设立一个专门的机构去宣传和加强公民对环境保护的意识，从而改变他们的观念。另外，我建议应该尽早地开始对孩子们进行中国传统美德的教育，诸如节俭、诚实、亲情、孝顺、谦恭有礼、忠诚、仁爱等等。
In summary, to maintain a sustained, healthy, rapid and coordinated economic development, achieve socialist modernization and a society where man and nature live as friends, and build a harmonious and dynamic society with democracy, rule of law, justice, honesty and decency, stability and order, we will encounter no fewer difficulties and problems, but we are confident in our ability to overcome them and arrive at our set goal triumphantly.(Predicting预测+conclusion结束语)
中文：总的来讲，为了维持一个可持续的、健康的、快速的和协调的经济发展，为了达到社会主义现代化和人和自然像朋友一样共生的社会，并且为了建造一个和谐的、有活力的、民主的、法治的、公正的、诚实庄重的、稳固有序的社会，我们肯定会遇到很多困难和问题。但是，我相信我们有能力克服它们，最终会胜利地达到我们的目标。
In summary, China still has a long way to go in this problem and accordingly, great efforts are eential to make in order to solve it.But I am deeply convinced that she, a nation which has civilization for 5,000 years, never loses any good things, physical, intellectual, or moral, till she finds a better substitute, and then the lo is a gain.(Predicting预测+conclusion结束语)
总之，中国在这个问题上仍然有一段长路要走，因此为了解决它，我们必须要做出巨大的努力。但是，我深信她，一个拥有5000年文明的民族，决不会丢掉任何好的东西，物质的、精神的或道德的，直到她找到一个更好的替代，那么到那时侯这种丢失就是一种获得。
\"青少年与网络\"英语写作背诵文本
青少年沉迷于网络游戏的比例越来越大
谁来救救我的宝贝儿子？
注：作文描述见下一页
互联网(Internet Age/ Computers and the Internet have changed our life enormously.There is no doubt about that.There are many advantages of the Internet that show you the importance of this new medium.What I want to say is that the Internet changed our life in a positive way.
For many women, their own children are the main reason for staying at home.Now that they can do work on their computers at home, called teleworking, stay at home moms can still contribute to the finances of their families.
Also, men can take this opportunity to work at home.What are the consequences, the advantages of teleworking? Sure, if you have a family, you can spend more time at home, probably you can spend more time with your children.Next is, that you can organize every day in the way you want to.Meetings at the company are reduced to a minimum.Teleworking is also an advantage for the owner of the company.Official studies substantiate that people who work at home are more motivated than their colleagues at the office.
Especially in the busine sector, knowledge is power.If you are the leader of a product, of a technology or just of an idea, you are able to make a lot of money.
To get into this position, computers and Internet can play an eential part.Companies all over the world are online.If you want, it is no problem for you to exchange experiences...you will hear new things, you will see some facts from another point of view.For this reason you will find new solutions, new ways to go, so take this chance!
The Internet is becoming more and more important for nearly everybody as it is one of the newest and most forward-looking media and surely \"the\" medium of the future.
The first thing we have to do is make a differentiation concerning the usage of the terms computer and Internet.
You can use the Internet at home for personal use or you can use it at work for profeional usage.Let\'s talk about the first.Spending part of our day on the
Internet is for many people quite normal.They use this kind of medium to get information about all kinds topics.
Maybe some of them are interested in chatting, probably they are members of a community.Whatever you are looking for, you will find it.Even if you want to find very specific information, you will find it in a short time.Normally, you often have to send a letter, then you often have to wait for the reply, or you have to make some telephone calls and so on.
In any case, the traditional way is the longer one.To put your own information on the Internet is also poible.Create your own homepage, tell other users about your interests, what you want, that\'s no problem at all.
Most of us know software can cost a lot, if you buy it legally.Free software, free music is available on the Internet.You just have to download the program, the mp3-file or whatever and that\'s all there is to it.
Why would you want to pay more than you need to?
Special websites are created just to give you the newest programs, or to tell you where you can get it from.
So, as you can see computers and Internet go together and have opened our world in many ways.青少年(young teenagers/young adult/young children The arrival of the Internet has speeded up globalization.Currently in China, many Internet cafes, especially those without licenses, admit juveniles in violation of relevant regulations and spread unhealthy information online.They have brought great harm to the mental health of teenagers and interfered with the school teaching, which has aroused strong reaction from the public.China has the largest population of young netizens in the world, but they turn to the Internet mostly to play games.The top three activities are online entertainment (39.9 percent), sports (18.3 percent) and watching television (12.3 percent).While blogs, or personal Web logs, have drawn a lot of media attention as a major focus of Internet use, it is clear that young people in particular use the Web for entertainment.Seeking leisure and entertainment has been the primary reason that drives many netizens online, the majority of whom are youngsters.So the iue of China\'s youth resorting to the Internet for entertainment deserves some
attention from our society,\" The number of China\'s netizens reached 111 million in 2005, according to the 17th China Internet Development Statistics Report, released in January by the China Internet Network Information Center.And China\'s cyberspace is dominated by young people.Those between the age of 18 and 24 make up the largest proportion of Internet users, at 35.1 percent.Netizens under the age of 30 account for 71 percent of the total, the report shows.The survey shows that the top five Internet activities are reading news (65.9 percent), browsing Web pages (65.2 percent), playing online games (62.2 percent), downloading music (56.5 percent) and downloading entertainment content (53.5 percent).Internet addiction, mostly resulting from playing online games, is claimed to be the largest problem threatening the healthy growth and development of Chinese youth.Statistics from the 2005 China Youth Internet Addiction Research Report show that 13.2 percent of young Chinese netizens suffer from Internet addiction disorder, and another 13 percent have the tendency to become addicted to the Internet.He holds that online entertainment is nothing than Internet \"opium,\" and he calls on young people to abandon their computer screens and get out Internet cafes to seek real entertainment in the real world.)
中文：中国在世界上拥有最大数量的青年网民，但他们大多都是上网打游戏。
Since the mid-1990s, there have been about 250,000 suicides every year in China, with suicide ranking as the chief cause of death among people between the ages of 15 and 34.A recent report of the World Health Organization says that over 90 per cent of the suicides in foreign countries suffer from mental problems.But in China 37 per cent of the suicides choose killing themselves as a way to escape daily preure or disappointments.A recent case of suicide by a boy addicted to Internet games has increased the public\'s concern over the iue of Internet Addiction Disorder (IAD).Xiao Yi, a 13-year-old from Tianjin, committed suicide thinking that he would meet his friends from cyber space after he died.He jumped from the top of a 24-storey high-rise, Beijing Youth Daily reported yesterday.He left four notes before he committed suicide.In the letters Xiao, playing the role of a character from a computer game, said that he wanted to meet three friends who also played the game in paradise.He did not even mention his parents in the letters.In the hypothetical world created by such games, they become confident and gain satisfaction, which they cannot get in the real world, he said.Shen Qiyun, a profeor at Beijing Normal University, who has studied the influence on teenagers of such games since 2001, said that currently 80 percent of computer games are imported from abroad, half of which are related to a \"demon world,\" martial arts
and violence, which are not healthy influences on teenagers.The country has strengthened its supervision and management of computer games.Increasing stre, loneline and a lack of medical support for depreion are thought to have contributed to an annual suicide toll that is estimated at 250,000 people a year.According to the China Daily, an additional 2.5 million to 3.5 million make unsucceful attempts to kill themselves each year.
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饮可乐还是饮茶？
《红色娘子军》舞动巴黎
儒学在美国
文明冲突(civilization conflict/ Huntington defines eight major civilizations: (1) Westernwhich includes three subdivisions: Arab, Turkic and Malay; (4) Latin American; (5) Hindu; (6) Confucian; (7) Japanese; and (8) African.
Huntington says that \"The fault lines between civilizations will be the battle lines of the future.\" He continues, \"Over the centuries ...differences among civilizations have generated the most prolonged and the most violent conflict\" [2]because differences between civilizations \"...are far more fundamental than differences among political ideologies and political regimes ...\"[3] And the evidence for Huntington\'s aertion is easily discernible in what\'s going on in the former Yugoslavia.Indeed, it\'s only in \"civilization\" (or religious) terms that any sense can be made of the alliance structures that have grown up as a result of the conflict: Germany, France and Austria
(and, as a result, the E.C.) favor Slovenia and Croatia (which are Catholic and Western Christian); Ruia and the \"Eastern Slavs\" favor Serbia (which isOrthodox); and Turkey and Iran favor the Muslims of Bosnia (which are Islamic).Indeed, the Balkans have been a tinderbox of conflict for hundreds of years precisely because they lie at the convergence of three major civilizations (or religions) and the cultures which these religions undergird: Western Christianity (Slovenia, Croatia, etc.); Orthodox Christianity (Serbia, Bulgaria, Ruia, etc.); and Islam (Turkey, Albania, etc.).
I think, we\'re in a New Axial Age.The idea of Axial Age was proposed by German philosopher Karl Jaspers (1883-1969), defined as around 500 B.C.when great thinkers appeared almost simultaneous in Ancient Greece, Israel, India and China, contributing their original ideas to the problems concerning the existence of human being.Distinctive cultural traditions were then formed respectively by Socrates and Plato in Ancient Greece, Lai-zi and Confucius in China, Sakyamuni in India, and Jewish prophets in Israel, which, after more than two thousand years of progre, have become the principle part of human intellectual wealth.These local cultural traditions were independent in birth, without mutual influence.\"Until today mankind has lived by what happened during the Axial Period, by what was thought and created during that period.In each new upward flight it returns in recollection to this period and is fired anew by it.Even since then it has been the case that recollections and reawakenings of the potentialities of the Axial Periodafford a spiritual impetus.\" For example, the Europeans in Renaiance had recollected the origin of their culture, Ancient Greece, which had fired anew the European civilization and left its mark on global culture.Similarly, the Song and Ming Neo-Confucianism in China was stimulated by the impacts of Indian Buddhism; the Confucian thinkers, by \"recollecting\" Confucius and Mencius in pre-Qing Period, had promoted the ingenious Chinese philosophy to a new height.In a certain sense, the contemporary progre of global cultures might be a new leap on the basis of Axial Age.Has the contemporary human culture created, or will create, a New Axial Age then? -- Judged from certain evidences, it might be.If Chinese culture hopes to contribute to the \"coexistence of civilizations\" in contemporary human society, it must needs to know itself, which means a cultural self-consciousne.The so-called \"cultural self-consciousne\" is the serious self-reflection by certain people in certain cultural tradition on their own culture\'s origin, its history of formation, its characters (including both
advantages and disadvantages) and its tendency of progre.The renewal of Chinese nation is on the eve.To achieve this goal, we must have a self-knowledge about Chinese culture, posit it on a proper place, and search with enthusiasm the genuine spirit of this culture with a long history, in order to present its eence to modern human society.Besides, we must reflect the disadvantages of our culture as well, to better the absorptions of other cultures\' eences, and to re-interpret it in a modern way adapting to the general tendency of progre of modern society.Only after this retrospective reflection could our country march as vanguard in the progre of global culture, and create a brave new world together with other cultures.
Confucianism and Taoism were principle schools of thinking in traditional Chinese culture, usually regarded as mutual complementarythat is Ren.It is not easy to practice the doctrine of \"enlarging one\'s self-concern to the concern on others\", which requires a \"practice of Ren\" rooting in \"the Way of Loyalty and Forgivene\" (忠恕之道), i.e.\"never do to others as you do not wish done on yourself\"[21], \"wishing to be established himself, he seeks also to establish others; wishing to be enlarged himself, he seeks also to enlarge others\".[22] (\"Loyalty is complete devotion of oneself; Forgivene is the deduction of one\'s self-concern.\" 朱熹：《四书集注》).If Ren is to be enlarged to the whole society, it would be as what Confucius once said: \"To subdue one\'s self and return to propriety, is perfect virtue.If a junzi (君子: gentleman, nobleman) can for one day subdue himself and return to propriety, all under heaven will return to Ren (after his example).Is the practice of Ren from a man himself, or is it from others?\"[23] \"To subdue one\'s self\" and \"to return to propriety\" are usually interpreted as paralleling teachings, but I don\'t think this is the best explanation of this doctrine.\"To subdue one\'s self and return to propriety, is perfect virtue\" actually means only the \"returning to propriety\" based on \"subduing of one\'s self\" could be regarded as Ren.Mr.Fei Xiaotong had his own interpretation about this doctrine: \"Only after one has subdued one\'s self could one return to propriety.The return to propriety is prerequisite for one to enter the society and become a social man.Perhaps it is just on this point Western and Eastern civilizations have parted, that is, whether to expand or to subdue one\'s self.\"[24] I think Mr.Fei has made a proper remark.Zhu Xi also had an exegesis on this doctrine.\"To subdue means to conquer,\" he said, \"and the ‘self\' means one\'s personal desires.To return means to restore, and the ‘propriety\' means the laws and patterns of the Principle of Heaven.\" According to this exegesis, one should subdue one\'s personal desires to abide by proprieties and social criterions.Ren is one\'s natural virtues (\"Love is born in nature.\"[25]); and propriety is exterior conventions to rule one\'s behavior, the function of which is to adjust social relationships so that people could live in harmony, as: \"The most valuable function of propriety is harmony.\"[26] Only if one abides by proprieties and social criterions by free will, i.e.by an innate will to love people, could one fulfill the demands of Ren.Thus Confucius asked: \"Is the practice of Ren from a man himself, or is it
from others?\" He made definite prescriptions to the relationship between Ren and propriety: \"If a man be without Ren, what has he to do with the rites of propriety? If a man be without Ren, what has he to do with music?\"[27] He who sets the rites or music without a heart of Benevolence and Love is hypocrite, and is in a purpose of cheat.It is in this sense that Confucius thought, if people would pursue Ren by freewill and practice the demanding of a heart of Benevolence and Love according to proprieties in everyday life, harmony and peace would be realized in society, -- \"If a junzi can for one day subdue himself and return to propriety, all under heaven will return to Ren.\" I think this Confucian teaching is not totally meaningle for the political leaders of a state or the ruling claes in developed countries (United States in particular).\"The politics of Ren\" (仁政), or \"the Way of virtuous emperor\" (王道) instead of \"the Way of hegemon\" (霸道), is indispensable to \"order the state\" (治国) and to \"harmonize all under Heaven\" (平天下).If \"the politics of Ren\" or \"the Way of virtuous emperor\" is practiced, different cultures would be able to coexist and develop in peace; while \"the Way of hegemon\" will bring forth the \"clash of civilizations\", resulting in monoculturalism and cultural Hegemonism.If Confucian doctrine of Ren is applied in regulating intercultural relationships, clash or war of civilizations will be avoided, and the coexistence of civilizations achieved.
Of course, even the Confucian doctrine of Ren is no miracle drug to solve all the problems about the existence of civilizations in contemporary society.However, as a set of moral self-regulations based on Ren, it would undoubtedly be of some practical significance to harmonize the coexistence of civilizations if practiced as a principle to regulate intercultural relationships.
It is not easy to make different cultures get on in harmony and thus to make states and nations in different cultural traditions coexist in peace.Probably the Confucian doctrine of \"Harmony in Diversity\" (和而不同)[28] could provide us with an illuminating resource of thinking.According to Confucius, \"The virtuous (junzi) get on in harmony without agreeing to each other; the base (xiaoren) agree with others without harmony.\"[29] Junzi, as intellectuals with moral discipline practicing the Way of Loyalty and Forgivene, should try to get on in harmony in spite of their different opinions; but those with no morality or discipline always force others to accept their opinions, thus could not stay harmoniously.If this doctrine of \"Harmony in Diversity\" could be applied as a principle in dealing with intercultural relationships, it should be of very positive meaning to solve the conflicts among
states or nations.It would be especially true in dealing with those disaccords and conflicts provoked by cultural differences (e.g.the differences on religious believes or values) among states or nations, that if we practice the teaching of \"Harmony in Diversity\" as principle to solve these conflicts.\"Harmony\" and \"Samene\" are generally regarded as different concepts in traditional Chinese thinking.There was even \"a debate on the difference between Harmony and Samene\".As a story recorded in Zuo-zhuan told us, once the Duke of Qi asked Yan-zi: \"Is there only Ju get on with me in harmony?\" The reply of Yan-zi was: \"Ju merely exprees the same opinion with Your Highne, -- how could it be called harmony?\" \"Is there any difference between Harmony and Samene?\" asked the Duke.\"They are quite different.\" replied Yan-zi, \"Harmony is like well-cooked dish, you must concoct fish and meat with water, fire, vinegar, sauce, salt and plum, and then cook the dish with firewood.The cook harmonizes these flavors to make it moderate.If it is too light, then salt should be added; if too salty, then water.When Junzi dines with such a dish, his heart would be pacified.This is analogous to the relationship between the King and his magistrates...But Ju is different from it.When Your Highne say that something is right, he agrees; when Your Highne say the opposite, he agrees as well.It is as if to moderate water with water, -- who could tolerate to eat such a dish? Or as if a zither always plays the same tune, -- who could tolerate to enjoy such music? This is why Samene differs from Harmony.\" (《左传•昭公二十年》) Another saying of Shibo (史伯) was recorded as: \"In fact, only Harmony could activate the growth of lives, and Samene would stop it on the contrary.Harmony is to moderate something with heterogeneous things, -- only in this way, the lives would flourish and find their belongings.If something is supplemented by homogeneous things, it could only be abandoned after exhausted.Thus the ancient virtuous emperors had concocted Earth with Metal, Wood, Water and Fire[30], to transform it into miscellaneous lives.\" [31](《国语•郑语》).From the quotes above we see that Harmony and Samene are totally different concepts.Only under the presupposition of difference and correlation could things \"be moderated with heterogeneity\", and the diverse things progre together in harmony with each other.\"To supplement something with homogeneity\" is to aggregate the samene, which would only suffocate the lives.The supreme ideal of traditional Chinese culture is that \"miscellaneous lives are nourished together without harming each other; miscellaneous ways are practiced together without counteracting each other.\"[32] The \"miscellaneous lives\" and \"miscellaneous ways\" mean Diversity; the \"without harming each other\" and \"without counteracting each other\" mean Harmony.This
doctrine would provide us with inexhaustible resource of thinking for the coexistence of diverse cultures.
Now in Western countries, people of insight have already admitted the poibility of coexistence of civilizations, that the clash or war provoked by mere cultural differences should be avoided.They believe that different nations and states should be able to achieve common understanding through cultural exchanges, dialogues, and discuions.This would be a proce from \"Diversity\" to mutual understanding.This mutual understanding is neither to extinct nor to aimilate the other, but to find a croing point in the coordinate system and to propel the progre of both cultures, -- such is the function of \"Harmony\".It is just because of the differences of cultures that human civilization has become so colorful, and that the inter-supplementary and interactive structure has been formed gradually in the flowing river of human history.Cultural differences might lead to clashes or even wars, but not all differences are destined to cause clashes or wars.Especially in an era when sciences and technologies are rapidly developing, a maive war, if it happened, would destroy human being ourselves.Thus we must endeavor to pursue the harmonious coexistence through intercultural dialogues.Many scholars in China and abroad has realized now the importance of mutual understanding achieved by the dialogues bridging different cultures; for example, Habermas, who begins to emphasize the concepts of justice and solidarity.In my opinion, they are significant principles in dealing with international cultural relationships.Habermas\' \"Principle of Justice\" could be understood as a right for every national culture to protect its independence and autonomy and to develop by free will; his \"Principle of Solidarity\" could be understood as an obligation to sympathize, understand and respect other national cultures.By inceant dialogues and communications, there will be one day, sooner or later, that a positive cycle of interactions between different national cultures be formed.[33] Another example is Gadamer, the German philosopher who left us only recently.He proposed that \"understanding\" should be extended to \"universal dialogue\".Because of this extension, the relationship between subject and object (as cognitive or grammatical concepts) is able to be transformed from inequality to equality; in another word, only when the dialogists are in equal status could they have meaningful dialogues and fruitful results.Gadarmer\'s consciousne of equality between subject and object and his theory of \"cultural dialogue\" are important ideas earnestly needed by our time,[34] illuminating enough for us to understand properly and thoroughly the cultural or national relationships between China and other nations.However, no matter Habermas\'
principles of justice and solidarity or Gadamer\'s theory of universal dialogue, their common presupposition should be the principle of \"Diverse Harmony\", since, only when nations and states in different cultural traditions could coexist in harmony through dialogues, could they acquire equal rights and obligations and could the \"universal dialogue\" between them be meaningful and fruitful.Thus, the Confucian principle of \"Harmony in Diversity\" based on the belief that \"harmony is most valuable\"[35] could be practiced as one of the basic principles in dealing with intercultural relationships.This principle, if practiced in dealing with relationships between states and nations in different cultural traditions, would be of positive meaning not only in eliminating the disaccords, conflicts and even wars, but as dynamics in propelling states and nations to progre through communications.It is just in this sense that Bertrand Ruell said: \"Contacts between different civilizations have often in the past proved to be landmarks in human progre.\"[36] The contemporary human society needs different cultures to develop their proper traditional characters through mutual learning and convergence, in order to realize the coexistence of civilizations on a new basis.(2) The Taoist Doctrine of the Way (tao) could provide significant resources of thinking to prevent \"the clash of civilizations\".
If Confucius is a \"man of virtue\" (仁者), then Lao-zi is a \"man of wisdom\" (智者).The Way is the basic concept in Lao-zi\'s Tao Te Ching, while \"the spontaneity and doing-nothing\" (自然无为: to obey natural laws without offences) is the basic feature of the Way.\"The spontaneity and doing-nothing is the Way of Heaven,\" said Wang Chong in his Lun Heng.[37] All kinds of conflicts in contemporary human society are undoubtedly caused by the greedy desires for power and wealth.Those great powers, in their pursuit of selfish gains and expansions of power, exploit the resources of undeveloped countries and practice a politics of great powers, which is the fundamental cause of global chaos.Lao-zi\'s doctrine of \"spontaneity and doing-nothing\" could be interpreted as to do nothing against people\'s will, which will render the society and the world peace.Lao-zi once quoted the saying of an ancient sage: \"As I do nothing, the people will reform by themselves; since I like quiet, they will keep order by themselves; when I seek no trouble, the people will prosper by themselves; when I have no desire, they will live in austerity by themselves.\"[38] It means: the ruler with political powers should neither interfere his people (doing-nothing), nor disturb their everyday life (liking quiet), nor act against their will (seeking no trouble), nor exploit them insatiably (having no
desire); thus, the people will reform by themselves, keep order by themselves, prosper by themselves, and live in austerity by themselves.If we give a modern interpretation to this teaching and renew it in contemporary world, it would not only render peace to a country but function significantly in eliminating the clash of civilizations.It could be interpreted as: in international politics, the more a country interferes another, the more chaotic the world will be; the more those great powers threaten others with military might, the more turbulent and disorderly the world will be; the more those great powers exploit the undeveloped countries under the pretext of international aids, the poorer those undeveloped countries will be; the more those developed countries desire and fight for the world dominance of wealth and power, the more immoral and terrorized the world will be.So I think, maybe the doctrine of \"doing-nothing\" is a medicine prescription for the leaders of the so-called \"new empires\".If they would accept this prescription, the world will have peace.However, the \"new empires\" always treat other states and nations with means of \"doingne\" (有为), such as interference, exploitation or military threat, which is undoubtedly determined by its greedy desires in the nature of all empires.According to Lao-zi, \"No calamity\'s worse than to be discontented.Nor is there a sin more dreadful than coveting.He who knows to be contented, truly he\'ll always be so.\"[39] Aren\'t the \"new empires\" discontented and coveting? Lao-zi said again: \"Is not the Way of Heaven much like a bow bent? The upper part has been disturbed, preed down; the lower part is raised up from its place; the slack is taken up; the slender width is broader drawn.For thus the Way of Heaven cuts people down when they have had too much, and fills the bowls of those who are in want.But not the way of man will work like this: the people who have not enough are spoiled, for tribute to the rich and surfeited.\"[40] Why is human society in a state of turbulence and disorder now? Isn\'t it totally caused by human being themselves, especially those leaders of \"new empires\" acting against the Way of Heaven and losing the hearts of men, practicing a policy of spoiling those who have not enough for tribute to the rich and surfeited? Isn\'t it the root of disaccords, conflicts and wars in contemporary world? Thus we find that the \"clash of civilizations\" theory is closely related with the theory of \"new empire\" hiding in its back. Lao-zi strongly opposed wars for world peace.In Chapter 31, Tao Te Ching, he said: \"Weapons at best are tools of bad omen, loathed by all.Thus those of the Way avoid them.\"[41] In wars there are always people dying, production destroyed and social orders broken, thus Lao-zi thinks it\'s nothing good, that people hate it, and statesmen of the Way should not engage the country in war to solve their problems.
Again Lao-zi said: \"To those who would help the ruler of men by means of the Way: let him not with his militant might try to conquer the world; this tactic will be revenged by Heaven.For where armies have marched, there do briers spring up; where great hosts are impreed, years of hunger and evil ensue.\"[42] This is generally true in histories of all nations.In our country, after each ma war, the population would reduce dramatically, earth dierted, production destroyed, and robbers and thieves infesting.The two world wars were ended in this way, and so is the present warfare in Middle East.\"New empire\" whatsoever, if its leaders enkindled wars every where, as consequence, it would surely slide into hot water, since the people in the conquered countries would not surrender, and would fight without fearing even death, as Lao-zi said: \"The people do not fear at all to die; what\'s gained therefore by threatening them with death?\"[43] And: \"As for those who delight to do murder, it is certain they never can get from the world what they sought.\"[44] From history we see that those who had initiated the wars, though momentary succees they might get, would finally fail and be dishonored.Hitler was an example, and Japanese Militarism another.As a \"man of wisdom\", Lao-zi could observe the latent converse side with his wisdom, as he said: \"On bad fortune the good fortune always leans; in good fortune the bad fortune always hides.\"[45] Now people in some countries are suffering, but it would be a neceary precondition prepared for their nation\'s renewal in future.Take an example from the recent hundred years of history of our country, it is just after being beaten times and times again that our people had finally waken up, and that today we dare say the Chinese are on the eve of their nation\'s great renewal.In my opinion, leaders of every country, especially of the new empires, should learn some teaching from the wisdom of Tao Te Ching, and realize that, in a long run of world history, the politics of great powers and Hegemonism have no future.Thus, I think the thinking of Lao-zi is very valuable to dismi the theories of \"clash of civilizations\" and \"new empire\".We advocate the theory of \"coexistence of civilizations\" and agree with Lao-zi\'s thinking of \"doing-nothing\", in the expectation of a world of Great Equality, of peace, of general progre and of common wealth for human being.Of course, as the thinking of Lao-zi was born two thousand years ago, it could not solve all the problems that contemporary human society is confronted with (including the disaccords and conflicts among nations), but his wisdom should be of important value to illuminate our way.Our task is to rediscover and develop the eence of his thinking, to give it a modern interpretation, and to facilitate those researchers for edifications in the treasury of claical thinking.
Differences in religious believes, values and ways of thinking could lead to conflicts among nations and states; and conflicts could lead to wars.However, are conflicts inevitable? Couldn\'t they be pacified without warring for cultural differences? We must needs to find resources of thinking in all national cultures advocating the coexistence of civilizations, in order to counteract those cultural elements poible to invite conflicts.As argued above, the Confucianism and Taoism in Chinese culture could provide significant resources of thinking to counteract the clash of civilizations and to bring forth the coexistence of civilizations.I believe the same kind of resources could be found in cultures of all nations and states too.When human civilization is on threshold of the 21st century, should we practice a theory of \"clash of civilizations\" to deal with the problems among nations and states, or a theory of \"coexistence of civilizations\" to guide human society on a road leading to peaceful coexistence instead? This is a question.We must ponder at it seriously and make a thoughtful choice.It would be the bleing of human being if it chooses not the clash but the coexistence of civilizations.The Book of History told us: \"All the states under Heaven should be harmonized.\"[46] As many other nations, the Chinese is a great one with a long and brilliant tradition of history and culture, which is undoubtedly a most valuable treasure for mankind.We should make good use of this treasure, exert its proper contributions to the peaceful coexistence of human society, in order that harmony might befall on the world, pushing forward the global cultural exchanges.-- \"Clash\"or\"Coexistence\" of Civilizations? Tang Yijie From:(Beijing Forum) Translated by: YANG, Zhiyi
中文：照我看，也许我们正处在一个新的轴心时代。德国哲学家雅斯贝尔斯曾经提出\"轴心时代\"的观念。他认为，在公元前五百年前后，在古希腊、以色列、印度和中国几乎同时出现了伟大的思想家，他们都对人类关切的问题提出了独到看法。古希腊有苏格拉底、柏拉图，中国有老子、孔子，印度有释迦牟尼，以色列有犹太教的先知们，形成了不同的文化传统。这些文化传统经过两千多年的发展已经成为人类文化的主要精神财富，而且这些地域的不同文化，原来都是独立发展出来的，并没有互相影响。\"人类一直靠轴心时代所产生的思考和创造的一切而生存，每一次新的飞跃都回顾这一时期，并被它重新燃起火焰。自那以后，情况就是这样。轴心期潜力的苏醒和对轴心期潜力的回忆或曰复兴，总是提供了精神动力。\"例如，欧洲的文艺复兴就是把目光投向其文化的源头古希腊，使欧洲文明重新燃起火焰，而对世界产生重大影响。中国的宋明理学(新儒学)在受到印度佛教文化冲击后，再次回到先秦的孔孟，而把中国本土哲学提高到一个新水平。在某种意义上说，当今世界多种文化的发展很可能是对二千多年前的轴心时代又一次新的飞跃。
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中国文化能否为\"文明的共存\"作贡献
化解冲突，需要我们从各个不同民族的文化中找出文明共存的资源。中国文化中的儒道两家可以为化解\"文明的冲突\"、实现\"文明的共存\"提供有意义的资源。
中国文化要对当今人类社会的\"文明的共存\"作贡献，必须对自身文化有所了解，即对自身文化有一个\"自觉\"。
所谓\"文化自觉\"，是指一定文化传统的人群对其自身的文化来历、形成过程以及特点、发展趋势等能作出认真思考和反省。应该说，中华民族正处在民族复兴的前夜，因此我们必须对中国文化有个自觉的认识，必须给中国传统文化一个恰当的定位，认真发掘我们古老文化的真精神所在，以便把我们的优秀文化贡献给人类社会;认真反省我们自身文化的缺陷，以便我们更好地吸取其他国家和民族的文化精华，并在适应现化社会发展的总趋势下给中国文化以现代的诠释，这样，我们国家才能真正走在世界文化发展的前列，与其他各种文化一起共同创造美好新世界。
中国传统文化中主要是儒道两家，而且是儒道互补。当然，印度佛教传入后，对中国社会和文化也发生着重要影响。现在我想讨论一下儒道思想理论能否对\"文明的共存\"提供有意义的资源。
1、儒家的\"仁学\"为\"文明的共存\"提供了有积极意义的资源
《郭店竹简·性自命出》中说：\"道始于情\"。这里的\"道\"说的是\"人道\"，即人与人的关系的原则，或者说社会关系的原则，它和\"天道\"不同，\"天道\"是指自然界的运行规律或宇宙的运行法则。人与人的关系是从感情开始建立的，这正是孔子\"仁学\"的基本出发点。\"仁爱\"的精神是人自身所具有的，而爱自己的亲人最根本。但是\"仁\"的精神不止于此;爱自己的亲人，这只是爱，爱自己的父亲，再扩大到爱别人，这才叫作\"仁\"。对父母的孝顺要放大到爱天下的老百姓。\"仁学\"是要由\"亲亲\"扩大到\"仁民\"，也就是说要\"推己及人\"。做到\"推己及人\"并不容易，必须把\"己所不欲，勿施于人\"，\"己欲立而立人，己欲达而达人\"的\"忠恕之道\"作为\"为仁\"的准则。如果要把\"仁\"推广到整个社会，这就是孔子说的：\"克己复礼曰仁，一日克己复礼，天下归仁焉。\"自古以来把\"克己\"和\"复礼\"解释为两个平行的方面，我认为这不是对\"克己复礼\"好的解释。所谓\"克己复礼曰仁\"是说，只有在\"克己\"基础上的\"复礼\"才叫作\"仁\"。费孝通先生对此也有一解释：\"克己才能复礼，复礼是取得进入社会、成为一个社会人的必要条件。扬己和克己也许正是东西方文化的差别的一个关键。\"这是很有道理的。\"仁\"是人自身内在的品德，\"礼\"是规范人的行为的外在礼仪制度，调节人与人之间的关系使
之和谐相处。要人们遵守礼仪制度必须是自觉的，出乎内在的\"爱人\"之心，才符合\"仁\"的要求。所以孔子认为，有了追求\"仁\"的自觉要求，并把这种\"仁爱之心\"按照一定规范实现于日常社会之中，社会就会和谐安宁了。孔子和儒家的这套思想，对于一个国家的\"治国\"者，对于现在世界上那些发达国家的统治集团，不能说是没有意义的。如果把孔子的\"仁学\"理论用于处理不同文明之间的关系，那么在不同文明之间就不会引起冲突以至于战争，从而实现\"文明的共存\"。
孔子的\"仁学\"理论虽然不能解决当今人类社会存在的\"文化的共存\"的全部问题，但它作为一种建立在以\"仁\"为本之上的\"律己\"的道德要求，作为调节不同文化之间关系的一条准则，使不同文化得以和谐相处，无疑仍有一定的现实意义。
要使不同文化之间和谐相处并不容易，孔子提倡的\"和而不同\"可以提供极有意义的资源。孔子认为，以\"和为贵\"而行\"忠恕之道\"的有道德有学问的君子应该做到在不同中求得和谐相处;而不讲道德没有学问的人往往强迫别人接受他的主张而不能和谐相处。如果把\"和而不同\"用作处理不同文化之间关系的原则，对于解决当今不同国家与民族之间的纷争应有非常积极的意义。
现在西方国家的有识之士都认识到不同文明之间应能共存。不同民族和国家应该通过文化的交往与对话，在对话(商谈)和讨论中取得某种\"共识\"，这是由\"不同\"到某种意义上的相互\"认同\"的过程。这种相互\"认同\"不是一方消灭一方，也不是一方\"同化\"一方，而是在两种不同文化中寻找交汇点，并在此基础上推动双方文化的发展，这正是\"和\"的作用。其中，德国思想家哈贝马斯提出了\"正义\"和\"团结\"的观念;我认为，把它们作为处理不同民族文化之间关系的原则，是有意义的。哈贝马斯的\"正义原则\"可理解为，要保障每一种民族文化独立自主、按照其民族的意愿发展的权利;\"团结原则\"可理解为，要求对其他民族文化有同情理解和尊重的义务。不断通过对话和交往等途径，总可以在不同民族文化间形成互动中的良性循环。不久前去世的德国哲学家伽达默尔提出，应把\"理解\"扩展到\"广义对话\"层面，主体与对象(主观与客观或主与宾)才得以从不平等地位过渡到平等地位;反过来说，只有对话双方处于平等地位，对话才可能真正进行并顺利完成。可以说，伽达默尔所持的主体--对象平等意识和文化对话论，正是我们这个时代所需要的重要理念。这种理念，对我们正确深入地理解中外文化、民族关系等，具有重要启示。但是，无论是\"正义\"和\"团结\"原则，还是\"广义对话论\"，都要以承认\"和而不同\"原则为前提，这样，不同文化传统的民族与国家才能获得平等权利和义务。儒家\"和而不同\"原则应成为处理不同文化之间的一条基本原则。罗素说：\"不同文明之间的交流过去已经多次证明是人类文明发展的里程碑。\"当今人类社会，需要的正是不同文化在相互吸收和融合中发展不同的文化传统的特色，以期达到在新的基础上的\"文化的共存\"。
2、道家的\"道论\"能为防止\"文明的冲突\"提供有意义的资源
如果说孔子是一位\"仁者\"，那么老子则是一位\"智者\"。《道德经》中，\"道\"是基本概念，而\"自然无为\"(顺应自然规律，不做违背自然规律的事)是\"道\"的基本特性。今日人类社会之所以存在种种纷争，无疑是由于贪婪追求权力和金钱引起的。那些强国为了私利，扩张势力，掠夺弱国的资源，实行强权政治，正是世界混乱无序的根源。帝国霸权正是\"文明冲突\"的根源。老子说：古代圣人曾经说过：\"我无为而民自化，我好静而民自正，我无事而民自富，我无欲而民自朴。\"意思是说：掌握权力的统治者不应该对老百姓作过多的干涉(无为)，不要扰乱老百姓的正常生活(好静)，不要作违背老百姓意愿的事(无事)，不要贪得无厌地盘剥老百姓(无欲)，这样老百姓就会自己教化自己(自化)，自己走上正轨(自正)，自己富足起来(自富)，自己生活朴素。如果对这段话给以现代诠释，那就不仅可以使一个国家内部安宁，而且对消除不同文明之间的冲突无疑有重要意义。为什么今日世界人类社会处在一种十分混乱不安定的状态?这完全是由人自身造成的，特别是那些\"新帝国\"的领导者造成的，他们违背了\"天道\"，失去了\"人心\"，奉行的是\"损不足以奉有余\";\"文明的冲突\"论与其背后的\"新帝国\"论有着密切联系。
为了社会的和平和安宁，老子强烈地反对战争。《道德经》第三十一章说：\"夫兵者，不祥之器，物或恶之，故有道者不处。\"(打仗用兵是不吉祥的东西，大家都厌恶它，所以有道德的人不使用它。)战争总要死人，总要破坏生产，使社会秩序破坏。老子又说：\"以道佐人主者，不以兵强天下，其事好还。师之所处，荆棘生焉，大军之后，必有凶年。\"(我们应该用道德来告诫领导者，不要用兵力逞强于天下。用兵这件事一定会得到报应。军队所到的地方，就会破坏一切，使荆棘丛生。大战之后，一定会是荒年。)反观各国历史，无不如此。从历史上看，发动战争的人虽然一时可以得逞，但最终总要失败。世界各国应从《道德经》中吸取智慧，认识到强权政治、霸权主义从长期的世界历史发展看是没有前途的。老子思想对消解\"文明的冲突\"论、新\"帝国论\"是十分有价值的。当然，两千多年前的老子思想不可能全然解决当今人类社会的问题(包括各民族之间的矛盾、冲突等问题)，但是他的智慧之光对我们应有重要启示。我们应该做的，是如何发掘和发挥他的思想精华并给以现代诠释，使之有利于人们得到某些宝贵启示。
在不同民族和国家之间，由于宗教信仰的不同、价值观念的不同、思维方式的不同可能引起冲突，甚至可能由冲突导致战争。但是，是否必然要引起冲突，能不能化解冲突、使之不因文化的不同而导致战争，这就需要我们从各个不同民族的文化中找出文明共存的资源。如上所述，中国文化中的儒道两家可以为化解\"文明的冲突\"、实现\"文明的共存\"提供有意义的资源。我相信，在各民族、各国家的文化中同样有可以化解\"文明的冲突\"并实现\"文明的共存\"的有价值的资源。是用\"文明冲突论\"来处理各民族、国家间的问题，还是用\"文明共存论\"来引导人类社会走向和平共处，这是当前必须认真考虑和慎重选择的问题。反对\"文明冲突\"论，倡导\"文明共存\"论，无疑是人类社会的福祉。《尚书·尧典》说：\"协和万邦\"。中华民族和其他许多民族一样是伟大的民族，有很长灿烂光辉的历史文化传统，对人类社会是
极为宝贵的财富。我们对这笔财富应善加利用，使之为实现不同文化之间的协调共存，推进世界各种文化之间的交流，做出应有的贡献。
--节选自《\"文明的冲突\"与\"文明的共存\"》作者 汤一介教授
People of different civilizations, such as Islamic civilization, Christian civilization or Chinese civilization, have different views on the relations between God and man, the individual and the group, the citizen and the state, parents and children, husband and wife, as well as differing views of the relative importance of rights and responsibilities, liberty and authority, equality and hierarchy.These differences are the product of centuries.They will not soon disappear.They are far more fundamental than differences among political ideologies and political regimes.-- Harvard University\'s Samuel Huntington
中文：不同文明的人们，诸如伊斯兰文明、基督教文明或中国文明，有着不同的思维对于神和人的关系、个人和团体的关系、公民和国家的关系、父母和孩子的关系、丈夫和妻子的关系，同样，对于权利和责任、自由和权威、平等和阶层两者相对的重要性有着不同的看法。这些不同是很多世纪的产物。他们将不会那么快就消失掉的。它们远比政治的意识形态和政治的组织形式之间的不同根本的多。 2010年考研英语写作预测 (五)
一、历年真题定性：
生活在城市还是乡村 (1991年考题类型→\"个人偏好\")
父母和孩子之间缺乏沟通 (1992年考题类型→\"无形社会问题\")
电视广告 (1993年考题类型→\"无形社会问题\")
结交朋友 (1994年考题类型→\"个人偏好\")
希望工程 (1995年考题类型→\"有形社会问题\")
健康的身体 (1996年考题类型→\"个人偏好\")
世界性的吸烟问题 (1997年考题类型→\"有形社会问题\")
不必要的承诺 (1998年考题类型→\"有形社会问题\")
生态失衡 (1999年考题类型→\"有形社会问题\")
商业捕鱼 (2000年考题类型→\"有形社会问题\")
奉献爱心 (2001年考题类型→\"无形社会问题\")
文化交流 (2002年考题类型→\"无形社会问题\")
温室里的花朵经不起风吹雨打 (2003年考题类型→\"人生哲理\")
Section Ⅳ wrinting (节选试题)
66 Directions
Study the following set of drawings carefully and write an eay in which you should
1)describe the set of drawing ,interpret it meaning
2)point out its implications in our life
you should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2 (20 points)
终点又是新起点 (2004年考题类型→\"人生哲理\")
Secton Ⅳ Writing (节选试题)
66 Directions:
Study the following drawing carfully and write an eay in which you should
1) describe the drawing
2) interpret its meaning ,and
3) support your view with examples
You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2
养老问题 (2005年考题类型→\"无形社会问题\")
Section Ⅳwriting (节选试题)
Part A
51 Direction:
Two ,months ago you not got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs and Fashion .But now you find that the work is not what you expected .You decide to quit .write a letter to you bo ,Mr.Wang , telling him your decision ,stating your reson(s),and making an apology .
Write your letter with no le than 100 words .Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own at the letter ;use \"Li Ming\" instead .You do not need to write the addre.(10 points)
Part B
52 Directions :
Write an eay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing .in your eay ,you should first dedcribe the drawing ,then inerpret its meaning ,and give your comment on it .青少年盲目崇拜 (2006年考题类型→\"无形社会问题\")
Section Ⅲ writing (节选试题)
Part A
51 Directions :
You want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area .Write a letter to the department concerned ,asking them to help find a candidate .you should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry oyt your plan .
Write your leeter in no le than 100 words .write it neatly on
Part B
52 Directions :
Study the following photos carefully and write an eay in which you should
1) describe the photos briefly .
2) interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them ,and
3) give your point of view .
you should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2(20
自信 (2007年考题类型→\"人生哲理\")
Section 3 writing (节选试题)
Part A
51 Directions:
Write a letter to you university library ,making suggestions for improving its service.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter .use \"Li Ming \"instead .
Do not write the addre .(10 points)
Part B
52 Direction :
Write an eay of 160-200 words on the following drawing .in your eay ,you should
1)describe the drawing briefly ,
2) explain its intended meaning ,and then
3)Support your view write an example /examples
合作 (2008年考题类型→\"人生哲理\")
Sections 3 writing (节选试题)
Part a
51.derection:
You have just come back from Canada and found a music CD in your luggage that you forgot to return to Bob ,your landlord there .write him a letter to
1)make an apology ,and
2)suggest a solution
you should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter .Use \" Li Ming \" instead .
Do not write the addre .(10 points )
Part b
52 Direction :
Write an eay of 160-200 words on the following drawing .in your eay ,you should
1)describe the drawing briefly ,
2)explain its intended meaning , and then
网络 (2009年考题类型→\"无形社会问题\")
二、历年真题写作题型定义：1)个人偏好。个人偏好指的是利弊参半的问题，如\"生活在农村还是城市\"各有利弊，利弊要因每个人的不同偏好而判定;2)有形社会问题。有形社会问题指的是只有依靠政府才能够解决的一些社会问题，如生态失衡、假冒伪劣产品泛滥等社会问题;3)无形社会问题。无形社会问题指的是通过政府或法律手段无法很好解决的一些社会问题，如养老问题、青少年盲目崇拜等社会问题;4)人生哲理。人生哲理指的是不同的人生观和价值观，如逆境出人才、自强不息、勇于拼搏等话题。
三、2010年考研英语写作题型预测：通过以上对历年写作真题的分析，我们可以看出考研写作的题型已经相当固定。迦思佑能够连续7年命中考研英语写作的秘密所在就在于完全掌握了考研英语写作的命题思路与逻辑。\"个人偏好\"题型截止1996年总共考了三次，接下来的11年再也没考过。\"无形社会问题\"题型考了7次。\"有形社会问题\"题型考了5次。
从2003年开始考\"人生哲理\"题型，截止2007年总共考了4次，可以说是新题型。综上所述，2010年的写作应该是围绕着以上四种题型出题。
第11篇：考研英语大作文结尾万能
（1）对于不好现象的评论：
Considering the current iue and worsening situation, we should call for some immediate action imposed by the authorities.In other words, our government of various levels must make relevant plans or rules to guarantee a proper order and justice.Beside, the general public should also be made aware that any prompt solution is of benefit to all.Therefore, it’s the duty of ordinary people to actively participate in the action.
（2）对于好现象的评论：
So far it’s not difficult to see that a positive attitude should be maintained here.For one thing, each one of us must be aware of its significance and poible beneficial effects.This way we can translate into proper action in daily life.For the other, some positive action should also be encouraged in the whole society.
第12篇：考研英语考前必备：英语大作文
2018考研英语考前必备：英语大作文模板
来源：智阅网
考研英语写作一直是大家的难点，鉴于时间紧张，大家还是抓紧时间练习吧，针对考研英语大作文写作，这次归纳了写作模板和常用句型，大家可以学习借鉴一下。
一、第一段
先描述所给图画，再进一步挖掘图画细节进行描述;
1、我们可以利用以下来表达
As is illustrated/revealed/depicted in the picture,.........
As is shown in the drawing above,........
二、第二段
分点阐释你的中心思想，并且要举例证明，在举例过程中，我们可以,
正反例证：
1.Two examples that aptly illustrate this point(两个例子可以恰当的解释这个点) involve the fields of ( )
2.A telling example of (鲜明的例子)
3.正面举例：One compelling argument in favor of a global university has to do with the fact that its faculty and students would bring diverse cultural and educational perspectives to the problems they seek to(努力做什么)solve.
4.反面举例：It might be tempting to(貌似吸引人的是)think( ).However, in my view(在我看来) any such concerns are unwarranted(这种担心是毫无根据的), especially considering the growing awarene of(对什么越来越了解)( ).
引用论证：
1.Just as an old Chinese saying goes:.................
2.To further demonstrate the importance of .....,I would like to take a famous fable as a case in point.
三、第三段
提出相应的建议或措施，并且在文章最后再次强调你的中心思想。
在文章最后再次强调自己的观点：
Neverthele ,the opposition voice may persist objecting the decision arguing that( )
However, in my view, such concerns are groundle, especially when considering the fact that.....
常用谚语
1.爱屋及乌 Love me, love my dog.
2.百闻不如一见 Seeing is believing.
3.比上不足比下有余 worse off than some, better off than many;
4.笨鸟先飞 A slow sparrow should make an early start.
5.不眠之夜 white night
6.不以物喜不以己悲 not pleased by external gains, not saddened by personnal loes
7.不遗余力 spare no effort; go all out; do one\'s best
8.不打不成交 No discord, no concord.
9.拆东墙补西墙 rob Peter to pay Paul
10.辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year and ring in the new
11.大事化小小事化了 try first to make their mistake sound le serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all
12.大开眼界 open one\'s eyes; broaden one\'s horizon; be an eye-opener
13.国泰民安 The country flourishes and people live in peace
14.过犹不及 going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as falling short; too much is as bad as too little
15.功夫不负有心人 Everything comes to him who waits.
16.好了伤疤忘了疼 once on shore, one prays no more 17.好事不出门恶事传千里 Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spread far and wide.上面讲解的这几点内容，大家要认真学习，好好对待哦。《考研英语写作考前冲刺20篇》这本书对大家现阶段的备考帮助很大，要认真对待哦。
第13篇：考研英语：小作文 大学问
考研英语：小作文 大学问 考研英语小作文和大作文不同，有其独特的特点。大致可分二十多个类型，例如申请信，介绍信等等。很多同学往往会忽视小作文的复习，认为掌握了这几种类型的模板就可以拿高分。实际上从历年的考生成绩来看，小作文得高分却很难。小作文虽然分值不如大作文，但仍占有不小的比重，而且难度也不大，所以大家务必好好把握，让小作文变成你的得分点。切忌生搬硬套
小作文是应用文，题材内容固定，很容易拿分。大作文由于题材丰富，且多属议论文，灵活多变，又无标准答案可借鉴，使得很多人不知如何下手。其实，考官为了防止考生猜题，以区别出考生的不同水平，一般都会出看图作文，这其实是准备的切入点。海天考研辅导专家提醒考生，考生复习时，应该从议论文的角度着手，将文章分为开头、主干、结尾三段，总结各部分可能出现的情况，每种类型的文章如何开头，如何结尾；英语不同于中文，结构占了很重要的比例，考生应该总结十几个好的开头结尾句型，总结十种左右的起承转合的功能句，再背一些优秀句子，切忌生搬硬套。
制作自己的作文模板
考生最好找本归纳较好的作文书，自己编排句型模版，同样的语境一定要熟悉两至三种的句型。海天考研辅导专家提醒考生，现在市面上有很多模版的书，考生可以借鉴，但千万不要死背，要将它转为自己的东西，最好能找个词同义替换一下，因为再好的句型用多了，阅卷人也会产生厌恶感，结果只能适得其反。海天考研辅导专家提醒考生，作文要拿到高分，一要速度，保证在考试有限时间里自如地写完；二要地道，写出来的东西起码要像英文文章；三要有特色，能让考官一眼扫过去感觉与众不同；四要整洁清楚，这样可以获得阅卷人的印象分。
用词准确是基础
用词准确是作文写作最基础的要求之一。在一篇作文当中，句子的句型可以多变，例如既有并列句，也有复合句，还有从句，只要语法运用正确就没有问题，但大家的用词一定要准确，否则一切都是空话。海天考研辅导专家提醒考生，正式语言一般是写给具有正式的团体或机构，这种情况不能使用缩略语和口语用法。除了正式的文体以外，其他的文体皆为非正式文体，像写给朋友的书信等。
第14篇：考研大,小作文的区别
小作文
小作文是一封申请信（letter of request），但是从题目上看，并不接近英美教科书中典型的应用文，而是带有中国特色的出题方式。大家一定要紧扣提纲，对情景有深入的理解和准确的把握。提纲与2005年第一次出的小作文题目一样，也是不采用分点罗列的方式，而是放在一起陈述，这与大作文是不同的。大作文绝大多数时候都会分点罗列。大家在行文中一定要注意涵盖要点，同时也要做到表达流畅、语言准确贴切。
请大家注意一个重要的细节，字不要写得太大。2006年的答题纸二是双面横向设计的，正面为22行，上面十行是五道翻译题，每题两行，每道题前均有题号，从46一直到50。下面十二行写小作文，前面有题号，为51。两种题目之间留有间隔，这种新的设计很不错。反面也是22行，所有行之间的间距相同。大家注意，这样的格子对于想写长文章的同学来说，是相当有限制的。大家的字一定要写得中等或偏小一点才能写得下并看上去舒服。由于加页是几乎不可能的，所以大家在一开始写的时候就要计划好。
正面的左侧约五分之一的地方自上而下分别是第二部分即阅读理解C节、第三部分写作A节及写作B节评分的地方，所以去掉这个区域，留给小作文的地方就更小了。建议大家将Dear Mr.Johnson这样的抬头紧邻着题号51写，日期在右边稍微抬高就可以了（上面说过这一行比较宽）。实际上不写日期也不会扣分，不过一定不要将日期写到信的最后去。信最后的落款要占两行，有一行写到十二行之外的页下空白处是无伤大雅的，而且很可能是非常有必要的。相反，如果连十二行都未占满，阅卷老师就有可能会考虑字数是否够。
由于教育部考试中心这次在下发《英语试题参考答案和评分参考》时并未象往年一样下发作文样卷，所以上海阅卷点的大组长们共同确定了十份样卷，也就是小作文
5、
6、
7、8分各一份，大作文
11、
12、
13、
14、
15、16分各一份。这些都是在字数符合要求的作文中挑选的。实际上绝大多数的小作文都取得了上面的分数。总体感觉似乎比去年好一点，去年是6分最多，其次是
5、
7、8分，今年感觉7分与5分的数量差不多，有的学校甚至7分卷更多一点。而大作文还是普遍没有大的改观，16分非常少，16分以上的寥寥无几，感觉总平均分仅比去年略高，但应该还是不到11分。可以看出，上海老师对大家的要求是相当严格的。许多老师都是多年阅卷的“行家”，对于文章的把握相当准确，对于分数的判定也相当敏锐。
今年阅卷有个感受，就是小作文的分数拉不开，得高分的大多是写得长的文章，把落款写到下面。很长时间来我都在细细揣摩阅卷老师们的微妙的心理反应与心理变化，对于这一点，我感觉很象国际象棋里的兵“触底成后”。
在写作小作文时，千万不要信口开河，如有个学生说每年想给资助的孩子二百万元，还有个学生自称是profeor。有些学生对题目理解有误，这是不应该的，比如有个学生讲了一个具体的孩子的故事，说这个孩子很可怜，令人同情，所以要资助他。这道题是要求写明自己想要捐助怎样的孩子，这里要求写作者的想法，还不知道具体的孩子的情况。
小作文也应分段来写，不要只写成一段。
大作文
大作文不写标题不扣分，但是写错则会给阅卷老师留下不好的印象，这样就得不偿失了。请大家注意：最好不要反着写大作文。答题纸二的背面写大作文，看到上面的题号52，就不会搞反了。
大作文的字数不够肯定是要扣分的，今年的情况似乎更加严重。由于考研的答题卡设计较为紧凑，与四六级不同，所以写得短被扣分的幅度要更大。如果以中等大小的字体写满全页，当然在正常分段，每段开头均有空格的情况下，大概能写240词，而根据多年的写作批改经验——不超过240词，是绝对不会对阅卷老师产生“写得太长”的感受的。当然每个老师对长文章的感觉不尽相同，有的可能300词才觉得长，但是240词应该是低端临界值。
今年出现一个趋势，就是大作文的字数不够被猛扣分。有些同学功底不错，只是在考试时没掌握好时间，但这种错误有时可能是致命的。题目的要求非常清楚，要求大家写160至200词。不写到160词肯定扣分，这是毫无疑问的。原则上是少1-10词扣一分，但是字数不足很可能漏点，即三点只写两点或者一点，这样扣起来就厉害了。大家切记：参加写作阅卷的老师中有不少都是自己非常喜爱写作的人，越是这样的老师对字数少扣分扣得越狠。一般说来，不到16行肯定要扣分。另外，字写得差或模糊也是如此。有的同学长时间以来有不良的写作习惯。没有批过作文的人可能永远也想象不到看快没油的圆珠笔写成的作文时那种痛苦的感受，或者看到写一个词点一个点的作文时那种几近疯狂的感觉。
许多大组现在都和我们大组一样，自己分成两个小组，一组改翻译，一组改作文。所以小作文和大作文有可能由同一个老师改，但翻译由另一个老师改。有的大组在阅卷时将小作文和大作文也分开来改，这样更科学，但也需要更多时间。
在大作文中，切记千万不要抄阅读理解。今年发现有的同学将自己写的部分与抄的阅读部分间隔起来，阅卷老师给了3分。还有个同学前四段抄阅读理解原文，最后写了一句：Beckham is a English.I hate him.全文只有这一句与题目有关，后来根据轻易不判0分的传统，勉强给了1分。
写大作文时切记要扣紧主题，切不可离题太远，导致最后回不来或由于时间关系写不完。另外，各部分之间的比例应适当，如第一段就不要太长。与主题相关的关键词语要用对，如追星中的追求，可以用pursue，但不要把pursuit当成动词来用。
语言水平的提高决非易事，仅举两例。
比如在最后下结论时，有的同学要表达“做自己”的概念，这里应使用“Be
yourself”，但不少同学用“Do yourself”，这就不对了。
又如：I think this men who persuit stars have no culture.这个同学可能要表达“我认为这个追星的人没文化”的概念，可改为：I believe that this person who adores stars is not educated.
更好的写法是：Those people who are indulged in star worship, in my belief, are not independent individuals.
希望大家用心体会，多吸纳范文中好的词句，而后将它们有意识地用到自己的文章中，之后通过多次修正，必能获得进步。阅卷心得体会—2007年今年阅卷已是第九个年头，上海的试卷比去年减少了2.9%，是多年来首次出现减少。现将最新的感受记录下来，与大家分享。
今年的作文题目如下：
Section Ⅲ Writing
Part A
51.Directions:
Write a letter to your university library, making suggestions for improving its service.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the addre.(10 points)Part B
52.Directions:
Write an eay of 160~200 words based on the following drawing.In your eay, you should
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and then
3) support your view with an example/examples.
You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points)小作文
小作文是一封建议信（letter of suggestion），与大学生活扣得很紧，是大家熟悉的话题，比较容易把握。题目特点是指令中的描述非常简单，只有一句话——写信给校图书馆，提出改进服务的建议。
小作文的分数差距不大。大部分同学都做到了结构完整、格式不出错的基本要求。 大作文
大作文非常玄妙，值得细品。首先，很可能从今年开始大作文将经历由时事向哲理过渡的重大变革。其次，出题人将尽量用图画来表达意图，而不借助或少借助图中或图旁的文字，这样意义表达得会更深刻，对考生的思考力和判断力的要求也就更高。第三，图画的含义深刻，可以接受的解释也较多，但要想取得高分，必须紧扣图画，把握住其中的精髓。最
后，题目要求中明确提出要举例。这不是第一次，如2004年的大作文就曾提出要举例
(support your view with examples)。还记得当年大家讨论后认为举一个或多个例子均可，今年的指令首次出现了an example/examples，这一方面可见出题人的精心，另一方面也可看出如果我们用心，就能够提前一步把握考研试题的发展方向。
今年判分更加严格了，这主要体现在大作文上。与主题无关的文章，如有些考生照抄阅读理解，一律给0分。如果考生没有理解图画的意思，扣分也非常厉害。比如有一个考生将漫画看成了三幅图，他描述道：一个小男孩在图一中玩足球，一个胖男人在图二中玩，一对老夫妻在图三中玩。三幅图的寓意是：每个人都应当锻炼身体。还有一位考生写道：可以看出一个人在射门，一只动物在守门——画图者提醒人们一定要爱护动物。有个考生写道，一个人射门，三个人守门，引申到有的政府部门一定要提高效率。另有个考生写道，一个强壮的人与一个弱小的人比赛，还让强壮的人先踢，这样的规则很不合理，由此引申到构建和谐社会一定要有人人平等的法律与规则。实际上，写成贫富差距、社会公平、生态平衡、自私问题或赡养老人问题的考生并不少。可能他们脑中已有了现成的文章，上了考场就往上硬套。有的考生虽然不算完全跑题，但也只能算是勉强有一点点联系，比如有个考生就写道：从图中写以看出，在任何时候脑中都应保留危机意识，这种意识对个人与社会的发展都有利。虽然其后的论证比较清晰流畅，但最关键的却缺失了——无法看出是怎么从图画推导出“危机意识”的。有的甚至将漫画中的人看成了鸡、鸭、猴等，很是令人失望。
至于模板，大家一定要理解清楚，根据不同的文章做相应的调整，这样才能取得良好的效果。这些年阅卷中常碰到一些文章，一看就知道背过我书里的范文——如果考生能吃透文章，并能根据具体问题做出适当的变化，就能获得满意的分数；如果是死记硬背，不考虑当前文章的实际，情况就不容乐观了。总之不能硬套模板。
现在的阅卷老师越来越认真负责，投机心理不可取，况且有些老师比较激进一点，对某些低级错误不会给多少分——出现一次可能还能容忍，一旦出现两次就很麻烦。所以大家先要保证不出低级错误，然后再尽量增加闪光点。
今年的高分比去年少，16分以上的文章就更少见了。今年第一次提出了“14分以上谨慎”的指导原则，因此这次大作文的平均分可能会偏低。当然这也与今年题目抽象度较高有关——虽然主题的界定比较宽，但要深入浅出，颇为不易。高速批改的阅卷者的心态变得更加微妙，可能变得更激进，更易由较少甚至单独的例证来作出判断，所以大家应该尽量减少无法容忍的错误。
今年答题卡的版式设计与去年完全一致，所以请大家好好看看我去年的心得。请大家最好将小作文写满12行，大作文至少写16行，要得高分至少要写18行。
其他一些具体的建议：态度要认真，字要写得尽量干净整齐；把作文写在规定的位置上，在两篇作文中均不要以标
1、
2、3的方式分点阐述，而是借助连接词等手段；不要将关键词写错，如有一个考生从题目到全篇都将confidence写作了evidence，这就很可惜；最
好使用水笔，忌用铅笔，不宜用圆珠笔，使用钢笔要避免墨迹；不要空行、隔行写字，一定要按格子来写；不会写的词应该换个同义或近义词，一定要避免空着或写汉语。
随着这本小册子的再版，同学们的电话、短信与邮件纷至沓来，有时在食堂吃工作餐也有没教过的学生跑来请教——多是关于写作的捷径。今天我不想谈写作，而想谈谈硕士论文。写出一篇硕士论文的最好办法是从第一学期的课程中的某章某节最令你痴迷的一个微观的小问题开始，不断地搜集资料、阅读、思考、记录下心得„„之后你就走上了奇妙的旅程，你不会觉得辛苦，也不会再对写作感到手足无措。欢迎大家与我交流，祝大家成功！
第15篇：考研英语大作文(展望未来型)
With the rapid advances of _____________ in recent years, ___has____________(引出现象).However, _______ has________________, as____________(提出问题).As a result, _____has ____________________(指出影响).The effects ___________ has produced on____________ can be boiled down to two major ones.
First , __________________(影响一).More importantly, ________________(影响二).Hence, I believe that we will see a ____________(提出展望)/ Neverthele, I do not think we will see a ______(或反面展望)
There are numerous reasons why ____, and I would like to explore a few of the most important ones here.The first is that the more(比较级)_____, the more (比较级).In addition, we all agree that________________________(第二个原因
第16篇：考研英语大作文十大总结
2013考研政治 密切关注十八大
2013年考研政治新大纲的变化主要有三个方面：增加了什么，减少了什么以及调整了什么。
首先，各位2013年考研的学子，都不必担心新大纲对政治考试的影响。政治大纲的变化都是一些细节知识点的调整，且万变不离其宗。考研政治的复习需要好的教研，好的教材和好的方法。在之后的三阶与四阶复习中，要坚持持之以恒的复习，不断调整、不断积累。
在大纲发布到1月5日初试的这不到4个月的时间内，各位考生在全面复习的过程中要密切关注十八大会议精神和领导人重要讲话。人事调动是肯定不会考的，但是一定要注意到重要的新提法，11年的七一讲话总结了改革开放以来取得一切成就的经验，有三大内容：坚持和拓展中国特色社会主义道路，坚持和丰富中国特色社会理论体系，还要知道一个内容叫做坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度，这是之前没有写入考试大纲的。2013乃至之后几年内的考研政治中，与党中央十八大的新精神新思想相关的考点一定是重要考点。对此，各位考研学子也不用担心，一般辅导班会对十八大精神以及相关考点进行深度解析，让大家做到心中有数。
此外，考生要关注当年的社会热点。中宣部有一本书，叫《从怎么看到怎么办》， 里面分专题对当年的社会热点进行了解读；要重视周年纪念日，《半月谈》有一个栏目，叫做历史上的今天。这些都是大家可以也应该复习到的考点。
2013年的形势与政策及当代政治与经济共有15个知识点，重点的重点有两个：一个是走和平发展道路，一个是和谐世界；至于形势和政策，12年考试考查的时间范围是从1月考到12月，实际上是考胡锦涛的讲话，考党中央的文件，这门课的重点考胡锦涛的讲话，考党中央的文件；但是2013年新增的“西方干涉主义的新特点”也要加以重视，有可能成为命制最后一道分析题的考点。
第17篇：考研必备个人总结大作文
提纲作文
必背模版句型
It is often said that...
我们经常这么说„„
It goes without saying that...
毫无疑问„„
It can be easily proved that...
„„很容易被证明。
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is...
与以上一点同样重要的是„„
I am of the opinion that...
我支持„„
The chief reason why ...is that ...
之所以„„的主要原因是„„
To take...for an example (instance) ...
把„„作为一个例子
According to a latest study, it can be predicted...
最近的研究预测„„
Another special consideration in this case is that ...
关于这件事还有一点值得考虑，那就是„„
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to...
这也许对，但关于„„我们仍然有一个问题。
Besides, we should not neglect that...
另外，我们不应该忽视„„
Therefore, these findings reveal the following information...
因此，这些发现揭示了以下信息„„
On account of this we can find that ...
据此我们可以发现„„
Wonderful as A is, however, it has its own disadvantages too.
尽管A很优秀，但它也有自身的缺陷。
Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned...
在所有可信赖的理由中，有一个值得一提„„
Currently there is a widespread concern that...
目前，对于„„普遍关注。
There is no immediate solution to the problem of ..., but ...might be helpful.
关于解决„„没有快速的办法，但„„可能会有作用。
All available evidence points to the fact that...
所有的证据证明„„
No one can deny the fact that...
没人能否定„„这个事实。
Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclusion that...
考虑到所有这些因素，我们可以做出这样的结论„„ 3.必背经典范文
Directions:
Write an article on Changes on State-owned Houses and Private Houses of China.In your article you should
(1) the present situation
(2) the poible causes
(3) its impact
Ownership of Houses in Beijing
Ownership of houses in Beijing has significantly changed in recent years.In 1990, 75 percent of the houses were stateowned.But in 1995, the ratio of state-owned houses to private ones was 60 to 40.And the ownership changed dramatically since 1995 and by the end of the century, 80 percent of houses were private.
There might have been two main reasons.One of the reasons was the policy of the government.In the 1990s, China carried on with its reform policy and the government called for privatization of the sate-owned estate.But it took time for the reform to come into effect.But from 1995 on when people have recognized its significance, the reformation took bigger steps.Another reason was that the people were getting better off and they could afford buying their own houses.
Such changes have had great impact on individuals as well as the society.On one hand, the individuals must save money to buy an apartment or to pay the mortgage.On the other hand, a heaven burden has been taken off the government so that it can take more effective measures to improve peoples life.
题目：就中国公房和私房的变化写一篇短文。你的短文应该包括：
(1) 目前的现状
(2) 可能产生的原因
(3) 相关影响
译文
北京房屋所有权
最近几年，北京房屋的所有权发生了很大的变化。1990年，75%的房屋都是公房。到了1995年，这一数字就变成了60%。自1995年起，所有权发生了很大的变化，到本世纪末私房数量已经达到80%。
可能的原因有两个。其中一个原因是政府的政策。90年代，中国开始了改革政策，政府呼吁房产私有化。但改革需要时间才能显现成果。到1995年人们意识到这一政策的意义，改革的作用向前迈了一步。另一个原因是人们的生活越来越好有能力购房。
这样的变化对国家和个人都有很大的影响。一方面，个人必须存钱或贷款买房。另一方面，政府的压力减轻后可以实施更好的措施来改善人们的生活。
图表作文
必背模版句型
As can be seen from/in the chart/diagram/table/graph...
从表格/图形中我们可以看到„„
The table shows a three times increase over that of last year.
表格显示比去年上升了3倍。
According to /As is shown in the Table /Figure/Chart...
如表格/图表中显示„„
The number is 5 times as much as that of...
此数字是„„的5倍。
It has increased by three times as compared with that of ...
同„„相比，增长了3倍。
It can be seen from the chart/diagram/table/graph/figures/statistics that...
从表格/图表/数据中我们可以看到„„ From the
table/figures/data/results/information
above,
it
can/may
be seen/concluded/shown/estimated/calculated/inferred that...
从以上的表格/图表/数据/结果/信息中，我们可以看到/总结/预测/计算/得出„„
A has the highest sales figure in the three departments, followed by B and C.
在3个部门中，A的销售额最高，其次是B和C。
The figure of A is about twice as much as that of B.
A的数字是B的两倍。
The rise lasted for two weeks and then began to level off in August.
上升两个星期后，8月份开始平稳。
It accounts for 30% of the total population.
占到总人口的30%。
The number of students has reached 500, indicating a rise of 20%, compared to last semester.
学生人数达到500人，与上个学期相比上升了20%。
It picked up speed at the end of this month.
这个月底加快了速度。
The pie charts show the changes on...in some place in 2000.
此饼形图显示了2000年一些地方„„的变化。
from this year on，there was a gradual declined reduction in the..., reaching a figure of...
从这年起，„„逐渐下降至„„
There are a lot of similarities/differences between...and...
„„与„„之间有许多相似(不同)之处
It can be drawn from the chart that the proportions of A and B are going down, though the falling level of the latter is a lot lower/higher than that of the former.
尽管B的下降速度比A要慢/快，从表中我们可以看到A和B的比例都在下降。
The increase/decrease is more noticeable during the second half of the 5year period.
在5年期限的后半段，增长/降低比较明显。
It falls from 50% in 2000 to 30% in 2004, and then the trend reverse, finishing at 58% in 2005.
从2000年的50%降到2004年的30%，然后形势逆转，2005年达到了58%。
The table shows the changes in the number of...over the period from...to...
该表格描述了在„„年之„„年间„„数量的变化。
As can be seen from the graph, the two curves show the fluctuation of...
如图所示，两条曲线描述了„„的波动情况。
3.必背经典范文
Directions: the table below shows the number of road accidents which occurred in Britain in different places and the ages of the injured persons.Write a report describing the information shown below.
Road accidents in Britain
when/where accidents occurredAge
2-4Age
5-7Age
8-11Age
11-13Age
14-16TOTAL
Going to school21383127
Going home from school21692231
Playing in the street89812651202
Cycling into the street110259247
Shopping for their parents432132152
TOTAL9815281217359
The chart above organizes data about road accidents involving children in Britain by and by when and where the accidents occurred.It can be seen that the incidence of accidents decreases as the childrens age increase and that age correlates with the circumstances surrounding the accident.
For all ages, the most common situation leading to accident is playing in the street but young children were particularly affected.Children between the ages of 5-7 seemed to get into accidents while engaged in activities appropriate to their age, such as shopping for their parents or going home from school.In fact, this age group accounted for the most road accidents of all.Children between 8 and age 11 had the most accidents cycling in the street.After age 11, the number of accidents dropped considerably in all situations.
From the chart, we get to know that playing in the street is the most common and universal site of accidents of all ages, but the risks that other sites and situations present vary with the childrens ages.
题目：表格给出了英国在不同地点和不同年龄段的人所发生的交通事故。请描述一下这个表格。
译文
上面的图表中的数据反映了英国不同年龄段的孩子在不同地点发生交通事故的情况。我们可以看到随着年龄的增长，孩子出现交通事故的次数在不断下降，而且年龄段与发生事故的地点也有关系。
就所有的年龄段看，最容易出现事故的情况是在马路上玩耍，尤其是对那些年龄小的孩子。处在5至7岁之间的孩子在做适合他们年龄段的事情时，比如替父母上街买东西，或者从学校回家，也很容易出事。事实上，这个年龄段的孩子发生事故最多。8至11岁的孩子在街上骑车最容易发生事故。11岁以后，在所有场合的事故发生都有所减少。
从表中我们知道，对所有的年龄段的孩子来说，在马路上玩耍都是最容易发生事故的，但是其他情况的危险性则随着年龄的变化而不同。
人生价值类模板2：
From the picture we can perceive that„„ .What astonishes the drawing and the readers is that„„ .It is known to all that„„ , but it seems„„ .
The artist utilizes this artistic presentation to imply a spreading vogue that„„ .Ultimately, the trend boils down to„„ .Accordingly,„„ .To worsen the problem, this behavior is evoking„„ .
In my point of view, we are in a prime time to curb the problem from deteriorating.First and foremost， the whole society should arrive at the consensus that„„ .Besides， an awarene of should be infused into everybody\'s mind.家庭关系类模板1：
The cartoon reveals a very thought-provoking scene.The artist purposefully exaggerates„„ .This picture reveals the in-depth problem of„„ .
In fact,„„ .There are two reasons for this.The first and perhaps most important is that„„ .The other reason is more serious from a practical point of view.„„ .It owes to„„ .
In my point of view, the trend goes quite against the genuine and original purpose of our„„ .What I want to emphasize by the above analysis is that,„„ .Therefore,„„ I strongly contend that„„ .文化交流类模板1：
It is a very eye-catching photo in which„„ .What makes this picture extraordinary is „„, which clearly indicates„„ .
The sense of that permeates this picture is representative of„„ , that is,„„ , and therefore，„„ .China， in particular，„„ .The effect of such communication can be best exemplified by „„.
While people belong to nations, cultures know no boundary.„„is not only featured by„„ ,but more importantly, by„„ .I firmly believe that is contributing, and will contribute more to the world’s peace, development, and prosperity.
文化交流类模板2：
What is presented here is a very interesting scenario„„ .From the subtitle we can infer that„„ .Conspicuously,„„ .
We can deduce from the picture that„„ .It partly owes to„„ , and partly to„„ .Except the case reflected in the picture, there are numerous evidence demonstrating„„ .For example,„„ .
From a personal point of view, I am delighted to witne „„.To sum up,„„ .As for China,„„ .Therefore,„„.I can firmly conclude that in the long run, cultural exchanges will contribute to a flourishing Chinese and global economy, as well as diversified cultures.人生价值类模板1：
As the old Chinese saying goes,„„ .It echoes with this picture in which„„ .The title of the picture further points out that„„ .
The picture is meant to„„ .As far as I am concerned, I think„„ .This universal truth can be particularly proved in the field of„„ , where„„ .
A brief survey of history about also demonstrates the fundamental importance of„„ .„„ , for example,„„ .The same principle applies to common people as well, and I am sure everybody can benefit from„„ .
家庭关系类模板2：
There is a popular Chinese song, named \"„„ \", which encourages„„ .However, the in the picture does but for a very different reason—„„ .From the facial expreion of we can read„„ .
Sadly as it is, this phenomenon does not occur rarely in today\'s society, for which are responsible.For one thing,„„ .For another,„„ .As a matter of fact, the boosting economic development in China sadly and ironically witnees a deterioration of„„ .
The above analysis is best exemplified by„„ .In my opinion, the awarene of is elementary for paving the way towards succe.
教育类模板2：
The picture shows„„ .symbolizes„„ .As is quoted in the picture,„„ .
It apparently mirrors an increasingly common social phenomenon in China— in contrast with„„ .One the one hand， the problem partially attributes to„„ .Sometimes„„ .On the other hand,„„ .For example,„„ ,while„„ .
In my opinion, the government needs to launch a reform in the education system with measures that can show immediate effect.proves to be most beneficial to students.Further, a large-scale reform in the macroeconomic level to is the basic solution of this iue.情感类模板1：
As is shown in the picture above,„„ .Obviously from we can surmise that „„ .
It goes without saying that the primary purpose of the picture lies in eulogizing the practice of „„ .As a matter of fact, it is not rare to find in our everyday life deeds of similar nature.For instance,„„ .Additionally, we can also hear many stories about „„ .Not to mention those moving cases of „„ .
All in all, I firmly believe that a harmonious society is based on a „„ .By „„, people not only harvest „„, but also gain that can never be purchased via money.
情感类模板2：
Just as is depicted in the picture.It is not difficult to find that in today’s society， more and more people begin to „„ .It is rather good news to „„ .
The picture reminds us that in China, due to ,„„ .Moreover, there are „„ .In addition， we should not forget „„.
„„is a good way to expre human love.To some extent, it also reflects individuals\' sense of social responsibility.It is also a feeling from deep heart that is beyond words and is difficult to obtain no matter how rich one is.Therefore, I strongly advocate that„„ .I am sure our society will hence be more beautiful because of„„ .考研英语大作文模板(展望未来型)：
With the rapid advances of _____________ in recent years, ___has____________(引出现象).However, _______ has________________, as____________(提出问题).As a result, _____has ____________________(指出影响). The effects ___________ has produced on____________ can be boiled down to two major ones.
First , __________________(影响一).More importantly, ________________(影响二).Hence, I believe that we will see a ____________(提出展望)/ Neverthele, I do not think we will see a ______(或反面展望)
There are numerous reasons why ____, and I would like to explore a few of the most important ones here.The first is that the more(比较级)_____, the more (比较级).In addition, we all agree that________________________(第二个原因)
社会热点类模板1：
The two pictures illustrate vividly „„.In the left picture „„,while in the right „„.
From the two pictures we can sense a crazy tendency of „„.Aside from „„,another telling example is „„,which was so succeful in that „„.The pictures also make it obvious that we should „„.
Admittedly,it is natural that „„.Neverthele,it is the responsibility of our government and society to „„.In my opinion,what’s the more important is to „„.In short,„„.
社会热点类模板2：
It goes without saying that this picture aims at revealing a current problem; „„.In this drawing,Even „„..
It seems to me that the artist is sending a meage about the importance of „„.Though the drawing is a little exaggerating,it is not rare for us to find in „„.If we let this situation of continues,it not only harms „„,but also prevents „„.
Accordingly,we urgently call for „„.Though the government has already taken pains to implement regulations,it still failz to „„.In my opinion,this problem should be urgently solved so as to protect benefits.I expect the government will put forward more effective propositions as soon as poible. 教育类模板1：
As the title indicates, “„„ ”, the set of pictures apparently reminds us that„„ .It is discernable that„„ .
The drawing virtually reminds its audience a widespread phenomenon existing negatively in the area of basic education in China, that is,„„ .That is to say,„„ .Such a practice is very harmful in terms of the following aspects.Firstly,„„ .Secondly,„„ .Last but not the least,„„ .
In my point of view,„„ , but it is only part of the picture.On the other hand,„„ .Therefore, it is an urgent task to„„ .As children are the future of our nation, creating a good environment for their upbringing means creating a bright and promising future for our nation.
考研英语大作文模板(图画作文)：
This illustration depicts_________ (图画中的人物)Ving, with______________(补充说明).Recently it has become common for people in many walks of life to_____________(进一步阐释)
It seems to me that the cartoonist is sending a meage about _______(图画主题), which is ______________(进一步的说明).He seems to be saying that_______________(给出细节).In my opinion, ___________(个人阐述).
This simple picture is a wake up call for ______(所涉群体，如the whole of the human race).Therefore, it is imperative for us to take drastic measures to put an end to _____________(问题所在).One the one hand, we must _________________(建议一).It is clear that the drawer of the illustration is urging us to _________(进一步说明).On the other hand, ________________(建议二) Only in this way can we___________(展望前景).考研英语大作文模板(图表作文)：
The chart gives us an overall picture of the ____________(图表主题).The first thing we notice is that_______________(图表最大特点).This means that as __________, _________________(进一步说明).
We can see from the statistics given that _______________(图表细节一).After ving_________(细节一中的第一个变化), the _____Ved+幅度+时间(紧跟着的变化).The figures also tells us that_________________________(图表细节二).(数据位置，如In the second column), we can see that ____________accounts for _______(进一步描述).
Judging from these figures, we can draw the conclusion that___________(结论).The reason for this, as far as I am concerned is that_____________(给出原因)./ It is high time that we Ved(发出倡议)
第18篇：考研英语作文开头写法大汇总!
http://www.daodoc.com/kaoyan/ 考研英语作文开头写法大汇总！
研究生考试中，英语作文是一个非常重要的部分。想要写好作文，不但要注意写法，还要注意总结。为了让2018年考生更高效地备考考研英语作文，这里文都网校考研整理了英语九大类型作文的开头，希望对2018年考生有所帮助。
做题步骤
第一步，做好审题工作，完成内容框架构思。考研英语作文的命题类型每年都有所不同，常见的有图画作文命题、图标作文命题、热点论述命题、简短故事命题等等形式，考生审题一定要理解请考研英语作文的写作要点,切勿偏离主题。
第二步，就是初稿写作过程了。一般的英语水准的考生，在此将会花费较多时间，但最好尽量控制在半个小时之内，毕竟考试时间也是很紧张的。应该注意的是要丰富好考研英语作文的大致提纲框架，每段按照一定的句数进行写作，同时在开头选好相对有气势的句子，内容上注意长短句的搭配，连接词的合适运用。另外一点也得注意，就是字迹一定要工整、优美。切勿仓促下笔，一路狂草。
最后就是进行加工润色了，使完成的这篇考研英语作文进一步的饱满、润和。写作完成后不要急于放松休息，以下的语言文字润饰工作可以让你的作品锦上添花，不留遗憾。浏览检查不可能推翻全部内容，因为时间有限，也为了保持卷面整洁，修改工作要以纠正明显的语法拼写错误为主。为了避免用语单调重复，也可将若干机械平淡的语言替换掉，实现语言的丰富多变。具体调整的内容主要留意主谓一致、名词单复数、时态一致、合理搭配，同时注意是否有拼写错误，这些得注意好了，避免细节上出现纰漏。
▶图表漫画类文章描述图表漫画句
From the cartoon we can see that_____。
http://www.daodoc.com/kaoyan/ We can see from the cartoon that_____。
As is indicated in the cartoon, _____。
▶引出暗含主题句
We can deduce from these two vivid drawings that_____。
What has been describe in the cartoon carries great implications for our life, esp.how to_____。
What it illustrates is a common phenomenon in today\"s society, and it conveys the symbolic meaning of_____。
▶引出漫画人画图目的句
What is the purpose of the drawer of this cartoon? In the first place,_____.In the second place,_____。
▶引出原因句
There are quite a few poible reasons suggested here.To begin with,_____.In the second place,_____.Finally,_____。
There are some poible reasons for this tendency.To begin with,_____.In the second place,_____.Finally,_____。
What caused the effect? There are at least two poible reasons.To begin with,_____.In the second place,_____。
▶引出对策句
http://www.daodoc.com/kaoyan/ It is, therefore, neceary that efforts should be made to cope with the problem as early as poible。
We should take immediate measures, for if the present situation continues as before, serious outcome will come up。
As far as I am concerned, my suggestions as to ___are as follows。
▶过渡句
It is clear that ___plays a important role in our life and work。
There may be some other reasons responsible for ___, but I think what has been mentioned above is generally acceptable。
This is my point of view as to how to___, and I am sure that my ideas are both sound and reasonable。
▶举例子
A case in point is my neighbor, who_____。
I\"d like to quote a further example here。
According to a recent survey made by profeor Wang, head of social department in Peking University, 90% of the people acro the country are suffering from the problem。
Another survey also shows that the trend is turning from bad to worse。
▶结论句
Only in this way can we_____。
http://www.daodoc.com/kaoyan/ ▶列举意义的短语
In the first place , ___.In the second place , ___.Last but not the least, ___。
To begin with , ___.Furthermore , ___.The most important of all, ___。
On the one hand, ___.On the other hand, ___.In addition, ___。
For one thing , ___.For another, ___.What’s more, ___。
First of all , ___.In the second place , ___.Conversely, ____。
考研学子想要了解更多考研资讯、复习资料与备考经验，可以搜索进入文都网校-考研频道查看更多内容。祝2018考研学子备考顺利，有志者终成硕士！
第19篇：考研英语大作文五大命题规律
2012考研英语大作文五大命题规律
历年的考研作文都是与当下结合非常紧密的题材，考生也都会按照相应的方法进行复习。那么，作为考研英语的最后一道题目，大作文也有自己的命题规律。万学海文英语考研辅导专家们根据多年的辅导经验总结出了以下五大规律，以供2012年的考研同学们进行参考。
1.关注热点。
2006年关注偶像崇拜现象，2009年关注网络问题，2011年的考察环保问题，都是大众或者是青年人关注的热点。在年底时可以从网络上搜集到本年份大事记，从而有侧重的准备相关词汇和句型。万学海文提醒2012年的考生注意：出题者为避免作文题目被猜中，往往可能会将热点延迟进行命题。所以考生在准备大作文的时候可以参考本年和前一年所发生的大事进行预测。
2.与大学英语
四、六级考试有关联。
2008年6月的CET6作文题目：《电子书是否可以替代传统书籍？》，2009年考研英语作文的题目是《网络的近与远》；2009年12月的CET6作文关注“参加各种艺术培训班”，2009年6月的CET4作文围绕着“博物馆”，2010年考研英语大作文题目是《文化火锅》，可见，考研大作文题目偶尔与四级考试的作文题目相关，常常与六级考试的作文题目相关，近期CET考试的作文题目为考生们提供了练笔、积累素材的好资源。
3.考题倾向于大型宏观话题。
2001年爱心，2003年成长，2005年家庭，2010年文化，2011年环保。试卷中给出的图片、图表只是表达局部或单个情况，入口小，话题大，命题从来不在细枝末节具体环节、或个别事件上做文章。社会积极面是命题主旨的趋向，考生需要以成熟主流的心态来思考问题的积极解决方案、在图画寓意中发现哲理。
4.避开政治和敏感话题
为避免过多的争议，政治话题因其观点难以达成普遍共识，是非曲直难以一时断定，不适合成为考题。敏感性话题同样也不适合成为考研英语的作文题目。
5.命题中的“和谐社会”倾向
围绕主流思想和时代背景，考研作文命题团队已经逐渐形成了以“和谐社会”为核心的命题思路和模式。可以用和谐的三个不同层次对“和谐社会”倾向下的作文话题进行划分：和谐发展之——个体，和谐发展之——个人、他人与社会，和谐发展之——人与自然。密切关注此类话题，掌握与“和谐”相关语词备考，是考生备考的当务之急。
第20篇：考研英语一小作文大作文(介绍旅游景点)
2017年考研英语一小作文（介绍旅游景点）
以下范文，仅供参考，使用请注明出处。 @陈曲Frank 要求：You are to write an email to James Cook,a newly-arrived Australia profeor,recommending some tourist attraction in your city .Please give reason for your recommendation.
You should write nearly on the answer/sheet.
Dot not sign your own name at the end of the email .use \"li ming\"instead Do not write the addre. 范文： Dear James， It has been a long time before we last met.How are you doing? I am writing this letter for the purpose of inviting you to my hometown Beijing for a visit.The reasons for my recommendation areas follows.To begin with, Beijing is an ancient city with a long history.Itwas the capital of China for several dynasties over a long period and tends to playan extremely important role in education, culture and politics.Furthermore, aswe exist in a dynamic world with various new changes, Beijing now evolves intoa more beautiful city.There are many places of interests here in Beijing, suchas the Summer Palace, the Imperial Palace and the Great Wall.If you are interested, please feel freeto contact me at your earliest convenience.Yours sincerely Li Ming
2017年考研英语一大作文题目
要求：Write an eay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures.In the eay.You should
1) describe the pictures briefly.
2) interpret the meaning,and
3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. 范文：
This set of pictures capture two vivid but quite different scenes.In one picture, a man is lying on the armchair, pointing to the bookshelf full of books in front of him.He is proudly bragging about the number of his books.By stark contrast, another man is sitting at his desk with a book open and a few books besides him.He wants to read twenty books this year.The major theme is humorously reflected in the subtitle: “I have books” and “I read books”.In fact, the seemingly simple cartoons subtly disclose a prevailing phenomenon.Nowadays, fewer people read books and more people have books.Reading is of utmost importance for one’s life.Firstly, a good book is our faithful friend.Reading can increase our contentment when we are cheerful and happy,and can leen our pain when we are sad or lonely.Secondly, reading can help people to relax and unwind.Few of us can travel far from home, but all of us can savor a wide range of experiences through reading.Besides, reading can also increase our knowledge and skills, broaden our horizons and make us wise.To advocate the importance of reading books, the ma media should be held accountable.They should make relevant public campaign to promote the idea that read more books rather than have books.As the saying goes, “action speaks louder than words”.By 有道考研
