会议口译范文

2022-08-23 来源:其他范文收藏下载本文

推荐第1篇:会议口译材料

医保法令维权年老公民

Forty-five years ago, we made a solemn compact as a nation that senior citizens would not go without the health care they need. This is the promise we made when Medicare was born.And it’s the responsibility of each generation to keep that promise.

四十五年前,我们郑重许诺要让我们国家的每一个年老公民获得应有的医疗保健。这是医疗保险诞生之初我们许下的诺言。也是每代人信守承诺的责任

That’s why a report iued this week by the Trus/tees who oversee Medicare was such good news.According to this report, the steps we took this year to reform the health care system have put Medicare on a sounder financial footing. Reform has actually added at least a dozen years to the /solvency [\'sɒlvənsɪ] of Medicare – the single longest extension in history – while helping to preserve Medicare for generations to come.这也是为什么本周由医保监管第三方发布的报告是个好消息的原因。根据这份报告,今年以来我们在医疗保险系统所采取的一系列改革措施使得医疗保险获得了更加坚实的财政基础。改革实际增加了至少12年的医保偿付能力——这是历史上最长的单次延长——将为即将到来的数代人提供医疗保险。

We’ve made Medicare more /solvent by going after waste, fraud, and abuse – not by changing seniors’ guaranteed benefits. In fact, seniors are starting to see that because of health reform,their benefits are getting better all the time.在经历了浪费,欺诈和滥用之后,我们使得医保更有偿付能力——不是通过调整老人们已有的利益。实际上,通过医疗改革,一直以来,老人们获得了越来越好的医疗保健。

Seniors who fall into the ―doughnut hole很多医疗保险针对处方药所提供的补贴覆盖不到的部分‖ – the gap in Medicare Part D drug coverage [\'kʌv(ə)rɪdʒ保险范围] – are eligible [\'elɪdʒɪb(ə)l] 合格 right now for a $250( two hundred and fifty dollar) rebate [\'riːbeɪt] to help cover the cost of their pres/criptions.[prɪ\'skrɪpʃən]处方药

Now, I know for people facing drug costs far higher than that, they need more help. That’s why we negotiated谈判 a better deal with the pharmaceutical [,fɑːmə\'suːtɪk(ə)l制药 companies for seniors. So starting next year, if you fall in the doughnut hole, you’ll get a 50-percent discount on the brand-name medicine you need. And in the coming years, this law will close the doughnut hole completely once and for all.

陷入―甜甜圈漏洞‖——联邦医疗保险制度第四部分的处方药保险缺口——的老人们现在将有资格获得250美元的贴现以补偿他们在处方药上的支出。现在,我知道人民面对着远比这高 的药物支出,他们需要更多的帮助。这也是为什么我们为了老人们而与制药公司谈判以获得更好交易的原因。因此,从明年开始,如果你陷入甜甜圈漏洞,你将在你所需要的品牌药品上获得50%的折扣。在未来几年,该法律将一劳永逸的完全堵上这个甜甜圈漏洞。

Already, we have put insurance companies on notice that we have the authority to review and reject unreasonable rate increases for Medicare Advantage plans. And we’ve made it clear to the in/surers that we won’t hesitate to use this authority to protect seniors.我们已经告诫保险公司,我们有权审查和否决针对老人医疗保险优惠计划的不合理的费率调整。而且我们明确的告诉保险公司我们在保护老年人行使该项权力上绝不会犹豫。

Beginning next year, pre/ventive care – including annual physicals, wellne exams, and tests like mammograms [\'mæməgræm] – will be free for seniors as well. That will make it easier for folks to stay healthy. But it will also mean that doctors can catch things earlier, so treatment may be le in/vasive and le expensive.从明年开始,预防保健——包括年度体检,身体检查,以及像乳房X射线检查之类的测试——也将对老年人免费。这将让人们更容易保持身体健康。但这同时也意味着医生们能更早发现苗头,而治疗也将具有更小的危害性花费也更便宜。

And as reform ramps up in the coming years, we expect seniors to save an average of $200 per year in premiums [\'priːmɪəm]保险费 and more than $200 each year in out of pocket costs, too.在未来数年,随着改革的进一步推进,我们希望老人们每人每年能节省200美元的保险支出和200美元的自掏腰包支出。

This is poible in part through reforms that target waste and abuse and redirect those resources to where they’re supposed to go: our seniors.We’re already on track to cut improper payments in half – including money that goes to criminals who steal taxpayer dollars by setting up insurance scams and other frauds. And we won’t stop there. Because by preventing the lo of these tax dollars, we can both addre the runaway costs of Medicare and improve the quality of care seniors receive – and we can crack down on those who prey on seniors and take advantage of people.

通过针对浪费和滥用以及重现配置这些资源到应该使用的地方:面向我们的老人,这是可以实现的。我们已经走上正轨,砍掉了一半的不合理支出——包括流向罪犯的钱,他们通过设计保险骗局和其他欺诈手段窃取纳税人钱财。我们不会在此止步。因为通过阻止这类的税金损失,我们不仅可以控制医疗保险的成本失控,而且可以改善老人们获得的保险的质量——我们将严厉打击那些掠食老人利益和占人民小便宜的人。

So we are no longer accepting busine as usual.We’re making tough艰难 decisions to meet the challenges of our time.And as a result, Medicare is stronger and more secure. That’s important.

Because Medicare isn’t just a program, it’s a com/mitment to America’s seniors – that after working your whole life, you’ve earned the security of quality health care you can afford. As long as I am President, that’s a com/mitment this country is going to keep.Thank you.

因此我们再也不会像往常一样接受现状。我们将做出艰难的决定来面对我们的挑战。作为结局,医疗保险制度将变得更加坚实更加安全。这很重要。因为医疗保险不仅仅是一项计划。这是对美国老年人的承诺——在你一生的努力工作之后,你应该享有你所能负担的安宁和高质量的医疗保健。只要我还是总统,国家将继续践行这项诺言。 谢谢大家!

中国的新型农村合作医疗制度发展 国务院新闻办公室新闻发布会材料二

Material for the pre conference of the State Council Information Office II

The Development of

China\'s New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme [skiːm]

2012年是新农合制度实施十周年。十年来,在各级党委、政府的高度重视和正确领导下,有关部门通力合作,农民群众积极参与,新农合制度建设扎实推进,取得了显著成效。

2012 marks the tenth anniversary of the implementation [ɪmplɪmen\'teɪʃ(ə)n]实施 of the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme (NRCMS).Over the past decade, with Party Com/mittees and governments at all levels attaching great importance to NRCMS and under their strong leadership, relevant departments have given full cooperation and farmers have actively participated in the scheme.Therefore, NRCMS has made solid progre and remarkable achievements.一是实现全面覆盖,参合率稳定在较高水平。新农合制度自2003年开始试点,到2008年实现了全面覆盖,参合人口数从试点初期的0.8亿,逐年稳步增长,截至2012年6月底,参合人口达到8.12亿人,参合率达到95%以上。

First, NRCMS has almost realized universal coverage with the participation remaining stable at a high level.Since the pilot programs in 2003, NRCMS achieved a comprehensive coverage in 2008.The participation number has grown steadily every year, from 80 million in the early stage of the pilot programs to 812 million by the end of June 2012, with over 95% of the targeted population covered.

二是筹资水平不断提高,保障能力逐步增强。新农合人均筹资水平由2003年的30元提高到2011年的250元。2011年,有13.15亿人次从新农合受益,次均住院补偿额为1894元。2012年,新农合政策范围内住院费用报销比例进一步提高到75%左右,最高支付限额提高到全国农民人均纯收入的8倍以上,且不低于6万。

Second, the financing continues to grow and the protection level improves gradually.The per capita

[\'kæpɪtə] cost of the insurance package increased from 30 yuan in 2003 to 250 yuan in 2011.In 2011, 1.315 billion person-times benefited from NRCMS with average hospitali/zation住院治疗 compen/sation补偿 amounting to 1,894 yuan.In 2012, the reimbursement [,ri:ɪm\'bɜ:smənt]

报销for hospitali/zation costs will reach around 75%, with an annual payment ceiling上限 of no le than 8 times of farmer’s per /capita net income (no le than 60,000 yuan).

三是确立了较为完善的符合中国国情的制度框架和运行机制。新农合建立了由政府领导,卫生部门主管,相关部门配合,经办机构运作,医疗机构服务,农民群众参与、费用补偿公开的管理运行机制;明确了以家庭为单位自愿参加,个人缴费、集体扶持和政府资助相结合的筹资机制;形成了以住院大额费用补偿为主,并逐步向门诊统筹扩展的统筹补偿模式,2011年在90%以上的地区开展了门诊统筹,参合农民受益范围更加广泛;建立了参合农民在统筹区域内自主就医、即时结报的补偿办法,2011年,已有超过2/3的省(区、市)实现新农合省市级定点医疗机构即时结报;建立了基金封闭运行机制和多方参与的监管机制;深入推进支付方式改革,2011年已有超过80%的地区开展了不同形式的支付方式改革,新农合制度合理有效控制医药费用的作用开始显现;积极推进商业保险机构参与经办新农合服务工作,探索―管办分开、政事分开‖的新农合管理运行机制。

Third, a comprehensive institutional framework and operational /mechanism [\'mek(ə)nɪz(ə)m机制] is established in line with China\'s national conditions, i.e.led by the government; in the charge of health departments; supported by relevant sectors; operated by the insurance agencies; with services provided by the health institutions; participated by farmers and trans/parent透明 reimbursement[,ri:ɪm\'bɜ:smənt]

报销of the medial costs.NRCMS is co-financed by individual contributions, farmers’ cooperatives and both central and local governments, with families participating on a voluntary basis.The coordinated compensation focuses on reimbursement[,ri:ɪm\'bɜ:smənt]

报销for hospitalization costs and gradually expands to out-patient care.In 2011, over 90% of areas carried out out-patient compen/sation which benefited the farmers in a wider range.The insured farmers can choose independently the designated hospitals for treatment and get real-time reimbursement[,ri:ɪm\'bɜ:smənt]

报销.In 2011, over 2/3 of provinces (autonomous[ɔː\'tɒnəməs]

regions自治区 or municipalities[mjʊ,nɪsɪ\'pælɪtɪ] 直辖市) adopted real-time reimbursement[,ri:ɪm\'bɜ:smənt] 报销in their /designated制定 provincial and municipal [mjʊ\'nɪsɪp(ə)l] hospitals市医院.The funds are operated in closed-end mechanism [\'mek(ə)nɪz(ə)m机制]and supervised by multi-sectors.In 2011, over 80% of areas carried out various payment reforms, which supported NRCMS to effectively control the medical costs.Commercial insurance agencies are encouraged to involve in the operation of NRCMS, which explores the operational mechanism of ―separating supervision from operation, and separating government administration from medical institutions‖.

今后一个阶段,结合中央深化医改的总体部署,我们将重点推进以下几方面的工作:

In the next stage,/ integrating整合 with the overall arrangements for deepening the reform by the central government, we will pre ahead in the following aspects: 一是稳步提高新农合筹资标准,2012年新农合人均筹资水平将达到300元左右,到2015年,新农合政府补助标准将提高到每人每年360元以上,个人缴费标准适当提高,并逐步探索建立与经济发展水平相适应的筹资机制。

First, the financing for NRCMS should grow in a steady pace.The fund pooled per /capita will reach 300 yuan by 2012.By 2015, government subsidies will reach 360 yuan per person per year.The individual contribution will grow as appropriate.A financing mechanism that suits the economic development in China will be gradually established.二是加强新农合精细化管理,严格基金使用管理,加强对定点医疗机构的监管;全面推行新农合省市级定点医疗机构和村卫生室的即时结报工作,逐步推行省外异地结报;加快新农合信息化建设,结合居民健康卡的发放,快速推进―一卡通‖试点工作;加强新农合与医疗救助等相关信息系统的互联互通,推行―一站式‖即时结算服务。

Second, the NRCMS should be meticulously[mə\'tɪkjələs]精细化

managed, including strict utili/zation of the funds and enhancing supervision on designated hospitals.Real-time reimbursement[,ri:ɪm\'bɜ:smənt]

报销should be established in designated provincial and municipal hospitals as well as village clinics acro the country.Reimbursement [,ri:ɪm\'bɜ:smənt]

报销for medical costs outside of one’s registered province should be gradually realized.The information engineering of NRCMS should be accelerated, in combination with distributing the health cards for the residents, in order to pre ahead the all-in-one-card pilot program.The information systems of NRCMS and related schemes such as the medical aistance scheme should be better synchronized[\'sɪŋkrənaɪz]同步的 , to provide one-stop real-time compensation service.

三是推进提高重大疾病医疗保障水平试点工作,将儿童白血病、肺癌等20种疾病纳入保障范围。贯彻落实六部委《关于开展城乡居民大病保险工作的指导意见》,做好大病保险与新农合大病保障工作的衔接,优先将这20种重大疾病纳入大病保险范围。

Third, the pilot program of compensation for major diseases should be promoted, including 20 diseases such as child leukemia[lʊ\'kimɪə] 白血病, lung cancer etc.The Guiding Opinions on the Supplementary Insurance of Major Diseases for Urban and Rural Residents collectively iued by six ministries should be implemented.Supplementary Insurance should be well connected with NRCMS policy on the benefits for major diseases and should cover the mentioned 20 major diseases as preference.四是加快推进新农合支付方式改革,用总额预付、按病种、按单元、按人头等支付方式替代按项目付费,控制费用,规范医疗服务行为,提高基金绩效。

Fourth, NRCMS payment reforms should be accelerated, in terms of using pre-payment of total medical cost, disease-based payment, service unit-based payment and capitation to replace fee-for-service.The reforms aim to control medical costs, modify health service behaviors and enhance fund performance.

五是加快推进委托有资质的商业保险机构参与新农合经办服务工作,扩大商业保险机构经办新农合的规模,建立新农合管理、经办、监管相对分离的管理运行机制。

Fifth, the engagement of entrusted qualified commercial insurance agencies in the operation of NRCMS should be accelerated; so as to establish an operational mechanism [\'mek(ə)nɪz(ə)m机制] that to some degree separates the management, operation and supervision of NRCMS.六是认真总结新农合制度实施10年来的经验,推动《新农合管理条例》及早出台,尽快将新农合纳入法制化管理轨道。

Sixth, the experience of the last decade should be diligently studied to facilitate the formulation of the Regulations on Administration of New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme.The administration of NRCMS should be legislated as soon as poible.实践证明,新农合制度符合农村实际,是现阶段农村居民基本医疗保障制度的重要实现形式。十年来,新农合制度从无到有,由小到大,对保障农民健康发挥了重要作用。作为新农合制度的主管部门,卫生部门将会同有关部门继续扎实推动新农合制度发展,促进农村居民健康水平稳步提高。

It has been proven that NRCMS, a suitable mechanism for rural China, is an important crystallization of basic medical insurance system for rural residents in current circumstances.In the last decade, NRCMS has grown up from a new born baby and is now playing a vital role for the health of the rural residents.As the competent authority of NRCMS, the Ministry of Health will collaborate with other related ministries to continue to promote its development and steadily improve rural residents’ health status.

推荐第2篇:口译模拟会议

(说的时候PPT显示的是去年欧洲销售量的图表)

Z: According to the sales volume last year of M8 in America and consumer’s feedback , our company, ZWZ, prepares to tap Chinese market this year.In order to playing to Chinese market’s demands, we have changed a little in the car.NOW, let me introduce the details.

T: 根据去年M8在美国市场的销量和客户的反馈,我们ZWZ公司准备在今年开发中国市场。为了迎合中国市场的需求,我们对车子进行了一些改动。现在,我来详细说明。 Z:there is no change on the exterior design.but some adjustments in the interior.New M8 is astonishingly roomy with individual-style seats and spacious trunk.It is ideal for everyone use and just more luxurious than other automobiles.

T: 外部设计没有变化,内部设计有些许改动。新的M8有着宽敞的空间,设立了担任座椅和宽大的后备箱。它展示了自身的日常实用性,只是比其他汽车更加华丽而已。 Z: Driving dynamics isn’t changed but M8 offers you four additional extended DSC functions.

T: 动态驱动力分配系统没有变,但是M8提供了4项附加的动态稳定控制系统扩展功能。

Z: 1.Brake stand-by reduces stopping distances in an emergency.

2.Brake drying enhances brake response in wet conditions.

3.The hill-start aistant for setting off comfortably on slopes, without rolling backwards.

4.Fading compensation allows consistent braking performance even when the brakes have

heated up.

T: 1.制动待命能够缩短紧急情况下的制动距离

2.制动干燥能够增强湿滑情况下的制动响应

3. 上坡起辅助课确保在斜坡上舒适起步,而不会溜车

4. 制动衰减补偿可在制动器过热时保持恒定的制动力

(图片见网上那个价格那张)

Z: Price will be changed to the number in the picture.

T:价格会变动到图上的价格

Z: So this is the details of new M8.Because the old CEO in China has retired, we need new CEO in china.Please welcome our two candidates.

T: 所以这是新M8的所有细节。因为旧的中国区总裁退休了,所以我们需呀新的中国区总裁。让我们欢迎我们两位候选人。

中国人

尹彤:我是海外销售代表,我这五年一直负责美国地区市场,我的表现是有目共睹的。我具备组织市场活动和督导员工的能力,并具有效的交际能力和公关技巧。去年,我带领一支优秀的团队创造了全美的最高销售记录,我经验十足。

陈仲伟::I\'m the Overseas Sales Representative.I have been responsible for the markets in the United States for five years , my performance is widely recognized.I have abilities to organize marketing campaigns and to super-vise employees as well as the Effective communication abilities and public relations skills.Last year I led a excellent team to create the highest sales record in the whole of America.So I am very

experienced.

尹彤:除此以外,正如你们所见,我是一名中国人,我在中国成长,我的根基在中国,所以我完全了解中国市场的需求。

陈仲伟:Apart from this, you know, I am Chinese, I grew up in china, I was rooted in china.so I fully understand the needs of Chinese market .

尹彤:最后一点非常重要,我有广大的渠道和客户资源,没有人比我更了解中国市场。ZWZ在中国有很大潜力,我们公司制定占领中国市场的宏伟目标,我相信我就是实现这一宏图大志的最佳人选。

陈仲伟:The last is very important.I have abundant channels and customers resources in china.There is no one familiar with Chinese market than me.ZWZ in China has enormous potentials.Our company set their ambitious plans in motion to take a share of the Chinese market.I think I am the right man to realize the big ambition.

姜鹏:提问:we are indeed impreed with your talents in sales, the huge succe in last years M8 marketing was seen by me and all the broad.however, compared to your outstanding marketing talents ,your experiences in management seems not enough.朱叶:我们确实对您在销售方面的才能印象深刻,我以及董事会目睹了去年M8销售的巨大成功,和你卓越的营销才能相比,你在管理上的经验似乎不足。

姜鹏:by contrast, you are a bit older than the other candidate , And we afraid that your ideas will be out of date and you will follow the beaten track因循守旧。

朱叶:相较之下,你的年龄比另一个候选人要大很多。我们担心你的思想不够新潮,你会因循守旧。

尹彤:对于第一个问题,我必须澄清,我在美国获得了企管硕士学位,在我进入ZWZ之前,我在嘉能可国际公司担当人事部管理经理,所以我完全可以胜任大中华地区的执行CEO

陈仲伟:回答:for the first question, I must clarity that I got my MBA in the United States, before I entered ZWZ, I worked as manager of personal department in AG.嘉能可国际公司so I am completely qualified with CEO in greater china.

尹彤:回答第二个问题,我想要引用永远中国一句古谚:酒存放年代越久越香,判断力随年龄而增长。我为我的年龄而自豪,因为这以为着我经历的更多,懂得的更多,我的创造力不会因为我的年龄而削减。

陈仲伟:To answer the second.I want to cite an old saying in china.” Wine and judgement mature with age.” I am pride of my age ,because it means I suffer more and understand more.My creativity will not be whittled down by age.

外国人

王红:Ladies and gentlemen, it is a great pleasure to have you all to this conference to witne the election of our new company CEO of the Great China region,and I’m honored to be one of the candidates.

朱叶:女士们,先生们,欢迎你们参加此次会议来见证大中华区新任执行总裁的选拔,并且我也很荣幸成为候选人之一。

王红:I graduated from Harverd University in 1990 with a bachelor's degree in management with major in marketing.Right after graduation I started working for our company in the sales department.Between 1998-2005, I was appointed as the CEO of European region to develop our overseas market.Upon returning from abroad, I began

to aume the position of executive manager of the management department and has remained in that position until now.

朱叶:我于1990年以市场学的管理学学士学位毕业于哈佛大学。毕业后不久,我就进入本公司市场部工作。在1998-2005年期间,我被任命为欧洲区执行总裁去开发海外市场。从国外回来后,我开始担任管理部门的主管直至现在。

王红:I’m very aggreive in busine, but at the same time, a good wife and a caring mother of three children.Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for your listening !

朱叶:我在工作上很有野心,同时也是一个好妻子以及三个孩子的贴心的母亲。感谢各位的聆听!

陈一峰问:我不否认您在国外分公司积累的丰富管理经验以及您在管理方面的专业背景,但是,您对中国文化可能没有那么了解。此外,沟通问题也很难解决吧。

陈仲伟:I can’t deny your work experience in management in a foreign branch of our company and your educational background specialized in management.However,you are not so familiar with the Chinese culture .In addition, communication problem will also be difficult to be handled.

王红:our company has just started out in overseas markets, Even if I am not acquainted with the Chinese culture,I can learn it from others.As to communication problem,I believe my interpreter is an excellent one.

朱叶答:我们公司刚刚开拓海外市场,即使我对中国文化没那么了解,我也可以从他人的建议中学习。至于沟通问题,我相信我优秀的翻译。

陈一峰问:您刚刚提及您的家庭。这突显了一个问题,如果您接管了中国分公司,您的家庭怎么办?那会不会影响您成为一个称职的母亲?

陈仲伟:You have talked about your family above.There exists a question.If you take charge of the Chinese branch,how about your family.Will that restraint you from being a competent mother?

王红: At the moment I decide to compete for this position, I have given careful consideration to this problem.Thanks to the development of modern technology,I can talk with my family members through the Internet.Besides,I can fly back by plane from time to time.

朱叶:当我决定要竞争这个职位时,我已经好好考虑过这个问题。感谢当代的科技发展,我可以和家人通过网络交流,此外,我也可以时不时的乘飞机回来看看。

Z: Now let’s start to vote.

T: 让我们开始投票。

Z: OK.The conference is over.I will show the result on our company’s website and the new CEO will be responsible for Chinese region.Thank you!

T: 好了,会议结束了。结果我会公布在公司的网站上,新的CEO将会负责大中华地区。谢谢!

准备:名牌,投票箱,照片,奥迪双钻。

推荐第3篇:口译会议套语

尊敬的各位来宾,女士们,先生们,朋友们

Distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen, friends,

尊敬的主席

Respected Mr.Chairman

各位国会议员,贵宾们,同胞们:

Members of Congre, distinguished guests and fellow citizens:

尊敬的阁下

Respected Your Excellency

首先,我代表中国政府,并以我个人的名义,向大家表示热烈的欢迎!

On behalf of the Chinese government and people as well as in my own name, I would like first to extend a warm welcome to you all.

首先请允许我感谢东道主的精心安排与热情好客。

Permit me to first of all to thank you, our host, for your extraordinary arrangements and hospitality.

我谨代表公司的全体同仁,感谢各位从百忙之中拨冗光临我们的新春联欢晚会

On behalf of all my colleagues of the company, I wish to thank you all for your taking time off your busy schedule to come to our New Year’s Party.

我谨代表我们一行的全体成员,感谢主席先生的盛情邀请

On behalf of all the members of my group, I’d like to thank you, Mr.Chairman, for your gracious invitation.

首先,请允许我代表研讨会的筹委会,向参加今天开幕式的市政府领导,社会团体的领导,社区工作者协会的代表,以及社会各界的来宾,表示热烈的欢迎

First of all, permit me, on behalf of the organizing committee of the symposium, to extend our warm welcome to the leaders of the Municipal Government, leaders of social organizations, representatives of the Community Social Worker’s Aociation and guests from various circles.

今晚我们请到了从伦敦远道而来的贵宾与我们一起共度中秋佳节,我为此而深感自豪与荣幸

I feel very proud and honored tonight to have the attendance of the distinguished guests, who came here all the way from London to join us in our celebration of the Mid-Autumn Festival.

现在我宣布****会议现在开幕

May I hereby declare open *****meeting.

请允许我对****会议取得成功表示热烈的祝贺

First of all, please allow me to offer warm congratulations on the succe of the ****meeting .

让我们共同举杯……

Let’s raise our glaes to……

我提议……

I would like to propose a toast to ……

请允许我……

Please allow me to ……

我提议为我们之间的友谊干杯

Allow me to raise the gla to our friendship

祝愿您健康

To your good health

祝您幸福

To your happine

愿您年年有今日,岁岁有今朝

Wish every morning you wake up like this day and happine come along to you in the following years.

最后我预祝研讨会圆满成功,祝愿来自海外的专家学者和全国各地的朋友们在上海生活愉快

In conclusion, I wish the symposium a complete succe.I wish our overseas experts and scholars, and Chinese friends from various parts of the country a pleasant stay in Shanghai.

让我们为本届会议的圆满成功结束而共同努力

Let’s work together for a succeful conclusion of this meeting.

我相信,在各位朋友的努力下,我们的研讨会一定能取得丰硕的成果

I believe that our symposium is bound for abundant accomplishment through your hard work.

女士们,先生们,我再次感谢各位嘉宾的光临。最后,我祝愿各位新年身体健康、万事如意

Ladies and gentlemen, I’d like to thank you again for coming to the party.And I wish everyone of you good health and the very best of luck in everything in the new year.

让我们在这年终岁末之际,祝贺这喜庆佳节

I’d like to toast with you to this happy occasion at the end of the year.

我为有幸参加这次精彩的聚会,再次向您深表谢意

Thank you very much again for this wonderful party.转自:育路翻译考试网

推荐第4篇:会议致辞 二级口译

Thank you , Lord Hurd, for your kind words .It is an honor and plesaure to be here .When I left Bruels yesterday, it was 12 degree celsius and hailing .Here , it was 25 degree and sunny.Speaking of climate change, I don’t understand why you British are always complaining about the weahter.I confe I am a little intimitated, LordHurd , at being moderated by a veteran statesman of your distinction.

When I first accepted the gracious invitation to addre this institute, I was especially excited about the prospect of speaking under the Chatham House Rule.I understand the rule means the audience is free to use the information received at the meeting, but may not reveal the identity of the speaker , nor his affiliation.I thought to myself , now there is a rule we should apply from time to time at the United Nations.I could get my meage acro,but keep a low profile at the same time .And conversely, those interested in grand-standing would have one le opportunity to do so .But it was not to be .Having understood that this event is on the record, I will have to wait for another occasion to experience the Chatham House Rule at first hand.

Mr.Niblett,Director of Chatham House,

Excellencies,

Ladies and gentlemen,

It is truly a privilege to join such a distinguished group of experts and scholars, diplomatsand opinion-makers, politicians and not

least ,representatives of civil society---key partners of the United Nations In shaping both policy and practice.

They say the United Nations has a way of getting caught in the crofire between its uncritical lovers and unloving critics.Here at Chatham House, I feel surrounded by true friends---those best defined as loving critics or even critical lovers: well-informed allies of the UN, unwavering but by no means unquestioning supporters.

Since the foundation of the UN, the UK has been a cornerstone of our suppor base.It may have been in San Francisco that the United Ntions Charter was signed in 1945; that but it was here in London , the follwing year ,that the UN saw the light of day as a working orgnization.

Juston the other side of St ,James’s Park, in Centural Hall Westminster, the General Aembly met for the first time.Acro the street from there , in Church House, the Security Council came into being .it was at westminster, as London was rising from the ravages of world war 2 , that my first predeceor as Secretary-General ,Trygve Lie, was installed.He replaced the acting Secretary-General , who was a none other than the distinguished UK dimplomat, sir Gladwyn Jebb.

Already in the 1950s, Sir Gladwyn---who by then had become the UK Ambaador to the UN—was shrewd enough to spot the uncritical lovers versus the unloving critics.He did so by studying the newspaper cartoons of the day.

At one extreme of the cartoon spectrum, the UN was portayed as an angelic figure, but not a terribly intelligent-looking one .She was sometimes labeled ― peace‖, and usually being aulted by a brutal and uniformed aggreor.At the other extreme , the UN was a bald and middle-aged gentleman of dubious and obviously foreign appearance, wearing a top hat and long coat.He would be plotting with another gentleman of the same type over a green baize table.So one caricature suggested and idealistic international authority, constantly thwarted by wicked maneuvers of politicians; the other an evil international plot against sovereignty.

Today , when people look back on those early years of the UN, they think of the promise the Organization held.They think of the idealism and unity that inspired the San Francisco Conference, and the signing of the Charter.They think of the creation of landmark documents, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.They think of the courageous pioneers who joined and shaped the Organization in its fledgling years.

In my country , too , those early years were aociated with a steadfast sense of faith in the UN.As I was growing up in a war-torn and destitute Korea, the UN stood by my peoplein our darkest hour.The UN gave us hope and sustenance.Its flag was a beacon of better days to come.And in the course of my own lifetime, with the aitance of the UN, THE Republic of Korea was able to rebuild itself from a country torn

apart by war , with a non-existent economy, into a reginoal economic power and major contributor to the Organization.That support helped me make the journey to this podium today .For that, I am deeply thankful.

Since then , the UN –and the world as a whole –has come to appear much complicated.So have the challenges confronting our Organization.The perception of us is no longer so black and white, and tends now to be drawn in various shades of gray .But if you are an optimist ,as I am , you will paint the UN in brighter colors.You will know that our world of complex and global challenges is exactly the environment in which our UN shoulf thrive –because these are challenges that no country can resolve on its own.It is a world in which the UN can, and must, grow and take on new roles, develop and deliver on new fronts.

Thank u very much

推荐第5篇:政治会议口译训练教案

Short-term Memory 张璐翻译视频

(Warming-up.For the 1st time, Ss will appreciate the video.For the 2st, they have to list at least one interpretation.) 1.合则两利,斗则俱伤。

A peaceful and harmonious bilateral relationship between these two countries will make both winners.While a confrontational one will make both losers.

2.行百里者半九十。

Half of the people who have embarked on a one thousand mile journey may fall by the wayside.

3.华山再高,顶有过路。

No matter how high the mountain is, one can always ascend to its tops.

4.我深深爱着我的国家,没有一片土地让这样深情和激动,没有一条河流让我这样沉思和祈福。

I have deep love for this country.I love every inch of its land.Love every river that flows on this piece of earth with deep paion and deep affection.

5.于心之所善兮,而虽九死其犹未悔。

For the ideal that I hold to my heart, I will not regret a thousand depth to die.

6.人或加讪,心无疵兮。

My conscience stays untainted in spite of the rumors and slanders from the outside.

7.兄弟虽有小忿,不废懿亲。

Differences between brothers cannot sever their blood ties.

8.不畏浮云遮望眼,只缘身在最高层。

As a Chinese poem reads, we have no fear of the clouds that may block our sights as we are already at the top of the height.

9.入则恳恳以尽忠,出则谦谦以自悔。

When one is in his office, he should charge his duty conscientiously.When leaving office, he should conduct himself with humanity and exercise self-reflection.

10.我秉承苟以国家生死以,岂因祸福避趋之的信念.I shall dedicate myself to the interests of the country in life and death irrespective of personal will and world.

11.知我罪我,其惟春秋。

There are people who will appreciate what I have done but there are also people who will criticize me.Ultimately, the history will have final say.

12.守职而不废,处义而不回。

In my last year in office, I will not waver and carrying out my duties and will remain true to my conviction.I will always be with the people.

政府工作报告—— 2017年3月5日在第十二届全国人民代表大会第五次会议上 国务院总理李克强

(Ss’ pair work.For the 1st time, Ss have to memorize the details without taking notes.They can discu with their partners for one minutes, then retell it in the source language.For the 2st, induvial retelling.After the second time, they have to retell it immediately.) 1.2016年工作回顾。过去一年,我国发展面临国内外诸多矛盾叠加、风险隐患交汇的严峻挑战。在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下,全国各族人民迎难而上,砥砺前行,推动经济社会持续健康发展。党的十八届六中全会正式明确习近平总书记的核心地位,体现了党和人民的根本利益,对保证党和国家兴旺发达、长治久安,具有十分重大而深远的意义。

2.经济运行缓中趋稳、稳中向好。国内生产总值达到74.4万亿元,增长6.7%,名列世界前茅,对全球经济增长的贡献率超过30%。居民消费价格上涨2%。工业企业利润由上年下降2.3%转为增长8.5%,单位国内生产总值能耗下降5%,经济发展的质量和效益明显提高。 3.就业增长超出预期。全年城镇新增就业1314万人。高校毕业生就业创业人数再创新高。年末城镇登记失业率4.02%,为多年来最低。13亿多人口的发展中大国,就业比较充分,十分不易。

4.经济结构加快调整。消费在经济增长中发挥主要拉动作用。服务业增加值占国内生产总值比重上升到51.6%。高技术产业、装备制造业较快增长。农业稳中调优,粮食再获丰收。

5.基础设施支撑能力持续提升。高速铁路投产里程超过1900公里,新建改建高速公路6700多公里、农村公路29万公里。城市轨道交通、地下综合管廊建设加快。新开工重大水利工程21项。新增第四代移动通信用户3.4亿、光缆线路550多万公里。

6.回顾过去一年,走过的路很不寻常。我们面对的是世界经济和贸易增速7年来最低、国际金融市场波动加剧、地区和全球性挑战突发多发的外部环境,面对的是国内结构性问题突出、风险隐患显现、经济下行压力加大的多重困难,面对的是改革进入攻坚期、利益关系深刻调整、影响社会稳定因素增多的复杂局面。

7.在这种情况下,经济能够稳住很不容易,出现诸多向好变化更为难得。这再次表明,中国人民有勇气、有智慧、有能力战胜任何艰难险阻,中国经济有潜力、有韧性、有优势,中国的发展前景一定会更好。 李克强

时间有限,我们单刀直入,我愿意回答记者朋友们提出的问题.We got limited time today, so I suggest we get started right away.朱镕基

我不想占用大家提问的宝贵时间,请大家直接提问题。谢谢!

I hate to take up the precious time that you can use to pose questions.The floor is open. 2.Notes

1.国家

2.国际

3.会议

4.两年后

5.全国人民代表大会第五次会议 6.记者招待会

7.经济全球化8.中外记者9.一带一路政策 10.国际组织领导人11.欢聚一堂12.今年13.利益

14.始于

15.席卷全球16.经济全球化 17.共商共建共享 18.关系

19.桥梁

20.早上

21.贸易

外交部部长王毅就中国的外交政策和对外关系答记者问

(Step 1.Ss’ individual work.Two notes will be given to the Ss who have to figure out the meaning of the notes.Ask some Ss to interpret the meaning.Then they’ll listen to the audio once and retell it in the source language. ) (Step 2.Five minutes will be given to the Ss to imitate the notes.Then they have to listen to the audio once and interpret it immediately.The teacher will evaluate their performances and give suggestions.) 1.[主持人 何绍仁] 各位记者朋友,大家上午好。欢迎参加十二届全国人大五次会议记者会。本场记者会的主题是中国的外交政策和对外关系。我们很高兴地邀请到外交部部长王毅先生,围绕这一主题回答大家的提问。我们首先有请王部长。

2.[外交部部长 王毅] 各位记者朋友,大家上午好。每年全国人大都安排我在3月8号举行记者会,今年同样是如此。当然这也使我有机会能够当面向在场的女记者们并向所有女同胞们致以节日的祝福。祝大家天天高兴,事事顺遂。当然我也要利用这个场合向所有的媒体工作者表示我们衷心的感谢,是大家在中国外交部和国内外民众之间架起了一座沟通的桥梁,而且为此作出了重要贡献,我感谢大家,大家辛苦了。现在我愿意回答大家的问题。

3.[新华社记者] 外长您好。我们知道今年5月份中国将举办“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛。请问外长,中国在此时举办这样一个论坛有什么样的考虑?期望达到什么样的一个目标?谢谢。

4.[王毅] 这是一个好问题,恰好是我第一个想回答大家的问题。再过两个月,我们将在北京举办“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛,据目前统计,有20多位国家元首和首脑、50多位国际组织负责人、100多位部长级代表以及总共1200多位来自世界各国和各个地区的嘉宾,将齐聚一堂,共襄盛举。届时,除了领导人出席的圆桌峰会以外,还会有一个更大范围的高级别会议,以及围绕“五通”,也就是政策沟通、设施联通、贸易畅通、资金融通、民心相通,要平行召开6场主题会议。北京将再次成为全球瞩目的焦点,“一带一路”也将继续成为世界热议的话题。

5.“一带一路”是中国的,但更是世界的。“一带一路”版权虽属中国,但收益为各国共享。习近平主席提出“一带一路”倡议三年多来,合作不断开花结果,影响迅速席卷全球,成为迄今最受欢迎的国际公共产品,也是目前前景最好的国际合作平台。“一带一路”之所以取得成功,根本在于它响应了沿线各国加强互利合作的迫切愿望,同时也是因为它提出了共商、共建、共享这些开放包容的理念。尤其是在当前保护主义、单边主义抬头的情况下,“一带一路”是各国撸起袖子一起干的共同事业,有助于推动经济全球化朝着更加普惠、包容的方向来实现再平衡,当然也将成为共建人类命运共同体的重要实践。

6.我们希望论坛能够实现三方面的成果:首先是总结汇聚各方共识,对接各国发展战略,明确优势互补、共同繁荣的大方向。二是梳理重点领域合作,围绕基础设施互联互通、贸易投资、金融支持和人文交往等,确定一批重大的合作项目。三是提出中长期合作举措,探讨共建“一带一路”的长效合作机制,构建更加紧密务实的伙伴关系网络。

推荐第6篇:会议口译原文及译文

英译汉原文及参考译文

In the space of a single generation, relations between the United Kingdom and the People’s Republic of China have been transformed.Government-to-government and busine-to-busine links are closer and more varied than ever before.//

But the most exciting changes have been in the links between the British and Chinese peoples.Chinese communities have long existed as a respected and cherished presence in British cities.//

But today, more and more British people are visiting China to see for themselves the new dynamism of great cites like Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou.We are re-discovering China’s incomparably rich cultural heritage, as well as its immense economic potential.//

The Chinese are re-discovering Britain, too.We are

delighted to welcome more Chinese visitors to our country each year.Many more Chinese are finding out about Britain through modern media like television and the Internet.//

Indeed, there are more Chinese people learning the English language than there are native speakers of English in the world today.This growing relationship is measurable, too, in financial terms.British firms now have a huge presence in China, a sign of their confidence in the country and its future.//

The UK is the largest European investor, and a British company, BP, is investing more capital in China than any other foreign firm.The largest foreign manufacturing investment in Western China is also British.//

The UK is China’s second largest European trading partner.British exports to China last year, at £3.72 billion were up 17% on the year 2000.China’s exports to Britain are at an all-time high.Many Chinese enterprises now regard Britain’s flexible and open economy has an ideal launching pad into the wider European market.//

All this is a far cry from 1972, when the UK and the PRC

4 – 1 在短短一代人的时间内,英国和中华人民共和国之间的关系已经发生了彻底的变化。政府之间、商界之间的关系从未像如今这样紧密、多样。// 但是,最令人兴奋的变化当属英中两国人民之间的联系。华人社区在英国城市中长久以来都受到尊重和珍视。// 但是今天,越来越多的英国人访问中国,亲眼目睹像北京、上海、广州这样的大城市的新活力。我们正在重新发现中国无与伦比、丰富多彩的文化遗产以及她巨大的经济潜力。// 中国人也正在重新发现英国。我们每年都很高兴地欢迎越来越多的中国客人来访。通过电视和因特网这样的现代媒体了解英国的中国人大大增加。// 毫不夸张地说,当今世界上学习英语的中国人已经超过了以英语为母语的人了。这种关系的发展也可以从经济角度来衡量。英国公司现在在中国有很大的规模。这表明他们对中国及其未来的信心。// 英国是欧洲在华的最大投资国。英国的BP公司在中国的投资超过了其他任何一家外国公司。中国西部最大的外国制造业投资也来自英国。// 英国是中国在欧洲的第二大贸易伙伴。去年英国对华出口额达37.2亿英镑,比前年增长17%。中国对英国的出口达创纪录水平。许多中国企业现在把英国灵活、开放的经济看作进军更大的欧洲市场的理想跳板。// 这一切与1972年英中两国首次互换大使时的情景大不相同。当时,英国

first exchanged ambaadors.Then, there were virtually no Chinese students in Britain.Today, there are over 20,000 – one of the largest overseas communities at our universities.//

几乎没有中国学生,而今天有两万多,是英国大学中人数最多的海外群体。//

1972年,北京和伦敦之间没有直接通

Then, there were no direct air services between Beijing 航。而今年,将有25万多名英国游and London.This year, more than a quarter of a million 客前往中国。1972年,在位英国首相British tourists will travel to China.Then, no serving British 或外交大臣中没有人访问中国。而去Prime Minister or Foreign Secretary had ever visited China.Last year, there were visits from 11 British

ministers.//

The changing nature of international relations requires governments to work ever more closely together for their mutual benefit.In the globalized world economy, the security and prosperity of individual countries often

depends on events beyond our borders.//

We are interdependent as well as independent.Challenges such as fighting environmental damage, ensuring global human rights are properly observed, removing barriers to trade and investment, and reducing

poverty, have become truly global iues.//

They loom larger on the agendas of multilateral organizations like the UN, the WTO and ASEM.In the 21st century, bilateral relations between countries will depend on progre on iues like these.//

As two of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council, our governments work together on a daily basis on problems affecting every corner of the world.Another change in the relationship between Britain and China has been developments in Hong Kong.I am delighted that Hong Kong has prospered since 1997, and that “One Country, Two Systems” is proving such an effective approach.//

As a signatory of the Joint Declaration, the UK has an abiding interest in the continued well-being of the Special Administrative Region.But this is only a part of our wider commitment to China.We are increasing the resources we allocate through our Department for International Development to poverty reduction in China from £25 million this year to £60 million by 2004.

年,英国有11位大臣到访中国。// 国际事务性质的变化,要求政府之间出于相互利益而更加紧密地合作。在

全球化的经济中,每个国家的安全和繁荣经常受制于国界之外发生的事件。// 我们既相互独立,又相互依赖。对付环境破坏,确保全球人权得到应有的

尊重,撤除贸易和投资障碍,减少贫困,这些挑战都已经成为名副其实的全球问题。// 在联合国、世界贸易组织和亚欧会议这样的多边组织的日程上面,这些问

题显得越来越严重。在21世纪,国家之间的双边关系将取决于在这些问题上取得的进展。// 作为联合国安理会五大常任理事国

中的两国,我们双方政府每天都在相互合作,处理影响到世界各地的问题。英中两国关系的另一变化是香港问题的发展。令我感到高兴的是,香港自1997年回归以来,继续保持繁荣,这证明了“一国两制”是非常有效的办法。// 作为《联合声明》的签约国,英国对

香港特别行政区保持良好状况各与长期的关注。但这只是我们对中国更广泛承诺的一部分。我们通过国际发展部,把用于中国扶贫项目的拨款资金从今年的2500万英镑,增加到2004年的6000万英镑。

汉译英原文及参考译文

主席先生:今年,对于中国来说,Mr.President, For China, this has been a special year.We 是不平凡的一年。我们经历了两件大事:第一件事是汶川特大地震灾害造成了巨大的生命财产损失。中国人民在灾难面前表现了坚强、勇敢、团结和不屈不挠的精神。目前,受灾群众得到了妥善安置,恢复重建工作正在有条不紊地展开。//

第二件事是北京奥运会成功举办。这一体育盛会不仅为来自世界各地的运动员展示风采创造了良好的条件,而且让世界更多地了解中国,让中国更多地了解世界。//

在抗震救灾和举办奥运会的过程中,我们得到了国际社会的广泛理解、支持和帮助。在此,我代表中国政府和人民表示诚挚的感谢。//

世界都在关注北京奥运会后中国政治经济走向。我可以明确地告诉大家,中国将继续坚定不移地走和平发展道路,继续坚持改革开放不动摇,继续贯彻独立自主的和平外交政策。这符合中国人民的根本利益,也符合世界人民的根本利益,顺应世界潮流。// 这次北京奥运会是在中国这样一个最大的发展中国家举行的。国际社会对中国政府和人民为此做出的努力给予了高度评价。奥运会的成功举办,使中国人民受到了极大的鼓舞,增强了实现现代化的信心和力量。//

同时,我们清醒地看到,中国有13亿人口,虽然经济总量已经位experienced two major events.One was the devastating earthquake in Wenchuan, which caused grave loes of life and property.In the face of the disaster, the Chinese people showed great strength, courage, solidarity and resilience.By now, the people affected by the earthquake have been properly relocated and recovery and reconstruction work is well underway.//

The other was the succeful hosting of the Beijing Olympic Games.This grand sporting event provided a good

opportunity for athletes from around the world to show true sportsmanship.It also enabled the world to learn more about China and China more about the world.//

In our fight against the earthquake disaster and our efforts to host the Games, we received understanding, support and aistance from the international community.I wish to take this opportunity to expre sincere gratitude on behalf of the Chinese Government and people.//

Now the whole world wants to know in what direction China is heading, both politically and economically, after the Beijing Olympic Games.Let me tell you in unequivocal terms that China will remain committed to the path of peaceful

development, unswervingly pursuer reform and opening-up, and continue to adhere to an independent foreign policy of peace.This is in the fundamental interests of the Chinese people and the people of all other countries.It is also in keeping with the trend of the world.//

The just concluded Olympic Games was held in China, the largest developing country in the world.The international community has highly commended the efforts made by the Chinese Government and people for the Games.And its succe has greatly inspired the Chinese people and given them even more confidence and strength to achieve modernization of the country.//

At the same time, however, we are soberly aware that China is

a country with 1.3 billion people.Though its total GDP is one of the highest in the world, it trails behind more than 100

居世界前列,但人均收入水平仍排在世界100位之后,城乡发展和区域发展很不平衡,农村特别是西部地区农村还很落后,还有数以千万计的人口没有解决温饱。//

中国仍然是一个发展中国家,生产力不发达的状况没有根本改变,进一步发展还受到资源、能源、环境等瓶颈的制约。中国的社会主义市场经济体制还不完善,民主法制还不健全,一些社会问题还比较突出。// 中国实现现代化的任务还很繁重,道路还很漫长。摆在我们面前的机遇和挑战都是空前的。抓住机遇,迎接挑战,聚精会神搞建设,一心一意谋发展,这就是中国政府和中国人民的理念和行动。//

中国发展靠什么?靠改革开放。今年是中国改革开放30周年。今天,中国人更从30年改革开放的切身经验中体会到,只有全面而持久地扩大对外开放,才是国家富强和民族繁荣的正确道路。这不但是实践探索的结论,也是历史经验的总结。//

主席先生:世界需要和平,和平才能发展。中国要实现自己的发展目标,渴望有一个和平的国际环境。中国政府坚定不移地奉行独立自主的和平外交政策,愿同各国加强合作,共同促进人类和平与发展的崇高事业。

countries in terms of per capita income.Development between urban and rural areas and among different regions in China is unbalanced.The rural areas, particularly those in western China, are underdeveloped.Tens of millions of Chinese lack adequate food and clothing.//

China is still a developing country, where productivity remains low and further development is constrained by the shortage of resources and energy and environmental consequences.Our socialist market economic system, democracy and the rule of law need to be further improved, and certain outstanding social iues are yet to be resolved.//

To achieve China’s modernization is a daunting task and we still have a long way to go.Both the opportunities and

challenges that we face are unprecedented.We will seize the opportunities, rise up to challenges, dedicate ourselves to nation-building and focus on development.This is what the Chinese Government and people have been thinking and doing.//

People may ask: How does China achieve its development? The answer is through reform and opening-up.This year

marks the 30th anniversary of China’s reform and opening-up policy.The Chinese people have learned from 30 years of reform and opening-up that only continued opening-up in an all-round way can lead the country to greater national strength and prosperity.This is the conclusion we have drawn both from our practice and exploration and from historical experiences.// Mr.President, The world needs peace, for only with peace can

there be development.China earnestly hopes to have a peaceful international environment in order to achieve its

development goals.The Chinese Government is committed to an independent foreign policy of peace and stands ready to work with other countries to advance the noble cause of peace and progre of mankind.

推荐第7篇:英语会议口译翻译技巧

英语会议口译翻译技巧

一、动宾连接原则

考生在翻译动宾短语的时候,应先考虑宾语的成分。宾语可能为名词、名词词组和句子。不同成分的宾语决定了谓语的使用。比如在以下例子中“希望”的选择面很大,既可以用hope连接句子,也可以用hope for,look forward to等连接名词词组,那么考生就得考虑宾语更容易翻译成词组或句子。因此,动宾连接原则的核心思想是“先宾语,后谓语”,翻译会豁然开朗。

中国人民始终希望天下太平,希望各国人民友好相处。

二、时态原则

时态在翻译中比不像想象中那么简单,往往是考试中的一个难点。时态有时可以体现一种感情因素,特别是进行时的使用,比如在第一个例子中现在进行时的使用体现出对中华民族的一种褒扬、赞美的口吻,翻译出了这句话的“精、气、神”,最后一个例子中过去进行时时常表示一种“特有的行为”,通常是偏向于negative的口吻,所以我们发现这句话十有八九是美国人自己写的。

三、主语确定原则

由于英语是主语显著语(subject-prominent language),构建在主谓轴(subject-predicate pivot)上,主语决定了句法结构;汉语为语义性语言,其中主语的重要性相对较低,无主语的现象比比皆是。因此在汉英转化中最重要的就是确定主语,主语选择成功了,句子越翻越顺;选择失败,考生越翻越累。主语的确定归根结底有三种方法:使用原主语;重新确定主语;增补主语。

四、谓语最小化原则

在汉译英中,动词的考察是必然的。其中动词和其他成分的转换也是重中之重。如果考生把所有的动词都翻译成动词的话,只能说明其还属于“入门”境界。因此在第一个例子中共出现7个动词,而在译文中只保留了4个动词。所以我们在翻译中一定要注意动词和其他词性的转换,常见减少谓语的方法有: a) 把动词变成名词 b) 使用介词短语 c) 使用分词短语

d) 多使用to表示目的的状语

e) 把并列谓语中最后一个谓语处理成“,which”的非限制性定语从句

虽然以上这些方法从本质上讲都是些小打小闹的“噱头”,但是不重视谓语的省略一定不会取得理想的成绩。

五、动宾换序原则

在英译汉中,遇上特别长的宾语,初学者总是根据语法习惯亦步亦趋地处理主、谓、宾,结果造成庞大的宾语,头轻脚重,特别不符合汉语的习惯,汉语之所以不喜欢宾语从句,在于汉语喜用主谓短句,对于较长的宾语,一般有两种处理方式:一是把谓语变成直接能够接宾语的表达形式,如react to不必翻译成“对„作出反应”,可变成“面对„”,这种方法在口译中常常出现,因为口译往往无暇考虑句式的大变动;二是把宾语先译出,然后再译出主谓,如第一个例子,或使用谓语的相反含义,再接上原主语,如第二个例子,sustain表示“决定了”,那反义短语就是“取决于”。

六、句群逻辑关系原则

汉译英中的疑点就是处理句群关系,从逻辑上区分通常有六种: a) 表示原因关系

“因为„所以”,“因此„”,“由于„”b) 表示转折关系

“虽然„但是„”,“然而(不过)„” c) 表示条件关系

“如果„”,“假如„”,“只要„就„”,“一旦„” d) 表示让步关系

“尽管„”,“就算„也„”,“即使„也„” e) 表示时间先后关系 “„之后”,“接着„” f)表示结果关系 “从而„”,“导致„”

七、连接原则

高口翻译难度的侧重点在近几年发生了一个转换:从以前追求成语、俗语到现在语体、语言风格的怪异,比如老舍和钱钟书的“自传”。语言的绝对难度不难,但是形式游散,不容易连接成逻辑感强烈的英语。英语重形合,汉语重意合。所以连接原则首先要求考生具备强烈的“逻辑”使命感,多加连词,两三句之内就要考虑句群的关系,其次考生还要具备合句和缩句的能力,抓住主要谓语,最后换序译法也是考生必需的技能,有时突出重点,调整句序,也是必不可少的。

八、减少of原则

汉译英中,一出现“„的”许多学生立马想到of„的架构,这种思维模式主要是受到了所属关系的影响。of在英语当中主要是所属关系,而“„的”不仅有所属关系,而且有包含关系等,因此我们在翻译中要看清句子的主主语——真正意义上的主语,而不必选择句子的次主语——语法上的主语。比如在第一个例子中,主主语是“楼”,而次主语才是“质量”,因此如把此句翻成The quality of the building is poor.虽然也没有错,在考试中也不一定会扣分,但还是显得比较业余。另外在最后一个例子中,译文如译成The development of our relations has made us not only close fiends but also brothers,就显得特别地功利,好像表示我们关系的发展使我们成为兄弟了,而不是我们的关系。总而言之,我们并不是要刻意地减少of架构,而是把一些非定语关系的of架构转化为其它成分。

九、名词词组与分句互译原则

汉语中的两大成分地位较低,分别是宾语和定语。在英译汉中,较长的宾语从句常常会转化为名词词组,比如在第一个例句中的“how”如果翻译为“如何化去税款”这个宾语从句,在汉语中就显得不伦不类,所有一些5W1H的疑问词基本上都有可能转化为名词,如when(时间),where(地点),who(人选),why(原因)。此外,对于修饰语较多的名词性短语,汉语也不喜欢用定语进行堆砌,而偏向用简单的主谓短语,如第二个例子中把“the most skepticaGates”翻译成“一个持怀疑态度的盖茨”,就不如变成主谓短语“盖茨对此持怀疑态度”。

十、要词原则

无论是中口还是高口翻译篇章中,都有一些貌似十分简单的词,但这些词往往是这篇文章的杀手锏,难度往往高于那些成语、俗语和专业词。比如在第一个例子中的collectively,一般的译者马上会理解为“总而言之”“概括起来”的意思,只有当读完整句的时候,才明白是把亚洲国家整体经济规模“累加”起来,其中进行了转性译法,把副词转换为形容词或名词。这种词在每次考试中至少会有一个,可以被认为是拉开差距的地方。考生如能发现其中的“弦外之音”,将会极大的鼓舞自己的士气。

推荐第8篇:CATTI 会议口译常用表达句

CATTI口译备考系列

一、会议致辞汉英常用表达句

1、有朋自远方来,不亦悦乎

It is such a delight to have friends coming from afar.

2、海内存知己,天涯若比邻

Long distance separates no bosom friends.

3、岁末年初,辞旧迎新。

Bid farewell to the old year and greet the New Year.

4、天下兴亡,匹夫有责。

Everyone body is responsible for the rise and fall of the country.

5、己所不欲,勿施于人。

Don’t do to others what you don’t want others do to you.

6、这是我第一次踏上这块美丽富饶的土地。

This is my first visit to this beautiful and richly-endowed country.

7、我代表中国政府向各位来宾表示热烈的欢迎,对会议的召开表示衷心的祝贺。

On behalf of the Chinese government, I would like to extend our sincere welcome to all the guests here and to expre our warm congratulations on the convening of the seion.

8、我谨代表公司,并以我个人的名义,向各位来宾和朋友表示热烈欢迎,并致以良好的新年祝愿。

On behalf or our company and in my own name, I wish to extend a warm welcome and best New Year wishes to you.

9、我提议,为各位来宾、朋友和同事们的健康,干杯!祝愿大家度过一个美好的夜晚。Please join me in a toast, to the health of all our guests, friends, and colleagues’ present .Cheer! Do have a pleasant and enjoyable evening.

10、回首过去,成就令人鼓舞。面向未来,任重而道远。

Reviewing the past, we fell encouraged by our achievements.Looking forward, we are fully aware of our heavy responsibilities and the challenges ahead.

(部分内容节选自外文出版社英语口译常用词语应试手册)

推荐第9篇:会议口译中技巧的应用

会议口译中技巧的应用

摘要:针对翻译工作者和口译人员来说,会议中所涉及的翻译工作具有较强的挑战性。会议口译中口译人员该具备何种能力,已不停留于中英语知识或者口译技能上。会议中,由于不少内容均为现场发挥,为达到理想的气氛,口译工作者往往还需掌握非语言知识、应变能力以及较高的职业素养等。换而言之,口译人员在会议中应学会巧妙使用翻译技巧,不断融入会议氛围,从而保证整个会议、翻译的优质完成。

关键词:会议口译;技巧;应用

会议口译,属于跨语言、涉及多种文化的交流职业,位于口译领域的高端。通常,会议口译表现为交替、同声传译两种基本模式。口译听解过程中,译员有必要集中注意力去听取,用自己的思维对源语予以加工,强调意义并抓住信息的着手点,从而有序完成记忆、表达等各项任务。倾听时,还应积极调用个人的百科、情景以及专业等“非语言知识”。对非语言知识的掌握程度会从很大程度上影响口译的准确性和流畅性,一名合格的口译员需要具有优秀的语言能力和相当的专业知识背景。

一、顺句驱动

和同声传译相比,会议交替传译的要求相对较低。尽管译者无需立即翻译出源语言,但时间上也相对较为紧迫。区别于笔译工作者,会议交替传译没有太多的时间去分析原材料,必须在约定的时间内予以翻译。基于此,会议交替传译并不需要译者对原文进行100%的翻译,而是涉及大概内容、传达出正确的信息便可。也正因为这样,口译工作中往往使用顺句驱动法,这也是口译人员有必要掌握的一项技巧。

很显然,顺句驱动也就是根据源语言中不同语句所出现的顺序,对原文依次进行翻译。中英文在语言上存在不少差异,口译人员通过该种翻译法很难对原文进行全面把握。不过,鉴于口译工作的时效性要求较高,该方法能为译员节省更多的时间,减轻工作强度,改善翻译效率。以赖斯演讲为例,我们这里对顺句驱动做初步分析。

例句:Different nations will find ways to expre democratic values that reflect their own cultures and their own ways of life.通过上面提及的顺句驱动法,我们可做出如下翻译:“在不同的国家,人们的民主意识、文化背景和生活方式均会存在差异。”

二、断句

针对译者,若要正确把握顺句驱动,第一步就必须学会如何断句,懂得怎样抓好复杂句子内出现的不同信息点。学会了断句,我们自然可以掌握顺句驱动。英语语言中有很多繁琐的长句,怎样断句,这是很多中国学生面临的难题,对译员的语言功底也是极大地考验。不过,这里所说的断句并不是纯粹以断句为目的,而是要服务于口译的需要,讲究合理、合适性,以便对某些冗杂的英文句子进行翻译。

若中英信息在表达方式、主要内容上十分接近,则可不采用断句方法,该种情况较为少见。不同的语言或多或少会存在差异,译者在汉语翻译中会看到很多长句,这就必须熟练应用断句技巧。基于此,译者第一步应对讲话内容予以认真倾听,脑海中对所有长句及其关键信息点进行赚取;根据听到的顺序逐次予以翻译。正因为差异的客观性,翻译时译者还有必要对句子做出调整或者是修补。这里仍以赖斯的讲话为例,其中有这么一句:Democracy is the most realistic way for diverse peoples to resolve all differences,and share power,and heal social divisions without violence or repreion.

很明显,上述为英语长句。我们在翻译前,有必要进行断句,并得到最终结果:民主具有较高的有效性,能够对群众争端予以解决、实现权利共享,消除社会上存在的分歧。

三、重复

汉语文学中,很多人会借助重复的手法对句子气势予以渲染。相对来说,英文文学中则几乎不会使用该种手法,有时甚至是刻意禁止的。朱自清家所执笔的散文《匆匆》中,“匆匆”的出现频率高达5次,其目的是为了渲染气氛。汉语更注重意合,其句子、词汇的结构可以背重复,特别是在礼仪场合。而英语则重形合,若反复出现肯定会臃肿,我们在翻译时有必要关注重点。

由于不同文体间存在差异,有时重复手法也很有必要。就比如下列句型:Worse than„Worse than„Or perhaps worse than...。在政治文体文中,适当用重复和反问的语气有助于增强气势。从某种层面上看,中英文中均适用于重复手法。因此,上述句子也可理解为:“会比...更糟糕么?还会比...更糟糕么?或者比...更糟糕吗?”

四、转译

顾名思义,语言翻译中经常会使用转译这一技巧,它在很多翻译形式中也较常出现。会议交替传译同样如此,必然会使用该种翻译方法。全面地使用转译,有助于维持译文的通畅性,让译文变得更具可读性。不过,转译的界定较为宽泛,一般可分成词性和逻辑转换,以及句式调整等形式。为便于读者更好地分析,这里我们将以此举例分析。

(一)词性转换

例句1:The problem is that too many peaceful human rights activists,and journalists,and bloggers are sitting in prison for actions that should not be considered crimes in any country.

翻译:问题在于:越来越多热衷和平、倡导人权的记者、民主人士以及博主纷纷入狱,但这些人身上的罪在所有民主国家均难以立足。该句话的翻译,将peaceful当成动词,释义为热爱和平。

(二)句式调整

例句2:The reason is that America desires no permanent enemies that we can imagine a better relationship with North Korea,and we are working to build it through the Six Party Talks.

翻译:美国不想结交长久的敌人,我们希望借助六方会谈构建更加和谐的美朝关系。在对该句话进行翻译时,我们会对语序进行调整和翻译。

(三)逻辑转换

例句3:The main problem for democracy in the Middle East hasn’t been that people are not ready for it.The problem is that there are violent forces of reaction that cannot be allowed to triumph.

翻译:中东地区所面临的民主问题在于:战胜不了的武力反抗分子依然存在,而并不是人们未做足准备。上句中,显然是逻辑被成功转换再进行翻译的。

五、增补

我们都知道,中文强调意合,句中不同的意群、成分均有着某种紧密的联系。很多情况下,中文都不需要使用连接词或者介词,其句子形式相对而言较松弛。英语则强调形合,句子的不同意群或者成分结合均有必要借助连接词或者介词予以实现。也正是如此,英语形式要严谨很多。不过,中英文句式上存在的差异,必然需要译者在两种语言互译中学会增补。特别是英文译为中文时,更需使用增补方法。看如下例句:Worse than the tyranny of Saddam Huein at the heart of the Middle East,who terrified his neighbors and whose legacy is the bodies of 300,000 innocent people that he left in unmarked ma graves?

根据上下文,我们可巧妙地予以增补。这里我们可将原文译为:伊拉克作为中东中心,被萨达姆专制政权所占领;他威慑他人人民,并对30余万名群众予以杀害,形成了很多无名坟墓,还有什么比这更糟糕?需要注意的是,增译法的存在并不是无中生有,也不是凭空添加原文当中本没有的意义,虽然在增译的部分当中是无法从原文当中找到相对应的词语的,但由于其目的是要表达原文的信息,或者将翻译的内容更符合译入语的表达风格,增译的现象是非有不可的。

六、省略

有增补,自然也会出现省略。口译期间,省略可以说无法避免。原因在于:人的处理能力相对有限,口译现场肯定会受到噪音等因素限制,译员想要彻底听取原文并将其传送给给译入语听众,难度很大,而且完全形式上的对应往往不符合译入语听众的语言习惯,会使翻译内容生硬,翻译腔明显。大量的口译实践表明,省略极为普遍,哪些情况下需用到省略?

例句:No,ladies and gentlemen,the past order in the Middle East is nothing to extol,but it does not make the challenges of the present le difficult.这里,我们可将句子做如下翻译:不,女士和先生们,以往的中东不具有称颂价值,我们当下遭遇的挑战也让人堪忧。句子中,“past order”等词可不予翻译。

在这个句子当中我们不难看出,实际上减译法在句子当中很难体现得很清楚,因为减译的目的就是为了让语言更加流畅和自然。

七、结语

本文站在会议口译的角度上,探讨口译过程中技巧应用的重要性,例如关于增补和省略的实用性,以及通过举出事例,令人们意识到增译与减译的重要性。在世界一体化进程中,不同领域之间的合作仍在增加。很多国际会议或者是国际活动,要求大量的翻译人才,尤其是口译人才,但提出的要求也愈来愈高。该类会议中,会议交替传译可谓是占主导地位之一的翻译形式。会议口译过程中,译者有必要结合实际选择相应的翻译技能,将发言人的句子流畅、准确地呈现给听众,正所谓“运用之妙,存乎一心”,个人能力与素养的逐步提升,则是通过加强练习、学习和实践习得的。

参考文献:

[1]何其莘.管窥同声传译中的一些技巧[J].上海外国语大学学报,2009(12).

[2]刘宓庆.同声传译中的反译与顺译[J].齐齐哈尔大学学报,2010(11).

[3]苏冲.浅析中英会议传译技巧――以赖斯在2008世界经济达沃斯年会开幕式上的发言为例[J].青年文学家,2014(1).

作者简介:王少兴,对外经济贸易大学英语学院在职人员高级课程研修班学员。

推荐第10篇:典型篇章口译之会议致辞

选自外交部程国平部长助理在“全球化背景下的非政府组织研讨会”开幕式上的发言:

我很荣幸地出席“全球化背景下的非政府组织研讨会”开幕式。首先,请允许我代表中国外交部和我个人,对此次研讨会的顺利举行表示热烈的祝贺。

It\'s my great honor to attend the opening seion of the Seminar on NGOs in Globalization.First of all, please allow me to extend, on behalf of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China and in my own name, warm congratulations on the succeful convocation of the seminar.

注:红色标注部分是这一类演讲开头最为常用的句型和词汇,一式百通。NGOs,非政府组织,即non-governmental organizations,在媒体中经常直接使用。

据我了解,在中国境内,由政府部门、学术机构和外国非政府组织三方合作举办的研讨会,这是首次。中国外交部参与举办此类研讨会,也是首次。这是一个很有创意的举动,充分体现了本次会议的重要意义,更表明了中国政府对非政府组织问题的高度重视。

As far as I know, it\'s the first ever seminar in China co-sponsored by government agencies, academic institutions and foreign NGOs.It is also the first time for China\'s Ministry of Foreign Affairs to co-host such an event.This is a highly creative idea and it fully reflects the significance of this seminar and the greate importance the Chinese government attaches to NGOs.我愿借此机会,对外交部涉外安全事务司、清华大学NGO研究所、救助儿童会为举办这次研讨会所做工作表示赞赏和感谢,对与会各政府部门、学术机构及中外非政府组织的支持和参与表示感谢。

I would like to take this opportunity to expre my appreciation and thanks for the efforts made for this seminar by the Department of External Security Affairs of the Foreign Ministry, the NGO Research Center of Tsinghua University and Save the Children.I also want to thank all the government agencies, academic institutions and Chinese and foreign NGOs for their support and participation.当今世界正处在大发展大变革大调整时期。世界多极化和经济全球化深入发展,国际金融危机影响持续显现,全球性问题突出,国际和地区热点问题此起彼伏,世界各国的前途命运正日益紧密联系在一起。

The world is undergoing major development, major transformation and major adjustment.The trend towards multi-polarity and economic globalization is gaining momentum.The international financial crisis is still taking

its toll.Global iues are becoming more pronounced and regional and international hotspot iues keep flaring up.Countries in the world are increasingly interconnected in their destiny.

注:这一段陈述是官方对国际形势的常用描述,出现频率很高。红色标注部分的翻译十分常见,可以直接套用。

在此时代背景下,非政府组织蓬勃发展,空前活跃,广泛参与经济、社会、教育、卫生、环保领域工作,为促进各国经济社会发展,维护世界和平发挥着重要作用。各国政府和联合国等国际组织对非政府组织高度重视。非政府组织的发展前途更加广阔。

Under such circumstances, NGOs have enjoyed vigorous development and have been more active than ever in economy, social affairs, education, health and environmental protection, playing an important role in promoting economic and social development of all countries and safeguarding world peace.Governments of all countries and international organizations such as the United Nations attach great value to the NGOs.There are broader prospects for NGO development.

第11篇:上外会议口译招生简章专题

上海外国语大学高级翻译学院

会议口译专业2013年招生简章

`

1.概况

会议口译专业作为国家“十五”、“211”重点项目于2003年设立在上海外国语大学高级翻译学院,是全国唯一由教育部专项拨款建设的同声传译教学基地。本专业设在上海外国语大学高级翻译学院应用翻译系。

会议口译专业的使命是按照国际最高标准,提供全球一流的会议口译专业教育,以培养能胜任联合国、欧盟等国际组织、国际外交及各种国际会议同声传译和交替传译工作的专业会议口译员。

本专业严格按照国际会议口译员协会(AIIC)所制定的各项标准组织遴选、教学与考试工作,并与联合国、欧盟等国际组织直接开展多方面的合作。2005年,会议口译专业在国际会议口译员协会(AIIC)对全球口译培训机构的评审中荣获全球最高一类评级。

2.学制

会议口译专业提供两年全日制研究生层次专业教育。培训的重点为会议口译专业实践技能(交替传译和同声传译)。完成学业并通过专业考试者,获得“会议口译专业证书”,证明其能胜任联合国、欧盟等国际组织,以及各种国际会议和外交场合的同声传译和交替传译工作。

根据上海外国语大学与联合国日内瓦办事处(2003年9月、2008年10月),联合国内罗毕办事处(2004年4月),欧盟欧委会(2004年5月),联合国维也纳办事处(2008年8月)以及联合国纽约总部(2008年8月)等国际组织签署的合作备忘录,会议口译专业是联合国与欧盟所正式认可的专业。

3.课程内容

一年级学习交替传译、视译、口译基础理论,并辅之以语言提高、演讲、笔译、专题知识(如经济、法律)等模块和课程。

一年级结束时,学生参加有外部考官参与的升级考试,以确定其是否有资格升入会议口译系二年级。升级考试的科目包括英中/中英交替传译和视译。交替传译的考试要求考生在连续听完约五分钟的发言后,用良好的演讲技巧忠实完整地再现发言内容,信息准确、逻辑清楚、表达流畅、细节基本完整、语言质量达标。未能通过考试者,可在下一年重考。

二年级学生在第一学年掌握交替传译基本技能的基础上,接受交替传译、同声传译和带稿同声传译的深度训练,掌握会议口译高阶技能。授课和练习材料多为国际会议的最新材料,可以使学生在掌握技能的同时也深入了解当前国际会议经常涉及的各类主题的背景知识,并熟悉各种口音和发言者立场。二年级下学期,还系统学习国际会议口译的会前准备策略,深度钻研会议口译的职业道德与职业行为守则。

学生还可以在本系教师组织的模拟会议中进行会议口译练习,模拟会议专题为当前国际会议经常涉及的重要领域和最新议题。此外,作为课堂教学的重要补充,学生也有机会在本系教师的带领下前往在上海举行的各类国际会议现场,观摩和旁听本系教师的现场口译工作,并在条件允许的情况下进行“实习厢”同声传译练习。或赴国际组织实习,参加大型国际会议中的“实习厢”同声传译练习,并体验国际组织中会议口译员的工作与生活。

二年级结束时,按照国际会议口译项目的通行标准,举行专业考试(Profeional Examination),由外部考官考核学生的口译实践能力。专业考试科目为交替传译(A-B, B-A)、同声传译(A-B,B-A)和带稿同声传译(A-B, B-A)共六科。对于同时申报C语言的考生,另安排由C语言译入A语言的相关考试项目。考试材料均取自于真实国际会议,其难度相当于专业会议口译工作。

通过专业考试的学生获得“会议口译专业证书”(Profeional Diploma in Conference Interpreting),该证书证明获得者已为专业会议口译员, 达到国际会议口译员标准,能胜任国际组织、外交外事及各种国际会议中的同声传译和交替传译工作。

4.师资

会议口译专业所有口译专业课均由具有丰富国际会议口译工作和专业口译教学经验的专业会议口译员执教,其中包括国际会议口译员协会(AIIC)会员。

此外,本专业还邀请联合国、欧盟、国际货币基金组织(IMF)、经济合作与发展组织(OECD)、美国国务院和中国外交部等口译用人单位的领导、专家以及世界一流会议口译项目的专家教授举行不定期专题讲座。

5.班级规模

每年招生不超过10人,以确保教师可充分指导每一位学生。

6.生源概况及毕业去向

自2003年会议口译项目启动以来,已招收十届学生,录取人数共96人,现将其基本情况作如下介绍,以供参考:

入学时的学历

本科:51%

硕士或博士:49%

之前所学专业

语言类专业:68% 非语言类专业:32% 入学时的年龄

平均:25.7岁

最小:20岁,最大:39岁 自2005年首次举行专业证书考试以来,已有八届学生完成本课程并获得会议口译专业证书,总共57人。几乎所有毕业生都在从事国际会议口译工作。

毕业去向大致如下:有选择到专业口译服务机构任职(如联合国总部、外交部翻译室、其他中央部委和一些省市的翻译室等);有选择灵活就业安排,即部分时间在某单位供职(多为口译岗位)、部分时间从事自由应聘的国际会议口译工作;有担任(公私企事业高级翻译兼管理层助理);还有选择成为自由应聘的国际会议口译员。

会议口译专业的毕业生深获专业翻译市场好评。有人已受到联合国、欧盟等国际组织聘用,担任专职或兼职同传译员。已有多位会议口译专业毕业生申请并成功加入国际会议口译员协会,成为AIIC会员。

7.报考资格

凡已获得学士或以上学位(含应届毕业生,专业不限)并以英语或汉语为A语言(即“母语”)的中国大陆、港澳台以及海外人士均可报名。

8.语言组合

会议口译专业目前培养的重点是英汉互译会议口译专业人才,但针对同时掌握第三种语言的学生,可以额外安排相应的教学,并在考试时增加相关项目。2013年可报考的语言组合如下:

考生必须掌握的语言为:

汉语普通话(A/B)

英语(A/B)

* 其中一门必须为母语

此外,考生还可以增报以下语言(如有):

法语(B/C)

注:

A语言,通常是指译员的“母语”,即译员最强的一种语言,译员对其有完全的理解能力以及娴熟的表达能力,运用非常自如、精确、得当,对语域和细微含义有精准的把握。

B语言,虽非A语言,但是是译员掌握十分熟练的语言,译员对其有完全的理解能力以及充分的表达能力,可以准确、清晰、有效地传达各种信息。

C语言,即译员的“接收语言”,译员对其有完全的理解能力,可以将该语言译成其 A语言。

9.入学考试

入学考试主要考核:

• A语言的综合运用能力

• B语言的综合运用能力 • C语言(如有)的听力理解能力

以及:

• 对信息/逻辑的分析与总结能力

• 清楚表达思想的能力

• 沟通技巧

• 世界知识

• 反应灵敏度和心理素质

入学考试由笔试和面试两个部分组成,其形式如下: 笔试A(半天),语言/综合试卷,常见题型包括:

• 写作:针对所设定专题写出一篇文章。

• 填空(cloze)与结语写作:要求考生填补文章里空缺的词条,并依照文章的总体思路与文体风格,写出逻辑一致、前后呼应的结语段落。

• 改写(paraphrasing):要求考生改写若干语句,文字不得与原文重复,但意思必须与原文一致。

• 综合知识测试:包括国际知识、重要时事等。

笔试A结束后,考生再到语音室做5分钟左右的录音,以测试语音、语调、流畅度等。

笔试B(半天),翻译试卷,常见题型包括: • 笔译:中英文双向笔译

• 摘要:阅读文章后以另一种语言写出相当于原文1/4篇幅的摘要

通过笔试的学生方可参加面试。

面试:

每名考生面试时间约为30分钟,包括(以下全部或部分内容):

• 复述,A-A、B-B:听3分钟的演讲,然后以同一种语言用自己的话重述演讲内容,以抓住重点信息和逻辑为主。不能做笔记。

• 听译,B-A、A-B以及C-A(如有):听3分钟的演讲,然后以另一种语言用自己的话重述演讲内容,以抓住重点信息和逻辑为主。不能做笔记。

• 即兴演讲(A、B):从考试委员会提供的若干题目中挑选其中之一,经过3分钟的准备,作3-4分钟的即兴演讲。

• 问答与对话。

10.历年试题

本专业恕不提供历年试题。

11.海外学生

鼓励海外学生报考本系。为方便其参加入学考试,如能落实适当的监考安排,可在考生所在国进行笔试。需要申请此类安排的考生,请在报考材料中加以说明,并在递交申请材料后通过电子邮件和院办联系(giit@shisu.edu.cn)。

针对以英语为A语言(即“母语”)的考生,只要其笔试、面试成绩达标,可按专门名额录取。

12.申请直接攻读二年级

凡已获得国内外口译专业或口译方向硕士学位的,或在政府权威翻译部门担任口译工作满三年以上的,均可申请直接攻读会议口译专业二年级。申请者请与院办联系(giit@shisu.edu.cn),以提交有关资料(如毕业证书、成绩单、详细个人履历、推荐信、IELTS成绩等),由学院审核。审核通过者可以参加会议口译专业的升级考试,考试合格者可直接进入会议口译专业二年级学习。

13.学费

一年级:40,000元

二年级:60,000元

14.报考程序

报名日期:2013年2月1日至2013年3月28日

笔试考试费:500元(沪价费[2002]043号)

笔试考试日期:2013年3月31日(星期日)

考试地点: 上海外国语大学虹口校区 报名材料:

(1)填好的报名表格

(2)个人陈述(personal statement)中英文各一份(长度不超过A4纸两页)

(3)学位证书复印件(应届生提供在学证明即可)

(4)身份证(护照)复印件

(5)一寸证件照两张

此外,如有IELTS学术类成绩单,请一并附上,以供参考。

邮寄地址:上海市虹口区大连西路550号2号楼212室 上海外国语大学高级翻译学院办公室

注明:2013年会议口译专业报名材料

邮政编码: 200083 联系电话: (021)35373113或(021)35372991

交费方法: 在寄送报名表的同时将笔试考试费通过邮局汇往上海外国语大学高级翻译学院

张金雷

在收到考生报名材料和考试费后,经审核符合报考条件者,于3月12日后在网上查询报考合格者名单。

具体考试时间、地点以及准考证都将在网上公佈。

通过笔试者参加2013年4月在上海外国语大学(虹口校区)举行的口试,口试费500元(沪价费[2002]043号)。

录取的学生于2013年9月报到入学

第12篇:口译

河北联合大学

翻译硕士基础口译期末作业

专 业 : 英语翻译 班 级 : 2013级研10班 姓 名 : 李楠 (女) 学 号 :

2013218111

口译课心得体会

这一学期很快就要结束了,首先要感谢雪玉老师在口译课中对我的指导与帮助,谢谢雪玉老师,您辛苦了!通过这一学期的学习,我收获了很多。对口译这门课程或者说这一概念有了更深的了解,学习到了更多的理论,得到了更多的练习和锻炼,自己的各个方面都有所提高;也找到了自己在口译这一方面的缺点和不足,知道了自己在这一方面还有很多要学习和提高的方面。

首先,口译员的角色是桥梁,应该懂得双方的真实意义,找到自己的正确位置,翻译时一定要用第一人称。其次,还要明白口译与笔译的区别:工作环境不同,工作方法不同,反馈形式不同,质量标准也不同。最后,口译员首先应具备三个支柱:双语能力即听说能力,言外知识包括百科知识和专业主题知识,口译技能包括口译听辨、记忆、笔记等技能;其次,口译员还需具备口译工作的心理和身体素质,如出色的记忆力、快速的反应力等,并且要有跨文化交际的意识,以及良好的口译服务职业道德。这些都是以前我没有深刻体会过的,通过这一个学期的学习,我对口译这一领域有了全新的理解,知道了口译不仅仅是国际会议中的翻译才能称之为口译,只要有了这一翻译过程,就可以称之为口译,比如联络口译,陪同口译,社区口译,法庭口译,医疗口译等等。我以前曾经认为反正我肯定不会成为一名口译员,所以这些我不需要锻炼和练习。但是通过这一学期的学习,我懂得了口译的种类之后,我知道了自己也有可能会扮演口译员的角色,而对于口译员的能力要求我更是差得很远,但是这一个学期的练习和锻炼之后,我的听说译能力都有了很大的提高。

在这一学期中,在雪玉老师的指导下,我学习了很多的口译理论,涉及了各个方面的英语新闻,做了很多的口译笔记,学习了很多和口译方面有关的知识。首先,理论方面有释义派的理论,还有著名口译研究者Gile 提出的口译理解公式等等。这些理论使我能够更好的进行英语口译,提高自己的能力,找到自己的不足之处。这些理论让我明白听力理解对于口译很重要,对于记忆力要求很高,准备言外知识要充分。其次,口译笔记和听力理解方面有很多自己要学习、积累、加强的方面。笔记很重要,但也要正确的对待笔记存在的意义,要知道笔记是要辅助记忆力的,所以要学会记笔记。而提到笔记我不得不提的就是听力理解,要知道口译不是以前自己做听力题,口译不仅要听懂主要的意思,还要记得相关的细节,这些同样重要,因为口译员是桥梁。这两方面是我应该提高的方面,词汇量需要提高因为它是提高听力理解能力的基础,大量的练习是必须的,而涉及各个方面的新闻扩充自己的百科知识也是必不可少的一方面。

通过写这些心得体会,让我了解到自己这一学期的收获和不足,也为我下学期的学习指明了方向。听力理解和笔记方面虽然有所提高,但是还需不断加强练习,不断巩固;词汇量需要继续扩充,各类新闻应多多涉猎,扩大自己的视野;口语有所提高,但是一些音还需不断练习。综上所述,希望老师对我的分析和总结进行指导和批评,谢谢老师!

第13篇:口译

• Spring Festival is usually celebrated from the 1st day to the 15th day of the first month in lunar calendar.

Or [… from the 1st day to the 15th day of the first lunar (moon) month. ]

Special days >>>

大年夜

Spring Festival Eve

大年初一

the 1st day of the lunar new year

the beginning of the lunar new year 年画

New year painting Set off firecrackers Chinese knot

中国结

During this Festival

▪ a happy family-get-together • • • • • • reunion dinner (s) Spring Festival Gala 春节联欢晚会 Stay up 守岁

Bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new year 辞旧岁迎新年 Gift money / red-packet money 压岁钱 Pay new year’s visit 拜年

• Dragon dance; lion dance • Travel ; a good rest; … ② 元宵节 the lantern festival • The fifteenth day of the first month in lunar calendar What is the traditional custom of the Chinese in this festival? • Enjoy the Yuan Xiao, a kind of glutinous rice ball, with various mince in it.Appreciate the lantern Play with the riddles on the lantern 端午节Dragon Boat Day The fifth day of the fifth month in lunar calendar.What is the traditional custom in this festival? Enjoy the glutinous rice dumplings.Dragon boat Sachet 香包 Wear a sachet Herbs 药草

Hang herbs by the door The legend of this festival 七夕Double 7th day Long, long ago, there was an honest and kind-hearted fellow named Niu Lang (Cowhand).His parents died when he was a child.Later he was driven out of his home by his sister-in-law.So he lived by himself herding cattle and farming.One day, a fairy from heaven Zhi Nu (Weaver Maid) fell in love with him and came down secretly to earth and married him.The cowhand farmed in the field and the Weaver Maid wove at home.They lived a happy life and gave birth to a boy and a girl.Unfortunately, the God of Heaven soon found out the fact and ordered the Queen Mother of the Western Heavens to bring the Weaver Maid back.

• With the help of celestial cattle, the Cowhand flew to heaven with his son and daughter.At the time when he was about to catch up with his wife, the Queen Mother took off one of her gold hairpins and made a stroke.One billowy river appeared in front of the Cowhand.The Cowhand and Weaver Maid were separated on the two banks forever and could only feel their tears.Their loyalty to love touched magpies, so tens of thousands of magpies came to build a bridge for the Cowhand and Weaver Maid to meet each other.The Queen Mother was eventually moved and allowed them to meet each year on the 7th of the 7th lunar month.Hence their meeting date has been called "Qi Xi" (Double Seventh).

中秋The mid-autumn day • The fifteenth day of the eighth month in lunar calendar What is the custom in this festival? • Enjoy the moon cake Appreciate the moon The legend of moon 重阳节Double ninth day • The 9th day of the 9th lunar month is the traditional Chongyang Festival, or Double Ninth Festival. •

• It usually falls in October in the Gregorian calendar.In an ancient and mysterious book Yi Jing, or The Book of Changes, number "6" was thought to be of Yin character, meaning feminine or negative, while number "9" was thought to be Yang, meaning masculine or positive.So the number nine in both month and day create the Double Ninth Festival, or Chongyang Festival.

The custom of ascending a height to avoid epidemics was paed down from long time ago.Therefore, the Double Ninth Festival is also called "Height Ascending Festival".The height people will reach is usually a mountain or a tower.Ancient literary figures have left many poems depicting the activity.Even today, people still swarm to famous or little known mountains on this day.Chong in Chinese means “double.” Also, as double ninth was pronounced the same as the word to signify “forever“(久), both are "Jiu Jiu," the Chinese ancestors considered it an auspicious day worth celebration.That's why ancient Chinese began to celebrate this festival long time ago.LESSON 1—RECEPTION & CEROMONIAL SPEECH

I.Vocabulary and Sentence Patterns 1.Vocabulary 尊敬的朋友们 Distinguished/Honorable/Respected friends 各位来宾,在座各位

all the (distinguished) guests, all the present here 欢聚一堂 enjoy this happy get-together 庆祝成立…一周年 celebrate the 1st Anniversary of the establishment of … 庆祝中华人民共和国成立四十五周年招待会

Reception Celebrating the 45th Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China 隆重庆祝 grand celebration 以……名义 in the name of 本着……精神 in the spirit of 由衷的谢意 heartfelt thanks 纪念

in honor of ; to honor; in commemoration of; to observe 庆祝

in celebration of ; to celebrate; to observe 热情友好的欢迎辞 gracious speech of welcome 提供全方位的服务 to offer an all-round service to...竭诚 do one's best,spare no efforts。 坦诚相待 ...in an honest partnership 接待... to play host to ...; to receive/ host …

学校的全体师生员工 all the faculty, students and staff of the university 向...表示热烈欢迎 to extend one's warm welcome to ...格林博士和夫人

Dr.and Mrs.Green 友好合作关系 the friendly relations and co-operations 值此...之际,...On the occasion of....就...问题进行发言 to addre the meeting on the topic of...在这举国同庆的夜晚 On the occasion of this evening of national celebration 外国来宾

overseas visitors/guests 尽情品尝中国的传统美酒和佳肴have a good time enjoying the finest traditional Chinese cuisine and wine 彼此沟通,增进友谊

to get to know each other and to promote our friendship 热情的迎接和款待 warm reception and hospitality 令人愉快,难以忘怀! ….be truly pleasant and enjoyable and most memorable 中美合资企业 a Sino-American joint venture 富有(中华民族文化)特色的......With … characteristics

安排了...的旅游路线 offer you...a tour program/an itinerary 景点和名胜 scenic spots and historical sites 观赏

appreciate 地方风味小吃

local delicacies 专程造访

come all the way

精心安排 a thoughtful/considerate arrangement

为…举行宴会/宴请 to host a dinner/banquet/luncheon in honor of … 欢迎宴会

welcome dinner 便宴

informal dinner,light meal 工作午餐

working luncheon 自助餐 buffet dinner 答谢宴会 return dinner 告别宴会

farewell dinner 招待会

reception 鸡尾酒会

cocktail party 茶话会 tea part 举行会议/研讨会/大会/座谈会/学术报告会

hold a meeting/ seminar/ conference / forum/ symposium 赞助人/主办人/承办人/协办人

patron/sponsor/organizer/co-organizer 举行谈判 enter into negotiation 交涉

make representations with sb.on sth./deal with sb.事物性会谈 talks at working level 对口会谈

counterpart talks 议程项目items on the agenda 开幕会议

opening seion 全体会议 plenary seion 开场白

introduction 情况介绍 presentation 小组讨论

panel discuion 2.Sentence Patterns 我非常感谢...Thank you very much for.../I’d like to thank … for….这次访问使我有机会…(The visit will) give me an (excellent) opportunity to...我们很高兴...It gives us great pleasure to.../We are so pleased/ honored to… 我要为...,再次表达我的愉快之情和荣幸之感。

I wish to say again that I am so delighted and privileged to...我为能有机会..向....致以深深的谢意.

I would like to expre my deep appreciation to ...for this opportunity to...我多年来一直盼望…

I have been looking forward to ...for (many) years 你若不在意的话,..If you don't mind, I’d like to…

我相信...

I believe that…; I am convinced/ confident that...祝大家... wish you all...基于...,...Considering the fact that.../ ...Based on the fact that… 现在我提议,为了…和…之间的合作,为了…的健康,干杯!

At this point, I propose a toast to the cooperation between…and…,to the health of…,cheers! 最后,我借主人的酒,提议为…干杯!

Lastly, taking up this gla of fine wine, I propose a toast to … 值此节日之际,我向…致以节日的祝贺.On the occasion of the festival, I would like to extend the greetings to ...Propose a toast…

为此,我向总理,向我们的中国客人提议,为美中两国关系的继续推进乾杯。

为我们两国和我们邻国的光明未来、为我们面临的建立安全、繁荣与和平的世界的重任乾杯。

And so I would like to propose a toast to the Premier, and to our Chinese colleagues: Toast to the continued advancement of relations between the United States and China. To a bright future for our nations and our neighbors, and to the work ahead of us to build a secure, prosperous and peaceful world.

现在我提议,为布什总统和夫人的健康,为中美两国友谊的万古长青,为中美的繁荣富强,干杯! Now I would like to propose a toast to the health of President and Mrs.Bush, to the everlasting friendship between the U.S.A and china and the prosperity of the two countries! Cheers!

表示感谢,敬意等

主席先生,我怀着非常愉快的心情出席本届年会。值此大会开幕之际,我为能有机会就和平与发展问题进行发言,谨向东道主致以深深的谢意。与此同时,我向所有与会代表致以崇高的敬意。

Mr.Chairman, I am very pleasant to attend this current annual meeting.On the occasion of the opening ceremony, I would like to extend my heartfelt thanks to our host for the given opportunity to addre the meeting on the topic of peace and development.And meanwhile,I would like to expre my deepest respect to all the present here.

我希望能借此机会,代表我的同事,感谢您热情的迎接和款待.在中国的这六天,真的是非常令人愉快,难以忘记.I wish to take this opportunity to thank you on behalf of all my colleagues for your warm reception and incomparable hospitality.The past six days in China have been truly pleasant and enjoyable, and most memorable.

今天贵国外交部国际研究中心邀请我到这里发表演讲,我感到很荣幸.首先,我代表中国政府和人民,并以我个人的名义,向贵国人民致以亲切的问候和良好的祝愿!向在座的以及一切为我们两国友谊做出贡献的各届人士,表示衷心的感谢! Today, I am very honored to be here and addre at the invitation of your international studies center of the ministry of foreign affairs of your country.First, on behalf of the chinese government and people, and in my own name, I would like to give our best greetings and wishes to your people! and to extend our heartfelt thanks to all the present here and those who have contributed to the friendship between our two peoples.

首先,我感谢莱文校长的邀请,使我有机会来到世界著名学府耶鲁大学,同青年朋友和老师们相聚在一起。

Let me begin by thanking you, Mr.Levin, for your kind invitation and the opportunity to come to Yale to meet young friends and teachers of this world-renowned university.I have been looking forward to …

• Background knowledge近年来,中国的乳制品行业问题频发,问题牛奶、过期牛奶、有毒奶粉层出不穷,不仅蚕食着人们的身体健康,更危及着人们对整个行业的信任。

病例:

2004: 大头娃娃

2008:三聚氰胺导致肾结石等 Practice

1 VOCABULARY 1 • Scandal

丑闻

… scandal 关于……的丑闻 • Dairy group

Dairy firm • Milk powder • Malnourishment

Listen and fill in the blanks ________ in China has been a big _______ for many years. ________ involving ___________ have _________ one after another since __________.• A ___________ scandal _________ the nation in 2004.Hundreds of ________________ nationwide after _________ milk powder.Many developed ____________,where their heads appeared _______________compared to their bodies._____infants, mostly from________, ________of malnutrition.

Vocabulary 2

• Come into the spotlight • Diagnose 诊断,判断 • Kidney stone 肾结石

• A milk safety scandal ___________again in _______.Hundreds of thousands of ________were ______________after being _______ with milk powder produced by the________, one of China's ________dairy firms.Background knowledge 北京时间2011年7月5日早9:36,地铁四号线动物园站A口上行电扶梯发生设备故障,正在搭乘电梯的部分乘客出现摔倒情况。京港地铁公司启动相关应急预案,受伤乘客均已送往医院救治。

Practice 2 Vocabulary: escalator 电动浮梯 Subway stop

地铁站

Metro

subway

underground Subway Line 4:地铁4号线

municipal government's information office 市政府新闻办公室

emergency response:紧急预案

An _______accident at a Beijing subway stop has left ____________________, _______of them seriously.The accident _________around _______local time __________the ___________ on Subway Line _____.

• The municipal government's information office said some people _______on the escalator after______________ • The company said it has already ________________

and

________________. An _______into the accident_______________.Background knowledge 2011年4月8日,上海迪士尼乐园项目正式开工建设,投资245亿元,预计于5年后建成;中国将成为除美国本土外唯一一个拥有两个迪士尼乐园的国家。

Practice 3 • Vocabulary:Vocabulary: • 1.amusement park 游乐场 • 2.Hectares 公顷 • 3.ferry 摆渡,运送

ferry visitors in and out 运送游客 • 4.a commercial and restaurant complex

商业和餐饮中心 5.holiday resort 度假胜地

6.theme park

主题公园

• ________of the world’s ______________ will______________________.

According to the plan, the Disneyland will______________, and include _______, ________________ and__________.

• ______________will be able

to_____________,

and

experts

suspect

___________________will eventually be _________ around the Disneyland.

• That would likely ________ its profit from _____________ , and the remaining _________ from _____________ and ________ • The park, which is ____________ in______, is set to _______ in__________.

The Disneyland should be _______ as _________.It can _______________ of other industries such as _______________.Background knowledge 当地时间2011年7月16日,美国白宫方面无视中国政府的强烈反对,孤注一掷,悍然会见了藏独分子*喇嘛,严重违反了国际关系准则。而早已宣布“退休”的*顶着宗教领袖的头衔,在政治场合与美国总统会面。

vocabulary • Chinese Foreign Ministry 中国外交部 • separatist activities 分裂活动

Tibetan separatist 藏独分子 • abet 煽动,教唆

to abet a crime 教唆犯罪

abettor 唆使者 • abide by

遵守

abide by its promises

Tibet iue 西藏问题

• cautiously

谨慎地,慎重地

When my ankle is better, I may try to play basketball again, but I'll certainly play more cautiously! • The ______________ has __________ ___________ not to _________ with ____________, who's currently ______________ • ________________ Hong Lei says ___________________ by the Dalai Lama, adding that he ___________________ to ______________ • ________________ Hong Lei says ___________________ by the Dalai Lama, adding that he ___________________ to ______________ China reiterates that it __________________________________such __________ by the Dalai Lama.• Hong Lei says that China hopes __________________ on the________, while ______ and ______ ____________ relevant situations.Background knowledge 据新华社电 7月15日上午,国家主席胡锦涛在北京中南海亲切会见了一批来自大洋彼岸的特别客人,他们是应邀来华访问的美国芝加哥市佩顿中学师生。

vocabulary 1.Walter Payton College Preparatory High School 芝加哥沃特佩顿大学预备高中

2.take sb.up on sth.

[oral] 接受(某人的邀请,挑战等) 3.State visit 国事访问

postpone the state visit due to civil war a 2-day state visit 4.picture albums 图画集,相片集 5.calligraphy brushes 毛笔

Calligraph

书法,字迹/

Calligrapher, calligraphist

书法家

• Cap off sth.=finish, complete sth.• Recite 背诵 • • • • A tang dynasty poem Song poem Yuan dynasty drama SINO-US relations

___________________ has _______ with ___________________________ at his ___________ in _____________.• In___________, President Hu visited ________________________________ in Chicago during his ____________ to the US. •

• He ___________ the school's _____________ and _____________________ to __________ this summer.•

• The students ___________ on the ______ on Friday, by ______________.President Hu _____________________ and __________ with _________ of the students. • The students ________ the Chinese president with _________ including __________to their school.Hu gave the students

Zhongnanhai

____________

,

_______________and ______________________in________.

The students _________________ by ____________________ for President Hu that included ______________________.

_________the

show,

President

Hu

said __________________________________  1.Sichuan food is famous for its numerous varieties of delicacies and strong flavors, and is best known for being spicy-hot. 2.Cantonese cuisine emphasizes light cooking with seemingly limitle range of ingredients. 3.The careful coordination of such a series of delicate activities as selecting ingredients, mixing flavors, timing the cooking, controlling the heat and finally, laying out the food on the plate for the table are the typical characteristics of Chinese food. 4.Nearly endle variety of natural ingredients and methods of preparation are employed in Chinese cuisine/cooking. 5.May I propose a toast to the health of His Excellency the Ambaador and Mrs.Smith?

 1 谢谢史密斯先生的热情洋溢的欢迎词,感谢欧中贸协的盛情邀请和热情款待。  2 我非常高兴有机会出席这次欧中贸协合午餐报告会。  3 中餐先上冷盘,而西餐则先上汤。

 4 请允许我邀请各位与我一起举杯,为我们双方的友谊和合作干杯。  5 请尝尝我的拿手菜。

1 谢谢史密斯先生的热情洋溢的欢迎词,感谢欧中贸协的盛情邀请和热情款待。

 1.I'd like to thank Chairman De Wit for his very warm welcome remarks and my thanks also go to the Europe-China Busine Aociation and the Belgium Chinese Economic and Commercial Council for the kind invitation and warm hospitality. 2. 我非常高兴有机会出席这次欧中贸协合午餐报告会I'm very delighted to have the opportunity to be at this reception jointly hosted by EU-China Busine Aociation and Belgium Chinese Economic and Commercial Council.

 3.中餐先上冷盘,而西餐则先上汤。 Chinese dinner offers cold dishes first, but western-style food offers soup first.4.请允许我邀请各位与我一起举杯,为我们双方的友谊和合作干杯May I ask you to join me in a toast to our friendship and cooperation?

 鲁菜通常较咸,汁色普遍较浅。鲁菜注重选料,精于刀工,善于炊技。作为我国北方菜系的代表,鲁菜烹饪技术广泛用于明清两代的宫廷菜。川菜选料范围大,调味及炊技变化多样。据统计,川菜的品种在五千种以上。川菜最大的特点是口味重,以麻辣著称。 Shandong cuisine is generally salty, with a prevalence of light-colored sauces.The dishes feature choice of materials, adept technique in slicing and perfect cooking skills.Shandong cuisine is representative of northern China's cooking and its technique has been widely absorbed by the imperial dishes of the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644 - 1911) dynasties.Sichuan cuisine features a wide range of materials, various seasonings and different cooking techniques.Statistics show that the number of Sichuan dishes has surpaed 5,000.With a rich variety of strong flavors, Sichuan food is famous for its numerous varieties of delicacies, dominated by peppery and chili flavors and best known for being spicy-hot.//  最难归类的粤菜强调轻炒浅煮,选料似乎不受限制。粤菜源于明清,在发展过程中不仅吸收借鉴了中国北方烹调和西餐烹调的精华,同时也保持了自己的传统特色。扬州菜以江苏省境内的扬州、南京、苏州等地的地方菜式为基础之大成。扬州菜注重选料的原汁原味,在菜的装饰上讲究形态的艺术性和颜色的鲜艳性,扬州菜实际上糅合了南北菜系之精华。也有人以八个字来归纳这四大菜系的口味特点,即“南淡北咸,东甜西辣”。 Cantonese cuisine, the hardest to categorize, emphasizes light cooking with seemingly limitle range of ingredients.Cantonese cuisine took shape in the Ming and Qing dynasties.In the proce of its development, it has borrowed the culinary eence of northern China and of the Western-style food, while maintaining its traditional local flavor.Yangzhou cuisine bases itself largely on the three local cooking styles of Yangzhou, Nanjing and Suzhou, all within Jiangsu Province.While emphasizing the original flavors of well-chosen materials, it features carefully selected ingredients, also, the artistic shape and bright colors of the dishes and more ornamental value.Yangzhou cuisine is eentially a combination of the best elements of northern and southern cooking.According to some others, the characteristic flavors of China’s four major cuisines can be summed up in the following expreion: “The light southern (Canton) cuisine, and the salty northern (Shangdong) cuisine; the sweet eastern (Yangzhou) cuisine, and the spicy western (Sichuan) cuisine.”//

 President Gao, Distinguished guests, Our Chinese Friends, Ladies and Gentlemen,  It is a special honor for me to have a chance to speak on behalf of all the members of our delegation, I would like to expre our sincere thanks to president Gao for inviting us, and for all the hard work and thought you have given to the arrangements for our visit.We are also grateful for such a marvelous dinner tonight.

I hope that we shall all enjoy the busine exchanges and friendly contact in the following days.Every member of our delegations hopes that the rate of trade between the two countries will increase in the future through our mutual efforts.And I think that only by free flow of visitors can trade develop satisfactorily.

 I’m very impreed by the hospitality and warmth by which you have received us.You must have had a very busy time making all the preparations.We are especially thankful to you for arranging all the preparations.We are especially thankful to you for arranging the meeting and everything that you have done on our account.I hope that Mr.Gao and other Chinese friends will be able to visit our country in the future, so that we will have the chance to be host and return some of your kindne.

 Quite apart from busine contracts, these meetings will surely help enhance the understanding and friendship between us.Well begun is half done, as we say.I hope this will pave the way for further busine relations between our two countries.  In closing, I would like to invite you to join me in a toast.To the trade and friendship between us! To the health of our Chinese friends! Cheers !  女士们,先生们:

 我代表本公司向应邀前来访问的美国Star公司代表团表示热烈的欢迎。据我所知,有关人士正在为代表团安排了一个全面的参观计划。对此,我无需赘述。

 我刚刚听到我们两家公司已达成建立合资公司的协议。这使我们两家公司的合作大大向前迈进了一步。我相信,我们正在加拿大访问的董事长一定希望我能代表本公司向在座的各位表达一下,我们得知这个好消息时的兴奋心情。

 除了贸易以外,你们的来访肯定会加强我们彼此之间的友谊和合作。俗话说,“良好的开端是成功的一半”。 我深信,你们的这次访问将会带来更多的交流和合作。

 最后请各位举杯,为我们的合作和友谊,为在座的各位健康干杯!

第14篇:口译

高级口译外事接待笔记礼仪专用外语祝词

开幕/闭幕式 opening/closing ceremony 开幕词 opening speech/addre 致开幕词 make an opening speech 友好访问 goodwill visit

阁下 Your/His/Her Honor/Excellency 贵宾 distinguished guest 尊敬的市长先生 Respected Mr.Mayor 远道而来/来自大洋彼岸的朋友 friends coming from a distant land/the other side of the Pacific 东道国 host country 宣布……开幕 declare……open 值此之际 on the occasion of 借此机会 take this opportunity to 以……名义 in the name of 本着……精神 in the spirit of 代表 on the behalf of

由衷的谢意 heartfelt thanks 友好款待 gracious hospitality 正式邀请 official invitation 回顾过去 look back on 展望未来 look ahead/look into the future 最后 in closing 圆满成功 a complete succe 提议祝酒 propose a toast 第二部分 词语扩展

一、政治词汇

亚太地区 Asian-Pacific region 建交 establishment of diplomatic relations between 互访 exchange of visit 外交政策 foreign policy 一贯奉行 in persistent pursuit of平等互利 equality and mutual benefit 双边关系 bilateral relations 持久和平lasting peace

二、政治词汇 贸易额 trade volume 商业界 busine community 跨国公司 transnational corporation 经济强国/经济大国/经济列强(视具体情况翻译)economic power 第三部分 例句 1.我愿借此机会,代表我们代表团的全体成员,对我们东道主的诚挚邀请,表示真诚的谢意。 On the behalf of all the members of my miion, I would like to take this opportunity to expre our sincere thanks to our host for their earnest invitation.2.现在,我愉快地宣布第二十二届万国邮政联盟大会开幕。

Now, I have the pleasure to declare the 22nd Universal Postal Congre open.3.我很荣幸地代表中国政府和人民向来自联合王国的代表团表示热烈的欢迎。

I have the honor to expre this warm welcome on behalf of the Chinese Government and people to the delegation from the United Kingdom.4.我谨向各位表示最热烈的欢迎。

I would like to extend my warmest welocme to all of you.5.我预祝大会圆满成功!

I wish the conference a complete succe!

高级口译笔记——外事接待(reception) 第一部分 基本词汇 日程安排 schedule

预订 reserve

根据……的要求 upon……request 专程造访 come all the way 精心安排 a thoughtful arrangement 排忧解难 help out 第二部分 词语扩展 机场大楼 terminal building 候机大厅 waiting hall

起飞时间 departure/take-off time

抵达时间 arrival time 海关 the Customs

往返票 round-trip ticket

入境/出境/旅游签证 entry/exit/tourist visa 免税商店 duty-free shop 豪华套房 luxury suite

单/双人房 single/double room 第三部分 例句

1.You must be our long-expected guest,……

2.Excuse me, I haven't had the honor of knowing you.3.I'm glad to have the honor of introducing…… 4.Small world, isn't it? 5.Thank you for coming all the way to our company.6.I hop you'll enjoy your stay here.7.host a receptipn banquet in your honor

高级口译笔记——称谓口译

一、以“总……”表示的首席长官,可选择general、chief、head这类词表示。总书记 general secretary 总工程师 chief engineer 总会计师 chief accountant 总经理 general manager 总代理 general agent 总教练 head coach

二、一些行业的职称头衔,直接用“高级”或“资深”来表示,可用"senior"来称呼。高级记者 senior reporter 高级讲师 senior lecturer

三、“首席”英语常用chief来表达。

首席执行官 chief cxecutive officer(CEO) 首席顾问 chief advisor 首席检察官 chief inspector

四、还有一些高级职务带“长”字,例如: 参谋长 chief of staff 护士长 head nurse 秘书长 secretary-general

五、以“副”字的表示副职的行政职务头衔,可用vice、deputy表达。副总统 vice president 副主席 vice chairman 副总理 vice minister 副秘书长 deputy secretary-general 副书记 deputy secretary 副市长 deputy mayor

六、学术头衔的“副”职称,常用aociate表示。副教授 aociate profeor

副研究员 aociate research fellow 副审判长 aociate judge 副主任医师 aociate doctor

七、学术头衔中的初级职称如“助理”,我们可以用aistant来称呼。助理教授 aistant profeor 助理研究员 aistant research fellow 助理工程师 aistant engineer

八、一般说来,“代理”可译作acting,例如: 代理市长 acting mayor 代理总理 acting premier 代理主任 acting director

九、常务”可以用“managing"表示。常务理事 managing director 常务副校长 managing vice president

十、执行”可译作executive 执行秘书 executive secretary 执行主席 executive chairman 十

一、还有很多称谓的英语表达方式难以归类,这就需要我们日积月累,逐步总结。例如: 办公室主任 office manager 车间主任 workshop manager 客座教授 visiting profeor 村长 village head 税务员 tax collector 股票交易员 stock dealer 十

二、最后是我们国家特有的一些荣誉称号的口译。劳动模范 model worker

优秀员工 ortstanding employee 标兵 pacemaker

三好学生 "triple-A" outstanding student; outstanding student 美国人最爱用的个性短语!超全,超native! Thousand times no! 绝对办不到!

Easy does it.慢慢来。

Don't push me.别逼我。 Have a good of it.玩的很高兴。

What is the fu? 吵什么? Still up? 还没睡呀?

It doesn't make any differences.没关系。 Don't let me down.别让我失望。

God works.上帝的安排。

Don't take ill of me.别生我气。

Does it serve your purpose? 对你有用吗?

Don't flatter me.过奖了。

Big mouth! 多嘴驴! Sure thing! 当然!

I''m going to go.我这就去。 Never mind.不要紧。

Can-do.能人。 Close-up.特写镜头。

Drop it! 停止!

Bottle it! 闭嘴!

Don''t play poum! 别装蒜!

There is nobody by that name working here.这里没有这个人。

Break the rules.反规则。

How big of you! 你真棒!

Poor thing! 真可怜!

Nuts! 呸;胡说;混蛋

Make it up! 不记前嫌!

Watch you mouth.注意言辞。

Any urgent thing? 有急事吗?

Don't over do it.别太过分了。

Can you dig it? 你搞明白了吗?

You want a bet? 你想打赌吗?

What if I go for you? 我替你去怎么样?

Who wants? 谁稀罕?

Follow my nose.凭直觉做某事。

Gild the lily.画蛇添足。

I'll be seeing you.再见。

I wonder if you can give me a lift? 能让我搭一程吗?

I might hear a pin drop.非常寂静。

Why are you so sure? 怎么这样肯定?

Is that so? 是这样吗?

Don't get loaded.别喝醉了。

Don't get high hat.别摆架子。

Right over there.就在那里。

Doggy bag.打包袋。

That rings a bell.听起来耳熟。

Sleeping on both ears.睡的香。

Play hooky.旷工、旷课。

I am the one wearing pants in the house.我当家.

It's up in the air.尚未确定。

I am all ears.我洗耳恭听。

Get cold feet.害怕做某事。

Good for you! 好得很!

Help me out.帮帮我。

Let's bag it.先把它搁一边。

Lose head.丧失理智。

Talk truly.有话直说。

He is the pain on neck.他真让人讨厌。

You bet! 一定,当然!

That is a boy! 太好了,好极了!

It's up to you.由你决定。

The line is engaged.占线。

My hands are full right now.我现在很忙。

Don't make up a story.不要捏造事实。

Absence makes the heart grow fonder.小别胜新婚。

She make a me of things.她把事情搞得一塌糊涂。

Get an eyeful.看个够。

He has a quick eye.他的眼睛很锐利。

Shoot the breeze.闲谈。

Tell me when! 随时奉陪!

Let's play it by ear.让我们随兴所至。

Why so blue? 怎么垂头丧气?

What brought you here? 什么风把你吹来了?

Chin up.不气 ,振作些。

You never know.世事难料。

High jack! 举起手来(抢劫)!

She'll be along in a few minutes.他马上会过来。

He is a fast talker.他是个吹牛大王。

I'll get even with him one day.我总有一天跟他扯平

She's got quite a wad.她身怀巨款。

I don't have anywhere to be.没地方可去。

I'm dying to see you.我很想见你。

Nothing tricky.别耍花招。

Price is soaring, if it goes on like this, we shall not be able to keep the pot boiling. 物价直线上升,这样子下去,我们锅里可没什么东西煮饭。

None of you keyhole.不准偷看。

Come on, be reasonable.嗨,你怎么不讲道理。

You don't say so.未必吧,不至于这样吧。

Don't get me wrong.别误会我。

You don't seem to be quite yourself today.你今天看起来不大对劲。

Do you have any money on you? 你身上带钱了吗?

Dinner is on me.晚饭我请。

Not precisely! 不见得,不一定!

We have no way out.我们没办法。

I hate to be late and keep my date waiting.我不喜欢迟到而让别人久等。

It doesn't take much of you time.这不花你好多时间。

Not in the long run.从长远来说不是这样的。

It is of high quality.它质量上乘。

He pushes his luck.他太贪心了。

I can't make both ends meet.我上个月接不到下个月,缺钱。

It can be a killer.这是个伤脑筋的问题。

You ask for it! 活该!

英语口语中好用的四词短句

Are you by yourself? 你一个人来吗? Are you kidding me? 跟我开玩笑啊?

Back in a moment! 马上回来! Boys will be boys! 本性难移!

Come to the point! 有话直说! Do I have to? 我一定要做吗?

Don't count on me! 别指望我! Don't fall for it! 别上当!

Don't get me wrong! 你搞错了! Don't give me that! 少来这套!

Don't let me down! 别让我失望! Don't over do it! 别做过头了!

Drop me a line!要写信给我! Easy come easy go! 来得容易去也快! Get a move on! 快点吧! Give me a break! 饶了我吧!

Glad you like it! 很高兴你喜欢! Great minds think alike! 英雄所见略同!

He always talks big! 他老是吹牛! He's a double croer! 他是个骗子!

I cro my heart! 我发誓是真的! I just made it! 我做到了!

I watch my money! 视财如命! I'll be right back! 我马上回来!

I'll check it out! 我去查查看! I’ll see to it! 我会留意的! I'm down and out! 我穷困潦倒! I’m in a hurry! 我赶时间!

I’m not that bad! 我没那么差吧? I’m short on cash! 我缺钱!

I’ve got the blues! 我很郁闷!

If I were you...=if I were in your shoes如果我是你... It kills my eyes! 太好看了! It’s Greek to me! 我完全不懂!

It’s no big deal! 没什么大不了的! It’s worth a try! 值得一试!

Just wait and see! 等着瞧! Know what I mean? 明白我的意思吧?

Let’s change the subject! 换个话题吧! My mouth is watering! 我要流口水了! No pain no gain! 吃一堑长一智! None of your busine! 没你事! 全方位测测自己的英语水平>>

She’s under the weather! 她今天很忧郁! So far, so good! 还过得去!

Speaking of the devil! 说曹操,曹操到! Stay away from me! 离我远点!

That makes no difference! 不都一样吗? The walls have ears! 隔墙有耳!

We better get going! 最好马上就走! We’re all for it! 我们都赞成!

What’s on your mind? 你在想什么? You are the bo! 你是老大!

You asked for it! 你自讨苦吃! You have my word! 我保证!

You want a bet? 你敢打赌吗? You’re pulling my leg! 你开玩笑吧? You’re really killing me! 真是笑死我了!

第15篇:口译

口译高频词汇

亚太经合组织APEC 石油输出国组织OPEC 东盟ASENA 上海合作组织SHCO 北西洋公约组织NATO 方兴未艾hasn\'t run its full course 礼仪规范etiquette patterns 政府换界government reshuffle 政企分开separate governmental functions from busine operation 技术改造technological upgrading 康复中心rehab center 西气东输transport the gas resources from the west to the eastern coastal cities 南水北调channel the water resources from the south to the thirsty north 借此机会on this occasion 盛情邀请gracious hospitality 深层次的原因the underlying reasons 拜访老朋友结交新朋友renew old friendships and establish new contacts 逐步淘汰phase out, 逐步引进phase in 招商引资 attract investments (from overseas) 政府搭台,部门推动,企业唱戏 Governments set up the stage, various departments cooperate and enterprise put in the show.知识产权 intellectual property rights 致命要害 Achilles\' heel 智囊团、思想库 the brain trust; think tank 中华世纪坛 China Millennium Monument 众口难调 It is difficult to cater to all tastes 综合国力 comprehensive national strength 抓住机遇 seize the opportunity 一言既出,驷马难追 A real man never goes back on his words.以经济建设为中心 focusing on the central task of economic construction 有理想、有道德、有文化、有纪律 with lofty ideals, integrity, knowledge and a strong sense of discipline 与国际市场接轨 integrate with the world market; become integrated into the global market 欲速则不达 Haste does not bring succe.撞了一下腰knock into my waist搂住某人的腰hold sb by the waist 邂逅encounter 优化出口商品结构rationalize the export mix 产业结构industrial structure/能源结构energy mix 制定相关法律lay down/formulate a set of laws.颁布enact 立足中国,放眼世界take our root in China, and cast our sight to the world 在过去的几十年in the past several decades 国情national circumstances 全面推向现代化的进程中in an all-out drive for its modernization 基本国策a fundamental state policy 本着互惠互利精神in the spirit of mutual benefit 世人many people of world over 本末倒置put the cart before the horse 高度关注watch with interest 硕果累累yield more fruits in days to come 造福于民in the service of your people 既可耻又势利a shameful piece of snobbery 酗酒成性drunk brute 巴结cozy up to 个人主观能动性individual initiative 骄傲荣幸be proud and honored 字面意思literally means 翻了两番quadrupled 双方优势最大化maximizes he strengths of both parties 幅员辽阔maive land 自然资源丰富abundant natural resources 投资意向investment proposal 起步embark on 外汇储备foreign exchange reserve 权益关系the relation of rights and interest 合作期限the term of partnership 正合我意coincide with my ideas 大有收获a rewarding day 远道而来come all the way from 据说it is said that 正确的看法correct observation 特价special offer 月票monthly pa 穿梭于两地间的航班shuttle and commuter flights 获得诺贝尔奖的Nobel prize winning 自暴自弃的self-defeating 空谈futile talk 强制性化验mandatory testing 公务为先的心态the get-down-to-busine first mentality 商务活动busine practices 归属感a sense of belonging in a community 利与弊merit and demerit 气象万千diversity 民间组织non-governmental sector 文明的摇篮cradle of civilization 共同愿望a common aspiration 祝酒propose a toast 贸易集团trade bloc 政经一体化political and economic integration 远未能满足需求a far cry from meeting demands 相对来讲comparatively speaking 美妙音乐splendid music 融洽的气氛congenial atmosphere 热情雄辩的讲话gracious and eloquent remarks 不受外力干扰free of outside interference 嘉宾distinguished guests 明月当空moon-lit evening 全体同仁delicates 从百忙中拔冗光临take your time off your busy schedule 新春联欢晚会new year celebrating party 尽情品尝taste to your heat content 美酒佳肴cuisine and vintage wine 万事如意very best of lick of everything 借鉴merits one’s reference

分工协作division of responsibilities 拿固定工资的人pocket-protected people 付出惨重的代价take a heavy toll 性价比versioning 重视地位status-conscious 毗邻akin to / adjacent to /admit of / in the neighbourhood of 没有确定答案的问题 opening questions 得寸进尺give aninch take a mile 转租sublet; 租房房东letter 紧缩资金fiancial retrechment 让人心动eye-poping 张灯结彩festoon with lights 足疗师chiropodist 人才流失brain drain 隔墙有耳pitcher have ears 每天都活得精彩make every day counts 一笑而过grin and bear it 将人才收入麾下attract the right talent into their folds 绝妙图景marvelous picture 凄美beautiful and sad 尖端武器sophisticated weapon 色彩斑澜的城市生活sophisticated city life 不坐班no office hour 桃面朱唇rosy cheeks and red lips 眼前利益immediate yield 立杆见影instant effect 研究结果显示research findings show 竭诚seeks to 坦诚相待be honest and candid to each other 说梦话talk in sleep 钟点工accommodator 差旅费fares tickets 恍然大悟enlightening 攀登rise up to the heights 讲到心坎里echo te sentiments among the staff 历史源远流长a time honoured history 永不言败的精神作风never-say-die approach 回顾过去展望未来look forward look backward 求同存异seek common ground and put aside our differences 达成共识reach an agreement 推陈出新accumulation and innovation 金融英语词汇“译”网打尽(转)

account number 帐目编号 depositor 存户 pay-in slip 存款单 a deposit form 存款单

a banding machine 自动存取机 to deposit 存款

deposit receipt 存款收据 private deposits 私人存款 certificate of deposit 存单 deposit book, pabook 存折 credit card 信用卡 principal 本金

overdraft, overdraw 透支 to counter sign 双签 to endorse 背书 endorser 背书人 to cash 兑现

to honor a cheque 兑付 to dishonor a cheque 拒付 to suspend payment 止付 cheque,check 支票 cheque book 支票本 order cheque 记名支票 bearer cheque 不记名支票 croed cheque 横线支票 blank cheque 空白支票 rubber cheque 空头支票

cheque stub, counterfoil 票根 cash cheque 现金支票

traveler\'s cheque 旅行支票 cheque for transfer 转帐支票 outstanding cheque 未付支票 canceled cheque 已付支票 forged cheque 伪支票 Bandar\'s note 庄票,银票 banker 银行家 president 行长

savings bank 储蓄银行 Chase Bank 大通银行

National City Bank of New York 花旗银行

Hongkong Shanghai Banking Corporation 汇丰银行

Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China 麦加利银行 Banque de I\'IndoChine 东方汇理银行

central bank, national bank, banker\'s bank 中央银行 bank of iue, bank of circulation 发行币银行 commercial bank 商业银行,储蓄信贷银行 member bank, credit bank 储蓄信贷银行 discount bank 贴现银行 exchange bank 汇兑银行

requesting bank 委托开证银行

iuing bank, opening bank 开证银行 advising bank, notifying bank 通知银行 negotiation bank 议付银行 confirming bank 保兑银行 paying bank 付款银行

aociate banker of collection 代收银行 consigned banker of collection 委托银行 clearing bank 清算银行 local bank 本地银行 domestic bank 国内银行 overseas bank 国外银行 unincorporated bank 钱庄 branch bank 银行分行

trustee savings bank 信托储蓄银行 trust company 信托公司

financial trust 金融信托公司 unit trust 信托投资公司

trust institution 银行的信托部 credit department 银行的信用部

commercial credit company(discount company) 商业信贷公司(贴现公司) neighborhood savings bank, bank of deposit 街道储蓄所 credit union 合作银行 credit bureau 商业兴信所 self-service bank 无人银行 land bank 土地银行

construction bank 建设银行

industrial and commercial bank 工商银行 bank of communications 交通银行 mutual savings bank 互助储蓄银行

post office savings bank 邮局储蓄银行 mortgage bank, building society 抵押银行 industrial bank 实业银行 home loan bank 家宅贷款银行 reserve bank 准备银行 chartered bank 特许银行 corresponding bank 往来银行

merchant bank, accepting bank 承兑银行 investment bank 投资银行

import and export bank (EXIMBANK) 进出口银行 joint venture bank 合资银行 money shop, native bank 钱庄 credit cooperatives 信用社 clearing house 票据交换所 public accounting 公共会计 busine accounting 商业会计 cost accounting 成本会计

depreciation accounting 折旧会计 computerized accounting 电脑化会计 general ledger 总帐

subsidiary ledger 分户帐 cash book 现金出纳帐 cash account 现金帐

journal, day-book 日记帐,流水帐 bad debts 坏帐 investment 投资 surplus 结余

idle capital 游资

economic cycle 经济周期 economic boom 经济繁荣

economic receion 经济衰退 economic depreion 经济萧条 economic crisis 经济危机 economic recovery 经济复苏 inflation 通货膨胀 deflation 通货收缩 devaluation 货币贬值 revaluation 货币增值

international balance of payment 国际收支 favourable balance 顺差 adverse balance 逆差 hard currency 硬通货 soft currency 软通货

international monetary system 国际货币制度 the purchasing power of money 货币购买力 money in circulation 货币流通量 note iue 纸币发行量 national budget 国家预算

national gro product 国民生产总值 public bond 公债 stock, share 股票 debenture 债券

treasury bill 国库券 debt chain 债务链

direct exchange 直接(对角)套汇 indirect exchange 间接(三角)套汇 cro rate, arbitrage rate 套汇汇率

foreign currency (exchange) reserve 外汇储备 banker 银行家 president 行长

savings bank 储蓄银行 Chase Bank 大通银行

National City Bank of New York 花旗银行

Hongkong Shanghai Banking Corporation 汇丰银行

Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China 麦加利银行 Banque de I\'IndoChine 东方汇理银行

central bank, national bank, banker\'s bank 中央银行 bank of iue, bank of circulation 发行币银行 commercial bank 商业银行,储蓄信贷银行 member bank, credit bank 储蓄信贷银行 discount bank 贴现银行 exchange bank 汇兑银行

requesting bank 委托开证银行

iuing bank, opening bank 开证银行 advising bank, notifying bank 通知银行 negotiation bank 议付银行 confirming bank 保兑银行 paying bank 付款银行

aociate banker of collection 代收银行 consigned banker of collection 委托银行 clearing bank 清算银行 local bank 本地银行 domestic bank 国内银行 overseas bank 国外银行 unincorporated bank 钱庄 branch bank 银行分行

trustee savings bank 信托储蓄银行 trust company 信托公司

financial trust 金融信托公司 unit trust 信托投资公司

trust institution 银行的信托部 credit department 银行的信用部

commercial credit company(discount company) 商业信贷公司(贴现公司) neighborhood savings bank, bank of deposit 街道储蓄所 credit union 合作银行 credit bureau 商业兴信所 self-service bank 无人银行 land bank 土地银行

construction bank 建设银行

industrial and commercial bank 工商银行 bank of communications 交通银行 mutual savings bank 互助储蓄银行

post office savings bank 邮局储蓄银行 mortgage bank, building society 抵押银行 industrial bank 实业银行 home loan bank 家宅贷款银行 reserve bank 准备银行 chartered bank 特许银行 corresponding bank 往来银行

merchant bank, accepting bank 承兑银行 investment bank 投资银行

import and export bank (EXIMBANK) 进出口银行 joint venture bank 合资银行 money shop, native bank 钱庄 credit cooperatives 信用社 clearing house 票据交换所 public accounting 公共会计 busine accounting 商业会计 cost accounting 成本会计

depreciation accounting 折旧会计 computerized accounting 电脑化会计 general ledger 总帐

subsidiary ledger 分户帐 cash book 现金出纳帐 cash account 现金帐

journal, day-book 日记帐,流水帐 bad debts 坏帐 investment 投资 surplus 结余

idle capital 游资

economic cycle 经济周期 economic boom 经济繁荣

economic receion 经济衰退 economic depreion 经济萧条 economic crisis 经济危机 economic recovery 经济复苏 inflation 通货膨胀 deflation 通货收缩 devaluation 货币贬值 revaluation 货币增值

international balance of payment 国际收支 favourable balance 顺差 adverse balance 逆差 hard currency 硬通货 soft currency 软通货

international monetary system 国际货币制度 the purchasing power of money 货币购买力 money in circulation 货币流通量 note iue 纸币发行量 national budget 国家预算

national gro product 国民生产总值 public bond 公债 stock, share 股票 debenture 债券

treasury bill 国库券 debt chain 债务链

direct exchange 直接(对角)套汇 indirect exchange 间接(三角)套汇 cro rate, arbitrage rate 套汇汇率

foreign currency (exchange) reserve 外汇储备 foreign exchange fluctuation 外汇波动 foreign exchange crisis 外汇危机 discount 贴现

discount rate, bank rate 贴现率 gold reserve 黄金储备

money (financial) market 金融市场 stock exchange 股票交易所 broker 经纪人 commiion 佣金 bookkeeping 簿记 bookkeeper 簿记员

an application form 申请单 bank statement 对帐单 letter of credit 信用证 strong room, vault 保险库

equitable tax system 等价税则 specimen signature 签字式样

banking hours, busine hours 营业时间

第16篇:口译

北京语言大学网络教育学院

《口译》期末试卷 模拟试卷

一、Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1.A friend convinces you that there really is an unlocked door just waiting for you to open it.朋友会让你确信,真的有一扇不加锁的门,在等待着你去开启。

2.Former South African President Nelson Mandela\'s 13-year-old great-granddaughter was killed in a car crash Friday ahead of the World Cup opening match, which Mandela planned to attend.南非前总统尼尔森·曼德拉13岁的曾孙女11日在世界杯开幕前夕不幸遭遇车祸身亡。曼德拉原计划参加开幕式。

3.China\'s social environment is changing, as people dare to expre their private life and love values in public.中国的社会环境在不断变化,人们现在敢于在公众场合谈论私生活和爱情价值观。

4.National Eye-Care Day aims to promote awarene of the importance of preventive eye care.全国爱眼日的目的在于宣传预防措施对于保护眼睛的重要性。

5.The Queen Elizabeth II‟s birthday is celebrated twice a year, privately on April 21, her actual birthday, and again with an official national celebration in June, when the weather is better.

伊丽莎白二世女王每年庆生两次,4月21日会举行私人宴会庆祝真正的生日,然后待6月天气好转时,再正式举行全国庆典。

二、Translate the following sentences into English.1.人们普遍认为吸烟与肺癌发病成正比关系。

It has been commonly thought that there is a positive correlation between cigarette smoking and the incidence of lung cancer.2.许多科学家没有被目前的证据说服。

Many scientists remain unconvinced by the current evidence.3.旅游业是这个国家的主要收入来源。 Tourism is the country‟s main source of income.4.这一切都发生在一瞬间,我还没来得及反思。

All has happened in a flash, so fast that I don‟t have time to reflect.

5.加拿大最新研究发现,幼儿2岁时看电视时间如果过长,10岁时将会受到负面影响。

A new Canadian study finds that watching too much TV at age 2 might cause problems at age 10.

三、Translate the following short paages into Chinese.1.Chinese people lack a sense of citizenship.They only regard themselves as family members, not citizens.They should act as the masters of the country to promote reform and supervise the government.中国公民意识不高,光是考虑到是一个家庭的成员,而没有考虑到我是一个公民,我是这个国家的主人,我要去推动改革、我要去监督政府。

2.Monday\'s eay questions for the annual college entrance exam (gaokao) not only attracted attention at home but also abroad.Peter Foster, a Daily Telegraph reporter, posted the eay questions from national and provincial papers to his blogs, saying the \"brainteasers\" are \"creative\".He hoped readers could enjoy them for \"amusement and general brain-food.\" 周一的高考作文不仅是国人关注的热点,老外也不惜笔墨进行报道。英国《每日电讯报》记者彼得·福斯特把全国和各省的作文题目发表到博客中,希望\"给大家提供点用以娱乐的精神食粮\"。他用\"脑筋急转弯\"来比喻这些题目,称其\"富有创意\"。

3.Women may not be able to read maps but they may be better at remembering routes than men if they have been to the place before, claims a new study, the Daily Telegraph reported.Researchers believe it is because women are much better at remembering landmarks than men.They said it is to do with the different roles men and women played in early primitive years as hunters.据英国《每日电讯报》报道,最新研究发现,虽然女性读图认路能力不如男性,但她们更擅长记住以前走过的路。这是因为女性更容易记住路标。研究者解释,狩猎时代男女分工的不同造成了这种差异。

四、Translate the following short paages into English.

1、不要临时抱佛脚。

人们总喜欢把学习一推再推,直到考试的前一天。殊不知,这种方法一般都会使你考得很糟糕。考试方面的专家认为,你应该很早就开始学习,这可以使你有足够的时间吸收这些知识。如果有不懂的地方,还有时间去问别人。而且这样的话,你可以在考试的前一天晚上美美地睡上一觉。

Don’t be a last-minute crammer.It‟s tempting to put off studying until the day before the exam.Unfortunately, this method almost guarantees poor results.Test-taking experts agree that you need to start studying way ahead of time.This gives you time to really absorb the information.And if there is something that you don‟t understand, you‟ll have time to get help.You‟ll also be able to get a good night‟s sleep on the night before the exam.

2、致富的关键是你有想致富的心态。我这样说是因为我在玩“大富翁”游戏时就有了致富的想法。那时,我才九岁,就在游戏的操作台上找到了获取财富的最有效的规则。我九岁时,我的穷爸爸,一位教书匠说,“啊, 把游戏放一边。学习,学习,学习!你玩„大富翁‟就是浪费时间。” 而我的富爸爸说出了那个规则,“你必须要开阔视野看到„大富翁‟游戏中的那条规则。”他说,“规则就在你面前。”接着我又问道,“那条规则是什么内容?”最终我知道那条规则是关于四座绿房子和红色的宾馆。

The most important thing to becoming rich is for you to have a mindset to want to become rich.The reason I say that is because I wanted to become rich when I played Monopoly.That was, I was nine years old.The greatest formula for wealth is found on that board game.When I was nine years old my poor dad, the schoolteacher said, “Ah put the game away.Study, study, study! You‟re wasting your time playing Monopoly.” And my rich dad said the formula, “You must open your mind and see the formula right on Monopoly.” He said, “It‟s right in front of you.” And I went, “What‟s the formula?” And finally I learned the formula is, four green houses, red hotel, four green houses, red hotel.3.虽然日本女人在世界上是受教育最高的女人,但以西方标准来衡量的话,她们在自己的国家是二等公民。传统的价值观不鼓励女人们表现得坦率和独立,鄙视那些想在政治或经济上往上爬的女人。只有四分之一的日本大公司里在中层或更高层管理层里有女性员工。一般女性的年收入只有男人的一半。

Though Japanese women are among the best-educated women in the world, they are, by Western standards, second-cla citizens in their own country.Traditional values discourage women from appearing outspoken or independent-minded and demoralize those who try to climb the political or busine hierarchies.Only one-fourth of major Japanese corporations have any women at all in the middle-management or higher ranks.The average woman‟s annual income amounts to only half that of a man‟s.

《口译》第一次作业

Directions: Translate the following sentences into Chinese.(英译汉) 1. As the world’s most robust economic region, China has attracted worldwide attention with its remarkable achievement over the past decade.中国作为世界上最有活力的经济区域在过去20年里以其显著的成就引起了全球的广泛注意。

2. Teaching is the greatest public service and we owe teachers our admiration and respect.教学是最伟大的公共事业,我们应对教师表示赞赏和尊敬。

3. China’s four great invention of paper making, gunpowder, printing and compa have had a huge impact on the entire world.

中国的四大发明纸、火药、印刷术、指南针对整个世界产生了巨大的影响。

4. We wish to enter into busine relations with your company.Your wish to establish long-term cooperation relations coincides with ours.我们希望同贵公司建立业务关系。你们想与我们建立长期的合作伙伴关系。 5. If you ever pa my home, do drop in.如果你路过我家,希望你光临寒舍。

6. In America, people are more interested in improving their life on earth.And they have a strong faith in their ability to improve conditions through their own efforts.在美国,人们的兴趣在提高他们的生活。他们很有信心他们有能力通过自己的努力改善生活的条件。

7. The party was perfectly organized and I enjoyed every minute of it.And I am very grateful for this nice arrangement.这个晚会组织的完美无缺,我玩的十分尽兴。我很感激这个美好的安排。 8. As the largest developing country, China is willing to develop economic and trade cooperation with all countries and regions of good will.做为最大的发展中国家,中国愿为发展经济和贸易合作与所有国家和地区达成一致。

9. Yoga, developed by the ancient sages of India, is a system of personal development encompaing body, mind, and spirit that dates back more than 5000 years ago.瑜珈,是由5000年前印度古代先人发展而来的,是一个专门针对如何发展个人的身体、心和精神的运动。

《口译》第二次作业

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English.(汉译英) 1.这是你第几次来中国?

Is this your which time comes to China? 2. 拥有共同的标准,配以最佳的实践,将是进一步推动我们这一产业和团体进步的关键。 Own the common standard , match it with optimum practice, will be to drive our this one estate and progreive key of group further.3. 我今天荣幸地在这里参加会议,共同探讨我们对发展中国家金融前景的看法,并就此提出我们的建议。

It gives me great pleasure to attend this meeting and share our visions on the prospect of financial sectors in developing countries.

4. 从历史文化来了解和认识中国,是一个重要的视角。

To know and acquaintance China from history and culture , it is an important visual angle.5. 中国在全面推进现代化的过程中,不仅将实现经济持续发展视为一项重要战略,同时也将生态环境的保护视为一项基本国策。

During the proce of China’s modernization in an all-round way, economic development will continue to be a central task while eco-environmental protection will be taken as a basic state policy.6. 房屋市场一直被看好,具有巨大发展潜力,国务院取消福利分房后,房地产市场已经趋于活跃。

Housing market has enjoyed popular confidence for its huge developmental potential.Since the state council cancelled the welfare-oriented public housing distribution system, housing market has witneed rising vitality.

7. 象征着中国古代文明的长城是世界上最著名的建筑之一。它位于北京西北约75公里处。 The Great Wall which symbolize the ancient Chinese culture is one of the most famous architectures in the world.It located at 75 km away from Beijing.

8. 人们常说,到了北京不吃烤鸭是最大的遗憾。在我们动筷之前,我来给大家简单介绍介绍吧。

It’s widely said a pity traveling to Beijing without tasting Peking duck.Before we have dinner please allow me to give a brief introduction.

9. 我们得让你走了。你的工作达不到我们对雇员工作质量的要求,虽然你似乎是很忙。另外,你和其他雇员配合也不太好。

We have to let you go.Your work failed to meet our requirement on employees, though you always appeared being busy.Besides, your cooperation with other staff was not adequate 10. 虽然不同地区的语言因差异巨大而互不相通,然而从语言的基本原理以及对一些具体的交际问题的处理方法上看,它们却有着许多共同之处。

Even thought different area\'s language is totally different, according to the basic theory of language and some specific approaches to solve relationship affairs, they have some similarities.

《口译》第三次作业

一、问答/综合题

1. Hong Kong is a unique meeting place for East and West, blending Chinese heritage, British colonial influences, high-tech modernity and Cantonese gusto.It offers a diversity of travel experiences, from shopping, to gourmet dining, to countryside pursuits and unique cultural heritage, including a great variety of religious institutions and preserved buildings like temples, monasteries, walled villages, clan halls and colonial structures.香港是一个中西合璧的城市,既保留传统的中国文化,又深受英殖民地时代的影响。香港位处广东沿岸,地方色彩相当浓厚,同时也是积极发展高科技的现代化城市。香港是著名的旅游胜地,这儿有购物消闲好去处,有享誉国际的佳肴美食,有风景怡人的大自然景色和独特的文化遗产,包括庙宇、寺院、围、祠堂和富有殖民地色彩的古物古迹。

2. Directions: There are two paages, please translate it into Chinese, and write down your answer on the answer sheet.(英译汉段落翻译)Ladies and gentlemen, I’d like to report on my recent investigation of the current situation of China’s automobile market.//

Considering the fact that there is only one car for every 250 Chinese at present, the potential auto market is extremely attractive.//

China has cut its average tariff rate several times and promised to continue to cut its automobile import tariff.China has virtually opened its auto market to the outside world.//

China is seeking partners for its automobile industry, and we should walk up and take the opportunity.女士们,先生们,我向诸位汇报一下我对中国汽车市场现状所作的调查。//

目前中国的轿车拥有量为每250人仅一辆车。因此,这个潜在的市场具有极大的诱惑力。//

中国已数次下降关税,并承诺将继续降低汽车进口关税,中国汽车市场的大门已经敞开。// 中国正在寻求汽车工业的合资伙伴。我们的机会就在眼前。

《口译》第四次作业

一、问答/综合题

1. 麦当劳不仅把中国人带进一种新的餐饮方式,还使他们接收一种新的行为举止。这些举止表明,他们在接受麦当劳快餐的同时,也逐步接受伴随而来的外国餐桌行为文化。这种餐桌行为文化简洁地依靠一股温暖的纯黄体现出来,这使中国人对这种外来饮食模式空前认同。于是,试图将中餐与麦当劳分店形式结合起来的尝试出现了,我们也在各大城市看到了各种中餐连锁店。它们的色调是橙色的,正如红加上黄。专家们研究表明,橙色是最能勾起食欲的颜色。无怪乎中西合璧之后的餐饮行当,无不是取调于这两者的均衡。

McDonald’s not only ushers Chinese people to a new catering style, but also introduces them new dinner behavior, which means people have accepted McDonald’s fast food and the foreign dinner culture along with it.This dinner culture is presented simply by the shinning yellow color which gains great acceptance among Chinese people.In turn, there emerged new restaurants combining Chinese cuisine and McDonald’s operation mode in many big cities.They all share the orange color, like red mixed with yellow.According to experts, the orange color is the most apatite-arousing color.No wonder those restaurants are all dominated by these colors.

2. Directions: There are two paages, please translate it into English, and write down your answer on the answer sheet.(汉译英段落翻译)地铁是地下的高速火车系统,主要出现在像纽约、伦敦、巴黎、北京、悉尼和东京这样的大城市。

地铁比公共汽车速度快、效率高,它们可以把你送到城里的几乎任一地段,然后你只需再步行一段距离就可到达你想去的地方。

地铁票价便宜,有助于解决城市的交通问题。

地铁唯一的缺点就是它经常拥挤嘈杂。

Subways are underground systems of high speed trains, which are mostly found in large cities such as New York, London, Paris, Beijing, Sydney, and Tokyo.Subway trains move more quickly and efficiently than buses; they will deliver you to within walking distance of almost any place in the city.They are inexpensive and help solve city traffic problems.The one drawback of subway trains is that they are often crowded and noisy.

第17篇:口译

o o

He was stoned last night.他昨晚受到攻击。 他被石头砸。 他摔伤了。 他昨晚喝醉了。

解释:stoned 是俚语,此处为“醉的”(意为喝醉或被麻醉品麻醉)。本例不是被动句,因为stoned是形容词,做表语。

o 下列哪个是“妻管严”一词最好的翻译:

henpecked

afraid of one's wife controled by one's wife inferior to one's wife

o brown sugar 白砂糖 红糖 糖果 冰糖

解释:brown sugar:红糖

o 深圳经济特区

Special Economic Zone for Shenzhen Shenzhen Special Economic Zone Economic Zone for Shenzhen the Special Economic Zone with Shenzhen

o quack可以用来比喻:

聒噪的人 庸医 吹牛皮的人 骗子

o AIDS的全称是Acquired Immune __________ Syndrome

Deficiency Disease Default Deform

o go to great lengths 是什么意思?

尝试做某事 竭尽全力做某事 行为怠慢,不加约束 达到很高的等级

o abortion 放弃 人工流产 滥用职权 废除法律

o cramp的意思是

抽筋 露营 碰撞

o think on one's feet

换位思考

头脑反应很快 站着思想 用脚思考

o “煎”的英语是:

stir-frying deep-frying pan-frying quick-frying

o life sentence 寿命

判处无期徒刑 没法解决的难题 尽心尽力的

o “资金”英语怎么说:

const money cash fund

o Never is a long word.这句话的意思是: never是一个很长的单词 别把话说绝了 一言难尽 不堪回首

o bend one's ear 喋喋不休 抓耳挠腮 耳濡目染 耳提面命

o age discrimination 年龄歧视 年龄分布 年龄特征

年龄大的弱势群体

o 转基因食品GM food中GM的全称是:

genetically moved genetically modified genetically made genetically modeled

o “消费税”的英语是:

consumer tax buying tax purchase tax cost tax

o Promise little,but do much.少许诺,多做事。 求助,但不行.解释:少许诺,

o habor _______(内心有着抱负,愿望)

inspirations restorations aspirations perspirations

o “黄酒”英语怎么说:

yellow wine yellow rice beer yellow rice wine yellow beer

o apportion 逮捕 犹豫 分配 归因于

o be all over sb 看不起某人 巴结某人 超过某人

o “第三产业”英语是:

third industry tertiary industry third sector tertiary sector

o 下降,数量或质量减少,情况变糟

go north go west go south go east

解释:go south 这个说法来源于地图上北下南的规定,所以go south可以用来代表任何下降、变坏的趋势。可以用来形容和某人的关系,经济走势,或者物品的变坏。eg.The stock market went south after a brief morning rally, o Chinatown是指:

中国镇 中国乡村 唐人街 中国城市

o real bomb 舞台上表现欠佳或失败 实物炸弹 正确投掷 成功

o be on the rocks 出现财政困难 搁浅 计划中止 进退两难

解释:eg.That company is on the rocks.那家公司财政困难会破产。

o The last thing they heard from the pilot was 'over and out'.其中over and out的意思是指:

你死定了 你被捕了 通话完毕 你可以走了

o 喉炎”用英文表示是:

laryngitis pharyngitis throatogitis bronchitis

o foie gras是下列哪道名菜:

鱼子酱 法式蜗牛 鹅肝 意大利面 o market acce 市场准入 市场份额 市场经济 市场地位

o strictly for the birds 不重要,没有意思 一丝不苟 严格 有趣地

o “伤残保险”的英语是:

disability insurance retirement insurance unemployment insurance medical insurance

o CPC Founding Day 六一儿童节 建党节 中国航海日 端午节

o 你对“It's a good father that knows his son。”的含义是如何理解的呢?

就算不是最好的父亲,也能了解自己的儿子。 就算是最好的父亲,也未必了解自己的儿子。 就是不是最好的父亲,也不该不了解自己的儿子。 他是个了解自己儿子的好父亲。

解释:英语当中有一些习惯用语,就像是我们的母语一样,但是对中国的孩子来说,这个将是学习上的更是理解层面的原因。这次提供的题目就是难倒了很多专业翻译的题目,试试你的语感吧,有的时候做这种题目需要的不仅仅是词汇量呀!!!

o close to the vest 友好的 贴心的

小心谨慎不让别人知道 到达极点

o open dialogues 畅所欲言 开场白 公开对话 开幕式发言

o 保险箱的密码用英文表达是

paword safe code paword coded number

o “系主任”的英语是:

director dean president chairman

o job discrimination 工作歧视 职业操守 工作规范 就业压力

o

o capital punishment 死刑 经济制裁 罚款 监禁

o musty的意思是

发霉的 必须的 强大的 强权的

o close to the vest 友好的 贴心的

小心谨慎不让别人知道 到达极点 o 请问percolate的意思是

渗滤 观测 发牢骚 磨光

o a dandy idea

特别好的主意 爸爸的主意 主意 爸爸的想法

o relative 亲属、亲戚 监护人 长辈,前辈 晚辈,后辈

o She is a study in students.这句意为:

她是学生的典范 她在学生中学习她是研究学生的 她是学生的老师

o take sides的意思是?

站在一个地方 注意旁边 偏袒一方 做出选择

o “五言绝句”是:

Five-character quatrain Five-character octave Five-word poet Five-word octave

o fly off the handle 勃然大怒 开心到极点 攻击某人 幸运中奖

o 易受……伤害

vulnerable to liable to subordinate to subjective to

o start from scratch是什么意思:

从挠、抓开始 白手起家 坐吃山空 重头再来

o facetious是什么意思 匿名的 滑稽的 面部的 美容的

解释:facetious 滑稽的爱开玩笑的 facetious remark 滑稽的话

o “恶性循环”英文说法是:

bad circle vicious circle evil circle dangerous circle

o irritate 灌溉 与……混合 使……高兴、满足 激怒,使……生气

o 核战争

nuclear warfare great nuclear war war of nuclear nuclear with warfare

o irreversible 不可撤销的 不可预料的 不可见的,无形的 不可战胜的

o behind bars

被监禁;坐牢 在酒吧 打官司 在栏杆后面

o 达芬奇密码中提到的“五步抑扬格”英语是:

iambic pentameter five rhyme cadent five

iambic pentarhyme

o lose one's shirt

丢了衬衫 输掉衬衫 失去一切 摆脱累赘

o hula hoop 麻将卡 娃哈哈 计划表 呼啦圈 湖南 o industrious的含义是

勤奋的 顽固的 工业的 产业的

解释:industrious a.勤勉的,刻苦的; 尤指由习惯养成或天性形成的勤奋。

o get your a in gear 赶紧,别磨蹭了 坐好 适应

o off-season 退出,褪却 反季节,淡季

不分季节的,无季节性的 大反转

o xenophobia意为:

仇外 复印机 恐高症 恐水症

o Where there is a will, there is a way! 有志者,事竟成。

哪里有意志,哪里就有出路。 留得青山在不怕没柴烧 有希望就有道路

解释:由where引导的一种句型。

o blow your top 闹翻天 发脾气 折腾

o 倒立rising economy 新兴产业 经济增长 经济繁荣 高级产业

o “财政预算”英语怎么说:

fiscal budget financial budget economic budget monetary budget

o call it a day是指:

糟糕的一天 顺利的一天 就此结束 就此开始

o cut cla 旷课 消减课程 提前下课 中断上课

o 岁月不待人

Tomorrow never comes.Gain time, gain life.

Time and tide wait for no man.No pains, no gains.

o Dutch courage是指:

酒后之勇 胆小怕事 为人强出头 受委屈不吭声

o His talent ____ beyond the conventional disciplines.stretched hitched fetched entrenched

o 京剧中的“净”英语是:

middle-aged male characters clown

male characters "painted face" characters

o a lay person 懒惰的人 外行人 躺着的人 内行人

o “京剧”的英语是:

Beijing opera Jingju Peking opera Chinese opera

o 交通卡用英文怎么说?

public transportation card a public transportation a publictransportationcard a public transportion card a public transportation card

o 以下哪个不是指“物质匮乏的人”?

the needy the have-nots the indigent the underprivileged

o be on the rocks 出现财政困难 搁浅 计划中止 进退两难

解释:eg.That company is on the rocks.那家公司财政困难会破产。

o 东方明珠塔

Oriental Pearl TV Tower Pearl TV Tower

Oriental Pear TV Tower

o “乌龙面”的英语是:

Eel noodles

Sesame paste noodles Seafood noodles Oyster thin noodles

o Don't fu ______ such a minor matter.over at to on

解释:不要小题大做

o have an ear for 识时务者 对……有偏见 窃听,偷听 对某事有鉴赏能力

o 中华人民共和国的翻译

the People's Republic of China the country of China the china

the country of china

o moneybags 财主 钱袋 保险箱 银行

o get above oneself 趾高气扬 超过, 克服 获得成功 取得进展

o 西非经济货币联盟英文缩写是什么?

UE UEMOA ECOWAS EAC

o Read between the lines.是什么意思? 读书.每行之间.画线条.言外之意.

o a horse laugh 偷偷地笑 哈哈大笑 不信任地嘲笑 笑到最后

o pay tribute to 表示敬意 关注 归因于 致力于

o May you live in interesting _____, May you find what you are _____.time/look for times/looking for time/looking for times/look for 解释:愿你生活的时代妙趣横生,愿你心中所想能美梦成真。

o rights and wrongs是什么意思:

行为准则 交通规范 事实真相 为人礼仪

o take one down a button-hole意为:

解扣子

刹一刹某人的威风 恐吓某人 谋杀某人

o 以下哪个不属于中医里所说的内伤七情?

worry surprise fear hatred

o strictly for the birds 不重要,没有意思 一丝不苟 严格 有趣地 。

o potsticker 中头彩 家常便饭 大锅饭 锅贴

o swear not to stop 誓不罢休 誓不两立 决不停止 誓死

o a while back是指:

不久以前 很久以前 刚到家 短暂停留

o egg someone on 怂恿某人 胁迫某人 恐吓某人 打击某人

o “课外的”英语怎么说:

Extracurriculum outside cla recreational amateur

o dock的含义不包含下列哪一个选项

码头 被告席 削减 甲板

o o

good things come in small packages 浓缩的是精华 好事齐分享

成功是一步步积累的

o break the ice 一词的中文释义是?

破冰

打破沉默(僵局)

让我想起了破冰之旅,用的就是这个词 打破规矩 很响的声音

o o

jet-lag 背包 时差 喷气式飞机 行李

解释:倒时差为get over the jet-lag o 与“Not see the wood for the trees ”意义不同的一项?

not see or understand the main point,subject 见树不见林

one is paying too much attention to details 见林不见树

o over easy 是什么意思?

暴露在太阳下 蛋黄向上,只煎一面 两面都煎一下 草鸡蛋

o an aging population 人口老龄化 人口激涨 人口过多 前辈,长辈

o "鸡飞蛋打"怎么说?

chicken fixings egg dance

fall between two stools terrible ending

o You are really a philosopher.这句话是说:

你真想得开

你是一个真正的哲学家 你讲话太无聊了 你总是对人说教

o (飞机等)相撞

tumble to stumble on coincide with collide with

o 专科学位

Master ’s degree Doctor’s degree Master ’s degree

Aociate Bachelor’s degree

o _____ of the field of psychology(心理学这一领域的开创者)

sector factor originator motivator

o “综合性大学”英语是:

all-encompaing university overall university extensive university comprehensive university

o chain effect 连锁反应 负担,镣铐 负面影响 边际效应

o o

sea cucumber是:

海里的黄瓜 海带 海参 珊瑚

o said and done的意思是:

言行一致 说到底 遵守诺言 说大话

o “医疗保险”的英语是:

unemployment insurance medical insurance retirement insurance disability insurance

o employment competitivene 就业竞争力 雇佣比赛 员工竞赛 雇佣竞争力

o shadow play意为:

皮影戏 木偶戏 哑剧 滑稽戏

o in one's birthday suit正确意思是:

身着盛装 穿新衣服 一丝不挂 穿着随意

o innate 人类的 仁慈的 精确的

天生的,固有的

o insolvent的意思是

无法解决的 溶解的 无偿还能力的 毅力

o o “大头贴”英语怎么说:

big-head photo photo sticker small photo instant photo

o 就......来看

Judging by the current situation as it says with respect to

according to the present situation

o “牡蛎细面”的英语是:

Seafood noodles Sesame paste noodles Eel noodles Oyster thin noodles

o heirloom的意思是

继承人 传家宝 织布机 鬃毛

o scratch the surface 开始了解 刚刚学的翻译成浅尝则此 趴在上面 刮掉表皮 难以理解

o 车费

fare fee outlay tip

o facetious stories 可以替换facetious的词是

sarcastic ridiculous factual humourous

o “虚拟现实”在英语中是:

false reality pretend reality mock reality virtual reality

o bear in mind that 考虑到,记住,不忘 忍到极点 沉思

o “up and up”的意思是什么?

活泼的 上进的 诚实的 没事找事的

o 京剧中的“丑”英语是:

middle-aged male characters male characters clown

"painted face" characters

o white collar

白领

不是冤家不碰头 白抓 白色衣领

o criticism that came out of the blue中的out of the blue为何解?

消沉沮丧 极为严格 很有见地 突如其来

o stethoscope的含义是

望远镜 潜望镜 地动仪 听诊器 o “飓风”的英语是:

cyclone typhoon hurricane tornado

o a bird of paage 小人物 过道里的鸟 候鸟,过客 快递

o “患者”可以用下列哪个选项的单词来表示?

sufferer diseaser patience painstaker

o appliance 申请书 强烈愿望 恳求

工具,器具

想一想家电怎么说

o sweet water

糖水

淡水 果汁

o o

豆腐渣工程

jerry-built projects

soybean curb residue works loose projects high risk projects

o specialized course是指:

选修课 专业课 基础课 必修课

o

思? Which is more important, book knowledge or experience?是什么意书和经验哪个更重要?

书本知识是和经验哪个更重要? 难道书本知识会比经验更重要? 难道经验会比书本知识更重要?

o 请问alimentary canal的意思是

消化道 辅道 跨海隧道 附加频道 o means of production是什么意思:

生产力

生产关系 生活资料 生产资料

o “初级职位”用英文表达是:

entry-level position primary position initial position

o primitive positionclam up 保持沉默 保持静止 保持冷静 保持低调

o “煎”的英语是:

stir-frying deep-frying pan-frying quick-frying

o at arm's length 使劲揍 给力 保持距离 武装起来

o “建筑面积”的英语是:

building area floor area storey area plot area

o foot the bill 爬山 付账 预定酒席 赖账

o overture是指:

音诗 前奏曲 序曲 交响诗

o authoritative 权威的,官方的 官僚主义的 不敬神的,亵渎的 纪念的,怀念的

o Zen是什么意思:

忍 禅宗 人 真理

o high-flown 夸张的 高品质的 有野心的 高压的,专横的

o tonsil的意思是

咽 扁桃体 喉 腺

第18篇:口译

即席口译“三秘诀” •

扔、切、补

扔:放弃重复、别扭的元素 •

切:断句、切在主动词引导的主句 •

补:介词短语、或从句连接 口译的头号秘诀(扔)

我谨代表….感谢英方的盛情邀请和精心安排。 •

Thank for invitation & arrangement 形容词省略

立足于促进、提高国内市场需要,是保证中国经济持续、快速、健康发展的关键。加入WTO以后,中国将更严格地遵循国际通行的市场规则。

Promoting domestic demand is a key to sustained and healthy development.Since acceion to WTO, China will make its own practice in line with international market 动词省略

中国还要大规模开展基础设施的建设,改造和提升工业企业的装备水平,还要提高农业的生产和加工能力。

China need large-scale infrastructure and upgrade its industrial equipment as well as agricultural production and proceing 名词省略

万能词的使用“归零”…

提升、推动、促进、改进、改善、加强、完善…=promote •

多,杂,无数=plenty of…或numerous •

展示,显示,表明,传达,反应…=show •

有利, 对…有好处…=do good to../benefit •

有害,威胁,带来问题=lead to problem •

开始,发起,进行=start 切:一刀两断

中华人民共和国成立后,中国人民自力更生、改革开放、与时俱进,在社会主义建设中取得了举世瞩目的伟大成就。 •

Since 1940, Chinese people have made remarkable achievement through self-reliance, reform & open-up, going with the times.

切完·再补

当前,中国人民坚定不移地抓住发展这个第一要务,正满怀信心地为全面建设小康社会、实现现代化而团结奋斗。 •

Chinese people are making joint efforts to build a well-off society and modernization in full confidence with the focus on development, which is the primary task of the country.组合和断句(高口真题)

20国集团各成员应该在平等互利、求同存异、灵活务实的基础上开展对话,加强同其他国际和区域经济机构的交流合作,以增进互信、扩大共识、协调行动,在健全国际经济贸易体制和规则、完善国际经济金融体系、加强南北对话和合作、促进全球减贫和发展等方面,发挥更大、更积极的实质性作用。

G20 members should conduct dialogue, promote exchange &cooperation with international & regional organizations, to promote mutual trust, consensus, coordination on the basis of equality &mutual benefits, seeking common ground while putting aside differences, flexibility & pragmatism.•

They should also play a effective role in promoting international economic & trade regime, financial system, coop between south & north, global poverty reduction & development E-C 英译汉

听的重点是“意思”, 而不是“每个单词”。 •

注意语言的逻辑性,在听的过程中提炼structure Paage 1:

中华民族历来尊重人的尊严和价值。还在遥远的古代,我们的先人就已提出“民为贵”的思想,认为“天生万物,唯人为贵”,社会的发展和进步,取决于人的发展和进步,取决于人的尊严的维护和价值的发挥。今天中国所焕发出来的巨大活力,是中国人民拥有广泛自由、民主的生动写照。

中国确保十三亿多人的生存权和发展权,是对世界人权事业的重大贡献。集体人权与个人人权、经济文化权利与公民政治权利紧密结合和协调发展,这适合中国国情,是中国人权事业发展的必然道路。

(参考答案)

The Chinese nation has always respected human dignity and value.Even in the ancient days, our ancestors came up with the idea of “people being the most important,” believe that “man is the most valuable among all the things that heaven fosters.” The progre and development of a society hinge on human progre and development and depend on how well human dignity is maintained and how much human value is realized.The immense vitality displayed by China today is a vivid reflection of the broad freedoms and democtatic rights enjoyed by the Chinese people.

Chins has a population of over 1.3 billion, and to ensure our people the rights to subsistence and development is in itself a major contribution to the progre of the world human rights cause.Collective and individual human rights should be considered together and their coordinated development should be pursued, and the same considerations should be given to the development of economic and cultural rights on the one hand and of civil and political rights on the other.This is dictated by China’s specific national conditions and therefore, is the only way to progre in human rights cause in Chins.

Paage 2:

On behalf of all the membership of the United Nations, I hereby reaffirm the role of this international organization.When ti was created more than 60 years ago, the United Nations reflected humanity’s greatest hopes for a just and peaceful global community.It still embodies that dream.We remain the only world institution with the legitinacy and scope that derive from global membership, and a mandate that encompaes development, secutiry and human rights as well as the envoronment.

I restate that we are an organization without independent military capability, and we dispose of relatively modest resources in the economic realm.Yet our influence and impact on the world is far greater than many believe to be the case, and often more than we ourselves realize.This influence derives not from any exercise of power, but from the force of the values we represent.Among these values are the maintenance of the world order and the establishment of world harmony.

(参考答案)

我谨代表联合国所有成员国,在此重申这个国际组织的作用。联合国60多年前成立时,反映了人类建立一个公正和平的国际社会的殷切希望。联合国至尽仍然代表了这个梦想。我们仍然是唯一具有产生于会籍普遍性的合法性和规模,并具有包括发展、安全和人权以及环境在内的使命的全球性机构。

我重申,这是一个没有独立军事能力的组织,在经济领域也只处理相对不多的资源。然而,我们对世界的影响却比许多人所认为的要大得多,而且常常比我们自己所意识到的还要多。这种影响不是产生于权利的行使,而是产生于我们所代表的价值观念的力量。我们的价值观;包括维护国际次序,建立和谐世界。 高级口译题:

口语:沿海地区和内陆在发展的差异 Gap between coastal region and innland

a.请举例说明东部/沿海发展优势

b.请举例说明西部/内陆落后情况

c.解决差异的对策口译

Chinse to English

1.大会发言,未来发展,关键句“走得多远取决于我们的梦想”.(难度指数较低)

2.潘基文秘书长在诺贝尔和平奖评价/致辞/感谢.(难度指数较高,需要有背景知识)

English to Chinse

1.中国创造灿烂文明/反对侵略(教程篇章) 我在高口口试强化班上最后一天复习过的文章!势如破竹

“近代中国经历了一段积贫积弱、任人宰割的历史。落后就要挨打,这是中国人民从屡遭外来侵略的悲惨经历中得出的刻骨铭心的教训。一个国家只有首先自强,才能在世界上自立。一百多年来,中国人民为实现中华民族伟大复兴的目标进行了不懈努力。

“中华人民共和国成立后,中国人民自力更生、改革开放、与时俱进,在社会主义建设中取得了举世瞩目的伟大成就。当前,中国人民坚定不移地抓住发展这个第一要务,正满怀信心地为全面建设小康社会、实现现代化而团结奋斗。”

2.东盟和中国发展 (ASEAN)

口语:计划生意/独生子女政策是否应该继续实施?One child policy amendment

a.请阐述实施这一政策的背景

b.在老龄化,农民工短缺的情况下,是否需要改变政策?

c.谈谈你的对策

E-C

1.空气污染 air polution~化学物质chemicals.(记得不算清晰)

补充:车子排放出的气体会造成空气污染,提到了combustible engine。 有害的化学物质会散播到空气中,对健康有危险。(这小段没怎么听清楚)

因此我们要采取多种的交通工具。还可以通过氢气等驱动引擎。还可以装一个可转换的装置将气体转换成电力,蒸汽...(当中顺序有点记不清了)

环保型汽车, 关键词:转换过滤器, electricity, steam, hazardous(难度指数较高,需要有背景知识)

2.亚洲在国际上的作用越来越重要。中国成为当中最成功的国家。在过去十年里贸易增长从××%增长到××% 中国的发展对亚洲以及世界都有积极的作用。

C-E

1.中医(教程篇章) 我在高口口试强化班上最后一天复习过的文章!势如破竹one more time...

教程P291 “中医起源于神农氏时代,战国时期的中医理论著作黄帝内经标志着中国医学独特的理论体系形成。黄帝内经仍被视为知道中医理论的基础。中医名著神农本草集中认为,阴与阳两者制约,互相作用,消长平衡,相互转换。阴阳平衡是健康的要素,阴阳失衡会影响健康,导致疾病,因此,中医十分重视调节阴阳以保平衡。

变体版本也要熟悉:

中医是我国的传统医学,起源于6000年前的神农氏时代。中医学在长期的发展过程中,逐渐形成了一套医学原则和观点。中医认为“万物人为贵”。中医师是通过了解人与自然、以及人体各部位之间的种种关系来诊断病人的疾病。

中医有完整的理论体系和临床治疗方法,除了中草药外还有针灸疗法、按摩推拿和气功疗法。中医以其独特的疗效和科学本质赢得了全世界的广泛赞誉。我们在积极发展中医的同时也鼓励中西医结合诊断和治疗疾病。我相信,我国的中医研究前程似锦。

还提及两本书《黄帝内经》《本草纲目》

2.中小企业的发展, 亚洲在世界经济中的作用.small and medium-sized enterprises

关键句:中小企业的发展很迅速,它们在所有企业中占了99.6%,世界各国和地区也越来越注意中小企业的作用。 中小企业融资促进经济发展。(financing 融资) 口语:

兰州政府出台把穷人安置在城市中心的政策,此举是否有利于减少贫困现象呢?Commerical residential community

a.穷人安置在城市中心真的能减少贫富差异吗?提供你的评论.works or not? your comment?

b.穷人居住在城市中心会有哪些可能的后果 consequences?

c.你有哪些解决措施?

口译题:

E-C

1.非洲气候问题的演说,关键词/句: Africa climate change(related to financial, scientific & technological sphere...etc), take some measures, lauch program...

可见时下的热点都在考试委员会的radar上面。

2.美国教育的改革: American education reform: “leave no children behind”, 这是我在上中级口译课堂上讲过的视频新闻,莫非考试委员会有听过的课。我曾翻译成张艺谋的电影“一个都不能少” plus.Leave no teacher behind, and more high qualified.这曾话题也可以对应我课堂讲过的“奥巴马在佛吉尼亚中学的开学典礼演讲”曾谈过的三方的responsibility.

总结:所有的学校的所有孩子都要定期进行教育。

C-E

1.中国文化(考前我在口试强化班重点cover的内容,凡事上过我们强化班的同学都应该比较轻松)关键句:除了中国菜肴意外,美国人对武术、草药、功夫很感兴趣。他们越来越常在对话中提到功夫电影。太极、气功等等。最受欢迎的是道家和神秘的风水学说。我签阵子到加州,看到各种有关古老中国的书籍。美国史哥开放的国家。他们会吸收其他文化的传统并将其融入。

点评: 这次的高口居然选择了《中口教程第三版》讲中华文化的核心课文。看来我们复习高口也不能不看新东方中口教程重点篇章。

2.中国经济,老生常谈!必定拿下的段子

关键句:

在全球经济危机的背景下,中国仍然保持着经济增长并在速度、质量和效益上作到统一。很少有其他国家能保持如此强劲的势头(momentum).但我们仍然需要清醒的意识到没有国家能永远保持经济增长,中国也不例外(china is no exception).

(中间是经济话题的套句 ) 我们要一同简历繁荣稳定和谐的社会。

Supreme People's Court (SPC) 最高人民法院 judicial explanation 司法解释

a house registered under one's name 在某人名字下登记的房产

personal property 个人财产

house property ownership certificate 房产证 houses bought on mortgage by one party before the marriage 一方婚前按揭购房

joint estate/common wealth/mutual property 共同财产 mortgage payments 房屋贷款 value appreciation 增值 trial courts 初审法院

custody and alimony disputes 监护和赡养费纠纷 paternity test 亲子鉴定 marriage certificate 结婚证 marriage law 婚姻法 pre-marital property 婚前财产 down payment 首付 marital partner 婚姻伴侣 compensation 补偿金

prenuptial agreement 婚前协议 jointly poeed 共同所有

earnings from production and operation 生产、经营的收益 earnings from intellectual property rights 知识产权的收益 children born out of wedlock 非婚生子女 divorce cost 离婚成本

division of property 财产分割

性相近也,习相远也。

By nature, men are nearly alike; by practice, they get to be wide apart.过而不改,是谓过矣。

Not to mend the fault one has made is to err indeed.己所不欲,勿施于人。

What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others.言必信,行必果。

Keep what you say and carry out what you do.君子以文会友,以友辅仁。

The superior man on grounds of culture meets with his friends, and by their friendship helps his virtue.三军可夺师也,匹夫不可夺志也。

The commander of the forces of a large State may be carried off, but the will of even a common man cannot be taken from him.后生可畏,焉知来者之不如今也?

A youth is to be regarded with respect.How do you know that his future will not be equal to our present? 有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎?

Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? 人不知而不愠,不亦君子乎?

Is he not a man of complete virtue, who feels no discomposure though men may take no note of him? 父在,观其志。父没,观其行。三年无改于父之道,可谓孝矣。

While a man's father is alive, look at the bent of his will; when his father is dead, look at his conduct.If for three years he does not alter from the way of his father, he may be called filial.不患人之不己知,患不知人也。

I will not be afflicted at men's not knowing me; I will be afflicted that I do not know men.诗三百,一言以蔽之,曰:思无邪。

separate poeion 各自所有 partly joint poeion 部分共同所有 maintenance payments 扶养费

marriage registration office 婚姻登记机关 divorce certificate 离婚证 divorce proceeding 离婚诉讼 divorce settlement 离婚协议书 forges debts 伪造债务 upbringing payment 抚养费 support payment 赡养费 divorce calculator 离婚计算器

In the Book of Poetry are three hundred pieces, but the design of them all may be embraced in one sentence-- "Having no depraved thoughts." 关睢乐而不淫,哀而不伤。

The Kwan Tsu is expreive of enjoyment without being licentious, and of grief without being hurtfully exceive.

父母在,不远游,游必有方。

While his parents are alive, the son may not go abroad to a distance.If he does go abroad, he must have a fixed place to which he goes.

国民生产总值 GNP (Gro National Product) 人均国民生产总值 per capita GNP 产值 output value 鼓励 give incentive to 投入 input

宏观控制 exercise macro-control

优化经济结构 optimize the economic structure 输入活力 bring vigor into

改善经济环境 improve economic environment 整顿经济秩序 rectify economic order

有效地控制通货膨胀 effectively control inflation 非公有成分 non-public sectors 主要成分 dominant sector 实在的 tangible

全体会议 plenary seion

解放生产力 liberate/unshackle/release the productive forces

引入歧途 lead one to a blind alley 举措 move

实事求是 seek truth from facts 引进、输入 importation 和平演变 peaceful evolution 试一下 have a go (at sth.) 精华、精粹、实质 quinteence

家庭联产责任承包制 family-contract responsibility system 搞活企业 invigorate enterprises 商品经济 commodity economy 基石 cornerstone 零售 retail

发电量 electric energy production 有色金属 nonferrous metals 人均收入 per capita income 使负担 be saddled with 营业发达的公司 going concerns

被兼并或挤掉 annexed or forced out of busine 善于接受的 receptive 增额、增值、增长 increment 发展过快 exceive growth

抽样调查 data from the sample survey

扣除物价上涨部分 price increase are deducted(excluded)

实际增长率 actual growth rate

国际收支 international balance of payments 流通制度 circulation system 总工资 total wages

分配形式 forms of distribution 风险资金 risk funds 管理不善 poor management

一个中心、两个基本点one central task and two basic points

以经济建设为中心,坚持四项基本原则(1)社会主义道路(2)党的领导(3)人民民主专政(4)马列主义毛泽东思想、坚持改革开放

the central task refers to economic construction and two basic points are the four cardinal principlesand persisting in reform and opening.

改革是"社会主义制度的自我完善和自我发展"。

Reform is "the self-perfection and self-development of the socialist system."

我们辨别的标准是看这样做是否有利于发展社会主义的生产力,是否有利于增强社会主义国家的综合国力,是否有利于提高人民的生活水平。

The criterion for our judgment is whether the move facilitates the development of socialist productive forces, whether it helps increase the overall national strength of a socialist country, and whether it brings about better living standards.

社会主义的最终目标是解放生产力,消灭剥削,消除贫富两极分化,最终达到共同富裕。

The main goals of socialism are the liberation and development of productive forces, the elimination of exploitat

ion and polarization between the rich and the poor and the final achievement of common prosperity. 要人们警惕右和"左"的影响,特别是"左"的根深蒂固的影响。

to warn people of the influence of both the Right and the "Left" deviations, particularly of the deep-rooted "Left" influence.

中国要警惕右,但更要防"左"。

China needs to be vigilant against the Right deviation, but primarily, it should guard against the "Left"deviation. 资本主义和社会主义并不是以计划经济和市场的多少来划分的。

Socialism and capitalism are not distinguished by the proportion of planned and market economy.

随着改革的深化,国家指令性计划的范围将会缩小,而市场调节的范围将会扩大。

As the reform further develops, the scope for mandatory state plans will be narrowed, while the scope for market forces will be enlarged.

初步建立社会主义计划商品经济新体制。

to establish at a preliminary level a new system of socialist planned commodity economy. 各尽所能,按劳/需分配。

from each according to his ability, to each according to his work/needs.

经济结构改革 reform in economic structure 剩余劳动力 surplus labor 经营机制 operative mechanism

发挥市场的调节作用 to give play to the regulatory role of the market

经济和法律的杠杆 economic and legal leverages 经济计划和市场调节相结合 to combine economic planning with market regulation 计划经济和市场调节相结合的制

a mechanism that combines planned economy and market regulation

取消国家对农产品的统购统销

to cancel the state's monopoly on the purchase and marketing of agricultural products 改革重点转移到城市

the focus of reform is shifted to the cities

国家的根本任务是,集中力量进行社会主义现代化建设

The basic task of the nation is to concentrate its efforts on socialist modernization.

逐步实现工业、农业、国防和科学技术的现代化,把我国建设成为富强、民主、文明的社会主义国家。

to modernize the country's industry, agriculture, national defense and science and technology step by step to turn China into a strong and prosperous socialist country with a high level of culture and democracy.

社会主义经济制度的基础是生产资料的社会主义公有制,即全民所有制和劳动群众集体所有制。

The basis of the socialist economic system is socialist public ownership of the means of production, namely, ownership by the whole people and collective ownership by the working people.

国有经济,即社会主义全民所有制经济,是国民经济中的主导力量。

The state economy is the sector of socialist economy under ownership by the whole people; it is the leading force in the national economy. 国家保障国有经济的巩固和发展。

The state ensures the consolidation and growth of the state economy. 农业 farming 林业 forestry

畜牧业 animal husbandry 副业 sideline production 渔业 fishing

第一产业 primary industry 第二产业 secondary industry 第三产业 tertiary industry 生产资料 means of production

生活资料 means of livelihood/subsistence 生产关系 relations of production 生产力 productive forces 公有制 public ownership 私有制 private ownership

全民所有制 ownership by the entire/whole people 社会主义集体所有制 socialist collective ownership 厉行节约,反对浪费 to practice strict economy and combat waste

外资企业 foreign-funded enterprise 合资企业 joint venture

合作企业 cooperative enterprise

独资企业 wholly foreign owned/funded enterprise 基本框架 basic framework

办学效益 efficiency in school management

协调发展 coordinated and balanced program of development

教育投入 input in education

优化教师队伍 optimize the teaching staff 实行分区规划 practice regional planning 社会参与 communal participation 新增劳动力 incoming labor force 职前教育 pre-service education 岗位培训 undergo job-specific training

提高......的思想品德 enhance the moral awarene of ...

职业道德 profeional ethics

重点学科 key disciplinary areas or priority fields of study

(大学)专科 Major Types of Education in China short 2- to 3- year higher education programs 扫盲班 literacy cla 注册人数 enrollment 年龄段(层)age bracket 反复灌输 inculcate 希望工程 Project Hope 学龄儿童 school-ager

人才枯竭 exhaustion of human resources 辍/失学青少年 school dropout/leaver 基金会 foundation 服务性行业 service trade

在职培训 on-the-job/in-service training 国际劳工组织 International Labor Organization 基础科学 the fundamentals 学分制 the credit system 三学期制 the trimester system 双学士制 a double BA degree system

主副修制 a system of a major field of specialization plus a minor field

教学、科研、生产的"三结合" "3-in-1 combination" involving teaching,research, and production 三结合联合体 tripartite complex

定向招生 students are admitted to be trained for pre-determined employers

包分配 guarantee job aignments 燎原计划 the Prairie Fire Program 示范试点 demonstration pilot project 结合、使加入 incorporate 动员 mobilize 税收 tax revenue

多学科的 multi-disciplinary 重点大学 key university 授予(学士)confer 被授权 be authorized to do

博士后科研流动站 center for post-doctoral studies 专业 speciality

爱国人士 patriotic personage 国家发明奖 National Invention Prize

国家自然科学奖 National Prize for Natural Sciences 国家科技进步奖 National Prize for Progre in Science and Technology

学术报告会,专题讨论会 symposium 记者招待会 pre conference 国家教委主任 Chairman of the State Education Commiion

国家统计局 the State Statistical Bureau

国家教育经费 national expenditure on education 财政拨款 financial allocation

半文盲 semiliterate; functional illiterate 占百分比 account for ...% 专任教师 full-time teacher 资料中心 data center

国际文化交流 intercultural communication

教育方针 guideline(s)/guiding principle(s) for education 教育必须为社会主义现代化服务,必须同生产劳动相结合,培养德智体全面发展的建设者和接班人。

Education must serve the needs of socialist modernization, be integrated with productive labor, and train builders and succeors who are well developed morally, intellectuall and physically.

适应社会主义现代化建设需要,面向二十一世纪,具有中国特色的社会主义教育体系。

a socialist education system with distinct Chinese characteristics that meets the needs of socialist modernization and is oriented to the 21st century 坚持社会主义方向

to keep to the socialist orientation

身体好,学习好,工作好。Keep fit, study hard and work well.

德才兼备 to combine ability with character; equal stre on integrity and ability

成为有理想,有道德,有文化,守纪律的劳动者 to become working people with lofty ideals, moral integrity, education and a sense of discipline 教育要面向现代化,面向世界,面向未来

Gear education to the needs of modernization, the world and the future

爱国主义教育 education in patriotism 国际主义教育 education in internationalism 集体主义教育 education in collectivism 共产主义教育 education in communism 共产主义道德品质 communist ethics

政治思想教育 political and ideological education 五爱(爱祖国、爱人民、爱劳动、爱科学、爱护公物)

"Five Love": love the motherland, the people, labor, and science and take good care of public property. 教书育人 to educate the person as well as impart book knowledge

培养独立分析问题和解决问题的能力

to cultivate the ability to analyze and solve concrete problems independently 启发学生独立思考的能力

to help develop the ability of the students to think things out for themselves 培养学生自学能力

to foster the students' ability to study on their own 发挥学生主动性、创造性 to give scope to the students' initiative and creativene

自学成才 to become educated through independent study

启发式 elicitation method (of teaching); heuristic method

填鸭式教学法 cramming/forced-feeding method of teaching

普及教育 universal education

义务教育 compulsory education; free education 学前教育 preschool education 初等教育 elementary education 中等教育 secondary education 高等教育 higher/tertiary education 普遍教育 general education 成人教育 adult education

职业技术教育 vocational and technical education 国家教育委员会 State Education Commiion 高等学校 institution of higher education 综合性大学 comprehensive university 文科大学 university of liberal arts 文科院校 colleges of art

理工科大学 college/university of science and engineering

师范大学 normal university; teachers' university 师范学院 teachers' college 工业大学 polytechnical university 工业学院 engineering institute 农业大学 agricultural university 农学院 agricultural college 医科大学 medical university 医学院 medical college/school

中医院 institute of traditional Chinese medicine 音乐学院 conservatory of music 美术学院 academy of fine arts 体育学院 physical culture institute 分校 branch school 重点学校 key school 业余学校 spare-time school

业余职工大学 spare-time college for staff and workers 电视广播大学 television and radio broadcasting university

函授学院 correspondence school

教师进修学校 teachers' college for vocational studies 成人夜校 night school for adults 业余艺术/体育学校 amateur arts/athletic school 半工半读学校 part-work and part-study school 中等专业学校 secondary specialized school; polytechnic school

中等技术学校 secondary technical school; technical secondary school

职业学校 vocational school 附中 attached middle school 在职进修班 in-service training course 进修班 cla for advanced studies 短训班 short-term training course 专修科 special (training) course 自学考试 self-taught examination 教职员 teaching and administrative staff 教学人员 the faculty; teaching staff

中、小学校长headmaster/headmistre; principal 大专院校校长 president; chancellor 教务长 dean of studies

(系)主任 chairman; chairperson 副主任 vice-chairman 教授 profeor

副教授 aociate profeor

客座教授 visiting profeor; guest profeor 讲师 lecturer 助教 aistant

专职教师 full-time teacher 兼职教师 part-time teacher

辅导员 aistant for political and ideological work 教研室/组 teaching and research section/group 教学组 teaching group

教员休息室 staff room; common room 母校 Alma Mater 校友 alumnus; alumna

学生会 students' union/aociation

高年级学生 upper/higher grade pupil/student; pupil/student in senior grades

低年级学生 lower grade pupil/student; pupil/student in junior grades

走读生 day student; non-resident student 住宿生 boarder 旁听生 auditor

研究生 graduate student; post-graduate (student) 应届毕业生 graduating student/pupil; this year's graduates

听课 to visit a cla; to sit in on a cla; p to attend a lecture

公开课 open cla 课程 course; curriculum

必修课 required/compulsory course

选修课 elective/optional course 基础课 basic course 专业课 specialized course 课程表 school timetable

课外活动 extracurricular activities 课外辅导 instruction after cla 课外阅读 outside reading 课堂讨论 cla discuion

(大学的)研究小组;讨论会 seminar 教学大纲 teaching program; syllabus 教学内容 content of courses 学习年限 period of schooling 学历 record of formal schooling 学年 school/academic year 学期 (school)term; semester 学分 credit 分数 mark; grade

五分制 the 5-grade marking system 百分制 100-mark system

学习成绩 academic record; school record 成绩单 school report; report card; transcript 毕业论文 thesis; diertation 毕业实习graduation field work 毕业设计 graduation ceremony

毕业典礼 graduation ceremony; commencement 毕业证书 diploma; graduation certificate 毕业鉴定 graduation appraisal

授予某人学位 to confer a degree on sb. 升级 to be promoted to a higher grade 留级 to repeat the year's work; to stay down 补考 make-up examination

升学t o go to a school of a higher grade; to enter a higher school

升学率 proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade

奖学金 scholarship

(国家)助学金 (state)stipend/subsidy 领取助学金的学生 a grant-aided student 学费 tuition (fee) 伙食费 board expenses 伙食补助 food allowance

第19篇:口译

1.Ingredients + cooking methods/seasoning 炒:sautéed, stir-fry 宫保鸡丁:sautéed chicken cubes with chili and peanuts=Kung Pao Chicken 炒辣子鸡丁: fried chicken cubes with chili 蚝油牛肉: sliced beef sautéed in oyster sauce 炸:fry 炸猪排:fried pork chop 蒸:steam, braise 清蒸鳜鱼:steamed Mandarin fish 灼:scald 白灼虾:scalded shrimps 炖:stew 糟溜鱼片:stewed fish slices in rice wine 烤:grill, roast, barbecue 丝:shred 鸡丝:shredded chicken; 肉丝: shredded pork 片:slice 鱼片:sliced fish 丁:cube, dice 鸡丁:diced chicken, chicken cubes 末:mince 肉末:minced pork 去皮:peel 虾仁: peeled shrimps 豌豆虾仁:peeled shrimps and green peas 糖醋鱼:fish in sweet and sour sauce 鱼香肉丝:sautéed pork shreds flavored with fish sauce 椒盐排骨:spare ribs with pepper and salt 2.Metaphor 芙蓉虾仁:Cotton rose shrimps? (shrimps with egg white) 红烧狮子头: Lion’s head in brown sauce?! (meat ball in brown sauce) 叫花鸡:beggar’s chicken 燕窝:edible bird‘s nest, cubilose 雪蛤:White clam 3.literal translation+Story-telling 叫花鸡:beggar’s chicken (…) 麻婆豆腐: Ma-po tofu (it was invented by a pock-marked grandma.) 佛跳墙:Fotiaoqiang/Buddha Jumping Over the Wall (a famous Chinese dish) 冷盘 Hors d’Oeuvres, cold plates 六小碟 appetizer 海蛰 jellyfish 墨鱼

cuttlefish 鱿鱼

squid 芹菜

celery 西兰花

broccoli 菠菜

spinach 芦笋

asparagus 鱼子酱 caviar 饺子 Chinese ravioli 汤圆 sweet dumpling 豆制品 bean product 珍馐美味 choice delicacies 白酒、烈酒 strong spirit / liquor 黄酒 rice wine 鲜嫩 tender and fresh 脆 crisp, crunchy 烹调原料 ingredient 菜谱 recipe 四大菜系 four major cuisines 工作午宴 自助餐 busine luncheon buffet 用餐举止、餐桌礼仪 table manners 素菜 vegetarian food 点心

dim sum 转盘

lazy Susan 接风洗尘宴 a welcoming banquet 饯行宴

a farewell banquet 明菜、特色菜

specialty 干杯

bottoms up 和…一起吃、蘸着吃 …to go with…

第20篇:口译

关键词:英语专业、口译教学、存在问题、解决办法

科技的发展与各国间交往的日益密切使口译越来越发挥着举足轻重的作用,中国的改革开放政策以及加入世贸组织、获得奥运会、世博会举办权等也要求有大量合格口译员的出现。近年来,我们欣喜的看到口译作为一门实用性学科在大学英语专业课程设置中已占有一席之地;但与此同时,一个不容回避的事实是,当前的口译教学中还存在着种种问题亟待解决。作为学生期望值最高,最希望从中学到大量实用型知识的课程,实际情况是,在课程结束后学生纷纷抱怨所得甚少,与目标值相差太远。下文中笔者将对现存的问题进行分析,并探讨可能的解决方法与途径。

一、口译教学中存在的问题及成因。

当前存在的问题可以用一句话来概括:教学质量良莠不齐。

分析其原因,可以归纳为以下几点:

1、教学定位不明。

这里所说的教学定位包括两个方面,一是课程本身的定位;二是对于课程受众,即学生的定位。目前几乎所有高校的英语专业都开设了口译课,但对于口译课最终要达到的效果和实现的目标却并非都有清晰定位。个别院校只是盲目跟风,对于本课程缺乏足够的认识,不是从本校学生实际水平出发编写教学大纲及采用教材,而是简单照搬其他院校。

2、教学方法不够科学。

刘和平教授曾在20世纪90年代初期对几所重点外语高等院校的法语口译教学进行了考察,他将当时的口译教学归纳成四大类:一是完全停留在口语教学层面,口语训练后将其内容逐字逐句翻译成外语或母语;二是作为语言教学训练的补充手段通过逐句“翻译”达到对语言的完全掌握;三是笔译的口语化,即把事先准备好的文字拿到课堂上进行口头翻译;四是“背诵”,即事先准备上课要翻译的内容,学生在课前几乎可以记忆和背诵所有内容,课堂练习实际上是记忆背诵比赛。

我们可以清晰的看到,刘教授所作的虽然是十几年前对于法语口译教学的调查,但在当前高校的英语口译教学中,上面所列举的方式仍然被广泛采用。

3、重视程度不够。

从学生的语言能力考虑,口译课程往往设置在大三或者大四,这是合理的。但作为一门专业主干课程和需要大量实践的课程,当前存在的一个普遍现象是口译课程只安排一个学期,34个课时。在这样短的时间内要使学生掌握这门课程,大多数教师都感到力有不逮,最终只能浮光掠影式的做一些讲解。其次,在教师配置上也存在误区。个别学校以为口译与笔译一样,都是翻译,因此请没有任何口译经验的笔译教师身兼二职,结果直接导致授课效果不佳。再次,因为教学资源紧张,学生往往30-40个人组成一个班上课,违背了口译需小班教学的原则;且多媒体支持程度不够。

二、解决方法与途径

根据上文指出的几点问题成因,现提出解决方案如下:

1、

根据学生实际制订切实可行的教学大纲并采用合适的教材。

桔生江南则为桔,桔生江北则为枳。同样的教纲,同样的教材,同样的师资,在某地可能大获成功,易地而处则很有可能铩羽而归。学生是教学的基本出发点,教学工作应该做到“以人为本”。具体的说就是不能搞一刀切,不能照搬照抄其他院校的经验。作为授课教师,首先要了解学生的总体水平,并由此制订科学的教学大纲,为培养什么样的人才定性,由此决定是以商务口译为主,以会议口译为主,以陪同口译为主或兼收并包,涵盖主要方向,平均用力。为了实现这个目标,在教材选择上也应下一番功夫。当前市场上关于口译的教材几达百种,而且每年还有大量的新教材继续涌入,其中鱼龙混杂,有用心之作,也有草就之作。教师应该根据实际情况进行挑选;另外,在选定教材后,还是应该从实际出发,有所舍弃有所保留,没有必要毫无遴选的采用所有内容,而应在必要时自编教材进行补充与扩展以达到最佳授课效果。如果学生普遍程度不高,则应在保证质量的前提下大胆以自编教材为主,其他教材为辅。

2、口译训练是一种技能训练,因此在口译教学中也必须以提高学生的双语转换技能为出发点,而不是单纯的纠正学生语言方面的错误。

在教学方法这方面,我们可以从以下几个方面来入手:首先,要引入口译准备课程。所谓口译准备课程,是指与口译相关的,学生在进行正式口译学习前所需掌握的课程,这些课程包括:演讲技巧的训练(包括语音语调、台风台貌、与观众的交流等)、口译的礼仪、职业操守等。先期学习这些课程会对学生很快进入口译的角色起到帮助作用。其次,在教学中应该注意专题与技能技巧的结合,不能两张皮。现行的大部分教材都以专题为编写出发点,这样做的好处是有利于学生在短时间内熟悉某一话题或某一领域,但与此同时,理论技巧的讲述也势必变得较为分散和凌乱;而另外一些以技能技巧为出发点编写的教材则在较好的解决了这一问题的同时带来了另一个弊端,单纯的理论或者技能技巧讲解略显枯燥,学生不易于接受。面对这种情况,教师可以采取的应对方式是将专题练习与技能讲解有机结合,不同时期侧重不同。在口译课程的初期,可结合实例偏重于技巧技能讲解,待学生掌握了一定理论和技能后,则可以引入精心设计的某一专题,将所学理论技能付诸实施,从而学以致用,加深理解。

其次,在教学中一定要注意发挥学生的主观能动性,对学生积极诱导,以鼓励为主。

再次,在教学中要综合种种方法增强拟真性,如模拟谈判、模拟陪同参观某一景点等,必须竭尽全力营造一种现场感,为学生日后进入社会真正口译打下基础。

最后,除了任课教师授课之外,还应创造条件多请外界专家学者以及具有丰富实践的口译者前来讲座。 关于教学的策略与技巧拟另专文讨论,此不赘述。

3、有条件的学校一定要实施小班教学,学生数以每班15-20人为宜,这样每位学生都可以得到相对充裕的锻炼机会,教师也能对个人提供比较充分的指导。教学地点可灵活多变,需要通过多媒体放映视听素材或记录学生练习过程时可在语音实验室或多媒体教室授课,需要进行班级模拟练习时则可选择普通教室甚至其他场所授课。对于本课程的重视程度必须提高,要避免为开课而开课,走形式、走过场的情况,口译课程以上两个学期为宜,每学期课时不应少于40节,只有保证时间,才能保证质量,实践已一再证明了这一点。另外,教师本身也是确保课程质量的关键因素。“教师必须了解口译的每一环节,必须具备预测口译困难的能力,而且有能力提出有效的方法或策略加以解决(或者,最起码有能力示范应如何进行口译)。甚至,对某些已得到证实的研究,应进一步提示条理化的口译原则或通则,并在教学中加以证实并广泛应用”杨承淑教授的这段话对教师的资质提出了明确要求。不难看出,一位口译教师本人必须是一位优秀(至少合格)的译员并具有相当丰富的经验。虽然同属翻译,确实具有不少共通并且可相互借鉴之处,口译与笔译毕竟存在诸多差别,一位合格的口译未必可以成为一位合格的笔译,反之亦然。因此,请一位经验匮乏的笔译教师或者其他课程教师来教授口译几乎等同于问道于盲,首先,学生不能信服,其次,所教内容也必定局限于单纯的理论而缺乏实践的支撑。理想的状况是,担当口译课程的教师在教学的同时还能不间断的进行口译实践,然后把从实战中总结的经验教训引入课堂。

结语:任何事物的发展都有一个从不成熟走向成熟,从不完善走向逐步完善的过程。口译教学亦是如此。我们有理由为已经取得的成就感到自豪与宽慰;但与此同时,只有正视当前口译教学中存在的种种问题,再根据其不同特点与要求分别应对,我们的口译教学才能上一个台阶,才能培养出更多的合格口译人才,为新的国际形势下中国与外界的交流贡献自己的一份力量。

翻译中的“部分功能对等”与“功能相似”

提要:本文讨论了奈达博士的“功能对等”和“功能相似”理论,认为“对等”应是译文和原文在三种言语行为上的对等。“等效”即“效果对等”也应是“效”与“果”,即言外之力和言后之果,皆“对等”。由于“功能对等” 把目标预设得太高,跟“信、达、雅”一样都是翻译的上限标准,它并没有真正解决“信”和“顺”即准确和通顺的矛盾。从一些已被广泛接受的词语的固定译法看,当找不到真正的“对等”译法时,还应有诸如“部分功能对等”和“功能相似”的下限标准。

关键词:功能对等,等效翻译,部分功能对等,功能相似

Abstract: In translation, real “equivalence”, if ever exists, should refer to the equivalence in all the three speech acts in SL and TL.Thus, “functional equivalence” is not only the equivalence in either “impact” or “response”, but should be in both of them.In fact, the aim for “functional equivalence” is too high and hard to achieve.In practice, as the generally accepted translated terms cited in this paper shows, what a translator always looks for is only “partial functional equivalence” or “functional similarity”, when real “functional equivalence” cannot be achieved.

Key words: functional equivalence, equivalent effect, partial functional equivalence, functional similarity

奈达博士在1964年发表的《翻译科学初探》一书中提出了两种不同类型的对等:形式对等(formal equivalence)和动态对等(dynamic equivalence)。后来他又把“动态对等”改为“功能对等”(functional equivalence)。这“对等”理论在我国译学界引起了很大反响。

本来,奈达的“对等”理论与严复的“信、达、雅”标准并没有质的区别。首先,他们都非常重视接受者。奈达的“动态对等”原则要求译文“接受者和译文之间的关系,应该与原文接受者和原文信息之间的关系基本相同”(Nida,1964:159)。严复在“《天演论》译例言”中提出“信、达、雅”时将 “信”摆在首位,但又明确指出“顾信矣不达,虽译犹不译也”,并认为“译者将全文神理,融会于心,则下笔抒词,自善自备”。也就是说,他的“信、达、雅” 原则要求译者用接受者所易于接受的通顺晓畅的语言忠实地将原文的意思传达给译文读者。其次,“对等”和“信达雅”都是翻译标准的上限,正如金隄先生所说, “不论是‘信达雅’或是‘等值’或是‘神似’,指的都是理想的目标”。(金隄,1989:11)

然而,奈达理论的推崇者们至少认为“对等”原则在以下两个方面优于“信达雅”标准:

(一)“对等”理论比“信达雅”原则更明确、更具科学性;

(二) “动态对等”概念对“直译和自由译之争,提供了一个令人信服的答案”(金隄,1989:15);使准确和通顺“不是鱼和熊掌”,“二者必须兼而有之”(金隄,1989:107 &115)。

本文拟就这两方面的问题进行一些探讨:一是如何理解“对等”理论;二是“功能对等”作为翻译的上限标准,是否还应有些与之相对应的下限标准,如“部分功能对等”(partial functional equivalence) 或“功能相似”(functional similarity)?

一、“对等”与“等效”

金隄先生在《等效翻译探讨》一书中认为,“对等是一个科学描述性的概念,比文艺派喜欢用的‘忠实’、‘信’客观一些。” “ ‘对等’ 不涉及译者的态度,概念比较明确一些”。(金隄,1989:21)(严复)“实际上已经意识到等效问题。然而他没有把这点意识发展成为明确的指导原则,理论上形成一个漏洞„ „”。(金隄,1989:27) 劳陇先生也认为,“严复的‘信、达、雅’说,实际上并没有构成完整的翻译理论。他老先生当日写《例言》那篇文章,也并不有志为翻译理论家,他只是根据他翻译《天演论》的经验,谈谈自己的心得体会而已”。“奈达博士似乎比严老先生就要高明一些,或者说,明确一些了。”(劳陇,1990)总之,许多推崇“功能对等”理论的学者都认为它比“信、达、雅”更明确、更科学。

然而,这一“明确”、“科学”的概念到底要求如何“对等”,怎么检验对等不对等?对此问题,我国译学界尚存在着许多疑问和争论。

现在许多学者将奈达的equivalence译成“等值”,并认为他是最受人注意的西方等值论学者。然而,“何为值”?“什么叫等值”?译学界许多人都提出了疑问。董史良先生认为 :“equivalence 在自然科学中译为‘等值’,是指‘量值’或‘效应’大小方面的‘等’。在某些学科中也就只译为‘类’、‘代’而已。西方人把它应用到翻译中,传入我国后不知怎的译为‘等值’。于是就有人便在‘等值’上做文章。„ „ 在翻译中就存在‘不可译’的现象。这其中何曾有那么多的‘等值’可言?”(董史良,1997)由此可见,译学界对“等值”这一译法或提法是存有异议的。

至于“等效翻译”,则是金隄先生的提法。金隄先生在《等效翻译探讨》一书中对奈达的“动态对等”或“功能对等”作了充分肯定,但又对奈达的一些说法提出批评,并提出了自己的“等效”概念:

“„ „ 奈达谈信息和接受者之间的关系时,有时提译文对接受者的作用(impact),有时提接受者对译文的反应(response),并不加以区别,其它理论家也有类似情况,可是奈达还进一步突出反应。例如,《翻译的理论和实践》一书对功能对等下定义就是从反应角度下的,并且还进一步强调,译文仅仅使接受者理解是不够的,还必须能使他们‘以行动作出反应。’

„ „ 每个接受者如何反应,如何行动,还牵涉许多个人的主客观因素,我们研究翻译的过程似乎没有必要涉及,因此,我们这里的‘效果’,只包括信息对接受者的作用(即接受者的感受),不包括接受者的反应。”(金隄,1989:17-18)

奈达在《翻译的理论和实践》一书中从反应角度给动态对等下定义,确实有点失之偏颇。瞿秋白曾在“苦力的翻译”一文中引用了一篇波兰小说中的片段:一个坐轿子的外国人要中国苦力再抬得快一点,他对“西崽”说“我给他们每人二两银子”,而“西崽”却翻译成外国人发火了,说再不快抬就要到衙门去告状。秋白尖锐地说,“这些轿夫苦力的确请到了一个‘好’翻译。虽然这个翻译是西崽,他却译得很顺,虽然这个翻译译得很错,可是他译得很顺。”但是,这样的翻译“苦力实在不需要他”!(引自陈福康 ,1992:310)“苦力”听到“告状”跟听到“给他们每人二两银子”的感受肯定是不一样的。但若只强调听者的反应,难道假如听到“要到衙门告状”,苦力们的反应跟听到“给二两银子”一样都是“快抬”,这句话就译得与原话“功能对等”了吗?

然而,金隄先生提出的“等效”概念,“只包括信息对接受者的作用(即接受者的感受),不包括接受者的反应”也不够全面。如果说“每个接受者如何反应,如何行动,还牵涉到许多个人因素”,那么同一话语对每个接受者的作用(即每个接受者的反应)难道就都一样,不牵涉到个人因素了吗?

根据奥斯汀(Austin)的言语行为理论,即言语行为三分说,说话人说出一个句子总是同时表现出三种言语行为:言内行为即“言之发 “(locutionary act),言外行为即“示言外之力”( illocutionary act)和言后行为即“收言后之果”(perlocutionary act)。显然,译者若只注重原文的言内行为,译文往往会只拘泥于“形式对等”,由于社会文化背景不同,在译文里原文的言外之意,往往无法得到准确转达,意思往往会被扭曲。“功能对等”给我们的启示就在于应注意译文对接受者的作用和接受者的反应,即注意使译文能示接近于原文的言外之力,取得与原文相似的言后之果。

总之,真正的“对等”应该是译文和原文在语篇的三种言语行为上的“对等”。按照金

隄先生“效果”概念的提法,“等效”应该是指“效果对等”。根据《现代汉语词典》(商务印书馆,1996年修订本)的解释,“效”就是“效果、功用”,而 “效果”是“由某种力量、做法或因素产生的后果”。由此看来,金隄先生说的“我们这里的‘效果’,只包括信息对接受者的作用(即接受者的感受),而不包括接受者的反应”,在措词上似乎就有点不够严密。“效果”一词《汉英词典》(外研社,1995年修订版)译为“effect, result”。这就是说,“效”(effect)指的是语篇所示的言外之力,“果”(result)则指言后之果。因此,真正的“等效”就是“效果对等”,译成英语应是“equivalent effect and result”,而不只是“equivalent effect”。

二、“部分功能对等”与“功能相似”

“信、达、雅”是“译事三难”,是翻译的上限标准。在很多情况下,人们都认为“信”和“达”不可兼得。因此会有“信而不顺”和“顺而不信”之争。对此问题,鲁迅先生在三十年代就对“顺而不信”大张挞伐,旗帜鲜明地提出“宁信而勿顺”的原则。

金隄先生在《等效翻译探索》一书中认为,“等效翻译”为解决“信”与“顺”的矛盾找到了一把金钥匙。他在该书第三部分“准确与通顺的关系”中专门写了一章,题为“不是鱼和熊掌”,认为准确和通顺不可割裂,“二者不可兼得”原来是一个错觉,应“明确地提出要求:既要准确,又要通顺,二者必须兼而有之”。

对此,我们认为有必要提出这样一些问题:“信、达、雅”是“译事三难”,那么“功能对等”是难?是易?它是否对“直译和自由译之争,提供了一个令人信服的答案”?是否有了“功能对等”这一原则,准确和通顺的矛盾就迎刃而解了?它是否也需要一个下限标准?

其实,要做到在三种言语行为上的对等,或者如王佐良教授所说,“真正的对等应该是在各自文化里的含义、作用、范围、情感色彩、影响等等都相当”(王佐良,1989:19),实在不容易。

“功能对等”(或“等效翻译”)把目标预设得太高,仿佛在目的语中原来就存在了原语篇的“对等”语篇,只待人们去寻找。其实,真正能严格做到“功能对等”的情况并不多。在多数情况下,人们往往只能退而求其次,在两种语言(尤其是在汉语和西方语言)之间找到部分功能对等或功能相似的近似说法。也就是说,“功能对等”如果没有诸如“部分功能对等”或“功能相似”的下限标准,人们一旦找不到真正“对等”的说法,就要转而相信“不可译论”。

例如,在外贸英语中,“bill of lading” 实际上有三个作用:

(一)船主开出的收据,

(二)船主和托运人之间的运输合同,

(三)物权凭证,在货物到达目的港后凭此单据可提货。然而,“bill of lading ” 译成汉语时只译出其第三个作用(当然也是最重要的作用)——“提单”,其它两个作用根本没法译出。因此,二者之间实际上只有“部分功能对等”。

一般说来,译文若能与原文“功能对等”,也就能做到“信”与“达”,但有时也不尽然。从一些已被广泛接受的词语的译法可以看出,寻找“对等说法”的标准与“信”的标准有时也会难以兼顾。例如,英语的“Royal”一词译成中文都成了“皇家”,如“the Royal Society”译成“(英国)皇家协会”等。英国的君主是国王或女王,而中国封建社会的君主则是皇帝,“王”只是一种最高爵位。之所以将Royal译为 “皇家”,显然是因为英国的国王或女王是同日本的天皇或中国以前的皇帝“对等”的,若译为“王家”则恐有降格之嫌。但这样译并不“信”,有时也会产生误导,使中国读者以为英国也有“皇帝”。

有时由于对译文的准确性即“信”的要求非常高,译者只好在译文中把原文的词语照录,或在作了“功能相似”的翻译后再把原文加括号置于其后,这种做法英语叫transference ,有别于translation。汉译时人们还常常先采用谐音译,然后再将原文置于括号内。鲁迅先生的杂文中就常采用这种方法,如“费厄泼赖(Fair play)”等。这种transference 在学术论文中尤其经常使用,便于读者准确理解原文,检索原材料,深入进行研究,但显然谈不上在两种语言中“功能对等”。目前 internet 该算是最时髦的新名词之一。开始时有很多中文译名,如 “网际网络”、“互联网”、“网间网”、“网际网”、“国际互联网”等,有人则在译文中直接照抄internet 一词,不作任何翻译,采用transference 。现在我国全国科学技术名词审定委员会已采用谐音译法,将其译为“因特网”。实际上,即使在非常接近的两种西方语言中,为了准确,也往往因为找不到真正 “功能对等”的词而需要借词。例如,“吨”法语是tonne ,相应的英语词就是ton。然而,法语的tonne表示1000公斤,而英语的ton 虽可以也是1000公斤,但美国人见到ton时往往会想到“美吨”(即“短吨”short ton),等于2000磅,约907.2公斤;英国人则会以为是英吨(即“长吨”long ton),等于2240磅,约1016公斤。因此,为了不引起歧义,欲表示1000公斤,有时还得说成metric ton,或借用法语词tonne。因此,法语词tonne 也进入了英语词典。

有些东西外文和中文的说法表面上看起来似乎完全对等,但经不起仔细推敲。例如,英语的white ant , 法语叫fourmi blanche, 与汉语的“白蚁”完全对等。然而,white ant 是一种误称,正确的称法应是 termite。如Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English对termite 一词的释义是“insect (popularly but wrongly called white ant )„ ”。“白蚁”属昆虫纲,等翅目;而“蚂蚁”属昆虫纲,膜翅目。白蚁形状象蚂蚁,但不是蚂蚁的一个种类。因此,“白蚁”非“蚁”,它本身是一个误称。英语的 termite 是正确的称法,法语的对等词仍是termite ,而在现代汉语中却没有对等词,只能还是用“白蚁”这一误称将就译之,但termite 与“白蚁”并不真的对等。

有些在不同的西方语言中完全“对等”的词,在汉语中则只能找到“部分功能对等”的说法。例如,英语的tomato 一词译成法语是tomate ,两个词意思完全相同,“功能对等”,而译成汉语则有两个名称——“西红柿”和“番茄”。有人可能会不假思索地说,“西红柿”就是“番茄”,“番茄”就是 “西红柿”,它们都是tomato的对等词。然而,实际情况是,“西红柿”和“番茄”两个词本身就不对等。在美国,顾客到商店买东西一般都得另外上税。但有的州规定,一些基本生活必需品可以免税,如买蔬菜不上税,买水果则必须上税。因此,tomato 到底是蔬菜还是水果就牵涉到要不要上税,成了一个法律问题。据说,1893年,在美国的最高法院里,人们还搬出词典来确定到底tomato 是蔬菜还是水果。(转引自Bejoint, 1994:123)对这个问题,我们感兴趣的是,tomato 译成法语不必介入“蔬菜”“水果”之争,而译成汉语却得介入。因为“西红柿”中的“柿”是水果,而“番茄”中的“茄”则是蔬菜。不管将tomato 译为“西红柿”或“番茄”,都只能是“部分功能对等”。 1994:123) 王佐良教授曾指出,“在翻译工作里,也必须注意语言与社会场合的关系”。“例如翻译请帖、通知、布告、规章、病历与病情公告之类的‘应用文体’,译者应该知道在译文里怎样寻找到相等的内行的格式和说法。‘油漆未干’必须译成英文的Wet paint,而不应是 ‘The paint is not dry’ 之类的外行话”。“换言之,在这些地方就不能照汉语字面直译,而必须要寻找适合于英语国家同样场合的‘对等说法’”(王佐良,1989:11)。

然而,由于社会文化、风俗习惯以及各国不同法规之间的差异,翻译此类“应用文体”时,有时采用一些“功能相似”的说法,也是无可厚非的。例如,我国的交通标语“一慢二看三通过”,吴光华主编的《汉英大词典》直译为“slow down, look around, and cro”,而《英语学习》1986年第八期发表的伊槟的“商标、告示及其它”一文则认为:“‘一慢二看三通过’就是‘STOP’。并不是叫车子就此停下不动,而是要求先停下来,再起步。这样就可保证免于撞车。这标志常见于小路进入大路或与大路交叉的地方,鲜明醒目。咱们的一二三式歌诀,韵味很足,惜乎等到看清楚这七个字,车子怕早已冲过头去。”显然,两种译法各有得有失。《汉英大词典》的译法虽准确地把原文的形式和意思用英语表达出来,但略嫌太长,比七个中文字还更难以看清楚,而且在英语国家也没有这种“slow down, look around, and cro”的交通标志。和它最接近的说法确实是“STOP”。英语国家中的“STOP”标志当然不能译为“停”,因为“STOP”标志要求开车人先把车停稳,看清楚另一条路上有没有过往车辆或行人,等别人通过后再开车,与我们的“一慢二看三通过”确实很相似。不同之处在于,在没有红绿灯的路口,开车人一看到“STOP”标志,即使周围并无别的车辆或行人,也必须把车刹稳后再开,否则就算违反交通规则。而我国在这种情况下则没有必须把车停稳的要求。因此,虽然“一慢二看三通过”和“STOP”给接受者的“感受”差不多,都是“礼让”,“注意交通安全”等,“反应”也很相似,但它们毕竟只是“功能相似”,而不是“功能对等”。

当然,我们所说的“部分功能对等”,指的是最基本、最重要部分的对等。如bill of lading 中作为可提货的物权凭证这最重要的部分与“提单”对等。我们所说的“功能相似”,也应是最基本、最主要特征的相似。在寻找“对等”或“相似”说法时,要特别警惕“假朋友”(false friend), 切不可望文生义。例如,把“金砖”译成“gold brick”就属于这类错误。因为现在英美人说 gold brick 指的都是“假金砖”,“赝品”。[1] 显然,在翻译时多考虑“功能相似”的译法,将有助于避免因逐字死译产生的偏差。例如,我国几乎所有词典都将“挂号信”译成“registered letter”,其实美国英语中与“挂号信”功能相似的说法应该是“certified mail”,而“registered mail”的功能对等的说法则是“保价信”。[2]

本文只从一些名称的译法入手,对“功能对等”或“等效翻译”进行了初步探讨。文中所举的一些例子说明,“对等”、“等效”与“信、达、雅”标准一样都是译事之大难。在使用不同语言的国家中,由于社会、经济、文化、宗教等诸多方面存在着很大差异,要在两种语言中找到真正“功能对等”的表达法实属不易。这一点在汉语和西方语言的对译方面尤其明显。

文中所举的许多词语的译法已被广泛接受,成了固定译法。其实它们也只是“部分功能对等”或“功能相似”,并非完全“功能对等”。只有意识到这一点,对译文才能有个切合实际的合理的评判标准,译者在“山穷水尽疑无路”时,才可能找到“柳暗花明又一村”。

总之,不管人们对“功能对等”理论的看法如何,“功能对等”还是给了我们一些不可否认的重要启示:翻译工作者在掌握两种语言的同时,还要掌握好两种不同文化和其它必要的知识,多考虑寻找在另一种语言中最接近的“对等”或“相似”说法,翻译时才能左右逢源。

主要参考文献:

陈福康,1992,《中国译学理论史稿》,上海: 上海外语教育出版社。

董史良,1997,“对当前翻译理论的思考”,《中国翻译》第6期。

金隄,1989,《等效翻译探索》,北京: 中国对外翻译出版公司。

劳陇,1990,“‘殊途同归’——试论严复、奈达和纽马克翻译理论的一致性”,《外国语》第5期。

王佐良,1989,《翻译:思考与试笔》,北京:外语教学与研究出版社。

Bejoint, Henry.1994.Tradition and Innovation in Modern English Dictionaries.Oxford: Clarendon Pre.

Nida, E.A.1964.Toward a Science of Translating.Leiden: E.J.Brill.

Nida, E.A.And C.R.Taber.1969.The Theory and Practice of Translation.Leiden: E.J.Brill.

Nida.E,A.1993.Language, Culture and Translating.Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Pre.

《会议口译范文.doc》
会议口译范文
将本文的Word文档下载到电脑,方便收藏和打印
推荐度:
点击下载文档

相关推荐

实施方案自查报告整改措施先进事迹材料应急预案工作计划调研报告调查报告工作汇报其他范文
下载全文