英语段落写作范文

推荐第1篇：英语写作及段落素材

公司发给了38个小片段，我查了一下他们所在的单元，用红体标注出来，可把他们当作【精练】，以丰富题型。

1.add(M1U1)

选用上述单词或短语完成下列小片段。

The president said it was not easy to manage a company,___(1)___ that the financial crisis (金融危机) ____(2)___the difficulties.However,the dormitory (宿舍) for the workers must ___(3)___and they would __(4)____a toilet ___(4)____each room.The week before,he___(5)___all the expenses and the total____(6)___more than 100,100 yuan.

【答案】（1）adding(补充说) （2）added to（增加）（3）be added to（扩建）（4）add…to（把……加到……上）（5）added up（把……加起来）（6）added up to（加起来的总和是，共计）

2.admit(M1U2)

根据括号内的汉语提示完成句子。

Though the public are against the parks ___(收门票) before they ___(许可进入)it,the park ___(不承认)that they are making a profit from the public.

【答案】 charging for admiion;are admitted into;make no admiion

3.advice

根据上下文或括号内的汉语提示完成下列小片段。

He is a good __(1)__and he always __(2)__on how to learn English well,which helps me a lot.He _(3)_(建议朗读英语)in the morning.He also __(4)__(建议我写英语日记)every day to improve my writing.

【答案】 （1）advisor (2)gives me some advice (3)advises reading English aloud (4)advises me to keep an English diary

4.allow(M1U2)

根据上述词语完成下列小片段。

This private school __(1)__(不许睡觉)in cla.The teachers __(2)__（不许学生上课聊天）.If a student breaks the rule,the teacher __(3)__(不让他进教室).In a word,this private school __(4)__(不许违反规定) of school rules.

【答案】（1）doesn’t allow sleeping (2)won’t allow the students to chat in cla (3)won’t allow him into the claroom (4)doesn’t allow violation

5.allow;permit(M1U2)

选用上述单词或短语完成下列小片段。

The salesman __(1)__the child __(2)__(buy) the cigarette in the store though the store rules didn’t __(3)__it.What’s more,he__(4)__him __(5)__(bring) more clamates here.As a result,his store was closed because in our country,cigarette __(6)__sell to the people under 18.

【答案】（1）allowed(2)to buy(3)permit (4)advised (5)to bring(6)is forbidden to

6.amuse(M4U5)

用上面的词语完成句子。

Seeing everyone ____at the ____joke,he kept silent,finding it was easier to___others than to___.

【答案】was amused;amusing;amuse;amuse himself

7.argue

根据括号内的汉语提示完成下列小片段。

The workers,who __(1)__(为……而争论)their own rights,__(2)__(同……争论)the bo for a few days,but failed to __(3)__him __(4)__（说服……做某事）giving them a rise in wages.1

【答案】（1）argued for (2)argued with (3)argue (4)into

8.change

选用上述短语完成下列小片段。

She looked at me as if she __(1)__:I__(2)__then and nothing could__(3)__.So she came to stand beside me,saying,“Wish you good luck,but you must__(4)__that I am waiting for you to come back.”

【答案】（1）had read my mind (2)had made up my mind (3)change my mind (4)keep it in mind

9.come up(M1U2)

用come相关的短语完成下列小片段。

The other day when I was walking in the street,I __(1)__Wang Lei,an old friend of mine.

She told me a story of his brother’s.He once saw a dog __(2)__a boy,which made the boy die of a disease related to a dog disease.At that time,he __(3)__the idea to learn medicine and find a cure for the disease.In the next 10 years,he __(4)__a lot of difficulties and his dream finally __(5)__.Last month,his experiment for the drug __(6)__very succeful and it was predicted that the number of people who can benefit from his research will __(7)__1,000,000 a year.

【答案】（1）came acro (2)come at (3)came up with (4)came over (5)came true (6)came out

(7)come to

10.compete(M2U2)

As the youngest __(1)__,John had to competed __(2)__the writing contest __(3)__30 other top students __(4)__the annual award of writing.So he must be very __(5)__so that he could win in the __(6)__.

【答案】（1）competitor (2)in (3)with/against (4)for (5)competitive (6)competition

11.competition;race;game;match(M2U2)

①competition:可指各种形式的比赛与竞赛，如reading competition,che competition等。 ②race:指速度上的竞赛，如relay race;horse racing等。

③game:指有一定规则的比赛或游戏，也可指多局比赛中的其中一局。其复数形式可指大型体育运动会。如：Asian Games;Olympic Games等。

④match:指体育代表团之间较重大的公开竞技赛事，如football match等。

选用上述单词完成下列小片断。

Jack was disappointed to lose the 100 metre __(1)__last Saturday,but to her great joy,he won the writing __(2)__this morning.Now the 2008 Olympic __(3)__are being held in Beijing and Jack is watching the volleyball __(4)__between China and Cuba.

【答案】 （1）race (2)competition (3)Games (4)match

12．concern(M1U1)

选用上述词组完成下列小片段。

Besides doing his research work,Profeor Li ___(1)__(从事) social work.For example,he __(2)__(关心) world peace and human progre.He also made it clear that his research work should __(3)__（与……有关）the farmers’ income because __(4)__,to increase the farmer’s income is of greater importance than anything else.

【答案】（1）concerns himself with/in;or:is concerned with/in

(2)shows concern about/for;or:is concerned about/for

(3)be concerned with;or:concern

(4)as far as he is concerned

13.content(M4U3)

根据括号内的汉语提示完成下面小片段。

Though he __(1)__（对他现在的薪水不满意），he is __(2)__(安于现状).As a matter of fact,a beer every meal __(3))__(足以使他满意了).

【答案】（1）isn’t content with his present salary (2)content to remain where he is now (3)is enough to content him

14.declare (M7U2)

选用上述短语完成下列小片段。

When George Bush __(1)__Saddam Huein __(2)__a dictator(独裁者)and he decided to __(3)__Iraq,many people in the world__(4)__war and they __(5)__that Bush was a trouble-maker.

【答案】 （1）declared (2)to be (3)declare war on (4)declared against (5)declared

15．depend(M3U4)

选用上述单词或短语完成下列小片段。

To Anne’s great joy,she was finally __(1)__Jack,her husband.After many years’ struggle,she gained her __(2)__and could totally __(3)__herself to lead a new life.

【答案】 （1）independent of (2)independence (3)depend on

16.every two days/every other day/every second day每两天

选用上述短语完成下列小片段。

She was chosen as chairman of the union on the basis of her ability (由于她的能力)and in order to know more about the situation of the union,she decided to hold a meeting __(2)__(每两个月) on a regular basis.

【答案】(2) every second month

17.figure(M6U1)

选用上述词组完成下列小片段。

One day,I was having lunch at a five-star hotel,when a waiter told me that he __(1)__the cup I broke __(2)__the bill.What a me!I totally didn’t __(3)__what on earth happened.At last,he didn’t __(4)__the money,but I decided never to eat there.

【答案】（1）had figured (2)in (3)figure out (4)figure up

18.force(M3U4)

选用上述词组完成下列小片段。

It was reported that two peasant workers __(1)__(被迫) work 14 hours a day but with little money.One of them couldn’t stand it and one of them __(2)__(强行前进或进入) the bo’s house and killed him.The others__(3)__(强迫)a bank clerk __(4)__(hand)in the money.

【答案】（1）were forced to (2)forced his way into (3)forced (4)into handing

19.form

选用上述单词或短语的适当形式填空。

Two years ago Andy filled in a __(1)__and became a member on his city basketball team where he could receive __(2)__training.He practised hard and was __(3)__good__(4)__,so he did win the respect of others.But last year he ate too much fat__(5)__chocolate and ice cream and he became fatter and fatter and __(6)__.Therefore he was fired when the team decided to__(7)__,which made his __(8)__fans quite disappointed.

【答案】（1）form (2)formal (3)in (4)form (5)in the form of (6)out of form (7)reform (8)former

20.impre

将下列句子译成英语。

国内外游客对深圳有深刻印象。首先，他们对这个城市的道路和交通印象良好。另外，这个

城市的友好和好客也给他们留下深刻印象。最重要的是，深圳的很多名胜尤其令人印象深刻，如世界之窗、欢乐谷等。

【答案】 Shenzhen imprees tourists from home and abroad.First,they have a good impreion on the city’s road and traffic.Besides,the city imprees its friendline and hospitality upon their mind.Above all,many places of interest in this city are very impreive,such as Window of the World,the Happy Valley and so on.

21.in danger of

用上述短语完成下列小片段。

Last month Jane was seriously ill and was __(1)__.Thanks to the doctors,she received the operation in time and so she was __(2)__at last.Unfortunately,when she came back to the factory,she learned that she was __(3)__losing her job because the bo thought she was too weak to do the work.

【答案】（1）in danger (2)out of danger (3)in danger of

22.make

选用上述词语完成下列小片段。

John is famous for __(1)__stories.When he was young,he was so poor that nobody

would__(2)__with him and even looked down upon him,so one day he __(3)__to be wealthy.He went to London hoping to __(4)__.At first,he __(5)__by helping people write letters.It was hard work and persistence that led to his succe.

【答案】（1）making up (2)make friends (3)made up his mind (4)make money (5)made his living

23.mean(M8U1 means)

选用上述单词或短语完成下列小片段。

When I was young,Mother always __(1)__me to do extra exercises and my brother

__(2)__practice playing the piano.We __(3)__ give up,but Dad told us persistence__(4)__succe.

【答案】（1）meant (要求某人做)（2）was meant to（被要求做）（3）meant to（打算做） （4）meant（意味着）

24.persuade(M1U3)

根据上下文，用与persuade相关的词语完成下列小片段。

The other day,my husband __(1)__buy a coat as he thought it was too long.However,the aistant tried hard to __(2)__me __(3)__the good quality and fashionable style of it.Therefore,I couldn’t help__(4)__buying it.So you can see how easy it is__(5)__a woman __(6)__things that aren’t suitable for her.

【答案】（1）persuaded me not to (2)persuade (3)of (4)being persuaded into (5)to persuade (6)to buy/into buying

25.poeion n.(M6U1 poe)

将下列片段译成英语。

他从怀特先生那里夺去了大量珠宝，所以他拥有很多财富。可是他后来发现拥有财富并不能带来幸福。所以他卖了所有的财富，在乡下过着简朴的生活。

【答案】 He took poeion of a lot of jewels from Mr.White,so he had poeion of a lot of wealth.However,he later found the poeion of wealth didn’t bring happine.So he sold all the wealth in his poeion and went to the country to live a simple life.

26.pretend

根据括号中的提示完成下列小片段。

As Tom wasn’t interested in his leons,whenever there was an exam,he would __(1)__(假装生

病).Last week,he__(2)__(假装头痛)when the teacher was going to give a quiz.He __(3)__（假装痛得厉害）during the quiz.An hour later,when the quiz was finished,he__(4)__（假装好了）.

【答案】（1）pretend that he was ill/pretend to be ill (2)pretended a headache (3)pretended to be suffering great pain (4)pretended to have recovered

27.promise(M2U2)

选用上述单词或短语完成下列小片段。

She__(1)__to collect some money for these poor children.Everybody knew she had never __(2)__before.That is,once she__(3)__,she would try her best__(4)__.So they all believed the poor children would have a __(5)__future.

【答案】（1）promised (2)broken her promise (3)made a promise (4)to keep it/to carry it out/to keep her promise (5)promising

28.put in prison(M1U5)

选用上述短语完成下列小片段。

Tom__(1)__once__(2)__for killing his wife.After he __(3)__for three years,he tried__(4)__.However,the police captured him and thus he__(5)__again.

【答案】 (1)was (2)put/thrown/cast in prison (3)had been in prison (4)to break out of prison

(5)was taken to prison

29.reason(M1U1)

根据上下文或括号中的提示完成下列小片段。

She said that ___(1)__(没有理由要她) to do the same job for so long and she could not __(2)__（说出理由）for her absence from work.So __(3)__(有充分的理由推断)that they were right to say she was considering changing her job.

【答案】（1）there was no reason for her (2)explain the reason (3)there was every reason to reason

30.replace(M2U2)

选用上述单词或短语完成下列小片段。

She__(1)__(没有放回原处)the cup after using it,so it fell to the ground and was broken,which made her very disappointed.Her husband suggested __(2)__(用塑料杯取代它)so that it wouldn’t be so easy to be broken,but she said nothing could__(3)__(替代)this cup as it was made over 1,000 years ago.

【答案】（1）didn’t replace (2)replacing it with a plastic one (3)replace

31.settle(M3U4)

选用上述词组完成下列小片段。

The millionaire decided to __(1)__(立遗嘱)when he could still think clearly,because with a lot of difficult problems __(2)__(要解决),the newly-elected CEO is having a hard time.Sometimes he was so upset that he could not __(3)__anything(安下心来做某事).He sincerely hoped to __(4)__where nobody knew him.

【答案】 （1）settle down his affairs (2)to settle (3)settle down to (4)settle down

32.shake(M1U3)

选用上述短语完成下列小片段。

Mr.Wang and Mrs.Li agreed on the contract finally.They __(1)__each other to__(2)__the deal,with their hands __(3)__slightly __(4)__joy.

【答案】（1）shook hands with (2)shake on (3)shaking (4)with

33.survive(M2U1)

选用上述单词或短语完成下列小片段。

Mr.Green was the only__(1)__who__(2)__(在地震中幸存).He told us he__(3)__a bottle of mineral water.Everyone said his__(4)__was a miracle.

【答案】（1）survivor (2)survived the earthquake (3)survived on (4)survival

34.time(M2U1)或(M3U4)

选用上述短语完成下列小片段。

__(1)__Joan and I were good friends.She was a kind girl and I could go to her for help __(2)__I had any difficulty because I knew she would always slove the problem __(3)__.Joan was clever,and __(4)__she was diligent.She liked to finish her homework __(5)__and then she could have time to practise writing.Joan also liked walking.__(6)__we would take a walk along the river bank after supper.Joan had a good memory.One day she recited more than twenty long poems __(7)__when we were walking along the river.

【答案】 （1）At one time (2)at any time (3)in time (4)at the same time (5)ahead of time (6)From time to time (7)at a time

35.tire(M3U2)

选用上述单词或短语完成下列小片段。

My mother never __(1)__doing housework and likes to ask me to help her,though I __(2)__doing it.But sometimes when I see my mother __(3)__without any complaint,I will blame myself and determine I won’t have her __(4)__doing housework.

【答案】 （1）tires of (2)get tired of (3)tire out (4)be tired with

36.total

用total的适当形式完成下列小片段。

The company used to have 230 clerks in __(1)__and their income __(2)__50,000 yuan per year.But last year things changed __(3)__and the products could not be sold out.Most of the workers became out of work,which made them in __(4)__despair.

【答案】（1）total (2)totaled (3)totally (4)total

37.tough

选用上述词语完成下列小片段。

He thought it was really __(1)__that he was caught cheating in the maths examination.Since the school __(2)__cheating,he got zero in maths.Besides,he lost his face to stand in front of all the students in his school to say sorry for his mistake.During the whole winter holiday,he was __(3)__.At last he __(4)__:to leave this school and began his new life.He knew he must be __(5)_to himself if he wanted to succeed.

【答案】 （1）tough luck (2)took a tough line on (3)having a tough time (4)made a tough decision

(5)tougher

38.urge(M7U3)

选用上述词语完成下列小片段。

As a mother,I __(1)__(突然很想帮助他)，I wanted __(2)__(敦促他采取行动).I should also __(3)__(主张他先订一个可行的计划).Of course,I __(4)__(会鼓励他获取成功).

【答案】（1）had a sudden urge to help him

(2)to urge him to take action

(3)urge that he should make a practical plan at first

(4)would urge him on succe

推荐第2篇：医学考研英语写作优秀段落

医学考研英语写作优秀段落

2009-6-22 11:26 【大 中 小】【我要纠错】

阅读时，我们经常会碰到一些过目难忘的段落。这些段落或者表达流畅、文笔优美，或者逻辑缜密、结构严谨。根据表达需要，有不同的功能段落，如现象说明段、观点陈述段、原因列举段、利弊解释段、结论归纳段、趋势预测段、措施建议段等。医学教|育网搜集整理有些优秀段落可以作为写作的功能段落加以背诵，对于我们拓展思路、规范行文大有裨益。在背诵过程中，熟练掌握各种功能段落的行文规则，自己在表达时就能驾轻就熟。下面仅举观点陈述段和措施建议段各一例。

观点陈述段（陈述“民族文化应该成为世界文化”的观点）

A culture of one nation may become international， which is beneficial for all mankind.Since China has opened its doors widely to the outside world， many people from different countries want to visit China.They will come to accept and love Chinese culture as a whole.In addition， Chinese culture should be shared generously with foreign people， who show great interest in it.Meanwhile， as more and more foreigners come to China， they bring aspects of their own culture to share with the Chinese people.In this way， people from various nations in the world will be able to acquire a better understanding of each other and live peacefully together.一个国家的文化可能成为世界文化，这对全人类都有益。由于中国已经向外界敞开了国门，许多来自不同国家的人都希望来看一看中国。他们会开始接受并喜欢整个中国文化，中国文化应该大大方方地让感兴趣的外国人分享。与此同时，随着来中国的外国人越来越多，他们也把他们自己的文化带给了中国人。这样，世界各国的人们就能够更好地相互理解、和平相处。

措施建议段（建议“人口老龄化”的解决措施）

The rapidity of the population„s aging has made it more urgent for the adoption of countermeasures.No doubt， the key is to build a solid economic foundation.Meanwhile， importance should be attached to overall social progre by changing the backward situation in social security， welfare and service.What‟s more， family care and community services should also be encouraged.

人口老龄化的加速使采取应对措施变得更为紧迫。毫无疑问，解决问题的关键是建立稳固的经济基础。与此同时，应该重视整体的社会进步，改变社会保障、福利和服务的落后局面。除此之外，应该鼓励家庭照料和社区服务。

推荐第3篇：大学英语四级写作——经典段落

大学英语四级写作模板——经典段落

1描述图表段模板

As is shown in the chart, the average hours a student spends using computers has grown up tremendously.For one thing, from 1990 to 1995, the average hours that students spent on computers in every week only doubled.For another, in 2000, college students averagely spent 20 hours per week on computers, which is five times as large as that of 1995.It is obvious that college students become more and more crazy about computers.

2描述现象段模板

Recently, we often hear complaints about dishonesty.What amazes us most is that a lot of students cheat in exams.And people seem to get accustomed to many dishonest behaviors.We can see that there are dishonest practices in all walks of life.Nowadays, 描述现象.For one thing,支持这一道理的一个方面.For another,支持这一道理的另一方面.It is obvious that 指出现象具有典型性的一面.描述背景段模板 With the development of the H.R.market, the interview is becoming more and more important in job-seeking.So it is of great importance for us to master skills on interview.On the one hand, the interviewer can know about the candidates in the interview.On the other hand, the interviewee can get neceary information directly from the interviewer.

3描述事件段

It so happened that one day we were having an English cla in the language lab.Just at the moment, my clamate Lucy next to me fell unconscious suddenly.It impreed me most because her face was so red that it seemed to be burning.What happened next was moving and unforgettable.

4举例说明段

Many examples can be found to prove it.Take the English study as a typical example.(举一个例子).People can learn the words and grammatical rules well only if they follow the saying “practice makes perfect”.(展开句).Furthermore, more practice will make us use a computer more skillfully.(进一步具体阐述) Many examples can be found to prove 主题.Take 例子 as a typical example, 阐述例子.People 人们的习惯做 法.Furthermore, 其他相关的事实.A case in point is 提出具体的例子.This is close to suggest 深入探讨这一事例.It is true that 重申理论的正确 性.In addition, 其他相关的事实.

5 说明原因段

There are many reasons explaining these dishonest behaviors.The main reason is that countle people neglect the moral values in pursuit of their own interests.What is more, we lack effective laws and regulations of supervision so that a great many dishonest people can escape punishment.As a result, the problem of dishonesty becomes very serious.The reasons of 主题 lie in several aspects./ Many remarkable factors contribute to 主题.Firstly/ first of all, 理 由一.Secondly/ In addition, 理由二.Finally, 理由三. 6说明方法段

We have figured out many ways to know the outside world.Firstly, we can learn about the world from ma media such as TV and the Internet.Secondly, social service is another good choice for us.Thirdly, we can also conduct investigations in factories and villages.As is known to all, there are many ways 主题.First of all, 解决方法一.Furthermore,解决方法二.Last but not least,解决方法三.

7议论段

It is well known that 论点.The truth of it is self-evident.No one can deny 观点的理论依据.Therefore, 总结句.It is believed that 论点.The truth is deep and profound.As we know, 观点的理论依据.Consequently, 总结句.It is well known that we should not hesitate to say “No” on many occasions.(提出观点) The truth of it is self-evident.（强调观点的显明性）No one can deny that when we are unable to offer help, we should say “No”.（进一步说明观点） Therefore, a direct reply “No” should be used to avoid misunderstanding among us.（总结句） It is well known that practice makes perfect.（通过点题突出论点）The truth of it is self-evident.（说明观点的 正确性）No one can deny that the more you practice the more skillful you will be.（解释观点） Therefore, we should be down-to-the –earth and practice a lot before we can actually acquire some skills.（总结句）

8对比观点段

A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of the College English Test.This news causes a heated debate over the neceity of the test.（点明争论焦点）There are mainly two kinds of opinions.（指出 存在两种观点）It is commonly accepted that such a test in China is very neceary.（观点一）In contrast, others think it unneceary.（观点二） There is a heated debate over 争论焦点.There are mainly two kinds of opinions.It is commonly accepted that 观点一.In contrast, others 与观点一对立的观点二.Different people will offer quite different ideas 争论焦点.There are mainly two kinds of opinions.Many people aert 观点一.However, others believe 与观点一对立的观点二.There is a heated debate over

9观点总结段

As I understand, 我的看法或偏好.On the one hand, 个人看法的依据一.On the other hand, 个人看法的依据 二.In conclusion, 个人的结论或文章的结论.As to me, I prefer 我的看法或偏好.First, 个人看法的依据一.Second, 个人看法的依据二.In a word, 个人的 结论或文章的结论.There is no doubt that 观点在日常生活中的体现.That is because 支持观点的理由.So it is 行动的重要性 for us to 应采取的行动.In conclusion, 总结全文.All mentioned above tells us 重申观点.As a matter of fact, 观点在日常生活中的体现.There is no denying that 结论.In short, 总结全文.There is no doubt that the skills for the job play a decisive role.That is because skills enable a person to cope well with his future work.So it is important for him to show all his abilities to the interviewer.In conclusion, a qualified candidate must give an excellent performance.(非第一人称总结)

推荐第4篇：精彩段落写作

精彩段落的写作

【疑难问题】

高考作文是由段落构成的。高中作文教学一个很重要的任务，就是训练学生的语言表达能力，而段落教学与训练就十分必需与必要。段落分扣题段、事例段，按修辞分类还包括比喻段、排比段、设问段、反问段；按表达技巧分类还包括描写段、叙述段、议论段、抒情段等。如何进行精彩段落的写作？

精彩排比段的写作

排比段大体有如下形式：

一是事例式排比段；二是比喻式排比段；三是引言式排比段；

四是抒情式排比段；五是人物式排比段。

在高考阅卷中，如果考生能够恰当地运用排比段，作文一定会锦上添花。请看如下的排比精彩段落。

父母对孩子有着割不断的牵挂，哪位父母不望子成龙，盼女成凤？可是，父母爱孩子，最重要、最起码的是让孩子知道什么是真正的爱。真正的爱，是雏鹰学飞时，老鹰冷漠的目光；真正的爱，是孟母择邻时的殷殷期盼；真正的爱，是岳母刺字时的点点泪花；真正的爱，是大海航行中的一叶指南；真正的爱，是孤舟漂泊后的一片港湾；真正的爱，不是让孩子去享受，而是要告诉孩子如何去生活！

——《说说“父母之爱”》

拜伦曾说：“逆境是达到真理的一条道路。”这是一条磨炼人意志的路，是砥砺人品格的路，更是考验人毅力的路。在这条特别的路上，孔子走过来了，以乐天知命事在人为的豁达和弟子们“陋巷箪食而不改其乐”；华罗庚走过来了，以排难攻坚孜孜以求的信念笑对“平生三劫”；袁和走过来了，以羸弱的身体和超人的勇气挑战死神，给人类上了“关于勇气的一课”。他们把不幸视为人生必不可少的财富，用行动证明：逃避、怯懦、沉沦只会在绝望中自戕，只有走过去，才能领略到碧空的清澈，采撷到最鲜美的花朵！

——《为第三只青蛙喝彩》

牵挂是一种美，却也是一份辛劳，天地间担起这份辛劳的，都是心中充满着爱的人。父母牵挂着远方的游子，新婚的军嫂牵挂着戍边的丈夫，学业有成的弟子牵挂着白发苍苍的老师，德高望重的将军牵挂着未曾脱贫的老区。牵挂是流沙河笔下那夜夜歌唱的蟋蟀，牵挂是余光中心中那等待启航的客船，牵挂是“来日绮窗前，寒梅着花未”的询问，牵挂是“乡泪客中尽，归帆天际看”的凝望，牵挂是那封抵万金的家书，牵挂是那声共婵娟的祝福。牵挂是连接亲情的纽带，牵挂是沟通友情的桥梁，牵挂是贯穿爱情的红线，牵挂是人间至爱的升华。

——《牵挂》

排比段往往会提升考试的分数，在语言发展项上高人一筹。这四段文字各有特色：

第一段文字，用了四个“真正的爱”，涉及到了自然的爱与人类的爱；第二段文字，写了三个人物，孔子、华罗庚、袁和，突出了砥砺人品的风范；第三段文字则是围绕“牵挂”，写了人之情感，也用了比喻来衬托。

精彩比喻段的写作

每年在高考中，都会发现不少考生使用比喻，并形成比喻精彩段，形成一道亮丽的风景。比喻句是最富有文采的。比喻句是最富有联想的。

联想的事物有哪些？自然之物：风、雨、雷、电、雾、云、霜、雪、太阳、月亮、星星等；梅、松、竹、杏花、牡丹、荷花、玫瑰等；山川湖泊、大路小道、溪流与江海、山尖与沟底等；大鹏、雄鹰、百灵等鸟类。

请看下面几段比喻文字：

尝试是什么？尝试是乌云蔽日时能上云霄的那种最勇敢的鸟；尝试是大浪迭起的海面上勇往直前的一叶扁舟，对于勇敢者，尝试是一条崭新的生活之路；对于懦弱者，那迫不得已的尝试是一堵高筑的墙。十八个春秋，风风雨雨。回顾往事，我无悔无憾；展望未来，我信心百倍。我勇敢的面对生活，因为生活教会了我勇于尝试。

——《尝试》

哦，幸福，幸福又是什么？幸福是老爷爷手中的旱烟袋，是老奶奶忙着的针线活，是小伙子最爱喝的高粱酒，是姑娘们脸上的一抹红晕„„那份恬静的情怀，那相濡以沫的携手相伴，不正是幸福的缩影？也许你会说，幸福是一杯世上最醇美的酒，它是由满天的星雨调成的，是在时间的酒窖里发酵的，是用生命的酒杯盛载的，我们好比技艺高超的调酒师，调进雨露风雪的四季，也调进人世变幻的咏叹，还有炽热的信仰、高昂的意志、缤纷的思想、飞扬的灵魂„„全在酒杯里交错相融，旋转成一个斑斓的世界。喝下它，我们便可与李太白“对影成三人”，便可与老人出海与风暴搏斗，便可登上泰山“一览众山小”，喊出我们的青春宣言！是的，年轻，多么幸福！

——《幸福》

精彩假设段的写作

假设语段，在论述文中，展示着理性的光芒。近几年在高考作文中屡见此种用法。假设句如运用得当，既可增强文章的说理性、可信性，又可增强文章的语势文采，从而提高学生的得分档次。

如何写好假设段呢？

（1）假设句包含的是条件与结果的关系，如把条件称为A，结果称为B，其表达式就是：如果没有A，那么就不可能有B。如“如果没有欧立希一次次失败后的坚持，那么就不会有新药“606”的诞生”。

（2）假设句与例证句在内容上截然相反，如果事例是正面的，假设句则应从反面下笔；事例是反面的，假设句则应从正面下笔。事例与假设句可正反结合形成鲜明对比。

（3）从句式上看，假设的内容常用排比句、反问句表达，不但增强文章的说理力度，而且能增强文章的气势。

（一）正反假如式：从正反对比的层面，来论证结果。例：其实，历史已不止一次向人们鸣响了警钟，假如当初蔡桓公听信了扁他又怎能遗恨街亭而伏诛于武侯麾下？话又说回来，如果当初秦孝公不听取商鞅之谏而变法，何以能称雄于六国？如果我们共产党人不听取李鼎铭先生的意见而精兵简政，又何以变成贵州的“小老虎”而吃掉庞然大物的“东洋驴”呢？综上所述，不难看出：善纳人言者，昌；不纳人言者，亡！

（二）层进假设式：采用一个事例，层进假设的形式，效果也十分好。

例：欧立希为发明一种新药，坚持进行试验，失败了，总结教训再干，一直试验了606次方获得成功，制出了以试验次数命名的新药“606”，新药的问世是

坚持的结果。试想，如果欧立希仅仅试验一两次，失败后就撒手不干，那么，新药又怎能问世？如果他试验了一二百次都以失败而告终，他若认为成功的希望已经渺茫，甚至怀疑了原来的设想，因此而偃旗息鼓，自甘暴弃，不另辟蹊径，那么“606”自然不会诞生。即使他试验了605次，又失败了，如果他这时丧失了信心，希望之火熄灭了，那么，他也会功亏一篑，功败垂成，同样，也决不会有“606”的诞生。正因为他坚持下去了，最后，他终于获得了胜利，可见，坚持就是胜利。

（三）排比假设式：用三个事例，形成排比假设句式。

例：在艰险与安逸之间选择后者吗？诚然，如此坐在井下，不必风餐露宿，不必经风历雨，好不惬意！然而，头顶天空终究只有井口之大：所作所为终究只是庸庸碌碌！那么你还愿做这井底蛙选择安逸吗？如果选择安逸，生于富贵的巴金，又怎能痛彻人生，挥毫著就“激流三部曲”；如果选择安逸，身陷残疾的张海迪，怎会把自己绑在轮椅上长时间练习射击，为中华树起“自强不息的大旗”；如果选择安逸，古稀之年的谈迁，又怎会毅然重著一部浩浩《国榷》。孟老夫子云：“生于忧患，而死于安乐”。朋友，当你选择了人生之旅的坦途，请莫忘“机遇与艰险同在”。

（四）说理假设式：一个事例，用较长的文字说理，怎么办？就是使用“假如”句式来剖析。

例：在这类问题上出差错，诸葛亮并非第一次。赤壁大战后，他明知关羽与曹操有知遇之恩，曹操若经华容道，关羽必然放他过去，但他在关羽一番慷慨陈词，立下军令状之后，就“留这人情”，让他移兵拦守。结果，关羽果然让曹操逃之夭夭。假如当初诸葛亮不留人情，而是派其他可靠的将领去拦守华容道，那么，可能曹操会被擒拿；又假如从那次吸取教训，这一次秉公办事，不管马谡怎样拍胸脯，下保证，不合适就不用，那么就有可能避免失街亭的悲剧。而事实恰恰相反，诸葛亮并未从第一次失策中吸取经验教训，而是在重蹈覆辙后，才“深恨自己之不明”，流涕斩了马谡。可是，这只能是明乎法而已了，对兴复汉室，还于旧都的大业的实现，都无可奈何了。可见，与其执法如山在后，还不如任人唯贤在前。

精彩引言段的写作

引用名人名言是一种智慧。引言段不凡如下：一是展示了自己的文化底蕴；二是展示了自己的文采；三是展示了自己的文化视野，古今中外，上下五千年，纵横几万里，使读者迅速敬服你的文化底蕴，这样你就有了比较大的得分把握。

[精彩段落例示]

①自古以来，中国人就有“天下为公”的美好理想，就有“舍生取义，杀身成仁”的凛然正气，就有“穷且益坚，不坠青云之志”的高风亮节，就有乘长风破万里浪的豪情，就有“不到长城非好汉”的气魄，就有重整山河再造日月的雄心„„

②痛苦中不仅孕育着快乐，而且孕育着创造。我国有句古谚：蚌病成珠。价值昂贵的珍珠，恰是牡蛎体内痛苦的产物。德国诗人海涅曾发问：“诗之于人是否如同珠之于牡蛎？”法国福楼拜则说的更明确：“珍珠是牡蛎生病所结，作者的文笔却是更深沉的痛苦的流露。”我国历史上，文王拘而演《周易》；仲尼厄而作《春秋》；屈原放逐，乃赋《离骚》。许多传世的优秀之作，都是诗人在巨大痛苦中写就。李煜“问君能有几多愁，恰似一江春水向东流”的不朽诗句，饱含了他亡国之痛的血泪；岳飞报国无门的痛苦，为后世留下了“仰天长啸，

壮怀激烈”的华章《满江红》。痛苦之中分明闪耀着创造的光辉，关键看你是否珍惜这份痛苦，在痛苦中奋起。痛苦是昨日的遗产，同时也是今天的起点，你又何必为一次失败而颓丧不堪！

——《请珍惜你的痛苦》

③翻开历史画卷，从古到今，凡是有所作为的人，都是把自己的志向与国家、民族利益紧紧地连在一起的。屈原“吾将上下而求索”，杜甫“大庇天下寒士俱欢颜”，顾炎武“天下兴亡，匹夫有责”，鲁迅“寄意寒星荃不察，我以我血荐轩辕”，周恩来“面壁十年图破壁，难酬蹈海亦英雄”，这些铿锵有力的诗句都说明了一个问题，一个人的志向只有植根于国家、民族的土壤中，才能成长为参天大树，开出灿烂之花。

④书是我的精神食粮，它重塑了我的灵魂。当《简·爱》说：“我们是平等的，我不是无感情的机器”，我懂得了作为女性的自尊；当裴多菲说：“若为自由故，两者皆可抛”，我懂得了作为人的价值；当鲁迅说：“不在沉默中爆发，就在沉默中死亡”，我懂得了人应具有的反抗精神；当白郎宁说：“拿走爱，世界将变成一座坟墓”，我懂得了为他人奉献爱心是多么重要。

⑤心是一快风动石，只要心不褪色，不沉沦，不苍老，捧卷在手便有一种居高临下满目青山的大气。你可以在“桃花源”里流连，在“赤壁赋”里沉醉，也可以在“岳阳楼”下凝思，在“滕王阁”前遐想，你可以领略“秦时明月汉时关”的悠远，也可以体会“大漠孤烟”的悲壮。

推荐第5篇：英语经典段落

1、I don’t think that there is anything maively disruptive about this shifting sense of community.The continuing search for connection and shared enterprise is very human.But I do feel uncomfortable with our shifting identity.The balance has tipped, and we seem increasingly dependent on work for our sense of self.If our offices are our new neighborhoods, if our profeional titles are our new ethnic tags, then how do we separate ourselves from our jobs? Selfworth isn’t just something to measure in the marketplace.But in these new communities, it becomes harder to tell who we are without saying what we do.

2、Onward and upward was the course she set.Small progre was no excuse for feeling satisfied with yourself.People who stopped to pat themselves on the back didn’t last long.Even if you got to the top, you’d better not take it easy.“The bigger they come, the harder they fall” was one of her favorite maxims.It wasn’t the gin that was shouting.It was my mother.The gin only gave me the courage to announce to them that yes, by God, I had always believed in succe, had always believed that without hard work and self-discipline you could never amount to anything, and didn’t deserve to

3、With no idea what to do next, I resolved literally to “sail off into the sunset,” following the coastline from Connecticut to Florida.But somewhere off New Jersey I turned due east, straight out to sea.Hours later, I climbed up on the stern rail and watched the dark Atlantic slip beneath the hull.How easy it would be to let the water take me, I thought.Everyone, at some point, will suffer a lo — the lo of loved ones, good health, a job.“It’s your ‘desert experience’ — a time of feeling barren of options, even hope,” explains Patrick Del Zoppo, a psychologist and bereavement specialist with the Archdiocese of New York.“The important thing is not to allow yourself to be stranded in the desert.”

4、Happine is never more than partial.There are no pure states of mankind.Whatever else happine may be, it is neither in having nor in being, but in becoming.What the Founding Fathers declared for us as an inherent right, we should do well to remember, was not happine but the pursuit of happine.What they might have underlined, could they have foreseen the happine market, is the cardinal fact that happine is in the pursuit itself, in the meaningful pursuit of what is life-engaging and life-revealing, which is to say, in the idea of becoming.A nation is not measured by what it poees or wants to poe, but by what it wants to become.

By all means let the happine-market sell us minor satisfactions and even minor follies so long as we keep them in scale and buy them out of spiritual change.I am no customer for either Puritanism or asceticism.But drop any real spiritual capital at those bazaars, and what you come home to will be your own poorhouse.

6、What they should say is “Don’t be afraid to fail!” Failure isn’t fatal.Countle people have had a bout with it and come out stronger as a result.Many have even come out famous.History is strewn with eminent dropouts, “loners” who followed their own trail, not worrying about its odd twists and turns because they had faith in their own sense of direction.To read their biographies is always exhilarating, not only because they beat the system, but because their system was better than the one that they beat.

Who is to say, then, if there is any right path to the top, or even to say what the top consists of? Obviously the colleges don’t have more than a partial answer — otherwise the young would not be so disaffected with an education that they consider vapid.Obviously busine does not have the answer — otherwise the young would not be so scornful of its call to be an organization man.

7、Fatherlene is the most harmful demographic trend of this generation.It is the leading cause of the decline in the well-being of children.It is also the engine driving our most urgent social problems, from crime to adolescent pregnancy to domestic violence.Yet, despite its scale and social consequences, fatherlene is frequently ignored or denied.Especially within our elite discourse, it remains a problem with no name.

Surely a crisis of this scale merits a name and a response.At a minimum, it requires a serious debate: Why is fatherhood declining? What can be done about it? Can our society find ways to invigorate effective fatherhood as a norm of male behavior? Yet, to date, our public discuion has been remarkably weak and defeatist.There is a prevailing belief that not much can or even should be done to reverse the trend.

10、I have always been intrigued by the African tribal maxim that it takes a village to raise a child.In a similar sense, I would argue it takes the whole campus community — students, faculty, and administrators — to effectively educate a student.If our only goal is to reduce cheating, there are far simpler strategies we can employ.But if we have the courage to set our sights higher, and strive to achieve the goals of a liberal education, the challenge is much greater.Among other things, it is a challenge to develop students who accept responsibility for the ethical consequences of their ideas and actions.Our goal should not simply be to reduce cheating; rather, our goal should be to find innovative and creative ways to use academic integrity as a building block in our efforts to develop more responsible students and, ultimately, more responsible citizens.Our campuses must become places where the entire “village” — the community of students, faculty, and administrators — actively works together to achieve this goal.

Having decided that sanctions do little more than to permanently mar a student’s record, an increasing number of schools are taking a more educational approach to academic dishonesty.They are striving to implement strategies that will help offending students understand the ethical consequences of their behavior.These strategies seem often to be win-win situations.Faculty are more willing to report suspected cheating, or to addre it themselves, when they understand that educational rather than punitive sanctions are likely to result.

推荐第6篇：优美段落英语

经典英语优美段落：

1、I don\'t know what I do now is right, those are wrong, and when I finally die then I know these.So what I can do now is to try to do everything well, and then wait to die .Sometimes I can be very happy to talk to everyone, can be very presumptuous, but no one knows, it is but very deliberatelycamouflage, camouflage; I can make him very happy very happy, but couldn\'t find the source of happine, just giggle.

优美段落翻译：

【我不知道我现在做的哪些是对的,那些是错的,而当我终于老死的时候我才知道这些.所以我现在所能做的就是尽力做好每一件事,然后等待着老死.有时候我可以很开心的和每个人说话,可以很放肆的,可是却没有人知道,那不外是伪装,很刻意的伪装;我可以让自己很快乐很快乐,可是却找不到快乐的源头,只是傻笑.】

2、If not to the sun for smiling, warm is still in the sun there, but wewill laugh more confident calm; if turned to found his own shadow, appropriate escape, the sun will be through the heart,warm each place behind the corner; if an outstretched palm cannot fall butterfly, then clenched waving arms, given power; if I can\'t have bright smile, it will face to the sunshine, and sunshine smile together, in full bloom.

优美段落翻译：

【如果不向太阳索取微笑,温暖仍在太阳那里,但我们会笑得更加自信从容;如果转过身去发现了自己的影子,适当的躲让,阳光便可穿越心灵,温暖每一处身后的角落;如果摊开的掌心不能点落蝴蝶,那就紧握成拳挥动臂膀,给予力量;如果我不能够微笑得灿烂,那就将脸投向灿烂的阳光,与阳光一起微笑,烂漫.】

3、Time is like a river, the left bank is unable to forget the memories, right is worth grasp the youth, the middle of the fast flowing, is the sad young faint.There are many good things, buttruly belong to own but not much.See the courthouse bloom,honor or disgrace not Jing, hope heaven Yunjuanyunshu, has no intention to stay.In this round the world, all can learn to use a normal heart to treat all around, is also a kind of realm!

优美段落翻译：

【岁月就象一条河,左岸是无法忘却的回忆,右岸是值得把握的青春年华,中间飞快流淌的,是年轻隐隐的伤感.世间有许多美好的东西,但真正属于自己的却并不多.看庭前花开花落,荣辱不惊,望天上云卷云舒,去留无意.在这个纷绕的世界里,能够学会用一颗平常的心去对待周围的一切,也是一种境界!】

4、Swim, let nature cleanse your heart; read, let the words warmyour stillne; keep a raise, let free conditioning your exhaustion; put out of your mind, let things.Fun, let laughteraround your heart; sing, let the song expre your memories; let a let, let pa to retain your tolerance; say, let you unlock your doubts; look, let the distance from your hope.

优美段落翻译：

【游一游,让自然荡涤你的心胸;读一读,让文字温馨你的沉静;养一养,让清闲调理你的疲惫;放一放,让琐事跳出你的脑海.乐一乐,让笑语缠住你的心窝;唱一唱,让歌声表达你的回忆;让一让,让狭路留住你的宽容;说一说,让知己解开你的疑惑;望一望,让远方捎来你的希望.】

5、The sun, not only from the sun, but also from our hearts.Have a heart of the sun, can see the bright side of the world; there is sunshine in the heart, with the wrong people heart to heart; the heart of sunshine, even in a sad day, will retain the warmth andenthusiasm; the heart of sunshine, can improve the quality of life.Self-confidence, tolerance, give, love, gratitude, let the heart of the sun, illuminate the little drops of life, the heart of the sun, the sun makes the fate.

优美段落翻译：

【阳光,不只来自太阳,也来自我们的心.心里有阳光,能看到到世界美好的一面;心里有阳光,能与有缘的人心心相映;心里有阳光,即使在有遗憾的日子,也会保留温暖与热情;心里有阳光,才能提升生命品质.自信、宽容、给予、爱、感恩吧,让心里的阳光,照亮生活中的点点滴滴,阳光的心,造就阳光的命运.】

6、Childhood is a cup of coffee, drink a people lead a person to endle aftertastes; childhood is a book, each page is a record of our hours of the paions; childhood is a cup of tea, after drinking, the mouth is also revealing the sweet taste; childhood is a painting, we have a colorful life picture.An insect, a toy, a discovery, a quarrel.Not worth mentioning are full ofhappine, the pursuit of dreams and.Childhood innocence,unforgettable years.

优美段落翻译：

【童年是一杯咖啡,喝着让人回味无穷;童年是一本书,每一页都记录着我们小时的喜怒哀乐;童年是一杯茶,喝完后,嘴里还流露着甘甜的味道;童年是一幅画,画里有我们五彩的生活.一只昆虫,一个玩具,一次发现,一场争执……微不足道却饱含着我们的快乐、梦想和追求.童年是纯真、难忘的岁月.】

7、Sometimes you dream to be a kind of happine, sometimes the dream is also a kind of happine; sometimes is a kind of happine, sometimes the lo is also a kind of happine;sometimes succe is a kind of happine, sometimes failure is also a kind of happine.Sometimes the rich is a kind of happine, sometimes poverty is also a kind of happine.\"Not happy\" today, now can not be \"happy\", while it may be tomorrow or later become \"happine\"!

优美段落翻译：

【有时你的梦想达到是一种幸福,有时梦想破灭也是一种幸福;有时得到是一种幸福,有时失去也是一种幸福;有时成功是一种幸福,有时失败也是一种幸福.有时富有是一种幸福,有时贫穷也是一种幸福.“不幸福”今天或者现在不能成为“幸福”,而明天或者以后却可能变成“幸福”!】

8、Sometimes when we don\'t want to work, sometimes will suddenlywant to drink, sometimes you want to travel alone, sometimes you want to get married.There are so many thoughts in our minds, but just think about it.Perhaps we really need some courage, for some sudden ideas to try.Maybe, it will give you a big surprise!

优美段落翻译：

【有时候突然就不想工作了,有时候会突然想要喝几杯,有时候会想要独自旅行,有时候就想结婚了……我们的脑子里有那么多的念头,可是仅仅只是想想而已.或许我们真的需要一些勇气,为一些突然蹦出的念头而尝试一下.也许,它会带给你惊喜!】

推荐第7篇：高中语文议论文段落写作

高中语文议论文段落写作

阅读下面的材料，根据要求作文。

南极的企鹅是种憨态可掬的小动物，可以在水中游嬉，也能在陆上行走。然而，南极大地的水陆交接处，全是滑溜溜的冰层或者尖锐的冰棱，它们身躯笨重，没有可以用来攀爬的前臂，也没有可以飞翔的翅膀，如何从水中上岸?在将要上岸之时，企鹅猛地低头，从海面扎入海中，拼力沉潜。潜得越深，海水所产生的压力和浮力也越大，企鹅一直潜到适当的深度，再摆动双足，迅猛向上，犹如离弦之箭蹿出水面，腾空而起，落于陆地之上，画出一道完美的U形线。这种沉潜是为了蓄势，积聚破水而出的力量，看似笨拙，却富有成效。人生何尝不是如此？企鹅的沉潜蓄势的原理一定能给你一些人生哲理的启示。

请根据你对这段文字所蕴涵哲理的理解，以“蓄势与勃发”为话题，写一篇不少于800字的议论文，题目自拟，不得抄袭。

一、部分学生存在的问题综述

1、有关“是什么”的段落——对“关键词”不够敏感，守得不稳。

2、有关“为什么”的段落——观点材料圆合得不够；用例技巧不够老道；说理方式单一。

3、有关“怎么做”的段落——缺乏比较意识。

4、有关“我怎样”的段落——“文中有我”的不多，不够细腻。

*是什么---关键词意思---别人的观点---我的观点

1.为什么解读关键词？确定论域，让论点立得更稳。“梦想”既可以指幻想、妄想（贬义），也可以指渴望、愿望（中性词）。作者对“梦想”进行必要的诠释后，论点更有说服力。

例、梦想是什么？梦想是人们对美好事物的憧憬和渴望，是人们最美丽最可爱的愿望。人类因梦想而伟大，人生因梦想而精彩，让我们带着梦想前进。

漫漫人生旅程，梦想如同海上的灯塔，带着梦想前进，人生之旅才更有方向感。记得失去了双手和双脚的澳大利亚青年尼克·胡哲吗？„„

2.为什么解读关键词？让含蓄、有多种象征意味的词变得显豁明白 使自我常在

金庸大师笔下的黄东邪，顽皮，偶尔犯点小邪气，却为众人称赞、羡慕，为何？因为他有一个只属于他自己的美丽小岛。（引材料，简洁明了，强调“属于他自己”，暗示自己的切入角度。）其实，这只属于黄东邪的美丽的小岛，不只是指“岛”，更是指一个强大的“自我”，一个独属于自己的精神世界。（点明“岛”的象征义，审题准确，且为下文展开论证确立了恰当的切入点。）

3.本次作文的关键词？

蓄势、勃发 优秀片段欣赏——

企鹅潜水是蓄势，破水而出是勃发；雄鹰低飞是蓄势，直冲云霄是勃发；猎豹下蹲是蓄势，果断出击是勃发。（联比，形象化诠释）蓄势，是力量的积聚，是勃发前必要的准备。它是一种低姿态进入，高姿态出去的形式，体现出一种深度和底蕴（理性分析，个性解读）

„„

由蓄势到勃发是一种量变到质变的过程，是螺旋式上升的过程，蓄势到一定时候，只需抓住机遇，就能勃发而起，那就能像企鹅一样到达理想的目的。

供探讨的语段—— 语段一：

生活之中，不管是学业还是事业，总离不开沉潜，也就是深厚坚实的积累与放低姿态的从容。若是失去了必要的低姿态，昂起高卢雄鸡般高傲的头颅，目中无人，没有敬畏，也就不会有日后破茧而出的飞跃了。

——摘自作文《沉潜后飞跃》 语段二：

蓄而不勃是浪费的，为蓄而蓄是可笑的„„如果说只蓄不勃可笑，那么不蓄而妄勃就是可耻„„勃蓄合一，乃成功之道。

——摘自作文《勃蓄合一》

了解“别人的观点”，可以在立论时用“不是，不是，而是”这类句式从侧面阐释自己的观点，使观点立得更稳。（特别适合思辨性题目） 多走一步

„„

古人求中庸之道。正所谓棒打出头鸟，过分张扬则易招来祸患，安分守己岂不是轻松自在，又何必比别人再多一步？看布鲁诺提出“异端”学说而活活烧死，谭嗣同追随新法而抛头颅洒热血，苏格拉底被指“误人子弟”而受刑，司马迁为李陵辩护而成阶下囚；凡此种种，不都是因多走一步而结局凄凉吗？

然而，多走一步，才能孕育希望之光，才能延续发展之路。

我主张多走一步，不是不辨方向地走，不是不管实力大小地走，也不是没有目的地走，而是在方向正、实力强、目的明的条件下多走一步。 ——摘自广州一模优秀作文

了解“别人的观点”，解读关键词，要考虑自己的立论角度，诠释时尽可能将与自己立论相悖的部分排除在外。

例、深圳二模作文：

该抢则抢

提到“抢”字，许多人可能会想到“抢劫”，“抢盐”，“抢占座位”等等。

但生活中只有这一类“抢”吗？在我看来，有时候，该抢则抢。

不过，我所说的抢，不是抢夺他人的财物，不是为损人利己去“抢”，而是指为了活出生命的质量，去“抢”时间，去“抢”有利时机。

“是什么”段落类型的变式——别人的观点（不是，不是，而是）

美文1：守住孤单（赵剑平）

孤单不是孤僻、孤冷、孤傲，不是旁若无人的自恃清高，也不是心灵封闭的孤芳自赏。我们追求的孤单，应当是超凡脱俗的豁达、心如止水的意境。孤单者须有云消气度松柏精神，不以物喜，不以己悲。在浮躁的社会生态环境中，孤单是修身明志的心灵空调。

美文2：享受生活从“知味”开始（张保振）

现代人都有这样的感受，生活越来越丰富多彩，但人们的心情却越来越复杂；很多人的脸色健康红润，但表情却很僵硬，甚至像冬季山中的岩石那样冰凉冷漠。面对这种现象，有人提出了“享受生活每一天”的命题。

人若能做到享受生活每一天，固然妙不可言，但享受不是“充饥”，不是把肚子填饱就行，享受是要“品味”的，而品味就需要“知味”。

美文3：好东西是“憋”出来的（陈鲁民）

„„

所谓“憋”，依我管见，至少有熬、悟、磨三层意思。（中心观点分解） 先说“熬”。 „„

艺术创作中的“熬”，不是无意义的重复劳动，消耗时光；也不是一味地死熬、傻熬、硬熬；而是“熬”中有“悟”，“熬”中有进。通常是在经过长时间的苦思冥想后，突然开悟、醒悟，恍然大悟，创作灵感如同春潮滚动，汹涌澎湃，好的作品，传世佳作，往往就会在这时候问世。

关注别人观点的段落——

蓄势未必勃发，因为有人将蓄势定义为一个无限期的压抑，最终反而消耗了内力。勃发，是向上的，是激昂的，而蓄势，是向后的，向下的，是蛰伏的，是压制的，蓄势一旦走向盲目，人便会形成惯性，走向与自己初衷相悖离的平庸甚至堕落。

——摘自傅笑千《蓄势未必勃发，不蓄势定难勃发》 升格稿——

为什么有人蓄势却未能勃发？一个重要的原因是有人将“蓄势”理解为长久压抑，自耗内力。其实，蓄势虽然要向下沉潜，虽然要压抑蛰伏，但这不是蓄势的全部内涵，沉潜中在等待机遇，蛰伏时在积攒能力，沉寂中在寻求突破，一旦时机成熟，就会昂然勃发——这种勃发是向上的，是激昂的，是蓄势的土壤开出的美丽花朵。

——傅笑千《蓄势未必勃发，不蓄势定难勃发》

**为什么----观点与材料-----求圆合

“为什么”——例证法

（1）观点与材料圆合得可以更细腻一些。 片段一：

蓄势，是漫长而寂寞的过程，几多辛酸几多泪水，才可成就一场辉煌。（分论点）《泰坦尼克号》后，导演卡梅隆用了十年时间才拍出风靡全球的《阿凡达》；奥运会的开幕式，是无数人日夜排练后惊艳的演出，震撼了世界，完美诠释中国形象；王羲之用于练习的墨汁最终染黑了水池，才成就了一代书法大师，造就了天下第一行书。（举例）蓄势的过程枯燥、乏味，是不断精益求精，改进细节的过程。辛酸、泪水与汗水夹杂其中，蓄势无疑是苦涩的，但最终的勃发壮丽而辉煌。台下十年功，台上一分钟，为了一分钟的勃发更耀眼，付出的必然更多。蓄势的过程黑暗，前途却光明。（对事例进行分析）

——作文 片段一升格：

蓄势，是漫长而寂寞的过程，若能静下心来，带着梦想，努力前行，何愁不能拥抱成功？何愁不能昂然勃发？（分论点）王羲之有“临池学书，池水尽黑”的蓄势，才有成为一代书法大师，造就天下第一行书的勃发；北京奥运会开幕式的演员有数百个日夜辛苦排练的蓄势，才有演出震撼世界，“完美诠释了中国形象”的勃发；著名导演卡梅隆有蛰居十余年，求新求变，研究3D制作技术，精心打磨创作团队的蓄势，才有《阿凡达》风靡全球，票房达24亿美元的勃发。（举例）俗语说得好：“台上一分钟，台下十年功。”倘若没有这枯燥、乏味的蓄势过程，倘若蓄势时不洒下汗水和泪水，能有勃发时的壮丽与辉煌吗？（对事例进行分析）

——作文片段升格

片段二：

蓄势是一种收敛与自省，为的是创造于无声处听惊雷的绝响，勃发出属于生命的灿烂光华。

从大戈壁到达健陀罗，六十八岁的法显用信仰的力量征服了天山山脉，他蓄势，清澈的信念让她徒步跨越了兴都库什山，他蓄势，不妥协的使命感让他敛起了欲望的裙摆，穿越了生命的绝境。他最终到达，他的竹杖芒鞋成为了历史的灿烂千阳，他清癯的面庞成为了宗教史上永恒的烛照，勃发出人类历史上泣鬼神的绝响。

——作文片段 片段二----升格

蓄势是一种收敛与自省，为的是创造于无声处听惊雷的绝响，勃发出属于生命的灿烂光华。

东晋僧人法显，为求法取经竟在六十多岁时踏上西行之路，共游历将近30个国家，首尾经历14年。其间，法显十余年如一日，刻苦学习梵书、梵语，每天抄写经典，苦心孤诣地蓄势终于勃发出人类历史上惊天地、泣鬼神的绝响，在海上走了三年才回到中国的他，不仅翻译了多部佛教典籍，还撰写了佛学著作《佛国记》。试想，没有十多年的蓄势之功，年逾古稀的他会有如此惊人的勃发吗？

——作文片段升格

片段三：

倘若说蓄势是低姿态的奋斗，那么勃发便是高姿态的出彩；倘若说蓄势是滴水的积累，那么勃发便是穿石的质变。蓄势到了一定程度，积聚的力量便如即将离弦之箭，此时不发，更待何时？邓亚萍乒坛退役后走上艰辛的求学之路，孤灯伴影，潜心苦读，头发一把把脱落，学习用品堆满宿舍，春节期间竟然整天吃速冻饺子，一点一点的蓄势，最终她耀眼勃发，获得剑桥大学博士学位。试想，如果轻言放弃，半途而废，缺少蓄势之功，她学业上能有勃发之举吗？

——作文《勃发需蓄势，蓄势造勃发 》片段

升格建议——用例的方式可以灵活一些。（部分文章单举多，正反对比少；点例多，面例少；旧例多，新例少。）成功的议论文语段，但从全文看，点例多，面例少，力度不够大。建议：新颖的材料详例（点例），大家熟悉的材料用略例（面例）。

片段三---升格建议1：点例（单举）-----面例（多举）

倘若说蓄势是低姿态的奋斗，那么勃发便是高姿态的出彩；倘若说蓄势是滴水的积累，那么勃发便是穿石的质变。蓄势到了一定程度，积聚的力量便如即将离弦之箭，此时不发，更待何时？邓亚萍乒坛退役后走上艰辛的求学之路，孤灯伴影，潜心苦读，头发一把把脱落，学习用品堆满宿舍，春节期间竟然整天吃速冻饺子，一点一点的蓄势，最终她耀眼勃发，获得剑桥大学博士学位。试想，如果轻言放弃，半途而废，缺少蓄势之功，她学业上能有勃发之举吗？

像邓亚萍这样深谙蓄势乃勃发之道，最终与成功携手的人难道还少吗？（由点过渡到面）葡萄牙第一航海家恩里克王子，为探索海上之路默默蓄势，最终取得航海的成功。NBA明星科比初出道时，刻苦训练，以至每天只睡三四个小时，没有这艰难的蓄势，他怎么可能在NBA众多高手中脱颖而出？《非诚勿扰》节目主持人孟非，做过杂工、场记、编辑，每一项工作他都精益求精，如果不是一路蓄势，他能成为当红主持人吗？冰心一首小诗说得好：“成功的花，人们只惊慕她现时的明艳，然而当初她的芽儿，浸透了奋斗的泪泉,洒遍了牺牲的血雨。”（引用名言，既显文采，又对上述三个略例进行绾结）这些成功者如鲜花般勃然怒放时，我们是否能想想他们默默蓄势时为花儿洒下的血和泪？

——作文片段升格

片段四：

要勃发，先蓄势。这样的处世智慧随处可见。撰写《三都赋》的左思在世人的鄙夷中，在陆机的嘲笑下矢志不渝，整整花费十年终于创作成功，让世人甘拜下风，慨叹不已。十年的蓄势换来千古绝唱，世人的钦佩。

——作文《蓄势而后勃发》片段

片段四-----升格建议2：点例（单向）

多例（对比）

要勃发，先蓄势。不少古人明了这样的处世智慧。撰写《三都赋》的左思在世人的鄙夷中，在陆机的嘲笑下矢志不渝，收集大量的历史、地理、物产、风俗人情的资料，闭门谢客，昼夜冥思苦想，常常是好久才推敲出一个满意的句子。十年的蓄势终于赢得创作成功，让世人甘拜下风，慨叹不已。（正面谈）遗憾的是，尽管人人都想勃发，但并非人人都愿蓄势。南北朝时期的江淹，曾名倾一时，可步入官场后，他的心思多花在迎来送往，应和酬答上，读书少了，动笔少了，懒得在文学上蓄势了，最终文思枯竭，只落得个“江郎才尽”的可悲结局。（反面谈）懂得蓄势的左思使“洛阳纸贵”，不愿蓄势的江淹却“泯然众人”，这诚如庄子所说：“适百里者，宿舂粮；适千里者，三月聚粮。”没有“宿舂粮““三月聚粮”的蓄势，哪里会有“适百里”与“适千里”的勃发！（分析论证）

——作文《蓄势而后勃发》片段

片段五：青苹果总要熟透了才会香甜可口；花骨朵总要开放了才能光彩夺目；暴风雨总要在沉寂后才隆隆袭来„„（巧类比）而人，总要在蓄势后，才能勃发。（亮观点）

我们都了解弹簧吧。弹簧在被挤压中蓄势，一旦我们松手，他便一跃而起，发出惊人的力量。（打比方）这不禁令人想起一位古代的伟人——越王勾践。勾践战败后本十分沮丧，若就此一蹶不振，想必只是个让人耻笑的懦夫。然而，勾践没有颓然不思上进，回国后，他卧薪床，尝苦胆，爱百姓，招贤士。一点点壮大自己，不断地蓄势。而当他的力量日益增长，当那复仇之日到来时，勾践一雪前耻，成就伟业，向世人展示了那蓄势之后勃发的力量。（举实例）

——作文《蓄势方能勃发》片段

片段五----升格建议3：平面

层递（由浅入深）

青苹果总要熟透了才会香甜可口；花骨朵总要开放了才能光彩夺目；暴风雨总要在沉寂后才隆隆袭来„„（巧类比）而人，总要在蓄势后，才能勃发。（亮观点）

我们都了解弹簧吧。弹簧在被挤压中蓄势，一旦我们松手，他便一跃而起，发出惊人的力量。（打比方）这不禁令人想起一位古代的伟人——越王勾践。勾践战败后本十分沮丧，若就此一蹶不振，想必只是个让人耻笑的懦夫。然而，勾践没有颓然不思上进，回国后，他卧薪床，尝苦胆，爱百姓，招贤士。一点点壮大自己，不断地蓄势。而当他的力量日益增长，当那复仇之日到来时，勾践一雪前耻，成就伟业，向世人展示了那蓄势之后勃发的力量。（举实例）

对个人而言，蓄势乃勃发之道，对于一个民族亦如此。（层进式拓展）

“3·11”大地震中，日本国民展现出极高的素质，让人们对这个民族肃然起敬。其实，他们早已开始蓄势。一位英国记者曾在二战后不久来到日本，在还飘着硝烟（“飘着硝烟”突出强调特定的背景）的废墟中，他却听到一阵琅琅的读书声，这群专心读书的孩子，对学习的痴迷几乎到了心无旁骛的地步，（事例暗合“蓄势”，为论理做好准备）记者断言，这个懂得蓄势的民族，离勃发之日不会太远。果然，二战后的日本，由于重视教育，默默蓄势，使得国民素质提升，国势昂然勃发，一跃成为世界民族群体的领跑者。

——作文《蓄势方能勃发》片段升格

片段六：

庄子《逍遥游》中曾有这样一句话：“且夫水之积也不厚，则其负大舟也无力。”欲成就大事者，必须经过慢慢积累，必须在蓄势上下功夫。如果没有越王勾践二十年卧薪尝胆磨一剑，又怎会有日后越国的复国？如果没有诸葛亮饱读诗书，又怎会有后来的三分天下，名成八阵图？有不断蓄势的量的积累，才会有质的飞跃，懂得蓄势方能勃发。

——作文《蓄势方能勃发》片段

片段六：升格建议5——旧例------新例（时代气息可以浓一点）

庄子《逍遥游》中曾有这样一句话：“且夫水之积也不厚，则其负大舟也无力。”欲成就大事者，必须经过慢慢积累，必须在蓄势上下功夫。如果没有越王勾践二十年卧薪尝胆磨一剑，又怎会有日后越国的复国？如果没有诸葛亮饱读诗书，又怎会有后来的三分天下，名成八阵图？有不断蓄势的量的积累，才会有质的飞跃，懂得蓄势方能勃发。

——作文《蓄势方能勃发》片段

片段七：

俯身蓄势是敢于冲破命运桎梏的决然，是敢于向黑暗迸发的坚毅。

“卑鄙是卑鄙者的通行证，高尚是高尚者的墓志铭”，在黑暗的精神幕布下，北岛冷静蓄势，用大量椎心泣血的文字震碎了一个甘心与雷釜同声、与瓦瓮共鸣的时代。他以冷峻的目光注视“在星星的弹孔里，将流出血红的黎明”。甘于在不虚张声势中潜心修行，终成先声夺人的华章是属于生命的勇敢。“站在太阳痛苦的芒上”的海子以麦为衾，以稻为枕，他在苦痛中蓄势，在死亡中勃发出人性不苟同，不随波逐流的光辉。试问：今日有几个人能置生死于不顾，决绝地向黑暗中迈去，有几个人能仰天地之正气，法古今之完人？

——作文《蓄势三千只为勃发之美 》片段

片段八：升格建议6：抽象---形象（论证灵活一点）

苍鹰击殿，必先急剧攀升；狮子搏兔，必先俯身曲腿；暴风雨的来临，必先有暗流涌动、压抑的前夜。若得利箭出，必先弓满月。没有蓄势，凭什么勃发？

蓄势之于勃发，就如同拂晓的薄雾之于太阳升起。勃发必以蓄势为前提，否则发而无力，事半功倍。

比如跆拳道的脚法，每踩一步，必先屈膝；每踢一脚，必是屈膝提腿，转腰后的凌厉横踢。世界跆拳道锦标赛的冠军之所以能成为冠军，在于他们的蓄力，蓄势得当：往往看似正常微微屈膝，便是他们凶猛进攻的前兆。如果没有那曲腿，没有那隐蔽且快速的蓄势，那么勃发的攻击与夺冠都是浮云。

——作文片段

***“怎么做”——多一点比较意识

“怎么做”出彩的方法就是比较。 示例：

所积蓄得力量的厚度决定勃发的高度。有的人浅尝辄止，才忍受了片刻的沉默，便被周遭的叨扰所动摇，缺乏耐力与恒心，成功也半生不熟；而有的人则咬紧牙关，不为短途的美景所迷惑，直到“会当凌绝顶”才“一览众山小”。

——作文片段

美文：交 友 之 道（片断）（张保振）

“怎么做”——分类、比较

交友之道关键是取友。世间尽管有“一见如旧识，一言知道心”的交友取友之道，但取友毕竟是取优，故不可等闲视之、草率取之。自古至今，为人称颂的取友之道，“慢热型”的居多。这种慢热型，往往是先淡后浓，先疏后亲，先远后近。初次见面，就亲热得不得了，未必是真友、至友，很可能是遇上了“见面熟”。这种“见面熟”式的朋友，当你遇到挫折，甚至将要掉进深渊时，他的双手未必来拉住你；当你一帆风顺，甚至头脑发热有点得意忘形而误入歧途时，他的双手未必来指引你。取友，就是要智可以砥砺，行可以辅弼，有了错误可以指正。司马迁在《史记·汲郑列传》中说：“一死一生，乃知交情。一贫一富，乃知交态；一贵一贱，交情乃见。”这“六个一”，全在人生的关节点，道出了取友的最佳点。所以，对贫贱之交、生死之交，不仅终生不可忘，而且要始终一契之。

少一点浮躁，多一抹清欢

古人云：“云在青天水在瓶。”此言诚不我欺。云在青天抑或心上，那抹淡然不来不去，水在海里抑或瓶中，那份清澈不增不减。少一点浮躁，多一点清欢，国人若能参悟此理，天下一大“抢”之局面才能变成历史的旧音。

漫溯历史沟渠，不乏好“抢”之人。成吉思汗大纵铁骑踏遍欧亚大陆可即之处，抢着建功立业，却忘了用一抹淡然的心来守江山、安百姓，到头来两手空空，身死异处。再说那奸臣和珅，抢着聚富敛财，抢着博上一笑而自耀门楣，抢着夺百姓口食为自家宫室，最后也只抢得一纸诏令，满门抄斩！还有那千千万万的学子们，未参得书中一义，未悟尽儒家之理，便匆匆忙忙远赴帝京参加科举，意欲抢得熬头独占，抢着加官晋爵。而有落榜者,终其一生仍未脱离那大“抢”之人群，如范进暮年中举，任大好青春空蹉跎，岂不悲哉！

思由此不禁大惊，原来“抢”之传统，中国自古便有，待嗅到那一抹红楼幽香，却才放下心来。君且看曹氏雪芹，于名利之前不争不抢，天下熙熙攘攘，皆为利来利往，他却独秉清欢为笔，在陋室之中不紧不慢，终以一本开文学史上古今未有之变局的《红楼梦》，攀爬上人生的高峰。十年增删，闲室雅坐，岂不是对这一“抢”字的最好讽刺？

纵观今日之世，国人似已视“抢”为乐，交警哨声在耳，便向那红光闪处抢去；日本地震余震来了，抢盐的大军早已席天卷地而去„„我却想问你们一句，纵使抢完这一生，你们又能得到什么？抢名抢利，却又为何不去抢点清欢自适，以一种无忧的心态来赏人生之曲？浮躁侵掠心脾之余，你们又将朱光潜老先生那一句“慢慢走，欣赏啊”置于何地？

清欢是一种唤回本善的人生智慧，看看那些洗去浮躁的人们吧，他们抢着去灾区救死扶伤，他们抢着将一笔笔积蓄寄给山区里那些个渴望知识的孩子，他们抢着用爱心唤醒世界上被浮躁蒙弊还在抢着生活的人们„„同为一“抢”，相差何极！

“人间有味是清欢”，苏子之言萦绕于耳，流着龙之血液的华夏儿女们，你们是要用“抢”的浮躁节奏终此一生，还是用古人“日出而作，日落而息”的清欢与智慧浇胸中块垒？

人世短，人间长，我们不能选择人生的长度，却能决定生命的高度，少一点浮躁，多一抹清欢，活出生命的高贵与高度！

****“我怎样”——多一点真情实感，多一点细节

在“我怎样”这一角度用力：高分作文的秘诀之一

例一：蓄势了不要急于勃发，不必一瞬间花光所有的蓄积，在勃发中检验，在勃发中调整很必要。在我们现实生活中，“又好又快”似乎很受热捧。“速成班”市场广阔，“50天提高150分”是教学参考书百试百灵的噱头，经济建设也力求好了再快一点。可是，为勃发做准备的蓄势真的少不了时间的沉淀，缺不了专注的打磨，容不了急功近利的干扰！憨憨的企鹅都明白在适当的深度才张开双翼，我们有时精明反被精明误，过早地迫切地飞跃，迎来的却是重重一摔！因此，激动人心、渴望已久的勃发之前请学会蓄势，忍得痛苦，总有一天，你会勃发，你会成为人生的胜者。

——红岭中学刘禺岑作文片段 在“我怎样”这一角度用力：高分作文的秘诀之一

拿到考题后先问自己——

为什么命卷人会让我来写这道作文题？

我有怎样的思考、感悟、体验？

我、我们、我们这个社会、我们这个时代与这道题有何关联？

我的见解有没有独特之处？我这种思考是否符合主流价值观？

深圳一模满分作文——

心存莲花

我心中有一只猛虎在细嗅蔷薇，一刚一柔如此交融，故，坚若冷石，心中仍存柔弱莲花。

——题记

生活中，有时不是缺少宁静，而是缺少体会，不是缺少诗意，而是缺少发现。做人当如黄药师，你尽可顽皮，尽可邪气，但你一定要有自己的桃花岛——宁静与诗意。(提出自己的观点，角度独到。）

“问余何适，廓而忘言。华枝春满，天心月圆。”弘一大师用他自己方式阐释出了宁静的深意，我们仿佛看到他闲庭信步，观庭外花开花落，望天边云卷云舒。这是何等高远的境界！弘一大师虽有家国之痛，但心中仍有如莲般的宁静岛屿，不为外物所动，不为名利所累，一心向佛，苦心修炼，赢得万众敬仰。试想，如果没有这种内心深处的宁静，他又怎会悟出人生的真谛呢？（阐释宁静的境界对人的重要性，选取“弘一大师”这一素材为论据，典型深刻。）

“在布达拉宫，我是雪域之王。走在拉萨的街头，我是世界上最美的情郎。仓失嘉措用“世间安得双全法，不负如来不负卿”般的诗意为我们诠释了人生一种新的境界。他虽叛逆，但心中仍存一朵傲气红莲，那便是他内心的诗意。如此，他问遍了佛理，他率性自然，诗意地栖居在人生的旅途。（阐释生活的诗意对人的重要性，仓失嘉措这一用例也很有文化味。）

如今，我们的宁静早已不知所踪。“世间本无事，庸人自扰之”，我们正如那“庸人”般，整日为名上下奔窜，为利左右窜奔，（语言有味道，“奔窜”“窜奔”妙！）许多人的心中早已没有了宁静，没有了那支只属于你的莲花。更何况在这物欲横流的时代，对李白、杜甫感兴趣的越来越少，对迪奥、奥迪感兴趣的越来越多，（妙！）我们的诗意早已缺失，间或有“伪诗意”窜出，只能被人所耻笑，为之所痛心。远有“羊羔体”之辨，近有“文化故里”之争，内有程式化的新闻报道，外有“要正面宣传”的专断„„如此种种，怎能不令人因宁静与诗意的流失而痛心疾首！（反面切入，与前两段形成对比，使论证充分而有力度。）

究其根本，还是源于我们对宁静的体会不够，对诗意的漠视与淡忘。学一学黄药师吧，为自己留一个空间，种上心中美好的莲花，换回内心的本具，是在这个社会之中不被丑化，不被欲化的根本方法。（回望材料，很规范的写法。）

日本法师吉田兼好有这么一句话：“人心是不待风吹而自落的花。”遵循万物的宁静天道，诗意地栖居，才能在这个社会中找到自己的桃花岛。而我，甘愿为一株辛夷坞芙蓉开在世间种种圆满的规则之外，心怀宁静与诗意，踏踏实实的完成自己的人生使命，走出小我，成就大我。（从怎么办的角度切入，与前面的几段形成层进式结构。）

栖息在这个社会的现代人都需要一座宁静与诗意的岛屿，都应该心存莲花，活出人生的高贵与高度！（呼应中心论点，回眸一笑。）

蓄势，只为那一刻的勃发（审题准，角度好，题目即观点）

火山不是每时每刻都在喷发，大海不是每时每刻都在咆哮，不断积蓄力量，在最好的时刻爆发，这是大自然原本就有的道理，在人类社会同样通用。（类比开篇） 蓄势，就是韬光养晦。将自己的锋芒、气场收敛起来，慢慢积累力量，等候勃发的时机。勾践做到了，所以“三千越甲可吞吴”；姜子牙做到了，所以“愿者上钩”的故事流传千古；刘裕做到了，所以这个卑微的北府士兵摇身变为刘宋王朝的开创人，（面例）就像足球比赛中罚点球时，如果没有完美的助跑，何来那令人叫绝的射门？蓄势，正需要人沉静下来，在看似并不显著的运动中积累力量，迎接壮美的勃发。（分析论证，语言有力度。）

蓄势，决不可安于蓄势。多少人在蓄势的过程中忘记了蓄势的目的是为了勃发。数学中有一个名词叫“拐点”，到达拐点，曲线或上升就下降。有的人就在快到达拐点时失去方向，忘记了勃发才是蓄势的初衷，于是在时机来临的那一刻，他们的前势泻尽，人生成为一条减函数的曲线。为了不安于蓄势而忘记了勃发，岳鹏举背上刺字“精忠报国”，时时鞭策自己不要苟且于日日操练的例行公事，而要将剑尖指向金人，与之搏命。他明白自己的使命是杀敌，而朝廷让他练兵的目的只是主降派为消磨自己斗志的伎俩。他的确在练兵，他的岳家军声名远播，但他在该冲锋时毅然冲上，在血与火的较量中让生命的热血勃发。（对比论证） 蓄势，只为那一刻的勃发。在蓄势的过程中，需要人付出的实在太多——时间、金钱，有时甚至是生命——但并不能因此认为不值得。对于一个民族，一个国家，一种文明来说，蓄势不但必要，而且是唯一的兴盛繁荣之路。经历了巨大屈辱的中国和中华文明，它失去了无数仁人志士的宝贵生命，屡次置于绝境，它默默地忍受，在沉默中隐忍，它要在沉默中爆发。蓄势多年的中国，正等待勃发的时机。（由个人到一个民族，一个国家，一种文明；与前文构成层进式结构。） 夜半时分，昙花静静地开，艳冠群芳。然而它的绽放、它的勃发又是如此惊心动魄——蓄势半生的它，只为这一刻。（点题，语言隽永。） 蛰伏的力量

冬小麦的种子在雪地里蛰伏一个冬季，才有春天破土而出的力量；弓箭的弦充分拉伸，才有穿墙裂石的神力；也如同南极的企鹅有了笨拙的沉潜才划出那优美的弧线，每一次蛰伏是力量的积蓄，每一次力量的积蓄后才能拥有勃发的惊艳。 蛰伏是积蓄能量的一种方式，但并非是单纯静止不前而是沉默中自我磨砺。陶行知在学术研究上被笑称“十口柴扉九不开”，但他坚定“十口柴扉九不开”的信念默默钻研，终于在教育界留下绚丽的光辉；林肯在成为总统前体会过各种底层人民的生活如当洗碗工、报童等，可他在艰苦中积累经验，关注民生终成美国总统史上光辉的英雄；当今的无臂钢琴师刘伟数年来以脚练琴，最终在“中国达人秀”的舞台上一举成名。他们如同沉潜的企鹅感受到来自水的压力，但仍不气馁，一直寻觅最合适的温度与水压，最后展示在人们面前的是完美一跃，昂然勃发。 选择在适时蛰伏是一种睿智的达观与勇气。当没有可以攀爬的前肢却还想当北极熊，只会是“以若所为求若所欲，如缘木求鱼”，当个人缺乏有利于已的时机、工具或者外部条件，明智地选择沉潜才能积攒下足够的力量，为日后的勃发寻找完备的助推器。我很欣赏刘翔在北京奥运会的退赛，因为他明白蛰伏的力量。蛰伏与退出并不等价，蛰伏是勃发的前提与铺垫。如同一管弹簧，受到了下压的力后才会释放向上的反作用力，蛰伏的力量在于给予勃发施展反作用力的机会。 适时的勃发才能给蛰伏带来最美的谢幕。蓄而不发，引而不拉是功亏一篑的怅惘。人们遗憾，牙买加老将奥蒂以37岁高龄奔跑，却仍梦碎雅典；项羽在鸿门宴放走刘邦，最终乌江自刎„„其实，勃发是对蛰伏的必备诠释，勃发才能给蛰伏后的力量一个归宿。

假如春天是嫩芽的勃发，那冬天就需以蛰伏孕育力量。

勃发需蓄势蓄势造勃发

企鹅沉潜是为了实现完美的飞跃，幼苗扎根于地下是为了长成参天大树，压缩弹簧是为了产生更大的弹力。蓄势是勃发的条件，勃发是蓄势的目的。

蓄势不是知难而退，不是隐忍无奈，它是韬光养晦，是厚积薄发。没有地基的摩天大厦是最危险的，同样，没有蓄势的勃发是飘渺而又虚幻的。20世纪20年代贷款与投机给美国带来了超乎想象的繁荣时期，可事后这种缺乏蓄势的勃发很快便将美国拖入了世界性的经济危机。因此可见，蓄势对爆发的重要性是难以计数的。

倘若说蓄势是低姿态的奋斗，那么勃发便是高姿态的出彩。倘若说蓄势是滴水的积累，那么勃发便是穿石的质变。勃发不需要额外的谦让，需要的是毛遂自荐的勇气。一鼓作气，再而衰，三而竭。蓄势到了一定程度，集聚的力量如即将离弦之箭，此时不发，尚待何时？邓亚萍寒窗苦读，一把把脱落的头发，宿舍里成堆的学习器材，春节期间的速冻饺子，这些数不清的蓄势酿造了她今日耀眼的勃发。即便是一丝丝的拖延，也会使蓄势付诸东流。不实现勃发，蓄势是徒劳。 然而，蓄势并非易事，勃发更非一般。正如企鹅沉潜，潜得越深，海水所产生的压力变越大，同时，所获得的浮力也越大。这一复杂矛盾的过程在蓄势上展露无遗，同时也透露一个信息：在蓄势时，险阻的大小和力量的大小成正相关。长征的二万五千里是摆在红军面前做大的磨难与险阻，然而也正是如此，他们缔造了长征精神，播种下了革命的种子。因此蓄势需要革命的精神。

勃发的瓶颈在于度的把握。火候太小，汤便不熟，火候太大，汤便成焦。恃才旷物的文人最终落得个死无全尸的下场，这种现象不为少数。隐忍谦让的人才最终落得个无人欣赏的下场，这种想象更不为少数。因此勃发需要胆大心细的品质。 蓄势与勃发从不落单，他们不是孪生兄弟，却形影不离。勃发需要蓄势，蓄势造勃发，识物始终，也不过如此。

议论文段落写作技巧小结

（一）有关“是什么”的段落写作技巧----

1、解读好“关键词”

2、折笔突破：留意别人的观点

（二）有关“为什么”的段落写作技巧---

1、注意观点与材料的圆合

2、用例的方式力求灵活

变“点例”（单举）为“点例”“面例”（多举）结合

变“点例”（单向）为“多例”（对比）

变“平面”为“层递”（由浅入深）

舍“旧例”用“新例”（时代气息可以浓一点）

化“抽象”为“形象”（类比、比喻）

（三）有关“怎么做”的段落写作技巧-----多一点比较意识

（四）有关“我怎样”的段落写作技巧-----多一点真情实感，多一点细节

推荐第8篇：考研英语短文写作十种经典段落框架

2011考研英语短文写作十种经典段落框架

一、图画/图表描述段

【示例一】

①From the picture (graph, chart, table, pie, bar), we know that 图表内容总概括).②On the one hand, the left/first picture tells us that 情况一，图一/表一的内容).③On the other hand, (the right/second)picture informs

us that 情况二，图二/表二的内容).④It can easily be seen that

揭示图画/表寓意).

【示例二】

①As is vividly shown/described/depicted in the cartoon/picture,

图表内容总概括).②In the first picture,

描述图/表一内容,如果是一个表，则可左或上半部分）.③As is shown in the second

drawing/picture, 描述图/表二内容,如果是一个表，则右或下半部分）.④It is safe to draw the conclusion

that 提示寓意,或主题句，回应主题但不是主题句的重复）.

二、意义阐述段

【示例一】

①Judging from the pictures, we can clearly infer that the drawer’s intention

is 主题句）.②

(扩展句).③For one thing/First of all/Firstly,

第一个层面).④For another/Besides/Moreover/In addition/Secondly, 第二个层面).⑤Thus/As a result/Therefore/Finally,

总结句).

【示例二】

①To begin with, the purpose of the drawings is to show us that 主题句），yet the symbolic meanings subtly conveyed should be taken more seriously.

②

(扩展句)is naturally aociated with, to be specific 第一个层面).③Besides/Moreover/In addition,

第二个层面)。④As a result/Therefore,

总结句).

三、原因阐释段

【示例一】

①There are many reasons responsible for this phenomenon/case/instance and the following are the typical ones.

② The first reason is that

理由一).③The second reason is that

理由二).④The third reason is that/A case in point is that/The typical example

is that 理由三).

【示例二】

①There are many reasons to explain/explaining the effect/phenomenon/case/instance.②The most contributing one is/the main reason

is no other than 理由一).③What is more,

理由二).④

(理由三)also play a role in this case.

四、建议措施段

【示例一】

①Considering all these reasons/this situation/Confronted with such a problem, I think we need to take some positive measures.②On the one hand, 方法/建议一).③On the other hand, it is neceary for us to

方法/建议二).④Thus/Only in this way, can

总结自己的观点/建议/态度).

【示例二】

①In order to improve the situation/To sum up the above argument/Confronted with such an iue/problem, we should find several solutions to it/need to take some positive measures.②On the one hand/For one thing, we should

方法/建议一).③On the other hand/For another, 方法/建议二).④Therefore/Thus/Only in this way, can

段落总结句).

五、趋势预测段

【示例一】

①

Accordingly, it is vital for us to derive positive implications from these though-provoking drawings.②On the one hand, we can frequently use them to

enlighten that 主题).③On the other hand, we should be sensible enough to

观点/态度).④Only by

段落总结句), and only in this way can we have a brilliant future.[/u

推荐第9篇：大学英语四六级写作六种功能段落总结

大学英语四六级写作六种功能段落总结模板

六种功能段落的排列组合

1.问题解决型：2010年6月、2010年12月 2.观点对比型（利弊分析）：2011年6月 3.现象阐述型：2009年12月 一：观点对比型作文必背 以2011年6月真题为例

现象描述段：思路：引出话题(时间副词+伴随状语+there be举行/现在进行时 + 具体描述 第一段（2—3句）

(主题)①In contemporary world, it has become a prevalent trend for individuals to ……

Nowadays/Recently/Currently/In recent years, with the rapid development of society/science and technology ,……

……there is an increasing concern on+话题 can increasing number of SB’s are concerning/discuing/paying attention to+话题

②In the meanwhile, an increasing number of people find it convenient and inexpensive…… People’s view on……vary from person to person Different people hold different attitudes toward……this new phenomenon/this newly emerged phenomenon.Attitudes towards……vary from person to person There are different opinions among people as to…… People may have different opinions on……

③Taking a look around, we can find a great many…… 利弊分析段：思路：观点+理由1+理由2+观点2+理由1 第二段（5句）

(利)A number of people favor online shopping.In their eyes, without it, it is impoible for them to……In addition, they argue that……can help them expand their scope of……and enrich…… (弊)Even so, others hold a different view that……carries some risks.Firstly, it calls for time, energy and money to……; however, the quality of……is not always as satisfactory as expected.Besides, what worries many shoppers is that…… ④A host of SB’s insist/hold the idea that……+观点

⑤First and foremost……+理由1(to begin with, initially, first of all) ⑥Moreover,+理由2(Secondly/On second though/Furthermore/what’s more/additionally/in addition ⑦/⑧However, other SB may argue that……+观点=（exports/scholars/profeors+ believe that……+理由解释）

建议总结段：思路：陈述看法+原因解释+结论重申 第三段（3句）

(主题句)As a……, I am convinced that there are various ways in which we can enhance (建议 1)First, it is eential that regulations should be worked out and enforced to regulate

(建议2)Then, we should educate, advocate and encourage our friends, clamates, and acquaintances to……If we try our utmost to do so, the future of……will be promising, hopeful and rosy.我的看法补充 ⑨From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second I cannot entirely agree with the idea that……

In my opinion, it is more advisable to do……rather than…… I sincerely believe that……

Personally, I am standing on positive/negative side of…… As far as I am concerned, I prefer the former/latter idea ⑩This is simply because+理由阐释

11From what I have mentioned above, it is not difficult to come to the conclusion that+重申观点 Taking all these factors into account/consideratont, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that……

Hence/Therefore, we’d better come to the conclusion that…… 二：问题解决型必背范文 以2010年12月真题为例

Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short eay entitled How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.1.目前不少父母为孩子包办一切 2.为了让孩子独立, 父母应该……

两个提纲 三个提纲  三个功能段落 1.目前不少父母为孩子包办一切 2.该现象产生原因

3.为了让孩子独立, 父母应该……

首段现象描述： 1.目前不少父母为孩子包办一切

(主题句)In contemporary society, it has become a trend for many parents to do everything for their kids: food, clothes, tuition, and even marriage.(事实描述)In the meanwhile, an increasing number of children find it difficult or troublesome to live on their own without parents.(举例描述)Taking a look around, we can find a great many parents and children like this. 2.该现象产生原因

(主题句)It is evident that the causes of this phenomenon is diverse.(原因1：家庭)To begin with, the change of family structure is the root cause.(原因1体现)A typical example of this is that in most families, there is only one child who is loved by not only parents, but also grandparents.(原因2)In addition, the incorrect sense of parents’ love constitutes another major cause.(原因2体现)To be specific, as parents, they are convinced that loving means giving children all they want. 万能原因补充

①In addition, social prejudice/ignorance/ emphasis / concern plays a critical role in this matter/iue.

②Furthermore, the related policy being carried out in China (does not) enables ____ to attach importance to _____.

3.为了让孩子独立, 父母应该……

(主题句)There are various ways in which parents can help their teenagers to be independent.(建议1) First, it is suggested that parents should strengthen the awarene of loving children appropriately.(建议2)Then, they should educate, advocate and encourage their kids to deal with their own problems independently in life and study.(展望未来)If all parents can try their utmost to do so, the future of our next generation will be hopeful, promising and rosy. 总结：

现象、原因、建议、危害、利弊分析逻: 一个中心，四个基本点：

以孩子（学生、事件）为中心，以家长（老师、相关人员）、家庭（学校、管理机构）、社会、法规（道德意识）为基本点 三：现象阐述型必备范文 以2009年12月之真题为例

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short eay on the topic of Creating a Green Campus.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1.建设绿色校园很重要（意义段：利）

2.绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境…（现象段：描述） 3.为了建设绿色校园，我们应该…（建议段） Creating a Green Campus 1.建设绿色校园很重要（意义段：利）

The idea of “Green Life” has gained wide popularity among Chinese people, and it is of great significance for universities to build green campuses.Without green environment, it is impoible for college students to have an enjoyable life in the Ivory Tower.In addition, green campus may broaden/consolidate students’ awarene of environmental protection.2.绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境…（现象段：描述） 主题句：In addition to the green environment, green campuses also refer to students’ behaviors or ethics.However, (举例) taking a look around, we can find a great many examples of inappropriate behaviors：(排比) some discard litters everywhere; some students cheat in tests; some waste food on canteens; some are always late for claes; some guys even watch pornographic or violent films in dorms.In fact, it has become a trend for many students to turn a blind eye to their own bad acts.3.为了建设绿色校园，我们应该…（建议段）

(主题句)Accordingly, it is imperative for us to take measures to maintain green campuses.(建议1法规)First, it is eential that regulations should be worked out to ban these negative behaviors.(建议2发动群众)Then, we should educate, advocate and encourage our clamates, friends and acquaintances to refuse all uncivilized acts.(未来展望) If we try our best to do so, the future of our college life will be hopeful, promising and rosy.通顺、连贯、句子结构词多变

1) 句子衔接：and, but, so; however, nonethele 2) 逻辑衔接：起承转合

起：In contemporary society, on many campuses, currently, first, to begin with, first and foremost, first of all 承： Second, Third, Last, Next, Then, finally, meanwhile, in addition, furthermore, besides, in the first /second place, for one thing, for another, last but not the least 转：However, but, on the contrary, On the other hand, yet , although, by contrast, while, whereas, instead, neverthele, otherwise 合：（因此)As a result, Therefore, Thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as consequence, as a result; (总之)：In a word , In short, on the whole, in conclusion, to sum up, in brief, in summary, to conclude, to summarize

推荐第10篇：不容忽视的段落写作训练

不容忽视的段落写作训练

张则桥

（山东省郯城县第一中学，山东 郯城 276100）

一、段落写作训练的价值

在中小学作文教学实践中，笔者发现，许多初学写作者甚至是高中学生，其作文都不同程度地存在着段落凌乱、文章结构松散、文体特征模糊等问题。笔者认为，产生这些问题的重要原因之一在于，教师在作文教学中没有整体的计划性，对学生的写作能力训练缺乏层递性，尤其是对段落的写作训练关注不够。

段落是文章的基本构成单位，是由词句转向篇章的重要环节。一篇文章就是根据思想表达的大小层次连句成段，缀段成篇，最终完成全篇的中心思想的表达任务的。张志公先生曾说：“一段是一篇的具体而微。”“几乎可以断言，能够写好一段，一定能够写好一篇。反之，连一段话都说不利落，一整篇就必然夹缠不清了。”[1]一个人在语段组织方面的基本训练没有过关，就不可能有布局谋篇的坚实基础；纵使在遣词造句的基本训练上花了不少力气，一进入成段、成篇的思想表达，还是不能达到预期的表达目的。

从语文教学尤其是作文教学的实践看，加强段落写作训练是提高学生写作能力的有效途径。第一，从学习运用语言上看，遣词造句是基础，连句成段则是实现从练习造句到快速成篇的关键性步骤。第二，从阅读上看，一段的意思是全篇内涵的有机组成部分。如果看不懂一段的层次、表述的主要意思、运用的方法，那就很难把握全篇的中心意思和写作特色。第三，从写作上看，无论哪种体裁的文章的构成都离不开段，不会写段也就难以成篇。初学写作首先应该练习写段。把一个大的话题或意旨切分成多个既有内在联系又各具独立性的段落来写，既可以增强学生写作的信心，提高练习的效果，又能够使文章结构清晰，脉络分明。第四，从实际应用的价值看，现代社会的信息交流要求高效率快节奏，段的使用频率较高，研究、掌握段，具有实际意义。第五，从教学上看，一段之内，涉及文字、词汇、语法、修辞、逻辑等方面的知识，也涉及中心、选材、结构、表述方法等方面的问题。以段作为语言运用教学的一级单位，优点在于：一是指导方便，详可逐句分析讨论，略可几段综合比较；二是费时较少，段落教学基本上与阅读课、写作课结合进行，不用另占很多课时；三是见效较快，一课之内，讲了就练，或练了再讲，把知识的传授与能力的训练结合进行；四是学生的学习积极性高。

二、段落写作训练的策略

（一）让学生理解段的概念，掌握构段的基本能力

首先，必须为学生搭建“段”的概念框架。一般说来，一个表述完整而意思丰富的段落的构

成大致包括三个部分：（1）起始部分──—概括地提出本段的内容或中心，确定全段涉及的范围或主要意思（常以话题句或中心句的形式出现）；（2）展开部分──—围绕起始部分确定的中心，提供实例、细节或理由，使主要内容充实可信；（3）终结部分──—由展开部分引出一个合乎逻辑的结果，重申主要意思而避免用语雷同，它的作用在于明确、深化段的中心思想。[2]通过搭建“段”的概念框架，使学生明确段的概念，认识段的意义，掌握段的起始、展开、终结的方式与方法，打好由句到段的坚实基础。

其次，创设情境，进行段的写作练习。教师有意识地选择学生在学习生活中感兴趣的事物或问题，用简明而富有启发性的语言巧妙地创设写作情境，把学生带入一个热情饱满、意兴盎然的写作氛围中去，鼓励学生大胆地进行段落写作练习。训练可分为三个步骤：第一步，理解、模仿，也就是学习、模仿例段，学会怎样写；第二步，要求学生独立思考，或者生生之间、师生之间对所写的段落互相评论，做结构和写法上的审视，认识为什么要这样写，写得好不好；第三步，让学生根据一定的表达要求，独立地进行段的写作。

为保证段落训练的生动、丰富和灵活，教师要注意加强段落写作训练的有序性和计划性。可以尝试为学生设计这样一个段落写作计划，要求学生在高

一、高二两年时间内以“日记”或“小作文”的形式，间周一段，与成篇训练穿插完成：[3]（1）写一段话，通过一件小事写出人物的个性；（2）写一段话，写出自己生活中某个瞬间的感受；（3）写一段话，通过联想写出自己对生活的某种认识；（4）写一段话，运用想象描写自然景物；（5）写一段话，描写一处风景，寓情于景；（6）给出一篇记叙文，要求续写一个结尾，让结尾与全文构成反差，出人意料；（7）写一段话，描写一处景观，将大笔勾勒与工笔细描结合起来；（8）写一个表现人物连续动作行为的段落，要求用词贴切；（9）写一段话，针对一则新闻，表明自己的看法和情感；（10）写一段话，用“首先……其次……第三……”的格式支撑论点；（11）写一段话，对某一现象作辩证分析；（12）写一个总分结构的议论段；（13）写一个由现象到本质揭示事理的段落；（14）写一个演绎推理论证的段落；（15）写一个比喻论证的段落；（16）写一个用排比举例论证的段落；（17）写一个用排比抒情的段落；（18）写一段话，由一则新闻引出一个论点；（19）写一个并列式支撑句说明事理的段落；（20）写一个层进式支撑句说明事理的段落；（21）写一个由远及近（或由近及远）介绍建筑物的段落；（22）写一个移步换景介绍事物的段落；（23）写一段话，说明一个事物，在说明中透露作者对这一事物的好恶；（24）写一段话，用“××的自述”的形式介绍一种动物、植物或物品；（25）写一个今人（古人）看待古代（现代）社会的段落；（26）写一段话，用典雅的语言，描写一处古代建筑；（27）写一段话，用热情的语言，描写一次青年聚会；

（28）写一段话，用调侃的语言，描写一次市侩争利的场面……还可以让学生在课外练笔本上设置“人物素描”“我与家庭”“校园故事”“学科随笔”“心灵轨迹”“世事五味”“四季风情”“影视观感”“放眼全球”“美与丑”“乐与悲”“爱与恨”等栏目，随时充实“小段子”，不断积累。

通过清晰、系统的“小段子”写作序列训练，使学生理解和掌握段的基本展开方法，在头脑中建立“言之有序”和“根据事物事理灵活考虑表述方法”的观念，提高段落写作能力。

（二）以名家名篇为例文品析感悟，激发学生的写作兴趣和信心

例文不仅给学生以示范性，还有印证性、拓展性等功效，很受学生欢迎。鲁迅先生说：“凡是已有定评的大作家，他的作品，全部就说明着„该怎么写‟。只是读者很不容易看出，也不能领悟。”[4]于漪老师在总结自己的语文教学经验时也非常强调学习例文对学生写作的重要性，她说：“让学生进行一定数量不同类型范文的篇章结构的剖析，对培养学生有条理地思考问题很有好

处。”[5]在作文教学中，教师应该围绕写作能力训练重点，精心选择有启发指导作用的例文，引导学生主动探究、感悟文章的结构生成特点。

文章的生成具有迁移性的特点，即大多数文章的段与段、层与层之间从生成上讲都是可以迁移的，而在内容上又不是完全重复的，后一段的写作方法在某种程度上可以是前一段写作方法的“照搬”和“借用”，小层次的结构方法可以是大层次结构方法的“照搬”和“重演”。中小学教材中所选的鲁迅、茅盾、朱自清、叶圣陶、冰心、聂华苓、王谷岩等人的许多作品都具有这一特点。

通过引导学生对名家名篇由段落到篇章生成的例文品析感悟，学生逐渐认识到，“段”原来如此重要，作文原来如此“简单”！连名家的文章都是由段“垒”出来的，自己也一样可以做到。在段落写作能力基本形成后，他们自然要超越这个层次向更高层次的写作水平攀升。

（三）使学生的认知结构进一步系统化，提高作文成篇能力

从段落到篇章，既是层次上由少到多，篇幅上由单薄到丰厚，更是内容上逐渐丰富和完善，意旨上逐渐丰满和深刻的过程。在提高学生作文成篇能力的过程中，教师至少要做好以下两个方面的引领。

1．引领学生在作文过程中学会打开写作思路。这主要依靠三个训练：联想想象训练、思维训练和写作意识训练。由此及彼的联想训练、由虚到实的再造想象训练和由无生有的创造想象训练，可以使学生的写作思路迅速生发和打开；思维训练包括正向思维、反向思维、因果思维、多向思维、类比思维等多方面的训练，这些训练可以使学生的认识由现象到本质、由肤浅到深刻、由片面到全面、由静止到发展、由陈旧到新颖、由单一到多元，或者使记叙描写由抽象到具象、由平面到立体、由刻板到生动，使说明准确、全面、条理，化深奥为浅易、化枯燥为生动；写作意识训练主要是指教师引领学生作文要与时代、与现实生活同步律动，引导学生养成自觉关注世界、关注国家、关注社会生活、关注人的需求和发展、以我手写我心的良好的观察习惯、思考习惯和写作习惯。

2．引领学生依据写作思路和文体要求确定组织文章的方法。不同文体往往有不同的结构方法。记叙描写类文章常常以时间、空间，事物、事件的不同分类或感情变化来逐步展开；说明类文章多以说明对象的逻辑分类（例如，总说和分说、重要和次要、事理发展过程、物品生产或制作过程等）来展开；议论类文章则常常紧扣中心论点，按照引论、本论、结论或以总分、并列、对照、层进等方式来结构。总之，教师就是要引导学生在段落写作的基础上，学会运用段落重演、并列、对照、层递等比较容易迁移、容易操作的方法提高作文成篇能力。

综上所述，段落写作对于还处于基础性语言表达能力学习阶段的中小学生的作文训练而言具有实实在在的可操作性意义。它激发了学生的探究欲望和表达欲望，绝大部分学生因此变得有话可说，有话可写，敢于说话，敢于作文，而且还能“言之有物、言之有序、言之有情”。需要强调的是，加强“段落写作训练”，要按照语文课程标准对写作教学的要求，针对学生的实际情况，合理地设置作文训练的序列，有台阶、有梯度，善启善诱，循序渐进，在引导学生“悟法”的同时，要进一步使之夯实生活和思想情感的“底子”，实现写作技能训练和生活积累同步发展。 参考文献：

［1］张志公：《〈段落教学〉序》，《中学语文教学》1987年第5期。

［2］姚德垚：《我和段落教学》，见张彬福编：《北京市中小学优秀教师教育思想与教学艺术评介丛书──—语文卷》，北京教育出版社1999年版，第113～114页。

［3］张国东：《段落训练──—作文训练的轻骑兵》，《语文教学之友》2004年第12期。 ［4］鲁迅：《不应该那么写》，见刘国正、陶伯英编：《中国近现代名家作文论》，文心出版社1992年版，第79页。

［5］于漪：《于漪语文教育论集》，人民教育出版社1996年版，第546页。

第11篇：议论文主体段落写作指导

议论文主体段落写作指导

教学目标：

1、掌握标准主体段的内部组成。

2、学习写观点句和解释句。

3、学习概括事例的基本要求。

4、学习用“假设法”和“因果法”分析事例。教学重点：

1、解释句的四种写法。

2、分析事例的两种方法。

3、当堂写作分析语段。教学难点：

假设分析法和因果分析法的写作方法。 教学时间：1课时 教学过程：

一、导入

1、谈话导入：元旦放假之前，我们进行过一次议论文的写作教学。在那一节课中，我们进行了议论文写作的入门学习。

2、简评上次作文。

上次作文咱们是在学习了议论文三要素和规范式结构的基础上重写了第二次月考的作文题。相比第二次月考，重写的这一次作文在如下方面有所进步：

一、标题大多通顺且明显具有观点性。

二、多数学生文章有明确的论点。

三、文章结构大多比较规范。但是普遍比较肤浅。而一篇优秀的议论文应该具有四个要素。（投影）要做到深刻透辟，就得在主体议论段上做文章。

二、认识主体段

规范结构

首先，我们来认识一下议论文的主体段。这是一个标准的议论文例证段。 （投影）例1坚持就是胜利。（观点句）面对困难和险阻，唯有坚持，勇于永不言弃，才有可能成功。（阐释句）欧立西为了发明一种新药，坚持进行实验，失败了，总结教训再干，一直实验了606次，才获得了成功，制出了以实验次数命名的新药606。（材料句）新药的问世是坚持的结果。假如欧立西仅仅实验一次，失败后就撒手不干了，新药当然不会问世。就是他实验了605次，失败了以后不再坚持，也绝不可能有新药的制成；（分析句）正是因为他坚持到了最后，才获得了最后的胜利。（总结句）

（1）学生默读例段。 （2）指名朗读。

（3）示范分析例段结构。问题预设：本段中心是什么？（解释观点句）第二句与第一句的关系是什么？（阐释句）哪些文字是在举事例？（材料句）事例之后的话是在说什么？（分析句）文段得出的结论是什么？（总结句）

（4）解说：一个标准的议论段﹙麻雀虽小五脏俱全的那种﹚，应该功能俱全，层次清晰，具体说来包括以下五各方面：（1）观点句（一般在段首提出）（2）阐释句（紧跟观点句，力求清晰简洁易懂）（3）材料句（紧接阐释句，举事实论证，叙述讲究简明扼要，选材角度准确）（4）分析句（紧扣主题，结合选材，对事实进行切中肯綮的剖析）（5）结论句（联系实际，适当延伸，回应段首观点句）

三、学习讲观点

1、观点句特点：位置 段首 句式 简洁的陈述句 数量 一句。句末标点 句号

2、练习

（1）常用句式不是固定句式。观点句并没有固定的句式。判别自己写的句子属于不属于观点句时可以在句前加“我认为”“我觉得”试试，通，就是，不通就不是合格的观点句。请判断下列句子是不是合格的观点句。（摘自学生作业）

（2）请为下面事例写一句观点句

司马迁从小就随任太史令的父亲读《春秋》、《尚书》，20岁开始漫长而艰苦的游览、考察，足迹几乎遍及全国各地的名人旧址。接着继承父业，立下志向，要写一部“成一家之言”的史书，大量阅读国家藏书、历史资料。受宫刑后，他想到了死，但他又想到著述没有完成，不应轻于一死，决心“隐忍苟活”以完成自己的宿愿。最终他写成了被誉为“史家之绝唱，无韵之离骚”的《史记》。

答案示例：论点一: 逆境出人才；阐释一般简短。多是多内涵上和因果上作解释：逆境因其充满艰难与困苦而更能考验和磨炼人的精神和意志。或：灾难是真理的第一程。——拜伦。奇迹多是在厄运中出现的。——培根。 阐释句既直到解释观点句的作用，又起来引出材料句的作用。并且，如果观点句文字较多，较具体，也可不用阐释句。

论点二：有志者，事竟成。阐释：远大的志向可以催人奋进，成就人生壮丽的诗篇。或：苏轼云，古之立大事者 不惟有超世之才 亦必有坚忍不拔之志。

四、学习举事例

1、引言：材料句以举事例最为常见且实用。引用事例有两点须注意：

一、事例并非越多越好。

二、事例并非越具体越好。议论文的事例一要具有典型性（真实，具有代表性，能以一当十，具有说服力，能支撑论点。）二要具有概括性。（解释）指望事例来凑字数绝不是明智的想法。

2、牛刀小试：

（1）逆境出人才。逆境因其充满艰难与困苦而更能考验和磨炼人的精神和意志。司马迁从小就随任太史令的父亲读《春秋》、《尚书》，20岁开始漫长而艰苦的游览、考察，足迹几乎遍及全国各地的名人旧址。接着继承父业，立下志向，要写一部“成一家之言”的史书，大量阅读国家藏书、历史资料。受宫刑后，他想到了死，但他又想到著述没有完成，不应轻于一死，决心“隐忍苟活”以完成自己的宿愿。最终他写成了被誉为“史家之绝唱，无韵之离骚”的《史记》。

分析：事例为观点服务。观点为主，事例为宾。思考本事例中直接关乎逆境的内容，关乎成就的内容。 修改：逆境出人才。逆境因其充满艰难与困苦而更能考验和磨炼人的精神和意志。西汉司马迁因替投降匈奴的李陵辩解而被汉武帝处以“宫刑”，身体受到摧残，精神受到折磨，曾经痛不欲生。但为了实现自己的理想，他忍辱负重，经过前后十六年含辛茹苦，用生命写成巨著《史记》。

（2）有志者，事竟成。远大的志向可以催人奋进，成就人生壮丽的诗篇。司马迁从小就随任太史令的父亲读《春秋》、《尚书》，20岁开始漫长而艰苦的游览、考察，足迹几乎遍及全国各地名人旧址。接着继承父业，立下志向，要写一部“成一家之言”的史书，大量阅读国家藏书、历史资料。受宫刑后，他想到了死，但他又想到著述没有完成，不应轻于一死，决心“隐忍苟活”以完成自己的宿愿。最终他写成了被誉为“史家之绝唱，无韵之离骚”的《史记》。

修改：有志者，事竟成。远大的志向可以催人奋进，成就人生壮丽的诗篇。司马迁立下志向，要继承父业，写一部“成一家之言”的史书。他读《春秋》、《尚书》。20岁开始漫长而艰苦的游览、考察，足迹几乎遍及全国各地的名人旧址。之后又大量阅读国家藏书、历史资料。最终写成了被誉为“史家之绝唱，无韵之离骚”的《史记》。

3、要点提示： 概括事例材料要求

要素：人物、事件、结果

要点：不要细节描写 删除无关情节

紧扣观点句，最好点出关键词

三、学习讲道理

1、学会讲理第一招——假设分析法（投影） （1）怎样讲理呢？回看前例。 （投影）例1坚持就是胜利。（观点句）面对困难和险阻，唯有坚持，勇于永不言弃，才有可能成功。（阐释句）欧立西为了发明一种新药，坚持进行实验，失败了，总结教训再干，一直实验了606次，才获得了成功，制出了以实验次数命名的新药606。（材料句）新药的问世是坚持的结果。假如欧立西仅仅实验一次，失败后就撒手不干了，新药当然不会问世。就是他实验了605次，失败了以后不再坚持，也绝不可能有新药的制成；（分析句）正是因为他坚持到了最后，才获得了最后的胜利。（总结句）

师生找出段落中讲道理的句子，分析讲道理的方法。 假设条件

仅仅实验一次，失败后不干了 观点的对立面 推导结果

新药不会问世

事情结果的对立面

假设条件

实验了605次，失败了不再坚持

观点的对立面 推导结果

绝不可能制成新药

事情结果的对立面

原则：围绕论点，寻找对立面。思路：反面假设→ 结果展示→正面强调。

（2）练习假设分析法

山外有山，提醒我们要谦虚。年少时的苏轼曾轻狂地挂出对联“识尽天下字，读尽人间书”。一位老者看后上门请教，苏轼竟被问得哑口无言，终于明白了山外有山，人须谦虚的道理。于是他把门外的对联改为“立志识尽天下字，发愤读尽人间书”。虚心学习，终成一代大师。

如果当初苏轼明白山外有山的道理，那么他就不会那么狂妄；如果苏轼没有遇到那个教导他人应谦虚的老者，也许他已经变成第二个方仲永，而不是一代文豪。

①做人要有意气。②人有意气，才能摧不垮，压不倒，追求不泯，意志不衰。③春晚的舞蹈千手观音动人心弦，领舞者邰丽华却是又聋又哑。但她有意气，手臂练得青肿了，脚底磨出血泡了，她始终坚持练习。最终，她用手指勾勒了人性的美好，用舞姿诠释内心的感觉，感动中国，感动你我。④她如果被儿时的不幸击垮，丧失了意气，没了斗志，就不可能坚持训练，如果她丧失了意气，失去了对人生的憧憬，她现在可能正在家中或福利院中成为一种负担。⑤因此，若无意气，又聋又哑的邰丽华又怎会从不幸的底谷达到艺术的巅峰？

2、因果分析法

（1）认识因果分析法

先请大家比较下面两例，读一读，看哪一段有说服力？

例1：有时候磨难，恰恰能够历练人生，绽放光彩。贝多芬双耳失聪，可他并没有因此而放弃音乐，相反他以顽强的意志与磨难作斗争，“扼住命运的喉咙！”度过了31个没有音乐的年头，而他的许多佳作是在耳聋后写的。贝多芬经历双耳失聪的磨难，为什么还能创造出撼人心灵的交响曲，那是因为他不屈服命运的压打，顽强抗拒厄运，战胜磨难，才谱出了人类的心灵之歌。磨难，是祸，又是福。它对于意志坚强者，只不过是人生路上的一帘风雨，只要勇敢地走过去，前方是另一片蓝天。（投影）

（2）学习因果分析法

原因

不屈服命运的压打，顽强抗拒厄运，战胜磨难

本段论点 结果

创造出撼人心灵的交响曲

事例结果

师：因果分析法就是抓住论据所述的事实，并据此探求形成原因的一种分析方法。一般思路：为什么→是因为。关键：找准因果关系，将原因与观点对应起来，归因要正确。

（3）练习因果分析法

山外有山，提醒我们要谦虚。年少时的苏轼曾轻狂地挂出对联“识尽天下字，读尽人间书”。一位老者看后上门请教，苏轼竟被问得哑口无言，终于明白了山外有山，人须谦虚的道理。于是他把门外的对联改为“立志识尽天下字，发愤读尽人间书”。虚心学习，终成一代大师。

①做人要有意气。②人有意气，才能摧不垮，压不倒，追求不泯，意志不衰。③春晚的舞蹈千手观音动人心弦，领舞者邰丽华却是又聋又哑。但她有意气，手臂练得青肿了，脚底磨出血泡了，她始终坚持练习。最终，她用手指勾勒了人性的美好，用舞姿诠释内心的感觉，感动中国，感动你我。

——《谈意气》

五、课堂小结

规范例证主体段落的写法

观点句：分论点一般是一个简洁的陈述句，要鲜明准确。

举事例：引述事例一般要几句话，内容要围绕分论点，交代人物情况、行动和行动的结果。

讲道理：分析事例要与观点结合起来，常用因果分析法和假设分析法。

六、作业

请以“生活需要微笑”为论点写一个主体段落。

要求 ①要有事实论据

②使用因果分析法或假设分析法对论据进行分析。

第12篇：教案21 段落写作（推荐）

教学笔记

第21讲：段落写作

一、复习提问 段落结构分析

二、新课讲解

第一节 段落简介 1．1段落

段落是构成文章的一组句子。段落必须表达完整的意思：或描写事物（describe something），或争论某事（argue about something），或对某事提出疑问（question something），或要求什么（demand something），或给事物下定义（define something），或驳斥某观点（reject something）。 1．2典型段落的构成

一个典型的段落通常由三部分组成：（1）主题句（the topic sentence）；（2）说明或支持主题的扩展句（ supporting sentences）；（3）结论句（the concluding sentence）（有些段落没有该部分）。 示范段落1-1 We all know that cigarette smoking is a dangerous habit because it causes health problems． Doctors say it can be a direct cause of cancer of the lungs and throat and can also contribute to cancer of other organs． In addition， it can bring about other health problems such as heart and lung diseases． It is clearly identified as one of the chief causes of death in our society． 1．3示范段落分析

这是一个典型的段落，可概括提纲如下：

主题句： We all know that cigarette smoking is a dangerous habit，because it causes health problems．

扩展句： 1． Doctors say it can be a direc cause of cancer of the lungs and throat and can also contribute to cancer of other organs．

2． It can bring about other health problems such as heart and lung diseases． 结论句： It is clearly identified as one of the chief causes of death in our society．

从以上提纲可见，主题句提出了一个问题： What kind of health problems does cigarette smoking cause？随后的两个扩展句回答了这个问题，结论句总结了扩展句并再一次强调主题句。 Exercise 1-1 Directions： Read the following paragraphs and find out the topic sentence，

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the supporting details and the concluding sentence， if there is one．

（1）The need for wildlife protection is greater now than ever before．About a thousand species of animals are in danger of extinction,，and the rate at which they are being destroyed has increased． With mammals， for instance， the rate of extinction is now about one species every year； from A． D． 1 to 1800， the ratewas about one species every fifty years． Everywhere， men are trying o solve the problem of preserving wildlife while caring at the same time for the world’s growing population．

Topic Sentence：____________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Details： 1．________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ 2．_______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Concluding Sentence：________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

（2）The Americans and the British not only speak the same language but also share a large number of social customs．For example， in both America and England， people shake hands when they meet each other for the first time． Also， most English men will open a door for a woman or offer their seat to a woman， and so will most Americans． Promptne is important both in England and in America． That is， if a dinner invitation is for 7 o’clock， the dinner guest either arrives close to that time or calls up to explain his delay． Topic Sentence：________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Details： 1．______________________________________________ __________________________________________________ 2．_______________________________________________________________________________________________________3．________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Concluding Sentence：________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

（3）Birds use many different materials to build nests．Some birds use bits of

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gra． The tailor-bird of Africa and India uses gra to sew leaves together． Other birds find twigs and pebbles useful． Topic Sentence：__________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Details：

1．_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．_______________________________________________________________________________________________________3．____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Concluding Sentence：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

第二节 主题句简介

2．1主题句

作者的首要任务是让读者知道所写段落要谈的是什么，这就是每段的主题句的作用。因此主题句应该阐明段落的主要思想，所有支持主题句的细节和描述都与这一主要思想有关。 2．2主题句的形式

主题句通常有以下三种形式：

1）肯定句（Affirmative Sentence）

Example： The need for wildlife protection is greater now than ever before． 2）反诘句（Rhetorical Sentence）

Example： How do you think people will solve the problem of wildlife protection？

3）不完整句（Fragments）

Example： And the workingman？ 初学者最好使用肯定句作为主题句。 2．3主题句的位置

主题句出现的位置有以下四种情况： 1）段首（At the beginning）

主题句经常居于段首，以便读者浏览主题句就可掌握文章的概要。这个位置适用于写提供信息或解释观点的段落。

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2）段末（At the end）

用推理方法展开段落时，主题句往往位于句末。 3）段中（In the middle）

有时为了使段落多样化，主题句也可以居于段中。 4）隐含（Implied）

有时候，尤其在写叙述性或描写性段落时，当所有的细节都围绕着一个显而易见的主题时可以不用主题句。 Exercise 2-1 Directions： Read the following paragraphs and identify the topic sentence． If it is implied， summarize it yourself．

（1）But no matter what it is called， all polyester has certain good points． It does not wrinkle easily． It dries quickly after it is washed． It holds its shape． It is strong and keeps its colors well．

Topic Sentence：____________________________________________ Position：________________

（2）Black is the colour of mourning． Red symbolizes danger，violence，or bloodshed． If you are afraid， you are yellow． None of these sayings is true outside the English speaking world． In China and Korea， white is the color of mourning． In Ruia red stands for beauty and life． In Italy and Germany you are yellow with anger，not with fear．

Topic Sentence：_____________________________________________ Position：__________________

（3）Our chief source of fresh water is rainfall that collects in lakes，rivers， and reservoirs． Recently， however， we have discovered anew source， aquifers， which are rock formations containing water．Even under deserts， vast aquifers may be waiting to be tapped．Companies drilling for oil in the Middle East have sometimes struck aquifers， which provide unexpected water supplies for arid regions．

Topic Sentence：____________________________________________ Position：_____________

（4）Suppose you’re playing a game． You make a silly mistake and lose． Do you become angry？ Or can you laugh at yourself and hope to do better next time？ Suppose you are at a special dinner．You accidentally spill some food．Why keep worrying about how clumsy you look？Why not laugh it off

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and enjoy yourself anyway？If you can， it’s good sign you\'ve really grown up．

Topic Sentence：____________________________________________ Position：____________

（5）Young men sometimes bring edelwei back for their girlfriends． The girls think of the flowers as a proof of true love．Mountain climbers， guides， and hunters pick edelwei too．They wear it on their hats． To them it is a sign of courage and daring．

Topic Sentence：____________________________________________ Position：____________

第三节 如何写好主题句

3．1关于写主题句的建议 1）要写合乎语法的句子

Example 1： Two causes of the American Civil War．

这个句子是个不完整的句子，不合乎语法，因此不能用作主题句。 Example 2： There were two causes that led to the American Civil War． 重写后的句子合乎语法，是个较好的主题句。 2）要使用限写词限定主题

为了正确表达观点，好的主题句经常使用关键词或词组，即限制词（controllers）限制这一观点。

Example 3： Air travel is more convenient than train for at least three reasons． 从上例主题句我们得知作者将要写“air travel”（ topic），他将要把 “train”（ aspect）和“ air travel”作比较，并且陈述“reasons”。由此可见，作者在“aspect”（方面）和“reason”（原因）两方面限制他的主题。 3）要注意主题的可写性

所定的主题不能太笼统，也不能太具体。 Example 4： In Hemingway\'s story “Soldier’s Home”，Krebs tells his mother that he wants no part of God\'s Kingdom．

这个句子太具体以至于无东西可写，无法展开段落。 Example 5： In Hemingway\'s story “Soldier’s Home”， Kreb is a lonely， cynical veteran．

这个句子可作为主题句，因为可以围绕“lonely，cynical”展开段落。

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三、课后作业

以成功为题按段落格式写一段落

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第13篇：英语美文段落背诵

Youth Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips and supple knees; it is a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination, a vigor of the emotions; it is the freshne of the deep springs of life.

Whether 60 or 16, there is in every human being’s heart the lure of wonder, the unfailing childlike appetite of what’s next and the joy of the game of living.In the center of your heart and my heart there is a wirele station: so long as it receives meages of beauty, hope, cheer, courage and power from men and from the Infinite, so long are you young.------

Risks To laugh is to risk appearing the fool.To weep is to risk appearing sentimental.To reach out for another is to risk involvement.To expose feelings is to risk exposing your true self.To place your ideas and your dreams before a crowd is to risk their lo.To love is to risk not being loved in return.To live is to risk dying.To hope is to risk despair.To try is to risk failure.But risks must be taken, because the greatest hazard in life is to risk nothing.The person, who risks nothing, does nothing, has nothing and is nothing.This person may avoid suffering and sorrow, but cannot learn, feel, change, grow, love, live.Chained by attitudes he is a slave; and forfeited freedom.Only a person who risks is free.

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To every thing there is a season, and a time to every purpose under the heaven: A time to be born, and a time to die; a time to plant, and a time to pluck up that which is planted; A time to kill, and a time to heal; a time to break down, and a time to build up; A time to weep, and a time to laugh; a time to mourn, and a time to dance; A time to cast away stones, and a time to gather stones together; a time to embrace, and a time to refrain from embracing; A time to get, and a time to lose; a time to keep, and a time to cast away; A time to rend, and a time to sew; a time to keep silence, and a time to speak; A time to love, and a time to hate; a time of war, and a time of peace.

－

Ecclesiastes 3:3

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Bleed are the poor in spirit: for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Bleed are they that mourn: for they shall be comforted.Bleed are the meek: for they shall inherit the earth.Bleed are they which do hunger and thirst after

righteousne: for they shall be filled. Bleed are the merciful: for they shall obtain mercy.Bleed are the pure in heart: for they shall see God.Bleed are the peacemakers: for they shall be called the

children of God. Bleed are they which are persecuted for righteousne\' sake: for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Bleed are ye, when men shall revile you, and persecute you, and shall say all manner of evil against you falsely, for my sake. --Matthew 5:3-11 ------

Our Father which art in heaven, Hallowed be thy name.Thy kingdom come, Thy will be done in earth, as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread.And forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors.And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil:

For thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, forever.Amen.

--Matthew 6:9-13 ------

First they came for the communists, and I didn\'t speak out because I wasn\'t a communist.Then they came for the socialists, and I didn\'t speak out because I wasn\'t a socialist.Then they came for the trade unionists, and I didn\'t speak out because I wasn\'t a trade unionist.Then they came for me, and there was no one left to speak for me.

--Martin Niem?ller ------

An Anonymous Poem After a while you learn the subtle difference between holding a hand and chaining a soul, And you learn that love doesn’t mean leaning and company doesn’t mean security,

And you begin to learn that kies aren’t contracts and presents aren’t promises,

And you begin to accept your defeats with your head up and your eyes open, with the grace of an adult, not the grief of a child, And learn to build all your roads on today because tomorrow’s ground is too uncertain for plans.After a while you learn that even sunshine burns if you get too much.So plant your own garden and decorate your own soul, instead of waiting for someone to bring you flowers.And you learn that really can endure…that your really are strong, And you really do have worth.

------

Happine Consists in Love

Who can say in what remotene of time, in what difference of earthly shape, love first comes to us as a stranger in the jungle? We, in our human family, know him through dependence in childhood, through poeion in youth, through sorrow and lo in their season.In childhood we are happy to receive; it is the first opening of love.In youth we take and give, dedicate and poe—rapture and anguish are mingled, until parenthood brings a dedication that, to happy, must ask for no return.All these are new horizons of content, which the lust of holding, the enemy of love, slowly contaminates.Lo, sorrow and separation come, sickne and death; poeion, that tormented us, is nothing in our hands; it vanishes.Love’s elusive enchantment, his ubiquitous presence, again became apparent; and in age we may reach a haven that asking for nothing knows how to enjoy.

------

Mystery We are all still romantics at heart.The romantics give us back our moon, for instance, which science has taken away from us and made into just another airport.Secretly we all want the moon to be what it was before—a mysterious, hypnotic light in the sky.We want love to be mysterious too, as it used to be, and not a set of psycho-therapeutic rules for interpersonal relationships.We crave mystery even as we forge ahead toward the solution of one cosmic mystery after another.

第14篇：英语三级背诵段落

英语三级背诵段落

Unit 1Para 11--12page 4

We had wanted to let him know that no matter how difficult things got in the world, there would always be people who cared about him.We ended up reminding ourselves instead.

For Jimmy, the love with which we sang was a welcome bonus, but mostly he had just wanted to see everyone else happy again.

Just as my father\'s death had changed Jimmy\'s world overnight, September 11th changed our lives; the world we\'d known was gone.

But, as we sang for Jimmy and held each other tight afterward praying for peace around the world, we were reminded that the constant love and support of our friends and family would get us through whatever life might present.The simplicity with which Jimmy had reconciled everything for us should not have been surprising.

There had never been any limitations to what Jimmy\'s love could accomplish.

Unit 2Para 10 page 10

If iron levels are low, talk with a physician to see if the deficiency should be corrected by modifying your diet or by taking supplements.In general, it\'s better to undo the problem by adding more iron-rich foods to the diet, because iron supplements can have serious shortcomings.Supplements may produce a feeling of wanting to throw up, and may be poisonous in some cases.The best sources of iron, and the only sources of the form of iron most readily absorbed by the body, are meat, chicken, and fish.Good sources of other forms of iron include dates, beans, and some leafy green vegetables.

Unit 3Para 14 page 60

Commitment among parents is a key ingredient in the Hyde mixture.For the student to gain admiion, parents also must agree to accept and demonstrate the school\'s philosophies and outlook.The parents agree in writing to meet monthly in one of 20 regional groups, go to a yearly three-day regional retreat, and spend at least three times a year in workshops, discuion groups and seminars at Bath.Parents of Maine students have an attendance rate of 95% in the many seions.Joe and Malcolm Gauld both say children tend to do their utmost when they see their parents making similar efforts.The biggest obstacle for many parents, they say, is to realize their own weaknees.

Unit 4Para 9-10 page 89

Grant Wood instantly rose to fame in 1930 with his painting American Gothic, an

often-copied interpretation of the solemn pride of American farmers.The painting shows a serious-looking man and a woman standing in front of a farmhouse.He was strongly influenced by medieval artists and inspired by the Gothic window of an old farmhouse, but the faces in his composition were what captured the world\'s attention.

Wood liked to paint faces he knew well.For the grave farmer he used his dentist, a sour-looking man.For the woman standing alongside him, the artist chose his sister, Nan.He stretched the models\' necks a bit, but there was no doubt who posed for the portrait.Nan later remarked that the fame she gained from American Gothic saved her from a very boring life.

Unit 6Para 7 Page 148

Although scientists still cannot predict earthquakes, they are learning a great deal about how the large plates in the earth\'s crust move, the strees between plates, how earthquakes work, and the general probability that a given place will have an earthquake.Someday soon it may actually become poible to predict earthquakes with accuracy.However, even if prediction becomes poible, people who live in areas where earthquakes are a common occurrence will still have to do their best to prevent disasters by building structures that are resistant to ground movement and by being personally prepared.These precautions can make a great difference in saving lives and preventing the lo of homes.Education concerning how to survive an earthquake should be a major emphasis for all government programs and earthquake-related research projects.

Unit 9Para 3 Page 229

Prenuptial agreements-or “prenups”-are designed to addre these problems as they arise.Prenups are negotiated by lawyers for the prospective spouses ,and signed before a minister binds then in marriage.They have been gaining in acceptance in the United States since the early 1980s,when more states began paing laws that affected the division of financial aets in a divorce.The laws are based either on “community property”(split evenly) or on “reasonable distribution” (whatever a

judge thinks is “fair”).

第15篇：英语作文优美段落

英语作文

l Enhance Awarene to Guard against Campus Thefts “If you don’t want to wake up and find you have no pants to wear, you’d better put them on in sleep,” goes a popular joke among students.Obviously, campus thefts have become increasingly annoying as they occur far more often than before.And it seems that the thieves are le choosy these days, with their targets ranging widely from bikes, cell phones, purses, pre-paid IC cards to sunglaes, bags, and even underwear.In short, anything that worth a dime is likely to be stolen.What makes students the easy targets? The reasons are not hard to find.But I believe of all these reasons, the lack of anti-theft alertne is the most important one.For lack of alertne, the students tend to leave the doors and windows wide open during sleep at noon or at night in summer.For the same reason, they’ll also leave their bikes unlocked outside a store or by a road, or forget to take away their personal stuff before they go out of the claroom to make a phone call.These acts undoubtedly have increased their exposure to the light-fingered monsters.In order to minimize poible loes, the students must stay on guard in the first place, as awarene of the thefts around often makes a big difference.To be more specific, the students should not hide any tempting amount of cash in the dorm.Put it in the bank instead.Besides, do not leave any valuable items unattended.Take them wherever you go.In addition, it’s advisable to develop a neighbourhood watch programme with other students in the dorm and neighbouring dorms.第一段思路点评：

陈述校园盗窃案件发生的情况 语言点提示：

it seems that此句型表示一种可能性 第二段思路点评： 说明被盗原因 语言点提示：

(1)What makes students the easy targets?此句引出下文 (2)anti-theft alertne防盗意识 (3)lack of alertne缺乏警惕

(4)light-fingered小偷小摸的、惯行扒窃的

第16篇：英语写作

英语作文的考试题型大概可以分为这5个方面：A、阐述主题题型、B、正反观点题型、C、英文信函题型、D、记叙文题型、E、图表题型。

阐述主题型

阐述主题题型作文DIY写作步骤

要求考生从一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行写作。对这类题型，通常分为三个步骤来写： 第一段、总结描述

先用一句话描述当今社会的某种现象或者事物，并且用简单的话扩展说几句： 主题句＋扩展句 第二段、举例说明现象

主题句＋举例1+举例2+举例3 第三段、表明自己的观点并结束全文 在结尾的时候，一定要表明自己的观点。

二、阐述主题题型作文DIY写作范文练习［实战演练］

Directions：For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Pollutions.You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline below:

1、目前污染问题已经成为人们普遍关注的一个问题；

2、造成污染问题的原因；

3、解决办法。

［DIY写作模板：架构阶段］ 第一段：

主题句：________has become a serious problem about which we worry.扩展句：

1、Wherever we turn, we find ________.

2、And this is threatening the survival of the human race.第二段：

主题句：The real problem with _______ is _____.扩展句：

1、It is ____ that _____.

2、It is also _____ that ________.

3、Ironically, it is _______ itself that _____.第三段：

结尾句：We must do something to solve _____.扩展句：

1、First of all,we must let everyone see the imprtance of ____.

2、Then we _____

3、Only when everyone makes a joint-effcet to ____can this problem be solved.［DIY写作模板：填充阶段］ 第一段：

主题句：Pollution has become a serious problem about which we worry.扩展句：

1、Wherever we turn, we find pollution: polluted air, polluted water, polluted food and polluted environment.

2、And this is threatening the survival of the human race.第二段：

主题句：The real problem with pollution is people.扩展句：

1、It is people that throw millons of tons of waters into rivers, lakes and seas.

2、It is also people that destroy biologic balance of nature.

3、Ironically, it is the people themselves that must breathe, eat and drink their own pollutants.第三段：

结尾句：We must do something to solve our environmental problems.扩展句：

1、First of all,we must let everyone see the imprtance of keeping our enviroment clean.

2、Then we make more strict laws to protect our surroundings from being spoiled.

3、Only when everyone makes a joint-effcet to eliminate pollution can this problem be solved.

三、范文

Pollution has become a serious problem about which we worry.Wherever we turn, we find pollution: polluted air, polluted water, polluted food and polluted environment.And this is threatening the survival of the human race.

The real problem with pollution is people.It is people that throw millons of tons of waters into rivers, lakes and seas.It is also people that destroy biologic（生物的 生物学的） balance of nature.Ironically [aiE5rCnikEl]（说反话的 讽刺的）, it is the people themselves that must breathe, eat and drink their own pollutants（污染物质）.We must do something to solve our environmental problems.First of all,we must let everyone see the imprtance of keeping our enviroment clean.Then we make more strict laws to protect our surroundings from being spoiled.Only when everyone makes a joint-effcet to eliminate pollution can this problem be solved.

正反观点题型

要求考生从正反两个方面来论证某一观点，对这类题型，通常分为四个步骤来写： 第一段、文章开头，简单一下事件

第二段、阐述提纲中列举的第一种看法，给出理由或者举例说明： 主题句＋理由/举例1+理由/举例2+理由/举例3 第三段、阐述提纲中列举的第一种看法，给出理由或者举例说明： 主题句＋理由/举例1+理由/举例2+理由/举例3 第四段、表明自己的观点结束全文 在结尾的时候，一定要表明自己的观点。 第二部分、正反观点题型作文DIY写作范文练习［实战演练］

Directions：For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic China Jointing WTO.You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline below:

1、加入WTO给我们带来的好处；

2、加入WTO给我们带来的不利方面；

3、我们该如何做。

［DIY写作模板：架构阶段］ 第一段：文章的开头

开篇句句：________finally succeeded in _____ after many's efforts.扩展句：_____ will influence _____ greatly.第二段：表达正面观点

主题句：____ brings ____ many benefits and opportunities.扩展句：

1、As _____ , ______ can ______.

2、What's more, __________.第三段：表达反面观点

主题句：Every thing has two aspects.扩展句：

1、___ can also bring us some challenges.For example, ______.

2、In addition, it will be more difficult for _____ to _____, as ____.第四段：结尾，表明自己看法

结尾句：However, ____ does more good than harm to ____.扩展句：What we should do is to ______.［DIY写作模板：填充阶段］ 第一段：文章的开头

开篇句句：China finally succeeded in jointing the WTOafter many's efforts.扩展句：This eventwill influencethe economy in Chinagreatly.第二段：表达正面观点

主题句：Jointing the WTO brings China many benefits and opportunities.扩展句：

1、As a member coutry, China can enjoy many rights that can boost the development of the economy in China.

2、What's more, the Chinese people can buy productd of high quality with le pay.第三段：表达反面观点

主题句：Every thing has two aspects.扩展句：

1、Joining the WTO can also bring us some challenges.For example, some producers may be wiped out because of the intense competition.

2、In addition, it will be more difficult forus to get a job, as the requirement for the employees will become higher.第四段：结尾，表明自己看法

结尾句：However, this great event does more good than harm to us.

扩展句：What we should do is to improve ourselves to become qualified for certain positions and live a better life.第三部分、范文

China finally succeeded in jointing the WTO after many's efforts.This event will influence the economy in China greatly.Jointing the WTO brings China many benefits and opportunities.As a member coutry, China can enjoy many rights that can boost the development of the economy in China.What's more, the Chinese people can buy productd of high quality with le pay.Every thing has two aspects.Joining the WTO can also bring us some challenges.For example, some producers may be wiped out because of the intense competition.In addition, it will be more difficult for us to get a job, as the requirement for the employees will become higher.However, this great event does more good than harm to us.What we should do is to improve ourselves to become qualified for certain positions and live a better life.

社会问题(现象)式A．一个社会问题或者现象 B．产生的原因

C．对社会和我们生活的影响 D．如何杜绝。(如果是问题的话) E．前景的预测。

Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental problem.(X has increasingly become a common concern of the public).According to a survey, 调查内容说明这种现象的情况。(或者是一个例子)。 There are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon.下面参照辩论式议论文写法。 X has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated in the following aspects.参照辩论式议论文的写法。 A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm.同上Based on the above discuions, I can easily forecast that more and more people will ……..

对立法开头句型：先引出其他人的不同看法，然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法。适用于有争议性的主题。

When asked about…,the vast/overwhelming majority of people say that….But I think a bit differently.现象法：引出要剖析的现象或者问题然后评论

Recently the iue of the problem(phenomenon) of…has been brought to public attention.观点法：开门见山，直截了当地提出自己对要讨论的问题的看法。

Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginning to realize that…

辩论式议论文

模版1 Some people believe (argue, recognize, think) that 观点1.But other people take an opposite side.They firmly believe that 观点2.As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea.

There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief.First of all, 论据1. More importantly, 论据2. Most important of all, 论据3.

In summary, 总结观点.As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心. 或 From above, we can predict that 预测. 模版2

People hold different views about X.Some people are of the opinion that 观点1, while others point out that 观点2.As far as I am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds more weight. For one thing, 论据1. For another, 论据2.

Last but not the least, 论据3.

To conclude, 总结观点.As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心. 或 From above, we can predict that 预测. 模版3

There is no consensus of opinions among people about X（争论的焦点）。Some people are of the view that 观点1，while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that 观点2。As far as I am concerned, the former/latter notion is preferable in many senses.The reasons are obvious.

First of all, 论据1。

Furthermore, 论据2。

Among all of the supporting evidences, one is the strongest.That is, 论据3。

A natural conclusion from the above discuion is that总结观点。

As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心. 或 From above, we can predict that 预测.

英文信函题型 要求考生根据提纲写一封英文书信，对这类题型，通常分为5个步骤来写： 第一段、文章开头：称呼

第二段、寒暄语句，引出写信的目的：

寒暄句＋主题句（注：寒暄句和主题句可以是同一个句子） 第三段、根据提纲扩展主体段落： 主题句＋扩展句1+扩展句2+扩展句3 第四段、表明自己的观点，并结束书信主体段落 在最后要他谈自己的看法 第五段、寒暄句+落款

第二部分、英文信函题型作文DIY写作范文练习

［实战演练］

Directions：For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topicA Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service Campus.You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline below: 假如你是李明，请你就本学校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应包括：食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，也可以是批评建议，也可以都有。 ［DIY写作模板：架构阶段］ 第一段：称呼 Dear Mr.President, 第二段：引出写信的目的

主题句： This letter comes to you from ____.扩展句： In it, some opinions are put forward for you to reflect upon.第三段：对学校食堂正面的看法

主题句：As you know, _____ .But unfortunately, ______.扩展句：

1、___.(举例)As a result, _____.

2、Besides, ______.

3、And what's more,_____.第四段：对学校食堂负面的看法

主题句：Some people may argue that ____.扩展句：

1、For instance, ____ and ____.

2、But in my opinon, ______.第五段：结尾，表明自己看法

结尾句：To be belief, though a bit diatisfied with _____.扩展句：I do believe that, with the efforts of all people concerned, we can solved the problems there.Thanks.Li Ming ［DIY写作模板：填充阶段］ 第一段：称呼 Dear Mr.President, 第二段：引出写信的目的

主题句： This letter comes to you from one of your students.扩展句： In it, some opinions are put forward for you to reflect upon.第三段：对学校食堂的看法

主题句：As you know,our students are the main customers of the university canteen.But unfortunately, we don't find the service there satisfying sometimes.扩展句：

1、The food is not as nutritious as it should be.(举例)As a result, some of us become thinner and weaker at university.

2、Besides, sometimes the canteen people just bring us steamed bread with their dirty bare hands.

3、And what's more,the fare is also a little higher at university.第四段：别人对食堂看法

主题句：Some people may argue that measures have been taken and things are improving there.扩展句：

1、For instance,Ic cardshave taken the place of money in the canteed, and the attitude of the service people is also changing.

2、But in my opinon, progre is not so quick and thorough.第五段：结尾，表明自己看法

结尾句：To be belief, though a bit diatisfied with the present canteen conditions, 扩展句：I do believe that, with the efforts of all people concerned, we can solved the problems there.Thanks.

第三部分、范文 Dear Mr.President, This letter comes to you from one of your students.In it, some opinions are put forward for you to reflect upon.As you know, our students are the main customers of the university canteen.But unfortunately, we don't find the service there satisfying sometimes.The food is not as nutritious as it should be.As a result, some of us become thinner and weaker at university.Besides, sometimes the canteen people just bring us steamed bread with their dirty bare hands.And what's more, the fare is also a little higher at university.Some people may argue that measures have been taken and things are improving there.For instance, Ic cards have taken the place of money in the canteed, and the attitude of the service people is also changing.But in my opinon, progre is not so quick and thorough.To be belief, though a bit diatisfied with the present canteen conditions,I do believe that, with the efforts of all people concerned, we can solved the problems there.

Thanks.

Your students,

Li Ming

记叙文的题型

要求考生写一篇记叙文，描述事件发生的时间、地点、原因、人物及结果，最后对事件进行简单分析。对这类题型，通常分为三个步骤来写： 第一段、总结描述

交代清楚故事涉及的人物、时间、地点： 主题句

第二段、具体描述

具体描述事件发生的原因、经过和结果 起因＋经过＋结果 第三段、对事件的分析 分析句1+分析句2+分析3 第二部分、记叙文题型作文DIY写作范文练习［实战演练］

Directions：For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic The Day My Clamate Fell Ill.

1、简单描述一下这位同学生病的情况；

2、同学、老师和我是如何帮助他的；

3、人和人之间的这种相互关爱给我的感受是....［DIY写作模板：架构阶段］ 第一段：

开篇句：About _____ O'clock one evening in _______, _____.扩展句：________.(展开描述一下事件) 第二段：

主题句：Without hesitation, _____.It wasn't long before _____.扩展句：

1、One ______.

2、Another _______.

3、Our teacher _______.第三段：

结尾句：Is _______? Who can tell ? But ______.扩展句：

1、When ____ , people showed _____ spirit regardle of ____.

2、This kind of care between persons is the very kind giving, unselfish and pricele devotion or sacrifice.

3、And it is just because of this care that we can have warm families, a happy life and a beautiful world.［DIY写作模板：填充阶段］ 第一段：

开篇句：Aboutnine O'clock one evening inMay, my roommate Li Ming was lying in bed, trembling with cold and having a cough.扩展句：His head was aching so intensely that he kept groaning.His forehead felt very hot.We took his temperature.It was 38.5℃.(展开描述一下事件) 第二段：

主题句：Without hesitation, I dialed "120".It wasn't long before an ambulance arrived.扩展句：

1、One roommate brought a blanket for him.

2、Another supported him in the ambulance.

3、Our teacher insisted on giving him some money.第三段：

结尾句：Ishe a suspedted SARS patient? Who can tell ? Butwedid't retreat.扩展句：

1、Whenthe savage SARS was spreading,people showedfearle spirit regardle of dangers to their own health.

2、This kind of care between persons is the very kind giving, unselfish and pricele devotion or sacrifice.

3、And it is just because of this care that we can have warm families, a happy life and a beautiful world.第三部分、范文

About nine O'clock one evening in May, my roommate Li Ming was lying in bed, trembling with cold and having a cough.His head was aching so intensely that he kept groaning.His forehead felt very hot.We took his temperature.It was 38.5℃.

Without hesitation, I dialed "120".It wasn't long before an ambulance arrived.One roommate brought a blanket for him.Another supported him in the ambulance.Our teacher insisted on giving him some money.Is he a suspedted SARS patient? Who can tell ? But we did't retreat.When the savage SARS was spreading, people showed fearle spirit regardle of dangers to their own health.This kind of care between persons is the very kind giving, unselfish and pricele devotion or sacrifice.And it is just because of this care that we can have warm families, a happy life and a beautiful world.图表式作文模板

It is obvious in the graphic/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes.It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years (as X varies).At the point of X1, Y reaches its peak value of …(多少).What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are … (多少)reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table.First of all, …(第一个原因).More importantly, …(第二个原因).Most important of all, …(第三个原因).From the above discuions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future.The trend described in the graphic/table will continue for quite a long time (if neceary measures are not taken括号里的使用于那些不太好的变化趋势).说明原因型模板

These days we often hear that (1).It is common that (2).Why does such circumstance occur in spite of social protects? For one thing, (3).For another, (4).What is more, since (5),it is natural that (6 ).To solve the problem is not easy at all, but is worth trying.We should do something such as (7) to improve he present situation, and I do believe everything will be better in the future.注释: (1) 提出论题(2) 说明现状(3) 理由一(4) 理由二(5) 理由三(6) 理由三引起的后果(7) 解决方法

相应作文: Pollution of environment

These days we often hear that (our living conditions are getting more and more serious because of the destruction of our environment ).It is common that (many trees and animals are near extinction, and the all-important food chain has been destroyed.).Why does such circumstance occur in spite of social protects? For one thing, (the population of the world is increasing so rapidly that the world has been so crowded.).For another,(the overuse of natural resources has influenced the balance of natural ecology ).What is more, since (the industrial revolution ),it is natural that (a great number of factories have been springing up like mushrooms.The smoke and harmful chemicals released from factories also pollute the environment).To solve the problem is not easy at all, but is worthing.We should do something such as (planting more trees, equipping cars with pollution-control devices and learning to recycling natural resources )to improve the present situation, and I do believe everything will be better in the future.

作文常用模板句

一）段首句

1.关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……

There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____.

2.俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。

There is an old saying______.Its the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.

3.现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……；其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。

Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life.First, ____ Second,____.What makes things worse is that______.

4.现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外（而且）……。

Nowadays, it is common to ______.Many people like ______ because ______.Besides，______.

5.任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。

Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages.

6.关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）……，在他们看来，……

People's opinions about ______ vary from person to person.Some people say that ______.To them,_____.

7.人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。

Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.

8.……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。

______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.

9.……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。

______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.It has 的 brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.

10.根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。很显然……，但是为什么呢？

According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that______while.Obviously, ______, but why?

（二）中间段落句

1.相反，有一些人赞成……，他们相信……，而且，他们认为……。

On the contrary, there are some people in favor of ___.At the same time, they say____.

2.但是，我认为这不是解决……的好方法，比如……。最糟糕的是……。

But I dont think it is a very good way to solve ____.For example，____.Worst of的all，___.

3.……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，（也是）非常重要的。首先，……。而且……，最重要的是……

______is neceary and important to our countrys development and construction.的First，______.Whats more, _____.Most important of all,______.

4.有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先，我们可以……。

There are several measures for us to adopt.First, we can______

5.面临……，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来……。一方面……，另一方面，

Confronted with______, we should take a series of effective measures to______.For one thing，______For another, ______

6.早就应该拿出行动了。比如说……，另外……。所有这些方法肯定

会……。

It is high time that something was done about it.For example._____.In addition.的_____.All these measures will certainly______.

7.为什么……？第一个原因是……；第二个原因是……；第三个原因是……。总的来说，……的主要原因是由于……

Why______? The first reason is that ______.The second reason is ______.The third is的______.For all this, the main cause of ______due to ______.

8.然而，正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样，……也有它的不利的一面，象……。

However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ______also has its own的disadvantages, such as ______.

9.尽管如此，我相信……更有利。

Nonethele, I believe that ______is more advantageous.

10.完全同意……这种观点（陈述），主要理由如下：

I fully agree with the statement that ______ because______.

一、写作步骤要写好一篇英语作文，掌握一定的写作技巧，应把握以下几个步骤：

1．认真审题立意，定文章之灵魂对命题作文必须认真审题，对自由作文必须立好意。文章要有明确的主题，必须具备4个条件：准确、鲜明、深刻、集中。以命题作文"The English teacher I Admire Most"为例,文章的主题是关于记叙我最欣赏的一位英语老师,因而就不能泛泛谈论老师这一职业或自己的几位老师。

2．草拟提纲，打造文章之骨架审好题，立好意后，就要写提纲，打造文章的骨架。文章布局要做好3件事：安排好层次段落，铺设好过渡，处理好开头和结尾。如命题作文中有提示句，还要从提示句的关键词出发，围绕关键词开拓思路，发挥联想，记录下联想到的东西，可以是句子或单词词组，可以是英语或汉语。仍以"The English Teacher I Admire Most"为例，提纲可以这样写：

1）Who is the English teacher I admire most

2)My reasons

3)What can I learn from the teacher

3．写出段落主题句，理文章之脉络一篇短文的段落一般分为引导段、主题段和结尾段。每段的主题句非常重要，是作者思维的起点，切题的准绳，阐述的对象。看到段落主题句，读者大致了解段落要阐述的内容。段落主题句通常是一个语法结构完整、内容概括、用词简洁明了的单句。通常将段落主题句置于段落的开头，可使文章结构更清晰，有说服力。

4．参照提纲，紧扣主题句，完成各段落，充文章之血肉

有了段落主题句后，还需要顺着段落主题句的方向，参照提纲中的思路，从而完成各个段落。引导段要能引起读者的注意和兴趣，为主题段铺路架桥。主题段应围绕文章和该段的主题来展开。展开的方式包括：顺序法、举例法、比较法、对比法、说明法、因果法、推导法、归纳法，和下定义等。可以根据需要任选一种或几种方式。还是以"The English Teacher I Admire Most"为例，主题段中就能用到举例法、说明法、因果法等。

进行这一步骤还需注意三方面问题：

1）确保提纲中段落结构的思路与各段主题句的一致性。只有这样，才能保证所写段落不偏题，不跑题。

2）要综合考虑各个段落的内容安排，避免段落内容的交叉。

3）用好连接词，注意段落间、句子间的连贯性。要做到所写文章层次分明，思路清晰，文字连贯，就需要在句与句之间，段与段之间架起一座座桥梁，而连接词起的正是桥梁作用。

二、增加文采小窍门如果说第

一、二步是对文章的构思，第

三、四步骤则是真正地"写"了，用词是否贴切，文法是否正确，句式是否多变，文采是否有生气，关系到写作者的语言功底和水平，但也有些窍门，以下这几点可以供你参考。

1．在整篇文章中，避免只是用一两个句式，要灵活运用各种句式。如倒装句、强调句、省略句、主从复合句、对比句、分词短语、介词短语等。

2．使用不同长度的句子，通过分句和合句，增强句子的连贯性和表现力。

3．改变句子的开头方式，不要一味以主、谓、宾、状的次序。可以把状语置于句首，或用分词短语等。

4．学会使用过渡词。如：

1）递进：furthermore,moreover,besides,inaddition

2）转折：however,but,neverthele,after all

3）总结：finally,at last,in brief,to conclude

4）强调：really,indeed,certainly,surely,above all

5）对比：in the same way, just as, on the other hand,

5．避免重复使用同一单词或词组。

6．注意运用固定词组、习语、谚语来代替一些词表达意思，以增加文采。

三、把好检查最后一关

1．是否切题分三点看：一是整篇文章内容是否切合文章标题要求；二是段落主题句的内容是否与各段落提示句内容相一致；三是段落内部的内容是否与段落主题句的表达相一致。如果发现任何一个层面不切题，应该尽可能弥补，删除那些多余的或不切题的地方，但切忌动"大手术"。

2．是否连贯检查上下文是否连贯，句子衔接是否自然流畅，检验的标准主要是句子是否通畅，该用连词的地方用了没有，所用的连词是否合适。

3．是否有语法错误主谓是否一致，动词的时态、语态、语气的使用是否正确，词组的搭配是否合乎习惯。还是以"The English Teacher I Admire Most"为例，根据此标题，文章肯定用第一人称"I"写，一般性的描述用现在时，举过去的事例用过去时。

4．是否有大小写、拼写、标点错误，注意卷面整洁要提高写作水平，最根本是要大量实践，必须多读多写，注意博览和精读相结合，甚至可以适当背诵一些名句名篇。另外，还可选些范文，悉心领悟，多加模仿，以逐步达到运用自如。

第17篇：英语写作

语言第一位

四级六级写作重点考查考生的英语表达能力。阅卷老师最重视的是语言，考生最需要提高的也是语言。有的同学以为使用一些高难词汇就能取得高分，其实不然。中英文写作都讲究“平淡如水”、“简洁就是美”、“绚烂之极，归于平淡”。美国作家海明威经常使用小学词汇，但他是诺贝尔文学奖的得主，可见语言的好坏不在词藻的华丽与否，而在于使用得是否得当。中学词汇用好了，完全可以取得各种英语写作考试的满分。当然基础较好的同学，恰当使用高难词汇有助于提高分数。但是不要盲目追求难度，“与其写一个错误的复杂句，不如写一个正确的简单句。”

四、六级写作话题、观点和字数都有严格限制，它只是一个展示你英语书面表达能力的平台。因此，考生应该把构思的时间减到最少，把主要精力放在推敲语言上，力争将语法、拼写、标点等低级错误降至最低，力求用词用句准确恰当，表达地道。这样，即便没有使用高难词汇和句型，也可以保证稳得及格分数。切记作文不是口语，语言永远第一，它决定了得分高下。

阅卷老师在语言方面主要从两个方面进行评判：

1、基本正确

四、六级考生的最大问题不是写得太简单，而是严重错误太多。基础一般的同学即使使用小学或中学词汇和句型，只要使用得基本正确，也可以得到及格分数。考生最常犯的语言错误有三类：语法、拼写、标点。最常犯的语法错误包括：时态、冠词、主谓一致、名词单复数等。

2、丰富多变

基础较好的同学，要想取得

四、六级写作高分，应做到丰富多变。丰富多变体现在词汇和句型两方面。同一词语在一句话、一个段落乃至一篇文章中最好不要重复出现，应尽量使用同、近义词替换（无法替换的关键词除外）。例如：think可以替换为reckon, aume, argue等词。如果想不到同、近义词，可以使用上义词进行替换。此外，句型也应富于变化，不要拘泥于主谓宾句型，可以使用主系表、过去分词和现在分词短语作状语、不定式短语作状语、状语从句等多种句型。

四级作文如果量化成句数，只需写10句左右；六级只需12句左右。全文应以短句为主，长短句相结合。所谓短句是指10个词左右的句子，不能全篇都是

5、6个词的短句。同时，全文应有一定数量的长句，一般15~20词即可，太长则易冗赘。有的同学以为只写长句不写短句，就能取得高分，实际上老师看长句会觉得很累，以为你不会写短句，通常不会给高分。如果一篇中文作文每句都30多个字，定然晦涩难懂，英文也不例外。精炼的短句可以放在段首表示强调；复杂的长句可以进行具体的论证、举例或描述。

高分真经

1、背诵

背诵是提高英语综合能力的法宝，可分为以下5个层次：（1）精彩词汇，（2）精彩句型，（3）精彩句子，（4）万能框架，（5）经典范文。注意句子和句型不一样，精彩句子应作为单词来记忆。背诵前，确保自己已充分理解所有内容。

语言学习有两个关键词——输入（INPUT）和输出（OUTPUT）。听力和阅读属于输入，考生处于被动状态，只需在考场上将听到和看到的东西弄懂。应对这种题目的技巧很多，容易在短期内提高。但口语和写作属于输出，考生必须变被动为主动，这很难在短期内突破。没有大量的输入，很难进行自由输出。

四、六级写作需要在30分钟内完成一篇短文，共计120或150余字，很多同学叫苦不迭。但若将其改为中文作文，大家就会觉得易如反掌。原因何在？俗话说：“熟读唐诗三百首，不会做诗也能吟。”同学们从小到大背诵了大量中文佳作，可以随意组合，自由输出。然而，

在英语学习中，多数同学只沉溺于背单词、抠语法、做阅读，很少有人背诵英文文章。正因为没有大量输入，写作才始终处于“挤牙膏”状态，想一句说一句，说一句翻译一句。

提高英语写作要多读、多背、多写、多改。多读、多背是首要任务，是积累输入的关键。考生应大量积累经典英文句型、表达和范文，平时勤于背诵。

有的同学问我，说自己背过很多英文文章，但上了考场还是大脑一片空白，什么都想不起来。这种情况很常见，主要有两个原因：一是没有进行造句的工作，只是盲目背诵。二是背得不够熟练。学习任何东西都讲究先求质，再求量。大家英语学了很多年，文章看了很多，为什么写作还是学不好？关键是量铺开了，但质没有上去。一篇文章应背到脱口而出的程度，如果还需要过脑子，就证明背得不够熟练。一知半解，背得再多也是徒劳。

2、默写

背完经典范文后，进行默写。然后对照原文纠错，搞清楚错在什么地方。多数同学在写的时候都会犯小错误，如拼写、单复数、大小写等。这些就是你在写作中的弱点，也是阅卷老师最不能容忍的地方。培根说过：“Writing makes an exact man.”（写作使人精确。）只有默写下来你才会发现自己常犯哪些错误。

3、中译英

中译英也是提高写作的好方法。根据范文的中文译文，将其按自己的理解译成英文。译完后，你就会发现自己的翻译和原文有很大差距，这些差距就是取得写作高分的关键。这时，对照范文，看看原作者是怎么写的，思考为什么这么写。同样的一句中文，范文中使用了哪些词汇和句型？你使用了哪些词汇和句型？学习范文使用不同的词汇和句型。通过不断练习，你的写作水平不知不觉就提高了。

4、写作

模仿范文写作新的文章，套用范文的精彩词汇、句型、句子和框架。最初套用时可能比较生硬，但随着不断的积累，组合起来会越来越顺手。

上述的高分策略是提高

四、六级英语写作水平最有效的方法。在练习写作的初始阶段, 可勤查语法书和字典等工具书, 背记常用词和短语, 以扩大词汇量, 拓展知识面。背单词时要深刻理解所背词语的内在含义, 并了解其使用环境。备考时，熟记一些过渡词、句型和范文，并进行仿写。考试时，使用学习过的、熟悉而有把握的词汇和句型，没有把握的句子，尽量采取“回避政策”，切忌自编自造汉语式的英语词组和句型。

第18篇：英语写作

2010年英语四级翻译复习与应试

翻译是一门艺术, 同时又是一种实践。它是对英语综合能力的考查，没有一定的英语基本功，要想在这部分得到高的分数是不可能的。但是，具有了一定的英语基础，并不等于具有较高的翻译能力。因此在学习和复习时掌握一些翻译的基本常识和一些常用方法,针对考试中经常出现的一些语言现象, 仔细分析一些翻译实例, 总结出一些规律性的东西, 再加以必要的练习, 对考生来说是非常必要的，而且在短时间内提高自己在该部分的得分是完全有可能的。

试题与考生应试情况分析

通过考试试题的分析，我们发现英译汉试题中的英文句子大致有以下三个特点：

1.句子较长，其中包括定语从句、状语从句等从属结构，致使句子结构复杂，意思不容易把握。

2.句子虽然不长，但其中包含着较难理解的词、词组或短语，尤其是一些表示抽象意义的词，另外，句子中往往含有比较复杂的语法现象。

3．考查的翻译技巧主要包括: (1)定语从句的译法; (2) 被动语态的处理; (3) 长句的的处理等等。

掌握这些规律为我们复习应考提供了很大的方便，考生可以根据自己的实际情况，多选择一些与上述内容有关的文章，多做一些有关的练习，并结合这类文章的特点，在练习的过程中总结出一些规律性的东西。根据我们的经验, 考生在这部分表现出的主要障碍有以下几个方面:

1．缺乏基本的翻译常识

作为公共英语学习者, 由于客观条件的限制, 他们在英语学习的过程中很少或根本就没有进行过系统的翻译训练, 更缺乏对翻译要求以及翻译过程等一些常识性的东西基本的了解, 因此在考前复习和考试过程中一筹莫展, 无从下手。

2．对于英译汉翻译技巧知之甚少

任何事情都有其内在的规律, 翻译也不例外, 作为考生, 在备考时应掌握一些英译汉过程中经常采用的翻译技巧, 注意体会英语和汉语之间的差异, 同时要特别注意考试中经常考的一些技巧, 并总结其中的翻译规律。

3．划线的部分理解不透

为了增加试题的难度, 试题设计者往往选择那些语法结构错综复杂的部分, 这就要求我们在复习时, 对于翻译练习的句子, 要仔细分析它们的语言结构, 尤其是要注意那些具有分割定语从句等复杂语法现象的句子, 在分析好句子结构并真正理解之后,再动手翻译。

4．语表达不清, 缺乏中文表达能力

英译汉是英语和汉语两种语言之间的转化, 要求汉语准确完整, 符合汉语的表达习惯, 因此, 考生在复习时也应该注意训练自己的汉语表达能力。另外, 考生在使用汉语表达时, 还存在着用词不准, 违反自然科学常识的现象。

5．有些代词翻译得不够明确

语言的使用总是发生在一定的语言环境之中, 在语言的使用过程中, 为了避免重复,往往需要使用一些代词来代替前面所提到的人或物, 在考试的过程中, 考生应该仔细地阅读全文, 找出划线部分中英语代词所指代的人或物,并尽量明确地把它们翻译出来。而且，还要把代词翻成它(们)所代的名词、短语。

英译汉的标准及步骤

英译汉是创造性地运用汉语把英语所表达的思想准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。在英译汉的过程中有两点值得我们特别地注意:

(1) 汉语所要表达的是英语原文的内容, 即句子或文章的意义, 而不是句子结构;

(2) 在翻译过程中, 英语原文的内容要准确而完整地重新表达出来，而不是将两种语言结构进行简单的转换。因此,在做英译汉的题目时, 汉语所表达的意义应与原文保持一致, 而汉语的句子结构只是为这一表达服务, 而不应拘泥于原文。

另外, 应付英译汉考试和一般的从事翻译创作不同, 因为各自有不同的衡量标准, 翻译创作的标准为“信、达、雅”, 而英译汉考试则只要做到“忠实、通顺”即可。要做到忠实原文,就应该掌握好适度原则, 即要把原文的内容准确完整地表达出来, 既不能改变和歪曲,也不能增加或删减。

英译汉的过程包括理解,表达和校核三个阶段,解是表达的前提, 若不能正确地理解原文就谈不上确切的表达, 但理解与表达通常是互相联系, 往返反复的过程, 在进行汉语表达的时候, 又可以进一步加深对原文的理解, 因此, 在英译汉的过程中, 往往需要考生从英语到汉语,再从汉语到英语反复的推敲。

1．理 解

理解阶段的目的在于读懂英语原文, 弄清原文的意思。为了透彻理解原文, 建议考生在复习和应试时采取下列步骤:

（1）通读全文

通读全文的目的在于从整体上把握整篇文章的内容，理解划线的部分与文章其他部分之间的语法与逻辑关系。在段落中要搞清划线的句子和其他句子之间的关系, 特别要弄清代词it, they, them, this, that, these, those other所指代的词或词组。这些词和词组有时在划线的部分就能找到，有时则要到前面有关的句子中去找。

（2）分析划线部分的句子结构。

中国的英语学习者往往具有非常好的英语语法知识，在做翻译试题时也应充分发挥和利用这一优势。从翻译试题来看，划线的部分一般来说句子结构都比较复杂。复杂的句子如果不搞清楚它的语法结构,很难达到正确完整地理解原文的要求。在分析划线的部分的句子结构时，我们要注意首先把句子的主语、谓语和宾语找出来，以便明了句子的骨干结构。在分析句子的骨干结构时还应该注意分析句子成分是否有省略的地方，主句和从句之间的关系是否明确等等。

（3） 理解分析划线部分的含义。

考生不仅要弄清句子中所有实词和虚词的词汇意义, 还要理解全句的整体意义。理解句子的依据除了句子本身之外, 还有该句子所处的具体的语言环境。在此阶段应清楚下列问题:

A.句子中是否含有代词和其他具有指代意义的词, 如果有, 应根据上下文确定它们代的内容是什么;

B.句子中的短语和一些常用的词往往具有多种含义和用法, 那么, 在该句中它们的具体含义是什么;

C.按照你的理解, 该部分的意义是否与全篇文章的内容一致, 有无相互矛盾。总之, 在动手翻译之前, 首先要读懂原文, 不要一上来就急于动手翻译, 这样做往往会出现一种情况:该题快要翻译完了, 猛然又发现自己理解有误,马上就急忙修改, 搞的卷面上一塌糊涂,而且很容易忙中出错, 把本应拿到的分数丢掉了, 这是非常令人可惜的。

2．表达

表达就是译者把自己从英语原文理解的内容用汉语表达出来, 表达的好坏取决于译者对英语原文的理解程度以及汉语的修养水平。理解是表达的基础，表达是理解的结果，但是理解正确并不意味着一定会有正确的表达，许多同学反映，有时对原文理解之后还不知如何用汉语表达，就充分说明了这一点， 因为在表达上还存在许多具体的方法和技巧。关于这些方法和技巧我们将在后面详细论述, 在此我们只是介绍两中基本的翻译方法:直译和

意译。

直译

所谓直译, 就是在译文语言条件许可时, 在译文中既保持原文的内容, 又保持原文的形式。汉语和英语两种语言存在着许多共同之处，许多英语句子的翻译完全可以采取直译的方法, 这样可以获得一举两得之功效, 既保持了原文的结构, 又正确表达了原文的内容。意译

汉语和英语在词汇、句法结构和表达方法上具有很多的差异。当原文的思想内容与译文的表达形式有矛盾不易采用直译的方法处理时, 就应采用意译法, 意译就是不拘泥于原文的形式, 重点在于正确表达原文的内容在具体的翻译过程中, 我们应该采取灵活的方法,不论是直译还是意译, 只要是符合“忠实、通顺”的翻译原则,都是可取的。在这里我们建议考生对结构比较复杂的句子可以先采取直译的方法，然后再对直译得出的结果进行加工润色，在保持原来句子意义的基础上，根据汉语的表达习惯，用既符合原文的意义又符合汉语表达习惯的句子表达出来。

在翻译的过程中, 我们务必注意以下几点: (1) 理解透彻之后再动手表达, 否则表达的果会令人莫名其妙;(2) 切忌在翻译时把汉语和英语对号入座, 逐字逐句的对号入座的结果往是不伦不类; (3) 切忌擅自增减词意,增减意义与翻译技巧中经常提到的增词法与减词法根本就不是一回事。

3．校 核

对原文内容进一步核实以及对译文语言进一步推敲的阶段, 因此, 校核是翻译过程中一个很重要的阶段, 并不是可有可无的, 通过表达之后的校核, 我们可以发现译文中可能存在的一些问题,确保自己理解和表达的内容准确完美。在校核阶段, 一般应注意与下列各项有关的问题: (1人名、地名、日期、方位和数字等; (2) 汉语译文的词与句有无错漏; (3)修改译文中译错

表达不够准确的子、词组或词汇; (4) 有无错别字; (5) 标点符号是否有误。

（I）翻译过程中一些难点的处理

A．抽象名词的译法

所谓抽象名词是指那些表达抽象概念的名词, 如, appropriatene, flexibility,quietude等等。抽象名词的翻译是一个非常复杂的问题, 需要根据上下文来具体地确定这些抽象名词的汉语表达, 很难总结出一些条条框框, 供翻译时使用。但是, 我们应该遵循一个基本的原则,即把抽象意义具体化, 把抽象名词转化为具体名词或含有具体特指性的词。

B．被动语态的译法

英语中被动语态的使用范围极为广泛, 尤其是在科技英语中, 被动语态几乎随处可见, 凡是在不必、不愿说出或不知道主动者的情况下均可使用被动语态, 因此, 掌握被动语态的翻译方法, 对于四六级考试的复习与应考是极为重要的,因为英译汉文章的内容多以科普文章为主。汉语中的被动语态通常通过“把”或“被”等词体现出来, 但它的使用范围远远小于英语中被动语态的使用范围, 因此英语中的被动语态在很多情况下都翻译成主动结构。 对于英语原文的被动结构, 我们一般采取下列的方法:

（1） 翻译成汉语的主动句。英语原文的被动结构翻译成汉语的主动结构又可以进一步分为几种不同的情况。

☆ 英语原文中的主语在译文中仍做主语。在采用此方法时, 我们往往在译文中使用了“加以”, “经过”, “用……来”等词来体现原文中的被动含义。

☆ 将英语原文中的主语翻译为宾语, 同时增补泛指性的词语(人们,大家等)作主语。另外, 下列的结构也可以通过这一手段翻译:

It is aerted that … 有人主张 ……

It is believed that … 有人认为……

It is generally considered that … 大家(一般人)认为 It is well known that … 大家知道(众所周知)…… It will be said … 有人会说…… It was told that … 有人曾经说……

☆ 将英语原文中的by, in, for等做状语的介词短语翻译成译文的主语, 在此情况下, 英语原文中的主语一般被翻译成宾语。☆ 翻译成汉语的无主句。

另外, 下列结构也可以通过这一手段翻译:

It is hoped that … 希望…… It is reported that … 据报道……

It is said that … 据说…… It is supposed that … 据推测……

It must be admitted that … 必须承认……

It must be pointed out that … 必须指出……

It will be seen from this that … 由此可见……

It may be said without fear of exaggeration that … 可以毫不夸张地说……

☆ 翻译成带表语的主动句。

（2） 译成汉语的被动语态。英语中的许多被动句可以翻译成汉语的被动句。常用“被”,“给”, “遭”, “挨”, “为……所”, “使”, “由…”, “受到”等表示。

C． 名词性从句的译法

英语名词性从句包括主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句和同位语从句, 在翻译这类从句时, 大多数可以按照原文的句序翻译成相应的汉语。

D．定语从句的译法

在翻译定语从句时,我们经常采用下列的翻译方法:

☆ 前 置 法

把英语原文的定语从句翻译成带“的”的定语词组, 放置于被修饰的词之前, 将英语原文的复合句翻译成汉语的简单句, 这种方法一般用于比较短的限制性定语从句情况。 一些较短的具有描述性的非限制性定语从句也可采用前置法, 但没有限制性定语从句使用得普遍。

☆ 后 置 法

当定语从句较长时, 如果翻译成前置的定语, 就会不符合汉语的表达习惯, 在这种情况下, 往往把该定语从句翻译成并列的分句, 放置于原来它所修饰的词的后面。另外在处理此类定语从句时, 一般遵循的原则是: 若保留先行词, 则在第二个分句中加以重复, 若省则两个并列分句中均不再保留。当然, 在实际的翻译过程中也有例外。

破解2010年12月英语四级阅读技巧

．快速浏览，瘦身原文

因时间关系，建议考生作文在25分钟内完成，剩余的分钟留给快速阅读。但是，即便如此，对于有的考生而言，时间还是不够，所以考生在浏览全文时，必须考虑瘦身计划，即该仔细阅读的就细细阅读，该略看的就略看，该跳过的就跳过。文中阴影部分可暂时迅速浏览或不看，下划线部分需注意仔细阅读。

2．是非判断，话题述题

为 了方便快速判断，读者可把每一句是非判断分为话题（该句讨论的对象）和述题（对该对象的描述或评析）两部分，那么它的对错或文章已给与否就可直接从话题和述题两部分与原文进行对照判断。

3．句子填空，首当定位

句子填空题的关键在于定位答案所在地，定位之后，要点在于核实空缺部分的语法特征，即该空需要的是名词、动词、形容词还是副词，然后再根据上下文核实时态语态等问题。

4．利用标题，预测内容

在时间较紧的情况下，可直接浏览标题和段落小标题，预测文章的大致内容，然后直接答题

英语四级作文实用佳词妙句三十例

导读：想在四六级考试中写出好文章？那么用词是非常重要的一个环节。词汇使用得当，不仅使文章更生动，也是评分时的加分亮点。以下向各位四六级考生提供考试三十组考试中可频繁使用的优美词汇及例句。考试时用上它们，以替代你现有的普通词汇，可以瞬间点亮平淡无奇的文章。

1、individuals,characters, folks替换(people ,persons)

2、positive, favorable, rosy (美好的)，promising (有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior替换good

3、dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的)替换bad 如果bad做表语，可以有be le impreive替换

eg.An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time paively in their dorms.When it approaches to graduation ,as a result, they find their academic records are le impreive.

4、(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many, if not most)替换many.

注：用many, if not most 一定要小心，many后一定要有词。

Eg.Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea that….同理 用most, if not all ,替换most.

5、a slice of, quiet a few , several替换some

6、harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that)替think (因为是书面语，所以要加that)

7、affair ,busine ,matter 替换thing

8、shared 代 common

9、reap huge fruits 替换get many benefits)

10、for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion

11、Increasing(ly),growing 替换more and more( 注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing.修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.Eg.sth has gained growing popularity.

Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth.

12、little if anything, 或little or nothing替换hardly

13、beneficial, rewarding替换helpful,

14、shopper,client,consumer,purchaser, 替换customer

15、exceedingly,extremely, intensely 替换very

16、hardly neceary, hardly inevitable ...替换 unneceary, avoidable

17、sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb.be interested in

18、capture one\'s attention替换attract one\'s attention.19、facet,demension,sphere代aspect 20、be indicative of ,be suggestive of ,be fearful of代 indicate, suggest ,fear

21、give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换cause.

22、There are several reasons behind sth 替换..reasons for sth

23、desire 替换want.

24、pour attention into 替换pay attention to

25、bear in mind that 替换remember

26、enjoy, poe 替换have(注意proce是过程的意思)

27、interaction替换communication

28、frown on sth替换 be against , disagree with sth

29、to name only a few, as an example替换 for example, for instance

30、next to / virtually impoible,替换nearly / almost impoible

第19篇：英语写作

在写作时，要注意词的丰富性及多样化，我把一些词汇传给你

1.表示“good”时，尽量用这些，如positive, favorable, promising, perfect, pleasurable, excellent, wonderful, outstanding, superb.

2.表示“bad”时，常用这些来代替，如dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, harmful, terrible 3.表示“small”时，常用 little， tiny， diminutive

4.表示“suitable”时，常用 appropriate，proper， fitting， satisfactory

5.表示“dangerous”时，常用 hazardous， unsafe， risky

6.表示“difficult”时，常用 hard, rough, tough, complicated

7.表示“very”时，常用pretty（相当），quite，much， intensely， greatly， extremely， exceedingly， remarkably， highly， strikingly

8.表示“remember”时，常用bear in mind， keep in mind（that）， recall， recollect， remind。。。of sth

9.表示“want”时，常用 desire to do， long for， require for

10.表示“think”时，常用strongly believe（坚信），consider， contemplate， imagine 11.在用reject（拒绝）时，常用refuse， decline， turn down

同时注意对某些词需要讲求标准化，如

在用泛词thing时，常用affair， busine，matter

在用big时，常用huge， great， large， immense， enormous， tremendous

在用walk时，常用pace，strut， stride，stagger，loiter（不是很常见，稍微看看就行。但是前两组尽量记住哦）

一些写作中常用的有用的短语

I.表示“观点”类的：

to my mind in my opinion

from my point of view when it comes to me

personally / personally speaking as far as I’m concerned

II.用于罗列加的信息

Besides In addition,

Furthermore Moreover

What’s more 这些都做“此外”讲。

III.在列举或者是举例子时常用的

For instance

For example

such as

namely

especially/ specially/particularly

for one thing,…for another…

IV.在比较或者对比时常用的

the same as

be similar to

in the same way

be identical with

be different from

in contract to, on the contrary(常用于开头，意为“相反地”)

V．表示转折、相反意义的

除了非常普遍的一些如 however, although, even though, while，despite, in spite of 等等，还有neverthele,其用法相当于but，但用法与but不同的是，在neverthele后面要加逗号.

例如，

There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the law.Neverthele, it is important that we try.我们几乎没有可能改变法律，不过，我们还是会努力争取。

VI.表示加强语气的

more than (注意这个词组的多重含义，①多于，超过，②不仅仅 ③而不是 ④太„„而不能„„)

unquestionably/undoubtedly/ beyond doubt/ out of question/ There is no doubt that 毫无疑问，毋庸置疑地

No wonder that 难怪„„（有时也用There is no wonder that）

VII．用于调节语气的

to some extend 在某种程度上 = to a large degree

IX.表示原因或者结果的

表原因：owing to , thanks to(多亏), for the sake of, due to, result from(由„„引起)

表示结果：as a result from, result in(导致„„)，thus=so=therefore=consequently=henceXI.在总结论时用到的

In a word, in short, in conclusion, in summary, all in all, to sum up, to conclude, come to the conclusion that, arrive at the conclusion that, 主语+conclude that

还有一些表示赞成时，常用agree with, approve of, be for it, go in for, turn up the thumbs, uphold.表示反对时，常用object to, disapprove of, be against, combat, argue against, frown on.

常用于结尾的句子（必须记住的）

1.In a word…

2.In conclusion…

3.In short…

4.In brief…

5.As a result…

6.All in all…

7.From this point of view…

8.There is no doubt that…

9.Therefore, we can find that…

10.Thus, it can be concluded that…

11.As far as I am concerned, it is high time that we put great emphasis on...

12.It is neceary that steps should be taken to…(有必要采取。。。措施)

13.As long as（只要） make joint efforts, a sound（好的） solution is not far away.只要努力，不久就会有好的能解决办法。

14.Taking into account all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that…考虑到这所有的因素，我们可能就„„达成一致。

15.Only in this way can we achieve succe and meet the needs of ourselves as well as the society.只有用这种方法，我们才能取得成功，满足我们和社会的需要。特别注意这句话Only in this way引导的，一定要记得倒装。

使用谚语和名言时常用的句型有：

1.As the famous saying goes …

2.Just as…once said…

3.When we talk of the famous proverb…

4.The well-known proverb…has long been accepted by all of us.我把我积累的一些我觉得比较有用的词组给你吧，这些不是很难，比较实用。 1.from my own point of view 在我看来

2.foster one’s patience 培养某人的耐心

3.on the contrary 正相反

4.on the grounds of 根据，以„„为由

5.abide by 忠于，遵守

6.keep to 坚持（相当于 insist on）

7.be absorbed in 全神贯注于„„

8.acce to 能接近，进入，了解

9.be abundant in 富于，富有，充足

10.in abundance 丰富，充裕

11.in accordance to =according to =in agreement with 依照，依据

12.be acquainted with 了解，熟悉

13.be accustomed to doing sth习惯于

14.once and for all 一劳永逸

15.on the average平均

16.be aware of 意识到

17.on the basis of 根据„„，在„„基础上

18.for the benefit of 为了„„的利益

19.be in charge of = be responsible for 监管，负责（某事）

20.in comparison with =compare with =in contract to 和„„比起来

21.complain to sb.about/of sth 向某人抱怨某事

22.in compliance with=obey to 顺从，遵守，依从

23.be ignorant of 对„„一无所知

24.for a certainly 无疑地

25.in correspondence with 与„„相符；与„„通信

26.try one’s utmost/best to do sth 竭尽全力干某事

27.be vulnerable to 易受„„攻击；易受„„伤害；易受„„影响

28.give rise to 引起，引发

29.strive for 为„„而奋斗

30.bring great pleasure to 给„„带来巨大乐趣

31.in the interest of… 为了„„的利益

32.It’s known/well-known that…=As is known/well-known,加上自己想说的内容„„ 众所周知

33.on earth 究竟，到底

34.on condition that 只要

35.on behalf of 代表

36.on account of 由于=owing to

37.in vain 徒劳，白费力

38.in (the) light of 鉴于，由于

39.be consistent with 与„„一致，符合

40.be relevant to 与„„相关

41.in proportion to 与„„成比例

42.in common 共同的，共有的 have sth in common with sb 与某人有共同之处 43.from time to time 有时，不时

44.for the time being 暂时，眼下

45.for the sake of 为了„„

46.at all costs 不惜一切代价

47.as far as …be concerned 就„„而言

48.as regards 关于，至于

49.in line with 与„„一致，遵循

50.constrain sb to do sth 强迫某人做某事

51.restrain sb from doing sth 阻止某人干某事

52.adapt oneself to doing sth/sth 使„„适用于

53.make a resolve to do sth 决心干某事

54.indulge in doing sth/sth (常用被动语态)沉溺于„„

55.get around to doing sth 处理某事

56.draw up 起草，停止

57.live up to 做到，不辜负„„的期望

58.take off起飞，脱下，拿走

59.reckon on 依靠，指望

60.figure out 想出，弄明白，解决

61.amount to 在数目上达到„„

62.range from…to…(范围) 从„„到„„

63.get acce to 获得

64.make …an integral part of 使„„不可或缺的部分

65.so to speak =in other words 换句话说

66.apart from

in addition to(其后接着加名词，或者是名词性的从句)

in addition,

这三个都是用于开头，意为“此外”，主要用于写作时列举多个方面、情形时所要应用的。

67.aure sb.of sth 向„„保证，使„„确信

68.make an attempt at doing sth =make an attempt to do sth 试图做„„ 69.attribute …to … 把„„归因于

70.conceive of …as… 把„„想象成„„，把„„当做„„，认为„„是„„ 71.take sth into account 把„„考虑在内

72.accuse sb of sth = charge sb.with …= blame sb.for sth 指控，控告 73.attach importance to… 重视„„

74.turn a blind eye to… 对„„视而不见

75.under the banner of 以„„名义

76.on behalf of=stand for 代表

77.to one’s heart’s content 尽情地

78.broaden one’s vision 拓宽视野

79.make up for 弥补

80.gain an advantage over 胜过，优于

81.give rise to 引起，导致

82.bring about 引起，造成

83.keep an eye on 留意，照看

84.take the place of 取代，代替

85.keep in mind 记住

86.keep pace with （与„„）起步并进

87.let alone=not to motion 更不用说，别提了

88.get down to =set about doing sth 着手干某事

89.make a/the difference 有影响，起作用 注意：可以在中间加形容词，如make great difference 起重要作用（在中间不需要加定冠词、不定冠词） 90.may as well 不妨，还不如

91.see to it that 注意，务必，保证

92.an increasing number of… 越开越多的„„

93.be vastly/greatly/quite different from 与„„大相径庭 94.It’s worthwhile to do sth 做某事是值得的

95.It’s (high) time to do

It’s (high) time that ….(后加过去时或者是过去的某种时态) 意为“（的确）到了该干某事的时间了”

第20篇：英语写作

【第一类:图画类】

先把图画研究透，然后着手开始写作。

第一段: 对图画进行描述。〔万能开头句+图画描述句+过渡句+主题句〕

第二段: 阐述图画深层含义。〔常用因果论证法/例证法/下定义法〕

模板:

万能开头:

1.The picture shows that......,

2.From this picture,we can see......

3.As is shown in the picture......

4.As is seen in the picture......

衔接句:

1.As we all know,......

2.As is known to all,......

3.It\'s well known that....

4.In my opinion,....

5.As far as I am concerned,......

6.This sight reminds me of something in my daily life.

结尾句:

1.In conclusion,.....

2.In brief,....

3.On the whole,.....

4.In a word,.....

5.Generally speaking,.....

6.As has been stated......【第二类：图表类】

图表类细分为表格、曲线、柱形图、圆形图。

表格类主要考察对所给出的大量数字数字进行比较。

曲线图主要考察对坐标所显示的数据信息进行分析（主意横纵坐标的单位） 柱形图通过观察柱形高度的差别来判断事物的发展趋势。

圆形图通过观察一个被分成不同切片的圆形来理解所传送的信息。

常用模板：

1 The graph/chart/table above shows that......

2 From the above graph/chart/table,it can be seen that......

3 As is shown in the graph/chart/table that....

4 It has been shown from the above graph/chart/table that.....

表原因的句型：

1 The reason why.....is that....

2 One may think of the change as a result of.....

3 This brings out the important fact that....

4 There are several causes for this significant growth

表结论的句型：

1 There is no doubt that attention must be paid to.....

2 Obviously/Apparently,if we want to....,it is neceary...

3 From what has been discued above,we can drew the conclusion that....【第三类：书信类】

★ 书信类作文中称呼、落款必须顶格写。

★ 结束语要用表示礼节的套语。可用Yours sincerely....,Yours truly....,Yours respectfully....Yours faithfully....

★{ 特别提示}书信类应用文不需要写日期。

★ 常用各类称呼：

Mr.男性 Ms.女性 Dr./Prof.学术界教授 Pres.董事长 总经理 大学校长 会长 Hon.市长 议员 法官

★常用句型：

A 表示感谢

(1) My appreciation to you for your generous help is beyond words.

(2) Words fail me when I want to expre my sincere gratitude to you.

(3) I take this opportunity to show my heartfelt appreciation for thekind aistance you rendered me.

B 期待回信

(1) I am looking forward to your reply/hearing from you soon

(2) I look forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience.

(3) Your prompt attention to my inquiry would be highly appreciated.

C 客套语

一.问候

I haven’t seen you for such a long time.How are you getting along withyour work二.祝贺 I want to congratulate you with all my heart.I warmly congratulate you on what you’ve achieved.

三.致谢

I am most grateful to you for your help.I want to thank you heartily for what you have done.

四.询问

I wonder if you could tell me what to do.I’d be most grateful if I could have your full support.Please could you let me know something about it.

五.邀请

Is there any chance of your coming to have dinner with us at our home?We are wondering if you could come to have dinner with us at our home.

六.接受邀请

I’m delighted to accept your invitation.Thanks for your invitation.I’m certainly looking forward to joiningyou.I haven’t heard from you for ages.How are you doing?

七.拒绝邀请

I’m sincerely sorry that we can’t join your dinner party.I regret to say “no” to your invitation.Thank you for your invitation but unfortunately…

八.抱歉

I do apologize for having kept you waiting.I’m awfully sorry for giving you so much trouble.

九.同情

I’m more than sorry to hear of your illne.I can’t tell you how sad I felt when I heard of…

十.安慰

It was a great shock to hear…I just can’t tell you how saddened I am…

【第四类：口头通知类】

①口头通知一般是由一方向另一方口头传达的通知，叙述表达尽可能口语化，简洁明了，说清意思就行。

②口头通知不用写通知时间和发通知的单位。

③口头通知一开头可有称呼语，具体因通知对象

而异。常用的称呼语有“Comrades and friends”、“Boys and girls”、“Teachers and fellow students”、“Ladies and gentlemen”，也有的不用开头语，直接开始。

④口头通知的一些常用的开头语和结束语

★开头语结束语

1 May I have your attention please?I have an announcement to make.

2 Attention,please? I have something important to tell you.

★结束语

Any questions?

Does everyone understand?

That\'sall.Thankyou.

★正文可用句型

There will be a party/speech/meeting held by...where...when...

Everyone should take.....

Please get there before......

Please wait at...

★★★精选范文，可参考

①Please be quiet, everyone.There\'s something you need to know.As our teacher is ill,we\'re to have reading cla together with the students of Cla Three today.Please take your benches with you to their claroom.The oral cla will be put off until tomorrow.That\'s all.Thank you.

②Attention please, comrades.There is going to be a talk on American Family in the Lecture Hall this afternoon.It\'ll be given by an American profeor _____ Mr.Smith.Those who want to attend please be there at 2∶30 Anyquestion? If no, that\'sall.Thankyou.

③Listen, please, I have something important to tell you.We\'re going to hold a get-together with some foreign students at 7∶00 p.m.on Friday in the Foreign Student\'s Dining Hall.Any one who wants to take part in it, please be there on time.Thank you.

④Ladies and gentlemen, Listen, please.This afternoon we\'re going to visit the Great Wall,the bus will stop at the foot of the Great Wall.Three hours later, we\'ll get together here and back to the hotel.When you go to visit the Great Wall, please take your valuable things with you.And remember to come back to the bus at five o\'clock.Do be there on time.

【第五类：议论文】

★★★常用模板和框架

(1) 不同观点列举型（ 选择型 ）

There is a widespread concern over the iue that __作文题目_____.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think

that _ 观点一________.In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____.So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______.In their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因一_______.On the other hand, ____原因二_____.Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______.It is not only because ________, but also because _________.The more _______, the more ________.

（2）利弊型的议论文

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the iue that)___作文题目______.In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____.Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows.Firstly, ___优点一______.And secondly ___优点二_____.Just As a popular saying goes, \"every coin has two sides\", __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects.To begin with, ___缺点一______.In addition, ____缺点二______.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.

( 3 ) 答题性议论文Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the iue that)__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us.As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem.First of all, __途径一______.In addition, another way contributing to succe of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a number of various ways.But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.

( 4 ) 谚语警句性议论文

It is well know to us that the proverb: \" ___谚语_______\" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means ____谚语的含义_______.The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows.( also theoretically )A case in point is ___例子一______.Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importanceto practice the proverb ____谚语_____.With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____.The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying,

★★★英语作文常用的连接词

1． 并列关系

and, furthermore, more than that, also, likewise, moreover, in addition, what is more, for instance, for example

2． 转折关系

although, however, on the contrary, but, in spite of, neverthele, yet, otherwise, despite

3． 顺序关系

first, second, third, and so on, then, after, before, next

4． 因果关系

as a result, for, thus, because, for this reason, so, therefore, as, since, consequently, on account of

5． 归纳关系

as a result, finally, therefore, accordingly, in short, thus, consequently, in conclusion, so, in brief, in a word

★★★英语文章及结尾常用过渡词

一.文章及段落起始过渡词语

1.To begin with

2.Generally speaking

3.First of all

4.In the first place

二.文章及结尾常用的过渡词语

1.Therefore

2.Thus

3.This way

4.In conclusion

5.To sum up

6.In a word

7.In brief

8.As a matter of fact

三.常见的表示先后顺序的过渡词语

1.First,… Second, … Next, … Finally, …

2.Afterwards, …

3.Meanwhile, …

4.Then, …

5.Firstly,… Secondly, … Eventually, …

6.At last

7.Immediately

8.suddenly

9.soon

四.常见的对称关系的过渡词语

1.For one thing, … for another thing, …

2.On one hand, … on the other hand, …

五.常见的表示因果关系的过渡词语

1.For this reason

2.As a result

3.because of

4.Due to

5.Thanks to

6.Thus

7.In this way

8.Accordingly

9.Therefore

★★★逻辑词

a.表示开场to begin with , in the first place , in general , generally speaking b.表示总结to summarize , to sum up , to conclude , in conclusion , finally c.表示举例a case in point , a good illustration / example of … is …,

d.表示原因because , since , for , the cause of , the reason for , now thate.表示结果as a result , as a consequence , consequently

f.表示比较both , like , likewise , similarly , in common , in the same way

g.表示对照on the contrary , on the other hand , despite , in spite of , howeverh.表示列举first , firstly , in the first place , first of all , to begin with

i.表示强调especially , particularly , certainly , surely , chiefly , actuallyj.表示让步even though , although , in spite of , however , but , yet,title

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