研究生英文论文范文

2022-11-03 来源:其他范文收藏下载本文

推荐第1篇:研究生英文自荐信

Dear Sir / Mi:

Hello! I wish to apply for your company\'s Web site to recruit engineers for network maintenance jobs.I have confidence in line with the requirements of your company.

In July this year, I graduated from Tsinghua University.Master of my profeional development and application of computer, paper is to examine the contents of Linux systems in the network server applications.This is not only made me grasp the network system design and maintenance of the technology, while at the same time I am of today\'s networks have a deep understanding of the development.

In college, I have acce to scholarships, and many published papers.I also served as a squad leader, the party branch secretaries Miion, has a strong ability to organize and coordinate.A strong sense of profeionalism and responsibility to make any team I have been able to face difficulties and challenges.

Internet has promoted the development of the whole world, I would like the Chinese Internet and your company make its own contribution to development.

With the letter with my resume.If the opportunity to interview with you, I would be very grateful.

Sincerely,

推荐第2篇:研究生英文求职信

Dear Madame or Sir

When you read this cover letter, I know I have seen the aurora of hope.Thank you for reading my cover letter during your busy work and giving me a chance to show myself.I learned from the internet that your university wanted to hire an English teacher.I’m interested in this job very much.I’d like to get this job.Now I’d like to introduce myself to you.My name is Yao Yang.I am 25 years old and 175 cm tall.I like swimming, singing and playing basketball in my spare time.I will graduate from English Department of Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University with the master degree, majoring in the English language and literature.Owing to be born in the educational family, I own the good quality,and eager to engage in the education career.Logicality, friendly and actively are three main aspects to modify my characters.I am willing to work hard and have good cooperation with difference people.

My profeional learning has laid a solid foundation of English knowledge and relevant theories; In the meantime, I have good achievements of language study and especially with the Extensive Listening, Extensive Oral English and Ruian.I am confident that the courses studied in university, such as the theory of communication, linguistics, advanced English, Oral Translation, English & American Literature, etc.Contribute effectively to my future work in the field of education.In addition, I am familiar with the teaching theories and skills in China, USA, Ukraine and Ruia.

In addition, I am quite skillful in computer operation, such as WORD, EXCEL and so on.I was a leader of arguer in my department when I studied in HuaiHua College, and did well in any tasks about moot.I took active part in the sports team of my department and got great achievements.Besides, I am quite skillful in guitar playing, singing, and performance arranging.

During my study, I am not only accumulating knowledge, but also putting the knowledge into application.I have participated in lots of practice in my spare time and vocation.Sometimes to be a tutor, sometimes to be an office clerk, and sometimes to be a tourist guide.Therefore, I own numerous experiences.

As known to us all, your university is one of the most prominent universities in this area.Not only depends on your leadership, but also attributes to all of the teachers’ efforts.Now I will graduate from university and I am looking for a suitable field in which will make development all the time.The only principle for me to choose job is that I can make good use of my potential; I believe that I am the best candidate.

I would appreciate an opportunity to have an interview.I am enclosing a brief resume as you requested.If there is further information that you wish in the meantime, please let me know.Because I am still in Ukraine, you can contact my mother in China at Tel: 15807409664.And I can always be reached at TEL:....Looking forward to hearing from you soon and best regards.Thank you very much.

推荐第3篇:研究生英文求职信

这封 中求职者首先搬出了自己的硕士导师,因为他是个知名人士,并且在信里附上他的推荐信。这些都是有效的求职办法。另他还强调自己会2种外语且发表过论文,这种“自我标榜”在 里是很重要的。

Director of Consulting Center

Shanghai Foreign Service Co., Ltd

406 Maoming Mansion, 580 Maoming Rd(S)

Luwan District, Shanghai 20021

Dear Mr.Director,

I am currently working on Master Degree in International Commercial law at Fu Dan University.My supervisor Mr.Liu Mingyu, a well-know profeor of law, tells me that SFSC specializes in recommending qualified personnel to muti-national companies and suggests that I contact you for recommendation.

During the two years of studies at Fu Dan University, I have not only acquired a lot of knowledge of international commercial law, but learned two foreign languages as well -English and Japanese.Moreover, I have published two papers in the university journal on problems that may arise after China\'s entry to WTO.And they have been favorably accepted.

I am enclosing a resume, copies of my published papers, and profeor Liu\'s letter of recommendation.

I sincerely hope you wil introduce me to a famous multi-national company, to which I will dedicate myself.

Truly yours,

Fu Jialin

推荐第4篇:研究生英文求职信

这封求职信中求职者首先搬出了自己的硕士导师,因为他是个知名人士,并且在信里附上他的推荐信。这些都是有效的求职办法。另他还强调自己会2种外语且发表过论文,这种“自我标榜”在求职信里是很重要的。

Director of Consulting Center

Shanghai Foreign Service Co., Ltd

406 Maoming Mansion, 580 Maoming Rd(S)

Luwan District, Shanghai 20021

Dear Mr.Director,

I am currently working on Master Degree in International Commercial law at Fu Dan University.My supervisor Mr.Liu Mingyu, a well-know profeor of law, tells me that SFSC specializes in recommending qualified personnel to muti-national companies and suggests that I contact you for recommendation.

During the two years of studies at Fu Dan University, I have not only acquired a lot of knowledge of international commercial law, but learned two foreign languages as well -English and Japanese.Moreover, I have published two papers in the university journal on problems that may arise after China\'s entry to WTO.And they have been favorably accepted.

I am enclosing a resume, copies of my published papers, and profeor Liu\'s letter of recommendation.

I sincerely hope you wil introduce me to a famous multi-national company, to which I will dedicate myself.

Truly yours,

Fu Jialin

推荐第5篇:研究生英文自我介绍

Good morning, profeors.I am glad to be here for this interview.First of all, let me introduce myself.My name is Wang Yanfei.I have finished my undergraduate education right here, majoring in clinical medicine.

I am a versatile youngster with broad interests, like playing basketball, drawing, singing, especially in spoken English.However, broad interests do not make me perfect in the specific area due to the insufficient knowledge and practice, so I think further study definitely important for me to realize my value.

Since the enrollment of college, I have been interested in medicine.I mean, I love the profeion of doctors very much, and I am determined to be a good doctor.As all know, doctors can ease a patient’s suffering or even save his life.It’s really great.I have been working hard at all the courses and made a solid foundation of knowledge.I have done practice as an intern in the hospital.However, I know there is still a long way to go before I become a qualified doctor.That would be the main reason why I am eager for the further education.

I love school life.I am a member of the Students’ Union and I have joined the Communist Party for there years.All these are good for me.I am said to be helpful and cautious, which are the most important qualities as a doctor.

That’s all.I hope that I have made myself clear.Thank you very much

推荐第6篇:研究生英文自我介绍

Good morning (or afternoon) my respected profeors.

I am lucky to come here for your interview.Now allow me to give a brief self-introduction.I am ***, 23 years old, from Shouguang, a beautiful county.I major in the physics and will finish my undergraduate education in the SNU this June.

Maybe, I am not the best one of all interviewees , but I have something they don’t have.I pride myself as not a noble man, but at least I am a virtuous ,hard-working, honest and talkative man.In daily life, I like watching the news and expreing my own views about the current events.Also I like watching the NBA, but I am not a good player.

For life, I think it is like a blank sheet of paper.Any stain will make it become no longer pure.Therefore, I need time to dilute it.I know clearly that my school life makes it not beautiful.So I took postgraduate exams last year for further study.Although my university results are in a complete me.I make it.On the road of life , I firmly believe that if one don’t lose the courage and confidence , the flower of life will make the world bloom in magnificent colors.

That is all.Thank you for your time.

推荐第7篇:研究生英文自我介绍

Good morning, everyone! I’m L BJ.It is my honor to have an opportunity for this interview.I hope I can make a good performance today.Please let me introduce myself briefly.I am 29 years old and born in Penglai, Shandong province.Penglai is a tourist city, where the myth of 8 immortals croing the sea derivers.I got my master degree from Ocean University of China in 2011 and my major is hydrobiology.I spent most of time on learning and conducting experiments, in my spare time I play basketball, football and do excises.I’ve acquired basic knowledge of my major and mastered some large experimental instruments.With tremendous interest in Ecology, I am eager to get an opportunity for further study in Anhui University.

If I can pa the interview, I will work harder than before.I will read a number of documents.Under the guidance of my tutor, I believe I can publish several SCI articles and obtain doctor’s degree succefully.

Okay, that’s all.Thank you for your attention.

推荐第8篇:研究生英文自我介绍

Good morning / Good afternoon, dear profeors, It’s my great honor to be here today, I really appreciate that you can give me this opportunity.

First of all, please let me introduce myself briefly.My name is XXX , 26 years old.My hometown is Changzhi , a really beautiful city.I\'ve graduated form Jiangnan University,majoring in communication engineering。During four years’study, I gain a lot, not only on specialized knowledge but also scientific way of thinking.

I am an enterprising person.To pursue my dreams, I will keep studying hard all the time.As the saying goes,” early bird catches the worm”, I’m never lazy for anything.I believe that “Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety percent of perspiration”, so I never give up and always keep positive attitude.In my spare time, I have broad interests such as playing football and reading books, especially those science fiction.

I have been working in Huaihai industrial group from 2009.7.During this time,guided by my master ,I have improved my profeional knowledge and practical ability remarkably, mastering LABVIEW, CCS software.Now, I am mainly responsible for the design of the miile control circuit and writing of the corresponding control program.But the knowledge sea is boundle.The more I learn, the more I want to learn.

To competent my job, I choose Control Engineering as my major for further study.I long for the advanced study in control field because I am

interested in it and I know the present profeors are experts in the field.If you give me the opportunity to study, I will make best use of it.

\"The man of honor will strive constantly for self-improvement\".Now I believe I have already owned the ability to accomplish the task alone or with teamwork.I know how to deal with problems no matter in life or study.really look forward to the opportunity.

Thank you very much.

I

推荐第9篇:研究生英文求职信

Dear Mr.Director,

I am currently working on Master Degree in International Commercial law at Fu Dan University.My supervisor Mr.Liu Mingyu, a well-know profeor of law, tells me that SFSC specializes in recommending qualified personnel to muti-national companies and suggests that I contact you for recommendation.

During the two years of studies at Fu Dan University, I have not only acquired a lot of knowledge of international commercial law, but learned two foreign languages as well -English and Japanese.Moreover, I have published two papers in the university journal on problems that may arise after China\'s entry to WTO.And they have been favorably accepted.

I am enclosing a resume, copies of my published papers, and profeor Liu\'s letter of recommendation.

I sincerely hope you wil introduce me to a famous multi-national company, to which I will dedicate myself.

Truly yours,

推荐第10篇:研究生英文自荐信

研究生英文自荐信

研究生英文>自荐信

Dear Sir / Mi:

Hello! I wish to apply for your company\'s Web site to recruit engineers for network maintenance jobs.I have confidence in line with the requirements of your company.

In July this year, I graduated from Tsinghua University.Master of my profeional development and application of computer, paper is to examine the contents of Linux systems in the network server applications.This is not only made me grasp the network system design and maintenance of the technology, while at the same time I am of today\'s networks have a deep understanding of the development.

In college, I have acce to scholarships, and many published papers.I also served as a squad leader, the party branch secretaries Miion, has a strong ability to organize and coordinate.A strong sense of profeionalism and responsibility to make any team I have been able to face difficulties and challenges.

Internet has promoted the development of the whole world, I would like the Chinese Internet and your company make its own contribution to development.

With the letter with my resume.If the opportunity to interview with you, I would be very grateful.

Sincerely,

第11篇:研究生英文自我介绍

good morning, sir ! i am glad to be here for this interview.

first let me introduce myself.my name is lishuai, and my english name is jacky lee.i\'ve finished my undergraduate education in xidian university, majoring in electronic science and technology in the college of technical physics.

i am open-minded, willing and have broad interests like basketball, reading and especially in engineering such as software programming, website design, hardware design.for example, during the past four years, i have accomplished two websites: one is the website of our school, and the other is the website of the doctor forum of china 2007.furthermore, i am interested in c plus plus programming language and have written some application programs.in july in the last year,i finished my graduate project with flying colors,which was a software application about image proce .in addition, i have also finished some projects about embedded system by using mcu when i was a j(转载自第一范文网http://,请保留此标记。)unior.

although i have broad interests in many aspects and grasp the eential knowledge of the major, but i think at present, i can do many things in a superficial level, but not be competent to do things profeionally owing to lack of ample knowledge and ability.so i think further study is still urgent for me to realize self-value.

the major that i hope pursue for my further education is ic design.because i find integrated circuits are playing a more and more important role in our modern society.and nowadays in china, with the recognition by the government, our domestic integrated circuits industry is growing rapidly and that may provide a lot of chances to us.

i plan to concentrate on study and research in this field in my graduate time.and i hope i can form a systematic view of micro electronics and ic design technology and make a solid foundation for future profeion after three years study here.

ok, that’s all.thank you very much.

复试英语自我介绍全文

Hello, my profeors.It’s a fine day today,and i’m very pleased to meet you here.First of all,i’d like to introduce myself to you.My name is ***,my hometown is ***,which is a really beautiful city.Even when i was a young boy,i was very interested in biology science.Every one may have a dream,and i still remember that my dream is to be a biology scientist (just like ZHU KE ZHEN).I liked to make wonders just like,where are we from?Where are we going in the universe?And then i would find the answers in book by myself.Still today i think that interest is the best teacher in one’s whole life (and knowledge comes from practice).

Second, i will introduce my major in the university.My major is Biological Engineering in *** University.It has a great relationship with biology scince.Their relationship can be shown with

an example: Just like a river,biology science,which often finds new discoveries and theories, is at the head of the river.And my major,which lays more stre on practical use, seems to be at the end of it.When both of them interact well enough,the discovries and theories in biology science can be soon turned into products in all of the modern industry.

Four years’ university education gives me a lot of things to learn,a lot of chances to try,and a lot of practices to improve myself.It teaches me not only what to study and how to think,but also to see the importance of practical ability (such as doing expriment as much as poible).In the university life,i have made many good friends.They help me improve my study and research ability, do ererything just like a man,and often give me good example to follow.

Besides what i have introduced myself above,i also have many interests in my spare time.I like playing football,which is an effective way i think to improve my body health,and it can teach me how to join in a group and deal with other people.Drawing and writing is another favor to me.

Above all,i choose the major in order to broad my view in biology scince,and enhance my research ability.I will do my best to join the new group and be good at postgraduate study.

第12篇:研究生论文

中文摘要

时代的进步,社会的发展,使我们的生活发生了天翻地覆的变化,人们的生活环境、生活方式、价值观念等等都随之改变,但是人与人之间的美好情感——爱、关心、理解、体谅,却仍如以前一样被迫切需要,它被需要于社会的每一个角落,如学校、医院、家庭、企业、工厂、车间等等。关心是由关心者和被关心者以及他们之间的关心行为构成的。它与关怀、关注和关爱既有联系又有区别,就形式而言,可以分为对事情的关心和对人的关心。然而,教育世界中的“关心”有它的“个性”,这表现为对学生生命整体的关心,具体为对学生的身体、理性和非理性的关心。教师践行关心需要一定的条件和智慧:教师要转变学生存在观念;教师要借助教育理论学习,形成浓厚的学生问题意识;教师关心学生要“有所为,有所不为”;教师关心学生要促进学生关心品质的形成。

[关键词] 教育;学生存在方式;方法论

Abstract Care is the care and concern from persons as well as their care between behavior. Care, concern and care for not only have connection but also have distinction again already.In the form, it can be divided into about the care and concern for people.However, in the world of education "care" has its" personality", this performance is for students life care, Specific to the student body, the rational and irrational.Teachers' practice of care needs certain conditions and wisdom: teachers should change the concept of teachers to help students; educational theory study, formed a strong student problem consciousne; teachers care for students to "it is somewhat, do not be somewhat"; teachers care for the students to promote student interest in quality formation Key words educational teaching methodology the way of the student’s existence

第一章绪论

一、研究缘起

目前学校教育仍然遵循认知为本的学科教育,关心被置于无足轻重的地位。无论学校、教师、家长,都更为注重孩子的考试成绩、学校班级的升学率、孩子能否进入重点中学与大学等等,所有学校以及家庭的一切工作都是围绕着这些重心展开的。对于孩子真正所需所想所思等心理状况缺少关心,以至于在成长的道路中走入歧途。另一方面,现在的很多孩子,大多数都是独身子女,在家受到亲朋好友的百般呵护,缺少正确的关心,即被溺爱、宠爱,形成了以自我为中心的思想,同时也不懂得关心他人,更加不懂得珍惜其他各种各样的生命体,因此,有必要从小就对学生进行关心教育,使关心在生活中起到作用,培养学生具有关心品质,关心自我他人社会等等。下述的发生在当今我国社会的一些令人震惊的事实,一方面是对上述内容的合理解释及验证,另一方面也引发了我们对“关心”这一问题的深层思考。2001 年发生了震惊全国的金华小学生杀母案,浙江省金华市高二学生徐力,因为母亲总唠叨让他必须考上名牌大学,与母亲产生对立,直至用锤子把母亲活活打死了。2001 年3 月 20 日,汉中市南郑县 3 名初二女生突然服药自杀,其中一人于次日不幸死亡。2005年 7 月,宁夏银川一名 13 岁的学生留下遗言,“我是个差生!我死了可以帮父母节约 10万元!”。 2006 年 12 月 20 日晚,陕西洛川县百益乡 3 名小学生竟因为逃学害怕被家长打骂,喝下农药,两人死亡,另一人经两天抢救,病情暂时稳定。2006 年 12 月 24 日,厦门一所中学高二女生,追求一男生遭拒后,竟跑到该男生家顶楼上,给男生母亲发出诀别短信后,服药欲自杀。2007 年 01 月 17 日,楚天都市报报道,一名初二学生只因逃了一天的课,受到母亲的责骂,与母亲发生争执,偷偷喝下几口农药,所幸喝下的农药较少且抢救及时,已转危为安。1中国青少年研究中心 2005 年 9 月的一项全国性调查显示,约有 9%的中小学生对生活感到绝望,产生过自杀的念头。自杀事件是学生缺少关心的极端反映形式。“现在的孩子脾气怎么这么大?动不动就要死要活的!”其实,在许多父母和教师的眼里,孩子走绝路的选择是难以理解的,他们发出上述的感叹,在一定意义上,说明他们并未真正了解孩子,也没有认真去关心过孩子。

离婚已经成为中国男人和女人自由的选择。随着离婚率的不断上升,也造成了这样一种社会现象:单亲家庭在不断增多,单亲孩子数量骤然上升。在今日中国,单亲家庭以及单亲子女教育,已成为一个不容忽视,值得特别关注的问题。单亲家庭孩子是一个特殊群体。由于特殊家庭环境,形成他们较为特殊的心理状态和行为表现,许多单亲家庭的孩子不能同时得到父母的爱,不能享受正常家庭的完美、和谐和幸福。大量的事实和研究表明,单亲家庭的孩子往往会因为缺少父爱或者母爱而变得心理失衡。他们常常感到孤独、忧虑、失望、自

卑、情绪低沉、性格孤僻。这种心态如果不及时纠正,就会使孩子性格扭曲,心理变态,严重影响其情感、意志和品格的发展,所以他们更需要一份关心,在教学中我们更应该给予他们关心。

青少年犯罪群体的日趋庞大已经成为不争的事实。这不仅是一个影响社会治安的问题,也给青少年自身和家庭带来灾难和不幸,更是一个直接关系到整整一代人的成长和未来国民素质的大问题,这已成为一个迫切需要解决的重大问题。究其原因,有青少年主观方面的原因,也有客观方面的原因,客观原因主要表现在家庭、社会、学校教育方面。学校教育中政治思想教育,道德教育和法制教育不力,片面追求升学率,疏于对学生的教育和管理,学校管理人员和教师缺少对学生长期耐心的了解与关心,特别是对“差生”进行冷落或歧视,或把他们推向社会成为闲散人员,挫伤了他们的上进心,导致他们走上犯罪道路。类似的特殊学生群体还有留守儿童、残疾儿童、民工入学子女、有心理疾病的学生群体等等。

对学生来说,爱是阳光,关心和鼓励学生,可以促使其上进,爱就像一缕阳光,照在他们内心黑暗的世界,让他们感到温暖。上述的一些悲剧说明了什么呢?教育的核心是培养健康价格而不是仅仅传授知识,如果教师在教学过程中只注重知识的传授,忽视对学生情感、品德等方面的培养,学生很难成为一个健全的人。如果父母只关注孩子的学习成绩,只教育孩子与他人竞争,成为一个在社会有金钱、有地位的人,而不懂得关注孩子的交往能力和做人态度,那么,孩子有可能产生非人化倾向。怎样避免孩子的非人化倾向,让孩子成长为健康快乐的人?其答案无疑是:让孩子感觉到父母老师身边的人对他们的关心,让孩子成长为一个有爱心的人。哲学家海德格尔 (M.Heidegger) 对“关心”进行了生存本体意义上的阐释:“关心既是人对其他生命所表现的同情态度,也是人在做任何事情时严肃的考虑。关心是最深刻的渴望,关心是一瞬间的怜悯,关心是人间所有的担心、忧患和苦痛。我们每时每刻都生活在关心之中,它是生命最真实的存在。”5[1]23种种事实和迹象表明,我们的教育需要培养具有关心能力的人,我们的孩子需要我们的关心。可以说,本文选取“关心”这一主题进行研究,是对当今我国的社会和教育凸现的关心问题的一种回应,阐示教育中关心学生在整个教育过程中起着重要的作用,同时以引起教育界同仁的共鸣。

二、概念界定

(一)、关心

关心”一词的英文是“care”,具有留神、用心、照顾、担心和忧虑等意义。[2]“关心”在汉语词典中的解释是把人和事物常放在心上,具有“重视和爱护”的内涵。[3]弗洛姆 (E.Fromm) 认为,关心是爱的重要且首要成分,它蕴含于爱之中,表达了爱者对被爱者生命成长的关注,体现在关爱行为之中。[4]吉利根 (C.Gilligan) 认为,关心是表现在道德

践行过程中的一种不同的声音,它的特点是维持关系、承担责任、避免伤害。内尔•诺丁斯 (N.Noddings) 认为,关心是一种关系性的存在,其最基本的表现形式是两个人之间的一种连接或接触。在两个人中,一方付出关心,另一方接受关心。要使这种关系成为一种关心关系,当事人双方都必须满足某些条件。无论是付出关心的一方还是接受关心的一方,任何一方出了问题,关心关系就会遭到破坏。[1]1-24关心一般通过行为来表达,关心行为就是根据具体情境中的特定个体及其特定需要做出的旨在增进其福祉、有益于其发展的行为存在主义哲学家海德格尔将关心描述为人类的一种存在形式。他认为,“关心既是人对其他生命所表现的同情态度,也是一瞬间的怜悯,关心是人间所有的担心、忧患和苦痛。我们每时每刻都生活在关心之中,它是生命最真实的存在。”诺丁斯吸收了海德格尔的观点,强调关心是一种关系性,关心的关系性“最基本的表现形式是两个人之间的一种连接或接触”。诺丁斯(Nel.Noddings)的关心理论是20世纪80年代新兴的一种德育理论,它在80年代末90年代初开始受到西方世界的重视并逐渐产生影响。迄今为止,她的关心理论的专著已经被翻译成五种语言并被介绍到许多不同的国家,成为西方德育理论的强音。她围绕着“教育学生学会关心”这一主题,对教育整个领域的改革提出了建设性的主张。在此主要对其中的教授关心主题这一观点进行分析,阐述教授关心主题的原因、意义、选择和组织这种主题的方法及所需的教育制度上的改进,并在此基础上对我国的德育进行深入的思考,以期对我国的教育工作有所启发和借鉴。诺丁斯强调关心并非美德。她认为,人们倾向于认为关心是一种美德,一种个人品质。关心是一种心理品质,也是一种道德品质。作为心理品质,关心是个人对人、对事的一种态度;作为道德品质,关心是个人对他人,自我对世界的道德态度;。肯定关心是一种关系与肯定关心是一种品质是内在一致的。从狭义上来讲,正如哲学家海德格尔 (M.Heidegger) 对“关心”进行的阐释:“关心既是人对其他生命所表现的同情态度,也是人在做任何事情时严肃的考虑。关心是最深刻的渴望,关心是一瞬间的怜悯,关心是人间所有的担心、忧患和苦痛。我们每时每刻都生活在关心之中,它是生命最真实的存在。”[1]23可见,关心是生命的本真,对我们生命体的健康成长乃至人类社会的和谐发展至关重要。同样,在教育世界中,关心具有同样的作用和意义。然而,在教育学视野中,关心除了具有一般意义上的“共性”之外,还有其特有的“个性”。寻求和揭示这个“个性”对于教育生活中关心的真正达成起着方法论的启迪。

(二)、教育中的关心

诺丁斯在所著的《学会关心——教育的另一种模式》的前言中写道:我们目前的教育目标并不是培养会关心的人,而是近乎残忍的学术训练。学校对学术成就的强调加深了孩子们对成人们的不满,他们抱怨大人们不关心他们。在任何一个地方都会听到这样的说法:我们

[5]

国家的未来取决于在科学上受到良好训练的新一代;如果我们要保持在国际竞争中的优势,孩子们必须要努力做得更好;我们美国人不能忍受做第二名等等。可是,有谁在真正关心孩子们的生活?有谁在真正关心什么东西对孩子们才是真正重要的?对我们也是真正重要的?学校的首要任务是关心孩子。教育中的关心,实质上,教育促进“人”的成长,就是培养和促进人的生命整体成长。在教育内部世界中,教师对学生的关心就是对学生生命整体的关心,而不仅仅表现对学生生命中某个成分的关心。教师关心了学生,要满足三个前提条件,即教师付出了关心,并有关心的行为,同时学生也确实感受和接受了来自教师的关心行为。否则,教师的真正关心就没有达成。

三、文献综述

内尔•诺丁斯是美国斯坦福大学教育学院和哥伦比亚大学教师进修学院的教授,具有数学和自然科学学士学位,数学专业硕士学位,教育哲学与理论博士学位,并且是美国教育哲学协会和约翰•杜威研究协会前任主席。至 2002 年她独立完成与编著的著作有 14 部之多。其中主要有《关心:女性主义的伦理学和道德教育》(1984)、《妇女与罪恶》(1989)、《学会关心——教育的另一种模式》(1992)、《培养智慧的信仰和反叛》(1993)、《教育哲学》(1995)、《始于家庭:关心与社会政策》(2002)、《培养道德的人:以关心伦理替代人格教育》(2002)、《幸福与教育》(2003)等。从 1984 年《关心:女性主义的伦理学和道德教育》( Caring : A Feminine Approachto Ethics &Moral Education) 的出版开始,内尔•诺丁斯陆续出版了一系列关于关怀伦理学和关心教育思想的著作,系统地论述了她的关怀伦理学和关心教育思想。关心教育思想是以关怀伦理学为基础的,在《学会关心——教育的另一种模式》一书中,她论述了一种新的教育模式,提出了教育的主要目的应该是培养有能力、关心人、爱人也值得人爱的人。她认为要实现这一目的,关心必须主导学校课程,孩子们应该学会如何关心作为物质和精神结合体的自我,如何关心身边的和远在他乡的人,如何关心动物、植物和地球,如何关心人类创造的物质世界,以及如何关心各种学科知识。同时她认为这一教育模式和发展学生智力是没有冲突的,相反这一教育模式是向教育者们提出这样一个挑战:在引导学生探讨最重要问题(爱)的时候,如何促进他们的智力发展。

近年来国内有很多学者对关心的话题进行了研究:如伦理学者肖巍译著《女性主义伦理学》(北京:北京出版社,1999 年版);谢登斌著《后现代主义课程范式聚集》(北京:学苑出版社,2003 年版);(日)佐藤学著,钟启泉译,《学习的快乐——走向对话》(北京;教育科学出版社,2004 年版)。除此之外,还有一些硕士博士学位论文,对诺丁斯关心教育理论进行了详细地论述。如《诺丁斯关心理论的道德教育初探》(赵雪霞,2002 年),详细论述了诺丁斯关心教育理论的内涵之外,提出了建构以学校为中心的大德育网络,加强学校家庭和

社会的合作;切实提高德育的地位,正确处理德育和智育的关系;加强道德情感教育;要认识到教学生学会关心仅仅靠学校的努力是不够的,它需要学校、家庭和社区的合作;教学生学会关心不仅是德育教师、班主任和辅导员的任务,它是全校所有教育工作者不可推卸的责任。《关心学派道德教育思想述评》(张洪高,2004 年)详细论述了诺丁斯关心教育理论的内涵之外,提出了虽然新课程改革中也注重在其他各育中渗透德育思想,但这种课程设置无疑会使道德教育的效果大打折扣,所以我国的课程设置也可以借鉴诺丁斯的课程思想把德育与其他各育有机地融合起来,将教学过程的重点由教书转至育人,从而培养出“关心型”的学生。《内尔•诺丁斯关心教育理论述评与启示》(侯晶晶,2004 年)对诺丁斯关心教育理论进行了论述,其论文让大家耳目一新的内容是:论述了我国关心教育的特点、问题,针对中国普通教育与特殊教育的关心性问题进行了研究,并提出了建设性的意见。她认为我国家庭教育中的关心问题有民工等贫困家庭中儿童忽视问题、精英家庭中儿童忽视问题;学校中的关心教育问题有学科教育中灌输、训练和标准化有余,差异性和关心性不足,以及教师所受关心不足。中国教育报 刘权贵和周先进先生写教育学中的“关心”意蕴尤其阐明了关心对于我们生命个体的健康成长、对于人与社会、人与自然的和谐发展至关重要,它的价值和意义深远。教师践行关心需要一定的条件和智慧:教师要转变学生存在观念;教师要借助教育理论学习,形成浓厚的学生问题意识;教师关心学生要“有所为,有所不为”;教师关心学生要促进学生关心品质的形成。

通过文献和理论学习研究了内尔•诺丁斯“关心教育思想”的独特含义、领域和组成部分等,通过广泛地阅读西方教育理论和心理学著作以及关心在教育中的重要作用,及现行教育政策的深入分析,为试论教育中的“关心” 做了坚实的铺垫的工作。

在该论文的研究中我拿所在学校的教学班作为实验和应用的对象,我采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、在课堂上我用了实验教学法、比较研究法等研究方法对教育中的关心开展了研究。有更深远的意义,关心是教育工作者在教育中不可缺失的环节,是学生形成正常心理的必要前提,让教育工作者有了更清醒的认识,学生有了更正确的人生方向。

本人对关心该话题有了深刻的理解,总结为事实上,关心的内涵是极其复杂和丰富的。对于人和事物,关心的内涵不是等同的,有时甚至互相矛盾、彼此冲突。关心是由很多环节组成的。首先,关心的达成必然离不开关心者和被关心者。没有关心者,关心的行为自然而然不能成立。同样,没有被关心者,关心者就会没有指向物,关心行为就会成为虚幻之物。关心者一般是指人,是与人、社会和自然发生关系的人。被关心者是指人和事物。其次,关心的构成离不开关心者与被关心者之间的关心行为。这种关心行为是关心形成的一个十分重要的前提和条件。缺失其中任何环节,都不能形成关心。关心的形式也是关心内涵的重要内

容,它由人对事物的关心和对人的关心两部分组成。人对事物的关心,是指人对事物“现状”的忧虑、担心,并付诸行为,期望事物的“现状”朝着“善”的方向发展,并最终为人的自由、幸福的获得提供支持。人对人的关心,是对人的存在问题表现出忧虑和担心,并以一定行为方式作用于被关心者,使被关心者慢慢摆脱困境或问题。人对人的关心可以指向人的某一个方面,也可以指向多个方面。同时,关心与关怀、关注和关爱既有联系又有区别。关怀是指人对人之间的关心,是指向于人的,一般体现为长者对后辈、强者对弱者、上级对下级的关心。所以,从这个角度来看,关怀可以是关心。而关心可以是不平等的姿态,但更多的是一种平等姿态,它可以指向人,也可以指向物。关注意味着人对某人或某事的注意,是人的一种心理态度。它对人或事物而言,没有实质上的行为,只是人的心理状态。我们可以关注任何事,与我们有关的或者无关的,凡是感官注意到了,并且附加一定的心理能量就可以成为关注的范围,而关心的范围相对关注来说要小。关爱与关心十分相似,它们的区别主要体现在感情程度上的不同,关爱的感情程度更深。

第二章教育中关心的个性

关心在教育外部世界和教育内部世界具有不吻合性。在教育外部世界,人对人的关心可以指向人的某个方面或某些方面,甚至人的全部。但在教育内部世界,关心除具有“共性”之外,还有它的“个性”,这是由教育世界性质和使命所决定的。众所周知,教育是培养人的活动,其一切工作都是围绕“人”这个前提来进行的。不管是“社会本位”的教育体制,还是“个人本位”的教育体制,其逻辑起点都是从“人”开始。什么是“人”?从某种程度上说,人的本质就是人的生命。因此,可以说教育促进“人”的成长,就是培养和促进人的生命成长。在教育世界中,教师对学生的关心不是一般意义上的关心,不是停留于学生生命体的某个方面或某些方面,而是对学生生命整体存在状态的审视、忧虑和行动。这种关心是教师教育智慧的表达,是教师用睿智的眼光透视学生生命存在的问题,并主动采取智慧的行为,帮助学生克服困难,促进学生生命整体发展。在教育学中,关心是指向学生生命整体的,那么学生生命整体又指什么?这要对生命整体作出具体诠释。千百年来,“生命”构成学说,可谓众说纷纭、莫衷一是。但总体来说,“身心统一说“理性与非理性 (认知与情感) 统一说”“物质与精神统一说”“自然生命、精神生命和社会生命统一说”以及“自然生命和价值生命统一说”是经典的观点。[6]毋庸置疑,这些关于生命构成的看法都具有一定的代表性和合理性,能够部分反映生命的整体性和统一性,比较为人们所接受。但是,它们的表述和内容却过于宽泛和模糊。笔者认为,在这些观点中,“身心统一说”最令人信服。然而,在该学说中,“心”具体是什么,却表现得模糊、不确定。心理学有关理论揭示,人的“心”主要是心理,它往往是由理性和非理性两种核心成分构成。理性主要表现为知识、技能、逻辑判断、思辨

能力、反思、批判和创新能力等;非理性则主要是指情感、兴趣、好奇心、爱好与态度等。基于这种认识,我们可以把学生生命整体阐释为身体、理性和非理性的有机统一。相应地,关心学生生命整体,也就是关心学生的身体、理性和非理性。依此逻辑,教育学中关心的“个性”得以彰显。

一、教育中的关心指向学生的身体

在教育过程中,学生身体的涉入是前提。没有舒适与健康的身体作为保障,学生的学习进步和全面发展将难以实现。学生的身体除了校外环境给予关注和呵护之外,学校教育更应该承担起促使它健康成长的责任和使命,而不是忽视和规训。防范“身体”的教育教学,其性质上必然是片面的、异化的,不利于学生的全面发展与社会的和谐进步。然而,自从制度化教育以来,教育通常是忽视身体的教育,教育学也常常是忽视身体的教育学,不仅如此,它还无意识中处处暴露出对身体的控制、敌意甚至是摧残,似乎教育只能是知识教育,教育学只能是“知识教育学”,而不是身体教育和“身体教育学”[8]对此,关心作为对学生生命整体的关照,就必然要对学生的身体进行关心。举例说明,现在的教育制度下,各个小,中学,都减少了很多课外活动,只是有节体育课,每天是捧着书本写呀写呀,缺少了好多个性,缺少了好多灵活,身体素质上明显减弱,教育学中的关心指向学生的身体,我们最为教育工作者应在身体上关心学生,采取一定的措施和手段加强学生的身体素质。在课堂教学中,当发现学生身体的“舒展”受到控制时,教师要主动反思自己教学思想与行为乃至整个教学环境,追问为什么学生的身体成长受到限制。正是这种反思和追问,推动教师去改变自己原有的那些阻碍学生身体成长的教学思想,并寻求有利于学生身体成长的教学思想,用它指导教学实践,真正地使学生身体走向健康发展之路。

二、教育中的关心指向学生的理性

理性是人的素质的基本表现,也是人进行任何活动的基本前提,更是人的生命的重要组成部分。因此,追求理性、获得理性是人天生的本能。然而,理性并不是天赋的,而是人在社会化过程中形成的,尤其是教育活动对人的理性形成和发展起着关键作用。虽然学生的理性成长十分重要,我们的教育在表面上也很重视对它的培育,并产生了一定的效果,但实际上教育却敷衍了学生的理性进步。长期以来,“基础知识、基本技能”是我国教育实践中重要的“思想路线”。应该说,这种教育追求是合理的,有利于学生的理性进步。然而,由于我国教育对知识的认识受到“客观主义知识观”的桎梏,导致灌输式教学盛行,大部分教师认为教学就是让学生无条件地接受“法定知识”,学生的成败主要以“法定知识”掌握的多少为权衡标准。这种教学方式无意中扼杀了学生的反思、批判和创新的精神。对此,在教育过程中,教师要真正关心学生的理性成长,也就是关心学生是否学到了更多的“活知识”,是否形成对

现象和事物的反思、批判和创新的精神。关心身边的人、陌生人和远方之人。关心身边的人,即关心生活圈内之人,这是关心自我的扩展,是持续时间较长的关心关系。一个人学会关心他人,首先要做到关心身边的人,然后才有可能延伸到关心陌生人和远方的人,所以,教师要引导学生,从被关心者的感受出发,逐渐与其它的人发展出关心的关系。关心陌生人和远方之人不是一件容易的事,会面临很多困难,它是关心自我陌生人和远方之人的进一步延伸。关心动植物、地球。人类与动植物相互依赖。我们生活的质量取决于养育人类和其他生命的自然环境。对动植物的关心不仅可增进园艺的知识,更可能涉及不同的文化、风土、饮食习惯等知识。从动物、植物到没有生命的土壤、水文、自然,鼓舞学生关心地球、关心自然生态,从环境中真实的回应出发,正是道德生活的源头。关心知识。诺丁斯认为每一个学生都有自己独特的学习兴趣,我们应该尊重学生的学习兴趣,他们可以选择他们自己感兴趣的课程内容,学习自己感兴趣的知识内容,没有必要要求所有的学生学习同一学习内容,我们可以建议所有人都学某一种知识,可以邀请,但是没有理由强迫任何人。我们的目的是为了不同的学生提供因人而异的尽可能好的教育。要根据每一个学生的学习兴趣,提供不同的学习内容,一个学生如果喜欢文学艺术,我们就不必强迫他去学好几何代数, 在对知识的关心中,在其中也可以发现全神贯注和设身处地,学习者感兴趣于被学习的知识,促进学习者的发展,反过来,学习者又丰富更新被学习的知识。

三、教育中的关心指向学生的非理性

除了身体和理性是人的生命的重要组成部分外,非理性也是生命的重要组成部分。在人生的历程中,非理性对人的美好生活和事业的获得以及人类社会和谐发展都具有重要作用。与理性一样,人的非理性获得也主要是通过教育来实现的。教育要扮演人的非理性进步的帮助者和促进者,而不是人的非理性进步的阻碍者和毁害者。同时,教育的发展和进步与人的理性成长,也需要人的非理性的协助和推进。因此,学生的非理性成长的价值和意义就非同寻常。在教育活动中,学生的非理性主要表现为学习兴趣、情感、意志和信念以及直觉和顿悟、灵感和幻想等学习思维方式。因此,为了有效促进学生非理性的成长,教师要有意识地关心学生在这方面的获取和发展情况,这是教师真正关心学生的重要举措和关键所在。长期以来,在我国教育历程中,受“工具理性”的浸染和控制,教师在教育现场中更多关注学生的知识、技能等理性成分,而对学生非理性中学习兴趣的培养、情感的关注、意志的锤炼、积极的信念、直觉和顿悟的支持与保护、灵感和幻想的鼓励等显现出漠视或忽视。非理性成分的“淡薄”,就必然影响到学生的身体和理性走向“丰厚”。这在我国教育中已经是不争的事实。因此,教育者对学生生命整体关心,就需要对学生的非理性给予关心,这种关心也是当前教师最为缺失的方面,更是急需改进、加强和建构的地方。

第三章实现教育中关心的条件

揭示了教育中关心的“个性”,并不等于教师践行“关心”就畅通无阻。事实上,教师要真正做到关心学生的成长还需要具备一定的条件和智慧。

一、教师要转变学生存在观念

爱是一种伦理, 也是一种理念, 需要更新教育观念。关爱学生要以转变教育思想为先导, 树立新型的育人观念。关爱学生不是一种孤立的行为, 它总是要受到某种教育思想的自觉指导和深刻影响。在“应试教育”下, 一些教师的教育思想完全是围绕“应试”来构建的。因此在这些教师的心目中, 一个个活生生的学生便都变成了一部应试的机器。在这种 “目中无人”的教育思想支配下, 教师也就可以不尊重学生,可以不考虑学生身心健康成长的客观需要, 可以只维护一部分学生而排斥另一部分学生, 甚至可以随意侮辱和打骂学生。更为可悲的是, 由于有些教师对错误教育思想已习以为常, 因此当别人责备他们的上述行为时, 他们还会振振有词地说: “我这都是为了学生好! ”在这种情况下, 如果不首先冲破教育思想的束缚, 单纯就行为抓行为, 教师的伦理素养不可能得到应有的提高。因此, 要在广大教师心目中真正树立起“以学生发展为本”的教育思想和由此而产生的正确的育人观念, 即教师要树立“育人为本”的教育观, “人才多样、人人成才”的人才观, 全面发展的教育质量观, 为学生的一生发展和幸福奠定基础的教育价值观; 努力实现从知识灌输到情感沟通、从独奏者到伴奏者、从关注优生到面向全体的根本转变

毋庸置疑,教育要培养学生,但问题的关键是教育要培养“什么样”的学生。这就涉及到教育视野下学生的存在特征。长期以来,教师总认为自己的教育行为体现了对学生的关心,但是,总有很多学生感受不到来自教师的关心。这主要是由于教师的学生存在观念出了问题。自从学校教育产生以来,学生存在主要是以“道德人”“知识人”“技能人”“情感人”和“创新人”等方式存在,尤其“知识人”是我国教育长时间信奉的学生存在方式。从生存论哲学来看,在教育中,无论践行以上哪种学生存在方式,都是二元对立的思维方式在学生存在方式上的深刻表现。作为受教育者,学生的存在绝不是单一性的,而是多元性的,而且这些存在方式也是彼此影响、相辅相成的。学生存在方式是一个生命整体存在,其身体、理性和非理性的发展都需要教育进行积极反思与回应。因此,教师关心学生,不仅仅是关心学生的知识、技能、道德、情感和创新等,而是对学生生命整体存在的全面审视和关注。学生生命存在有问题的地方,教师就应该及时发现和关心。如果教师仅仅从一隅出发去关心学生,那么就有可能遭到学生的不承认,甚至憎恨。

教师必须以身作则,力行关心,而不是监督学生实施道德规则。教师关心榜样的重要作用已在上段表述过,这里需要强调说明的是,关心不只是个人性的美德,而是关系性的美德。

因此,教师要能洞悉学生的需要而给予学生所需的关心;同时教师也不是永动机,学生也负有回馈教师关怀的责任。因此教师与学生必须持续地相处和相互了解。

二、教师要加强教育理论学习,形成浓厚的学生问题意识

学生是处于一定的教育文化和制度下的人,教师要认识其在教育过程中的特点和方式,就需要具备一定的教育理论素养。如果教师没有一定的教育理论水平,尤其是生命教育理论,那么要想获得对学生生命整体的全面了解是很难的,而缺失了对学生生命整体存在的了解,教师是不可能做到有的放矢、真正关心学生的。因此,教师要不断学习教育理论,并有意识地把它与自己的教育实践结合起来,这样才会较容易地发现学生存在的问题。发现学生问题,就等于教师有了问题意识,长期都能够发现学生问题,也就表明教师问题意识浓厚。在教育过程中,教师越能发现学生问题,就越能促进学生生命整体的成长,就越能体现对学生的真[9]正关心。所以,教师关心学生的达成,其前提是教师要有发现学生问题的意识,而教师浓厚的学生问题意识的形成,与其自觉学习教育理论息息相关。在应试教育影响巨大, 考试成绩、升学率仍被当作考核学校、教师的主要标准的今天, 一些教师迫于考试竞争的压力, 急功近利, 一味追求升学率,习惯于不断地向学生施加压力, 而忽视学生内心的情感需求, 忽视青少年成长过程中不同主体认知发展的规律, 其结果往往是师生关系紧张, 学生的素质得不到全面的发展。在应试的压力之下, 教师关注的多是学习成绩好的学生, 对行为习惯、学习成绩、心理素质、脾气秉性较差的学生往往缺乏足够的耐心、细心与爱心。在现实生活中, 一些教师由于缺乏关爱学生的伦理修养, 视学生为敌人, 用各种办法去伤害学生。师生关系的紧张在一些学校已经成为较为普遍的现象, 应当引起人们的高度关注。

三、教师关心学生要“有所为,有所不为”

教育学中的关心表达了教师对学生生命整体的关心。然而,这并不意味着教师要对学生生命整体面面俱到,而应做到“有所为,有所不为”。所谓“有所为”,就是教师要对学生的生命各组成部分有所侧重。学生需要什么,问题出现在哪里,教师的关心就应该在哪里,而不是随意地关心学生。一般而言,学生作为生命整体,他们所需要的教师关心并不是全面的,而是体现在某个方面或某些方面。教师要善于利用教育智慧发现学生的问题,采取有针对性的关心行为。比如,有的学生需要教师对他身体的关心,尤其是残疾学生;有的学生需要教师对他理性的关心,尤其是学习成绩落后的学生;有的学生需要教师对他非理性的关心,尤其是那些情商较低的学生。所谓“有所不为”,就是教师不要胡乱地关心学生。学生不需要关心时,你却给予,学生需要关心时,你却不给予,其结果只能引起学生的不安和反感。在当前教育现实中,教师胡乱地关心学生、缺乏针对性的关心现象还大量存在,迫切需要教师有意识地进行调整和修正。长期以来,教师十分“关心”学生对知识的获得情况,而对学生生

命中的情感、态度、价值观等精神层面的内容忽视或者忘却,以至于引起学生经常抱怨:“老师不关心我”,“老师不理解我”„„老师们却为此“愤愤不平”,总觉得自己是很关心学生的。然而,他们的“关心”却得不到学生的认可或承认。这如同内尔•诺丁斯所说:“大多数教师勤勤恳恳地工作,并且声称他们心里装着学生。教师们也许确实愿意关心学生,这是很重要的。但问题在于,他们无法与自己的学生成功沟通,建立关心和被关心的双边关系。”究其实质,事实上是教师的“关心”出了问题。教师所理解的关心,不一定都是教育内部世界中的关心。教育内部世界中的关心是指在教育教学中教师对学生生命整体成长的关心,而不仅是对学生生命部分属性的关心。为什么我们总是听到学生对教师的抱怨,就是因为教师所执行的关心,是一种“残缺的关心”或“片面的关心”。教育内部世界中的关心,是教师对学生生命整体的关心,不仅仅关心学生的知识和技能、过程与方法,而且还关心学生的情感、态度、价值观等学生生命的其他成分。教师要用生命整体的思维践行关心,让学生沐浴阳光、享受温暖,全面和谐地发展。

四、教师关心学生要促进学生关心品质的形成

教师为什么要关心学生?对于这个前提性的问题,一些教师并没有给予清晰的回答。然而,这又是一个迫切需要而又必须厘清的问题,因为它对于教师坚定关心信念、真正践行关心具有重要作用。不可否认,学生得到教师的关心,对于学生的身体、理性和非理性中的单方面或多方面发展是有益的。但是,教师关心学生还有一个主导性的目的需要强调,即教师关心学生是要促进学生关心品质的形成。随着社会的发展,人们的物质生活日趋丰富,然而人的精神世界却逐渐凋谢。生态环境的恶化、自然资源的枯竭、精神支持的坍塌等人的生存危机问题已经侵袭我们。这些问题的产生与人类缺乏关心品质有着紧密联系,人对他人、社会和自然的关心似乎已经“高高挂起”。作为公民素质培养的主要途径,教育必须培养学生的关心品质,使将来的公民能够关心自己、关心他人、关心人类创造的物质世界等,以拯救人类生存的危机。在教育世界中,教师对学生关心品质的形成负有不可推卸的责任,更是教师的使命。“以关心培育关心,以关心的灵魂塑造关心的灵魂。”[7]只有教师着实付出关心,学生的关心品质才可能真正形成。

总之,教师的一言一行,无不潜移默化地影响着学生。实践证明,只有让学生感到了可敬、可亲、可依赖时,学生才会接受教师的爱,才会把这种爱转化为学习的动力,这就要求教师必须具备高尚的师德、渊博的知识、深厚的修养和真诚的爱心,谦虚谨慎。诚实是做人的根本,否则会影响社会和学生对老师的评价和认可。教师要勇于改正自己工作中的缺点,虚心向自己的教育对象学习,要言行一致,实事求是,时时处处当好学生的表率,让学生真正感受到教师的可敬可爱,学生才会接受你的爱,否则学生就会认为你的爱是虚假的,或者

你没有资格去爱他。总之,教师要具有宽阔的胸怀和慈爱的心灵。只有这样,才能发现学生的长处,从心灵深处去爱护和关心学生。新时期的教师,要想完成教书育人的使命,就必须转变教育观念,调整自己的角色,由传统意义上的知识传授者和学生管理者转变为学生成长和发展的促进者和帮助者。关心是一种激励学生个性和谐发展、无可取代的教育力量和方法。

参 考 文 献

[1]诺丁斯.内尔:学会关心:教育的另一种模式[M].于天龙,译.北京:教育科学出版社,2003.[2]考韦:最新牛津现代高级英汉双解词典:第4版[M].李振华,杨广育,译.太原:山西人民出版社,1991:214.[3]中国社会科学院语言研究所词典编辑室.现代汉语词典:2002年增补版[M].北京:商务印书馆,2002:462.[4]弗洛姆 :爱的艺术[M].李建鸣,译.上海:上海译文出版社,2008:26.[5]吉利根:不同的声音:心理学理论与妇女发展[M].肖巍,译.北京:中央编译出版社,1999:前言.[6]周先进:“学会关心”取向的教学价值观研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2009.[7]班华: “学会关心”:一种重在道德学习的德育模式[J].教育研究,2003(12):37-43.[8]王恩发:《学会关心,迎接21世纪的挑战》,外国中小学教育,1995年第1期 [9]王义高:《跨世纪教育的一个共同主题》,高等师范教育研究,1995年第1期 [10]张华:《论道德教育向生活世界的回归》,华东师范大学学报(教育科学版),1998年第1期

[11]钱一舟:《学会关心:一种全新的师资素质要求》,学校管理,1996年第2期 [12]杨毅春:《学会关心:传统文化与思想道德教育》,思想政治课教学,1999年11期 [13]费建良:《突破学校德育难点应从培养学生学会关心入手》,班主任之友,1999第1期

第13篇:英文论文

浅谈高中英语写作中语域知识的习得

总论:新课程标准中"语域"的概念在中学阶段英语教学中是个新鲜词汇,第一次提到,并且明确列入评分标准之中。语域知识的习得是学生写作能力发展过程中的一大难点,因此,了解其含义及要求,对于我们教师当前如何有效指导学生的写作就显得尤为重要和迫切。比方说:photograph与photo均可指照片、图片,但photograph是newspaper language,属于正式体,一般常见于报刊杂志,而photo则是随便体,使用较为自由,这主要是语域功能的差异造成的。

关键字:高中英语课程标准、语域、中学写作、新要求

一、语域知识的习得是《英语课程标准》的新要求

普通高中《英语课程标准》(人民教育出版社2003年4月第一版,第55页)所附的写作评价标准中明确提到:对学生的作文主要从内容要点、语言使用效果、结构和连贯性、格式和语域以及与目标读者的交流五个方面进行评价。可以采用综合性评价,也可以采用分析性评价。通常采用分档次按等级评分制。其中第五档分类高分标准如下:

第五档(新课程标准)

——很好地完成了试题规定的任务;

——按要求写出了内容要点;

——语言结构和词汇选用恰当、丰富;语言错误极少;

——有效采用不同的连接手段,层次清楚;

——格式和语域恰当;——完全达到与目标读者交流的目的。

附:(原标准对比)第五档(很好):

——完全完成了试题规定的任务。

——覆盖所有内容要点。

——应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。

——语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误,但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致;具备较强的语言运用能力。

——有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,使全文结构紧凑。

——完全达到了预期的写作目的。

其中最后两项和原来的高考评分标准有着很大的区别,其要求进一步明确:①强调格式和语域恰当;②强调达到与目标读者交流的目的。而这其中"语域"的概念在中学阶段英语教学中是个新鲜词汇,第一次提到,并且明确列入评分标准之中。因此,了解其含义及要求,对于我们教师当前如何有效指导学生的写作就显得尤为重要和迫切。那么,什么是语域呢?

二、语域的涵义

语域(register):[ (linguistics)range of vocabulary, grammar etc used by writers

in profeional contexts.]是指根据语言使用的社会情景定义的一种具有某种具

体用途的语言变体,如科技语体、艺术语体、政论语体、公文语体等等。简言之,

指在专业领域中作者所使用的词汇,可以理解为与题目相关领域的vocabulary。"

各语域的词汇具有明确的语域功能"(王珏,1999)。比方说:photograph与photo

均可指照片、图片,但photograph是newspaperlanguage,属于正式体,一般

常见于报刊杂志,而photo则是随便体,使用较为自由,这主要是语域功能的差

异造成的。一般情况,法律、科技、报道,讲演词,政论文等都比较正式,而小

说中文体、语域最复杂,要视情况而定,不可一概而论。

三、语域的区别

语法正确的句子并不一定是好的句子,这其中牵涉到语域的因素。口头交际

时,当然不要使用正式语体;同样,书面交流时,千万避免随意语体。国内(20

世纪80年代中后期交际教学法)教学改革前指摘学生的英语口语过于书面化;

教学改革后的情况又如何呢?批改学生的作文时,教师都有一种感觉:学生的作

文大多用词简单、结构松散,从语体角度分析,正式程度都较低,呈口语化的倾

向(蔡基刚2001:302)。

但是,目前中学英语写作教学的写作培训时间很少,有限的时间又多放在应

试讲评上,缺乏对语域等全局层次的特征传授。学术英语(English for Academic

Purposes,EAP)研究专家Hyland博士曾指出,学生的绝大多数语篇语域知识是

通过在写作中表达自己的思想获得的(1998: 243)。什么是冷漠体,正式体,商量

体,随便体,亲密体,正式体,半正式体,公共体,半非正式体,非正式体等只

有在语篇环境或讲话者的口吻中才能体会出来。不同的语域语言变体彼此是有区

别的,如果用几个简单的例子来说明一下就会看得很清楚。如"汤姆病了,今天

没去上学",如果说Tom didn\'t go to school, because he was ill.这就是一句公共语,

而如果说Tom was ill,so he didn\'t go to school.这就是口语体,即非正式语体,如

果说:Being ill ,Tom didn\'t go to school或Tom didn\'t go to school because of illne.

都是正式语体(当然这句话的内容用这种句式表达并不合适)。从中我们可以看到

用原因从句的表达方式是比较正常的,用so连接的句子显得不怎么正式,用抽

象名词和分词短语的形式都显得十分正式。

另外有些表示相同意思的不同表示形式也有语域方面的区别。如according to

和in accordance with,前者为公共语,而后者为正式用语,It is important 和It is of

importance相比,也是前者为公共语,而后者为正式体。甚至连冠词的用法都可

以表示这种区别,The horse is a useful animal; A horse is a useful animal; Horses are

useful animals。第一种用定冠词加单数名词表示类属的是正式用法,而用不定冠

词加单数名词表示类属的则为公共语,最后一种,复数泛指的类属表示法则为非

正式语体。

所以,我们在学生英语写作之初时,引导他们弄清所写文章的语域情况是十

分重要的,因为这将决定我们在写作时如何选词组句,可谓"看菜吃饭,量体裁

衣"。例如:我们在写一篇游记时要用到下面一个句子:"一小时后,我们终于

登上高达海拔1296公尺的衡山之巅祝融峰。"可译为:After an hour of climbing,

we finally found ourselves at zhurong Peak, the very apex of Mt, Hengshan, towering

1,296m above the sea level.我们可以从after……climbing这种动名词用法看出比

较正式,它不是用短句表示(After we had climbed for an hour),如用短句则显得更

为常见的公共语体,另外,apex,顶峰,巅峰,与之同义的词还有summit, top

等词,但apex更为典雅,正式程度高于summit,更高于top.

再有towering这一分词的使用,也说明其正式性,不是用短句(it towers

1,296m above sea level)。那么,我们在翻译这句时则用了比较正式的语言。但如

果我们是在记录人们交谈中听到下面这样一些简短而连续句子:"我们爬了一个

钟头,终于到了祝融峰的山顶,它是衡山的最高峰,有1296公尺"则译为这样

较合适:After we had climbed for an hour,we finally found ourselves at zhurongPeak.This is the very top of Mt, Hengshan and it towers 1,296 meters above sea level.

这就是语域决定作用的初步体验。

四、语域使用应遵循的要求

在语言是否达到与目标读者交流的目的的制约下,写作中语域的使用应遵循

以下要求:

(一)合乎规范

事物、现象之间的相似性、相关性和相通性是词语跨域使用产生的基础,事

物和现象之间的这些关系使人们可以通过比喻、借代、引申的手法进行表达。

如:"bug"一词译成汉语"臭虫"。其电脑术语义指"系统、设备或程序中的

一种错误或故障"。"臭虫"获其殊荣完全是因为搔扰电脑科研人员晚上工作,

遭人痛恨而得。这就要求人们在选择词语时,注意使用词语中最具普遍性的意义。

要多模仿原汁原味的精美句型、短文,使用比喻、借代、典故等不能生搬硬套,

必须理解其文化背景,适应交际的需要,符合词语规范化的原则,才能避免

chinglish的。

即coherence( being (of ideas, thoughts, speech, reasoning, etc) connected

logically or consistently; easy to understand; clear.)连贯性,一致性。可以理解为

观念、思想、言论、推理等表达准确、合乎逻辑;前后一致;让人易懂。这就要

求写作时明确试题规定的任务,准确贴切地选择词语有效地表达事物的概念和人的思想情感。如不能准确地理解词语的词义就去跨域使用,必将会出现词不达义、张冠李戴的现象,达不到指称事物和目标读者交际的目的。如要表达的是演讲稿、发言稿,则语言必须符合口语习惯,随意体较为受欢迎,如果过多地采用正式体则显得教条、呆板,缺乏应有的生机活力,语言也就没有感染力。如:为了帮助学生认识到因果关系表达的丰富性及其文体差别,减少过分依赖死记硬背常用范式的熟悉度,我们从原因表达用词because等其它因果标记(诸如as,since与for,以及复合介词类(because of/as a result of等)、名词类(cause/reason等)、介词(with/through/by等)、动词类(cause/result in/contribute to等)的语料的掌握上,应该提供给学生足够的语境练习以强化域语知识的掌握。

例如:I am not able to watch TV, because I live in school.(逗号显示非正式的特征)→I cannot watch TV because my dorm has no TV set.用since, for表共享原因可能更好,因为本句重点说明我无法看到电视,进而为以后阐释自己对外界知识了解不多提供立论基础;但作者提供的原因并不直接,他所认为的共享知识-"学校宿舍没有电视"并非一定共享。另外,be able to 指\'能力\',实际上作者想表达\'不可能\'-cannot。

(三)避免滥用

即cohesion( tendency to stick together.)凝聚力。凝聚力,可以理解为围绕一个中心展开讨论,思路清晰,支持有力,不写与题目无关的东西。为追求新奇、标新立异或故作高深,有人不顾是否达到与目标读者交流的目的,把词语跨域使用作为一种新颖、超常的言语方式大加运用,必将适得其反。中国学生易受发展性因素和汉语负迁移的影响,过分依赖于汉语运用的感觉且表现出明显的口语化现象,偏离了原汁原味英语语篇运用的常规。因此,作为学生在英语学习过程中,要多分析语言现象,注意词汇句型的语域功能,多积累,多感知,多体会,方能为写出好文章打下坚实的基础。

总之,只有充分理解语域的内涵及其功能特点,才能把握好高中英语课程标准对中学写作的新要求,才能写出内容充实、要点全面、语言丰富、文字优美、行文连贯、过渡自然、表达地道、语域恰当的好文章,才能完全达到与目标读者交流的目的,也才能很好地完成试题规定的任务,取得理想的高分。

参考书目:

1.普通高中《英语课程标准》(人民教育出版社2003年4月第一版)

2.2003年高考英语试卷及答案(天津卷)扫描版评分标准(人民网)

3.《英语翻译课程学习方法》凡夫著

4.《对于雅思考试写作评分标准的解析》赖劲松著

第14篇:研究生面试英文自我介绍

Good morning, my respectable profeors.I am very glad to be here for this interview and now allow me to give a brief self-introduction.

My name is 。。。and I am a 23-year- old girl coming from Laiwu –the smallest city of Shandong province.Luckily, I spend my undergraduate time in a beautiful ancient city—Qufu, which is the hometown of Confucious .As we all known, he is the greatest educationalist, philosopher and ideologist in ancient China.My university, Qufu Normal University, is not well known, but I appreciate it very much.Every student in it is deeply influenced by the strong academic and culture atmosphere.We are very hard working at our leons.It also offers us all kinds of chances to develop our abilities.

Of course, study is not the only thing in my life.I am a girl who is outgoing, creative and quick in mind, and I think so many things in our lives, such as reading, enjoying music, watching film, hiking and so on.They make my spare time colorful and meaningful.

Life is precious and short, it is neceary to catch any opportunity to enrich and develop myself, especially in the competitive modern society.Therefore, I prefer to go on for further education.If I luckily get the chance to learn human geography in Hunan Normal University, I will concentrate on the study and research in this field, I will work hand to lean the theoretical knowledge and take active part in practical works with the help of the profeors and the clamates.I hope I can build up a systematic view of human geography and make some achievement in this field.So I can construct a solid foundation for my prospective study or work.

I will soon prove that your decision of choosing me is the wisest.I have a lot of confidence because I am such a diligent, aspiring and competent girl!

Ok, that is all, with many, many thanks for your giving me such a valuable opportunity, thank you.

第15篇:研究生面试 英文自我介绍

Good afternoon, my dear profeors.It’s my great honor to be here for your interview.Thank you for give me this chance here.

First of all, please let me introduce myself.My name is XX, 23 years old.I have many interests, such as playing guitar, playing the snooker.Besides I like music and sports.In my spare time I will focus on my hobbies or go out with my friends.

Then please let me introduce my hometown.I come from XX, XX province.That is a very beautiful and clean city where there are many tourist attractions, such as XX,XX.Every year there are lots of people go there to appreciate my hometown’s wonderful natural scenery.

I graduated from the XX in this year.In my eyes, my college life gave me lots of things, the knowledge to learn, the chances to try, the practices to improve myself.The most important thing I leaned from my college life is the courage to overcome the difficulties.I know I want to be a doctor from the heart.

Since I graduated from the college, I concentrated on my study of clinical medicine, and made great effort to prepare for this Graduated Record Examination.

I plan to focus on the research in viral hepatitis, I want to have the chance to research in it.And I hope that I can pa the interview so that I can study in XXCollege, which I dreamed of.

Generally speaking, I’m a honest and hard working student.My ideal is to become a well-beloved profeor and also a respectable doctor, like you all.I must try my best to realize my ideal if I have the chance to study in your esteemed college.

Thanks a lot!

第16篇:研究生复试英文自我介绍

Good morning distinguished profeors,

First of all, please allow me to expre my appreciation for the opportunity that you give me to join this interview.

My name is XXX and my English name is Catherine.I’ve got my undergraduate education in Hebei normal university of science & technology, majoring in Financial Accounting Education.The major for further education that I pursue here in China University of Geosciences (Dalin Ocean University) is accounting.

I’m an optimistic person, rational, industrious and easy-going.During the four years in my university, I’ve been given the traditional education on both management and accounting, which cultivated me to view the busine events in a profeional perspective.

I’ve also done a lot of part-time jobs, such as temporary promoters, campus agent, office aistant and so on, which taught me how to communicate with others and understand their way of thinking and acting.These experiences let me know what the society really is.The more social experience I gained, the more I cherish the opportunity to study.

People around me say that I chose a proper major and I can easily find a stable job.But the thirst for knowledge drives me to increase my abilities in accounting, so I decided to prepare for the postgraduate examination.

You know, preparing for this examination is not an easy thing, I hate a thing done by halves and I also know self-distrust is the cause of most of our failures.When times become difficult, I would dream my dream and renew my energy to face a new day.

Now all my hard work has got a result since I have a chance to be interviewed by you.If I could have the honor to study here, I promise that I would never fail your expectation and spare no effort to study and learn as much as I could.Thank you so much again for giving me the chance for this interview.

Geoscience [英] [ˌdʒi(:)əuˌsaiəns]

第17篇:研究生复试英文自我介绍

Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen! It is my great honor to have the opportunity for this oral speaking examination.I hope I can make a good performance today.Now please allow me to introduce myself briefly.My name is XXX, born in Jining of Shandong province, one of the most splendid cities in Shandong.And it’s famous for Confucius Mencius and Water transport, one of the important birthplaces of Eastern civilization.I’ve finished my undergraduate education in Shandong Economic University, majoring in Financial Accounting.Four years\' college education give me a lot of things to learn, a lot of chances to try, an do lot of practices to improve myself.It teaches me not only what to study and how to think, but also to see the importance of practical ability.Besides above, I also have many interests in my spare time.I like........Generally speaking, I am a hard working student especially do the things I love.I will try my best to finish it no matter how difficult it is.

Although I have broad interests in many aspects and grasp the eential knowledge of the major, but I think at present, I can do many things in a superficial level, but not be competent to do things profeionally owing to lack of ample knowledge and ability.So I think further study is still urgent for me to realize self-value.So I decided to study economic in our school.If luckily I got the chance to go on learning economic here, I will cherish all my school time to be diligent and devoted on studying in this field.First, I will learn the theoretical knowledge deeply, constructing a solid base for my future work;Second, I would like to do some practical work with the help of my profeor and clamates.I firmly believe that after years study in our school I will make my dream come true.

That’s all!

Thank you for your time.

第18篇:研究生复试英文自我介绍

Good morning/afternoon , my respected profeors .It’s my great honor to be here for this interview .First let me introduce myself to you .

My name is Zhao Xiuli , born in heze of Shandong province .I’m a senior student of Qingdao university of science and technology , majoring in Bioengineering.

During the four years in my university , I’ve built up a solid foundation of profeional knowledge as well as rich experience of campus activities .Most of my time was spent on studying .The characters of painstaking , willing to take initiative and live thinking independently make me get the first scholarship many times .Finally we obtained the frist prize and third prize in Qingdao meanwhile .I learned the importance of corporation and innovation .Whit’s more , I have board interests , such as doing sports , listening songs , reading books and so on .I have came in third in the women’s 800-meters race .Reading books enlarge my mind and board my horizons .In short , I believe I spent a rather meaningful and rich life .

The beautiful campus and keen academic atmosphere of Tianjin university attract me deeply , I love here so much and I believe I won’t let you down if I have the honor to be your student!

That’s all .Thank you!

第19篇:研究生求职英文自我介绍

研究生求职英文自我介绍范文 研究生求职英文自我介绍范文

范文一:

Good morning.I am glad to be here for this interview.First let me introduce myself.My name is ____, 24.I come from ____,the capital of ____Province.I graduated from the ____ department of ____University in July ,2001.In the past two years I have been prepareing for the postgraduate examination while I have been teaching ____in NO.____middle School and I was a head-teacher of a cla in junior grade two.Now all my hard work has got a result since I have a chance to be interview by you.

I am open-minded ,quick in thought and very fond of history.In my spare time,I have broad interests like many other youngers.I like reading books, especially those ____.Frequently I exchange with other people by making comments in the forum on line.In addition ,during my college years,I was once a Net-bar technician.So, I have a comparative good command of network application.I am able to operate the computer well.I am skillful in searching for information in Internet.I am a football fan for years.Italian team is my favorite.Anyway,I feel great pity for our country’s team.

I always believe that one will easily lag behind unle he keeps on learning .Of course, if I am given a chance to study ____ in this famous University,I will stare no effort to master a good command of advance ____.

范文二:

Good morning ! Everyone! (or Ladies and gentlemen)

It is my great honor to have this opportunity to introduce myself.and I hope I could make a good performance today, eventually become a member of your school.Now let me introduce myself please.I’m a graduate student from MAOMING UNIVERSITY .My name is TOM ,21 years old., born in MAOMING.GuangDong province .My major is English, and I will graduate this June.

In the past 3 years,I spent most of my time on English studying and practise.I have a good command of both spoken and written English and past CET-4 with a ease. Skilled in use of Office 2003, excel.My graduate school training combined with my cadet teacher should qualify me for this particular job.

Although perhaps I’m not the best among the candidates, but with my strong knowledge background and full enthusiasm for education, I am sure I will satisfy you well.

As a college student, I concentrated on studying modern teaching technology.I have acquired enough eential and fundamental knowledge of English teaching in the past three years.Since September 2005, with great interest, I have been doing student cadre for almost each semester and formed good team-work spirits.It also kindly provided me crucial guidance to analyze interpersonal relationship.My teachers and clamates describe me as a reliable and considerate person.Other than my major study, I have master a great skills in computer operation.

One month as cadet teacher in the March of 2008, not only did i obtain enough first hand experience in my field but also gradually realized that the career I have chosen is sacred and significant.Therefore, I am determined to become a diligent, hardworking, and responsible educator.

Last but not least, I will be fully committed and I am confident to work efficiently and meticulously under preure as a competent team member.I welcome the opportunity to speak with senior management further regarding my qualifications for the position.

Thank you very much for your attention!

小学毕业了感言

耳边回荡了一首歌“朋友一生一起走,那些日子不再有。一句话一辈子,一生情一杯酒.朋友不曾孤单过,一声朋友你会懂。还有伤,还有痛,还要走,还有我……”

小学毕业了,回想过去的美好时光,真的很舍不得。毕竟同学之间已有了六年的深情厚谊,一起哭过,一起笑过,一起走过了六年的风风雨雨……

六年的光阴似乎在一瞬间就过去了。我们注定要分别,但是为什么还要我们相识呢?最后一次春游,最后一次开运动会,最后一次考试,其中的点点滴滴都使我记忆犹新,我们彼此珍惜对方,珍惜对方之间的友谊。

快毕业的时候,教室的空气中弥漫着一种伤感的气息,大家都在沉默中表达自己的依依惜别之感。毕业典礼上强行挤出来的笑容之中,笼罩着一层淡淡的阴云。

想起和同学相处的日子,我是多么不愿和他们分开.六年,和他们一起上课,做作业,和他们一起嬉戏,玩耍,和他们一起进步,经历挫折.欢声笑语回荡在我耳旁,他们的笑脸也不断涌现.我怎能忘记呢?

在这六年的时日里,我曾以黑板为背景,以老师为榜样,以同学为伙伴,走过六年的风风雨雨.如今要毕业了,让我们挥挥手说声再见。再多的思念也换不回来和同学在一起的日子,再多的想念也换不回来我们在一起的快乐,与其在这怀念我们以前快乐的时光,到不如接受事实,将这种思念变成回忆埋藏在心底。

“毕业”这个词语使人高兴又使人伤感。

高兴是因为我们跨入中学随着我们的跨入,我们的知识也向前走了一步,也意味着我们又长大了。能去享受那些早已向往又渴望的初中生活和体验。学习那些更深一层的知识,充实自己的知识宝库;伤感又是因为我们会跟在一起六年的同学分开。

老师们也说过“天外有天,人外有人”,“强中自有强中手”。我们也不知道在中学里又会遇到什么样的事情,在这陌生的学习环境中,有从各个学校来的学生自然而然会有比你成绩好许多的高手。到那时你就会产生一种学习压力,使自己被功课、学习压得紧紧的喘不过气来,由于到了初中作业量也随之增加,而休息时间也随之越来越少。有“熊猫眼”的机率也随之增多,上课会周公的同学们也越来越多.

再见了,亲爱的同学们!再见了,亲爱的老师!再见了,亲爱的母校!虽然我们分别了。但是,我依然要继续我的生活,我依然要努力,依然要奋斗,为了梦想,为了现实,仅此而已!到了初中我的担忧与伤感和兴奋也都会现实,我们抓住偷偷溜走的时间,在这仅有的时间里努力奋斗。步入初中的生活,相信自己,明天会更好。

第20篇:研究生复试英文自我介绍

以下为我个人观点,仅供参考哦(我的注释中可能有单词拼写错误)

Good afternoon, my dear profeors!

It’s my honor to be here for this interview, I’m glad to introduce myself to you.I’m a senior student of Xi’an University of Science and Technology, My name is xx and my major is xx

There are rapid progrees(忘了是可数还是不可数了) in my campus life.I have strong ambition and do my best to achieve my goals.As a result, I obtained first cla scholarship many times and have a deeper understanding on my study.In my spare time, I’d like to soak in the library reading books ranging from literature to physical science to broad my horizon.Outdoor sports and reading are my favorite activities.Besides, as a member of the College Students’ Union, I strive to finish any aignment perfectly.

After four years studying at my major, there are so many aspects I can’t master very well, and I have a deep interest in my major.With the strong supports of my family I decided to get a further study.

The University of Science and Technology of China is one of the most famous institutes in our country, I have dreamt of studying in the prestigious university since I was a child, and I think it is the best choice for those who desire to get a precious academic atmosphere.

There are also other reasons for me to choose Fire science as my major.One hand, I prefer scientific research to safety management, and I desire to have a deeper understanding on it .On the other hand,the fire safety problem is extremely serious and further research on it is urgent and important.

I appreciate your considering me as one of the candidates.And I will concentrate on study and research in this field of Fire science in my graduate time and make a solid foundation for future profeion.If neceary, I will get further study on my major after my graduate career.

I really appreciate your time ,thank you.

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