吃饭英语范文加翻译

2022-11-09 来源:其他范文收藏下载本文

推荐第1篇:英语作文加翻译

1、My Favorite Place at School 在学校我最喜欢的地方

I find the library to be the best piace in school.我发现在学校的图书馆是最好的去处。

I like the quiet atmosphere in the library,which makes me deeply 我喜欢图书馆的安静氛围,这让我深深 adsorbed in my study.吸附在我的书房里。

there are a great number of books there that I\'m interested in.有许多书,我很感兴趣。

I usually sit there quietly,enjoying my books with a piece of light music.我通常坐在那里安静,享受我的书用一块轻音乐。

Besides,there are reference books in the library which provide ready guidance to help me solve my problems.除此之外,在图书馆有参考书提供指导,帮助我解决我的问题。

The library is really a wonderful place to study school work and to expand my knowledge.图书馆真是个学习的好地方学校工作和扩大我的知识。 sometimes,I can even make new friends who loves reading too.有时候,我甚至可以结交新朋友也喜欢阅读。

2、My Favorite Place at School 在学校我最喜欢的地方

My Favorite Place in School is the fantastic library from which I borrow books.在学校我最喜欢的地方是我的奇妙的图书馆借的书。

In a quiet reading room,i can better concentrate and study more effectively.在一个安静的阅览室,我可以更好的集中和更有效地学习。

Besides,there are all kinds of books,magazines and newspapers in a library which provide us with a great deal of useful knowledge.此外,有各种各样的书籍,杂志和报纸在图书馆给我们提供了大量的有用的知识。 When we want to borrow books,the library is open every afternoon.当我们想借书,图书馆每天下午开放。 I love reading,and really enjoy it.我爱阅读,真的很喜欢它。 It is a part of my life.这是我生活的一部分。

It\'s a good place to read books.这是一个读书的好地方。

The library helps me a lot with my study.图书馆对我的学习帮助我很多。

3、My Favorite Place at School 在学校我最喜欢的地方

Our school has a lot of places students like to hang out,such as playground,art room and computer room etc.我们学校有很多学生喜欢闲逛的地方,如操场,美术教室、计算机房等。 My favorite place is library.我最喜欢的地方是图书馆。

In library,people know how it behave more politely,and the bright reading room is a good place for you to read plenty of novels and study your own subjects,I used to hang out in library after school.在图书馆,人们知道如何表现得更礼貌,和明亮的阅览室是一个好地方让你阅读大量小说和研究自己的课题,我放学后在图书馆闲逛。

It is a good place for you to meet some friends who have something in common and we can share experience on study or other subjects.这是一个好地方见面对你一些朋友有一些共同点,我们可以分享经验研究或其他科目。 It\'s really good to have such a quiet place! 真的很高兴有这样一个安静的地方!

4、How to Protect Myself

如何保护自己

As a student,I think it important for me to protect myself from dangerous situations.作为一名学生,我认为这对我来说重要的保护自己免受危险的情况。 First of all,I must calm down as soon as poible,for panicking is of no help.首先,我必须尽快冷静下来,因为恐慌是没有帮助的。

then,as is known to all,when we are in danger,for example,in a fire,asking for help is neceary.众所周知,当我们处于危险之中,例如,在一个火,寻求帮助是必要的。 Calling 119 immediately is one of the most effective ways to save ourselves.立即拨打119是最有效的方法之一,拯救我们自己。

As well as that,it is best to take the stairs instead of elevators.同时,最好走楼梯,而不是电梯。

In conclusion,with positive attitude and sufficient preparations,we will de able to protect ourselves from fires.总之,积极的态度和充分的准备,我们将能够保护自己免受火灾。

5、How to Protect Myself

如何保护自己

In recent years some big earthquakes happened in our country.近年来我国一些大地震发生了。

When the earthquake happens,I will tell myself to calm down and think about the ways to protect myself.当地震发生的时候,我会告诉自己冷静下来,思考的方式来保护自己。 I should get outside instead of hiding inside the building.我应该得到,而不是隐藏在大楼外。 I can\'t take the lift but walk downstairs.我不能坐电梯但走下楼。

No sooner have I got outside than I\'ll ask the police for help.一外我有我会找警察帮忙。

And I should always be aware of the unexpected dorp overhead.我总是应该意识到意想不到的村落开销。

Following these ways,I would manage to prevent myself from being hurt ,and survive.以下方式,我会设法防止自己受到伤害,和生存。

I believe that these are useful ways to protect myself in an earthquake.我相信,这些都是有用的方法来保护自己在地震。

6、How to Protect Myself

如何保护自己

A terrible fire in Shanghai took many people\'s lives in 2010 and brought endle pains to a large number of families.一场可怕的大火在上海拍了许多人们的生活,2010年给许多家庭带来了无尽的痛苦。 Were I caught in a fire,I\'d try my best to protect myself.是我陷入了火,我会尽我最大的努力来保护自己。 First,I would calm down.首先,我会冷静下来。

A cool heaed can prevent me from taking rash actions.一个很酷的是可以阻止我采取鲁莽的行动。

Second,asking for help is a right solution the first time.第二,寻求帮助是一个正确的解决方案。

Then,I would call 119 with my exact location and the situation.然后,我将和我的确切位置和情况拨打119。

Most importantly,I would cover myself with wet clothes and made my way to the safe channel.最重要的是,我会用湿衣服盖住自己,使我的安全通道。 So I will sure be able to protect myself from fires.所以我肯定能保护自己免受火灾。

7、white cloud:I come from China.白云:我来自中国。

I\'m a middle school student,too.我是一个中学生。

I\'m the same age as Ding.我是丁一样的年龄。

Having read the news,I was shocked.看新闻,我很震惊。

What Ding did made me sad.丁的所作所为让我伤心。 Ding should say sorry for that.丁应该说对不起。

As a middle student,it\'s very importent to care about what we are supposed to do in public places.作为一个中间学生,是很重要的关心在公共场所我们应该做的。

The bad behaviors not only destory the ancient relics but also affect our country\'s image.坏的行为不仅破坏古迹,也影响我们国家的形象。

8、white cloud:I come from China.白云:我来自中国。

I\'m a middle school student studying in Chongqing.我是一个中学生在重庆学习。

when I read the news,I felt ashamed for what Ding did.当我看到这个消息,我对丁的所作所为而感到羞愧。

It\'s not polite to scribble in public places,especially on the ancient relics.是不礼貌的在公共场所乱涂,尤其是在古代文物。

Noone has right to expre personal feelings by scribbling on them.没有人有权通过涂鸦表达个人的感情。

In fact,most of the marks left there are meaningle and very ugly.事实上,大多数留下有意义的和非常丑陋。

9、white cloud:I come from China.白云:我来自中国。

I\'m also a middle school student like Ding.我也是一个中学生喜欢丁。

When I read the news,my heart ached.当我看到这个消息,我的心隐隐作痛。 What Ding did made me sad.丁的所作所为让我伤心。

Ding should feel really sorry for that.丁应该感到真的很抱歉。

As a student,It\'s very important to care about what we do in public.作为一名学生,这是非常重要的在公共场合关心我们所做的。 For example,we\'d better keep our voice down.例如,我们最好压低我们的声音。

I will be more polite to people around me and take better care of public things.我身边的人会更有礼貌,照顾好公众的事情。

And I\'m sure we Chinese will show our best to the whole world.,我相信我们中国会告诉我们最好的整个世界。

10、I think talking about hobbies is better than talking about lucky money.我想谈论爱好比谈论压岁钱。

As is well known,everyone has his own different hobbies such as singing,listening to music.众所周知,每个人都有自己的不同爱好,比如唱歌,听音乐。 Music can make us very happy.音乐可以使我们很高兴。

when we are unhappy,it cheers us up.当我们不开心时,我们欢呼起来。

When we are streed,it makes us calm down.当我们有压力的时候,它让我们冷静下来。 Music is really important to us.音乐对我们是非常重要的。

hobbies make our life more meaningful.爱好使我们的生活更有意义。

11、I think talking about hobbies is better than talking about lucky money.我想谈论爱好比谈论压岁钱。 It is simple and interesting.它既简单又有趣。

Hobbies are activities from which one can benefit a lot.爱好是活动从哪一个可以受益很多。

Different people have differen hobbies,such as saling,climbing and mountian biking.不同的人有不同的爱好,比如销售,攀岩和旁边的自行车。

Hobbies can be relaxing,challenging,interesting,enjoyable or educational.爱好可以放松的,具有挑战性的、有趣的、愉快的或教育。 Hobbies can bring us happine.爱好可以带给我们幸福。

However,lucky money is a too personal topic for us to discu because not all of us get lucky money.然而,压岁钱是一个太私人的话题讨论,因为不是所有的人得到压岁钱。 If we talk about it,some of us perhaps may be unhappy.如果我们谈论它,我们中的一些人可能会不高兴。 So I prefer talking about hobbies to lucky money.所以我更喜欢谈论爱好压岁钱。 It is really a good choice.这真的是一个不错的选择。

12、I think talking about hobbies is better than talking about lucky money.我想谈论爱好比谈论压岁钱。 It is easy and interesting.很容易和有趣。

Everyone has own hobby,like playing ball games,listening to music,drawing and so on.每个人都有自己的爱好,喜欢玩球游戏,听音乐,绘画等等。 It can bring us pleasure and make us relaxed.它可以带给我们快乐,让我们放松。 We have a lot to say when we talk about it.我们有很多说当我们谈论它。

Lucky money however,isn\'t a proper topic for us,because it\'s too personal.然而,压岁钱对我们不是一个合适的话题,因为它太个人了。 What\'s more,not all of us can get lucky money.更重要的是,不是所有的人可以得到压岁钱。 Some may feel unhappy if we talk about it.有些人可能会感到不愉快,如果我们谈论它。 so talking about hobbies is really a good choice.所以谈论爱好确实是一个不错的选择。

13、Dear John, 亲爱的约翰, It\'s Father\'s Day today.今天是父亲节。

It\'s a special day,isn\'t it? 这是一个特殊的日子,不是吗? Of course,I\'ll spend this specid this special day with my father to expre my love for him.当然,我会为了这特别的一天,和我的父亲来表达我对他的爱。 My father loves me so much and we are always friends.我父亲爱我这么多,我们是永远的朋友。

first,I\'d like to make a special curd for him with my best wishes on it.首先,我想为他做一个特殊的凝乳和我最好的祝福。

second,I\'ll cook him some delicious food in the morning so that he can sleep late.第二,我将在早上做饭他一些美味的食物,这样他可以睡迟了。 When he gets up,I\'ll make the bed for him and help dean his shoes.当他起床时,我会为他铺床并帮助院长他的鞋子。

Last,I\'ll walk with him,talking about what he is interested in.最后,我将跟他走,谈论他感兴趣的是什么。 Also,I\'ll play table tennis with my father.同时,我将和父亲一起打乒乓球。 it\'s his favorite.这是他的最爱。

what\'s your plan for father\'s Day? 父亲节你有什么计划吗? I\'m looking forward to hearing from you.我期待着你的来信。

Yours, 你的, Li Hua 李华

14、Dear John, 亲爱的约翰, It\'s Father\'s Day today.今天是父亲节。

It\'s a special day,isn\'t it? 这是一个特殊的日子,不是吗? On such a special day we are supposed to show our love for our fathers.在这样一个特殊的日子里我们应该展示我们的爱我们的祖宗。 My father is not only my first teacher but also my good friend.我的父亲不仅是我的第一个老师,还是我的好朋友。

He does a lot to bring me up and always tries his best to lend me a hand when I am in trouble.他做很多给我,总是尽力借给我一只手当我遇到了麻烦。

I will make a beantiful card for my father which show my respects and love for him.我必使美丽的卡片为我父亲表达我的尊重和对他的爱。 What\'s more,Iwill buy him a tie.更重要的是,我给他买一条领带。 It will make him more handsome.这将使他更英俊。

Besides,I\'ll cook some nice food him and we\'ll have a dinner togther,talking and laughing.此外,我给他做些好吃的,我们将有一个晚餐一起,有说有笑。 going for a walk with my father will be another choice.散步和我的父亲将会是另一个选择。

I sincerely hope that father will spend a happy father\'s day.我衷心希望父亲会度过一个快乐的父亲节。 what\'s your plan for father\'s Day? 父亲节你有什么计划吗? I\'m looking forward to hearing from you.我期待着你的来信。

Yours, 你的, Li Hua 李华

15、Dear John, 亲爱的约翰, It\'s Father\'s Day today.今天是父亲节。

It\'s a special day,isn\'t it? 这是一个特殊的日子,不是吗? I think we should do something to show our love for our father on this special day.我认为我们应该做些事情来显示我们的爱我们的父亲在这特殊的日子。 My father and I are good friend.我的父亲和我是好朋友。

Whenever I meet with difficulties he is always there,ready to help me.每当我遇到困难他总是在那里,准备帮助我。

Today I will make a beautiful card for him,with my thanks and best wishes on it.今天,我将为他做一个漂亮的卡片,我的感谢和祝福。

Then I will help him wash the car this afternoon and cook his favorite food in the evening.然后我将今天下午帮他洗车,做饭在晚上他最喜欢的食物。

Besides,I\'ll take a walk with him after dinner and them play ce with him,for he likes it veri much.除此之外,我会和他散步晚饭后,他们玩与他运气,因为他喜欢真实。 i\'m sure he\'ll be very happy.我相信他会很高兴。

what\'s your plan for father\'s Day? 父亲节你有什么计划吗? I\'m looking forward to hearing from you.我期待着你的来信。

Yours, 你的, Li Hua 李华

16、Dear friends, 亲爱的朋友们, It\'s a great honor to speak here.这是一个伟大的荣誉在这里说话。

My topic is\"The importance and Secrets of Keeping Healthy\".我的主题是“的重要性和保持健康的秘密”。

We all know that health is so important to us that it can even help improve our study and life.我们都知道,健康对我们很重要,它甚至可以帮助提高我们的学习和生活。 Without good health,nobody can live happily.没有健康,没有人可以幸福地生活在一起。 Then what are secrets of keeping healthy? 然后保持健康的秘密是什么? Here is my opinion.这是我的意见。

Above all,keep a balanced diet.最重要的是,保持均衡的饮食。

Fruits and vegetables are always the best choice.水果和蔬菜总是最好的选择。

Then it\'s a good idea to have an attitude towards life.那是一个好主意,生活态度。

What\'s more,we can\'t ignore the importance of enough exercise every day.更重要的是,我们不能忽视每天足够的锻炼的重要性。

In our spare time,try listening to some music to make ourselves happy.在我们的业余时间,尝试听一些音乐让自己快乐。 Thanks for listening.谢谢你的倾听。

17、Dear friends, 亲爱的朋友们, It\'s a great honor to speak here.这是一个伟大的荣誉在这里说话。

My topic is\"The importance and Secrets of Keeping Healthy\".我的主题是“的重要性和保持健康的秘密”。

Without doubt,no one can deny the importance of good health.毫无疑问,没有人能否认了身体健康的重要性。 When we are healthy,we can enjoy a happy life.当我们健康的时候,我们可以享受一个快乐的生活。 Keeping we are healthy can help us study or work better.保持我们健康可以帮助我们更好地学习和工作。

As to the secrets of keeping healthy,I think the most important is having an active lifestyle.保持健康的秘诀,我认为最重要的是有一个活跃的生活方式。

To live actively,first we are supposed to have a balanced diet and enough sleep.积极生活,首先我们应该有一个均衡的饮食和充足的睡眠。 Then remember to keep on doing sports.然后记得要坚持做运动。

In addition,it\'s useful to get along well with others because it can make you have a good mood all the time.此外,它是有用的与他人相处得很好,因为它可以让你有一个好心情。 Of course,to be happy can also help keep healthy.当然,幸福也可以帮助保持健康。 Thanks for listening.谢谢你的倾听。

18、Dear friends, 亲爱的朋友们, It\'s a great honor to speak here.这是一个伟大的荣誉在这里说话。 I\'m so glad you care about health like me.我很高兴你关心健康喜欢我。

Good health may bring us a long happy life,good work and even better grades.健康可以给我们带来幸福的生活,好的工作,甚至更好的成绩。 Keeping healthy is really is really important.保持健康是真的是非常重要的。

As for the secrets of keeping healthy,Ithink different people have different answers.对于保持健康的秘密,我想不同的人有不同的答案。 In my opinion,having a lifestyle is the most important.在我看来,拥有一种生活方式是最重要的。

First,It\'s helpful to have enough sleep and a balanced diet.首先,它是有用的,有足够的睡眠和均衡的饮食。 Breakfast is the top meal of the day,so we can\'t mi it.早餐是一天前的一餐,所以我们不能错过它。

At the same time,find a physical activity you enjoy doing it.与此同时,找一个你喜欢的体育活动。

I have kept playing ping-pong for seven years and I really enjoy doing that.七年来我一直打乒乓球,我很享受这样做。

Also,everyone should develop a humor and always be a happy person.同时,每个人都应该制定一个幽默和永远是一个快乐的人。

I hope you look after your healthy from now on and live a happy and healthy life forever.我希望你照顾好你的健康从现在开始永远,过幸福健康的生活。 Thanks for listening.谢谢你的倾听。

19、What Makes Me a Good Friend?

是什么让我的好朋友吗? My fellow students find me a good friend.我的同学找到我一个好朋友。

Why? I think that below are the main reasons.为什么?我认为,以下是主要原因。

First,I\'m an easy-going boy and friendly to everyone,so they all like to make friends with me.首先,我是一个随和的男孩对每个人都友好,所以他们都愿意和我交朋友。 Second,I\'m very helpful.第二,我非常有帮助。

No matter when my friend is in trouble,I\'m quite humorous.无论当我的朋友遇到了麻烦,我很幽默。 I\'m good at trlling stories and jokes.我擅长实验室的故事和笑话。

My friends say that they will find it fun to be with me.我的朋友说,他们也能从中找到乐趣。 Besides,I\'m honest and never tell a lie.除此之外,我很诚实,从不说谎。 This way,my friends all believe in me.这样,我的朋友都相信我。

I hope I will be a good friend of theirs forever.我希望我永远是他们的一个好朋友。

20、What Makes Me a Good Friend?

是什么让我的好朋友吗? I\'m very popular with my friends and everyone likes to play with me.我和我的朋友非常受欢迎,每个人都喜欢和我玩。 I think that the main reason is that I\'m a good girl.我认为主要原因是我是一个好女孩。

First of all,I\'m hardworking and always good at my leons.首先,我勤劳,总是擅长我的教训。

When my firends are in trouble with their studies,I will give then a helpful hand.与他们的研究中,当我的朋友有困难时我会给很有帮助。 Second,I\'m strict with myself and never break our cla rules.第二,我严格要求自己,从不违反我们的班级规则。 Third,I am easy-going and kind-hearted.第三,我是随和的,善良的。

I never quarrel with others,let alone fight with them.我从不和别人吵架,更不用说和他们战斗。 Therefore,they like me very much.因此,他们非常喜欢我。 Of course,I love them too.当然,我也爱他们。

I hope I will be a good friend of theirs forever.我希望我永远是他们的一个好朋友。

21、What Makes Me a Good Friend?

是什么让我的好朋友吗? I am a boy easy to get along with.我是一个男孩容易相处。 I never get angry easily.我从不轻易生气。

That\'s the most important reason that makes me so popular.这是最重要的原因,让我如此受欢迎。 I\'m always ready to help others.我总是乐于助人。

Whenever my friends meet with trouble,I will give then a hand without even a moment\'s thought.每当我的朋友遇到麻烦,然后我将给一只手甚至没有片刻的思想。 Beside,I\'m quite humorous.旁边,我很幽默。

I can always tell some jokes or funny stories to make my friend laugh.我可以讲一些笑话或有趣的故事让我的朋友开怀大笑。 They say time with me is full of fun.他们跟我说时间充满了乐趣。 I\'m honest.I never tell lies.我是诚实的。我从不说谎。 So I\'m a friend worth trusting.所以我一个值得信任的朋友。

22、Lily a hardworking girl,is very popular in our cla.莉莉一个勤劳的女孩,在我们班很受欢迎。

She is not only good at her leons but also kind to us students.她不仅擅长功课对我们学生还好。

Oneday,Alice was ill in hospital and mied her leons,so she was very worried about then.一天,爱丽丝病了在医院,错过了她的课,所以她很担心。

Knowing this,Lily went to see her and offered to help her with them after school.知道了这一点,莉莉去看她,表示愿意帮助她放学后。

With Lily\'s help.Alice caught up with other students quickly and was very grateful to her.莉莉的帮助。爱丽丝很快就赶上了其他同学,非常感谢她。

however,in my opinion,Lily should spend more time working out after cla,because health is more important than anything else.然而,在我看来,莉莉课后应该花更多的时间来锻炼,因为健康比任何事情都更重要。

23、Jack is a good boy who loves and care about our school very much.杰克是一个好男孩非常爱和关心我们的学校。

Therefore,he is often praised by our head teacher in cla.因此,他在课堂上经常表扬我们的班主任。

Last Monday afternoon,our school had a basketball match against the team form No.2 Middle School on the playground.上周一下午,我们学校有一个篮球比赛在团队形成第二中学的操场。

Many students ate junk food while watching the game,so the playground was very dirty after the match.许多学生吃垃圾食品而看比赛,所以比赛后操场很脏。 Seeing this,Jack organized some students to clean it at once.看到这个,杰克组织一些学生去打扫。 We can\'t admire him too much.我们不能欣赏他太多。

However,I think he should improve his studies and get good grades in the future tests.然而,我认为他应该提高自己的研究和在将来的测试中取得好成绩。

24、Han Mei is an easy-going girl who gets along well with everyone.韩梅是一个随和的女孩,和每个人都相处得很好。 She is also talented in performing.她也是才华横溢的表演。

What\'s the most important,he is warm-hearted.什么是最重要的,他是热心的。

Once she knew a girl in her neighborhood had so serious an illne that a large amount of money was needed.一旦她认识一个女孩在她的附近有那么严重的一种疾病,需要一大笔钱。

She put forward a suggestion calling on all the kids to give away pocket money to the unlucky girl.她提出一个建议,呼吁所有的孩子捐出零花钱不幸的女孩。 Besides,she organized a charity show to raise more money.此外,她组织了一个慈善机构筹集更多的钱。

When the girl and her parents got the money,they were really moved.当女孩和她的父母有钱,他们真的是感动。

Han Mei should also put more time and energy into study and try to be a student with both a kind heart and good drades.韩梅也应该把更多的时间和精力投入到学习和努力成为学生一颗善良的心和良好的电缆。

25、Last Saturday evening,all my family had dinner in a restaurant.上周六晚上,我所有的家人在餐馆吃晚饭。

When we were enjoying the delicious food,a group of young men who were beside our table bothered us.当我们在享受美味的食物,一群年轻人在我们桌子旁边打扰我们。 They were talking loudly and somking.他们大声说话和吸烟。

The noise was so loud that I could not bear it.噪声很大,我忍不住了。 So I decided to stop them.所以我决定停止他们。

To my surprise however,they not only refused to listen to me but also laugh at me.然而我惊讶的是,他们不仅不肯听我也笑我。 Personally,it\'s wrong to do so in public.就我个人而言,这是在公共场合做错了。 Besides,young people are the future of Tianjin.此外,年轻人是天津的未来。

we are expected to be polite and try our best to make it more beautiful.我们应该有礼貌,尽力使它更美丽。

26、Last Saturday evening,all my family had dinner in a restaurant.上周六晚上,我所有的家人在餐馆吃晚饭。

We were completely absorbed in enjoying the delicious dishes when some young men seated next us began to talk loudly and somke.我们完全沉浸在享受美味的菜肴时,一些年轻人坐在我们开始大声说话和抽烟。 Unable to bear it,I politely reminded them of their impolite behaviors.无法忍受,我礼貌地提醒他们不礼貌的行为。

But these young men continued to talk after laughing at me.但这些年轻人继续在笑我说话。

In my opnion,if is neceary for the young people to mind our manners in public because we are the future of Tianjin.在我看来,如果是年轻人想到我们在公共礼仪必要的因为我们是天津的未来。 We should spare no effort to make Tianjin a batter city.我们应该不遗余力地使天津更好的城市。

27、Last Saturday evening,all my family had dinner in a restaurant.上周六晚上,我所有的家人在餐馆吃晚饭。 There were several teenagers sitting next to us.有几个年轻人坐在我们旁边。

They were talking and laughing in a loud voice and even somking.他们有说有笑的一个响亮的声音甚至吸烟。 I asked them not to do that.我要求他们不要这样做。

They tooked at me for a while and then started to laugh at me.他们带了我一会儿,然后开始笑我。 I was very angry.我很生气。

In my opinion,we teenagers are the future of Tianjin.在我看来,我们青少年是天津的未来。

We should pay more attention to our behaviors in public.我们应该注意我们的行为在公共。 If we do Tianjin will be much better.如果我们在天津做的会更好。

28、Good morning,everyone! 早上好,大家!

Let me introduce meself first.让我先介绍我自己。

My name is Li Ming,a student, from Cla One,Grade Nine,Hong xing Middle School.我的名字是李明,一个学生,一班,九年级,红星中学。

Last year in my local city,I heard a rumor,which said that there would be a serious earthquake.去年我在当地的城市,我听到一个谣言,说有将是一个严重的地震。 People believed it and they didn\'t stay at home even at night.人认为这和他们没有呆在家里,甚至在晚上。

Mang built small houses and some spent their nights outside.多建小房子和一些过夜外。

Some families bought a large amount of food and drink.一些家庭买了大量的食物和饮料。

Earthquakes that can not be easily predicted are terrible,but rumor are even more terrible,which can have a very bad effect on our life.地震不易预测是可怕的,但谣言更是可怕的,它可以对我们的生活有很坏的影响。 Facing rumors,we should never believe it easily or get panic.面对谣言,我们不应该相信它容易或慌张。 Also ,we ourselves are not supposed to spread them.同时,我们不应该把他们。

推荐第2篇:英语道歉信加翻译

道歉信 letter of apology 我们在工作或生活中,有时难免会犯一些错误,写封致歉信就显得很有必要。道歉信通常包括以下内容:表示歉意;道歉的原由;出现差错的原因;提出弥补措施;请求原谅。写道歉信的语言要诚挚,解释的理由要真实,不要显出丝毫的虚情假意。好的道歉信不仅会取得对方的谅解,还会增进彼此的感情。

写作三步走:

表示歉意->说明具体原因、提出补救办法->再次致歉、希望得到理解 tips: 在写作过程中,尽可能提供比较合理的理由。如果违反生活常识将导致扣分。

在解释完原因后,尽量提供一个合适的补救办法,使行文更加完满。

订阅收藏《考研英语写作范文100篇》系列文章

(1)directions: you should write about 100 words on answer sheet 2. do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.use li ming instead. do not write the addre. 范文: dear anne, please allow me to say sorry again. regards, li ming 译文:

亲爱的安:

感谢你邀请我于明日晚上与你和你的家人共进午餐。可是,我非常遗憾地告诉你我无法赴约,因为我将忙于准备后天的一门重要考试。错过了这么一个欢乐的聚会我深感遗憾,我希望你们能度过一个愉快的时光。对了,在我考试后我们可以见一面么?如果可以的话请随 时给我打电话,我非常期待能和你愉快地聊天。

请允许我再一次致歉。

您真诚的,

李明

闪光词汇及词组: occupy: v.占用,占

get-together: n.聚会,联欢会 hesitate: v.犹豫,踌躇

drop sb.a line: 给某人打一个电话 preferable: adj.更好的,更可取的 long for sth: 渴望

万能句型: thank you for your invitation to dinner at your home tomorrow evening.unfortunately, it is much to my regret that i cannot... i feel terribly sorry for miing the chance of... is it poible for you and me to have a private meeting afterwards? if so, please dont hesitate to drop me a call about your preferable date. please allow me to say sorry again. (2)directions: you failed to finish an important task aigned by your profeor because of a severe illne.write a letter to your profeor tp expre your apology, explain your reason, and suggest a solution to make up the lo. you should write about 100 words on answer sheet 2. do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.use li ming instead. do not write the addre. 范文:

dear prof.patent, i would be very much obliged if you could grant me another week for the task, as my health is turning better. hope you can understand my situation and accept my apology. yours faithfully, li ming 译文:

尊敬的patent教授:

我非常遗憾地告知您我没有完成您上周布置的读书报告,因为几天前我突然生病了。过去的几天中我一直持续高烧,住在医院,因此无法进行任何学术活动。随信是医生的诊断书。 如果您能再给一周时间来完成它我将感激不尽,因为现在我的身体正在好转。 希望您能理解我的处境并接受我的道歉。

您真诚的,

李明

闪光词汇及词组:

aign: v.分配,指派

fall upon sb: 降临到某人身上 continuous: adj.持续的

prevent sb from sth/doing sth: 使某人不能做某事 hereby: adv.因此,据此 submit: v.提交,递交 obliged: adj.感激的

grant: v.同意,准予

万能句型:

i would be very much obliged if you could grant me another week for the task. hope you can understand my situation and accept my apology. apologize letter __ busine english_ by lqy dear sir or madam, i’m writing this letter to apologize to you.i’m so sorry that we made a mistake about the shipment of vacuum cleaners. those vacuum cleaners we sent to you were meant to be sent to european countries, but as the old worker was retired, the new one wasn’t so experienced.besides, the model number and the price of goods in march and july are so similar that the worker mistaken them. i am awfully sorry for this and we promise you a replacement shipment.we will also give a 10% i do apologize for any inconvenience this may cause you and i will try my best to avoid the same accident happening again. 道歉信是人们经常使用的一种书信文体,用以表达自己的歉意,查字典范文大全特意为大家整理了关于道歉信范文的相关材料,希望对您的工作和生活有帮助。 letter of apology ⅰ.sample study sample i dear susan, please let me know if you will be available on saturday morning. best wishes chen cheng sample ii dear mary, i’m very sorry for not having replied to your july 6th letter sooner.when your letter arrived, i was in beijing.as my secretary couldn’t forward it to me, it has been lying on my desk until i got back. look forward to catching up and once again apologize for the delay. sincerely, tom 英语道歉信范文及常用句式

道歉信是指因过失或疏忽做错了事,给别人带来了麻烦或损失,发觉后要立即写信给对方赔礼道歉时写的信件。道歉是一种礼貌,道歉信要写得坦率,诚恳。

道歉信通常包括三部分内容:

1、表示歉意,道歉的原由;

2、出现差错的原因,提出弥补措施;

3、请求原谅。语言要诚挚,解释的理由要真实。好的道歉信不仅会取得对方的谅解,还会增进彼此的感情。

写作三步曲:

表示歉意→说明具体原因、提出补救办法→再次致歉,希望得到理解。

注意:

理由要尽量合理,违反生活常识将导致扣分;尽量提供一个合适的补救办法,使行文更加顺畅。 范文解析: directions: you were unable to attend mr.smiths examination on international busine english writing because you got sick that morning.write a letter to expre the reasons for not being able to attend it and apologize. write the letter with no le than 100 words.do not sign your own name at end of the letter.use wang hua instead.do not write the addre. dear mr.smith, i am indeed very sorry that i mied the examination on international busine english writing you gave last friday.i feel awful about it and want you to know what happened that day. i suddenly fell sick early that morning and my parents had to send me to the hospital.please find enclosed a copy of the medical bill. sincerely yours, wang hua ◆常用句式:

1、i am writing to apologize for „ /i am writing to say sorry for 我写这封信是因„„向你致歉。

2、i would like to give you my apology for„

对于„„我向你道歉。

3、please accept my sincere apology for„

关于„„请接受我真诚的道歉。

4、i am indeed very sorry for what i said/did, but believe i had no intention to„

对于我说的话/做的事,我确实感到很抱歉。但请相信,我并非故意要„„

5、please forgive me for a stupid choice of words. 请原谅我说话欠妥。

6、i feel awfully sorry about it and want you to know what happened. 为此我感到非常内疚,所以想告诉你实情。

7、please accept my apologies for my oversight. 请原谅我的疏忽。

8、please allow me to say sorry again. 请允许我再次表示歉意。

9、i sincerely hope you can understand my situation/think in my position and accept my apologies.篇2:道歉信英文模板及翻译 dear_____, i am writing this letter to expre my apology that ______________. i feel terribly sorry about this. once again, i am very sorry for any inconvenience caused.i will be really appreciated if you can accept my apologies and understand my situation. yours sincerely (转载于:英语道歉信范文加翻译) _________ 亲爱的_____,(对方姓名)

我写这封信以表达我的道歉 ______________(道歉原因)。

对此我深感抱歉。

我再次对给您造成的任何不便深感歉意,希望您能理解我的处境并接受我的道歉。

谨启

_________(自己姓名)篇3:英语道歉信范文

范文1 directions: suppose that sarah, a friend of yours, has invited you to her birthday party, but you cannot go for some reason.write a letter in about 100 words to make an apology to her.do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using “li ming” instead. 【经典范文】 dear sarah, i am terribly sorry to tell you that i am unable to attend your birthday part next thursday evening.that is owing to the fact that my younger brother suddenly fell ill and was taken to a hospital this morning.i have to go there immediately and take care of him.as told by the doctor in charge, it will take around five days for him to recover and i have asked my bo for a leave. i really regret that i cannot go to celebrate your birthday personally and would mi the perfect chance of enjoying myself with all our old friends.i have chosen a small gift for you and will send it to you tomorrow to show my best wishes.besides, please give my regards to our friends when you meet them at the party. cordially, li ming 范文2 directions: suppose you cannot see your younger brother off at the airport as expected for some reason.write a letter in about 100 words to make an apology to him.do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using “li ming” instead. 【经典范文】 dear charlie, kindly excuse me for my not being able to see you off at the airport this saturday as i have promised. how i wish i could have the chance to share with you my personal feelings and suggestions before you are away! i hereby send you a gift to wish you good luck.please forgive me. cordially, li ming 范文3 directions: you were unable to attend mr.smith’s examination on international busine english writing because you got sick that morning.write a letter to expre the reasons for not being able to attend it and apologize.write the letter with no le than 100 words.do not sign your own name at end of the letter.use “wang hua”

instead.do not write the addre. 【经典范文】 dear mr.smith, i am indeed very sorry that i mied the examination on international busine english writing you gave last friday.i feel awful about it and want you to know what happened that day. i suddenly fell sick early that morning and my parents had to send me to the hospital.please find enclosed a copy of the medical bill. once again, i apologize for any inconvenience caused. sincerely yours, wang hua 范文4 directions: one of your pen friends, john, will be visiting your city.however, for some reasons, you can not meet him at the airport on time.write a letter asking to wait for you at the airport and tell him how to recognize you.your letter should be no le than 100 words.you don’t need to write the addre.don’t sign your own name at the end of the letter, use alice instead. dear john, i am eagerly looking forward to your visit to our city.after all these years of writing to each other, i can not wait to see you.however, i regret to inform you that i will not be able to meet you at the airport on time. the reason is that your flight will arrive early in the morning, and the earliest i can reach the airport will be about an hour after you land.will you please wait for me in the arrival lounge? you can have breakfast while you wait. by the way, as we have never met i must tell you home to identify me: i am of 165cm tall and have a long hair.in addition, i will wear a white skirt and carry a china daily at hand. hope we can meet soon. sincerely yours, alice 译文

亲爱的约翰:

我非常期待着你来参观我们的城市。这么多年来我们一直通信,我早就想见到你了。但是很抱歉我不能按时到机场接你。

因为你的飞机是一大早就到达机场,而我最早也要1小时后才能到。你能不能在旅客休息室等我,你可以利用这段时间吃早饭。

随便说一句,因为我们没过面,我得告诉你怎么找我:我大概1.65米,长发。另外我会穿一件白色的裙子,手上拿一份中国日报。

希望早点见到你。

你真挚的:艾丽丝

范文5 you should write about 100 words on answer sheet 2. do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.use “li ming” instead.do not write the addre. dear anne, thank you for your invitation to dinner at your home tomorrow evening.unfortunately, it is much to my regret that i cannot join you and your family, because please allow me to say sorry again. regards, li ming 译文:

亲爱的安:

感谢你邀请我于明日晚上与你和你的家人共进午餐。可是,我非常遗憾地告诉你我无法赴约,因为我将忙于准备后天的一门重要考试。错过了这么一个欢乐的聚会我深感遗憾,我希望你们能度过一个愉快的时光。对了,在我考试后我们可以见一面么?如果可以的话请随时给我打电话,我非常期待能和你愉快地聊天。

请允许我再一次致歉。 您真诚的,

李明

范文6 directions: you failed to finish an important task aigned by your profeor because of a severe illne.write a letter to your profeor tp expre your apology, explain your reason, and suggest a solution to make up the lo. you should write about 100 words on answer sheet 2. do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.use “li ming” instead.do not write the addre. dear prof.patent, i would be very much obliged if you could grant me another week for the task, as my health is turning better. hope you can understand my situation and accept my apology. yours faithfully, li ming 译文:

尊敬的patent教授:

我非常遗憾地告知您我没有完成您上周布置的读书报告,因为几天前我突然生病了。过去的几天中我一直持续高烧,住在医院,因此无法进行任何学术活动。随信是医生的诊断书。

如果您能再给一周时间来完成它我将感激不尽,因为现在我的身体正在好转。

希望您能理解我的处境并接受我的道歉。

您真诚的,

李明

范文7 美国政府关于撞机事件的致歉信(英文)

中新网北京4月11日消息:以下是美国驻华大使普理赫,今日下午就撞机事件递交给中国外长唐家璇的信件英文全文。 dear mr minister, on behalf of the united states government, i now outline steps to resolve this iue. both president bush and secretary of state powell have expreed their sincere regret over your miing pilot and aircraft.please convey to the chinese people and to the family of pilot wang wei that we are very sorry for their lo.although the full picture of what transpired is still unclear, according to our information, our severely crippled aircraft made an emergency landing after following international emergency procedures.we are very sorry the entering of chinas airspace and the landing did not have verbal clearance, but very pleased the crew landed safely. we appreciate chinas efforts to see to the well-being of our crew.in view of the tragic incident and based on my discuions with your representatives, we have agreed to the following actions:篇4:英语道歉信范文1 范文1 dear john, i am eagerly looking forward to your visit to our city.after all these years of writing to each other, i can not wait to see you.however, i regret to inform you that i will not be able to meet you at the airport on time. the reason is that your flight will arrive early in the morning, and the earliest i can reach the airport will be about an hour after you land.will you please wait for me in the arrival lounge? you can have breakfast while you wait. by the way, as we have never met i must tell you home to identify me: i am of 165cm tall and have a long hair.in addition, i will wear a white skirt and carry a china daily at hand. hope we can meet soon. sincerely yours, alice 译文

亲爱的约翰:

我非常期待着你来参观我们的城市。这么多年来我们一直通信,我早就想见到你了。但是很抱歉我不能按时到机场接你。

因为你的飞机是一大早就到达机场,而我最早也要1小时后才能到。你能不能在旅客休息室等我,你可以利用这段时间吃早饭。

随便说一句,因为我们没过面,我得告诉你怎么找我:我大概1.65米,长发。另外我会穿一件白色的裙子,手上拿一份中国日报。

希望早点见到你。

你真挚的:艾丽丝

范文2 you should write about 100 words on answer sheet 2. do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.use “li ming” instead.do not write the addre. dear anne, thank you for your invitation to dinner at your home tomorrow evening. please allow me to say sorry again. regards, li ming 译文:

亲爱的安:

感谢你邀请我于明日晚上与你和你的家人共进午餐。可是,我非常遗憾地告诉你我无法赴约,因为我将忙于准备后天的一门重要考试。错过了这么一个欢乐的聚会我深感遗憾,我希望你们能度过一个愉快的时光。对了,在我考试后我们可以见一面么?如果可以的话请随时给我打电话,我非常期待能和你愉快地聊天。

请允许我再一次致歉。 您真诚的,

李明

范文3 directions: you failed to finish an important task aigned by your profeor because of a severe illne.write a letter to your profeor tp expre your apology, explain your reason, and suggest a solution to make up the lo. you should write about 100 words on answer sheet 2. do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.use “li ming” instead.do not write the addre. dear prof.patent, i would be very much obliged if you could grant me another week for the task, as my health is turning better. hope you can understand my situation and accept my apology. yours faithfully, li ming 译文:

尊敬的patent教授:

我非常遗憾地告知您我没有完成您上周布置的读书报告,因为几天前我突然生病了。过去的几天中我一直持续高烧,住在医院,因此无法进行任何学术活动。随信是医生的诊断书。

如果您能再给一周时间来完成它我将感激不尽,因为现在我的身体正在好转。

希望您能理解我的处境并接受我的道歉。

您真诚的,

李明

范文4 美国政府关于撞机事件的致歉信(英文)

中新网北京4月11日消息:以下是美国驻华大使普理赫,今日下午就撞机事件递交给中国外长唐家璇的信件英文全文。 dear mr minister, on behalf of the united states government, i now outline steps to resolve this iue. both president bush and secretary of state powell have expreed their sincere regret over your miing pilot and aircraft.please convey to the chinese people and to the family of pilot wang wei that we are very sorry for their lo.although the full picture of what transpired is still unclear, according to our information, our severely crippled aircraft made an emergency landing after following international emergency procedures.we are very sorry the entering of chinas airspace and the landing did not have verbal clearance, but very pleased the crew landed safely. we appreciate chinas efforts to see to the well-being of our crew.in view of the tragic incident and based on my discuions with your representatives, we have agreed to the following actions: both sides agree to hold a meeting to discu the incident.my government understands and expects that our air crew will be permitted to depart china as soon as poible. the meeting would be april 18, 2001. sincerely joseph w.prueher 范文5 菲律宾年轻人的一封道歉信 as you are reading this letter, i bet that you have seen/heard about what happened earlier in our country. tourists were hostages of a policeman here, rolando mendoza.after a few hours of the horrible crime, some of the victims were dead including the hostage-taker. i wrote this letter not just to apologize but also to let everyone know that we filipinos are not all like mendoza.we are loving and good-hearted people. for so many years, our country has been standing tall and surpaing every dilemma; be it small or big.years ago (back when i wasn’t born yet), you have watched us fight for what we think is right.we fought for the democracy of our nation..the edsa revolution.but that’s just one out of many. the philippines is more than just a group of islands.we are a nation of strong and remarkable people.a country of beauty and love known to be hospitable and well-valued.i humbly apologize for what happened tonight.no one in this world would want something like that to happen for life should be valued. i politely ask the attention of the world.please do not judge and mistreat us just because of what happened tonight.i have been searching the net and found terrible things.hong kong advices to avoid travels here, china and hk bans filipinos and that philippines is the worst place to go. i can’t blame you for what you have decided but i hope that you could understand.our country is now in a sea of problems.and i know for sure that we helped you in a way or another.let peace and understanding reign this time. i know that this letter will just be trash but i wish that you would understand.on behalf of the philippine population..we are sorry. as a song puts it„ and i believe that in my life i will see an end to hopelene, giving-up and suffering.and we all stand together this one time then no one will get left behind.stand up for life.stand up for love sincerely yours, reigno jose dilao 既然你在读着这封信,我想你一定看过或者听说过早前在我的祖国发生的事情。 游客们被警察rolando mendoza当作人质。可怕的罪行持续一段时间后,一些人质死了,而劫匪mendoza也被击毙。

我写这封信,不仅仅是为了道歉,也是为了让所有人知道,我们菲律宾人并不都是mendoza。我们是充满爱并且热心的人民。 许多年来,我们的国家曾经挺立于世,经历了所有,无论大或者小的困境。数十年前(回到我还没出生的时候),你看过我们为了我们所认同的真理而战斗。我们是为了自己国家的民主而奋战......像edsa起义。但那只是我们许多努力中的一部分。

其次,我们菲律宾人为了我们的家庭一直在为其他国家服务,我们对待你们如同对待自己的家人。冒昧的说,我感谢你们所有人这么多年来信任我们,帮助我们成为今天的菲律宾人。

菲律宾不仅仅由一些岛屿组成。我们的民族是一个由坚强,卓越的人们组成的民族。我们的国家是一个美丽好客,价值非凡的国家。我谦卑地为昨晚发生的事情道歉。世界上没有人会希望类似的事情发生在宝贵无价的生命上面。

我诚恳地请求全世界注意。请不要只因为昨晚发生的事件就武断地判定和误解我们。我在网络上搜寻后发现了一些很糟糕的事情。香港政府建议不要来这里旅游,中国大陆和香港对菲律宾颁布禁令,菲律宾变成了最不该去的地方。

我不能因为你所决定的而责怪你,但我希望你理解。我们的国家现在正处于无数问题之中。我也肯定我们在某方面帮助过你们。让和平与谅解统领这个时刻。 我知道这封信将会被丢弃,但我祈求你会理解。我以菲律宾人的名义说出,我们,很抱歉。 正如一首歌唱的一样......篇5:英语道歉信范文及常用句式

英语道歉信范文及常用句式

道歉信是指因过失或疏忽做错了事,给别人带来了麻烦或损失,发觉后要立即写信给对方赔礼道歉时写的信件。道歉是一种礼貌,道歉信要写得坦率,诚恳。

道歉信通常包括三部分内容:

1、表示歉意,道歉的原由;

2、出现差错的原因,提出弥补措施;

3、请求原谅。语言要诚挚,解释的理由要真实。好的道歉信不仅会取得对方的谅解,还会增进彼此的感情。

写作三步曲:

表示歉意→说明具体原因、提出补救办法→再次致歉,希望得到理解。 注意:

理由要尽量合理,违反生活常识将导致扣分;尽量提供一个合适的补救办法,使行文更加顺畅。

范文解析: directions: you were unable to attend mr.smiths examination on international busine english writing because you got sick that morning.write a letter to expre the reasons for not being able to attend it and apologize. write the letter with no le than 100 words.do not sign your own name at end of the letter.use wang hua instead.do not write the addre. dear mr.smith, i am indeed very sorry that i mied the examination on international busine english writing you gave last friday.i feel awful about it and want you to know what happened that day.i suddenly fell sick early that morning and my parents had to send me to the hospital.please find enclosed a copy of the medical bill. sincerely yours, wang hua ◆常用句式:

1、i am writing to apologize for „ /i am writing to say sorry for 我写这封信是因„„向你致歉。

2、i would like to give you my apology for„

对于„„我向你道歉。

3、please accept my sincere apology for„

关于„„请接受我真诚的道歉。

4、i am indeed very sorry for what i said/did, but believe i had no intention to„

对于我说的话/做的事,我确实感到很抱歉。但请相信,我并非故意要„„

5、please forgive me for a stupid choice of words. 请原谅我说话欠妥。

6、i feel awfully sorry about it and want you to know what happened. 为此我感到非常内疚,所以想告诉你实情。

7、please accept my apologies for my oversight.请原谅我的疏忽。

8、please allow me to say sorry again.请允许我再次表示歉意。

9、i sincerely hope you can understand my situation/think in my position and accept my apologies. 我真心希望你能理解我的处境/设身处地地为我考虑,并接受我的道歉。

10、once again, im sorry for any inconvenience caused/you have sustained. 对于造成的不便我再次表示歉意。

推荐第3篇:英语道歉信加翻译

篇1:英文致歉信_范文 道歉信 letter of apology 我们在工作或生活中,有时难免会犯一些错误,写封致歉信就显得很有必要。道歉信通常包括以下内容:表示歉意;道歉的原由;出现差错的原因;提出弥补措施;请求原谅。写道歉信的语言要诚挚,解释的理由要真实,不要显出丝毫的虚情假意。好的道歉信不仅会取得对方的谅解,还会增进彼此的感情。

写作三步走:

表示歉意->说明具体原因、提出补救办法->再次致歉、希望得到理解 tips: 在写作过程中,尽可能提供比较合理的理由。如果违反生活常识将导致扣分。 在解释完原因后,尽量提供一个合适的补救办法,使行文更加完满。 订阅收藏《考研英语写作范文100篇》系列文章

(1)directions: you should write about 100 words on answer sheet 2.do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.use li ming instead.do not write the addre. 范文: dear anne, please allow me to say sorry again.regards, li ming 译文: 亲爱的安:

感谢你邀请我于明日晚上与你和你的家人共进午餐。可是,我非常遗憾地告诉你我无法赴约,因为我将忙于准备后天的一门重要考试。错过了这么一个欢乐的聚会我深感遗憾,我希望你们能度过一个愉快的时光。对了,在我考试后我们可以见一面么?如果可以的话请随时给我打电话,我非常期待能和你愉快地聊天。 请允许我再一次致歉。 您真诚的, 李明

闪光词汇及词组: occupy: v.占用,占

get-together: n.聚会,联欢会 hesitate: v.犹豫,踌躇

drop sb.a line: 给某人打一个电话 preferable: adj.更好的,更可取的 long for sth: 渴望

万能句型: thank you for your invitation to dinner at your home tomorrow evening.unfortunately, it is much to my regret that i cannot...i feel terribly sorry for miing the chance of...is it poible for you and me to have a private meeting afterwards? if so, please dont hesitate to drop me a call about your preferable date.please allow me to say sorry again. (2)directions: you failed to finish an important task aigned by your profeor because of a severe illne.write a letter to your profeor tp expre your apology, explain your reason, and suggest a solution to make up the lo.you should write about 100 words on answer sheet 2.do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.use li ming instead.do not write the addre. 范文:

dear prof.patent, i would be very much obliged if you could grant me another week for the task, as my health is turning better.hope you can understand my situation and accept my apology.yours faithfully,li ming 译文:

尊敬的patent教授:

我非常遗憾地告知您我没有完成您上周布置的读书报告,因为几天前我突然生病了。过去的几天中我一直持续高烧,住在医院,因此无法进行任何学术活动。随信是医生的诊断书。 如果您能再给一周时间来完成它我将感激不尽,因为现在我的身体正在好转。 希望您能理解我的处境并接受我的道歉。 您真诚的, 李明

闪光词汇及词组: aign: v.分配,指派

fall upon sb: 降临到某人身上 continuous: adj.持续的

prevent sb from sth/doing sth: 使某人不能做某事 hereby: adv.因此,据此 submit: v.提交,递交 obliged: adj.感激的 grant: v.同意,准予

万能句型:

i would be very much obliged if you could grant me another week for the task.hope you can understand my situation and accept my apology. apologize letter __ busine english_ by lqy dear sir or madam, i’m writing this letter to apologize to you.i’m so sorry that we made a mistake about the shipment of vacuum cleaners. those vacuum cleaners we sent to you were meant to be sent to european countries, but as the old worker was retired, the new one wasn’t so experienced.besides, the model number and the price of goods in march and july are so similar that the worker mistaken them. i do apologize for any inconvenience this may cause you and i will try my best to avoid the same accident happening again. 道歉信是人们经常使用的一种书信文体,用以表达自己的歉意,查字典范文大全特意为大家整理了关于道歉信范文的相关材料,希望对您的工作和生活有帮助。 letter of apology ⅰ.sample study sample i dear susan, please let me know if you will be available on saturday morning.best wishes chen cheng sample ii dear mary, i’m very sorry for not having replied to your july 6th letter sooner.when your letter arrived, i was in beijing.as my secretary couldn’t forward it to me, it has been lying on my desk until i got back.look forward to catching up and once again apologize for the delay.sincerely, tom 英语道歉信范文及常用句式

道歉信是指因过失或疏忽做错了事,给别人带来了麻烦或损失,发觉后要立即写信给对方赔礼道歉时写的信件。道歉是一种礼貌,道歉信要写得坦率,诚恳。

道歉信通常包括三部分内容:

1、表示歉意,道歉的原由;

2、出现差错的原因,提出弥补措施;

3、请求原谅。语言要诚挚,解释的理由要真实。好的道歉信不仅会取得对方的谅解,还会增进彼此的感情。写作三步曲:

表示歉意→说明具体原因、提出补救办法→再次致歉,希望得到理解。 注意:

理由要尽量合理,违反生活常识将导致扣分;尽量提供一个合适的补救办法,使行文更加顺畅。范文解析:

directions: you were unable to attend mr.smiths examination on international busine english writing because you got sick that morning.write a letter to expre the reasons for not being able to attend it and apologize.write the letter with no le than 100 words.do not sign your own name at end of the letter.use wang hua instead.do not write the addre.dear mr.smith, i am indeed very sorry that i mied the examination on international busine english writing you gave last friday.i feel awful about it and want you to know what happened that day.i suddenly fell sick early that morning and my parents had to send me to the hospital.please find enclosed a copy of the medical bill.sincerely yours, wang hua ◆常用句式:

1、i am writing to apologize for „ /i am writing to say sorry for 我写这封信是因„„向你致歉。

2、i would like to give you my apology for„ 对于„„我向你道歉。

3、please accept my sincere apology for„ 关于„„请接受我真诚的道歉。

4、i am indeed very sorry for what i said/did, but believe i had no intention to„

对于我说的话/做的事,我确实感到很抱歉。但请相信,我并非故意要„„

5、please forgive me for a stupid choice of words.请原谅我说话欠妥。

6、i feel awfully sorry about it and want you to know what happened.为此我感到非常内疚,所以想告诉你实情。

7、please accept my apologies for my oversight.请原谅我的疏忽。

8、please allow me to say sorry again.请允许我再次表示歉意。

9、i sincerely hope you can understand my situation/think in my position and accept my apologies.篇2:道歉信英文模板及翻译 dear_____, i am writing this letter to expre my apology that ______________.i feel terribly sorry about this.once again, i am very sorry for any inconvenience caused.i will be really appreciated if you can accept my apologies and understand my situation.yours sincerely _________ 亲爱的_____,(对方姓名)

我写这封信以表达我的道歉 ______________(道歉原因)。

对此我深感抱歉。

我再次对给您造成的任何不便深感歉意,希望您能理解我的处境并接受我的道歉。 谨启

_________(自己姓名)篇3:英语道歉信范文1 范文1 dear john, i am eagerly looking forward to your visit to our city.after all these years of writing to each other, i can not wait to see you.however, i regret to inform you that i will not be able to meet you at the airport on time. the reason is that your flight will arrive early in the morning, and the earliest i can reach the airport will be about an hour after you land.will you please wait for me in the arrival lounge? you can have breakfast while you wait. by the way, as we have never met i must tell you home to identify me: i am of 165cm tall and have a long hair.in addition, i will wear a white skirt and carry a china daily at hand. hope we can meet soon. sincerely yours, alice 译文

亲爱的约翰: 我非常期待着你来参观我们的城市。这么多年来我们一直通信,我早就想见到你了。但是很抱歉我不能按时到机场接你。

因为你的飞机是一大早就到达机场,而我最早也要1小时后才能到。你能不能在旅客休息室等我,你可以利用这段时间吃早饭。

随便说一句,因为我们没过面,我得告诉你怎么找我:我大概1.65米,长发。另外我会穿一件白色的裙子,手上拿一份中国日报。 希望早点见到你。 你真挚的:艾丽丝

范文2 you should write about 100 words on answer sheet 2.do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.use “li ming” instead.do not write the addre. dear anne, please allow me to say sorry again. regards, li ming 译文: 亲爱的安:

感谢你邀请我于明日晚上与你和你的家人共进午餐。可是,我非常遗憾地告诉你我无法赴约,因为我将忙于准备后天的一门重要考试。错过了这么一个欢乐的聚会我深感遗憾,我希望你们能度过一个愉快的时光。对了,在我考试后我们可以见一面么?如果可以的话请随时给我打电话,我非常期待能和你愉快地聊天。 请允许我再一次致歉。 您真诚的, 李明

范文3 directions: you failed to finish an important task aigned by your profeor because of a severe illne.write a letter to your profeor tp expre your apology, explain your reason, and suggest a solution to make up the lo.you should write about 100 words on answer sheet 2.do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.use “li ming” instead.do not write the addre. dear prof.patent, i would be very much obliged if you could grant me another week for the task, as my health is turning better.hope you can understand my situation and accept my apology.yours faithfully, li ming 译文:

尊敬的patent教授:

我非常遗憾地告知您我没有完成您上周布置的读书报告,因为几天前我突然生病了。过去的几天中我一直持续高烧,住在医院,因此无法进行任何学术活动。随信是医生的诊断书。 如果您能再给一周时间来完成它我将感激不尽,因为现在我的身体正在好转。 希望您能理解我的处境并接受我的道歉。 您真诚的, 李明

范文4 美国政府关于撞机事件的致歉信(英文) 中新网北京4月11日消息:以下是美国驻华大使普理赫,今日下午就撞机事件递交给中国外长唐家璇的信件英文全文。 dear mr minister, on behalf of the united states government, i now outline steps to resolve this iue.both president bush and secretary of state powell have expreed their sincere regret over your miing pilot and aircraft.please convey to the chinese people and to the family of pilot wang wei that we are very sorry for their lo.although the full picture of what transpired is still unclear, according to our information, our severely crippled aircraft made an emergency landing after following international emergency procedures.we are very sorry the entering of chinas airspace and the landing did not have verbal clearance, but very pleased the crew landed safely.we appreciate chinas efforts to see to the well-being of our crew.in view of the tragic incident and based on my discuions with your representatives, we have agreed to the following actions:both sides agree to hold a meeting to discu the incident.my government understands and expects that our air crew will be permitted to depart china as soon as poible.the meeting would be april 18, 2001.sincerely joseph w.prueher 范文5 菲律宾年轻人的一封道歉信

as you are reading this letter, i bet that you have seen/heard about what happened earlier in our country. tourists were hostages of a policeman here, rolando mendoza.after a few hours of the horrible crime, some of the victims were dead including the hostage-taker. i wrote this letter not just to apologize but also to let everyone know that we filipinos are not all like mendoza.we are loving and good-hearted people. for so many years, our country has been standing tall and surpaing every dilemma; be it small or big.years ago (back when i wasn’t born yet), you have watched us fight for what we think is right.we fought for the democracy of our nation..the edsa revolution.but that’s just one out of many. the philippines is more than just a group of islands.we are a nation of strong and remarkable people.a country of beauty and love known to be hospitable and well-valued.i humbly apologize for what happened tonight.no one in this world would want something like that to happen for life should be valued. i politely ask the attention of the world.please do not judge and mistreat us justbecause of what happened tonight.i have been searching the net and found terrible things.hong kong advices to avoid travels here, china and hk bans filipinos and that philippines is the worst place to go. i can’t blame you for what you have decided but i hope that you could understand.our country is now in a sea of problems.and i know for sure that we helped you in a way or another.let peace and understanding reign this time. i know that this letter will just be trash but i wish that you would understand.on behalf of the philippine population..we are sorry. as a song puts it„

and i believe that in my life i will see an end to hopelene, giving-up and suffering.and we all stand together this one time then no one will get left behind.stand up for life.stand up for love sincerely yours, reigno jose dilao 既然你在读着这封信,我想你一定看过或者听说过早前在我的祖国发生的事情。 游客们被警察rolando mendoza当作人质。可怕的罪行持续一段时间后,一些人质死了,而劫匪mendoza也被击毙。 我写这封信,不仅仅是为了道歉,也是为了让所有人知道,我们菲律宾人并不都是mendoza。我们是充满爱并且热心的人民。

许多年来,我们的国家曾经挺立于世,经历了所有,无论大或者小的困境。数十年前(回到我还没出生的时候),你看过我们为了我们所认同的真理而战斗。我们是为了自己国家的民主而奋战......像edsa起义。但那只是我们许多努力中的一部分。

其次,我们菲律宾人为了我们的家庭一直在为其他国家服务,我们对待你们如同对待自己的家人。冒昧的说,我感谢你们所有人这么多年来信任我们,帮助我们成为今天的菲律宾人。 菲律宾不仅仅由一些岛屿组成。我们的民族是一个由坚强,卓越的人们组成的民族。我们的国家是一个美丽好客,价值非凡的国家。我谦卑地为昨晚发生的事情道歉。世界上没有人会希望类似的事情发生在宝贵无价的生命上面。

我诚恳地请求全世界注意。请不要只因为昨晚发生的事件就武断地判定和误解我们。我在网络上搜寻后发现了一些很糟糕的事情。香港政府建议不要来这里旅游,中国大陆和香港对菲律宾颁布禁令,菲律宾变成了最不该去的地方。

我不能因为你所决定的而责怪你,但我希望你理解。我们的国家现在正处于无数问题之中。我也肯定我们在某方面帮助过你们。让和平与谅解统领这个时刻。 我知道这封信将会被丢弃,但我祈求你会理解。我以菲律宾人的名义说出,我们,很抱歉。 正如一首歌唱的一样......

推荐第4篇:英语自我介绍加翻译

做一个英语的自我介绍你会吗?需要写翻译的哦!和小编一起来看看下文关于英语自我介绍加翻译 ,欢迎借鉴!

英语自我介绍范文带翻译篇

1Goo afternoon (am), profeor.I\'m gla to be here.My name is GuoSshuang This year I twenty-three years ol from jilin university grauate, I am a from examinee, majore in computer application software technology.In two years of stuy, I fix everything, after my grauation from the school in a software lecturer.I have establishe a soli founation of profeional knowlege, an a rich experience of social activities.But I was intereste in history, I am a responsible person, always like higher goal.I am also a iligent person especially intereste in oing my thing.I will o my best to finish it, no matter how ifficult it is.If I ha a chance to pa this secon-roun exam, I will concentrate on stuying the history of this subject to make myself Paramount.

下午好(上午)、教授。

我很高兴到这里来。我的名字是郭爽, 我今年二十三岁,毕业于吉林大学,我是一名自考生,主修计算机应用软件技术。在两年的学习期间,我修完全部自考课程,毕业后我被留在学校做了一名软件讲师。我已经建立了一个坚实的基础,专业知识,以及一个经验丰富的社会活动。但是我对历史很感兴趣,我是一个负责任的人,总是愿意像更高的目标努力。我也是一个勤奋的人尤其是做我很感兴趣的事情。我将尽我最大的努力去完成它,不管它有多么困难。。如果这次我有机会通过这次的复试,我将会更加集中精力学习为把历史这个学科发扬光大做出我自己的努力。

英语自我介绍范文带翻译篇2

How are you, I call XX.This year is 22 years ol.Grauate from XXXX college.The profeion is a calculator multimeia.I am one is bright, optimism, there is the person of responsibility.A fonne for plays basketball, computer, listen to music, etc..Thankful your company gives me this the opportunity of the personal interview!

你好,我叫XX。今年22岁。毕业于XXXX学院。专业是计算机多媒体。我是一个开朗,乐观,有责任心的人。爱好打篮球,电脑,听音乐,等。感谢贵公司给我这次面试的机会!

英语自我介绍范文带翻译篇3

I am very happy to introuce myself here.I was born in Liaoning Province.I grauate from Nankai University an majore in International Trae.I like music an reaing books,especially economical books.It is my honor to apply this job.I hope I can realise my ream in our company.Please give me a chance.Thank you very much

it is my great pleasure to introuce myself.i was born in LIAONING.My major is international trae.I was grauate in Nankai University.My hobby lies in the music an reaing, especially like economics.

i am gla that i can take part in this interview an i am sincerely hope that i can join this company to realize my ream.please give my a chance.Thank you.

很高兴做自我介绍,我出生在辽宁,专业是国际贸易,毕业于南开大学,我的兴趣是音乐,读书,尤其是经济类的书。

很荣幸应聘贵公司,希望能在贵公司实现我的梦想,希望能给我一次机会,谢谢。

推荐第5篇:英语自我介绍信加翻译

自我介绍是向别人展示你自己的一个重要手段,自我介绍好不好,甚至直接关系到你给别人的第一印象的好坏及以后交往的顺利与否。本文是小编为大家整理的英语自我介绍信加翻译,仅供参考。

英语自我介绍信加翻译篇一:

I\'m Jia Wenwen, on bayi street primary school, in cla 4, grade 3, this year ten years old, my hobby is very broad, such as drawing, reading, dancing, and so on

I love dreaming, love fantasy is a girl.Sometimes desk at home, or lying in bed, flying mind wandering, want to some strange things.A fantasy I flew to Paris in France, and to see Versailles; Soon fantasized oneself fly to Egypt, to see the pyramids; Then fancies himself to the marianas trench, to explore the mystery of the endle sea

I was a love reading girl, often reading a book over and over again, on my desk there is a small cabinet, full of, especially insects, trees mother\'s tears, blue rabbit ears gra and so on.This is me, a love fantasy, love dream girl you would like to make friends with me?

我叫贾文雯,在八一街小学上,在4年级3班,今年十岁,我的爱好很广泛,如画画、读书、跳舞等等

我是一个爱做梦、爱幻想的女孩。有时会在家里的桌子前,或躺在床上,任思绪飞翔,想些稀奇古怪的事情。一会儿幻想自己飞到法国巴黎,去欣赏凡尔赛宫;一会儿幻想自己飞到埃及,去看看金字塔;一会儿又幻想自己游到马里亚纳海沟,去探索海底无尽的奥秘

我还是个爱读书的女孩,经常反复读一本书,我的桌子上有一个小柜子,都满了,尤其是昆虫记、大树妈妈的泪水、蓝色兔耳朵草等等。

这就是我,一个爱幻想、爱做梦的女孩你们愿意跟我做朋友吗?

英语自我介绍信加翻译篇二:

Everybody is good! I\'m Ren Zijia, I this year ten years old, then I will introduce myself.

I had a big, round head, like a big ball, big round head and a pair of watery big eyes, just like a black grapes.I now more and more fat, mom booked a plan for me, morning and noon can eat more, can\'t eat in the afternoon.Although I\'m a little fat, but start to as fast as an arrow.

I like to eat candy.When mom buy a candy bar, even if the fairy to also don\'t want to stop me.I also like playing computer games.But now my friends are myopic, dad set a paword on the computer.It\'s very disappointing.In addition, I also like small animals.But no space to keep small animals at home.I had to catch a little covers an area of bird to raise.Every day I fed it act as hosts to many insect pests.

This is me, do you want to make friends with me?

大家好!我叫任子甲,我今年10岁了,接下来我就自我介绍一下。

我长着一个又大又圆的头,就好像一个大皮球,圆圆的大头上长着一双水汪汪的大眼睛,就如同一个黑葡萄。我现在越来越胖,妈妈给我订了一个计划,早晨和中午可以多吃饭,下午不可以多吃。虽然我有点胖,但是走起路来像飞箭一样快。

我喜欢吃糖块。每当妈妈买来糖块时,就算神仙来了也别想拦住我。我还喜欢玩电脑游戏。可是现在我的朋友都近视了,爸爸在电脑上设了密码。真是太扫兴了。除此之外,我还很喜欢小动物。可是家里没有空地来养小动物。我只好捉了一只不大占地的小鸟来养。每天我捉来好多害虫来喂它。

这就是我,你们愿意和我做朋友吗?

英语自我介绍信加翻译篇三:

There is a little girl, a little mouth, the eyes like cherry, long eyebrows, and gue who is that? Yes, I -- -- -- Wu Wenre, a good little girl.

I have a position in cla is also a man - captains.I do little affectations who is special pipe cla, a someone do little tricks, I have to hold at the meeting that a few \"mice\".

Once in cla, there are a few was seen by me \"little mouse\" doing little tricks, I cough at first, but that a few \'little mouse didn\'t hear, I didn\'t also the way.

For a while, keeps ringing, the cla that a few naughty little mouse ran out of the claroom immediately, I will follow up.

Teachers in school is not allowed to play with toy, I saw the \"mouse\" playing mini car, I went up to receive his small car, to the teacher.I\'m glad! Help teachers get rid of a \"mouse\".

This is me!!!!!!!

有一个小女孩,小小的嘴巴,樱桃般的眼睛,细又长的眉毛,猜猜那是谁?没错,就是我---吴文若,一个优秀的小女孩。

我在班级也是一个有地位的人——大队长。我是专门管上课做小动作的人,一有人做小动作,我便会上去管住那几只“小老鼠”。

有一次在上课的时候,有几只“小老鼠”被我看见了在做小动作,我便先咳嗽一声,可那几只‘小老鼠’没听见,我也没办法。

一会儿,丁零零下课声响了,那几只淘气的小老鼠立马跑出了教室,我便跟了上去。

老师是不允许在学校玩玩具的,我看见那“小老鼠”在玩迷你小赛车,我走了上去收了他的小赛车,给了老师。真高兴啊!帮老师摆脱了一是“小老鼠”。

这就是我!

推荐第6篇:英语作文加翻译(材料)

Are Ma Media Good or Bad? Ma media outlets such as television and magazines expose people to the age of information.Yet, like many other things, the media are double-edged.

As channels of information, radio, TV and magazines are convenient and economical sources of knowledge and entertainment.Moreover, they also provide important information about different products through advertising.However, advertising can be misleading.Sometimes advertisements do not provide all the information we need to know about a product, and some even seduce us into buying usele or fake products.

Neverthele, it is difficult to weigh the merits and demerits of ma media since they are often closely related to each other.For instance, violent scenes in TV programs are believed to be partially responsible for violence-related crimes.However, these programs show us not only crime, but also the punishment for wrongdoing.The dark side of society will not disappear just because we do not talk about it.But, it is certain that such information as pornography must be kept away from young people.

Hence, the media should not be simply judged as good or bad; it lies for us to use information properly.We should be careful with regard to the content of information and take measures to keep audiences from the harmful influences of the media.故宫,又称紫禁城,是明、清两代的皇宫,二十四位皇帝在此生活起居和处理政务。它是世界现存最大、最完整的木质结构的古建筑群(architectural complex)。宫殿墙壁的色调以红色和黄色为主,红色代表快乐、好运和财富,而黄色代表帝王的神圣和尊贵。近十几年来,故宫平均每年接待中外游客600-800万人次,随着旅游业的繁荣,游客人数有增无减,可见人们对故宫的兴趣长盛不衰。——选自《大学英语四级汉译英16字真经》

The Imperial Palace, also known as the Forbidden City, was the palace in Ming and Qing Dynasties where 24 emperors lived and handled government affairs.It is the largest and most complete existing ancient wooden architectural complex in the world.The palace wall was painted mainly in red and yellow.Red represents happine, luck and fortune while yellow symbolizes imperial holine and dignity.In recent decades, the Imperial Palace is visited annually by six to eight million tourists at home and abroad.Moreover, with flourishing tourism industry, the number of tourists keeps increasing.It shows people’s everlasting and unfading interest in the Imperial Palace.为了促进教育公平,中国已经投入360亿元,用于改善农村地区教育设施和加强中西部地区农村义务教育。这些资金用于改善教学设施、购买书籍,使16万多所中小学受益。资金还用于购置音乐和绘画器材。现在农村和山区的儿童可以与沿海城市的儿童一样上音乐和绘画课。一些为接受更好教育而转往城市上学的学生如今又回到了本地农村学校就读。

In order to promote the equality of education, China has invested 36 billion yuan for the improvement of the educational facilities in rural areas and the enhancement of the rural compulsory education in the midwest.The fund is used to modify teaching facilities and to purchase books, benefiting more than 160 thousand primary schools and middle schools.Meanwhile, the fund is used to supplement musical instruments and painting supplies.Nowadays, like the children in coastal cities, those living in rural and mountain areas also have music and painting leons.As a result, some students, once transferring to other cities for better education, come back to local schools now.广场舞是社区中老居民以社交,健身为目的在广场,公园等开敞的地方进行的健身操或舞蹈,通常以高分贝的音乐伴奏

推荐第7篇:英语作文(已加翻译)

考研英语作文万能模板:一共写十七个句子

所谓万能这个概念,如果大家都去这么用的话,就等于没有用了。PartB部分是有的,但是partA没有,PartB可以基本上把这个文章全写完的一个模板方式。万能模板,你这么想,大家告诉我,只要一个题目能够转变成一社会现象之后,最好准备两到三套大的万能无敌模式。关于万能模式的几个问题:

一、我们选用的句子的灵活性强,经过了精心的选择

二、句型都是五星级,并在开头和长短句子方面有设计,并注意语法的丰富,每句话语法都不同.

三、我们选的句子与市面的任何资料都不同

四、很多同学说写的一样是否是雷同,不大可能,因为很难分到一个考场批判危害性的框架

总共写十七个句子.

第一段四个句子,第一句宏观描述图画,并谈图画看似可笑但发人深思.第二句写出图画最强烈的视觉效果,第三句是主题句,谈用二十个单词的爆发力句型谈该现象对个人的发展和进步有破坏性,并引发思考,第四句是用贬义词批判这个现象是强烈的指责。

第二段七个句子,首先第一句从宏观上谈这种现象的总的有两到三个点危害或者原因,第二句谈这个现象的第一个危害,用 “not only, but also”的五星级句子,通常是谈对个人身心健康的危害性, 第三个句子谈第二个危害,通常是用一个豪华级的比较级的句子,让老师耳目一新,通常是谈这个现象对社会的危害.第四个句子谈对家庭或学校的危害.第五个句子谈一个代替 “for example”的十五个单词的好句子,意思是说没有更好的例子来证明正如下文.第六个句子是例子群体的出现,谈根据一项调查表明,80%以上的人只要从事经历过这个消极的现象一定会对个人在精神和生活上有危害.最后一句话是预测趋势的二十五个单词的 窗体顶端

窗体底端

钻石级的句子,谈以下预测趋势,表明这种现象再这样下去,就会导致恶劣的结果出现,甚至是毁灭性的后果。

第三段六个句子, 第一个句子是下个结论,谈解决问题的必要性.第二个句子是第一个建议谈的是加强立法惩治这个现象,第三个句子谈提高人们的觉悟关于着这个现象能提高人们对这个现象的觉悟.第四个句子谈个谚语,谈一下实践我的建议的重要性.五个句子谈解决的任重道远.第六个句子是解决问题之后的美好的未来。

第一段

(1)As is vividly生动地 depicted 描述in the picture, ,which seems to be humorous幽默的 and ridiculous可笑的;荒谬的 but thought-provoking 发人深省的on second thoughts.(2)The most striking显著的 feature特征 that imprees 给印象 me deeply is that unbelievably, ,(3)Recent最近的 few years has witneed 目击;证明;为…作证 a phenomenon of 主题 which seems to be disastrous灾难性的 to individual 个人的;个别的;独特的 survival 个人的;个别的;独特的 and prosperity 繁荣,成功.(4)This phenomenon of 主题 should be condemned 已被定罪的;被责难的 severely 已被定罪的;被责难的 or made illegal 已被定罪的;被责难的.(5)There is no doubt that its symbolic象征的;符号的;使用符号的 meaning subtly精细地;巧妙地;敏锐地 conveyed传达 should be given deep consideration.

中间段落从两方面论证问题的危害,并举例论证,预测危害的趋势

(1) To account认为;把…视为;解释for the above-mentioned上述的,上面提到的 phenomenon, several 几个的 serious effects 效果 have been put forward.(2)To begin with,主题 not only results does harm伤害;危害;损害 to our physical and mental伤害;危害;损害 health but also results in a frustrating 令人沮丧的and humiliating 丢脸的;羞辱性的 life.(3)In addition, nothing is more harmful有害的 than主题 to contradict反驳;否认;发生矛盾 with a harmonious和谐的,和睦的;协调的 society.(4)Last but not the least最后一点,也是非常重要的一点, no iue问题 is as harmful as 主题 to increase family burdens 负担;责任, which is a threatening危险的;胁迫的;凶兆的 situation we are unwilling to see.(5)No better illustration 说明;插图;例证;图解of this idea can be thought than the example mentioned提及的,提到的 below .(6)According to a survey 调查 made by China Daily, 63.93% of young people who have ever experienced主题will live a dull 减少;变迟钝 life or even feel lo of hope about the future.(7)If we cannot take useful means, we may not control控制;管理;抑制 this trend 趋势,倾向;走向, and some undesirable 不良分子;不受欢迎的人results may come out unexpectedly, we will see the gloomy沮丧的;阴郁的 future of something.

最后一段要强调解决问题,谈的两点建议通常是提高人们的意识,加强执法

(1)From what have been discued above, it is therefore因此;所以, neceary必要的;必需的;必然的 that some effective .有效的,起作用的;实际的,实在的;给人深刻印象measures措施 are taken to prevent (预防,防止;阻止) 主题.(2)On the one hand, we should be sensible 明智的;明显的;意识到的;通晓事理的to strengthen the enforcement of the laws to protect something.(3)On the other hand, it is demanding苛求的;要求高的;吃力的 for us to keep people aware of (意识到,知道)the importance of saving somebody out of the evil邪恶的;不幸的;有害的;讨厌的 hands of destruction破坏,毁灭;摧毁.(4)However, it is easier said than done.(5)Although the fight against it is long-standing长期存在的;存在已久的 and tremendous 极大的,巨大的;惊人的one,our efforts 努力;转向力will eventually 最后,终于pay off.(6) Only when you attention to it can you see a colorful and harmonious future better sooner or later.

积极有利型的文章

第一段谈的是三个句子,第一,二个句子都是在描述图画,第三句子这个现象对社会发展的积极的现象,第四个句子是图画简单,寓意深刻.

第二个段子,第一个句子谈一个十二个单词的爆发力的主题句,第二个句子谈这个现象的永恒的社会含义,用一个三十五个单词的钻石级的排比句子,谈只要有这个现象就可以让我们不断有意义的事情,征服挑战和竞争,并最后走向成功.第三个可以从反面谈如果没有这个积极现象,人们生活就忧闷,有挫折感,无前进动力,前途渺茫.第四个句子谈有两个大的好处.第五个句子谈第一个好处,通常是让生活丰富,有效率.再谈第二个好处通常是谈一些个人发展或社会进步的好处.第五个句子是代替for example的五星级的句子.第六个是具体的举例子,谈根据一项调查表明,80%的人只要利用这个积极的现象就容易改变人生,提高素质.也可以单独举个性例子,第七个句子是倒装句子谈只有这个现象才能让我们成为社会的成功者

第三个段子首句 谈二十五个单词的超豪华的句子,谈无论做大事还是小事,无论做难事还是容易事,都要这个积极现象.第二个句子谈有两点建议让它变的更好.第三个句子谈让它变的更好的第一个方法,通常发挥它的好处,避免坏处.第四个句子谈第二个方法,第五个句子谈个谚语,第六个谈解决任务的任重道远.第七个倒装句谈只要有这个积极现象就会享受一个美好,丰富和有活力的未来.

文章以团队精神为例子

(1)As is vividly depicted in the picture,(描述图画).(2) The most striking feature is(图画重点信息).(3)There is no doubt that its symbolic meaning subtly conveyed should be given deep consideration.

(1)As is symbolically revealed 象征性地透露in the set of drawings, the fact that(重复上面的图画信息) profoundly深刻地;深深地;极度地 indicates表明 that team work is momentous (重要的) and fundamental基本的,根本的 to any one who undertakes great deeds行为.(2)Undoubtedly, it is team work that keeps us continually doing something valuable and admirable令人钦佩的;极好的;值得赞扬的 in spite of 尽管difficulty, that makes us still full of energy to face the coming challenges and competition竞争;比赛 and that offers us the foundation 基础 for the coming succe.(3)If we don not cooperate合作,配合;协力 sincerely真诚地;由衷地,诚恳地, we will live a dull使迟钝;使阴暗;缓和 and depreing 压抑的;使人沮丧的 life and feel frustrated失意的,挫败的;泄气的 and humiliated 羞辱的or feel lo of hope about the future.(4)As far as I am concerned 有关的;关心的, there are several advantages that can be given as below.To begin with, nothing is more beneficial than team work to overcome our defects 缺点;瑕疵;不合格品and improve our efficiency效率;效能;功效.(5)Secondly, no iue is as good as team work to make our life more colorful and energetic 精力充沛的;积极的;有力的.(6)No better illustration of this idea can be thought than the example mentioned below.(7)A person who is aigned various jobs along the production lines will make a me just because no one can be proficient 熟练的,精通的in all the things.(8)Only by cooperating with other people can you put your capacities 能力;容量;性能;生产量into full play and can you be the winner in the society.

(1)From what have been discued above,it admits 承认;容许of no doubt that in doing things whether great or small there are more or le difficulties, it is much better for one to involve包含;牵涉;使陷于;潜心于 yourself into a team work.(2)It is therefore, neceary that some effective measures are taken to make your team work more efficient.(3)On the one hand, we should be sensible明智的;明显的;意识到的;通晓事理的 to be receptive善于接受的;能容纳的 to other people’s opinions and benefits.(4)On the other hand, it is demanding for us to be always helpful and honest to other people.(5) However, it is easier said than done.Practice is the most important factor.(6)Only when you pay attention to it can you make it better sooner or later.

短文万能模板

在“经典短文背诵”部分中,我们根据短文的内容将其分为10大类。其实从文章功能来看,我们可把这10大类文章归为三种类型:解决问题、论证观点、阐述现象。其中第一类具有解决问题功能的短文包括了:

1、身体健康类;

2、职业道德类;

3、人口增长类;

4、环境保护类。第二类具有论证观点功能的短文包括了:

5、情感类;

8、人生价值类。第三类具有阐述现象功能的短文包括了:

6、文化交流类;

7、教育类;

9、家庭关系类;

10、社会热点类。需要说明的是,以上分类并不是具有绝对意义的,譬如一些身体健康类的话题也可能适合以论证观点的短文模板来套用。我们这里所说的是指大致的分类和适用范围。

除了以上三项功能,我们还将在本部分的最后列出两个具有对比论证功能的模板。虽然自从1997 年以来的历年短文题目中没有出现要求进行对比论证的话题,但是考生仍然应该有所准备,因为对比论证是英文写作的一种重要写作手法,需要引起一定的重视。

2012年考研英语作文万能模板(应用文)

Ø 功能I:解决问题

这种类型的文章主要针对一些实际的问题分析其原因和后果,最后提出解决的措施。一般情况下三段的分布为:第一段描述图画内容,第二段分析问题所在,第三段提出解决方案。

1、身体健康类

模板1:

The picture .What is strikingly noticeable is , but it can be easily explained 解释by shown in the picture.

The discernable 可辨别的;可认识的unhealthine discloses公开;揭露 a prevalent 流行的;普遍的,广传的phenomenon that has long existed 存在in the China’s .One the one hand,.On the other hand,.As a result, the integration集成;综合 of poor living conditions条件;情况 and work preure leads naturally to their poor health and short life-span, just as the picture tells us.

The situation is rather depreing because , and it is largely owing to .To solve the problem, I think there should be a thriving social trend , and those who should be rewarded with good living and working conditions.(参见范文2)

模板2:

In the picture, we are amazed to find that .It clearly tells us that in the domain 领域of , there are .has long been a problem since , and are turning to be an increasingly severe problem because of .Besides, there are more reasons responsible for this iue.Firstly,.Secondly,.Thirdly,.

Judging 判断from the analysis above, we may safely come to the conclusion that the daunting 使人畏缩的;使人气馁的;令人怯步的problem demands effective counter-measures.Most importantly, the government needs to implement 实施,执行;实现,使生效sufficiently 充分地;足够地relevant 有关的;中肯的;有重大作用的laws and regulations.条例;规程 in order to enhance提高;加强;增加 the strength of .In addition, all residents should be aware of .(参见范文8)

2、职业道德类

模板1:

We can see from the picture that , but .

If , he would surely expre .There are three reasons to explain why it happens to .Firstly,, which resulted from .Secondly, though ,.Consequently因此;结果;所以,.Thirdly,.

I maintain that effective measures should be taken to put an end to this phenomenon.Firstly, we need to endeavor 努力;尽力to advocate提倡,主张,拥护 .Secondly, strict regulations should be enacted 制定,颁布and enforced 实施的;强制执行的to create a harmonious and orderly society.Only through the combined 使结合;联合efforts can we eliminate消除;排除 this “tumor” forcefully and completely.(参见范文6)

模板2:

As is shown in the cartoon,.Take in the cartoon for example.

This phenomenon appears commonly 一般地;通常地;普通地in our daily life.Nowadays,.Instead, they only try their best to Such deeds not only , but also .

Therefore, it is of great significance意义;重要性;意思 to take actions to change this phenomenon.First and foremost,.In addition,.All these steps can help guarantee a solid 固体的;可靠的;立体的;结实的;一致的economic order and a harmonious society.(参见范文8)

3、人口增长类

模板1:

The picture depicts 描述;描画a scene 场面;情景;景象;事件 in which .The scene is presented in an artistic and ironic 讽刺的;反话的manner方式;习惯;种类;规矩;风俗.Crowds 聚集;涌向;推搡;塞满of people are crammed 挤满的;塞满的in .Further examination reveals that .

Apparently显然地;似乎,表面上, the picture symbolizes that humans, with such a huge population, may one day suffer from the exhaustion 枯竭;耗尽;精疲力竭of earth resources.资源;物力.Take for example.Given the fact that , we find that .To make it worse,.

If the conflict between population boom and shortage of resources is not properly controlled 受控制的;受约束的;克制的, we have every reason to hold a peimistic 悲观的 perspective 观点 towards human’s future on Earth.Perhaps eventually we would face the situation suggested by the picture, that is,.Accordingly, I strongly recommend that the whole globe launch aggreive programs to addre this fatal 致命的;重大的;毁灭性的;命中注定的 contradiction矛盾;否认;反驳.(参见范文3)

模板2:

Basically, what we see in this cartoon is .The interestingly echos the .while we can imagine .

We can deduce from this picture that the artist is trying to attract our attention to the present exploding world population.The striking point is that .As a result,.On the contrary,.

The simple picture is a wake-up call for the whole of human race..Hence, mankind should cooperate worldwide to control population by effective measures, in order to secure the prosperity of our future on this planet.(参见范文2)

4、环境保护类

模板1:

This is a very interesting piece of cartoon, in thanks to .Hence,.

Though being a little exaggerating 夸大的;夸张的, the cartoon illuminates a serious fact that , and for that matter,.A recent report also supported this view by .On the contrary相反的;对立的, we are sad to perceive感到,感知;认识到 that .

Therefore, in my opinion, it is already high time for the whole world to form a solid cooperation fighting against , because not a single government or person can be exempt from its harm.A series of down-to-earth measures need to be urgently迫切地;紧急地;急切地 implemented 实施to control .(参见范文2)

模板2:

Nowadays, lots of people have the illusion that .Just as what is shown in the picture,.

This is a very serious social problem.Compared with other countries, China .If everybody behaves in this way, it would be far beyond the country’s capacity能力;容量;资格,地位;生产力 to .Moreover, it was reported that .Meanwhile,.Also,.

Though , it is never the only way.What’s important, to solve these problems depends largely on our responsibility for society and environment.If the sense of responsibility is greatly aroused, the achievement of harmony between man and the environment will not be far away.(参见范文7)

Ø 功能II:论证观点

这种类型的文章主要分析论证一些具体的观点。一般情况下三段的分布为:第一段描述图画内容,第二段提出观点、进行理论分析和事例分析,第三段总结观点、表明态度。

5、情感类

模板1:

As is shown in the picture above,.Obviously 明显地from we can surmise 推测;猜度that .

It goes without saying that the primary主要的;初级的;基本的 purpose 目的;用途;意志of the picture lies in eulogizing颂扬;称赞 the practice 实践;练习;惯例 of .As a matter of fact, it is not rare 稀有的;半熟的;稀薄的to find in our everyday life deeds of similar nature.For instance实例;情况;建议,.Additionally, we can also hear many stories about .Not to mention those moving cases of .

All in all, I firmly.坚定地,坚决地;坚固地,稳固地 believe that a harmonious society is based on a .By , people not only harvest.收获;产量;结果 , but also gain that can never be purchased via money.(参见范文7)

模板2:

, just as is depicted in the picture.It is not difficult to find that in today’s society, more and more people begin to .It is rather good news to .The picture reminds us that in China, due to ,.Moreover, there are .In addition, we should not forget .

is a good way to expre human love.To some extent, it also reflects individuals’个人;个体 sense of social responsibility.It is also a feeling from deep heart that is beyond words and is difficult to obtain no matter how rich one is.Therefore, I strongly advocate that .I am sure our society will hence be more beautiful because of .

8、人生价值类

模板1:

As the old Chinese saying goes,.It echoes 回声;共鸣;反响 with this picture in which .The title of the picture further points out that .

The picture is meant to .As far as I am concerned有关的;关心的, I think .This universal .普遍的;通用的;宇宙的;全世界的;全体的truth can be particularly proved in the field of , where .

A brief 简短的,简洁的;短暂的,草率的survey of history about also demonstrates示范 the fundamental importance of ., for example,.The same principle原理,原则;主义,道义;本质,本义;根源,源泉 applies 申请to common people as well, and I am sure everybody can benefit from .(参见范文5)

模板2:

From the picture we can perceive that .What astonishes the drawing and the readers is that .It is known to all that , but it seems .

The artist utilizes利用 this artistic presentation to imply a spreading vogue时髦的,流行的 that .Ultimately最后;根本;基本上, the trend boils down to .Accordingly,.To worsen the problem, this behavior is evoking 引起.

In my point of view, we are in a prime time to curb the problem from deteriorating退化,恶化.First and foremost, the whole society should arrive at the consensus 一致;舆论;合意 that .Besides, an awarene意识,认识;明白,知道 of should be infused into everybody’s mind.(参见范文6)

Ø 功能III:阐述现象

这种类型的文章主要描述一些现象并具体分析解释现象的原因等。一般情况下三段的分布为:第一段描述图画内容,第二段分析该现象的原因、意义等,第三段总结观点、或提出建议。

6、文化交流类

模板1:

It is a very eye-catching 引人注目的;耀眼的;显著的photo in which .What makes this picture extraordinary非凡的;特别的;离奇的;临时的;特派的 is , which clearly indicates 表明.

The sense of that permeates 弥漫 this picture is representative of , that is,, and therefore, .China, in particular,.The effect of such communication can be best exemplified 例证;例示 by . While people belong to nations, cultures know no boundary.is not only featured by , but more importantly, by .I firmly believe that is contributing, and will contribute more to the world’s peace, development, and prosperity.(参见范文1)

模板2:

What is presented here is a very interesting scenario.方案;情节;剧本.From the subtitle we can infer that .Conspicuously 显著地,明显地;超群地,惹人注目地,.

We can deduce推论,推断;演绎出

网络释义┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈

from the picture that .It partly owes to , and partly to .Except the case reflected in the picture, there are numerous许多的,很多的 evidence 证据,证明;迹象;明显demonstrating .For example,.

From a personal point of view, I am delighted to witne目击;证明;为…作证 .To sum up,.As for China,.Therefore, I can firmly conclude that in the long run, cultural exchanges will contribute to a flourishing Chinese and global economy, as well as diversified多样化的;各种的 cultures.

(参见范文3)

7、教育类

模板1:

As the title indicates, “”, the set of pictures apparently reminds us that .It is discernable that .The drawing virtually reminds its audience a widespread phenomenon existing negatively in the area of basic education in China, that is, .That is to say,.Such a practice is very harmful in terms of the following aspects.Firstly,.Secondly,.Last but not the least,.

In my point of view,, but it is only part of the picture.On the other hand,.Therefore, it is an urgent task to .As children are the future of our nation, creating a good environment for their upbringing means creating a bright and promising future for our nation.

模板2:

The picture shows .symbolizes .As is quoted in the picture,.

It apparently mirrors an increasingly common social phenomenon in China—in contrast with .One the one hand, the problem partially attributes to .Sometimes .On the other hand,.For example,, while .

In my opinion, the government needs to launch a reform in the education system with measures that can show immediate effect.proves to be most beneficial to students.Further, a large-scale reform in the macroeconomic level to is the basic solution of this iue.(参见范文4)

9、家庭关系类

模板1:

The cartoon reveals a very thought-provoking scene.The artist purposefully exaggerates .This picture reveals the in-depth problem of .

In fact, .There are two reasons for this.The first and perhaps most important is that .The other reason is more serious from a practical point of view..It owes to .

In my point of view, the trend goes quite against the genuine and original purpose of our .What I want to emphasize by the above analysis is that, .Therefore, I strongly contend that .

模板2:

There is a popular Chinese song, named “”, which encourages .However, the in the picture does but for a very different reason—.From the facial expreion of we can read .

Sadly as it is, this phenomenon does not occur rarely in today’s society, for which are responsible.For one thing,.For another,.As a matter of fact, the boosting economic development in China sadly and ironically witnees a deterioration of .

The above analysis is best exemplified by .In my opinion, the awarene of is elementary for paving the way towards succe.(参见范文6)

10、社会热点类

模板1:

The two pictures illustrate vividly .In the left picture , while in the right .

From the two pictures we can sense a crazy tendency of .Aside from , another telling example is , which was so succeful in that.The pictures also make it obvious that we should.

Admittedly, it is natural that .Neverthele, it is the responsibility of our government and society to .In my opinion, what’s the more important is to .In short,.(参见范文1)

模板2:

It goes without saying that this picture aims at revealing a current problem:.In this drawing,.Even .

It seems to me that the artist is sending a meage about the importance of .Though the drawing is a little exaggerating, it is not rare for us to find in .If we let this situation of continues, it not only harms , but also prevents . Accordingly, we urgently call for .Though the government has already taken pains to implement regulations, it still failz to .In my opinion, this problem should be urgently solved so as to protect benefits.I expect the government will put forward more effective propositions as soon as poible.(参见范文5)

Ø 功能IV:对比论证

这类功能具体是针对那些要求比较不同事物或者同一事物的不同方面的文章。一般情况下三段的分布为:第一段描述图画内容、提出问题,第二段列举和分析对于该问题的不同看法和观点、进行对比和比较,第三段阐明自己的观点和看法。

模板1:

According to the two pictures presented, it can be observed that.In the left picture, .A the same time, as the right one shows.Different people have different views on .

Some people support by claiming that.In their opinion,.In addition,.Meanwhile, there are some people, especially young men, who .Their reasons are quite different, sometimes for, sometimes for, sometimes simply for.

In my point of view, both sides are partly right.To thoroughly analyze this problem, we should take into consideration of all relevant有关的;中肯的;有重大作用的 aspects 方面;相位;面貌, so as to make the right decision.Therefore, my conclusion would be that.

模板2:

From the drawing, we can learn that.It can be seen easily that..We can deduce from that people’s opinion on vary from person to person.

Some people take it for granted that.For example, they firmly believe that.But they often neglect that fact that .Yet there are also another group of people who hold a different point of view.They think that.Beside, .

Personally, my attitude for this matter is positive, with reasons as follows.Firstly, .Moreover, .Lastly, .Therefore, .

推荐第8篇:中考英语作文(加翻译)

My hometown Gaochun is an old and beautiful city.It used to be quiet place.There were green hills, fresh air and many old houses.However, the area has changed a lot over the years.Now there are many new squares, new roads and a lot of tall buildings.

我的家乡高淳是一个古老而美丽的城市。以前它是一个很安静的地方。有绿色的山,新鲜的空气和许多老房子。然而,这几年这里发生了很大的变化。如今有很多新广场,新道路和高楼大厦。

In the past, people could only go to there by bicycle or on foot.Many buses pa there now, people can take the taxi, car, bus, underground or light rail to Gaochun, and it is faster and easier to get there.The environment has also changed, too.The water is clearer, the tree is greener, and the air is fresher.We are happy to live in the beautiful city.

过去人们只能去骑自行车或者走路去那里。现在有很多公共汽车都到那,人们可以乘坐出租车,小车,公共汽车,地铁或轻轨到高淳。和以前相比现在去那儿更快更容易了。环境也发生了变化。水更清了,树更绿了,空气更清新了。住在这座美丽的城市我们都很高兴。

Different countries have different customs and different ways to celebrate festival.In our China, we have a variety of festivals, of which celebrating way is different.For example, we will eat mooncake in Mid-autumn Festival and have dragon boat races in the Dragon Boat Festival and eat zongzi.But in some extend, we celebrate all the festivals in the same way.Every family will have a big meal with their family.It is a time for family gathering.No matter what kind of celebrating way for a festival, it is the time to enjoy life.

不同的国家有不同的风俗习惯和不同的节日庆祝方式。在我们中国,我们有各种各样的节日,而庆祝它们的方式是不一样的。例如,我们会在中秋节吃月饼、在端午节赛龙舟、吃粽子。但从某种程度上说,我们都是以同样的方式来庆祝所有的节日。每家每户都会和家人一起吃大餐。这是属于家庭相聚的时间。无论用什么样的方式来庆祝,这都是享受生活的时刻。

There are always some debates on the importance of a name.Some people say the name is vital to a person because it can decide whether a person will be succeful or not in the future.Furthermore, a positive name can also promote a person\'s hardworking at study.

对于名字的重要性总是存在一些争论。有人说名字对一个人来说是很重要的,因为它可以决定一个人将来是否会成功。此外,积极的名字也可以促进一个人努力学习。

Whereas, some other people hold the opposite opinion that names do not matter.There are strings of reasons.To start with, whether the person is succeful or not is up to his own diligence; What\'s more, they are just names which can be easily changed.

然而,另一些人持相反的意见认为名字并不重要。原因有长长的一串。首先,一个人是否成功是靠他自己的勤奋;更重要的是,它只是名字 ,可以随便改的。

As far as I am concerned, names can not decide any things. 我觉得名字什么都不能决定。

Along with the advance of the society, more and more problems are brought to our attention, one of which is wasting food.As college students, we have the responsibility to do something for it.

随着社会的发展,越来越多的问题引起了我们的注意,其中一个就是浪费食物。作为大学生,我们有责任为它做点什么。

Wasting food is not only an immoral behavior, but also pollutes the environment.So, we should form good habit to solve this problem.We can start from small things, such as, don\'t order more food than we can eat, eat up all the food in the bowls and so on.At the same time, we shouldn\'t eat junk food but healthy food.It’s good for our health to have a balanced diet.In order to our healthy body, we had better eat in school or at home as soon as poible.

浪费食物不仅是一种不道德的行为,而且还会污染环境。因此,我们应该养成良好习惯来解决这个问题。我们可以从小事做起,例如,不点多于我们食量的食物,吃完碗里的食物等等。同时,我们也不应该吃垃圾食品而是应该吃健康的食物。保持饮食平衡对我们的健康是很有益的。为了我们的身体健康,我们最好尽量在学校或者家里吃。

Let\'s save food and Eat Healthily!

Travel is a good way to refresh and broaden our horizon.During your travel, you can turn off your cellphone and keep far from the Internet.You can forget your work, your study or your family, and just enjoy the leisure time.From the moment when you start your journey, all the trifles should be locked at your house.During the travel, you can kill your time slowly to have a good rest, and you can contact with different people.They may be a window for you to know a different world.Meet various people, experience things, which make your world bigger.You just clean up your entire mind and you can get the true meaning of travel.

旅行是消除疲劳开阔眼界的好方式。在旅行中,你可以关掉手机,远离网络,可以忘记你的工作、学习或家庭,只需静静地享受旅行的闲暇。从踏上旅程的那一刻起,所有的琐事都应该被紧锁在家里。旅行的时刻,你可以慢慢打发时间,好好休息,也可以和不同的人打交道,这些人可能是你开启另一个世界的窗口。遇见不同的人,经历不同的事,这都可以使你的世界更宽广。你只要清空思绪,就可得到旅行的真正意义。

As the deepening of globalization, English is increasingly important, especially for those who communicate with foreigners.For one thing, English is an eential tool to know the outside world.Nowadays, most information broadcast in English, especially the advanced information.For another, learning English well, we can see a totally different world.For example, we can read original novels or enjoying English movies better.Sometimes, translation may eliminate the eence of original languages.We even would develop a different way of thinking, the English way, so different from Chinese way.In short, as a communicating tool, English plays an important role in our lives.

随着全球化的不断加深,英语显得十分重要,特别是对于那些要与外国人交流的人来说。一方面,英语是了解外界的必备因素。当今世界,大多数信心的传递都是通过英语这种语言形式来实现的,特别是先进的信息。另外,学好英语,我们能看到一个全新不同的世界。例如,我们可以更好地欣赏原著小说或是英语电影。有的时候,翻译可能会使源语言的精华得不到很好的展现。我们甚至还能培养一种不同的思维方式,用英语的思维去思考问题,这与中文的思维方式是不同的。简单来说,英语作为一种交流工具,在我们的生中扮演了重要的角色。

Home is a warm noun, because it means a place full filled with love and support.Home is not just a place where we live in, but a place where families support each other and show their love to others.When we have something happy, we first want to bring them home and share the happinewith families.On the contrast, if we get into trouble, home is the first place where we look for support and comfort.In short, home is not just a house we live in; moreover, it\'s our home of spirit.

家——这是一个温暖的名词,它代表一个充满爱和支持的地方。家不仅是我们居住的地方,而是家人互相支持互相爱护的地方。当我们有开心的事,最先想到的就是带回家,与家人分享。相反,当我们遭遇挫折,最先想到的也是寻求家人的支持和安慰。总之,家不仅是居住的房子,也是灵魂的栖息所。

We had English final exam yesterday.I feel very sad now because I think I didn’t do well in the exam.Firstly, just a moment ago I realized that my composition in the exam stayed from the point, because I misunderstood the meaning of Green Campus.I thought Green Campus is only the color of the campus.So I totally got away from the point.In addition, time was not enough for me.Eventually, I wrote some answers on the answer sheet without thinking.Thus I’m afraid I can’t pa the exam.I am now very anxious.

我们昨天英语期末考试。我感到很伤心,因为我觉得我没把试考好。首先,不久前我才发现我把作文写离题了,因为我把绿色校园的意思理解错了。我以为绿色校园是指校园的颜色。所以我离题了。此外,时间对我来说也是不够的。最终,有些题目我都没看就直接写答案上去了。所以我怕我会考试不及格。我现在很担心。

What is the definition of succe? I believe different people will have different opinions about it.If anyone asks me what is succe for me, I will tell him progre is succe for me.I can have small goal or great aim in my whole life.If the goal what I set is too large for me, I will not taste the feeling of succe.Or I always set small goals, so I will feel succe all the time, which may make me become autophilia and without ambitions.Therefore, I think if I can be better than yesterday or last time, then I am succeful.

成功的定义是什么?我相信不同的人会有不同的看法。如果有人问我对我来说成功是什么,我会告诉他进步就是成功。在我的一生中我可以设定很多小的或者大的目标。如果我定的目标对我来说太大了,我就尝不到成功的滋味。或者我设的目标太小了,这样我一直都会处于成功中,这也许会使我变得自恋没有雄心壮志。因此,我觉得要是我能够比昨天或者上一次好,这样我就算成功了。

I’m a middle school student.I love English, but it’s hard for me.Now I have a good plan to learn English.

我是一名中学生。我喜欢英语,但是对我来说却很难。现在我有一个很好的英语学习计划。

I have a pronunciation problem.I can’t pronounce so well.So I plan to listen to the tape and read after it.I can’t read English paages quickly and can’t write a paage clearly.Now I plan to read more and practice writing often.As for listening, sometimes I can’t understand what others are saying.So I plan to improve myself by listening to the radio and TV.Grammar is the most difficult for me.I have no idea of it, but I think my English teacher can help me with it.

我的发音有点问题。我发音不好。所以我打算听磁带并跟读。我不能快速地阅读英语文章,也不能清清楚楚地写文章。现在我计划看多些书,经常练习写作。至于听力,有时候我无法理解其他人在说什么。所以我打算通过听收音机和电视来提高我自己。对我来说语法是最难的。我都不知道怎么办,不过我觉得我的英语老师能够帮助我。

With this English-learning plan, I’m hoping for great progre. 有了这个英语学习计划,我希望能取得很大的进步。

How time flies! It has been three years since I came to the school.My school is beautiful and there are many beautiful flowers and trees.The teachers are so kind though there is always too much homework.My clamates are all very friendly to each other.We always help each other.I have learned a lot from them and made a lot of friends.I enjoy my school life.However, I don\'t do well in math.I’ll try my best to study math during the summer holidays.Now I\'m going to say goodbye to my teachers and clamates.I\'ll mi my school life.

时间过得真快!我来到这个学校已经三年了。我的学校很美,有很多美丽的花和树。虽然老师总是布置很多的作业,但他们还是很好的。我的同学也都很友好。我们总是互相帮助。我从中学到了很多东西,交了很多朋友。我喜欢我的学校生活。但是,我数学学得不好。我会努力在暑假期间好好学数学的。现在我要跟我的老师和同学们说再见了。我会想念我的学校生活的。

Each of us should stay healthy, which is the foundation of our activities.Here are some ways to stay healthy.

我们每个人都应该保持健康,因为健康是我们活动的基础。这里有一些保持健康的方法。

First, we should spend one to two hours a day in regular exercise; try to walk instead of ride.Second, we should eat some healthy foods such as vegetables, fruits and so on.They are able to help us maintain a healthy body.When we are in trouble, try to relax our mood, listen to the soft music.It also enables us to maintain a good health.Finally there is a good sleep can also aure us a healthy body.We should sleep seven to eight hours a day to maintain adequate sleep.If we can do follow these advice, I believe we can have a healthy body, a better life.

首先,我们应该花一到两个小时来做定时锻炼;尽量步行来代替乘车。第二,我们应该多吃一些健康的食品,如蔬菜,水果等。它们能够帮助我们保持健康的身体。当我们遇到麻烦时,尽量放松心情,听听柔和的音乐。这也能让我们保持良好的健康。最后,良好的睡眠也能保证我们有一个健康的身体。我们应该睡七到八小时来保持充足的睡眠。如果我们能够遵循这些建议,我相信我们能够有一个健康的身体,更好的生活。

One way to get around in big cities like Beijing and Shanghai is to take a taxi, but it’s too expensive.Many people like to go out by subway or light rail.They are very fast and convenient.Now they are becoming more and more popular.Buses are cheap, but they are very slow in rush hours.

在像北京和上海这样的大城市中坐出租车是到处走走的一种方式,但是太贵了。许多人都喜欢乘地铁或轻轨。地铁和轻轨是非常快和方便的。而且现在他们也变得越来越受欢迎。公共汽车是便宜的,但是在高峰期走得很慢。

If you want to see a city well, you can go out by bike.However, most people prefer to get around in a downtown area on foot, because it’s good for health.

如果你想好好看看一个城市,你可以骑着自行车。然而,大多数人更喜欢徒步去市中心,因为对健康有好处。

A Dragon boat race is a traditional amusement activity in dragon boat festival.Today, my mother took me out to watch dragon boat races.I was very excited, because this was my first time to watch such race.When we arrived at Nanhu Park, there were hundreds of people around the two sides of the river.We found a place can see the match clearly hardly.The participate sat on the boat look like dragon.When the signal to start set, everyone on the boat tried their best to make the boat forward.And the people who were watching also cheered them.The air was very lively.

龙舟比赛是端午节的传统娱乐活动。今天,我妈妈带我出去看龙舟比赛。我很兴奋,因为这是我第一次去看这样的比赛。我们来到南湖公园的时候,那里有成百上千的人在河的两边。我们好不容易找到一个可以清楚看到比赛的地方。参赛者都坐在像龙一样的船里面。当开始的信号发出的时候,每个人都努力使他们的船前进。观众们也为他们加油打气。气氛很热闹。

Mother’s Day is coming, and I even want to say, “My mum is the most beautiful woman in the world.”

母亲节就要到来了,我想说,“我的妈妈是世界上最美丽的女人。”

I still remember the day I bought a bunch of carnation for my mum.I will never forget the smile when she accepted the flowers.That Mother’s Day was wonderful.We had a small cake, a warm talk.

我还记得那一天我买了一束康乃馨给我妈妈。我永远都不会忘记她接过花时的微笑。母亲节是非常美好的。我们一起吃了一个小小的蛋糕,温馨地谈话。

I consider mum as the most important person in a family.My mum is a great, great mum.I love her.I wish her happy not only on the Mother’s Day.More importantly, I wish her always happy and healthy.

我觉得妈妈是家庭中最重要的人。我的妈妈是很伟大的。我爱她。我希望她快乐,不仅仅只是在母亲节。更重要的是,我希望她永远健康快乐。

Mother’s Day is coming.I decide to do something special for my mum.Thanks all mothers in the world.Happy Mother’s Day.

母亲节就要来临了。我想为我妈妈做一些特别的事。谢谢世界上所有的母亲。祝您母亲节快乐。

Different people have different dreams.Some people dream of making a lot of money.Some people dream of living a happy life.Some people dream of being famous.Some people dream of going abroad, and so on.But my dream is different.Maybe you will get a surprise after you know my dream.

不同的人有不同的梦想。有些人梦想赚很多的钱。有些人梦想过上幸福的生活。有些人梦想能够出名。有些人梦想能够出国等等。但我的梦想是和他们不一样的。知道我的梦想后也许你会很惊讶。

I have a wonderful dream in my heart.It\'s to speak English very well.Since English is everything for me.English is my best friend.English is my soul.English is my power.Without English, I\'m nothing at all.Nothing.Now, I can think in English, speak in English, and write in English.Some people think I\'m an Indian.Some people regard I\'m a Pakistan.And some people even consider that I\'m an Egyptian.But if I could speak English as good as an American, my future would be brilliant.So I work very hard.

在我心中有一个美丽的梦想。那就是说一口流利的英语。因为对我来说英语就是我的一切。英语是我最好的朋友。英语是我的灵魂。英语给予我力量。没有英语,我什么都没有。什么都没有。现在,我可以用英语的方式思考,用英语说话,用英语书写。有些人以为我是印第安人。有些人以为我是巴基斯坦人。有些人甚至认为我是埃及人。但如果我能说英语能像美国人说的那么好,我的未来会很美好。所以我很努力学习。

Different countries have different teaching aims and teaching ways.It’s well-known that Chinese education is exam-oriented education in the past.Obviously, exam-oriented education has some disadvantages, like the disconnection between theory and practice that renders students with high scores have low abilities.So, our country decide to change exam-oriented education to quality education.Quality education is focus on the development in an all-around way.Under this kind of education system, students will study easier and get improvement for all sides.

不同的国家有不同的教学目标和教学方法。众所周知,过去中国的教育是应试教育。显然,应试教育存在一些弊端,如理论和实际脱节,使学生高分低能。因此,我国决定把应试教育转向素质教育。素质教育是以全面发展为重点。在这样的教育体制下,学生学习将会更轻松,方方面面都会得到提高。

My grandmother is a kind-heart granny who is popular among my neighbors.She takes a walk outside every day, so she is familiar with many people.She is so experienced in looking after babies, so some young mothers who have problems would like to ask her for help.My grandmother is always ready to help them.My grandmother loves me very much.She takes care of me since I was a little baby.I have always been taking care of by her, so that I don’t have to worry my life at all.I am so happy to have such a great granny.Now, she is getting old and I want to be the one who can look after her.

我的奶奶是一位很慈祥的老人,她很受我们的邻居欢迎。她每天都要外出散步,所以熟悉很多周围的人。她照顾宝宝的经验很丰富,因此有的年轻妈妈有了问题都喜欢向她寻求帮助,奶奶也很乐意帮助他们。我的奶奶很爱我,从我还是个小宝宝的时候,她就开始照顾我了。我总是被她照顾得很好,所以我一点也不需要担心自己的生活。有一个这么棒的奶奶,我感到很幸福。现在,她慢慢地变老了,我想自己能成为那个可以好好照顾她的人。

Reading is my hobby.While reading, I can get a lot of happine.When I\'m free, I often read some famous books.Books are my best friends that always keep me a good company.They often give me powers.Through reading, I can enlarge my eyes as well as widen my heart.Through reading, I become more and more knowledgeable.读书是我的爱好。读书时,我可以得到很多的快乐。当我有空时,我经常读一些名著。书是我最好的朋友,它们总是好好陪着我。他们给了我力量。通过阅读,我开阔了视野也让我的心变宽了。通过阅读,我变得越来越知识渊博。 My favorite books are Readers and VOA.Readers cover the knowledge of culture, literature, and history, so I can benefit a lot by reading it.VOA can let me know the foreign countries better.Thanks to VOA, my oral English is improving day by day.我最喜欢的书是读者和美国之音。读者覆盖了文化,文学,历史知识,所以我可以通过阅读受益匪浅。美国之音,可以让我更好的了解国外。由于美国之音,我的英语口语日益提高了。

This is my good habit that I will keep it forever.这是我会一生都保持的好习惯。

Most people in China like playing sports, because it’s a good way to keep healthy. 大多数中国人喜欢运动,因为它是保持健康的一种好方法。

In big cities, people play many kinds of sports.The old people always get up early to play Talchi or go for a walk.The middle-aged people often dance together in squares in the

evening, which has become a tradition.While the young like going swimming in summer and go skating in winter.

在大城市里面,人们参加各种各样的运动。老人总是早起去打太极或者散步。中年人晚上经常在广场一起跳舞,这已经成为传统了。而年轻人则在夏天去游泳,在冬天溜冰。

What’s more, there are some other popular sports in China, such as table tennis, football, basketball, volleyball, badminton and so on..What is your favorite sport? Can you tell me?

更重要的是,在中国还有一些其它受欢迎的体育运动,如乒乓球,足球,篮球,排球,羽毛球等等。你能不能告诉我你最喜欢的是哪种运动?

I have some suggestions for you.Please remember.If you can do the following points, you dream will come true one day.First, plant your dream in a fertilized soil.Second, water it with your diligence and give it the best food—knowledge.Third, remove the seeds of unhappine, for they can destroy your dream.What\'s more, let the seed of your dream enjoy the beautiful sunshine, so that it can grow well, but protect it from being damaged by the heavy storm.And however hard the situation is, don\'t give it up and always give it your best care.Then you will get a good harvest in the end.

我有一些建议给你。请记住。如果你能做到以下几点,总有一天你的梦想会成真。首先,在肥沃的土地种植你的梦想。第二,用勤奋来灌溉它并给予它最好的食品——知识。第三,消除不快乐的种子,因为他们可以摧毁你的梦想。更重要的是,让你梦想的种子享受美丽的阳光,以便它可以生长得很好,但要保护它被暴风雨损坏。不管条件多么艰难,不要放弃,总是给他你最好的护理。最终你会得到一个好收成。

No matter when and where, in no circumstances can we deny the great importance of manners.

无论何时何地,我们都不会否认礼貌的重要性。

Firstly, a person with good manners is often considered to be more trustworthy and easygoing, which helps him make more friends and get needed help from others.Besides, people are more willing to show their respect to the polite people and cooperate with them, bringing them many opportunities to change.Still most importantly, being polite helps reduce misunderstanding between people, contributing to a harmonious and enjoyable relationships.

首先,一个有礼貌的人往往被认为是更值得信赖、更随和的,这有助于他结交到更多的朋友,得到别人的帮助。此外,人们更愿意尊重有礼貌的人,与他们合作,这会为他们带

来很可以改变的机会。还有最重要的是,礼貌有助于减少人们之间的误解,促进和谐、愉快的关系。

Time waits for no one.If it flows away, it will never come to us again.We can\'t take charge of our time but we should know the importance of time and cherish time.

时间不等人。如果它流逝了,它就永远不会再回来。我们不能控制时间,但我们应该知道时间的重要性并珍惜时间。

Yesterday has become the history.Nothing we can do to save it.Tomorrow is not within our reach.We don’t know what will happen tomorrow.So the only thing we can do is to cherish what we have today and fight for tomorrow.Victory only belongs to those who work very hard! Therefore, we should make full use of today, fighting for what we want.

昨天已成为历史。我们不能做什么来挽救它。明天不是我们力所能及的。我们不知道明天会发生什么。所以我们唯一能做的就是珍惜今天,为明天而战。胜利只属于那些努力的人!因此,今天我们应该充分利用今天,争取我们想要的东西。

Water is the basis of life.Animals and plants need water.So do we.Without food, we can live for a week, but we can\'t live for three days without water.

水是生命的源泉。动物和植物都需要水。我们也一样。没有食物,我们可以活一个星期,但没有水我们不能活三天。

Water also plays an important part in our daily life, because we have to clean our teeth, wash our faces and take a shower every day.In addition, water is needed in cooking as well.

水在我们的日常生活中也扮演着重要的角色,因为我们每天要刷牙,洗脸,都洗澡。而且,做饭的时候也需要水。

Even though our earth is rich in water resource, there are still many places lack of water, because of the water pollution.It\'s a great pity that few people have realized the importance of water protection.If we continue to pollute the water, we will have no water to drink and die of thirst.So we must cherish the water resource.

尽管我们地球的水资源丰富,但由于水污染仍有许多地方缺水。遗憾的是很少有人认识到保护水的重要性。如果我们继续污染水资源,我们就会没有水喝,会渴死。所以我们必须珍惜水资源。

Early rising

Early rising is a good habit for everyone.It is good for us in many ways。

Firstly, it helps to keep us healthy.We can breathe the fresh air in the morning.It\'s fun for us to take a walk along the street。

Secondly, early rising helps us with our studies.W hen we get up very early in the morning, everything around us is quiet.In the morning we learn more quickly and memorize what we learn easily。

Thirdly, early rising gives us enough time to get ready for our work, such as to wash our hands and faces and eat breakfast properly。

推荐第9篇:英语吃饭邀请函

请吃饭英文邀请函 dear uncle yang, i would like to invite you to the international food festival in our school on sunday,june 15th.our students will sell many delicious foods. hope to see you then! sincerely, mary ·婚礼邀请函 ·宴会邀请函 ·讲座邀请函 ·投标邀请函

·校庆邀请函 ·生日邀请函 ·活动邀请函 ·英文邀请函篇2:英文 邀请函 请给史密斯夫妇写一封邀请他们到你家吃饭的 邀请函,时间定于2005年1月15日(星期六)晚七时:告诉他们你非常希望他们光临,并请对方给你回信。 dear mr.and mrs.smith mary my daughter is now eight years old and she have made a lot of friends of like age since we migrated to the estate here.i am sure she will want to tell a lot of her stories when she see you both.and right now she just want me to remind you that there are swimming pool and spa facilities aociated with the estate, therefore it would be good if you like, please bring along the swimming suits, it only take five minutes walk from my house to the facilities so it is very convenient. i am sure the above invitation would have interested you, and just to make sure things will happen as expected please kindly reply to this letter and upon then i will arrange things accordingly.look forward to see you by then. my best wishes to you and your family . yours sincerely, li ming english teacher .篇3:英文邀请函范文(收藏) 1.邀请朋友共进午餐 inviting a friend to informal luncheon dear [zhang ying]: affectionately yours, li ming 亲爱的[张营]: 您能在[5月5日星期五中午12点钟] 来吃午饭吗? 我侄女[玛丽]正在我们家中作客,我想您会乐于见到她的。她是个漂亮而聪明的女孩子,……同她在一起是很使人高兴的![约翰和简]也到这里来,也许在饭后我们能[开个舞会],说好,一定得来呀! 2.邀请朋友同他们不认识的人一起共进晚餐 inviting friends to supper with the strangersdear [susan]: we’re planning supper at six; that will give us a nice long evening to talk.if i don’t hear from you before then, i’ll be expecting you on the [twelfth]! affectionately yours, li ming 亲爱的[苏珊]: 我知道您对[油画]是有兴趣的,所以我相信您对林顿夫妇也会感兴趣。他们将在[10月12日(下星期日)]来吃饭,我们很希望您和瓦尔特也能同来。 [林顿夫妇]是那么好的一对夫妻。我们是去年夏天在[伦敦]认识的。他们集有[各个不同时期精美的油画作品]。我知道,林顿先生在研究[油画]方面是颇有权威的。我深信,那天晚上您和瓦尔特同他们在一起,一定会很愉快。

我们准备在6点钟吃晚饭,这样就能有较长的时间闲谈。如果事前接不到您的回信,我就指望你们那天到来。

3.邀请参加新厂开工典礼 invitation to opening ceremony of new factory dear [mr.harrison]: [you and your wife] to be present at a celebration to mark the occasion. please confirm that you will be able to attend by advising us of your time —— we can arrange for you to be met.all arrangements for your stay [overnight on april 10] will, of course, be made by us at our expense. yours faithfully, 亲爱的[哈里森先生]: 本公司新厂将于[4月10日]开始投产,希望能邀请[贤伉俪]来参加新厂开工典礼。如您所知,新厂的设立是本公司的一个里程碑,而这正是海内外对本公司产品不断需求的结果。我们邀请了所有对本公司的成功贡献一切力量的个人,我们相信,您一定会赏光。 如您确能参加,请来函告知您抵达的时间 —— 以便我们为您安排会晤。当然,所有安排您在[10日晚间]夜宿的费用,皆将由公司代您支付。

4.邀请来家中小住及周末聚会 an invitation for a house and weekend party dear [jane]: there’s a very good train [friday night]; i’ve marked it in red on the timetable.it gets you here about [seven-thirty] which is just in time for dinner.you can get a late train back [sunday night], or there’s an early expre that [bob] usually takes on [monday morning]. affectionately yours, 亲爱的[简]: 如果您[7月24日]没有什么活动安排,我希望[您和弗雷德]能同我们一起在[远庄园]共度周末,那里已经鲜花遍地,现正在最美丽的时节。

我想,今年我们能让[弗雷德]钓鱼钓得更快活。鱼儿比过去任何时候都爱上钓鱼。请把钓鱼的服装带来,也别忘记带上打网球的用具,因为我们还邀约了[欧文]夫妇,我想,你们是乐意同他们打网球的。

[星期五晚上]有一班舒适的火车,我已经在火车时刻表上做了红色记号,火车大约在[7点半钟]把你们送到这里,正是吃晚饭时间。[星期日晚上]你们可以乘晚车回来。或者,在[星期一早晨]也有一班快车,就是[鲍勃]常坐的那一班车。

我们希望没有什么事情会阻碍你们,我们在等待着你们光临……我知道[欧文夫妇]好盼望再次见到你们。准备乘哪一班火车,请一定告诉我们,好让[鲍勃]到车站迎接你们。 5.邀请参加招待会 an invitation for a reception dear [mr.smith]: it would give [me/us] great pleasure to have your presence at a reception in honor of the chinese delegation. the reception will be held in the [the city hall], on [tuesday, october the fourth].cocktails will be served promptly at [six] to be followed b dinner at [eight]. [i/we] sincerely hope you can attend.let [me/us] know. sincerely yours 亲爱的[史密斯先生]: 如您能够出席为[中国代表团]而举行的招待会,[我(们)]将感到十分荣幸。

招待会定于[10月4日(星期二)]在[市政厅]举行。[6点钟]准时举行[鸡犬不宁尾酒会], 随之在[8点钟]举行[正式的晚宴]。

[我(们)]期待着您的光临。请提前通知您能否出席。 6.邀请演讲 inviting someone to addre a meeting dear [dr.rodger]: [the english department of nankai university] would like to extend to you an invitation to be our guest speaker at the [annual conference] to be held at the [meeting room] at [eight] o’clock, [saturday morning, december the thirtieth, 1993]. as you know, the department is interested in [the 20th century english literature] since you are familiar with the field, we know your views will be extremely interesting to us. cordially, [南开大学外文系]特邀请您出席[1993年12月30日(星期六)早八点在(系会议室)]召开的

[学术年会]并作演讲。

正如您所了解的,[南大外文系]对[20世纪的英国文学颇感兴趣]。您对此领域很熟悉,您的见解定会给我们带来很大的兴趣。

我们将随后把有关细节通知您,但恳请您尽快予以答复,以便作出安排。

摘要:邀请信包括宴会、舞会、晚餐、聚会、婚礼等各种邀请信件,形式上大体分为两种:一种为正规的格式 (formal correspondence),亦称请柬;一种是非正式格式 (informal correspondence), 即一般的邀请信。邀请信是在形式上不如请柬那样正规,但也是很考究。 邀请信包括宴会、舞会、晚餐、聚会、婚礼等各种邀请信件,形式上大体分为两种:一种为正规的格式 (formal correspondence),亦称请柬;一种是非正式格式 (informal correspondence), 即一般的邀请信。邀请信是在形式上不如请柬那样正规,但也是很考究。书写时应注意: 1.邀请朋友共进午餐 inviting a friend to informal luncheon dear [zhang ying]: affectionately yours, li ming 亲爱的[张营]: 您能在[5月5日星期五中午12点钟] 来吃午饭吗? 我侄女[玛丽]正在我们家中作客,我想您会乐于见到她的。她是个漂亮而聪明的女孩子,……同她在一起是很使人高兴的![约翰和简]也到这里来,也许在饭后我们能[开个舞会],说好,一定得来呀! 2.邀请朋友同他们不认识的人一起共进晚餐 inviting friends to supper with the strangersdear [susan]: we’re planning supper at six; that will give us a nice long evening to talk.if i don’t hear from you before then, i’ll be expecting you on the [twelfth]! affectionately yours, li ming 亲爱的[苏珊]: 我知道您对[油画]是有兴趣的,所以我相信您对林顿夫妇也会感兴趣。他们将在[10月12日(下星期日)]来吃饭,我们很希望您和瓦尔特也能同来。

推荐第10篇:冰雪奇缘 英语台词加翻译

Elsa.Pt!

喂 艾尔莎

Elsa

艾尔莎

Wake up.wake up.wake up.醒醒 醒醒 快醒醒

Anna,go back to sleep.

I just can't .The sky's awake,so I'm awake, 我就是睡不着 天上有光 我就是睡不着 So we have to play.

所以起来玩吧

Go play by yourself.

你自己去玩吧

Do you want to build a snowman? 快来陪我堆雪人嘛

Come on,come on,come on,come on.快来 快来 快来 快来

Do the magic!Do the magic!

快用魔法 快用魔法

Ready?

准备好了吗

This is amazing!

太神奇了

Watch this!

看这个

Hi,I'm Olaf and I like warm hugs.你好 我叫奥洛夫 我喜欢热情的拥抱 I love you,Olaf.

我喜欢你 奥洛夫

Hang on .-Catch me!-Gotcha!

-等等-接住我-接住你了

Again!-Wait!

-再来一次 –等等

Slow down!

慢点儿

Anna!

安娜

Anna?

安娜

Mama!papa!

妈妈 爸爸

You're okay,Anna.I got you.

我会保护你的

Elsa,what have done?This is getting out of hand!

艾尔莎 你干了什么 太过分了

It was an accident.I am sorry,Anna.

这是个意外 我很抱歉 安娜

She's ice cold.

她像冰一样冰冷

I known where we have to go.

- -我知道该去哪儿

Ice?

Faster,Sven chan

再快点 斯温!

Sven!

斯温

Please…Help!

请帮帮我

My daughter!

我女儿她

He is the king!

是国王

Trolls…?

地精

Shush.I′m trying to listen.

安静 我正听着呢

Cuties,I′m gonna keep you.

小可爱们,我要把你们都留下

Your Majesty!

国王陛下

Born with the powers or cursed?

是生来就有还是中了恶咒

Born.And they′re getting stronger.

生来就有 而且法力越来越强了

You are lucky it wasn′t her heart.

幸好伤到的不是她的心

The heart is not so easily changed,

心不容易恢复

But the head can be persuaded.

头却不难治好

Do you what you must

请你尽力

I recommend we remove all magic

我建议抹去所有和魔法有关的东西

even memories of magic to be safe…

为了保险 有魔法的记忆都不要留‘

But don′t worry,I′ll leave the fun.

但是别担心 快乐的记忆还在

She will be okay.

她会没事的

But she won't remember I have powers?

她不会记得我的魔法吗

-It's for the best.-Listen to me,Elsa,

-安全起见—听我说 艾尔莎

Your power is only grow.

你的魔法只会日益渐增

There is beauty in it…

虽然是美好的

But also great danger.

但也有危险

You must learn to control it.

你必须学会控制

Fear is your enemy.

恐惧是你的敌人

No,We'llprotect her.She can learn to control it.I′m sure.不 我们会保护她 她肯定能学会控制

Until then,

不过现在’

We′ll lock the gates,we′ll reduce the staff.

还是关上城门 遣散仆人

We′ll limit her contact with people.

尽量减少她与外人的接触

and keep her powers hidden from everyone…

防止别人知道她的魔法、

including Anna

包括安娜

Elsa?

艾尔莎

Do you want to build a snowman?

快来陪我堆雪人嘛

Come on and Let ′s go and play

我们一起出去玩吧

I never see you anymore.Come out the door.

我再也没见到你 快出来呀

It′s like you′ve gone away.

你好像离开我了

We used to be best buddies.

我们曾是好伙伴

And now we′re not.I wish you would tell me why

现在你却不理我 快告诉我为什么

Do you want to build a snowman?

快来陪我堆雪人嘛

It doesn′t have to bea snowman

不堆雪人也可以

Go away,Anna

走吧 安娜

Okay bye

好吧 再见

The gloves will help.See…

带着手套会有帮助

-Conceal it.-Don′t feel it.

-封闭起来-不要去感受

Don′t Let it show.

别让人看清

Do you want to build a snowman?

快来陪我堆雪人嘛

Or ride our bike around the hall.

或是骑车绕大厅跑

I think some company is overdue.

好久没人陪我玩

I′ve started talking to the pictures on the walls.我都只能对画唱歌了

Hang in there,Joan.

撑住 贞德

It gets a little lonely all these empty rooms.房间这么空 内心 好孤单

Just watching the hours tick by

看时光滴答流逝

I′m scared.It′s getting stronger.

我很害怕 魔法越来越强了

Getting upset only makes it worse.

害怕只会越来越糟

Calm down

冷静下来

NO.Don′t touch me.Please.I don′t want to hurt you.不 别碰我求你了 我不想伤害你

第11篇:高一英语周记加翻译

写英语周记是为了提升我们的写作和阅读能力,本文为大家整理了高一英语周记加翻译,仅供参考!

高一英语周记加翻译一

I have many hobbies, such as sports, singing, playing the violin and keeping a diary.In school, I often hear the P.E.teacher say, sports do good to one`s health, and will make one live longer.So, I like sports very much.I go running at five o`clock in the morning, and after claes in the afternoon.I play pingpong with my friends.These sports have kept me healthy.

At home, I like to sing and play the violin.I hope I will be a singer and a violinist① when I grow up.In order to attain these goals②,I go to the teacher`s home for a leon every Saturday, and practise singing and playing the violin every day.Busy as I am, I am quite happy.

Of all my hobbies I like reading books best.In my bedroom there are nearly six hundred books.There are story books, textbooks, magazines, and others.When I grow up, I will serve the people with the knowledge I have learned from them

翻译

我有很多爱好,比如运动、唱歌、拉小提琴和写日记。

在学校里,我经常听到体育老师说,运动有益于健康,使人长寿。所以,我非常喜欢体育运动。我早上五点跑步,下午放学后跑步。我和朋友们打乒乓球。这些运动使我保持健康。

在家里,我喜欢唱歌和拉小提琴。我希望我长大后能成为一名歌手和小提琴手。为了达到这些目标,我每星期六都去老师家上课,每天练习唱歌和拉小提琴。虽然我很忙,但我很快乐。

在我所有的爱好中,我最喜欢读书。在我的卧室里有将近六百本书。有故事书、教科书、杂志等。当我长大了,我会用我从他们身上学到的知识为人民服务。

高一英语周记加翻译二

When I was in grade four in primary school, my father taught me how to use computer.After that, I was very interested in playing computer.I watched movies, played computer games, searched the Internet and listened to the music on computer.Because my father must work in his computer, so he bought another for me.I was very happy that I had my own computer.It was put in the study.I am always very careful to use my computer, because I am worried I would break.I often chat with my net friends.Because of my computer, I make many friends who have many in common.Of course, I use my computer in study.There are resources on the Internet.I can learn more after cla.It does great help to me.

翻译

我小学四年级的时候我的父亲就教我如何使用电脑了。从那以后,我对玩电脑就很感兴趣。我用电脑看电影,玩游戏,上网和听音乐。因为我爸爸要用这台电脑工作他就给我买了另外一台。我很高兴我拥有属于自己的电脑了。电脑放在书房里,我总是很小心地使用它因为我担心它会坏掉。

我经常和网友聊天。因为有了电脑,我结交了很多有共同爱好的朋友。当然,我也用电脑来学习。网上有很多的资源,课后我可以学到很多东西。电脑确实帮助了我很多。

高一英语周记加翻译三

Hello,everyone!It\'s really my honor to have this chance to introduce my hobby at there.I\'m very happy.My best hobby is basketball.I like it very much.When I was a little boy,my father taught me how to play basketball.And basketball taught me how to become a real man.When I play basketball,I always told myself I must be stronger,taller,faster.I always try my best in every match,and I never give up even though the match just left 1 seconds.And basketball is a team sport.So from it,I made many friends.I know what is teamwork,and teamwork is very important to everyone.When I won a match,I was very happy.

And it makes me confident.Basketball makes me stronger,faster,taller and more confident.I love this game!I like basketball!

翻译

大家好!这真是我的荣幸有这个机会在这里介绍我的爱好。我很高兴。我最大的爱好是打篮球,我非常喜欢它,当我还是个小男孩的时候,我的父亲教我如何打篮球,篮球教我如何成为一个真正的男人。当我打篮球,我总是告诉自己,我必须坚强,更高、更快。我一直努力在每一场比赛中,我从未放弃,即使比赛只剩下1秒。

篮球是一项团队运动,因此,我交了很多朋友,我知道什么是团队合作,团队合作对每个人都很重要。当我赢了一场比赛,我很开心,这让我很自信,篮球让我更强壮,更快,更高,更有自信!我喜欢篮球!

第12篇:考研英语从句翻译加语法

从句翻译

状语从句翻译方法

一、将表示目的的从句前置

For example, a film can slow down the formation of crystals so that students can study the proce.

分析:原句中由so that引导的目的状语从句在译文中放到了主句之前。

参考译文:例如,为了能让学生研究这一过程,电影可以放慢演示晶体的形成过程。

二、表示目的的从句后置

The saddles are either further fixed so that the cables may slide over them, rmounted on rollers so that they move with any movement of the cables.

分析:句中有两个目的状语从句,在翻译时,并未直接翻译成为了„,而是译为这样„,更能让人接受。

参考译文:鞍座可以是固定的,这样钢缆可以在它上面滑动,也可以安装在滚柱上,这样鞍座就会随钢缆的移动而移动。

While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.(1999年)

结构分析:句子的框架是While there are almost as many„as there are historians,modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as„.while引导让步状语从句,翻译时可译为尽管„但是„.as引导一个比较状语从句。主句中包含一个由关系代词that引导的定语从句,修饰one.one指代definition.definition意为定义,界定;modern practice在此意为现代史学实践;conform to原意为遵照,顺从,在此译为趋向于认为。

参考译文:几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定,但现代史学家的实践最趋向于认为历史学是试图重现过去的重大史实并对其做出解释。

让步状语从句翻译方法

一、译成表示让步的分句,如虽然„但是„,尽管„等。

Although humans are the most intelligent creature on earth,anything humans can do, Nature has already done better and in far, far le space.

分析:although引导的让步状语从句译成虽然„但„。

参考译文:虽然人类是地球上最聪明的生物,人能创造一切,但大自然更富于创造性,早已创造出比人类创造的更好更小巧的东西。

二、译成条件句

由no matter引导的从句可以译为以不论,不管,无论等做关联词的条件分句。例如:

No matter how carefully you move your hand toward a fly, the insect will dart off almost every time.

参考译文:不管你多么小心翼翼地把手伸向一只苍蝇,差不多每次它都飞走。

非限制性定语从句翻译方法

非限制性定语从句和它的先行词之间只有比较松散的关系,对先行词不起限定的作用。就其意义来说,在句中有时相当于一个并列分句。翻译此类句子,一般可采用以下方法:

一、译成独立句

一般来说,非限制性定语从句较少译成带的的定语词组。在翻译成汉语时可以将从句与主句分译,独立成句。

Attending services at the Cathedral of Pisa, he found himself watching a swinging chandelier, which air currents shifted now in wide arcs, now in small ones.

分析:定语从句被翻译为后置的并列分句,用人称代词它代替先行词吊架灯。

参考译文:一次在比萨大教堂做礼拜时,他发现自己正看着一个吊灯架,它随着气流时而划一个大弧,时而划一个小弧。

二、断开法

我们同样可以用括号或破折号将非限制性从句和主句断开。

从句翻译

All commercial communication satellites, which began to be launched in1965, are now designed for use in geosynchronous orbits(地球同步轨道)。

参考译文:所有商业性通讯卫星(1965年开始发射)现在都设计用于地球同步轨道。

三、翻译成有状语职能的句子

非限制性定语从句在语义上有时起状语分句的作用,表示原因、目的、结果、条件、让步等意义。因此可将此类从句译为相应的状语分句。

Rockets perform best in space, where there is no atmosphere to impede their motion.

分析:在语义上,定语从句与主句的关系为因果关系,因此我们将定语从句译成原因状语从句。

参考译文:火箭在太空中运行最佳,因为在那儿不存在阻碍他们运动的大气。

条件状语从句翻译方法

条件状语从句可相应译成表示条件或表示假设的分句,例如翻译成:如果、要是等引导的分句。

Sometimes this fall, if all goes well, a revolutionary new undersea veel will be lowered gently into the waters of Monterey Bay for its maiden voyage.

分析:if引导的条件状语从句插在主句的中间,翻译时也做了同样的处理。

参考译文:今年秋天,如果一切顺利的话,一只革命性新潜艇将轻轻在蒙特利海湾下水,进行它的第一次航行。

The amount of deformation is directly proportional to the applied stre provided the force does not exceed a certain limit.

分析:本句中的条件状语由provided引导。引导条件状语从句的词组还有providing, as long as等。

参考译文:如果外力不超过某一限度的话,那么形变量与外力成正比。

限制性定语从句翻译方法

定语从句就其与先行词的关系分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。因此英语定语从句的译法主要涉及限制性和非限制性定语从句的译法。

限制性定语从句和它的先行词的所指意义有着不可分割的联系,缺少了它,作为先行词的名词(词组)便不能明确表示其所指对象,根据汉语的表达习惯及对原文的忠实度,翻译这类定语从句可以采用以下几种方法:

一、合译法

合译法指把定语从句译成带的的定语词组,放在被修饰词的前面,从而将复合句译成汉语单句。合译法一般适用于结构比较简单或具有描写性的限制性定语从句。

Yet no such effect had been detected in any of the ingenious and delicate experiments that physicists had devised: the velocity(速度)of light did not vary.

分析:定语从句的结构是简单的主谓宾结构,翻译成前置的定语词组。

参考译文:然而在任何物理学家所进行过的精细巧妙的实验中,都没有发现这种影响:光速没有变化。

二、分译法

如果限制性定语从句结构较为复杂。译成前置的定语短语显得太长而不符合汉语表达习惯时,从句一般与主句分译,往往可以译成后置的并列分句,也可以依据上下文译成前置的并列分句。

As brighter areas of the image eject more electrons than the darker or shaded portions, an electronic image is produced in which varying degrees of positive charge duplicate light intensities seen in the scene being pictured.

分析:在这句的定语从句中,有现在分词作前置定语,及过去分词做后置定语,翻译成前置的定语词组会生涩拗口。因此将从句与主句分开翻译,单独成句。

参考译文:因为图像的较明亮的部分比黑暗的部分或者阴影部分发射的电子更多,所以产生的电子图像随正电荷的变化强度,使正在描述的荧幕上的光强度成倍增强。

从句翻译

三、融合法

当定语部分所给信息与被修饰词关系紧密、必不可少时,可将原来的语序打乱,用自己的话将原句中的主句与定语从句重新组织,译成一个独立的句子。

There are those who insist that the era of a computer terminal on every desk is just around the corner, while others insist that traditional teaching methods will never give way to computerized instruction.

分析:在翻译there be句型中的定语从句时,常用此方法。

参考译文:有些人坚信,每张课桌上放一台计算机终端设备的时代即将来临,而另一些坚持说传统的教学方法决不会让位于计算机教学。

四、断开法

当前置或后置都要影响上下文连贯时,可以将其放在主句中间,用破折号或括号等将其与主句断开。例如:

The last bits and pieces of interplanetary debris(星际碎片)from which Earth formed were just arriving.

参考译文:最后的一批星际碎片(地球正是由这些碎片构成的)正降落在地球上。

同位语从句翻译方法

英语的同位语从句是用以解释说明前面某一名词的内容的,也就是将这一名词的含义具体化,其地位和此名词是同等的。从句常用that或whether来引导。同位语从句常用来说明fact, theory, sense, question, conclusion, news, experience, evidence, proof, condition, law, conjecture, doubt等词的具体含义。

翻译此类从句时,一般有两种处理方法:一种把从句译成一个独立的句子,并在其前加即„,这„等词,或在从句所修饰的名词之后加冒号或破折号;二是用的字把从句放在它所修饰的词之前。如:

Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.(2000年)

结构分析:句子的框架是Furthermore, it is obvious that„, and that„.这是典型的句型It+is+obvious+that clause.It是形式主语,真正的主语是由连词and连接的两个并列的主语从句:A.that the strength is„bound with„, B.and that this„rests upon the efforts„.第一个主语从句中的词组be bound up with是与„有关联之意;在第二个主语从句中,代词this指代前文的the efficiency of its agriculture and industry,译为效率的提高。

参考译文:再者,显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关,而效率的提高则又有赖于各种科技人员的努力。熟能生巧

There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.(1999年)

结构分析:句子的框架是There is no agreement whether„or„.主句是There is no agreement,agreement后面紧跟了由whether引导的同位语从句作同位语;在同位语从句中,谓语动词短语refers to跟了两个由连词or连接的并列宾语:A.the concepts peculiar to historical work in general; B.the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.在第一个宾语中,形容词词组peculiar to historical work和介词词组in general作后置定语修饰the concepts;在第二个宾语中同样有形容词词组appropriate to„of historical inquiry作后置定语修饰the research techniques.

参考译文:所谓方法论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念,还是指历史探究中各个具体领域适用的研究手段,人们对此意见不一。

表语从句翻译方法

一、表语从句是位于主句的联系动词后面、充当主句主语的表语的从句

它也是由that, what, why, how, when, where, whether等连词和关联词引导的。一般来讲,可

从句翻译

以先译主句,后译从句。如:

The result of invention of steam engine was that human power was replaced by mechanical power.

参考译文:蒸汽机发明的结果是机械力代替了人力。

The advantage of rolling bearing is that they cause le friction.

参考译文:滚动轴承的优点是它产生的摩擦力较小。

二、几种常见句型

1.在that (this) is why„句型中,如果选择先译主句,后译从句,可以译成这就是为什么„,这就是为什么„的原因,这就是„的缘故等。如果选择先译从句,再译主句,一般可以译为„原因就在这里,„理由就在这里等。如:

That is why heat can melt ice, vaporize water and cause bodies to expand.

参考译文:这就是为什么热能使冰融化,使水蒸发,使物体膨胀的原因。

That is why practice is the criterion of truth and whythe standard of practice should be first and fundamental in the theory of knowledge.

分析:原句表语很长,所以此处采用了紧缩原则。

参考译文:所谓实践是真理的标准,所谓实践的标准,应该是认识论的首先的和基本的观点,理由就在这个地方。

2.在this (it) is because„句型中,一般先译主句,再译从句,译成是因为„,这是因为„的缘故,这是由于„的缘故。如:

This is because the direct current flows in a wire always in one direction.

参考译文:这是由于直流电在导线中总沿着一个方向流动的缘故。

It is because a conductor carrying is surrounded by a magnetic field.

参考译文:这就是因为载流导体周围有一磁场。

在this is what„句型中,如果先译主句,后译从句,通常译为这就是„的内容,这就是„的含意等。如果先译从句,后译主句,通常译为„就是这个道理,„就是这个意思等。如:

This is what we have discued in this article.

分析:如表语不长,则可译成这就是„的内容等。

参考译文:这就是我们在本文中所讨论的内容。

宾语从句翻译方法

宾语从句可以分为两种:一种是动词引导的宾语从句;另一种是介词引导的宾语从句。

一、动词引导的宾语从句

翻译时,顺序一般不变。如:

Manure supplies what is deficient in the soil.

参考译文:肥料供给土壤所缺乏的成分。

二、介词引导的宾语从句

介词宾语从句前面的介词可能和动词、形容词或副词有关。翻译时,顺序一般不变。如:

Men differ from brutes in that they can think and speaks.

分析:in之后如果跟有宾语从句,常常可译成原因状语从句,用因为„,在于„,是因为„等词译出。

参考译文:人与兽的区别,就在于人有思维而且会说话。

The lift component is not vertical except when the relative wind is horizontal.

分析:英语中的介词except, but, besides等之后如果跟有宾语从句,常常可译为并列句的分句,用除„之外,除了„,此外„,只是„,但„等词译出。

参考译文:除了相对风是水平的情况之外,升力不是垂直的。

三、直接引语作宾语

从句翻译时引号保留,把逗号一律改为冒号。如:

The student asked the teacher,how many one cubic foot of air weighs under normal conditions?

参考译文:这个学生问老师:一立方英尺空气有多重?

从句翻译

The law of conservation and transformation of energy states that energy is indestructible and the total amount of energy in the universe is constant.

分析:以that引导的宾语从句为普遍真理及一般规律时,或是某一规律及定义所阐述的内容时,有时也可以在句首加冒号译出。

参考译文:能量守恒和转换定律说明:能量是不灭的,宇宙间能量的总量和是不变的。

1。主语:就是一个句子陈述的对象,或是动作的执行者。它回答的是“谁”“什么”的问题。如:我看书。谁看书?“我”。“我”就是这句子的主语。主语由名词或相当于名词的词充当。(如动词不定式,动名词,代词都可作主语,主语从句)

2。谓语:说明主语是什么,干什么,怎么样。它回答的是主语“干什么,是什么”的问题。如上句中主语“我”干什么?“看书”。“看书”就是谓语。

一个句子,一般都可分成主、谓两大部分(祈使句是省主句)。再细分又可分成谓语(动词)、宾语,表语,补语(包括宾补和主补),定语,状语,同位语等。

如第一例中谓语部分可划分成谓语(看)和宾语(书)。

谓语部分中心词一定要是一个动词,要么是行为动词,要么是系动词,不同的动词构成不同的句子类型。

句子的各种时态、人称和数的变化都在谓语动词上变

3。宾语。指谓语动词所涉及的对象,由名、代、数,宾语从句等相当于名词的词句充当,但人称代词要用宾格。如:还说上例。谓语动词是“看”,看什么?看“书”,“书”是动词“看”所涉及的对象,是“看”的宾语。

需要说明的是:只有及物动词和介词或相当于及物动词和介词的短语才可带宾语。

4。表语。是和系动词紧密相连的。在陈述句中系动词后面的就是表语,这就是“主系表”结构。作表语的也是名词性的词,也可以是从句。

5。定语:修饰限定名字、代词的词,说明所修饰词的性质、特征等,如 a tall boy 中,tall修饰boy,tall是boy的定语。可作定语的有形容词、名词、副词、定语从句、分词等。不定代词的定语一律后置。

6。状语:修饰动词、副词、形容词甚至整句,说明谓语动作发生的时间、地点、方式、伴随状况、目的等等。如:他在灯下看书。“在灯下”是状语。

7。补语:补充说明主语或宾语的成份,补充说明主语的叫主语补足语,补充宾语叫宾语补足语。如:他把我逗笑了。He made me laugh.主语:he;谓语:made;宾语:me;宾补:laugh.补语和它补充说明的成份之间有逻辑上的主谓关系,这可以把它和其它成份区分开。如:上句宾语me和宾补laugh之间,laugh的动作是me来做的。这就是一种逻辑上的主谓关系。把这两部分单拿出来可以成一句完整的话,即I laughed, 英语从句的翻译 定语从句 状语从句

名词从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)

定语从句的翻译

* 无论是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句,翻译成汉语时是处理为前置定语还是后置定语,要视具体情况而定;有些定语从句和主句存在着状语关系,翻译时更要灵活对待。 * It was what sentimentalists, who deal in very big words, call a yearning after the ideal, and simply means that women are not satisfied until they have husbands and children on whom they may center affections, which are spent elsewhere, as it were, in small changes.* It was what sentimentalists call a yearning after the ideal, and means that women are not satisfied until they have husbands and children.* 大意是说:这就是情感主义者称之为对于理想爱情的渴望,简单说来,就是女人必须在有了丈夫和孩子之后才能感到满足。

* who引导的定语从句who deal in very big words 用来修饰sentimentalists (情感主义者)

从句翻译

* whom引导的定语从句on whom they may center affections用来修饰husbands and children * which 引导的定语从句which are spent elsewhere, as it were, in small changes用来修饰affections * 一般情感主义者喜欢用大字眼,称之为对于理想爱情的渴望。换言之,他们认为女人的情感平时只能零星发泄,必须有了丈夫和孩子,情感收聚起来有了归宿,自己才能得到满足。 前置法:

* 如果定语从句较短,限制能力较强,一般我们将此类定语从句译成带“的”的定语词组,放在被修饰的先行词的前面。

* Those who sacrifice themselves for the people’s cause are the real heroes of history.* We found a restaurant where the food was excellent.* There are other techniques that might help you with your English studying.* 那些为了人们的事业而牺牲自己的人是真正的历史英雄。 * 我们发现了一家菜肴非常好的餐馆。 * 还有另外一些能帮你学英语的方法。 后置法:

* 如果定语从句结构较为复杂。译成前置的定语短语显得太长而不符合汉语表达习惯时,我们往往把定语从句与主句分译,译成后置的并列分句。

* Christmas music is loved by all who hear and sing it everywhere.* I know a lot of students who want to be teachers in the future.* They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.* 圣诞乐曲为大家所喜爱,人们每年都在欣赏和演唱。 * 我认识很多学生,他们都想将来做老师。

* 他们正在为实现一个理想而努力,这个理想是买个中国人所珍爱的,而且过去许多中国人为了这个理想而牺牲了自己的生命。

* He gave me a book which I kept to this day.* Stratford is the native place of Shakespeare that I have longed for.* He received a letter that announced the death of his father.* Our records show that a large group of young people, about 95% of them boys, are computer freaks who live for nothing but the machine * 他曾送我一本书,我保存至今。

* 斯特拉特福德是莎士比亚的故乡,是我向往的地方。 * 他收到一封信,说他父亲去世了。

* 我们的记录表明,很多年轻人,其中95%是男孩,成了电脑迷。电脑成了生活的唯一。 溶合法:

* 当定语部分所给信息与被修饰词关系紧密、必不可少时,可将原来的语序打乱,用自己的话将原句中的主句与定语从句重新组织,译成一个独立的句子。 * There is a man down stairs who wants to see you.* Thousands of red, beautiful roses that bloom almost at the same time make the park the great resort of people in spring.* 楼下有人要见你。

* 春天,公园里成千上万朵娇艳的红玫瑰几乎同时盛开,让人流连忘返。 非限制性定语从句

* He liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant, but he didn’t like his brother, who was aloof and arrogant.

从句翻译

* It seems to me that there are two causes, of which one goes much deeper than the other * Metals are very strong and can be made into any required shapes, which makes it poible to be widely used in industry.* All the while, George Bush, who ultimately benefit from the try that failed, sat silently by, a nearly forgotten spectator.* Although he lacks experience, he has enterprise and creativity, which are decisive in achieving succe in the area。

* He blamed me for everything, which I thought very unfair.* The man had suddenly awakened to the fact that there were beauty and significance in these flowers, which they had so long trodden carelely beneath their feet.* World War II was, however, more complex than World War I, which was a collision among the imperialist powers over the spoils of markets, resources and territories.具有状语职能的定语从句

* 有些定语从句在逻辑上相当于让步、条件、原因、结果等状语功能,这时可将此类从句译为相应的状语分句。

* A driver who is driving the bus mustn’t talk with others or be absent-minded。 * 司机在开车时,不许和人谈话,也不能走神。(表时间)

* Men become desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep alive their families。

* 人们极其迫切地要求工作,不管什么工作,只要它能维持一家人的生活就行。(表条件) * He insisted on buying another house, which he had no use for * 尽管他并没有这样的需要,他坚持要再买一幢房子。(表让步)

* She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was。 * 她对孩子们很有耐心,而她丈夫却很少这样。(表转折) * As you know, we operate in a highly competitive market in which we have been forced to cut our prices to the minimum.* 如你所知,我们正处在一个竞争激烈的市场中,不得不将价格降到了最低限度。

* He wished to write an article that will attract public attention to the matter.* 他想写一篇文章,以便能引起公众对这件事的关注。

* The ambaador was giving a dinner for a few people whom he wished especially to talk to or to hear from.* 大使只宴请了几个人,因为他特想和这些人谈谈,听听他们的意见。 同位语从句

* ①同位语从句就是跟在名词后面,表达具体内容、起解释说明作用的从句。that是其最常见的引导词,不能省略。

* ②注意下列名词后面可接同位语从句:hope(希望), fact(事实), news(消息), problem(问题), conclusion(结论), rumor(流言), agreement(同意,协议), belief(信仰), concept(观念,概念), idea(想法), question(问题), suggestion(提议), thought(想法), conviction(确信,定罪), doubt(怀疑), decision(决定,决心), aumption(假定,设想), evidence(迹象,证据),等。

1.如果同位语从句较短,我们可以考虑把它放在先行词之前

* But the idea/ that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen/ rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. 【意群直译】但是这种观点/记者必须比普通公民更深刻地理解法律/立足于对新闻媒体既定习俗和特殊责任的了解

从句翻译

* 【全句整合】但是“新闻记者必须比普通公民更深刻地理解法律”这种观点立足于对新闻媒体既定习俗和特殊责任的了解。

* 【解析】that引导的同位语从句,that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen就是idea的具体内容,相当于汉语中的“„„这一观点”。正是由于同位语从句的使用,使得这句话的主语较长,这句话的主干应当是the idea rests on an understanding.2.如果同位语从句较长,放在先行词之前对其解释会使整个句子结构失去平衡,我们把它译成后置的并列分句。

* In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly succeful: groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.* 译文 在欧洲,像在其他地方一样,传媒集团越来越成功:这些集团将相关的电视、广播、报纸、杂志和出版社组合在一起。

3.通过词类转换法,将引导同位语从句的先行词的性质进行转变。

* On the other hand,/ he did not accept/ as well founded/ the charge made by some of his critics/ that, while he was a good observer,/ he had no power of reasoning.* 【意群直译】另一方面/他不接受/缺乏根据/他的一些批评家的指责/尽管他是个好观察家/他不具备推理能力

* 【全句整合】另一方面,某些人批评他虽然善于观察,却不具备推理能力,而他认为这种说法也是缺乏根据的。

* 这里的名词charge是“指控”的意思,转换为动词即为“某些人批评他虽然善于观察,却不具备推理能力„„”。 同位语从句翻译练习

* He expreed the hope that he would come over to visit China again.* 他表示希望再到中国来访问。

* An obedient son, I had accepted my father’s decision that I was to be a doctor, though the prospect interested me not at all.* 作为一个孝顺的儿子,我接受了父亲的决定去当医生,虽然我对这样的前途毫无兴趣。 * It does not alter the fact that he is the man responsible for the delay.迟延应由他负责,这个事实是改变不了的

* They were very suspicious of the aumption that he would rather kill himself than surrender.* 对于他宁愿自杀也不投降的这种假设,他们是很怀疑的。

* But considering realistically, we had to face the fact that our prospects were le than good.* 但是现实地考虑一下,我们不得不正视这样一个事实:我们的前景并不妙。

* And there was the poibility that a small electrical spark might accidentally bypa the most carefully planned circuit.* 而且总有这种可能性——一个小小的电火花,可能会意外地绕过了最为精心设计的路线。 * These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age.*

这些领导者都是些活生生的例子,证明疾病预防措施是有效的,我们可以应付由年纪增长而自然带来的健康问题。 状语从句:时间状语从句 * 1.时间状语从句

*

①引导时间状语从句的连词有when, whenever, while, as, till, until, since, after等。

从句翻译

*

②注意as, when, while的用法区别。as强调时间上的“一先一后”,“同一时间”,或“随着”之义;when则强调某个特定的时间;while表示的时间不是一点,而是一段。试比较以下三个句子中的时间状语从句:

* As the time went on, the weather got worse.* When he was eating his breakfast, he heard the door bell ring.* Strike while the iron is hot.* Hardly had we arrived when it began to rain.* There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming.* 就在一批又一批科学家极力要使我们意识到全球气候变暖这一越来越大的威胁时,今天出现了令人不安的类似情况。

* However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behavior became markedly different.* 但是,把两只猴子分别放在相邻的两个房间里,使它们彼此能够看见对方用石头所换回的东西,这时它们的行为变得截然不同了。

* People sometimes expect gratitude when they aren’t entitled to it.* 人们有时希望别人感激他们,尽管他们没有权利要求别人这么做 原因状语从句

* 引导原因状语从句的连词或复合连词有because, since, as, for the reason that, in that等,其中because表示原因的语气最重,as和since所表示的原因则常常是人们知道的。试比较以下两个句子:

* 1.Because they lived on the edge of the Persian Empire, they were ruled by the king of Persia.* 2.Since/As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.* 在上述两个句子中,Because引导的原因状语从句表示一种直接的原因,而Since/As则表示一种人们所知的显而易见的事实。 1.译成表示原因的分句

* Since our chief busine with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.* 由于我们对年轻人所做的首要工作在于使他们能够在生活中彼此相融,因此我们不禁要考虑自己是否在形成让他们获得这种能力的力量。

* The Republic made a fu about because they might get something out of it.* 共和党人对此小题大做,以便从中渔利。

* Consumers say they’re not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good.* 译文 虽然有不少令人担忧的新闻报道,但消费者们说他们并没有感到绝望,因为他们的个人财富仍然保持良好。 条件状语从句

* ①条件状语的引导词有:if(如果), unle(除非,如果不), suppose(假设,假定), in case (that)(如果,假使;以防万一), in the event (that)(万一,倘若)等。 *

②两种条件句:

* a.真实条件句,表示现实的或可能会变为现实的条件,用直陈语气。例如: * If the weather is fine tomorrow, we shall go to the country.* b.非真实条件句,表示非现实的或不大可能会变为现实的条件,常用虚拟语气。例如:

从句翻译

* If I were you, I would leave now.(该句包含了if引导的条件状语从句,且因为是非真实条件句因此用were表示虚拟语气。)

* At the end of the day, there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unle they keep us from sleeping or “we wake up in panic,” Cartwright says.* Cartwright说,不管怎么说,如果做的梦并不会使我们睡不好或不会让我们总是从惊恐中醒来,那就无需注意它。

* But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain, they’re there to stay.

*

但是,可别想把旧习惯统统消灭,那只是白费心机。因为,一旦那些程序路径被植入大脑,将会永远留在其中。 让步状语从句

* ①让步状语从句的引导词有:although, though, even if, in spite of the fact, whereas, while, for all (that)等。

* ②注意even if与even though的区别:even if意为“即使”,表述的内容不一定为即成事实;even though则表示“尽管”,即尽管有什么样的事实存在。试比较以下两个句子: *

Even though he knows it, he’ll not let out the secret.(他知道这个秘密。) *

Even if he knows it, he’ll not let out the secret.* (不确定他是否知道这个秘密。)

* While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.* 在与年轻人的接触中我们容易忽视自己的行为对他们的性情所产生的影响,但仍比不上与成年人打交道时那样容易。

* Although the proce of profeionalisation and specialization was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century.* 尽管在19世纪专业化和专门化已经在英国地质学界充分展开,但其影响直到20世纪才全面表现出来。

* No matter how carefully you move your hand toward a fly, the insect will dart off almost every time.* 不管你多么小心地把手伸向一只苍蝇,差不多每次它都飞走。(转译为条件) 目的状语从句

* ①目的状语从句可由下列引导词引导:so that, so, in order that, in case, lest等。 *

②lest和in case表示的目的是一种带有否定意义的目的,意为“以防”。例如: * He cut the remark out of the final program lest it should offend the listeners.We should start early so that we might get there before noon.* The murderer ran way as fast as he could so that he might not be caught red-handed.* They stepped into a helicopter and flew high in the sky in order that they might have a bird’s eye view of the city.英语被动语态的翻译

* Has the letter been mailed? “信被寄了没有?”“信寄了没有?”

* Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed.* A.电视是一种手段,通过这种手段这些感受被引发和传递。 * B.电视是引发和传递这些感受的手段之一。

* 变被动为主动 保持原来的被动语态 变被动为主动 * 直接省略‘被’” 直接变主语为宾语 增加泛指施动者

* 直接译为无主句 译为‘把’字结构 保持原来的被动语态

从句翻译

* 直接译成‘被’字结构 保持被动,选择表述

* In the early industrialized countries of Europe the proce of industrialization — with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed — was spread over nearly a century.* B.在先期实现工业化的欧洲国家中,其工业化进程以及随之而来的各种深刻的社会结构变革,延续了大约一个世纪之久才完成。

* On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be aumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they poeed.改译:B.总的来说,能够得出这种结论是有一定程度的把握的,但是必须具备两个条件:能够假定这个孩子对测试的态度和另一个与他比较的孩子的态度相同;并且他没有因为缺乏别的孩子所具有的有关知识而被惩罚。 * But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity, any more than a busineman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in busine.(2006年第49题)

* 【词义推敲】“moral code” “道德准则” /“道德标准” ; govern 支配;dedicate one‘s energies to 致力于;“conduct” 行为

*

但是,普通科学家的首要任务并非考虑支配其行为的道德规范,正如人们不指望商人致力于探究商业行为规范。 译成汉语主动句

* The whole country was armed in a few days.只用了几天,全国就武装起来了。

* The sense of inferiority that he has acquired in his childhood has never been totally eradicated.* 他在孩提时代留下的自卑感,还没有完全消除。

* By the end of the war 800 people had been saved by the organization, but at a cost of over 200 Belgian and French lives.* 战争结束时,这个组织救了800多人,但这是以200多个比利时人和法国人的生命为代价的。

* Mr.Smith cannot be deterred from his plan.没有人能够阻止史密斯先生实施他的计划。

* He was educated at Zhejiang University.他是在浙大接受教育的。 * The ship was destined to London.这艘船是开往伦敦的。 “It” 作形式主语的被动句

* It is hoped that 希望 It is reported that 据报道 * It is said that 据说 It is supposed that 据推测 * It may be said without fear of exaggeration that可以毫不夸张的说

* It must be admitted that 必须承认 It must be pointed out that 必须指出

* It is aerted that 有人主张 It is believed that 有人相信 * It is generally considered that 大家认为 It is well-known that 大家知道、众所周之

* It will be said that 有人会说 It was told that 有人曾经说过 译成汉语被动句

* We would be spotted by enemy planes flying in and out of the airfield.* 我们可能被出入机场的敌人飞机发现。

* But shortly afterwards they heard that every single member of that community had

从句翻译

been captured by Nazi police and put into a concentration camp.* 但是,不久以后他们听说,那个社区的所有人都被纳粹警察抓了起来,并关进了集中营。 * I started to explain that I could not do my best since my spectacles had been taken away from me, but she wouldn’t let me finish.

* 我开始解释,我干不好是因为我的眼镜被拿走了,可她都不让我讲完。 * I closed my eyes and said to myself, “I am not a number.My name will be remembered as an anti-Nazi writer, and I have done more harm to your system than you can ever do to me.I am not a number.”

* 我闭上眼睛想,“我不是个号码。我的名字将作为一个反纳粹的作家而被铭记。我给你们的制度造成的损害已远远超过你们加在我身上的。我不是个号码。” * They were given a hearty welcome.他们受到热烈欢迎。 * He was controlled by the gang.他受到了这个团伙的控制。

* Our foreign policy is supported by the people all over the world.* 我们的外交政策受到全世界人们的支持。

* I was seized with the sadne as I thought of how the ancient city had been spared during the Second World War and now might be destroyed by an impending riot.* 我想到了这座古城再第二次世界大战时得到幸免而现状却要遭到即将来临的*的破坏,内心感到悲伤。

* I was so impreed by these words that I used them later for a Christmas card.* 我为这些话所深深感动,后来我就把它们写在了圣诞卡片上。

* Once you are employed by this company, you will be sent overseas.* 一旦你被这个公司所录取,你将被派往海外。

* By evening, the occupation was complete, and the people were chased off streets by an eight o’clock curfew

* 傍晚时分,占领以告完成。八点钟开始的宵禁把人们从街道赶走。

* The famous hotel had been practically destroyed by the big fire.* 大火使这座著名的旅馆几乎全部毁灭。

* Most letters from his wife were read to him by the nurse in the hospital.* 他的妻子给他的信,大多数是由医院里的护士念给他听的。

* And the astonishing thing is that this most dangerous operation was organized by a young attractive girl.* 令人惊奇的是,这个极其危险的行动是由一个年青貌美的姑娘组织的。

英语难句和长句的翻译

* Sexual confusion, economic frustrations, and religious hope—all came together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father that the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words: “Come out from among them, touch no unclean thing, and I will be your God and you shall be my people.” * 译文: 在一个重要时刻他打开了《圣经》,告诉父亲说,他看见的第一行字将会决定他的命运,于是他读到了这些神奇的字眼:“离开他们,勿触摸不净之物,我就是你的上帝,而你是我的子民。” ——这一刹那,性的迷惑、经济上的挫折以及宗教希望全都涌入脑中。 理解长难句

1.找出全句的主干,从整体上把握句子的结构。

① 主语 + 不及物动词

② 主语 + 及物动词或带介词的不及物动词 + 宾语

③ 主语 + 系动词 + 表语

从句翻译

④ 主语 + 动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语

⑤ 主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语

* 2.找出句中除主干外的所有谓语结构、非谓语动词短语、介词短语、名词短语和从句的引导词

* 3.分析从句和短语的功能

* 4.注意主干被分隔开来的情况,分析分隔成分的作用。

* 5.注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配,尤其是固定词组或搭配被句子其他成分分隔开的时候。 试理解长难句:

* Progre in both areas is undoubtedly neceary for the social, political, and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong.按原文句子结构的顺序翻译

* Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips,/ computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools,/ relaxation will be in front of smell-television,/ and digital age will have arrived.* 【意群直译】儿童将与装有个性化芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍/具有内置个性的计算机将被视为工作伙伴而不是工具/休闲将在气味电视机前/数字化时代就来到了

* 【全句整合】儿童将与装有个性化芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍,具有个性内置的计算机将被视为工作伙伴而不是工具,人们将在气味电视机前休闲,到那时,数字化时代就来到了。 * Furthermore, it is obvious that/ the strength of a country’s economy/ is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry,/ and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.* 【意群直译】再者,显而易见的是/一个国家的经济实力/直接与其工农业生产效率联系/而这则有赖于各种科学家和技术专家的努力

* 【全句整合】再者,显而易见的是,一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关,而效率的提高则有赖于各种科学家和技术专家的努力。

* Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence/ that these creatures preserve the health of game/ by killing the physically weak,/ or that they prey only on “worthle” species.

* 【标准译文】生物学家曾经一度动辄援引如下证据,说掠食者靠猎杀体弱的动物维持了整个猎物群的健康,或者说它们捕食的只是一些“无价值”的猎物而已。 按照汉语的逻辑顺序翻译

* Creating a “European identity”/ that respects the different cultures and traditions/ which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent/ is no easy task/ and demands a strategic choice.* 【意群直译】创造一个“欧洲品牌”/尊重不同文化和传统/组成旧大陆联系纤维/不是一项容易的任务/并且需要战略性的选择

* 【全句整合】不同的文化和传统把欧洲大陆编织成一体,要创造出一种尊重这些不同文化和传统的“欧洲品牌”绝非易事,需要人们做出战略性的选择。

* We are thus led to distinguish,/ within the broad educational proce/ which we have been so far considering,/ a more formal kind of education/ — that of direct tuition or schooling.* 【意群直译】我们因此会试图区分/在广义的教育过程中/我们迄今为止一直在思考的/一种更为正规的教育/——那就是直接的指导或学校教育

* 【全句整合】到此为止,我们一直在思考广义的教育过程,而现在,我们由此不得不试图

从句翻译

找出一种更为正规的教育,即直接的指导或学校教育。 抽词拆译

* 即将句子中某个词或短语抽出来,另行翻译。英语中的一些词结合了两个或两个以上的语义成分,而汉语中没有一个单独的词可以完全表达其内涵。这些词按原文的结构翻译不好处理,这时如将这个词译成句子就能更准确地表达出原意,译文也比较通顺。

* Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted,/ and only more gradually still was this effect considered/ as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.* 【意群直译】慢慢地这种机构的副产品才被注意到/在更漫长的过程中这一作用才被认为/作为这个机构必须要做的一个事情

* 【高分译文】社会机构的这种副产品只是慢慢地才为人认识的,而把这一作用看做为该机构必须要做到的事情,人们花的时间更长。 * 【意群划分】Scientists jumped to the rescue/ with some distinctly shaky evidence/ to the effect that insects would eat us up/ if birds failed to control them.* 【标准译文】科学家们急忙赶来救援,不过他们的理由着实有些牵强,大意是说:如果没有鸟儿来制约昆虫,昆虫就会把我们人类吃掉。 练习

* There is nothing more disappointing to a hoste who has gone to a lot of trouble or expense than to have her guest so interested in talking politics or busine with her husband that he fails to notice the flavor of the coffee, the lightne of the cake, or the attractivene of the house, which may be her chief interest and pride.* 最令女主人失望的是,她花了许多心神或费用来招待客人,可是这位客人只顾津津有味地与她的丈夫论政治,谈生意,丝毫也没有注意到咖啡的浓香、糕点的松软或房间内讲究的陈设,而这些却可能是她最感兴趣、最为自豪的。

* He was puzzled that I didn’t want what was obviously a “step” toward what all Americans are taught to want when they grow up: money and power.* 所有美国人受的教育都是要在长大成人后去追求金钱和权力,而我却放着明摆着的“阶梯”不上,他对此大为不解。

* The medical waste that has fouled beaches in the New York region at the peak of the summer season has taken its toll on busine all along the shore, driving vacationers away both from beaches that have been closed and from those that have remained open.* 医疗用品生产厂家的废弃物污染了纽约地区的海滨。时值盛夏,一些滨海浴场已经关闭,赶走了大批的度假者,而那些尚未关闭的滨海浴场也门口罗雀。污染使得整个海滨区的商业蒙受了巨大损失。

* One of the most heartwarming aspects of people who are born with a facial disfigurement, whether minor or major, is the number of them who do not allow it to upset their lives, even reaching out to help others with the same problem.* 有些人天生脸上就有或大或小的缺陷,但令人欣慰的是,这些人中有相当一部分人并没有让这些缺陷扰乱了他们的生活,他们甚至还主动去帮助其他有类似问题的人。

第13篇:用英语介绍德国加翻译

德国位于欧洲中部,东邻波兰、捷克,南接奥地利、瑞士,西界荷兰、比利时、卢森堡、法国,北与丹麦相连并临北海和波罗的海,是欧洲邻国最多的国家。面积为357020.22平方公里(1999年12月)。地势北低南高,可分为四个地形区:北德平原,平均海拔不到100米;中德山地,由东西走向的高地块构成;西南部莱茵断裂谷地区,两旁是山地,谷壁陡峭;南部的巴伐利亚高原和阿尔卑斯山区,其间拜恩阿尔卑斯山脉的主峰祖格峰海拔2963米,为全国最高峰。主要河流有莱茵河(流经境内865公里)、易北河、威悉河、奥得河、多瑙河。较大湖泊有博登湖、基姆湖、阿莫尔湖、里次湖。西北部海洋性气候较明显,往东、南 部逐渐向大陆性气候过渡。平均气温7月14~19℃,1月-5~1℃。年降水量500~1000毫米,山地则更多。1995年1月1日起,根据1982年国际海洋法协定,德国在北海和东海的领海由3海里增至12海里(约22公里),其面积各增加4100和1700平方公里。

人口:8237万(2001年底),主要是德意志人,还有少数丹麦人、吉卜赛人和索布族人。有750万外籍人,占人口总数的9%。通用德语。居民中33.7%的人信奉基督教新教,33.2%的人信奉罗马天主教。

首都: 柏林 (Berlin) ,人口:338.7万(2001年9月),年平均气温约8.6℃。

德国统一的象征: 勃兰登堡门,位于柏林市中心菩提树大街和6月17日大街的交汇处,是柏林市区著名的游览胜地和德国统一的象征。

Germany is located in central Europe, Poland, the Czech republic, Austria and Switzerland, south west Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, France, and the north sea and connected in Denmark and the Baltic sea, it is the most

European neighbours.357020 area, 22 square kilometers (December 1999).Terrain can be divided into north meteorological DeXingOu: four, northern Germany, average altitude of le than 100 plains, Sino-german mountains, for the land by high, Southwest Rhine valley area, a fault, the wall; steep hill South of the Bavarian Alps, plateau and the Alps mountain and ZuGeFeng altitude, the highest 2963.The Rhine river is flowing (mainly domestic 865 kilometres), the river, the river, a siddhartha, the Danube river.Large lakes have lake compensates, chiemsee, amare lake, the lake times.Obviously, the climate in northwest toward the east, south of transition to a continental climate.Average temperatures on July 14 ~ 19 degrees Celsius, January - 5 ~ 1 ° c.Annual precipitation 500-1000 mm, hill is more.As of January 1, 1995, according to the international law in 1982, Germany in beihai park and

agreement by 3 miles east of the territorial sea to 12 nautical 22 kilometers),

the area of each increase 4100 and 1,700 square kilometers.

Population: 8237 million (2001), mainly is the German people, and a few danes, carefree gypsy and cable cloth.Foreigners have 7.5 million, total population of 9%.German.People who believe in 33.7% protestant and Roman Catholic 33.2% people believe.

Capital: Berlin (Berlin), population: 338.7 million (September 2001), average temperature, about 6 degrees Celsius.

German reunification, the symbol of the Brandenburg gate in Berlin: downtown lindens street and June 17th street, is the famous tourist attractions in Berlin, Germany and the symbol of unity.

In Germany, it is impolite to cro your arm over people who are shaking hands, as well as chew gum in public.Talking while your hands are in your pockets is also impolite.In general, Germans greet people with handshakes.German men wait for women to extend their hands before shaking hands with them, as well as shaking hands with women first when other men are present.Normally, Germans do not greet strangers on the streets.Titles along with the last names are used when being introduced to a stranger.

Germans do not cro the street ignoring the light

Do not cro the street when the light is red, NO MATTER WHAT! Germans always wait for the light to turn green whether there is a car in sight or not.If you attempt to cro, you will probably be chided by at least one of the people in the queue and you will hear a general tk.

Germans are very direct and they are always right

Most Germans have no problem telling you how they feel about something, even if you are a complete stranger.Don’t try to argue with a German, it is a complete waste of time.Just remember they are always right, nod your head and don’t waste your breath.

第14篇:大学英语周记加翻译

Food and Health Nowadays, with the improvement of people’s living standards, health is a hot topic that many people are concerned about.But how to keep healthy? In my opinion, appropriate and healthy food is a key part in keeping healthy.Every day, we eat a variety of food in order to keep our body in balance.Our body needs various foods which offer different nutrients.But too much chocolate and ice-cream may get us fat or even sick.So we must be careful about what we eat and how much we eat.In a word, reasonable and balanced diets are the keys to staying healthy.So we should pay more attention to healthy food.食物及卫生

如今,随着人民生活水平的提高,健康是很多人都关心的一个热点话题。但是,如何保持健康?在我看来,适当的和健康的食物是保持健康的重要组成部分。每天,我们吃的各种食物,以保持我们的身体在balance.Our身体需要提供不同的营养素的各种食物。但太多的巧克力和冰淇淋可能会得到我们发胖,甚至生病。因此,我们必须小心,我们吃什么,我们吃多少。总之,合理和均衡的饮食是保持健康的关键。所以,我们应该更加注重健康食品。

Relax Yourself放松自我

What does it mean to relax?Despite hearing this term thousands of times during the course of our lives, very few people have deeply considered what it\'s really about. When you ask people (which I have done many times) what it means to relax, most will answer in a way that suggests that relaxing is something you plan to do later you do it on vacation, in a hammock, when you retire, or when you get everything else done.This implies, of course, that most other times should be spent nervous, agitated, rushed, and frenzied.Very few actually come out and say so, but this is the obvious implication.Could this explain why so many of us operate as if life were one great big emergency? It is useful to think of relaxation as a quality of heart that you can acce on a regular basis rather than something reserved for some later time.You can relax now.It\'s helpful to remember that relaxed people can still be superachievers and, in fact, that relaxation and creativity go hand in hand.When I\'m feeling uptight, for example, I don\'t even try to write.But when I feel relaxed, my writing flows quickly and easily.

As the pace of modern life continues to quicken, many people are in the habit of rushing through life.Some admit that stre seems to be on the increase all the time.A certain degree of stre is beneficial to us, but too much stre is certainly harmful, and sometinles may even harmful to our health and physique.So it is neceary to know how to reduce stre. There are many ways that can help us solve this problem, but the following may be the most effective.First, learn to COllie to terms with yourselves.Don\'t set a goal that is too high because there are many things in this world that are beyond your reach.Learn to be content to go as far as you can.Second, learn to COllie to terms with the world around you.Don\'t try to change other people or other things.There are people and things in this world that you can do nothing about.So learn to accept them.Third, don\'t be too interested in material things and don\'t try to \"keep up with the Joneses.\" Don\'t harbor any jealousy, vanity or resentment to others.Be satisfied with what you have.Finally, keep in touch with your friends.Talk with them, share with them your happine and misery.This will help to make you feel better. These are not necearily the only ways to solve the problem, and it is my hope that everyone can reduce the too much stre in his work and study and live a relaxed happy life.

随着现代生活节奏的不断加快,很多人都在急于通过生活习惯。一些承认,压力似乎是所有的时间增加。一定程度的压力,对我们是有利的,但过多的压力肯定是有害的,sometinles甚至会危害我们的健康和体质。因此,有必要知道如何减轻压力。

有许多方法可以帮助我们解决这个问题,但下面可能是最有效的。首先,学习到牧羊犬自己的条款。不要设置太高的目标,因为在这个世界上有很多事情是超出你的范围。学习内容,你可以尽量去。第二,学习要与你周围的世界牧羊犬。不要试图改变其他人或其他东西。还有人在这个世界上的事情,你可以做什么。所以要学会接受他们。第三,不要太物质的东西有兴趣,不要试图“保持攀比。”不要抱有任何嫉妒,虚荣或对他人的怨恨。你有什么满意。最后,请与您的朋友联系。与他们交谈,与他们分享您的快乐和痛苦。这将有助于让你感觉更好。

这些不一定是解决问题的唯一途径,这是我希望每个人都可以减少在他的工作压力太大,学习和生活轻松愉快的生活

Some people think that life at present is better than life in the past.They think that now we are living a life that our ancestors could never have dreamed of.For instance, convenient foods from markets have simplified cooking.Electric appliances at home have taken the drudgery out of housework.New inventions have helped to make our work more sufficient and le tiring.Development in medicine has helped to make people live longer and healthier.It seems as if we were living in paradise. Other people, however, believe that life in the past is better than life at present.They argue that in this highly competitive society people have to work even harder and learn much more in order to adapt to the fast pace of modern life.Moreover, people have to be sophisticated to deal with the many complicated matters in life and work.Development in industry has caused lots of pollution.New inventions have put many people out of work. In my opinion, life always has its problems.There are problems now which people didn\'t have to face in the past, and there were also problems in the past which people don\'t have to confront today.Life is full of happine if we should be optimistic.We should smile through everything whether it is happine or misery.This is the right attitude towards life.

有些人认为目前的生活是比过去的生活更好。他们认为,现在我们正生活在一个生命,我们的祖先做梦也想不到的。例如,从方便食品市场已简化做饭。家电已采取了家务的苦差事。新发明的帮助,使我们的工作更充分,少劳累。中医药的发展,有助于使人们活得更长,更健康。这好像我们生活在天堂。

然而,其他人认为,目前,在过去的生活是比生命更好。他们认为,在这个竞争激烈的社会,人们必须更加努力地工作和学习更以适应现代生活的快节奏。此外,人们的生活和工作中的许多复杂的问题是复杂的处理。在产业的发展已引起了大量的污染。新发明已经把许多人失去工作。

在我看来,生活总是有它的问题。有问题,现在人们没有面对过去,也有一些问题,在过去,人们不必面对今天。生活是充满幸福的,我们应该乐观。我们应该微笑的一切,无论是快乐或痛苦。这是一个正确的态度对待生活。

It is clear that health is the foundation of one\'s future succe.If you get sick, it is nearly impoible to pursue your career effectively, much le make your dreams come true.On the other hand, if you are stout and strong, you can go all out to overcome the obstacles that lie ahead of you.

Now that we know that health is the source of our energy, what should we do to maintain and enhance our health? First, we should exercise every day to strengthen our muscles.Second, we should keep regular reasonable hours.If we get up early, we can breathe fresh air.This habit can do wonders in our life.Third, there is a proverb that says, \"Prevention is better than cure.\"

In short, health is more important than wealth.Those who are rich but love their health are no more fortunate than those who are poor. If you want your wish to come true, you should do exercise and keep fit.Health is the most important ingredient of your succe.这是明确的,健康是对未来的成功奠定了基础。如果你生病了,它几乎是不可能有效地去追求你的事业,更不用说让你梦想成真。另一方面,如果你是肥壮,就可以全力以赴,克服障碍,今后你。

现在我们知道,健康是我们的能源来源,我们应该怎样做,以保持和加强我们的健康吗?首先,我们应该坚持每天锻炼,以加强我们的肌肉。第二,我们应该保持定期的合理时间。如果我们早早起床,我们能呼吸新鲜空气。这个习惯可以做我们的生活中的奇迹。第三,有句谚语说,“预防胜于治疗”。

总之,健康比财富更重要。那些丰富的,但爱他们的健康没有比那些贫穷的人更幸运。如果你希望你的愿望成真,你应该多做运动,强身健体。健康是你成功的最重要的因素。

MY DAILY LIFE 我的日常生活

Though my daily life is extremely monotonous, I try hard to adapt myself to it.Why? Because I intend to be a good student.I wish to render service to my country.

I get up at six o’clock every day.After I wash my face and brush my teeth, I begin to review my leons.I go to school at seven o’clock.

After school is over, I return home.We usually have supper at seven o’clock.then I begin to do my homework.I want to finish it before I go to bed. 虽然我的日常生活十分单调,但我却竭力设法去适应它。为什么?因为我打算做一个好学生,希望将来为国家服务。

我每天六点起床、洗脸刷牙后,就开始复习功课,七点钟我就去上学。

放学后,我就回家了。我们通常在七点钟吃晚餐,之后我就开始做家庭作业,希望在睡觉前把它做完。

there is no doubt that happine is the most precious thing in the world.Without it, life will be empty and meaningle.If you wish to know how to get happine, you must pay attention to the following two points.

First, health is the secret of happine (the key to happine).Only a strong man can enjoy the pleasure of life.

Secondly, happine consists in contentment.A man who is diatisfied with his present condition is always in distre.

无疑的快乐是世界上最宝贵的东西。没有它,人生将是空虚的而且毫无意义的。如果你希望知道如何获得快乐,你须注意下面两点。

健康是快乐的要诀。唯有身体强壮的人才能享受人生的乐趣。

快乐在于知足。一个不满于现状的人终是处在痛苦之中。

第15篇:伤感的英语句子加翻译

伤感的英语句子加翻译

我是这场爱情的配角,唯一诠释了悲剧的那个人。以下是小编搜集并整理的伤感的英语句子有关内容。

伤感的英语句子加翻译

1、YourbirthgivesmehopeandIhopetogiveyouhappine.

你的诞生带给我希望,而我希望带给你幸福。

2、EncouragingmewhenIneedashove.

当我需要动力时你鼓励我。

3、Duringthewholelife,youwillregretfortwothings:oneisthatyoudon\'tgettheoneyouloveandtheotheristheoneyouloveisnothappy.

人的一生,有两种遗憾最折磨人:一是得不到你心爱的人;二是心爱的人得不到幸福。

4、

Iloveyounotbecauseofwhoyouare

,butbecauseofwhoIamwhenIamwithyou.

我爱你,不是因为你是一个怎样的人,而是因为我喜欢与你在一起。

5、Whenthingstendtogowrong.

就算是我犯了错误也没关系。

6、

Don\'ttrysohard

,thebestthingscomewhenyouleastexpectthemto.

不要着急,最好的总会在最不经意的时候出现。

7、Ihidemystorm

,themoreIcherishthelovefromothers.

我将暴风般的爱情藏在心底,那是为了不给对方任何心理压力,我的爱情越是珍贵,相对地,也越珍惜别人的爱情。

8、Butmostofallthankyoufor.

但我最想感谢你的是。

9、Behindeverysuccefulman,,therearetwo.

每个成功男人的背后,都有一个女人。每个不成功男人的背后,都有两个女人。

10、Happineisthatuhavefoodtoeat,

有吃的东西,有睡觉的地方,有所爱的人,便是幸福。幸福是荒废的灵魂遇到爱的邂逅。

1

1、

Ifyouleaveme

,pleasedon\'tcomfortmebecauseeachsewinghastomeetstingingpain.

离开我就别安慰我,要知道每一次缝补也会遭遇穿刺的痛。

12、Firstloveisunforgettableallone\'slife.

初恋是永生难忘的。

13、Loveiomethingeternal;theaspectmaychange,butnottheeence.

爱是永恒的,外表可能改变,但本质永远不变。

14、Beingwithyouislikewalkingonaveryclearmorning.

和你在一起就像在一个清爽的早晨漫步。

15、

对于世界,你可能只是一个人,但对于某个人,你却是整个世界。

16、

在这世上珍贵的东西总是罕有,所以这世上只有一个你。

17、Lifeistheflowerforwhichloveisthehoney.

生命如花,爱情是蜜。

18、\'smakingthedayscount.

爱情不是数着日子过去,它让每个日子都变得有意义。

19、Itisnevertoolatetofallinlove.

爱永远不会嫌晚。

20、Love\'stongueisintheeyes.

爱情的话语全在双眼之中。

21、Youmakemyheartsmile.

我的心因你而笑。

22、Lovemakesmangrowuporsinkdown.

爱情,要么让人成熟,要么让人堕落。

2

3、

Inthisworld

,onlythosemenwhoreallyfeelhappycangivewomenhappine.

在这个世界上,只有真正快乐的男人,才能带给女人真正的快乐。

2

4、Intheverysmallestcotthereisroomenoughforalovingpair.

哪怕是最小的茅舍,对一对恋人来说都有足够的空间。 2

5、

Iloveyounotforwhoyouare

,butforwhoIambeforeyou.

我爱你不是因为你是谁,而是我在你面前可以是谁。

26、Whydothegoodgirls,alwayswantthebadboys?

为何好女孩总喜欢坏男孩?

27、Theroadtoalover\'shouseisneverlong.

通往爱人家里的路总不会漫长。

28、Youdon\'tloveawomanbecausesheisbeautiful,butsheisbeautifulbecauseyouloveher.

你不会因为美丽去爱一个女人,但她却会因为你的爱而变得美丽。

29、Nowordsarenecearybetweentwolovinghearts.

两颗相爱的心之间不需要言语。

30、Shewhohasneverloved,hasneverlived.

人活着总要爱一回。

伤感的英语句子加翻译

forward can’t go through the distance, going backward can’t walk out the memory.

前进走不完距离,后退走不出回忆。

nothing is the best comfort, maybe the memory is the bestending,a fool also is same, all escape but sad.

也许无言才是最好的安慰,也许回忆是最好的结局,傻瓜也都一样,都逃不过悲伤。

the past only can be used to memory, don’t wallow in the shadow of it, otherwise,always can’t see the road ahead.

过去只可以用来回忆,别沉迷在它的阴影中,否则永远看不清前面的路。

you say good night to me every night is the simplest and the most lasting

每晚睡前听你说晚安,是属于我的,最简单而持久的记忆。

is said that the purpose of travelling is to from a town,but a piece of memory.

听说旅行的意义就是逃离。逃离的不是一座城,而是一段记忆。

heart is always hovering between adhering to and giving up, is that memory is good, the mind should not mind will stay in memory

心累,就是常常徘徊在坚持和放弃之间,举棋不定。烦恼,就是记性太好,该记的,不该记的都会留在记忆里。

wonderful memories also just yesterday.

再美好的回忆也只是昨天.

you see me as an option, then maybe I should just see you as a memory.

如果你把我当成一个选项,我会把你当成一段回忆。

not regret, memories will be precious

爱的不后悔,回忆才会珍贵

you will never know the true value of a moment until it becomes a memory

有时候,直到一些珍贵的时刻成为了回忆,你才会真正意识到它的价值所在。

11、The words I love you, lost in the unease.

那句我爱你,遗失在流年里。

12、I use memories under an end to end the iron between us the story.

我用回忆烫下一个句号来结束我们之间的故事。

13、Fireworks rain lane, whose kite is broken line, who really injured.

烟花雨巷,谁的风筝断了线,谁的真心受了伤。

14、Sometimes love, he come so fast, and sometimes love will call a person hurt.

有时爱,他来得太快,有时爱也会叫人受伤害。

15、Are you turn a walk, do not see my sad.Am I too wayward, regardle of your feelings.

是你转头就走,没看见我的难过。是我太任性,不顾你的感受。

16、I really love you, perhaps in your eyes just talk, but my heart is full, but you.

我真的爱上了你,或许在你眼里只是说说而已,但我的心,却是满满的都是你。

17、Even if I bowed my head also cannot find reason lets you took me by the hand.

即使我低头也无法找到理由让你牵起我的手。

18、I want to repeat the gentle strengthened themselves again and forced persons

我也不想再逞强把温柔一次次逼到绝路上

19、You are not me, you don\'t know my loneline, itas after.

你不是我,你不用懂得我的寂寞,就当作是经过。

20、Once this dial the disorderly my heartbeat, now how could I forget you.

曾今拨乱我心跳的人,如今我怎么可能忘记你。

21、The bravest thing in the world, is smiling to hear you say you and her love

世界上最勇敢的事情,是微笑着听你说你和她的爱情

22、Give not you want happine, friend or lover and care.

给不了你想要的幸福,朋友或情人俄不在乎。

23、I give you in my heart left a position, the position that paers-by.

我给你在我心里留了一个位置,这个位置叫路人。

24、Is not life if it is only as first, but life what not to meet

不是人生若只如初见,而是人生何如不相逢

25、Read too many fairy tales, think love will be perfect to arrive.

看过太多太多的童话,以为爱情会完美到达。

第16篇:资治通鉴原文加翻译

《资治通鉴》由北宋司马光主编的一部多卷本编年体史书,共294卷,历时19年完成,我们看看下面的资治通鉴原文加翻译吧!

资治通鉴原文加翻译

1周纪三家分晋

【原文】

周威烈王二十三年(公元前403年)

初,智宣子将以瑶为后。智果曰:\"不如宵也。瑶之贤于人者五,其不逮者一也。美髯长大则贤,射御足力则贤,伎艺毕给则贤,巧文辩慧则贤,强毅果敢则贤,如是而甚不仁。夫以其五贤陵人,而以不仁行之,其谁能待之?若果立瑶也,智宗必灭\"。弗听,智果别族[1]于太史为辅氏。赵简子之子,长曰伯鲁,幼曰无恤。将置后,不知所立。乃书训戒之辞于二简,以授二子曰:\"谨识之\"。三年而问之,伯鲁不能举其辞,求其简,已失之矣。问无恤,诵其辞甚习,求其简,出诸袖中而奏之。于是简子以无恤为贤,立以为后。简子使尹铎为晋阳。请曰:\"以为茧丝[2]呼?抑为保障[3]呼\"?简子曰:\"保障哉\"!尹铎损其户数。

【注解】

[1]别族:从智氏宗族分出,另立族姓。

[2]茧丝:指敛取人民的财物像抽丝一样,不抽尽就不停止。

[3]保障:指待民宽厚,少敛取财物,犹如筑堡为屏障一样。

【译文】

周威烈王二十三年(公元前403年)

当初,智宣子准备立智瑶为继承人。族人智果说:\"不如立智宵的好。因为智瑶比别人贤能的地方有五点,却有一点短处。他留有美髯,身材高大,是一贤;擅长射箭,驾车有力,是二贤;技能出众,才艺超群,是三贤;巧言善辩,文辞优美,是四贤;坚强果决,刚毅勇敢,是五贤。虽然有如此的贤能,但他唯独没有仁德之心。如果他运用这五种贤能去驾驭别人,而用不仁之心去力行,谁能受得了呢?如果立智瑶为后,智氏种族必遭灭门之灾\"。智宣子对此置之不理。智果为了避灾,改依别族为辅氏。赵国大夫赵简子的大儿子叫伯鲁,小儿子叫无恤。赵简子不知道立哪一个为继承人会更好,于是他把日常训诫之言刻写在两块竹简上,分别交给两个儿子,并嘱咐道:\"用心记住这些话\"!过了三年,赵简子叫来两个儿子,询问他们竹简上的内容。大儿子伯鲁说不出来,让他拿出竹简,他说早已丢了。赵简子又问小儿子无恤,他则熟练地将竹简上的话背出,问他竹简在哪儿,他立即从袖中取出奉上。通过这件事,赵简子认为无恤贤能,便立他为继承人。赵简子派尹铎去治理晋阳,尹铎请示:\"您是打算让我去抽丝剥茧般地搜刮财富呢,还是把那里建为一道保障\"?赵简子说:\"建为一道保障\"。尹铎便去整理户籍,减少交税的户数,减轻百姓的负担。

资治通鉴原文加翻译

2【原文】

简子谓无恤曰:\"晋国有难,而无以尹铎为少,无以晋阳为远,必以为归\"。及智宣子卒,智襄子为政,与韩康子、魏桓子宴于蓝台。智伯戏康子而侮段规。智国闻之,谏曰:\"主不备,难必至矣\"!智伯曰:\"难将由我。我不为难,谁敢兴之\"?对曰:\"不然。《夏书》有之曰:一人三失,怨岂在明,不见是图。夫君子能勤小物,故无大患。今主一宴而耻人之君相,又弗备,曰不敢兴难,蜹、蚁、蜂、虿[1],皆能害人,况君相乎\"!弗听。

【注解】

[1]虿(chài):蛇、蝎类的毒虫的古称。

【译文】

赵简子对儿子无恤说:\"晋国如果有祸乱,你不要嫌尹铎的地位低,不要嫌晋阳地方远,一定要以他那里作为依靠\"。等智宣子去世后,智襄子智瑶继位当政,他与韩康子、魏桓子在蓝台饮宴。席间,智襄子戏弄韩康子,又羞辱了他的国相段规。智瑶的家臣智国听说此事,便告诫说道:\"主公,您不加提防,灾祸就一定会降临啊\"!智瑶说:\"别人的生死祸福都取决于我。我不降灾落祸,谁还敢兴风作浪\"?智国说:\"并不是您说的那样。《夏书》上有这样的话:一个人屡次犯错,人们的怨恨往往克制着不表露出来,所以要在不显著时谨慎提防。贤德的人要在小事上谨慎戒备,才能避免招来大祸。现在主公在一次宴会上就得罪了人家的国君和国相,事后又不加戒备,还说别人不敢兴风作浪,这恐怕不行啊!蚊子、蚂蚁、蜜蜂、蝎子都能害人,何况是国君、国相呢\"!智瑶不听。

资治通鉴原文加翻译

3【原文】

智伯请地于韩康子,康子欲弗与。段规曰:\"智伯好利而愎,不与,将伐我;不如与之。彼狃于得地,必请于他人;他人不与,必向之以兵。然则我得免于患而待事之变矣\"。康子曰:\"善\"。使使者致万家之邑于智伯,智伯悦。又求地于魏桓子,桓子欲弗与。任章曰:\"何故弗与\"?桓子曰:\"无故索地,故弗与\"。任章曰:\"无故索地,诸大夫必惧;吾与之地,智伯必骄。彼骄而轻敌,此惧而相亲。以相亲之兵待轻敌之人,智氏之命必不长矣。《周书》曰:将欲败之,必姑辅之;将欲取之,必姑与之。主不如与之以骄智伯,然后可以择交而图智氏矣。奈何独以吾为智氏质乎\"!

【译文】

智瑶向韩康子提出割地要求,韩康子不同意。段规说:\"智瑶贪财好利,又刚愎自用,如果不割地给他,他一定会讨伐我们,不如答应他。他得到了土地,一定会更加狂妄,而再向别人索要;别人不给,他一定会兴兵讨伐。这样一来,我们便避开了祸患,就可以伺机而动了\"。韩康子说:\"好主意\"。便派使臣去见智瑶,同意把一块有万户人家的土地割让给他。智瑶大喜,果然又向魏桓子提出割地要求,魏桓子打算不给他。任章问:\"为什么不给呢\"?魏桓子说:\"他无缘无故地来要地,所以不给\"。任章说:\"智瑶无缘无故地强索他人领地,一定会引起其他大夫官员们的警惧,我们答应给地,他一定会骄傲。他因骄傲而轻视敌人,我们因恐惧而互相团结。用团结的队伍来对付骄傲的智瑶,智氏的命运就不会长久了。《周书》说:要想战胜敌人,姑且先听从他;要想夺取敌人的利益,姑且先给他一些好处。主公不如先答应智瑶的要求,以助长他的骄横,然后我们可以选择盟友共同对付智氏,何必要单独成为智瑶的攻击目标呢\"!

资治通鉴原文加翻译

4【原文】

桓子曰:\"善\"。复与之万家之邑一。智伯又求蔡、皋狼之地于赵襄子,襄子弗与。智伯怒,帅韩、魏之甲以攻赵氏。襄子将出,曰:\"吾何走乎\"?从者曰:\"长子近,且城厚完\"。襄子曰:\"民罢力以完之。又毙死以守之,其谁与我\"!从者曰:\"邯郸之仓库实\"。襄子曰:\"浚民之膏泽以实之,又因而杀之,其谁与我!其晋阳乎,先主之所属也,尹铎之所宽也,民必和矣\"。乃走晋阳。

三家以国人围而灌之,城不浸者三版。沈灶产蛙,民无叛意。智伯行水,魏桓子御,韩康子骖乘[1]。智伯曰:\"吾乃今知水可以亡人国也\"。桓子肘康子,康子履桓子之跗,以汾水可以灌安邑,绛水可以灌平阳也。疵谓智伯曰:\"韩、魏必反矣\"。智伯曰:\"子何以知之\"?疵曰:\"以人事知之。夫从韩、魏之兵以攻赵,赵亡,难必及韩、魏矣。今约胜赵而三分其地,城不没者三版,人马相食,城降有日,而二子无喜志,有忧色,是非反而何\"?

【注解】

[1]骖(cān)乘:又作\"参乘\",陪乘或陪乘的人。

【译文】

魏桓子说:\"好\"。于是也把一块万户人口的土地割让给智瑶。智瑶又向赵襄子索要蔡和皋狼两处土地。赵襄子拒绝了他。智瑶勃然大怒,率领韩、魏的军队进攻赵氏。赵襄子准备外出避难,问道:\"我到哪里去呢\"?随从建议:\"长子城最近,而且城墙坚厚完整\"。赵襄子说:\"百姓筋疲力尽才修好城墙,又要他们舍身入死地为我守御,谁能与我同心\"?随从又说:\"邯郸城仓库充实\"。赵襄子说:\"搜刮民脂民膏才使仓库充实起来,又因为仓库充实而让百姓送命,他们能与我同心吗?还是投奔晋阳吧,那儿是先主的属地,尹铎又待民宽厚,百姓一定会和我们同舟共济的\"。于是赵襄子逃往晋阳。

智瑶、韩康子、魏桓子三家围住晋阳,引水灌城。城墙头只剩六尺露出水面,锅灶泡在水中,青蛙四处乱跳,但百姓都没有叛变之心。智瑶巡视水势,魏桓子为他驾车,韩康子持矛居右护卫。智瑶说:\"我今天才知道,水可以亡人之国啊\"!魏桓子用胳臂肘碰了碰韩康子,韩康子也踩了踩魏桓子的足背——因为汾水可以灌魏国都城邑,绛水也可以灌韩国都城平阳啊!智家的谋士疵对智瑶说:\"韩魏两家一定要反叛了\"。智瑶问:\"你怎么会知道\"?疵说:\"我是就人之常情而论的。我们调集韩、魏两家的军队来围攻赵家,赵氏灭亡,随后灾难必然会降临到韩、魏两家。我们约定灭掉赵氏后,三家分其地。现在,晋阳城仅差六尺就被水淹没了,城中粮绝,已经在宰马为食了,破城也是指日可待。然而,这两人不但没有高兴的表情,反而面有忧色。这不是要反叛又是什么\"?

资治通鉴原文加翻译

5【原文】

明日,智伯以疵之言告二子,二子曰:\"此夫谗人欲为赵氏游说,使主疑于二家而懈于攻赵氏也。不然,夫二家岂不利朝夕分赵氏之田,而欲为危难不可成之事乎\"?二子出,疵入曰:\"主何以臣之言告二子也\"?智伯曰:\"子何以知之\"?对曰:\"臣见其视臣端而趋疾,知臣得其情故也\"。智伯不悛。疵请使于齐。

赵襄子使张孟谈潜出见二子,曰:\"臣闻唇亡则齿寒。今智伯帅韩、魏以攻赵,赵亡则韩、魏为之次矣\"。二子曰:\"我心知其然也,恐事未遂而谋泄,则祸立至矣\"。张孟谈曰:\"谋出二主之口,入臣之耳,何伤也\"?二子乃阴与张孟谈约,为之期日而遣之。襄子夜使人杀守堤之吏,而决水灌智伯军。智伯军救水而乱,韩、魏翼而击之,襄子将卒犯其前,大败智伯之众。遂杀智伯,尽灭智氏之族。唯辅果在。

【译文】

第二天,智瑶把疵的话告诉了韩、魏二人。二人齐声说道:\"这一定是小人想为赵氏游说,使主公您怀疑我们两家,从而放松对赵氏的进攻。不要相信这样的话。我们两家岂会放弃早晚就要分到手的赵氏之地,而去图谋那既危险又必不可成的事呢\"?两人走后。疵进来,问道:\"主公,您为什么把臣的话告诉他们两人呢\"?智瑶吃惊地问:\"你怎么知道的\"?疵说:\"刚才他们两个人见到我,便仔细地端详我,然后匆匆走开,可见他们已经知道我识破他们的心思了\"。智瑶不听疵的劝谏,仍不肯改变主张。疵见状,便只好请求出使齐国。

赵襄子派遣张孟谈秘密出城,来见韩、魏二人,说道:\"我听说唇亡则齿寒。现在智瑶率领韩、魏两家进攻赵家,赵家一亡,就该轮到你们两家了\"。韩康子、魏桓子说:\"我们也知道会这样,只怕事情还未办好而计谋先泄露了出去,那样就要大祸临头了\"。张孟谈说:\"计谋出自两位主公之口,只进入我一人耳中,有什么妨害呢\"?于是两人秘密地与张孟谈商议,约定好起事的日子,然后便让他回城了。这天夜里,赵襄子派人杀死智军守堤官吏,决开堤口,让大水倒灌智瑶军营。智瑶军队为救水乱作一团,韩、魏两军乘机从两边杀来,赵襄子率兵从正面攻击,大败智瑶之军,杀了智瑶,又将智氏族人尽行诛灭。只有辅果一家幸免于难。

资治通鉴原文加翻译6

周纪豫让复仇

【原文】

周威烈王二十三年(公元前403年)

三家[1]分智氏之田。赵襄子漆[2]智伯之头,以为饮器。智伯之臣豫让欲为之报仇,乃诈为刑人,挟匕首,入襄子宫中涂厕。襄子如厕心动,索之,获豫让。左右欲杀之,襄子曰:\"智伯死无后,而此人欲为报仇,真义士也!吾谨避之耳\"。乃舍之。豫让又漆身为癞,吞炭为哑,行乞于市,其妻不识也。行见其友,其友识之,为之泣曰:\"以子之才,臣事赵孟,必得近幸。子乃为所欲为,顾不易邪?何乃自苦如此!求以报仇,不亦难乎\"?豫让曰:\"不可!既已委质[3]为臣,而又求杀之,是二心也。凡吾所为者,极难耳。然所以为此者,将以愧天下后世之为人臣怀二心者也\"。襄子出,豫让伏于桥下。襄子至桥,马惊,索之,得豫让,遂杀之。

【注解】

[1]三家:指原来晋国的韩、赵、魏三家。周威烈王二十三年(公元前403年),韩、赵、魏三家共同出兵消灭了智氏,周天子只好承认三家的诸侯地位。自此,中国的历史进入了战国时代。

[2]漆:名词作动词,用油涂到物体上。

[3]委质:臣服、归附。

【译文】

周威烈王二十三年(公元前403年)

韩、赵、魏三家分了智氏的田地。赵襄子还把智伯的头颅油漆后,当做自己的饮酒器具。智瑶的臣子豫让打算为主公报仇,就假扮为受过刑罚做苦工的人,暗藏匕首,进入了赵襄子宫中的茅房里面打扫卫生。赵襄子在上茅房的时候,心里忽然感到一阵不安,就下令搜查,把豫让逮住了。赵襄子周围的人都想杀掉豫让,而赵襄子却说:\"智瑶死了没有什么后人,这个人却想为他报仇,是一条真正的汉子!我以后小心戒备就可以了\"。然后把豫让给释放了。豫让又把自己的全身涂成黑色,好像得了癞病一样,还吞下火炭使声音变得嘶哑,在集市上乞讨度日,就连他的妻子也没有认出他来。豫让走到一位朋友面前,朋友认出他以后大吃一惊,流着泪对他说:\"以你的才能,在赵襄子手下做臣刺客豫让子,必然会得到机会接近他。到时候你想做什么,还不是易如反掌?怎么能自残形体以至于此呢?用这种方式来报仇,不是太难了吗\"?豫让说:\"不可以!如果已经委身做他的臣子,而又找机会去杀掉他,这是对他怀有二心。我也知道自己想做的事情非常难以实现,但是我之所以坚持这么做,是要后世那些为人臣子而心怀不忠的人感到羞愧\"!有一次,赵襄子出宫,豫让就埋伏在他必经的桥下。赵襄子走到桥边,所骑的马忽然受惊,就下令搜索,逮住了意图行刺的豫让,然后杀了他。

资治通鉴原文加翻译7

周纪吴起才识

【原文】

周威烈王二十三年,周安王十五年(公无前403年,公元前387年)

吴起者,卫人,仕于鲁。齐人伐鲁,鲁人欲以为将,起取齐女为妻,鲁人疑之,起杀妻以求将,大破齐师。或谮[1]之鲁侯曰:\"起始事曾参,母死不奔丧,曾参绝之。今又杀妻以求为君将。起,残忍薄行人也。且以鲁国区区而有胜敌之名,则诸侯图鲁矣\"。起恐得罪,闻魏文侯贤,乃往归之。文侯问诸李克,李克曰:\"起贪而好色,然用兵,司马穰苴弗能过也\"。于是文侯以为将,击秦,拔五城。起之为将,与士卒最下者同衣食,卧不设席,行不骑乘,亲裹赢[2]粮,与士卒分劳苦。卒有病疽者,起为吮之。卒母闻而哭之。人曰:\"子,卒也,而将军自吮其疽,何哭为\"?母曰:\"非然也。往年吴公吮其父疽,其父战不旋踵[3],遂死于敌。吴公今又吮其子,妾不知其死所矣,是以哭之\"。

周安王十五年(甲午,前387年)魏文侯薨,太子击立,是为武侯。

【注解】

[1]谮:造谣中伤。

[2]赢:负担。

[3]旋踵(zhǒnɡ):掉转脚跟,比喻时间极短。

【译文】

周威烈王二十三年,周安王十五年(公无前403年,公元前387年)

吴起,卫国人,在鲁国为官。齐国攻打鲁国,鲁国想任吴起为将,但吴起的妻子是齐国人,鲁国就对吴起有些不放心。吴起便杀掉妻子,当上了大将,率军大败齐军。有人在鲁侯跟前谗毁吴起,说:\"吴起当初曾经师从曾参,母亲去世他不奔丧服孝,曾参为此与他断绝关系;如今,为了一个大将之职,他居然杀了自己的结发妻子。吴起真是个残忍的小人啊!况且,小小的鲁国战胜了强敌,未必是好事。有此名声,各国都要一起来对付鲁国了\"。吴起知道此事,担心鲁国治他的罪。听说魏文侯贤明,便前去投奔。魏文侯向李克征求对吴起的看法,李克说:\"吴起为人,贪婪而好色,但在用兵打仗方面,就连齐国名将司马穰苴也不如他\"。于是魏文侯任命吴起为将,带兵攻秦,夺取了五座城池。吴起担任魏国大将,与最下等的士兵吃同样的饭食,穿同样的衣服,睡觉不铺席子,行军不乘车马,亲自捆扎行李、驮运食粮,为士卒分忧解难。有个士兵长了毒疮,吴起为他吮毒。这个士兵的母亲听说后,放声痛哭,有人奇怪地问:\"你的儿子不过是个士兵,而将军却为他吸吮毒疮,你哭什么呀\"?这位母亲说:\"我不是为这事哭泣。当年吴将军为孩子的父亲吸过毒疮,他父亲打起仗来拼命冲杀,最后没有回来。现在,吴将军又为儿子吸毒疮,不知道儿子又会战死在哪里。所以我哭泣啊\"!

公元前387年,魏文侯逝世,太子击继位,即魏武侯。

资治通鉴原文加翻译8

【原文】

武侯浮西河而下,中流顾谓吴起曰:\"美哉山河之固,此魏国之宝也\"!对曰:\"在德不在险。昔三苗氏,左洞庭,右彭蠡,德义不修,禹灭之。夏桀之居,左河济,右泰华,伊阙在其南,羊肠在其北,修政不仁,汤放之。商纣之国,左孟门,右太行,常山在其北,大河经其南,修政不德,武王杀之。由此观之,在德不在险。若君不修德,舟中之人皆敌国也\"。武侯曰:\"善\"。

魏置相,相田文。吴起不悦,谓田文曰:\"请与子论功,可乎\"?田文曰:\"可\"。起曰:\"将三军,使士卒乐死,敌国不敢谋,子孰与起\"?文曰:\"不如子\"。起曰:\"治百官,亲万民,实府库,子孰与起\"?文曰:\"不如子\"。起曰:\"守西河而秦兵不敢东乡,韩、赵宾从,子孰与起\"?文曰:\"不如子\"。起曰:\"此三者子皆出吾下,而位加吾上,何也\"?文曰:\"主少国疑,大臣未附,百姓不信,方是之时,属之子乎,属之我乎\"?起默然良久,曰:\"属之子矣\"。

【译文】

魏武侯乘船顺黄河而下,在中游的时候对吴起说:\"真美啊,险固的山河!这是魏国的宝呀\"!吴起回答:\"一国之宝,应是国君的德政而不是山河的险要。当初的三苗氏,左面有洞庭湖,右面有彭蠡湖,但由于他不修道德,被夏禹消灭了。夏桀所居住的地方,左边是黄河、济水,右边是泰华山,伊阙山在南边,羊肠阪在北边,由于他治国不施仁政,被商汤放逐了。商纣的国土,左边是孟门山,右边是太行山,常山在北面,黄河经过南边,因为他不行仁德,被周武王杀了。由此可见,国宝在于德政而不在于地势险要。如果君王不施德政,恐怕船上这些人也要成为您的敌人啊\"!魏武侯说:\"你说得太对了\"!

魏国设置国相时,任命田文为相。吴起心里很不是滋味,就与田文商谈:\"我和你谈论功劳如何\"?田文说:\"可以\"。吴起问:\"统率三军,使士兵乐于战死,敌国不敢侵略,你比我吴起如何\"?田文说:\"我不如你\"。吴起又问:\"整治百官,亲善百姓,使仓库充实,你比我吴起如何\"?田文说:\"我不如你\"。吴起接着问:\"镇守西河,使秦兵不敢向东侵犯,韩国、赵国听之任之,你比我吴起如何\"?田文仍然说:\"我不如你\"。吴起质问:\"这三条你都在我之下,而职位却在我之上,为什么呢\"?田文说:\"如今国君年幼,国家多疑难,大臣们不能齐心归附,老百姓不能信服,在这样的情况下,国家是嘱托给你好呢,还是嘱托给我好\"?吴起默然地想了想,回答说:\"嘱托给你\"!

资治通鉴原文加翻译9

【原文】

久之,魏相公叔尚魏公主而害吴起。公叔之仆曰:\"起易去也。起为人刚劲自喜,子先言于君曰:吴起,贤人也,而君之国小,臣恐起之无留心也,君盍试延以女?起无留心,则必辞矣。子因与起归而使公主辱子,起见公主之贱子也,必辞,则子之计中矣\"。公叔从之,吴起果辞公主。魏武侯疑之而未信,起惧诛,遂奔楚。

楚悼王素闻其贤,至则任之为相。起明法审令,捐不急之官,废公族疏远者,以抚养战斗之士,要在强兵,破游说之言从横者。于是南平百越,北却三晋,西伐秦,诸侯皆患楚之强,而楚之贵戚大臣多怨吴起者。

周安王二十一年(庚子,公元前381年)楚悼王薨,贵戚大臣作乱,攻吴起;起走之王尸而伏之。击起之徒因射刺起,并中王尸。既葬,肃王即位。使令尹尽诛为乱者,坐起夷宗者七十余家。

【译文】

过了很久,魏国国相公叔娶了公主为妻,忌妒吴起。他的仆人献计说:\"去除吴起很容易。吴起为人刚硬而沾沾自喜。您可以先对国君说:吴起是个杰出人才,但君主您的国家小,我担心他没有长留的心思。国君您何不试着要把女儿嫁给他,如果吴起没有久留之心,一定会拒绝的。主人您再与吴起一起回去,让公主羞辱您,吴起看到公主如此轻视您,一定会拒绝国君的婚事,这样您的计谋就实现了\"。公叔依计行事,吴起果然辞退了与公主的婚事。魏武侯对吴起起了疑心,更不敢再信任他。吴起害怕被诛杀,于是投奔了楚国。

楚悼王一向听说吴起是个人才,吴起一到楚国便封他为国相。吴起严明法纪,裁减掉不必要的闲官,废除了王族中疏远的亲戚,用来安抚奖励士兵,大力增强军力,破除合纵连横的流言。于是楚国向南平定了百越,向北抵挡住了韩、魏、赵三国的扩张,向西征讨秦国,各个诸侯国都害怕楚国的强大,但是楚国的王亲贵戚、权臣显要中却有很多人怨恨吴起。

公元前381年,楚悼王去世。楚国的贵族和大臣作乱,攻打吴起,吴起逃到悼王的尸体边,伏在上面。攻击吴起的暴徒用箭射吴起,还射到了悼王的尸体上。办完葬事,楚肃王即位。他命令楚国令尹全数剪灭作乱之人。因射吴起之事而被灭族的就有七十多家。

资治通鉴原文加翻译10

周纪商鞅变法

【原文】

周显王八年(庚申,公元前361年)

孝公令国中曰:\"昔我穆公,自岐、雍之间修德行武,东平晋乱,以河为界,西霸戎翟,广地千里,天子致伯,诸侯毕贺,为后世开业甚光美。会往者厉、躁、简公、出子之不宁,国家内忧,未遑外事。三晋攻夺我先君河西地,丑莫大焉。献公即位,镇抚边境,徙治栎阳,且欲东伐,复穆公之故地,修穆公之政令。寡人思念先君之意,常痛于心。宾客群臣有能出奇计强秦者,吾且尊官,与之分土\"。于是卫公孙鞅闻是令下,乃西入秦。

【译文】

周显王八年(庚申,公元前361年)

秦孝公在国中下令说:\"当年国君秦穆公。在岐山、雍地励精图治,向东平定了晋国之乱,以黄河划定国界,向西称霸于戎、翟等族,占地千里之阔,被周王委以重任,各诸侯国都来祝贺,所开辟的基业是多么伟大!只是后来历代国君厉公、躁公、简公及出子造成国内*不息,不得安宁,所以才无力顾及外事。魏、赵、韩三国夺去了先王所开创的黄河以西的领土,这是无比的耻辱。献公即位后,平定安抚边境,把都城迁到栎阳,并亲自前去治理,打算向东征讨,收复穆公时的旧地,重修穆公时的政策法令。我想到先君的未竟之志,常常痛心疾首。现在宾客群臣中谁能献上奇计,使秦国强大昌盛起来,我就赏他高官,封他土地\"。卫国的公孙鞅听到这道命令,就西行投奔秦国。

资治通鉴原文加翻译11

【原文】

公孙鞅者,卫之庶孙也,好刑名之学。事魏相公叔痤,痤知其贤,未及进。会病,魏惠王往问之曰:\"公叔病如有不可讳,将奈社稷何\"?公叔曰:\"痤之中庶子卫鞅,年虽少,有奇才,愿君举国而听之\"!王嘿然。公叔曰:\"君即不听用鞅,必杀之,无令出境\"。王许诺而去。公叔召鞅谢曰:\"吾先君而后臣,故先为君谋,后以告子。子必速行矣\"!鞅曰:\"君不能用子之言任臣,又安能用子之言杀臣乎\"?卒不去。王出,谓左右曰:\"公叔病甚,悲乎!欲令寡人以国听卫鞅也!既又劝寡人杀之,岂不悖哉\"!卫鞅既至秦,因嬖臣[1]景监以求见孝公,说以富国强兵之术。公大悦,与议国事。

【注解】

[1]嬖(bì)臣:受宠幸的近臣。

【译文】

公孙鞅是卫国宗族旁支子孙,喜好法家刑名的学说。他侍奉魏国国相公叔痤的时候,公叔痤知道他是有才能的人,但还未来得及向国君推荐重用,就身患重病卧床不起了。魏惠王前来看望公叔痤,问道:\"您如果有个三长两短,国家大事该如何处置呢\"?公叔痤说:\"我的中庶子公孙鞅,虽然年纪轻,却有奇才,希望国君把国家交给他来治理,并且信任他\"!魏惠王默然不语。公叔痤又说:\"如果您不采纳我的建议而重用公孙鞅,那就必须杀掉他,不能让他离开魏国\"。魏惠王答应后离开。公叔痤又召见公孙鞅,深怀歉意地说:\"我必须先忠于君主,再照顾属下,所以先为国君出谋划策,再把详情告诉你。你赶快逃走吧\"!公孙鞅回答:\"国君不听从您的意见重用我,又怎会听从您的意见杀我呢\"?他最后还是没有逃走。魏惠王离开公叔痤以后,对左右近臣说:\"公叔痤病入膏肓,真是太可悲了!他先让我把国家交给公孙鞅去治理,一会儿又劝我杀了他,这岂不是前后矛盾了吗\"?公孙鞅到了秦国,靠着一位叫景监的宠臣推荐,见到了秦孝公,并向秦孝公陈述了自己富国强兵的办法,孝公十分高兴,便和他一起商讨国事。

第17篇:初中生文言文加翻译

文言文是中国古代的一种书面语言组成的文章,下面小编收集了初中生文言文加翻译,供大家参考。

孙权劝学

宋朝:司马光 撰

初,权谓吕蒙曰:“卿今当涂掌事,不可不学!”蒙辞以军中多务。权曰:“孤岂欲卿治经为博士邪?但当涉猎,见往事耳。卿言多务,孰若孤?孤常读书,自以为大有所益。”蒙乃始就学。及鲁肃过寻阳,与蒙论议,大惊曰:“卿今者才略,非复吴下阿蒙!”蒙曰:“士别三日,即更刮目相待,大兄何见事之晚乎!”肃遂拜蒙母,结友而别。

翻译

当初,孙权对吕蒙说道:“你现在当权管事,不可以不学习!”吕蒙用军中事务繁多来推托。孙权说道:“我难道想要你研究儒家经典,成为博士(专掌经学传授的学官)吗?我只是让你粗略地阅读,了解历史罢了。你说军务繁多,谁比得上我(事务多)呢?我经常读书,自己觉得获益很多。”吕蒙于是开始学习。当鲁肃到寻阳的时候,鲁肃和吕蒙一起谈论议事,鲁肃十分吃惊地说道:“你现在的军事方面和政治方面的才能和谋略,不再是原来的那个吴县的(没有学识的)阿蒙了!”吕蒙说道:“志士(君子)分别几天,就要重新另眼看待了,长兄你认清事物怎么这么晚呢?”于是鲁肃拜见吕蒙的母亲,和吕蒙结为朋友后分别了。

陋室铭

唐代:刘禹锡

山不在高,有仙则名。水不在深,有龙则灵。斯是陋室,惟吾德馨。苔痕上阶绿,草色入帘青。谈笑有鸿儒,往来无白丁。可以调素琴,阅金经。无丝竹之乱耳,无案牍之劳形。南阳诸葛庐,西蜀子云亭。孔子云:何陋之有?

翻译

山不在于高,有了神仙就出名。水不在于深,有了龙就显得有了灵气。这是简陋的房子,只是我(住屋的人)品德好(就感觉不到简陋了)。长到台阶上的苔痕颜色碧绿;草色青葱,映入帘中。到这里谈笑的都是知识渊博的大学者,交往的没有知识浅薄的人,可以弹奏不加装饰的古琴,阅读佛经。没有奏乐的声音扰乱双耳,没有官府的公文使身体劳累。南阳有诸葛亮的草庐,西蜀有扬子云的亭子。孔子说道:有什么简陋的呢?

满井游记

明代:袁宏道

燕地寒,花朝节后,余寒犹厉。冻风时作,作则飞沙走砾。局促一室之内,欲出不得。每冒风驰行,未百步辄返。

廿二日天稍和,偕数友出东直,至满井。高柳夹堤,土膏微润,一望空阔,若脱笼之鹄。于时冰皮始解,波色乍明,鳞浪层层,清澈见底,晶晶然如镜之新开而冷光之乍出于匣也。山峦为晴雪所洗,娟然如拭,鲜妍明媚,如倩女之靧面而髻鬟之始掠也。柳条将舒未舒,柔梢披风,麦田浅鬣寸许。游人虽未盛,泉而茗者,罍而歌者,红装而蹇者,亦时时有。风力虽尚劲,然徒步则汗出浃背。凡曝沙之鸟,呷浪之鳞,悠然自得,毛羽鳞鬣之间皆有喜气。始知郊田之外未始无春,而城居者未之知也。

夫不能以游堕事而潇然于山石草木之间者,惟此官也。而此地适与余近,余之游将自此始,恶能无纪?己亥之二月也。

翻译

北京一带气候寒冷,花朝节过后,冬天余下的寒气还很厉害。冷风时常刮起,刮起就飞沙走石。拘束在一室之中,想出去不可得。每次冒风疾行,不到百步就(被迫)返回。

二十二日天气略微暖和,偕同几个朋友出东直门,到满井。高大的柳树夹立堤旁,肥沃的土地有些湿润,一望空旷开阔,(觉得自己)好像是逃脱笼子的天鹅。这时河的冰面刚刚融化,波光才刚刚开始明亮,像鱼鳞似的浪纹一层一层,清澈得可以看到河底,光亮的样子,好像明镜新打开,清冷的光辉突然从镜匣中射出来一样。山峦被晴天融化的积雪洗过,美好的样子,好像刚擦过一样;娇艳光亮,(又)像美丽的少女洗了脸刚梳好的髻寰一样。柳条将要舒展却还没有舒展,柔软的梢头在风中散开,麦苗破土而出,短小如兽颈上的毛,才一寸左右。游人虽然还不旺盛,(但)用泉水煮茶喝的,拿着酒杯唱歌的,身着艳装骑驴的,也时时能看到。风力虽然还很强,然而走路就汗流浃背。举凡(那些)在沙滩上晒太阳的鸟,浮到水面上戏水的鱼,都悠然自得,一切动物都透出喜悦的气息。(我这)才知道郊野之外未曾没有春天,可住在城里的人(却)不知道啊。

不会因为游玩而耽误公事,能无拘无束潇洒在山石草木之间游玩的,恐怕只这个职位了。而此地正好离我近,我将从现在开始出游,怎能没有记述?(这是)明万历二十七年二月啊。

观潮

宋朝:周密

浙江之潮,天下之伟观也。自既望以至十八日为盛。方其远出海门,仅如银线;既而渐近,则玉城雪岭际天而来,大声如雷霆,震撼激射,吞天沃日,势极雄豪。杨诚斋诗云“海涌银为郭,江横玉系腰”者是也。

每岁京尹出浙江亭教阅水军,艨艟数百,分列两岸;既而尽奔腾分合五阵之势,并有乘骑弄旗标枪舞刀于水面者,如履平地。倏尔黄烟四起,人物略不相睹,水爆轰震,声如崩山。烟消波静,则一舸无迹,仅有“敌船”为火所焚,随波而逝。

吴儿善泅者数百,皆披发文身,手持十幅大彩旗,争先鼓勇,溯迎而上,出没于鲸波万仞中,腾身百变,而旗尾略不沾湿,以此夸能。

江干上下十余里间,珠翠罗绮溢目,车马塞途,饮食百物皆倍穹常时,而僦赁看幕,虽席地不容间也。

翻译

钱塘江的潮水,是天下雄伟的景观。从(农历)八月十六日到十八日潮水是最壮观的。当潮水远远地从钱塘江入海口涌起的时候,(远看)几乎像一条银白色的线;不久(潮水)越来越近,玉城雪岭一般的潮水连天涌来,声音大得像雷霆万钧,震撼天地,激扬喷射 ,吞没天空,冲荡太阳,气势极其雄伟豪壮。诗人杨万里的诗中说的“海涌银为郭,江横玉系腰”就是指这样的景象。

每年的农历八月京都临安府长官来到浙江亭教阅水军,几百艘战船分列两岸;不久水军的战船演习五阵的阵势,忽而疾驶,忽而腾起,忽而分,忽而合,极尽种种变化,同时有在水面上骑马、舞旗、举枪、挥刀的人,好像踩在平地上一样安稳。忽然黄色的烟雾从四面升起,人和物彼此一点儿也看不见,只听得水爆的轰鸣声,声音像山崩塌一样。(等到)烟雾消散,水波平静,就一条船的踪影也没有了,只剩下被火烧毁的“敌船”,随波而去。

几百个善于泅水的吴地健儿,披散着头发,身上画着文彩,手里拿着十幅大彩旗,争先恐后,鼓足勇气,逆流迎着潮水而上,在万仞高的巨浪中忽隐忽现,翻腾着身子变换各种姿态,但是旗尾却一点也不被水沾湿,凭借这种表演来显示他们高超的技能。

江岸上下游十多里的地方,满眼都是穿着华丽的服饰的观众,车马堵塞道路,吃喝等各种物品的价钱比平时要高出很多倍。租用看棚的人非常的多,中间即使是一席之地也不容有。

第18篇:孙子兵法原文加翻译

《孙子兵法》它是世界公认的现存最古老的军事理论著作。下面是小编整理的孙子兵法原文加翻译,希望对你有帮助。

始计第一

孙子曰:兵者,国之大事,死生之地,存亡之道,不可不察也。故经之以五事,校之以计,而索其情:一曰道,二曰天,三曰地,四曰将,五曰法。道者,令民于上同意,可与之死,可与之生,而不危也;天者,阴阳、寒暑、时制也;地者,远近、险易、广狭、死生也;将者,智、信、仁、勇、严也;法者,曲制、官道、主用也。凡此五者,将莫不闻,知之者胜,不知之者不胜。故校之以计,而索其情,曰:主孰有道?将孰有能?天地孰得?法令孰行?兵众孰强?士卒孰练?赏罚孰明?吾以此知胜负矣。将听吾计,用之必胜,留之;将不听吾计,用之必败,去之。计利以听,乃为之势,以佐其外。势者,因利而制权也。兵者,诡道也。故能而示之不能,用而示之不用,近而示之远,远而示之近。利而诱之,乱而取之,实而备之,强而避之,怒而挠之,卑而骄之,佚而劳之,亲而离之,攻其无备,出其不意。此兵家之胜,不可先传也。夫未战而庙算胜者,得算多也;未战而庙算不胜者,得算少也。多算胜少算,而况于无算乎!吾以此观之,胜负见矣。

译文:【始计第一】

1.孙子说:战争是一个国家的头等大事,关系到军民的生死,国家的存亡,是不能不慎重周密地观察、分析、研究。

2.因此,必须通过敌我双方五个方面的分析,七种情况的比较,得到详情,来预测战争胜负的可能性。

3.一是道,二是天,三是地,四是将,五是法。道,指君主和民众目标相同,意志统一,可以同生共死,而不会惧怕危险。天,指昼夜、阴晴、寒暑、四季更替。地,指地势的高低,路程的远近,地势的险要、平坦与否,战场的广阔、狭窄,是生地还是死地等地理条件。将,指将领足智多谋,赏罚有信,对部下真心关爱,勇敢果断,军纪严明。法,指组织结构,责权划分,人员编制,管理制度,资源保障,物资调配。对这五个方面,将领都不能不做深刻了解。了解就能胜利,否则就不能胜利。4.所以,要通过对双方各种情况的考察分析,并据此加以比较,从而来预测战争胜负。哪一方的君主是有道明君,能得民心?哪一方的将领更有能力?哪一方占有天时地利?哪一方的法规、法令更能严格执行?哪一方资源更充足,装备更精良,兵员更广大?哪一方的士兵训练更有素,更有战斗力?哪一方的赏罚更公正严明?通过这些比较,我就知道了胜负。

5.将领听从我的计策,任用他必胜,我就留下他;将领不听从我的计策,任用他必败,我就辞退他。听从了有利于克敌制胜的计策,还要创造一种势态,作为协助我方军事行动的外部条件。势,就是按照我方建立优势、掌握战争主动权的需要,根据具体情况采取不同的相应措施。

6.用兵作战,就是诡诈。因此,有能力而装做没有能力,实际上要攻打而装做不攻打,欲攻打近处却装做攻打远处,攻打远处却装做攻打近处。对方贪利就用利益诱惑他,对方混乱就趁机攻取他,对方强大就要防备他,对方暴躁易怒就可以撩拨他怒而失去理智,对方自卑而谨慎就使他骄傲自大,对方体力充沛就使其劳累,对方内部亲密团结就挑拨离间,要攻打对方没有防备的地方,在对方没有料到的时机发动进攻。这些都是军事家克敌制胜的诀窍,不可先传泄于人也。

7.在未战之前,经过周密的分析、比较、谋划,如果结论是我方占据的有利条件多,有

八、九成的胜利把握;或者如果结论是我方占据的有利条件少,只有

六、七成的胜利把握,则只有前一种情况在实战时才可能取胜。如果在战前干脆就不做周密的分析、比较,或分析、比较的结论是我方只有五成以下的胜利把握,那在实战中就不可能获胜。仅根据庙算的结果,不用实战,胜负就显而易见了。

作战第二

孙子曰:凡用兵之法,驰车千驷,革车千乘,带甲十万,千里馈粮。则内外之费,宾客之用,胶漆之材,车甲之奉,日费千金,然后十万之师举矣。其用战也,胜久则钝兵挫锐,攻城则力屈,久暴师则国用不足。夫钝兵挫锐,屈力殚货,则诸侯乘其弊而起,虽有智者不能善其后矣。故兵闻拙速,未睹巧之久也。夫兵久而国利者,未之有也。故不尽知用兵之害者,则不能尽知用兵之利也。

善用兵者,役不再籍,粮不三载,取用于国,因粮于敌,故军食可足也。国之贫于师者远输,远输则百姓贫;近师者贵卖,贵卖则百姓财竭,财竭则急于丘役。力屈中原、内虚于家,百姓之费,十去其七;公家之费,破军罢马,甲胄矢弓,戟盾矛橹,丘牛大车,十去其六。故智将务食于敌,食敌一钟,当吾二十钟;□①杆一石,当吾二十石。故杀敌者,怒也;取敌之利者,货也。车战得车十乘以上,赏其先得者而更其旌旗。车杂而乘之,卒善而养之,是谓胜敌而益强。故兵贵胜,不贵久。故知兵之将,民之司命。国家安危之主也。

【注:】

①:“忌”加“艹”头。

译文:【作战第二】

1.孙子说:要兴兵作战,需做的物资准备有,轻车千辆,重车千辆,全副武装的士兵十万,并向千里之外运送粮食。那么前后方的军内外开支,招待使节、策士的用度,用于武器维修的胶漆等材料费用,保养战车、甲胄的支出等,每天要消耗千金。按照这样的标准准备之后,十万大军才可出发上战场。

2.因此,军队作战就要求速胜,如果拖的很久则军队必然疲惫,挫失锐气。一旦攻城,则兵力将耗尽,长期在外作战还必然导致国家财用不足。如果军队因久战疲惫不堪,锐气受挫,军事实力耗尽,国内物资枯竭,其他诸侯必定趁火打劫。这样,即使足智多谋之士也无良策来挽救危亡了。所以,在实际作战中,只听说将领缺少高招难以速胜,却没有见过指挥高明巧于持久作战的。战争旷日持久而有利于国家的事,从来没有过。所以,不能详尽地了解用兵的害处,就不能全面地了解用兵的益处。

3.善于用兵的人,不用再次征集兵员,不用多次运送军粮。武器装备由国内供应,从敌人那里设法夺取粮食,这样军队的粮草就可以充足了。国家之所以因作战而贫困,是由于军队远征,不得不进行长途运输。长途运输必然导致百姓贫穷。驻军附近处物价必然飞涨,物价飞涨,必然导致物资枯竭,物财枯竭,赋税和劳役必然加重。在战场上,军力耗尽,在国内财源枯竭,百姓私家财产损耗十分之七。公家的财产,由于车辆破损,马匹疲惫,盔甲、弓箭、矛戟、盾牌、牛车的损失,而耗去十分之六。

4.所以明智的将军,一定要在敌国解决粮草,从敌国搞到一钟的粮食,就相当于从本国启运时的二十钟,在当地取得饲料一石,相当于从本国启运时的二十石。

5.所以,要使士兵拼死杀敌,就必须怒之,激励之。要使士兵勇于夺取敌方的军需物资,就必须以缴获的财物作奖赏。所以,在车战中,抢夺十辆车以上的,就奖赏最先抢得战车的。而夺得的战车,要立即换上我方的旗帜,把抢得的战车编入我方车队。要善待俘虏,使他们有归顺之心。这就是战胜敌人而使自己越发强大的方法。

6.所以,作战最重要、最有利的是速胜,最不宜的是旷日持久。真正懂得用兵之道、深知用兵利害的将帅,掌握着民众的的生死,主宰着国家的安危。

谋攻第三

孙子曰:夫用兵之法,全国为上,破国次之;全军为上,破军次之;全旅为上,破旅次之;全卒为上,破卒次之;全伍为上,破伍次之。是故百战百胜,非善之善也;不战而屈人之兵,善之善者也。故上兵伐谋,其次伐交,其次伐兵,其下攻城。攻城之法,为不得已。修橹□①□②,具器械,三月而后成;距堙,又三月而后已。将不胜其忿而蚁附之,杀士卒三分之一,而城不拔者,此攻之灾也。故善用兵者,屈人之兵而非战也,拔人之城而非攻也,毁人之国而非久也,必以全争于天下,故兵不顿而利可全,此谋攻之法也。故用兵之法,十则围之,五则攻之,倍则分之,敌则能战之,少则能逃之,不若则能避之。故小敌之坚,大敌之擒也。夫将者,国之辅也。辅周则国必强,辅隙则国必弱。故君之所以患于军者三:不知军之不可以进而谓之进,不知军之不可以退而谓之退,是谓縻军;不知三军之事而同三军之政,则军士惑矣;不知三军之权而同三军之任,则军士疑矣。三军既惑且疑,则诸侯之难至矣。是谓乱军引胜。故知胜有五:知可以战与不可以战者胜,识众寡之用者胜,上下同欲者胜,以虞待不虞者胜,将能而君不御者胜。此五者,知胜之道也。故曰:知己知彼,百战不贻;不知彼而知己,一胜一负;不知彼不知己,每战必败。

【注:】

①:[车贲]。

②:“温”字“氵”旁换“车”旁。

译文:【谋攻第三】

1.孙子说:战争的原则是:使敌人举国降服是上策,用武力击破敌国就次一等;使敌人全军降服是上策,击败敌军就次一等;使敌人全旅降服是上策,击破敌旅就次一等;使敌人全卒降服是上策,击破敌卒就次一等;使敌人全伍降服是上策,击破敌伍就次一等。所以,百战百胜,算不上是最高明的;不通过交战就降服全体敌人,才是最高明的。

2.所以,上等的军事行动是用谋略挫败敌方的战略意图或战争行为,其次就是用外交战胜敌人,再次是用武力击败敌军,最下之策是攻打敌人的城池。攻城,是不得已而为之,是没有办法的办法。制造大盾牌和四轮车,准备攻城的所有器具,起码得三个月。堆筑攻城的土山,起码又得三个月。如果将领难以拟制焦躁情绪,命令士兵象蚂蚁一样爬墙攻城,尽管士兵死伤三分之一,而城池却依然没有攻下,这就是攻城带来的灾难。所以善用兵者,不通过打仗就使敌人屈服,不通过攻城就使敌城投降,摧毁敌国不需长期作战,一定要用“全胜”的策略争胜于天下,从而既不使国力兵力受挫,又获得了全面胜利的利益。这就是谋攻的方法。

3.所以,在实际作战中运用的原则是:我十倍于敌,就实施围歼,五倍于敌就实施进攻,两倍于敌就要努力战胜敌军,势均力敌则设法分散各个击破之。兵力弱于敌人,就避免作战。所以,弱小的一方若死拼固守,那就会成为强大敌人的俘虏。

4.将帅,国家之辅助也。辅助之谋缜密周详,则国家必然强大,辅助之谋疏漏失当,则国家必然衰弱。所以,国君对军队的危害有三种:不知道军队不可以前进而下令前进,不知道军队不可以后退而下令后退,这叫做束缚军队;不知道军队的战守之事、内部事务而同理三军之政,将士们会无所适从;不知道军队战略战术的权宜变化,却干预军队的指挥,将士就会疑虑。军队既无所适从,又疑虑重重,诸侯就会趁机兴兵作难。这就是自乱其军,坐失胜机。

5.所以,预见胜利有五个方面:能准确判断仗能打或不能打的,胜;知道根据敌我双方兵力的多少采取对策者,胜;全国上下,全军上下,意愿一致、同心协力的,胜;以有充分准备来对付毫无准备的,胜;主将精通军事、精于权变,君主又不加干预的,胜。以上就是预见胜利的方法。

6.所以说:了解敌方也了解自己,每一次战斗都不会有危险;不了解对方但了解自己,胜负的机率各半;既不了解对方又不了解自己,每战必败。

军形第四

孙子曰:昔之善战者,先为不可胜,以待敌之可胜。不可胜在己,可胜在敌。故善战者,能为不可胜,不能使敌之必可胜。故曰:胜可知,而不可为。不可胜者,守也;可胜者,攻也。守则不足,攻则有余。善守者藏于九地之下,善攻者动于九天之上,故能自保而全胜也。见胜不过众人之所知,非善之善者也;战胜而天下曰善,非善之善者也。故举秋毫不为多力,见日月不为明目,闻雷霆不为聪耳。古之所谓善战者,胜于易胜者也。故善战者之胜也,无智名,无勇功,故其战胜不忒。不忒者,其所措胜,胜已败者也。故善战者,立于不败之地,而不失敌之败也。是故胜兵先胜而后求战,败兵先战而后求胜。善用兵者,修道而保法,故能为胜败之政。兵法:一曰度,二曰量,三曰数,四曰称,五曰胜。地生度,度生量,量生数,数生称,称生胜。故胜兵若以镒称铢,败兵若以铢称镒。称胜者之战民也,若决积水于千仞之溪者,形也。

译文:【军形第四】

1.孙子说:以前善于用兵作战的人,总是首先创造自己不可战胜的条件,并等待可以战胜敌人的机会。使自己不被战胜,其主动权掌握在自己手中;敌人能否被战胜,在于敌人是否给我们以可乘之机。所以,善于作战的人只能够使自己不被战胜,而不能使敌人一定会被我军战胜。所以说,胜利可以预见,却不能强求。

2.敌人无可乘之机,不能被战胜,且防守以待之;敌人有可乘之机,能够被战胜,则出奇攻而取之。防守是因为我方兵力不足,进攻是因为兵力超过对方。善于防守的,隐藏自己的兵力如同在深不可测的地下;善于进攻的部队就象从天而降,敌不及防。这样,才能保全自己而获得全胜。

3.预见胜利不能超过平常人的见识,算不上最高明:交战而后取胜,即使天下都称赞,也不算上最高明。正如举起秋毫称不上力大,能看见日月算不上视力好,听见雷鸣算不上耳聪。古代所谓善于用兵的人,只是战胜了那些容易战胜的敌人。所以,真正善于用兵的人,没有智慧过人的名声,没有勇武盖世的战功,而他既能打胜仗又不出任何闪失,原因在于其谋划、措施能够保证,他所战胜的是已经注定失败的敌人。所以善于打战的人,不但使自己始终处于不被战胜的境地,也决不会放过任何可以击败敌人的机会。

4.所以,打胜仗的军队总是在具备了必胜的条件之后才交战,而打败仗的部队总是先交战,在战争中企图侥幸取胜。善于用兵的人,潜心研究致胜之道,修明政治,坚持致胜的法制,所以能主宰胜败。

5.兵法:一是度,即估算土地的面积,二是量,即推算物资资源的容量,三是数,即统计兵源的数量,四是称,即比较双方的军事综合实力,五是胜,即得出胜负的判断。土地面积的大小决定物力、人力资源的容量,资源的容量决定可投入部队的数目,部队的数目决定双方兵力的强弱,双方兵力的强弱得出胜负的概率。

6.获胜的军队对于失败的一方就如同用“镒”来称“铢”,具有绝对优势优势,而失败的军队对于获胜的一方就如同用“铢”来称“镒”。胜利者一方打仗,就象积水从千仞高的山涧冲决而出,势不可挡,这就是军事实力的表现。

兵势第五

孙子曰:凡治众如治寡,分数是也;斗众如斗寡,形名是也;三军之众,可使必受敌而无败者,奇正是也;兵之所加,如以□①投卵者,虚实是也。凡战者,以正合,以奇胜。故善出奇者,无穷如天地,不竭如江海。终而复始,日月是也。死而更生,四时是也。声不过五,五声之变,不可胜听也;色不过五,五色之变,不可胜观也;味不过五,五味之变,不可胜尝也;战势不过奇正,奇正之变,不可胜穷也。奇正相生,如循环之无端,孰能穷之哉!激水之疾,至于漂石者,势也;鸷鸟之疾,至于毁折者,节也。故善战者,其势险,其节短。势如扩弩,节如发机。纷纷纭纭,斗乱而不可乱;浑浑沌沌,形圆而不可败。乱生于治,怯生于勇,弱生于强。治乱,数也;勇怯,势也;强弱,形也。故善动敌者,形之,敌必从之;予之,敌必取之。以利动之,以卒待之。故善战者,求之于势,不责于人故能择人而任势。任势者,其战人也,如转木石。木石之性,安则静,危则动,方则止,圆则行。故善战人之势,如转圆石于千仞之山者,势也。

【注:】

①:“瑕”的“王”旁换“石”旁。

译文:【兵势第五】

1.治理大军团就象治理小部队一样有效,是依靠合理的组织、结构、编制;指挥大军团作战就象指挥小部队作战一样到位,是依靠明确、高效的信号指挥系统;整个部队与敌对抗而不会失败,是依靠正确运用“奇正”的变化:攻击敌军,如同用石头砸鸡蛋一样容易,关键在于以实击虚。

2.大凡作战,都是以正兵作正面交战,而用奇兵去出奇制胜。善于运用奇兵的人,其战法的变化就象天地运行一样无穷无尽,象江海一样永不枯竭。象日月运行一样,终而复始;与四季更迭一样,去而复来。宫、商、角、徵、羽不过五音,然而五音的组合变化,永远也听不完;红、黄、蓝、白、黑不过五色,但五种色调的组合变化,永远看不完;酸、甜、苦、辣、咸不过五味,而五种味道的组合变化,永远也尝不完。战争中军事实力的运用不过“奇”、“正”两种,而“奇”、“正”的组合变化,永远无穷无尽。奇正相生、相互转化,就好比圆环旋绕,无始无终,谁能穷尽呢。

3.湍急的流水所以能漂动大石,是因为使它产生巨大冲击力的势能;猛禽搏击雀鸟,一举可致对手于死地,是因为它掌握了最有利于爆发冲击力的时空位置,节奏迅猛。所以善于作战的指挥者,他所造成的态势是险峻的,进攻的节奏是短促有力的。“势险”就如同满弓待发的弩那样蓄势,“节短”正如搏动弩机那样突然。

4.旌旗纷纷,人马纭纭,双方混战,战场上事态万端,但自己的指挥、组织、阵脚不能乱;混混沌吨,迷迷蒙蒙,两军搅作一团,但胜利在我把握之中。双方交战,一方之乱,是因为对方治军更严整:一方怯懦,是因为对方更勇敢;一方弱小,是因为对方更强大。军队治理有序或者混乱,在于其组织编制;士兵勇敢或者胆怯,在于部队所营造的态势和声势;军力强大或者弱小,在于部队日常训练所造就的内在实力。

5.善于调动敌军的人,向敌军展示一种或真或假的军情,敌军必然据此判断而跟从;给予敌军一点实际利益作为诱饵,敌军必然趋利而来,从而听我调动。一方面用这些办法调动敌军,一方面要严阵以待。6.所以,善战者追求形成有利的“势”,而不是苛求士兵,因而能选择人才去适应和利用已形成的“势”。善于创造有利“势”的将领,指挥部队作战就象转动木头和石头。木石的性情是处于平坦地势上就静止不动,处于陡峭的斜坡上就滚动,方形容易静止,圆形容易滚动。所以,善于指挥打仗的人所造就的“势”,就象让圆石从极高极陡的山上滚下来一样,来势凶猛。这就是所谓的“势”。

虚实第六

孙子曰:凡先处战地而待敌者佚,后处战地而趋战者劳。故善战者,致人而不致于人。能使敌人自至者,利之也;能使敌人不得至者,害之也。故敌佚能劳之,饱能饥之,安能动之。出其所必趋,趋其所不意。行千里而不劳者,行于无人之地也;攻而必取者,攻其所不守也。守而必固者,守其所必攻也。故善攻者,敌不知其所守;善守者,敌不知其所攻。微乎微乎,至于无形;神乎神乎,至于无声,故能为敌之司命。进而不可御者,冲其虚也;退而不可追者,速而不可及也。故我欲战,敌虽高垒深沟,不得不与我战者,攻其所必救也;我不欲战,虽画地而守之,敌不得与我战者,乖其所之也。故形人而我无形,则我专而敌分。我专为一,敌分为十,是以十攻其一也。则我众敌寡,能以众击寡者,则吾之所与战者约矣。吾所与战之地不可知,不可知则敌所备者多,敌所备者多,则吾所与战者寡矣。故备前则后寡,备后则前寡,备左则右寡,备右则左寡,无所不备,则无所不寡。寡者,备人者也;众者,使人备己者也。故知战之地,知战之日,则可千里而会战;不知战之地,不知战日,则左不能救右,右不能救左,前不能救后,后不能救前,而况远者数十里,近者数里乎!以吾度之,越人之兵虽多,亦奚益于胜哉!故曰:胜可为也。敌虽众,可使无斗。故策之而知得失之计,候之而知动静之理,形之而知死生之地,角之而知有余不足之处。故形兵之极,至于无形。无形则深间不能窥,智者不能谋。因形而措胜于众,众不能知。人皆知我所以胜之形,而莫知吾所以制胜之形。故其战胜不复,而应形于无穷。夫兵形象水,水之行避高而趋下,兵之形避实而击虚;水因地而制流,兵因敌而制胜。故兵无常势,水无常形。能因敌变化而取胜者,谓之神。故五行无常胜,四时无常位,日有短长,月有死生。

译文:【虚实第六】

1.孙子说,大凡先期到达战地等待敌军的就精力充沛、主动安逸,而后到达战地匆忙投入战斗的就被动劳累。所以,善战者调动敌人而决不为敌人所调动。能够调动敌人使之自动前来我预想的战地,是用利益来引诱;能使敌人不能先我来到战场,是设置障碍、多方阻挠的结果。所以,敌人若处军安逸,能使之疲劳;若敌人粮食充足就能使之匮乏;若敌人安然不动,就能使他不得不行动起来。

2.通过敌人不设防的地区进军,在敌人预料不到的时间,向敌人预料不到的地点攻击。进军千里而不疲惫,是因为走在敌军无人抵抗或无力抵抗的地区,如入无人之境。我进攻就一定会获胜,是因为攻击的是敌人疏于防守的地方。我防守一定稳固,是因为守住了敌人一定会进攻的地方。所以善于进攻的,能做到使敌方不知道在哪防守,不知道怎样防守。而善于防守的,使敌人不知道从哪进攻,不知怎样进攻。深奥啊,精妙啊,竟然见不到一点形迹;神奇啊,玄妙啊,居然不漏出一点消息。所以能成为敌人命运的主宰。

3.进攻时,敌人无法抵御,那是攻击了敌人兵力空虚的地方;撤退时,敌人无法追击,那是行动迅速敌人无法追上。所以我军要交战,敌人就算垒高墙挖深沟,也不得不出来与我军交战,是因为我军攻击了它非救不可的要害之处;我军不想与敌军交战,虽然只是在地上画出界限权作防守,敌人也无法与我军交战,原因是我已设法改变了敌军进攻的方向。

4.所以,使敌军处于暴露状态而我军处于隐蔽状态,这样我军兵力就可以集中而敌军兵力就不得不分散。(如果敌我总兵力相当),我集中兵力与一点,而敌人分散为十处,我就是以十对一。这样,(在局部战场上)就出现我众敌寡的态势,在这种态势下,则我军所与战者用力少而成功多也。敌军不知道我军所预定的战场在哪里,就会处处分兵防备,防备的地方越多,能够与我军在特定的地点直接交战的敌军就越少。所以防备前面,则后面兵力不足,防备后面,则前面兵力不足,防备左方,则右方兵力不足,防备右方,则左方兵力不足,所有的地方都防备,则所有的地方都兵力不足。兵力不足,全是因为分兵防御敌人;兵力充足,是由于迫使敌人分兵防御我。

5.所以,既预知与敌人交战的地点,又预知交战的时间,即使行军千里也可以与敌人交战。不能预知与敌人交战的地点,又不能预知交战的时间,仓促遇敌,就会左军不能救右军,右军不能救左军,前军不能救后军,后军不能救前军,何况远的相距十里,近的也有好几里呢。依我对吴国所作的分析,越国虽然兵多,但对他的胜利又有什么帮助呢?所以说:胜利是可以创造的,敌人虽然兵多,却可以使敌人无法有效地参加战斗。

6.通过仔细分析可以判断敌人作战计划的优劣得失;通过挑动敌人,可以了解敌方的活动规律;通过“示形”,可以弄清地形是否对敌有利;通过试探性进攻,可以探明敌方兵力布置的强弱多寡。所以,示形诱敌的方法运用得极其巧妙时,一点破绽也没有。到这种境地,即使隐藏再深的间谍也不能探明我的虚实,智慧高超的敌手也想不出对付我的办法。根据敌情采取制胜的策略,即使摆在众人面前,众人也理解不了。人们都知道我克敌制胜的方法,却不能知道我是怎样运用这些方法制胜的。所以战胜敌人的战略战术每次都是不一样的,应适应敌情灵活运用。

7.兵的性态就象水一样,水流动时是避开高处流向低处,用兵取胜的关键是避开设防严密实力强大的敌人而攻击其薄弱环节;水根据地势来决定流向,军队根据敌情来采取制胜的方略。所以用兵作战没有一成不变的态势,正如流水没有固定的形状和去向。能够根据敌情的变化而取胜的,就叫做用兵如神。金、木、水、火、土这五行相生相克,没有哪一个常胜;四季相继相代,没有哪一个固定不移,白天的时间有长有短,月亮有圆也有缺。万物皆处于流变状态。

军争第七

孙子曰:凡用兵之法,将受命于君,合军聚众,交和而舍,莫难于军争。军争之难者,以迂为直,以患为利。故迂其途,而诱之以利,后人发,先人至,此知迂直之计者也。军争为利,军争为危。举军而争利则不及,委军而争利则辎重捐。是故卷甲而趋,日夜不处,倍道兼行,百里而争利,则擒三将军,劲者先,疲者后,其法十一而至;五十里而争利,则蹶上将军,其法半至;三十里而争利,则三分之二至。是故军无辎重则亡,无粮食则亡,无委积则亡。故不知诸侯之谋者,不能豫交;不知山林、险阻、沮泽之形者,不能行军;不用乡导者,不能得地利。故兵以诈立,以利动,以分和为变者也。故其疾如风,其徐如林,侵掠如火,不动如山,难知如阴,动如雷震。掠乡分众,廓地分利,悬权而动。先知迂直之计者胜,此军争之法也。《军政》曰:“言不相闻,故为之金鼓;视不相见,故为之旌旗。”夫金鼓旌旗者,所以一民之耳目也。民既专一,则勇者不得独进,怯者不得独退,此用众之法也。故夜战多金鼓,昼战多旌旗,所以变人之耳目也。三军可夺气,将军可夺心。是故朝气锐,昼气惰,暮气归。善用兵者,避其锐气,击其惰归,此治气者也。以治待乱,以静待哗,此治心者也。以近待远,以佚待劳,以饱待饥,此治力者也。无邀正正之旗,无击堂堂之陈,此治变者也。故用兵之法,高陵勿向,背丘勿逆,佯北勿从,锐卒勿攻,饵兵勿食,归师勿遏,围师遗阙,穷寇勿迫,此用兵之法也。

译文:【军争第七】

1.孙子说:用兵的原则,将领接受君命,从召集军队,安营扎寨,到开赴战场与敌对峙,没有比率先争得制胜的条件更难的事了。“军争”中最困难的地方就在于以迂回进军的方式实现更快到达预定战场的目的,把看似不利的条件变为有利的条件。所以,由于我迂回前进,又对敌诱之以利,使敌不知我意欲何去,因而出发虽后,却能先于敌人到达战地。能这么做,就是知道迂直之计的人。

2.“军争”为了有利,但“军争”也有危险。带着全部辎重去争利,就会影响行军速度,不能先敌到达战地;丢下辎重轻装去争利,装备辎重就会损失。卷甲急进,白天黑夜不休息地急行军,奔跑百里去争利,则三军的将领有可能会被俘获。健壮的士兵能够先到战场,疲惫的士兵必然落后,只有十分之一的人马如期到达;强行军五十里去争利,先头部队的主将必然受挫,而军士一般仅有一半如期到达;强行军三十里去争利,一般只有三分之二的人马如期到达。这样,部队没有辎重就不能生存,没有粮食供应就不能生存,没有战备物资储备就无以生存。

3.所以不了解诸侯各国的图谋,就不要和他们结成联盟;不知道山林、险阻和沼泽的地形分布,不能行军;不使用向导,就不能掌握和利用有利的地形。所以,用兵是凭借施诡诈出奇兵而获胜的,根据是否有利于获胜决定行动,根据双方情势或分兵或集中为主要变化。按照战场形势的需要,部队行动迅速时,如狂风飞旋;行进从容时,如森林徐徐展开;攻城掠地时,如烈火迅猛;驻守防御时,如大山岿然;军情隐蔽时,如乌云蔽日;大军出动时,如雷霆万钧。夺取敌方的财物,掳掠百姓,应分兵行动。开拓疆土,分夺利益,应该分兵扼守要害。这些都应该权衡利弊,根据实际情况,相机行事。率先知道“迂直之计”的将获胜,这就是军争的原则。

4.《军政》说:“在战场上用语言来指挥,听不清或听不见,所以设置了金鼓;用动作来指挥,看不清或看不见,所以用旌旗。金鼓、旌旗,是用来统一士兵的视听,统一作战行动的。既然士兵都服从统一指挥,那么勇敢的将士不会单独前进,胆怯的也不会独自退却。这就是指挥大军作战的方法。所以,夜间作战,要多处点火,频频击鼓;白天打仗要多处设置旌旗。这些是用来扰乱敌方的视听的。

5.对于敌方三军,可以挫伤其锐气,可使丧失其士气,对于敌方的将帅,可以动摇他的决心,可使其丧失斗志。所以,敌人早朝初至,其气必盛;陈兵至中午,则人力困倦而气亦怠惰;待至日暮,人心思归,其气益衰。善于用兵的人,敌之气锐则避之,趁其士气衰竭时才发起猛攻。这就是正确运用士气的原则。用治理严整的我军来对付军政混乱的敌军,用我镇定平稳的军心来对付军心躁动的敌人。这是掌握并运用军心的方法。以我就近进入战场而待长途奔袭之敌;以我从容稳定对仓促疲劳之敌;以我饱食之师对饥饿之敌。这是懂得并利用治己之力以困敌人之力。不要去迎击旗帜整齐、部伍统一的军队,不要去攻击阵容整肃、士气饱满的军队,这是懂得战场上的随机应变。

6.所以,用兵的原则是:对占据高地、背倚丘陵之敌,不要作正面仰攻;对于假装败逃之敌,不要跟踪追击;敌人的精锐部队不要强攻;敌人的诱饵之兵,不要贪食;对正在向本土撤退的部队不要去阻截;对被包围的敌军,要预留缺口;对于陷入绝境的敌人,不要过分逼迫,这些都是用兵的基本原则。

九变第八

孙子曰:凡用兵之法,将受命于君,合军聚合。泛地无舍,衢地合交,绝地无留,围地则谋,死地则战,途有所不由,军有所不击,城有所不攻,地有所不争,君命有所不受。故将通于九变之利者,知用兵矣;将不通九变之利,虽知地形,不能得地之利矣;治兵不知九变之术,虽知五利,不能得人之用矣。是故智者之虑,必杂于利害,杂于利而务可信也,杂于害而患可解也。是故屈诸侯者以害,役诸侯者以业,趋诸侯者以利。故用兵之法,无恃其不来,恃吾有以待之;无恃其不攻,恃吾有所不可攻也。故将有五危,必死可杀,必生可虏,忿速可侮,廉洁可辱,爱民可烦。凡此五者,将之过也,用兵之灾也。覆军杀将,必以五危,不可不察也。

译文:【九变第八】

1.孙子说:用兵的原则,将接受国君的命令,召集人马组建军队,在难于通行之地不要驻扎,在四通八达的交通要道要与四邻结交,在难以生存的地区不要停留,要赶快通过,在四周有险阻容易被包围的地区要精于谋划,误入死地则须坚决作战。有的道路不要走,有些敌军不要攻,有些城池不要占,有些地域不要争,君主的某些命令也可以不接受。2.所以将帅精通“九变”的具体运用,就是真懂得用兵了;将帅不精通“九变”的具体运用,就算熟悉地形,也不能得到地利。指挥作战如果不懂“九变”的方法,即使知道“五利”,也不能充分发挥部队的战斗力。

3.智慧明达的将帅考虑问题,必然把利与害一起权衡。在考虑不利条件时,同时考虑有利条件,大事就能顺利进行;在看到有利因素时同时考虑到不利因素,祸患就可以排除。因此,用最另人头痛的事去使敌国屈服,用复杂的事变去使敌国穷于应付,以利益为钓饵引诱敌国疲于奔命。

4.所以用兵的原则是:不抱敌人不会来的侥幸心理,而要依靠我方有充分准备,严阵以待;不抱敌人不会攻击的侥幸心理,而要依靠我方坚不可摧的防御,不会被战胜。

5.所以,将领有五种致命的弱点:坚持死拼硬打,可能招致杀身之祸;临阵畏缩,贪生怕死,则可能被俘;性情暴躁易怒,可能受敌轻侮而失去理智;过分洁身自好,珍惜声名,可能会被羞辱引发冲动;由于爱护民众,受不了敌方的扰民行动而不能采取相应的对敌行动。所有这五种情况,都是将领最容易有的过失,是用兵的灾难。军队覆没,将领牺牲,必定是因为这五种危害,因此一定要认识到这五种危害的严重性。

行军第九

孙子曰:凡处军相敌,绝山依谷,视生处高,战隆无登,此处山之军也。绝水必远水,客绝水而来,勿迎之于水内,令半渡而击之利,欲战者,无附于水而迎客,视生处高,无迎水流,此处水上之军也。绝斥泽,唯亟去无留,若交军于斥泽之中,必依水草而背众树,此处斥泽之军也。平陆处易,右背高,前死后生,此处平陆之军也。凡此四军之利,黄帝之所以胜四帝也。凡军好高而恶下,贵阳而贱阴,养生而处实,军无百疾,是谓必胜。丘陵堤防,必处其阳而右背之,此兵之利,地之助也。上雨水流至,欲涉者,待其定也。凡地有绝涧、天井、天牢、天罗、天陷、天隙,必亟去之,勿近也。吾远之,敌近之;吾迎之,敌背之。军旁有险阻、潢井、蒹葭、小林、□①荟者,必谨覆索之,此伏奸之所处也。敌近而静者,恃其险也;远而挑战者,欲人之进也;其所居易者,利也;众树动者,来也;众草多障者,疑也;鸟起者,伏也;兽骇者,覆也;尘高而锐者,车来也;卑而广者,徒来也;散而条达者,樵采也;少而往来者,营军也;辞卑而备者,进也;辞强而进驱者,退也;轻车先出居其侧者,陈也;无约而请和者,谋也;奔走而陈兵者,期也;半进半退者,诱也;杖而立者,饥也;汲而先饮者,渴也;见利而不进者,劳也;鸟集者,虚也;夜呼者,恐也;军扰者,将不重也;旌旗动者,乱也;吏怒者,倦也;杀马肉食者,军无粮也;悬□②不返其舍者,穷寇也;谆谆□③□③,徐与人言者,失众也;数赏者,窘也;数罚者,困也;先暴而后畏其众者,不精之至也;来委谢者,欲休息也。兵怒而相迎,久而不合,又不相去,必谨察之。兵非贵益多也,惟无武进,足以并力料敌取人而已。夫惟无虑而易敌者,必擒于人。卒未亲而罚之,则不服,不服则难用。卒已亲附而罚不行,则不可用。故合之以文,齐之以武,是谓必取。令素行以教其民,则民服;令素不行以教其民,则民不服。令素行者,与众相得也。

【注:】

①:“翳”加“艹”头。

②:[垂瓦]。

③:[讠翕]。

译文:【行军第九】

1、孙子说:在各种不同地形上处置军队和观察判断敌情时,应该注意:通过山地,必须依靠有水草的山谷,驻扎在居高向阳的地方,敌人占领高地,不要仰攻,这是在山地上对军队的处置原则。横渡江河,应远离水流驻扎,敌人渡水来战,不要在江河中迎击,而要等它渡过一半时再攻击,这样较为有利。如果要同敌人决战,不要紧靠水边列阵;在江河地带扎营,也要居高向阳,不要面迎水流,这是在江河地带上对军队处置的原则。通过盐碱沼泽地带,要迅速离开,不要逗留;如果同敌军相遇于盐碱沼泽地带,那就必须靠近水草而背靠树林,这是在盐碱沼泽地带上对军队处置的原则。在平原上应占领开阔地域,而侧翼要依托高地,前低后高。这是在平原地带上对军队处置的原则。以上四中“处军”原则的好处,就是黄帝之所以能战胜其他四帝的原因。

2、大凡驻军总是喜欢干燥的高地,避开潮湿的洼地;重视向阳之处,避开阴暗之地;靠近水草地区,军需供应充足,将士百病不生,这样就有了胜利的保证。在丘陵堤防行军,必须占领它向阳的一面,并把主要侧翼背靠着它。这些对于用兵有利的措施,是利用地形作为辅助条件的。上游下雨,洪水突至,禁止徒涉,应等待水流稍平缓以后。

3、凡遇到或通过“绝涧”、“天井”、“天牢”、“天罗”、“天陷”、“天隙”这几种地形,必须迅速离开,不要接近。我们应该远离这些地形,而让敌人去靠近它;我们应面向这些地形,而让敌人去背靠它。军队两旁遇到有险峻的隘路、湖沼、水网、芦苇、山林和草木茂盛的地方,必须谨慎地反复搜索,这些都是敌人可能埋设伏兵和隐伏奸细的地方。

4、敌人离我很近而安静的,是依仗它占领险要地形;敌人离我很远但挑战不休,是想诱我前进;敌人之所以驻扎在平坦地方,是因为对它有某种好处。许多树木摇动,是敌人隐蔽前来;草丛中有许多遮障物,是敌人布下的疑阵;群鸟惊飞,是下面有伏兵;野兽骇奔,是敌人大举突袭;尘土高而尖,是敌人战车驶来;尘土低而宽广,是敌人的步兵开来;尘土疏散飞扬,是敌人正在拽柴而走;尘土少而时起时落;是敌人正在扎营。

5、敌人使者措辞谦卑却又在加紧战备的,是准备进攻;措辞强硬而军队又做出前进姿态的,是准备撤退;轻车先出动,部署在两翼的,是在布列阵势;敌人尚未受挫而来讲和的,是另有阴谋;敌人急速奔跑并排并列阵的,是企图约期同我决战;敌人半进半退的,是企图引诱我军。

6、抵兵倚着兵器而站立的,是饥饿的表现;供水兵打水自己先饮的,是干渴的表现;敌人见利而不进兵争夺的,是疲劳的表现;敌人营寨上聚集鸟雀的,下面是空营;敌人夜间惊叫的,是恐慌的表现;敌营惊扰纷乱的,是敌将没有威严的表现;旌旗摇动不整齐的,是敌人队伍已经混乱。敌人军官易怒的,是全军疲倦的表现;用粮食喂马,杀马吃肉,收拾起汲水器具,部队不返营房的,是要拼死的穷寇;低声下气同部下讲话的,是敌将失去人心;不断犒赏士卒的,是敌军没有办法;不断惩罚部属的,是敌人处境困难;先粗暴然后又害怕部下的,是最不精明的将领;派来使者送礼言好的,是敌人想休兵息战;敌人逞怒同我对阵,但久不交锋又不撤退的,必须谨慎地观察他的企图。

7、打仗不在于兵力越多越好,只要不轻敌冒进,并集中兵力、判明敌情,取得部下的信任和支持,也就足够了。那种既无深谋远虑而又轻敌的人,必定会被敌人俘虏。士卒还没有亲近依附就执行惩罚,那么他们会不服,不服就很难使用。士卒已经亲近依附,如果不执行军纪军法,也不能用来作战。所以,要用怀柔宽仁使他们思想统一,用军纪军法使他们行动一致,这样就必能取得部下的敬畏和拥戴。平素严格贯彻命令,管教士卒,士卒就能养成服从的习惯;平素从来不严格贯彻命令,管教士卒,士卒就会养成不服从的习惯。平时命令能贯彻执行的,表明将帅同士卒之间相处融洽。

地形第十

孙子曰:地形有通者、有挂者、有支者、有隘者、有险者、有远者。我可以往,彼可以来,曰通。通形者,先居高阳,利粮道,以战则利。可以往,难以返,曰挂。挂形者,敌无备,出而胜之,敌若有备,出而不胜,难以返,不利。我出而不利,彼出而不利,曰支。支形者,敌虽利我,我无出也,引而去之,令敌半出而击之利。隘形者,我先居之,必盈之以待敌。若敌先居之,盈而勿从,不盈而从之。险形者,我先居之,必居高阳以待敌;若敌先居之,引而去之,勿从也。远形者,势均难以挑战,战而不利。凡此六者,地之道也,将之至任,不可不察也。凡兵有走者、有驰者、有陷者、有崩者、有乱者、有北者。凡此六者,非天地之灾,将之过也。夫势均,以一击十,曰走;卒强吏弱,曰驰;吏强卒弱,曰陷;大吏怒而不服,遇敌怼而自战,将不知其能,曰崩;将弱不严,教道不明,吏卒无常,陈兵纵横,曰乱;将不能料敌,以少合众,以弱击强,兵无选锋,曰北。凡此六者,败之道也,将之至任,不可不察也。夫地形者,兵之助也。料敌制胜,计险隘远近,上将之道也。知此而用战者必胜,不知此而用战者必败。故战道必胜,主曰无战,必战可也;战道不胜,主曰必战,无战可也。故进不求名,退不避罪,唯民是保,而利于主,国之宝也。视卒如婴儿,故可以与之赴深溪;视卒如爱子,故可与之俱死。厚而不能使,爱而不能令,乱而不能治,譬若骄子,不可用也。知吾卒之可以击,而不知敌之不可击,胜之半也;知敌之可击,而不知吾卒之不可以击,胜之半也;知敌之可击,知吾卒之可以击,而不知地形之不可以战,胜之半也。故知兵者,动而不迷,举而不穷。故曰:知彼知己,胜乃不殆;知天知地,胜乃可全。

译文:【地形第十】

1、孙子说:地形有“通”、“挂”、“支”、“隘”、“险”、“远”等六种。凡是我们可以去,敌人也可以来的地域,叫做“通”;在“通”形地域上,应抢先占开阔向阳的高地,保持粮道畅通,这样作战就有利。凡是可以前进,难以返回的地域,称作“挂”;在挂形的地域上,假如敌人没有防备,我们就能突击取胜。假如敌人有防备,出击又不能取胜,而且难以回师,这就不利了。凡是我军出击不利,敌人出击不利的地域叫做“支”。在“支”形地域上,敌人虽然以利相诱,我们也不要出击,而应该率军假装退却,诱使敌人出击一半时再回师反击,这样就有利。在“隘”形地域上,我们应该抢先占领,并用重兵封锁隘口,以等待敌人的到来;如果敌人已先占据了隘口,并用重兵把守,我们就不要去进攻;如果敌人没有用重兵据守隘口,那么就可以进攻。在“险”形地域上,如果我军先敌占领,就必须控制开阔向阳的高地,以等待敌人来犯;如果敌人先我占领,就应该率军撤离,不要去攻打它。在“远”形地域上,敌我双方地势均同,就不宜去挑战,勉强求战,很是不利。以上六点,是利用地形的原则。这是将帅的重大责任所在,不可不认真考察研究。

2、军队打败仗有“走”、“驰”、“陷”、“崩”、“乱”、“北”六种情况。这六种情况的发生,不是天时地理的灾害,而是将帅自身的过错。地势均同的情况下,以一击十而导致失败的,叫做“走”。士卒强捍,军官懦弱而造成失败的,叫做“驰”。将帅强悍,士卒儒弱而失败的,叫做“陷”。偏将怨仇不服从指挥,遇到敌人擅自出战,主将又不了解他们能力,因而失败的,叫做“崩”。将帅懦弱缺乏威严,治军没有章法,官兵关系混乱紧张,列兵布阵杂乱无常,因此而致败的,叫做“乱”。将帅不能正确判断敌情,以少击众,以弱击强,作战又没有精锐先锋部队,因而落败的,叫做“北”。以上六种情况,均是导致失败的原因。这是将帅的重大责任之所在,是不可不认真考察研究的。

3、地形是用兵打仗的辅助条件。正确判断敌情,考察地形险易,计算道路远近,这是高明的将领必须掌握的方法,懂得这些道理去指挥作战的,必定能够胜利;不了解这些道理去指挥作战的,必定失败。所以,根据分析有必胜把握的,即使国君主张不打,坚持打也是可以的;根据分析没有必胜把握的,即使国君主张打,不打也是可以的。所以,战不谋求胜利的名声,退不回避失利的罪责,只求保全百姓,符合国君利益,这样的将帅,才是国家的宝贵财富。

4、对待士卒象对待婴儿,士卒就可以同他共患难:对待士卒象对待自己的儿子,士卒就可以跟他同生共死。如果对士卒厚待却不能使用,溺爱却不能指挥,违法而不能惩治,那就如同骄惯了的子女,是不可以用来同敌作战的。只了解自己的部队可以打,而不了解敌人不可打,取胜的可能只有一半;只了解敌人可以打,而不了解自己的部队不可以打,取胜的可能也只有一半。知道敌人可以打,也知道自己的部队能打,但是不了解地形不利于作战,取胜的可能性仍然只有一半。所以,懂得用兵的人,他行动起来不会迷惑,他的战术变化无穷。

5、所以说:知彼知己,胜乃不殆;知天知地,胜乃可全。

九地第十一

孙子曰:用兵之法,有散地,有轻地,有争地,有交地,有衢地,有重地,有泛地,有围地,有死地。诸侯自战其地者,为散地;入人之地不深者,为轻地;我得亦利,彼得亦利者,为争地;我可以往,彼可以来者,为交地;诸侯之地三属,先至而得天下众者,为衢地;入人之地深,背城邑多者,为重地;山林、险阻、沮泽,凡难行之道者,为泛地;所由入者隘,所从归者迂,彼寡可以击吾之众者,为围地;疾战则存,不疾战则亡者,为死地。是故散地则无战,轻地则无止,争地则无攻,交地则无绝,衢地则合交,重地则掠,泛地则行,围地则谋,死地则战。古之善用兵者,能使敌人前后不相及,众寡不相恃,贵贱不相救,上下不相收,卒离而不集,兵合而不齐。合于利而动,不合于利而止。敢问敌众而整将来,待之若何曰:先夺其所爱则听矣。兵之情主速,乘人之不及。由不虞之道,攻其所不戒也。凡为客之道,深入则专。主人不克,掠于饶野,三军足食。谨养而勿劳,并气积力,运兵计谋,为不可测。投之无所往,死且不北。死焉不得,士人尽力。兵士甚陷则不惧,无所往则固,深入则拘,不得已则斗。是故其兵不修而戒,不求而得,不约而亲,不令而信,禁祥去疑,至死无所之。吾士无余财,非恶货也;无余命,非恶寿也。令发之日,士卒坐者涕沾襟,偃卧者涕交颐,投之无所往,诸、刿之勇也。故善用兵者,譬如率然。率然者,常山之蛇也。击其首则尾至,击其尾则首至,击其中则首尾俱至。敢问兵可使如率然乎?曰可。夫吴人与越人相恶也,当其同舟而济而遇风,其相救也如左右手。是故方马埋轮,未足恃也;齐勇如一,政之道也;刚柔皆得,地之理也。故善用兵者,携手若使一人,不得已也。将军之事,静以幽,正以治,能愚士卒之耳目,使之无知;易其事,革其谋,使人无识;易其居,迂其途,使民不得虑。帅与之期,如登高而去其梯;帅与之深入诸侯之地,而发其机。若驱群羊,驱而往,驱而来,莫知所之。聚三军之众,投之于险,此谓将军之事也。九地之变,屈伸之力,人情之理,不可不察也。凡为客之道,深则专,浅则散。去国越境而师者,绝地也;四彻者,衢地也;入深者,重地也;入浅者,轻地也;背固前隘者,围地也;无所往者,死地也。是故散地吾将一其志,轻地吾将使之属,争地吾将趋其后,交地吾将谨其守,交地吾将固其结,衢地吾将谨其恃,重地吾将继其食,泛地吾将进其途,围地吾将塞其阙,死地吾将示之以不活。故兵之情:围则御,不得已则斗,过则从。是故不知诸侯之谋者,不能预交;不知山林、险阻、沮泽之形者,不能行军;不用乡导,不能得地利。四五者,一不知,非霸王之兵也。夫霸王之兵,伐大国,则其众不得聚;威加于敌,则其交不得合。是故不争天下之交,不养天下之权,信己之私,威加于敌,则其城可拔,其国可隳。施无法之赏,悬无政之令。犯三军之众,若使一人。犯之以事,勿告以言;犯之以害,勿告以利。投之亡地然后存,陷之死地然后生。夫众陷于害,然后能为胜败。故为兵之事,在顺详敌之意,并敌一向,千里杀将,是谓巧能成事。是故政举之日,夷关折符,无通其使,厉于廊庙之上,以诛其事。敌人开阖,必亟入之,先其所爱,微与之期,践墨随敌,以决战事。是故始如处女,敌人开户;后如脱兔,敌不及拒。

译文:【九地第十一】

1、孙子说:按照用兵的原则,军事地理有散地、轻地、争地、交地、衢地、重地、圮地、围地、死地。诸侯在本国境内作战的地区,叫做散地。在敌国浅近纵深作战的地区,叫做轻地。我方得到有利,敌人得到也有利的地区,叫做争地。我军可以前往,敌军也可以前来的地区,叫做交地。多国相毗邻,先到就可以获得诸侯列国援助的地区,叫做衢地。深入敌国腹地,背靠敌人众多城邑的地区,叫做重地。山林险阻沼泽等难于通行的地区,叫做圮地。行军的道路狭窄,退兵的道路迂远,敌人可以用少量兵力攻击我方众多兵力的地区,叫做围地。迅速奋战就能生存,不迅速奋战就会全军覆灭的地区,叫做死地。因此,处于散地就不宜作战,处于轻地就不宜停留,遇上争地就不要勉强强攻,遇上交地就不要断绝联络,进入衢地就应该结交诸侯,深入重地就要掠取粮草,碰到圮地就必须迅速通过,陷入围地就要设谋脱险,处于死地就要力战求生。

2、从前善于指挥作战的人,能使敌人前后部队不能相互策应,主力和小部队无法相互依靠,官兵之间不能相互救援,上下级之间不能互相联络,士兵分散不能集中,合兵布阵也不整齐。对我有利就打,对我无利就停止行动。试问:敌人兵员众多且又阵势严整向我发起进攻,那该用什么办法对付它呢?回答是:先夺取敌人最关心爱护的,这样就听从我们的摆布了。用兵之理贵在神速,要乘敌人措手不及的时机,走敌人意料不到的道路,攻击敌人没有戒备的地方。

3、在敌国境内进行作战的一般规律是:越深入敌国腹地,我军军心就越坚固,敌人就不易战胜我们。在敌国丰饶地区掠取粮草,部队给养就有了保障。要注意休整部队,不要使其过于疲劳,保持土气,养精蓄锐。部署兵力,巧设计谋,使敌人无法判断我军的意图。将部队置于无路可走的绝境,士卒就会宁死不退。士卒既能宁死不退,那么他们怎么会不殊死作战呢!士卒深陷危险的境地,就不再存在恐惧,一旦无路可走,军心就会牢固。深入敌境军队就不会离散。遇到迫不得已的情况,军队就会殊死奋战。因此,不须整饬就能注意戒备,不用强求就能完成任务,无须约束就能亲密团结,不待申令就会遵守纪律。禁止占卜迷信,消除士卒的疑虑,他们至死也不会逃避。我军士卒没有多余的钱财,并不是不爱钱财;士卒置生死于度外,也不是不想长寿。当作战命令颁布之时,坐着的士卒泪沾衣襟,躺着的士卒泪流满面,但把士卒置于无路可走的绝境,他们就都会象专诸、曹刿一样的勇敢。

4、善于指挥作战的人,能使部队自我策应如同“率然”蛇一样。“率然”是常山地方一种蛇,打它的头部,尾巴就来救应;打它的尾,头就来救应;打它的腰,头尾都来救应。试问:可以使军队象“率然”一样吧?回答是:可以。那吴国人和越国人是互相仇视的,但当他们同船渡河而遇上大风时,他们相互救援,就如同人的左右手一样。所以,想用缚住马缰、深埋车轮这种显示死战决心的办法来稳定部队,是靠不住的。要使部队能够齐心协力奋勇作战如同一人,关键在于部队管理教育有方。要使强弱不同的士卒都能发挥作用,在于恰当地利用地形。所以善于用兵的人,能使全军上下携手团结如同一人,这是因为客观形势迫使部队不得不这样。

5、主持军事行动,要做到考虑谋略沉着冷静而幽深莫测,管理部队公正严明而有条不紊。要能蒙蔽士卒的视听,使他们对于军事行动毫无所知;变更作战部署,改变原定计划,使人无法识破真相;不时变换驻地,故意迂回前进,使人无从推测意图。将帅向军队赋予作战任务,要象使其登高而抽去梯子一样。将帅率领士卒深入诸侯国土,要象弩机发出的箭一样一往无前。对待士卒要能如驱赶羊群一样,赶过去又赶过来,使他们不知道要到哪里去。集结全军,把他们置于险境,这就是统帅军队的要点。九种地形的应变处置,攻防进退的利害得失,全军上下的心理状态,这些都是作为将帅不能不认真研究和周密考察的。

6、在敌国境内作战的规律是:深入敌境则军心稳固,浅入敌境则军心容易涣散。进入敌境进行作战的称为绝地;四通八达的地区叫做衢地;进入敌境纵深的地区叫做重地;进入敌境浅的地区叫做轻地;背有险阻前有隘路的地区叫围地;无路可走的地区就是死地。因此,在散地,要统一军队意志;在轻地,要使营阵紧密相连;在争地,要迅速出兵抄到敌人的后面;在交地,就要谨慎防守;在衢地,就要巩固与列国的结盟;入重地,就要保障军粮供应;在圮地,就必须迅速通过;陷入围地,就要堵塞缺口;到了死地,就要显示死战的决心。所以,士卒的心理状态是:陷入包围就会竭力抵抗,形势逼迫就会拚死战斗,身处绝境就会听从指挥。

7、不了解诸侯列国的战略意图,就不要与之结交;不熟悉山林、险阻、沼泽等地形情况,就不能行军;不使用向导,就无法得到地利。这些情况,如有一样不了解,都不能成为称王争霸的军队。凡是王霸的军队,进攻大国,能使敌国的军民来不及动员集中;兵威加在敌人头上,能够使敌方的盟国无法配合策应。因此,没有必要去争着同天下诸侯结交,也用不着在各诸侯国里培植自己的势力,只要施展自己的战略意图,把兵威施加在敌人头上,就可以拔取敌人的城邑,摧毁敌人的国都。施行超越惯例的奖赏,颁布不拘常规的号令,指挥全军就如同使用一个人一样。向部下布置作战任务,但不说明其中意图。只告知利益而不指出危害。将士卒置于危地,才能转危为安;使士卒陷于死地,才能起死回生。军队深陷绝境,然后才能赢得胜利。所以,指导战争的关键,在于谨慎地观察敌人的战略意图,集中兵力攻击敌人一部,千里奔袭,斩杀敌将,这就是所谓巧妙用兵,实现克敌制胜的目的。

8、因此,在决定战争方略的时候,就要封锁关口,废除通行符证,不充许敌国使者往来;要在庙堂里再三谋划,作出战略决策。敌人一旦出现间隙,就要迅速乘机而入。首先夺取敌人战略要地,但不要轻易与敌约期决战。要灵活机动,因敌情来决定自己的作战行动。因此,战争开始之前要象处女那样显得沉静柔弱,诱使敌人放松戒备;战斗展开之后,则要象脱逃的野兔一样行动迅速,使敌人措手不及,无从抵抗。

火攻第十二

孙子曰:凡火攻有五:一曰火人,二曰火积,三曰火辎,四曰火库,五曰火队。行火必有因,因必素具。发火有时,起火有日。时者,天之燥也。日者,月在箕、壁、翼、轸也。凡此四宿者,风起之日也。凡火攻,必因五火之变而应之:火发于内,则早应之于外;火发而其兵静者,待而勿攻,极其火力,可从而从之,不可从则上。火可发于外,无待于内,以时发之,火发上风,无攻下风,昼风久,夜风止。凡军必知五火之变,以数守之。故以火佐攻者明,以水佐攻者强。水可以绝,不可以夺。夫战胜攻取而不惰其功者凶,命曰“费留”。故曰:明主虑之,良将惰之,非利不动,非得不用,非危不战。主不可以怒而兴师,将不可以愠而攻战。合于利而动,不合于利而上。怒可以复喜,愠可以复说,亡国不可以复存,死者不可以复生。故明主慎之,良将警之。此安国全军之道也。

译文:【火攻第十二】

1、孙子说:火攻形式共有五种,一是火烧敌军人马,二是焚烧敌军粮草,三是焚烧敌军辎重,四是焚烧敌军仓库,五是火烧敌军运输设施。实施火攻必须具备条件,火攻器材必须随时准备。放火要看准天时,起火要选好日子。天时是指气候干燥,日子是指月亮行经“箕”、“壁”、“翼”、“轸”四个星宿位置的时候。月亮经过这四个星宿的时候,就是起风的日子。

2、凡用火攻,必须根据五种火攻所引起的不同变化,灵活部署兵力策应。在敌营内部放火,就要及时派兵从外面策应。火已烧起而敌军依然保持镇静,就应等待,不可立即发起进攻。待火势旺盛后,再根据情况作出决定,可以进攻就进攻,不可进攻就停止。火可从外面放,这时就不必等待内应,只要适时放火就行。从上风放火时,不可从下风进攻。白天风刮久了,夜晚就容易停止。军队都必须掌握这五种火攻形式,等待条件具备时进行火攻。用火来辅助军队进攻,效果显著;用水来辅助军队进攻,攻势必能加强。水可以把敌军分割隔绝,但却不能焚毁敌人的军需物资。

3、凡打了胜仗,攻取了土地城邑,而不能巩固战果的,会很危险,这种情况叫做“费留”。所以说,明智的国君要慎重地考虑这个问题,贤良的将帅要严肃地对待这个问题。没有好处不要行动,没有取胜的把握不能用兵,不到危急关头不要开战。国君不可因一时愤怒而发动战争,将帅不可因一时的气忿而出阵求战。符合国家利益才用兵,不符合国家利益就停止。愤怒还可以重新变为欢喜,气忿也可以重新转为高兴,但是国家灭亡了就不能复存,人死了也不能再生。所以,对待战争,明智的国君应该慎重,贤良的将帅应该警惕,这是安定国家和保全军队的基本道理。

用间第十三

孙子曰:凡兴师十万,出征千里,百姓之费,公家之奉,日费千金,内外骚动,怠于道路,不得操事者,七十万家。相守数年,以争一日之胜,而爱爵禄百金,不知敌之情者,不仁之至也,非民之将也,非主之佐也,非胜之主也。故明君贤将所以动而胜人,成功出于众者,先知也。先知者,不可取于鬼神,不可象于事,不可验于度,必取于人,知敌之情者也。故用间有五:有因间,有内间,有反间,有死间,有生间。五间俱起,莫知其道,是谓神纪,人君之宝也。乡间者,因其乡人而用之;内间者,因其官人而用之;反间者,因其敌间而用之;死间者,为诳事于外,令吾闻知之而传于敌间也;生间者,反报也。故三军之事,莫亲于间,赏莫厚于间,事莫密于间,非圣贤不能用间,非仁义不能使间,非微妙不能得间之实。微哉微哉!无所不用间也。间事未发而先闻者,间与所告者兼死。凡军之所欲击,城之所欲攻,人之所欲杀,必先知其守将、左右、谒者、门者、舍人之姓名,令吾间必索知之。敌间之来间我者,因而利之,导而舍之,故反间可得而用也;因是而知之,故乡间、内间可得而使也;因是而知之,故死间为诳事,可使告敌;因是而知之,故生间可使如期。五间之事,主必知之,知之必在于反间,故反间不可不厚也。昔殷之兴也,伊挚在夏;周之兴也,吕牙在殷。故明君贤将,能以上智为间者,必成大功。此兵之要,三军之所恃而动也。

译文:【用间第十三】

1、孙子说:凡兴兵十万,征战千里,百姓的耗费,国家的开支,每天都要花费千金,前后方*不安,戌卒疲备地在路上奔波,不能从事正常生产的有七十万家。这样相持数年,就是为了决胜于一旦,如果吝惜爵禄和金钱,不肯用来重用间谍,以致因为不能掌握敌情而导致失败,那就是不仁到极点了。这种人不配作军队的统帅,算不上国家的辅佐,也不是胜利的主宰。

2、所以,明君和贤将之所以一出兵就能战胜敌人,功业超越众人,就在于能预先掌握敌情。要事先了解敌情,不可求神问鬼,也不可用相似的现象作类比推测,不可用日月星辰运行的位置去验证,一定要取之于人,从那些熟悉敌情的人的口中去获取。

3、间谍的运用有五种,即乡间、内间、反间、死间、生间。五种间谍同时用起来,使敌人无从捉摸我用间的规律,这是使用间谍神妙莫测的方法,也正是国君克敌制胜的法宝。所谓乡间,是指利用敌人的同乡做间谍;所谓内间,就是利用敌方官吏做间谍;所谓反间,就是使敌方间谍为我所用;所谓死间,是指制造散布假情报,通过我方间谍将假情报传给敌间,诱使敌人上当,一旦真情败露,我间难免一死;所谓生间,就是侦察后能活着回来报告敌情的人。

4、所以在军队中,没有比间谍更亲近的人,没有比间谍更为优厚奖赏的,没有比间谍更为秘密的事情了。不是睿智超群的人不能使用间谍,不是仁慈慷慨的人不能指使间谍,不是谋虑精细的人不能得到间谍提供的真实情报。微妙啊,微妙!无时无处不可以使用间谍。间谍的工作还未开展,而已泄露出去的,那么间谍和了解内情的人都要处死。凡是要攻打的敌方军队,要攻占的敌方城市,要刺杀的敌方人员,都须预先了解其主管将领、左右亲信、负责传达的官员、守门官吏和门客幕僚的姓名,指令我方间谍一定要将这些情况侦察清楚。

5、一定要搜查出敌方派来侦察我方军情的间谍,从而用重金收买他,引诱开导他,然后再放他回去,这样,反间就可以为我所用了。通过反间了解敌情,乡间、内间也就可以利用起来了。通过反间了解敌倩,就能使死间传播假情报给敌人了。通过反间了解敌情,就能使生间按预定时间报告敌情了。五种间谍的使用,国君都必须了解掌握。了解情况的关键在于使用反间,所以对反间不可不给予优厚的待遇。

6、从前殷商的兴起,在于重用了在夏朝为臣的伊挚,他熟悉并了解夏朝的情况;周朝的兴起,是由于周武王重用了了解商朝情况的吕牙。所以,明智的国君,贤能的将帅,能用智慧高超的人充当间谍,就一定能建树大功。这是用兵的关键,整个军队都要依靠间谍提供的敌情来决定军事行动。

第19篇:日语单词加翻译

第1课

ちゅうごくじん(中国人) 〔名〕 中国人 にほんじん(日本人) 〔名〕 日本人 かんこくじん(韓国人) 〔名〕 韩国人 アメリカじん(~人) 〔名〕 美国人 フランスじん(~人) 〔名〕 法国人 がくせい(学生) 〔名〕 (大)学生 せんせい(先生) 〔名〕 老师

りゅうがくせい(留学生) 〔名〕 留学生 きょうじゅ(教授) 〔名〕 教授 しゃいん(社員) 〔名〕 职员

かいしゃいん(会社員) 〔名〕 公司职员 てんいん(店員) 〔名〕 店员

けんしゅうせい(研修生) 〔名〕 进修生 きぎょう(企業) 〔名〕 企业 だいがく(大学) 〔名〕 大学 ちち(父) 〔名〕 (我)父亲 かちょう(課長) 〔名〕 科长

しゃちょう(社長) 〔名〕 总经理,社长 でむかえ(出迎え) 〔名〕 迎接 あのひと(あの人) 〔名〕 那个人 わたし 〔代〕 我 あなた 〔代〕 你 どうも 〔副〕 非常,很

はい 〔叹〕 哎,是(应答);是的 いいえ 〔叹〕 不,不是 あっ 〔叹〕 哎,哎呀 り(李) 〔专〕 李 おう(王) 〔专〕 王 ちょう(張) 〔专〕 张 もり(森) 〔专〕 森 はやし(林) 〔专〕 林 おの(小野) 〔专〕 小野 よしだ(吉田) 〔专〕 吉田 たなか(田中) 〔专〕 田中 なかむら(中村) 〔专〕 中村 たろう(太郎) 〔专〕 太郎 キム(金) 〔专〕 金 デュポン 〔专〕 迪蓬 スミス 〔专〕 史密斯 ジョンソン 〔专〕 约翰逊 ちゅうごく(中国) 〔专〕 中国

とうきょうだいがく(東京大学) 〔专〕 东京大学

ペキンだいがく(北京大学) 〔专〕 北京大学 ジェーシーきかく(JC企画) 〔专〕 JC策划公司

ペキンりょこうしゃ(北京旅行社)

〔专〕 北京旅行社

にっちゅうしょうじ(日中商事) 〔专〕 日中商社

こんにちは 你好

すみません 对不起,请问 どうぞ 请

よろしくおねがいします(~お願いします)请多关照

はじめまして 初次见面 こちらこそ 我才要(请您~) そうてす 是(这样) ちがいます 不是

わかりません(分かりません) 不知道 どうもすみません 实在对不起 ~さん∕~ちゃん∕~君くん 第2课

ほん(本) 〔名〕 书 かばん 〔名〕 包,公文包 ノート 〔名〕 笔记本,本子 えんぴつ(鉛筆) 〔名〕 铅笔 かさ(傘) 〔名〕伞 くつ(靴) 〔名〕鞋

しんぶん(新聞) 〔名〕 报纸 ざっし(雑誌) 〔名〕 杂志 じしょ(辞書) 〔名〕 词典 カメラ 〔名〕 照相机 テレビ 〔名〕 电视机 パソコン 〔名〕 个人电脑 ラジオ 〔名〕 收音机 でんわ(電話) 〔名〕 电话 つくえ(机) 〔名〕 桌子,书桌 いす 〔名〕 椅子 かぎ 〔名〕 钥匙,锁

とけい(時計) 〔名〕 钟,表 てちょう(手帳) 〔名〕 记事本 しゃしん(写真) 〔名〕 照片 くるま(車) 〔名〕 车 じてんしゃ(自転車) 〔名〕 自行车

おみやげ(お土産) 〔名〕 礼物 めいさんひん(名産品) 〔名〕 特产,名产

シルク 〔名〕 丝绸 ハンカチ 〔名〕 手绢

かいしゃ(会社) 〔名〕 公司 かた(方) 〔名〕 (敬称)位,人

ひと(人) 〔名〕 人

かぞく(家族) 〔名〕 家人,家属

はは(母) 〔名〕 (我)母亲 おかあさん(お母さん) 〔名〕 母亲

にほんご(日本語) 〔名〕 日语 ちゅうごくご(中国語) 〔名〕 汉语,中文

これ 〔代〕 这,这个 それ 〔代〕 那,那个 あれ 〔代〕 那,那个 どれ 〔疑〕 哪个 なん(何) 〔疑〕 什么 だれ 〔疑〕 谁 どなた 〔疑〕 哪位 この 〔连体〕 这,这个 その 〔连体〕 那,那个 あの 〔连体〕 那,那个 どの 〔连体〕 哪个 えっ 〔叹〕 啊 わあ 〔叹〕 哇

ええ 〔叹〕 (应答)嗯,是 ながしま(長島) 〔专〕 长岛 にほん(日本) 〔专〕 日本 スワトウ 〔专〕 汕头 ロンドン 〔专〕 伦敦 ありがとうございます 谢谢 おいくつ 多大 何なん~∕~歳さい 第3课

デパート 〔名〕 百货商店 しょくどう(食堂) 〔名〕 食堂 ゆうびんきょく(郵便局) 〔名〕 邮局

ぎんこう(銀行) 〔名〕 银行 としょかん(図書館) 〔名〕 图书馆

マンション 〔名〕 (高级)公寓 ホテル 〔名〕 宾馆 コンビニ 〔名〕 便利店 きっさてん(喫茶店) 〔名〕 咖啡馆

びょういん(病院) 〔名〕 医院 ほんや(本屋) 〔名〕 书店 レストラン 〔名〕 餐馆,西餐馆 ビル 〔名〕 大楼,大厦

たてもの(建物) 〔名〕 大楼,建筑物

うりば(売り場) 〔名〕 柜台,出售处

トイレ 〔名〕 厕所,盥洗室 いりぐち(入り口) 〔名〕 入口 じむしょ(事務所) 〔名〕 事务所,办事处

うけつけ(受付) 〔名〕 接待处 バーゲンかいじょう(~会場)

〔名〕 降价处理大卖场

エスカレーター 〔名〕 自动扶梯 ふく(服) 〔名〕 衣服 コート 〔名〕 风衣,大衣 デジカメ 〔名〕 数码相机 くに(国) 〔名〕 国,国家 ちず(地図) 〔名〕 地图 となり(隣) 〔名〕 旁边 しゅうへん(周辺) 〔名〕 附近,周边

きょう(今日) 〔名〕 今天 すいようび(水曜日) 〔名〕 星期三

もくようび(木曜日) 〔名〕 星期四

ここ 〔代〕 这里,这儿 そこ 〔代〕 那里,那儿 あそこ 〔代〕 那里,那儿 こちら 〔代〕 这儿,这边 そちら 〔代〕 那儿,那边 あちら 〔代〕 那儿,那边 どこ 〔疑〕 哪里,哪儿 どちら 〔疑〕 哪儿,哪边 あのう 〔叹〕 请问,对不起 シャンハイ(上海) 〔专〕 上海 とうきょう(東京) 〔专〕 东京 いくら 多少钱

お~∕~階かい∕~円えん∕~曜日ようび 第4课

へや(部屋) 〔名〕 房间,屋子 にわ(庭) 〔名〕 院子 いえ(家) 〔名〕 家 いま(居間) 〔名〕 起居室 れいぞうこ(冷蔵庫) 〔名〕 冰箱

かべ(壁) 〔名〕 墙壁 スイッチ 〔名〕 开关

ほんだな(本棚) 〔名〕 书架 ベッド 〔名〕 床 ねこ(猫) 〔名〕 猫 いぬ(犬) 〔名〕 狗

はこ(箱) 〔名〕 盒子,箱子 めがね(眼鏡) 〔名〕 眼镜 ビデオ 〔名〕 录像机 サッカーボール 〔名〕 足球 ビール 〔名〕 啤酒, ウイスキー 〔名〕 威士忌 こども(子供) 〔名〕 孩子,小孩

きょうだい(兄弟) 〔名〕 兄弟姐妹

りょうしん(両親) 〔名〕 父母,双亲

いもうと(妹) 〔名〕 妹妹 おとこ(男) 〔名〕 男 おんな(女) 〔名〕 女 せいと(生徒) 〔名〕学生 うえ(上) 〔名〕 上面 そと(外) 〔名〕 外面 なか(中) 〔名〕 里面,内部,

中间

した(下) 〔名〕 下面 まえ(前) 〔名〕 前,前面 うしろ(後ろ) 〔名〕 后,后面 ちかく(近く) 〔名〕 附近,近旁 ばしょ(場所) 〔名〕 所在地,地方,场所 きょうしつ(教室) 〔名〕 教室 かいぎしつ(会議室) 〔名〕 会议室 としょしつ(図書室) 〔名〕 图书室 こうえん(公園) 〔名〕 公园 はなや(花屋) 〔名〕 花店

ばいてん(売店) 〔名〕 小卖部,售货亭 えき(駅) 〔名〕 车站

ちかてつ(地下鉄) 〔名〕 地铁 き(樹) 〔名〕 树,树木

ひとりぐらし(一人暮らし) 〔名〕 单身生活 あります 〔动1〕 有,在(非意志者) います 〔动2〕 有,在(具意志者) ええと 〔叹〕 啊,嗯 よこはま(横浜) 〔专〕 横滨 なごや(名古屋) 〔专〕 名古屋 おおさか(大阪) 〔专〕 大阪 ジェーアール(JR) 〔专〕 JR

第1课

1、李(り)さんは 中国人(ちゅうごくじん)です。

小李是中国人。

2、森(もり)さんは 学生(がくせい)では ありません。

森先生不是学生。

3、林(ばやし)さんは 日本人(にほんじん)ですか。

林先生是日本人吗?

4、李(り)さんは JC(ジェーシー)企画(きかく)の社員(しゃいん)です。 小李是JC策划公司的职员。

A甲:わたしは 李です。 小野(おの)さんですか。

我姓李,您是小野女士吗? 乙:はい、そうです。小野です.是的,我是小野。

B甲:森さんは、学生ですか。 森先生是学生吗?

乙:いいえ、学生では ありません。 会社(かいしゃいん)員です。 不,不是学生。是公司职员。

C甲:吉田(よしだ)さんですか。您是吉田先生吗?

乙:いいえ、ちがいます。森です。不,不是。我是森。 D甲:李さんは JC企画の 社員ですか。

小李是JC策划公司的职员吗?

乙:はい、そうです。是的。

第2课

1、これは 本です。这是书。

2、それは 何ですか。那是什么?

3、あれは だれの傘ですか。那是谁的伞?

4、この カメラは スミスさんのです。

这个照相机是史密斯先生的。 A甲:これは テレビですか。这是电视机吗?

乙:いいえ、それは テレビではありません。 パソコンです。 不,那不是电视机。那是计算机(个人电脑)。

B甲:それは 何ですか。那是什么?

乙:これは 日本語の本です。这是日语书。 C甲:森さんの かばんは どれですか。森先生的包是哪个?

乙:あの かばんです。是那个。 D甲:その ノートは 誰のですか。那个笔记本是谁的?

乙:わたしのです。是我的。 第3课1.ここは デパートです。这里是百货商场。

2.食堂は デパートの七階です。食堂在百货商店的7层

3.あそこも JC企画の ビルです。

那里也是JC策划公司的大楼。 4.かばん売り場は 一階ですか、二階ですか。

卖包的柜台在1层还是2层?

A甲:トイレは どこですか。厕所在哪?

乙:あちらです。在那儿。

B甲:ここは 郵便局ですか、銀行ですか。

这里是邮局还是银行?

乙:銀行です。是银行。 C甲:これは いくらですか。这个多少钱?

乙:それは 5,800円です。那个5800日元。

甲:あれは?那个呢?

乙:あれも 5,800円です。那个也是5800日元。 第4课 1.部屋に 机と いすが あります。房间里有桌子和椅子。

2.机の 上に 猫が います。桌子上有一只猫 3.売店は 駅の 外に あります。小卖部在车站的外边

4.吉田さんは 庭に います。吉田先生在院子里

A甲:その 箱の 中に 何が ありますか。

那个盒子里有什么?

乙:時計と 眼鏡が あります。表和眼镜 B甲:部屋に 誰が いますか。房间里有谁?/谁在房间里?

乙:誰も

いません。房间里没有人

C甲:小野さんの家は どこに ありますか。

小野女士的家在哪?

乙:横浜に あります。在横滨

D甲:あそこに 犬が いますね。那儿有一只狗啊

乙:ええ、わたしの 犬です。是,是我的狗。 李:小野さん、会社は どこにありますか。小野,公司在哪儿啊?

课后翻译:

1、李(り)さんは 中国人(ちゅうごくじん)です。

小李是中国人。

2、森(もり)さんは 学生(がくせい)では ありません。

森先生不是学生。 3\\ 李(り)さんは JC(ジェーシー)企画(きかく)の社員(しゃいん)です。 小李是JC策划公司的职员。

1、あれは だれの傘ですか。那是谁的伞?

2、これは 日本語の本です。这是日语书。

3、森さんの かばんは どれですか。森先生的包是哪个?

1、トイレは どこですか。厕所在哪?

2、ここは 郵便局ですか、銀行ですか。

这里是邮局还是银行?

3、これは いくらですか。这个多少钱?

1、机の 上に 猫が います。桌子上有一只猫

2、誰も

いません。房间里没有人

3、小野さんの家は どこに ありますか。

小野女士的家在哪?

第20篇:最新考研英语复试自我介绍英文加翻译

Good morning.Now that we don’t know each other,would you like to introduce yourself?

Good morning.I am glad to be here for this interview.First let me introduce myself.My name is Yangnan,24.I come from Harbin.I graduated from English Department of Harbin Normal University in July,2009.In the past two years I have been preparing for the postgraduate examination while I have been teaching English in No.5 middle school.Now all my hard work has got a result since I have a chance to be interviewed by you.

In my spare time,I have broad interests like many other youngers.I like reading books,especially those about law.Frequently I exchange with other people by making comments in the forum on line.In addition,during my college years,I was once a Net-bar technician.So,I have a comparatively good command of network application.I am able to operate the computer well.I am skillful in searching for information on the Internet.I am a football fan for years.My favorite team is Brazil.Anyway,I feel great pity for our country’s team.

I always believe that one will easily lag behind unle he keeps on learning.Of course,if I am given a chance to study law in this famous university,I will spare no effort to master a good command of advanced law.

That’s all.Thank you very much for your time and attention.

早上好。现在,我们互相都不认识,你愿意介绍一下你自己吗?

早上好。我很高兴能在这里接受我们的采访。首先,让我介绍一下我自己。我的名字是冯悦,26岁。我来自大庆。我毕业于哈尔滨师范大学英语系的7月份,2009年。在过去的两年里我一直准备考研而我教英语已经在第五中学。现在我所有的努力都有一个结果由于我有机会采访你。

在我的业余时间,我还有广泛的兴趣和许多其他的年轻人。我喜欢读书,特别是那些关于法律的。我跟别人交流频繁进行评论,在论坛上上网。此外,我上大学期间,我曾是一个网吧里呆上技术员。因此,我有一个比较良好的网络应用程序。我能操作这台电脑。我熟练掌握搜索信息在互联网上。我是个足球迷好几年了。我最喜欢的球队是巴西。不管怎样,我觉得可惜的,为我国的团队。

我始终相信,你将很容易落后,除非他继续学习。当然,如果我得到一个机会来学习法律在这所著名的大学,我会不遗余力地掌握一种良好的先进的法律。

这就是全部。非常感谢您的时间和注意力。

Good morning,my dear profeors.I am very glad to be here for your interview.My name is Liu Li,I am 26 years old.I come from Daqing,a very beautiful ancient city.My undergraduate period will be accomplished in Nanjing University in July,2009 and now,I am trying my best to obtain a key to peking University.

Generally speaking,I am a studious student especially when doing the thing I am interested in.I will try my best to finish it no matter how difficult it is.When I was a sophomore,I found web design very interesting,so I learned it very hard.To weaver a homepage for myself,I stayed with my personal computer for half a month,and I am the first one in my cla who own the homepage.Furthermore,I am a person with great perseverance.During the days preparing for the first examination,I insist on running every day,no matter what the weather was like.And just owning to this,I could concentrate on my study and succeeded in the end.

Well,in my spare time,I like badminton,volleyball and Chinese che.Also English is my favorite.I often go to English corner to practise my oral

English on every Thursday, and write diary in English to improve my written ability.But I know my English is not good enough,I will continue studying.

Ok,so much for my introduction,thank you!

早上好,我亲爱的教授。我很高兴能在这里为你的面谈。我的名字叫刘丽,我26岁。我来自大庆,很美丽的古老的城市。完成我的大学本科时期将在七月,在南京大学2009年结束,现在,我要努力获得一个关键的北京大学。

一般来说,我是个勤奋好学的学生,尤其是当你做这件事我很感兴趣。我将尽我最大的努力去完成它,不管它有多么困难。我在大学二年级的时候,我发现网页设计很有趣,所以我认识到它很努力。网站主页,织布工,为我自己,我陪个人电脑为半个月,我是第一个在我的阶级,他们拥有自己的主页。此外,我是一个人以极大的毅力。白天准备的第一次考试,我坚持每天跑步,不论什么天气很像。由于这,只是,我可以集中于我的学习情况,最后终于成功了。

嗯,在我的业余时间,我喜欢打羽毛球、排球和中国象棋。也会说英语是我的最爱。我经常去英语角练习我的英语口语在每个星期四,用英语写日记来提高我的书写能力。但我知道我的英语不够好,我将会继续学习。

好了,我的介绍,谢谢!

《吃饭英语范文加翻译.doc》
吃饭英语范文加翻译
将本文的Word文档下载到电脑,方便收藏和打印
推荐度:
点击下载文档

相关推荐

实施方案自查报告整改措施先进事迹材料应急预案工作计划调研报告调查报告工作汇报其他范文
下载全文