适合高中生的英语范文

2022-12-11 来源：其他范文收藏下载本文

推荐第1篇：适合高中生的英语朗读材料

1. The Force of Habits Habits, whether good or bad, are gradually formed.The more we do a thing, the more we tend to like doing it; and if we do not continue to do it, we feel uncomfortable.This is called the force of habits, and the force of habits should be fought against.This applies even to such good things as work or rest.Some people form a bad habit of working too much, and others of idling too much.Bad habits, once formed, are difficult to get rid of.The wise man always remembers to check any bad habit.He warns himself “I am now becoming idle” or “I like too many sweets” or “I smoke too much”.And then adds, “I will get myself out of this bad habit at once.”

习惯的力量

习惯，不管是好还是坏，都是逐渐形成的。我们越多做一件事情，我们就越倾向于喜欢做.如果我们不继续这样做，我们觉得不舒服。这就是所谓的习惯的力量，习惯的力量应该被战胜。这甚至适用于工作或休息。有些人形成了工作太多的坏习惯，有些人虚度太多光阴。坏习惯一旦形成，难以摆脱。聪明的人总是记得检查任何坏习惯。他警告自己：“我现在已经变得懒散了”或“我喜欢太多糖果”或“我抽烟太多。”然后说：“我会立马改掉这个坏习惯。”

2.The Way to Achieve Succe Many people say that they owe much of it to the cultivation of certain good habits in early life.In forming good habits, I think we should pay attention to four things, that is honesty, industry, enthusiasm and thrift.“Honesty is the best policy.” This is a proverb to which we must pay attention.There are so many temptations in society that through a little carelene we may go astray.But when we are honest, people will not be dishonest to us.Industry gives every man and woman, every boy and girl, proper work to do.To do nothing is going to ruin oneself.Enthusiasm is a great force.One’s soul will expand if one devotes oneself to a noble cause.The difficulties in our way are tremendous, but what can we not accomplish, if with enthusiasm?

There are many proverbs, which set forth the advantages of thrift.Since we live in the world in which money is a very powerful thing, we should always try to save a portion of our earnings for future use.These are the four things to which we must pay attention.It is only by this way that we can achieve succe.

取得成功之路

很多人说，他们在早期的生活中，对于培养某些良好的习惯做得很不够。关于养成良好的习惯，我认为我们应该注意的四件事情，就是诚实，勤劳，热情，节俭。 “诚为上策。”这是一个我们必须重视的俗语。在社会上有这么多的诱惑，一个小疏忽，我们可能会误入歧途。但是，当我们是诚实的，人们不会对我们不诚实的。行业让每个男人和女人，每一个男孩和女孩，适当的工作要做。什么也不做会毁了自己。

热情是一个伟大的力量。一个人的灵魂，如果一个致力于将扩大自己一个崇高的事业。在我们这样的困难是巨大的，但我们不能完成的，如果与热情？

有许多谚语，其中确定了节俭的优点。因为我们在这个世界上，钱是一个非常强大的东西生活，我们应该始终尝试保存供日后使用我们的盈利部分。这是四件事情是我们必须注意。因为只有这样，我们才能取得成功。

3.Is Failure a Bad Thing? Failure is a common occurrence (happening) in our daily life.Whatever we do, there are always two poible results: succe or failure.Although everyone wants to succeed in what he tries, sometimes failure can’t be avoided.

Different people hold different attitudes towards failure.When faced with it, some can stand up to it, draw a useful leon from it and try their best to fulfill what they are determined to do.Others, however, lose heart and give in.They do nothing but complain about themselves and objective conditions.As a popular saying goes, “Failure teaches succe.” In my opinion, what really counts is not the failure itself, but the proper attitude we should take after it.I trust that as long as we keep to what is right and correct what is wrong, that is to say, learn a leon from failure, we will be certain to succeed.So I am of the opinion that failure is not a bad thing.

失败是坏事吗？

失败是经常发生在我们的日常生活（事情）。无论我们做什么，总是有两种可能的结果：成功或失败。虽然每个人都希望他成功尝试，有时失败无法避免。不同的人对失败持有不同的态度。当面对失败，有人能够经得起考验它，从中汲取有益的教训，尽力去完成他们下定决心做的事。然而，其他人丧失信心和退让，他们只是抱怨自己和客观条件。

正如常言道，“失败是成功之母。”在我看来，真正重要的不是失败本身，而是我们应采取正确的态度后。我相信，只要我们坚持正确的什么是正确的，什么是错的，这就是说，从失败中汲取教训，我们肯定会成功。所以我认为，失败不是一件坏事。

4.Time Is Money “Time is money.” This saying means that time is very valuable.But time is more valuable than money.The money we have lost can be gained again, but the time we have wasted cannot be regained.Moreover, sometimes persons can exist without money, but nothing can be done without time, just as no one can live without air.Despite being so valuable, time is often neglected by men.Since time is an invisible thing, men often waste their time unconsciously（无意地）.Without anything to do, they may goip from morning till night.Man can live only at most to about 100 years.It seems fairly long, but in fact it is rather short.We often say “How quickly time flies!” How many things can a man accomplish in such a short period? Hence we should use the valuable time properly to do our work.We will race with it.We will study and work hard.Never waste a little bit of it.时间就是金钱

“时间就是金钱。”这句话的意思就是说时间是非常宝贵的。

但是，时间比金钱更宝贵。我们已经失去了可以得到钱了，但是我们也浪费时间不能恢复。此外，有时没有钱的人可以存在，但什么事也没有时间做，只是因为没有人能够生活在没有空气。

尽管是如此宝贵，时间往往忽略了男性。由于时间是一种无形的东西，男人往往不自觉地浪费自己的时间（无意地）。没有什么关系，他们可能会从早忙到晚闲话。

人可以住在最多只有约100年。似乎相当长，但实际上它是比较短。我们常说“时光飞逝！”多少事，男人能做到在这么短的时间？因此，我们应该用正确的宝贵时间做我们的工作。我们将与它比赛。我们将努力学习和工作。永远不要浪费一点点位。

5.Try to Be a Good Student Perhaps it is the dream of everyone to be a good student at school, but quite a few students feel at a lo on how to make it.In my opinion it is rather easy if you can act on the following points.First of all, make full use of your time and work hard.Don’t put off till tomorrow what should be done today, as time past will never come back.The fast developing society requires adequate knowledge, which prees us to spare no efforts to study.Of course, your hard work will be rewarded one day.Secondly, use your own head and present your point of view.Credulous（轻信的）attitude will only make you take anything for granted.With your own judgment you will be able to tell right from wrong and set up your own theory.Thirdly, set aside enough time for relaxation, entertainment, etc.don’t ignore the harm of all work and no play.Proper sports will build up your body and improve the efficiency of your studying. To be a good student is easier said than done, for it needs a student’s consistent efforts.But nothing is difficult to a man if he puts his heart into it. 试着做一个好学生

也许这是每个人的梦想是在学校的好学生，但不少学生对如何使它丧失感觉。在我看来，这是相当容易，如果你可以做以下几点。

首先，请您充分利用时间，努力工作。不要推迟到明天应该怎么做的今天，随着时间的过去永远不会回来。快速发展的社会需要足够的知识，按我们不遗余力地研究。当然，你的努力会得到回报的一天。

其次，用你自己的头和现在你的观点。轻信（轻信的）的态度只会让你理所当然的事情。有了自己的判断，你将能够明辨是非，建立自己的见解。第三，预留休闲，娱乐的时间不够，等等千万不要忽视了各项工作，不玩耍伤害。适当的体育运动会逐渐建立起自己的身体，提高您的学习效率。

要成为一个好学生，说起来容易做起来难，因为它需要一个学生的一致努力。但世上无难事，一个人如果把它放在他心上。

推荐第2篇：适合高中生阅读的英语作品

适合高中生阅读的英语作品(推荐书目)

1.To Kill a Mockingbird.《杀死一只知更鸟》

2.Of Mice and Men.《人鼠之间》

3.A Separate Peace.《独自和解》

4.Catcher in the Rye.《在麦田里的守望者》

5.Animal Farm.《动物农场》

6.Lord of the Flies.《蝇王》

7.The Great Gatsby.《了不起的盖茨比》

8.A Farewell to Arms.《永别了，武器》

9.The Scarlet Letter.《红字》

10.Macbeth.《麦克白》

11.Jane Eyre《简爱》

12.Pride and Prejudice《傲慢与偏见》

13.The Old Man and the Sea《老人与海》

14.The Kite Runner《追风筝的人》

15.PS I Love You 《附注：我爱你》

16.The Joy Luck Club《喜福会》

17.The Wuthering Heights 《呼啸山庄》

18.Far Away from the Maddening Crowd 《远离尘嚣》

19.David Copperfield 《大卫·科波菲尔》

20.The Art of Living《生活的艺术》

21.The Wind in the Willows 《柳林风声》

22.Frankenstein and his Monster《佛兰肯斯坦因》

23.Heidi《海蒂》

24.Alice in the Wonderland《爱丽丝漫游奇境记》

25.The White Whale《白鲸》

26.Peter Pan 《彼德.潘》

27.Ben Hur 《本.胡尔》

28.The Oregon Trail 《俄勒冈小道》

29.The Red Badge of Courage《红色英勇勋章》

30.The Man in the Iron Mask《铁面人》

31.Walden《瓦尔登湖》

32.The Wonderful Wizard of Oz《绿野仙踪》

33.Dr.Jekyll and Mr.Hyde 《化身博士》

34.A Chile’s Garden of Verses 《一个儿童的诗园》

35.Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin《富兰克林自传》

36.Autobiography of Mary Curie 《居里夫人自传》

37.The Invisible Man《无影人》

38.The Time Machine《时间机器》

39.Tom Sawyer’s Adventures 《汤姆索亚历险记》

40.A Tale of Two Cities《双城记》

41.The War of Worlds《星球大战》

42.The Great Expectations《远大前程》

43.The Secret Garden 《秘密花园》

44.Gulliver’s Travels 《格列佛游记》

45.Prince and Pauper 《王子与贫儿》

47.Hackberry Fin’s Adventures 《哈克贝利费恩历险记》

48.The Treasure Island《金银岛》

49.Anne of Green Gables《绿山墙的安妮》

50.The Black Beauty 《黑美人》

51.A Journey to the Center of the Earth《地心游记》

52.A Guide to Fifty Students’ English Novels 《学生阅读50部英语小说指南》

53.My Country and My man《吾国吾民》

54.The Age of Innocence《纯真年代》

55.The Call of the Wild《荒野的呼喊》

56.The Song of Solomon《所罗门之歌》

57.Moments in Peking《京华烟云》

58.Selected Stories by Ray Bradbury 《雷.布拉德伯利小说选》

59.Angels and Demons《天使与魔鬼》

60.Oliver Twist 《雾都孤儿》

注：安徽科学技术出版社的《小书架》系列；外语教学与研究出版社的《书虫》系列；以及英国Wordsworth Editions 出版了大量简化英文书籍，可从中为学生淘选更多适合其阅读的书籍。

2014年6月24日

推荐第3篇：适合高中生读的书

哲理类：叔本华—《人生的智慧》

素材类：全优佳高中生作文热点素材大全（远方出版社）散文类：

《目送》龙应台《张晓风散文集》《席慕容散文集》《史铁生散文集》

《回忆是一种淡淡的痛》《舒婷散文集》

推荐第4篇：适合高中生自我介绍

自我介绍

——**

尊敬的*老师您好：

首先，很荣幸能够考入**中学并且能够抽到您做我的班主任，下面让我来做一下自我介绍：

**年*月*日对于别人来说是一个不起眼的日子，但是对于我们家来说是值得一个庆祝的好日子。伴随着呱呱的哭声一个新的生命诞生了，那就是我**。小时，曾做过许多梦，医生，科学家，亦或是一名长官，业余时间做各种体育锻炼，让它们来丰富我的生活。无论是在小学还是在上中学的时候，我都会积极主动的参加学校的文体活动，从而在老师的帮助下我取得了一点小小的成绩。

桃花谢了春红，太匆匆。流年似水，我已走出了**中学的校门，迈着坚毅的步伐进入高中。在初中三年的学习和生活中，我渐渐成长为一个开朗，阳光，富有幽默感的人。我想我的这几个优点在今后的生活会给大家带来快乐。初中三年也使得我从一个幼稚，懵懂的少年慢慢地变成一个独立，自强的准高中生，这里也是人生的一个新的起点，在未来三年，我的目标是通过自己的努力考上一所理想的大学。我相信未来是美丽的，因为带着五彩的梦想前行，就不会害怕困难，不会惧怕失败。我希望用自己的努力去换取成功，我相信自己，相信未来。

人生可以分为七个阶段吧，幼年、童年少年、青年、成年、中年、老年。我们处于青年，是塑造我们人生价值观和目标的时候，我们以后将要成为一个怎样的人，主要的决定因素都会在接下来的高中三年中发生，所以我很期待以后的高中生活，并且希望和同学建立起良好的人际关系。我也希望能够和同学相互尊重、相互激励、互相学习、平等互助、共同进步,将我们的班集体建设成为既是一个学习氛围浓厚，办事效率高，又是一个懂得真善美的班级。

初中已成了往事，在如昨的往事中，重要的并不在于得到或失去过，重要的在于经历过。因为哭过，笑才灿烂，因为经历过，回忆才斑斓。过去的岁月总也不能忘怀，不能忘怀是因为我们自己走过来，纵使那脚步稚嫩，回首也感到亲切，因为那是真实，纵使走过的路上并没有鲜花开放，回想也感到留恋，因为那上面覆盖着自己生命的步履。

推荐第5篇：适合高中生作文

2011年山东高考语文作文题目公布：这世界需要你

水母网2011-06-07 10:32:48评论(1)| 大中小

2011江苏高考作文题公布：拒绝平庸

2011年广东省高考作文题目：《回到原点》

2011山东高考作文题目：这世界需要你

2011江西省省高考作文题目：拥抱

有博友声称：江苏的相对好写，励志篇，高分

不易。广东要注意“原点”的内涵，山东，要写出自己的感悟，江西的相对难写，拥抱，写的人间之情。这四篇都是写人生态度和生活感悟的。

2011年全国各地高考作文题目汇总

广东《回到原点》；北京《诚信》；山东《行走》；江苏《拒绝平庸》；安徽《绽放》；江西《拥抱》；上海《与大自然的悄悄话》，重庆《坚守梦想》；浙江《我的时间》湖北：《旧书》；全国卷I：《期待成长》；辽宁：《如何看待高晓松酒驾案》。

* 2011年高考全国卷1作文题公布：期待长大

* 2011江苏高考作文题公布：拒绝平庸

2011江苏高考作文题为《拒绝平庸》。以拒绝平庸为题，不避平凡，不可平庸，为人不可平庸，平庸便无创造，无发展，无上进。处世不可平庸，因此，要有原则，有鉴识，有坚守。不少于800字，除诗歌外文体不限。

* 2011年广东省高考作文题目：《回到原点》

2011年高考作文题全文：阅读下面的文字，根据要求作文（60分）大千世界“原点”无所不在。“原点”可以是道路的起点，可以是长河的源头，可是坐标的中心，可以是事物的根本......请以“回到原点”为标题，联系生活体验与认识，写一篇文章，自定文体，不少于800字（含标点符号）。

* 2011山东高考作文题目公布：这世界需要你

* 2011江西省省高考作文题目：拥抱

有博友声称：江苏的相对好写，励志篇，高分不易。广东要注意“原点”的内涵，山东，要写出自己的感悟，江西的相对难写，拥抱，写的人间之情。这四篇都是写人生态度和生活

感悟的。

* 2010年北京高考作文题：仰望星空与脚踏实地

2010年普通高等学校招生考试北京卷作文题

以仰望星空与脚踏实地为题。写一篇不少于800字的文章，除诗歌外，不限文体。

2011湖南高考作文题曝光全国各地作文题目汇总

* 2011年普通高等学校招生考试湖南卷作文题

作文：某歌手第一句话由“大家好，我来了”变为“谢谢大家，你们来了”，以此为意自拟题目写一篇作文!

* 2011年普通高等学校招生考试安徽卷作文题

“时间在流逝”为命题，题材不限，字数不少于800字。

对于作文的书写要有以下几点注意：

1、立意自定，题目自拟，除诗歌外，问题不限；

2、不得套作，不得抄袭；

3、不得透露个人信息；

4、书写规范，正确使用标点符号。

* 2011浙江卷高考作文：我的时间

命题作文：季羡林等文化名人的成功是不可复制的，他们以及他们的成就在消失不见，我们每个人都有自己的时间。请以“我的时间”为题，写一篇作文，字数不少于800字，文体不限。

* 2011年普通高等学校招生考试江苏卷作文题

人可平庸但不可平庸，人平庸不能创造„„

要坚持，以拒绝平庸为题写一篇800字文章。

* 2011上海高考作文公布：与大自然的悄悄话

* 2011年安徽高考作文命题：时间在流逝(图)

今日2011年高考正式开考，从相关部门了解，今年高考语文作文将以“时间在流逝”为命题，题材不限，字数不少于800字。对于作文的书写要有以下几点注意：1立意自定，题目自拟，除诗歌外，问题不限;2不得套作，不得抄袭;3不得透露个人信息;4书写规范，正确使用标点符号。

推荐第6篇：自我介绍适合高中生

高中生的自我介绍

自我介绍

亲爱的同学们，对于刚刚走出初中校园的我们来说，来到一个新环境彼此间可能互不相识，下面，我向各位做一下自我介绍。

*年*月*日对于别人来说是一个不起眼的日子，但是对于我们家来说是值得一个庆祝的好日子。伴随着呱呱的哭声一个新的生命诞生了，那就是我**。小时侯曾做过许多色彩斑斓的梦，当个长笛演奏家，舞蹈家或者当一名运动员是我最大的梦想。于是，我利用一切机会学长笛，街舞，业余时间做各种体育锻炼，让它们来丰富我的生活。无论是在小学还是在上中学的时候，我都会积极主动的参加学校的文体活动，从而在老师的帮助下我取得了一点小小的成绩。

桃花谢了春红，太匆匆。流年似水，我已走出了**中学的校门，迈着坚毅的步伐进入高中。在初中三年的学习和生活中，我渐渐成长为一个开朗，阳光，富有幽默感的人。我想我的这几个优点在今后的生活会给大家带来快乐。

我的爱好广泛。我喜欢运动，喜欢听歌，喜欢看电影，喜欢看动画片。

我喜欢运动，因为在运动的过程中能让我找到快乐，运动也能强健体魄使我的身体健康，有充沛的体力投入到高中的学习生活中。

我喜欢看电影，因为看电影能使我身心得以很好的放松，让我感到很快乐。

我喜欢看动画片，我喜欢看到那些可爱的卡通人物在我面前晃来晃去。我最喜欢看的是喜羊羊与灰太狼，我喜欢的人物可能与大多数的人不一样，我最喜欢的是灰太狼，它在那里是个反派人物，但我觉得它那种对抓羊锲而不舍的精神值得我学习。在未来三年，我的目标是通过自己的努力考上一所理想的大学。我相信未来是美丽的，因为带着五彩的梦想前行，就不会害怕困难，不会惧怕失败。我希望用自己的努力去换取成功，我相信自己，相信未来。

初中（小学）忽然成了往事，在如昨的往事中，重要的并不在于得到或失去过，重要的在于经历过。因为哭过，笑才灿烂，因为经历过，回忆才斑斓。过去的岁月总也不能忘怀，不能忘怀是因为我们自己走过来，纵使那脚步稚嫩，回首也感到亲切，因为那是真实，纵使走过的路上并没有鲜花开放，回想也感到留恋，因为那上面覆盖着自己生命的步履。

推荐第7篇：适合高中生背诵的优美英语文章

适合高中生背诵的优美英语文章

A Chinese philosopher, Feng Youlan, once said China is an old country with a new life.To us, that means this country with a long, long history is on its course of modernization.I am encouraged every time I think of it.I do believe China really has a bright future, if it seeks this opportunity to continue building a road to the world.I see the future as a huge project in which I can play an important role.China needs more and better roads to the rest of the world.I feel needed.I feel inspired.I\'m ready.

---Excerpt from Li Shu\'s speech

(全国英语演讲比赛第二届冠军:李舒,四川大学,1997年)

What happened to this beautiful valley in Australia should also happen to our Yellow River and, in fact, it is happening.I have seen farmers planting trees on mountains along the Yellow River.I have seen them climb the mountain tops with seeding on their shoulders because they had no machinery.I have seen them pour on trees the water they carried up in buckets from miles down the valley.These farmers are quietly nourishing our Yellow River, just as the river has nourished them.

---Excerpt from Cai Li\'s speech(全国英语演讲比赛第四届冠军:蔡力,南京大学,1999年)

The first and foremost thing is to let people fall in love with the city at first sight, attracting them by its unique image.What image does Beijing intend to create for itself once it has the opportunity to host the 2008 Olympics? It is known to all that the Beijing Municipal Government has already set the theme for the future games: New Beijing, Great Olympics.For me, the 2008 Olympics will be a great green Olympics illuminated with two more special colors, yellow and red.---Excerpt from Qi Yue\'s speech

(全国英语演讲比赛第六届冠军:戚悦,北京语言文化大学,2001年) The Force of Habits

Habits, whether good or bad, are gradually formed.The more we do a thing, the more we tend to like doing it; and if we do not continue to do it, we feel uncomfortable.This is called the force of habits, and the force of habits should be fought against.

This applies even to such good things as work or rest.Some people form a bad habit of working too much, and others of idling too much.Bad habits, once formed, are difficult to get rid of.

The wise man always remembers to check any bad habit.He warns himself “I am now becoming idle” or “I like too many sweets” or “I smoke too much”.And then adds, “I will get myself out of this bad habit at once.”

The Way to Achieve Succe

Many people say that they owe much of it to the cultivation of certain good habits in early life.In forming good habits, I think we should pay attention to four things, that is honesty, industry, enthusiasm and thrift.

“Honesty is the best policy.” This is a proverb to which we must pay attention.There are so

many temptations in society that through a little carelene we may go astray.But when we are honest, people will not be dishonest to us.

Industry gives every man and woman, every boy and girl, proper work to do.To do nothing is going to ruin oneself.

Enthusiasm is a great force.One’s soul will expand if one devotes oneself to a noble cause.The difficulties in our way are tremendous, but what can we not accomplish, if with enthusiasm?

These are the four things to which we must pay attention.It is only by this way that we can achieve succe.

TV --- A Bleing or a Curse?

As TV enters more and more families, people begin to wonder about its advantages and disadvantages.Some believe it is a bleing, others hold that it is a curse to society.

TV, as a ma media, can bring to people new information on economies, culture, arts, and many other fields.People can enjoy their favorite programs at home.In some countries, some TV stations provide such programs as looking for dangerous criminals and lost children, helping to find an ideal lover, and others which are quite beneficial to society, some TV stations provide various useful seminars for people of various ages and social status.But on the other hand, TV may exert bad influence on people.Some programs are full of violence.As a result, people, especially juveniles, are led to commit crimes.An increasing number of people are so indulged in TV programs that some even neglect their duties.

In my opinion, the attitude towards TV all depends on oneself.People should choose those programs, which are useful, and can bring to them the sense of beauty.

On Test and Test Taking

The purpose of a test is to check how much we students have learned about a subject.It not only helps make our newly acquired knowledge permanent, but also enables us to find out what needs to spend more time improving.

But some students do not deal with test correctly.Some of them are afraid of failing in a test.They cheat even at the risk of being caught on exams.Though cheating might give one “better grades”, it adds nothing to one’s knowledge.This dishonest behavior will do one more harm than good.I think that we go to college in order to have our further studies, and prepare us to be qualified for the future job.Therefore, we should take a correct attitude towards test.As long as we study diligently and review our leons regularly, we are sure to be used to serve its real purpose.

The Dictionary

The dictionary is a living teacher.Whenever you come acro a new word, just consult it and you will get a clear definition.Every student, whether attending school or self-taught, should always have a dictionary at hand.As a study aid, it is convenient, inexpensive and almost omniscient (all-knowing).

Language skills will develop with your constant use of various dictionaries.The more you use

them, the more familiar you will become with them.Sooner or later, you will be quite skilled in finding the page, scanning the entries and locating the exact meanings of the new words.But you should have one thing in mind.As a language student, you can never become too much attached to dictionaries; basic language skills do not come from dictionaries, but from your practice.Expose yourself to the language by listening, speaking, reading and writing more, and that is the only way to the mastery of a language.

On Learning

Learning is one’s own busine, which cannot rely on others.As we know, learning is a proce of accumulating knowledge.It is one’s life-long task, which cannot be accomplished in one move.A succeful learner is an independent one who has both an indomitable (unyielding) will and amazing endurance.He will try to discover his own way of learning.Instead of waiting for the teacher’s help, he will make efforts to create favorable conditions on his own initiative.It will certainly be of great help, if there is good environment, sufficient books and equipment, as well as instructions from teacher and beneficial friends.But even if one has got all these favorable conditions, one cannot be sure to succeed in learning.

So the most important factor in learning consists in one’s own effort.To learn is rather a painstaking and persevering busine.Many a man is a failure because he cannot bear such indispensable hardships.Unremitting (never stopping) efforts can compensate for the lack of talents and thus enable one to get considerable progre in learning.

Is Failure a Bad Thing?

Failure is a common occurrence (happening) in our daily life.Whatever we do, there are always two poible results: succe or failure.Although everyone wants to succeed in what he tries, sometimes failure can’t be avoided.

As a popular saying goes, “Failure teaches succe.” In my opinion, what really counts is not the failure itself, but the proper attitude we should take after it.I trust that as long as we keep to what is right and correct what is wrong, that is to say, learn a leon from failure, we will be certain to succeed.So I am of the opinion that failure is not a bad thing.

推荐第8篇：适合高中生背诵的经典英语短文

The Force of Habits Habits, whether good or bad, are gradually formed.The more we do a thing, the more we tend to like doing it; and if we do not continue to do it, we feel uncomfortable.This is called the force of habits, and the force of habits should be fought against.This applies even to such good things as work or rest.Some people form a bad habit of working too much, and others of idling too much.Bad habits, once formed, are difficult to get rid of.The wise man always remembers to check any bad habit.He warns himself “I am now becoming idle” or “I like too many sweets” or “I smoke too much”.And then adds, “I will get myself out of this bad habit at once.”

The Way to Achieve Succe Many people say that they owe much of it to the cultivation of certain good habits in early life.In forming good habits, I think we should pay attention to four things, that is honesty, industry, enthusiasm and thrift.“Honesty is the best policy.” This is a proverb to which we must pay attention.There are so many temptations in society that through a little carelene we may go astray.But when we are honest, people will not be dishonest to us.Industry gives every man and woman, every boy and girl, proper work to do.To do nothing is going to ruin oneself.Enthusiasm is a great force.One’s soul will expand if one devotes oneself to a noble cause.The difficulties in our way are tremendous, but what can we not accomplish, if with enthusiasm?

There are many proverbs, which set forth the advantages of thrift.Since we live in 1

the world in which money is a very powerful thing, we should always try to save a portion of our earnings for future use.These are the four things to which we must pay attention.It is only by this way that we can achieve succe.

TV --- A Bleing or a Curse? As TV enters more and more families, people begin to wonder about its advantages and disadvantages.Some believe it is a bleing, others hold that it is a curse to society.TV, as a ma media, can bring to people new information on economies, culture, arts, and many other fields.People can enjoy their favorite programs at home.In some countries, some TV stations provide such programs as looking for dangerous criminals and lost children, helping to find an ideal lover, and others which are quite beneficial to society, some TV stations provide various useful seminars for people of various ages and social status.But on the other hand, TV may exert bad influence on people.Some programs are full of violence.As a result, people, especially juveniles, are led to commit crimes.An increasing number of people are so indulged in TV programs that some even neglect their duties.In my opinion, the attitude towards TV all depends on oneself.People should choose those programs, which are useful, and can bring to them the sense of beauty.

The Dictionary The dictionary is a living teacher.Whenever you come acro a new word, just consult it and you will get a clear definition.Every student, whether attending school or self-taught, should always have a dictionary at hand.As a study aid, it is convenient, inexpensive and almost omniscient (all-knowing).Language skills will develop with your constant use of various dictionaries.The more you use them, the more familiar you will become with them.Sooner or later, you will be quite skilled in finding the page, scanning the entries and locating the exact meanings of the new words.But you should have one thing in mind.As a language student, you can never become too much attached to dictionaries; basic language skills do not come from dictionaries, but from your practice.Expose yourself to the language by listening, speaking, reading and writing more, and that is the only way to the mastery of a language.

On Learning Learning is one’s own busine, which cannot rely on others.As we know, learning is a proce of accumulating knowledge.It is one’s life-long task, which cannot be accomplished in one move.A succeful learner is an independent one who has both an indomitable (unyielding) will and amazing endurance.He will try to discover his own way of learning.Instead of waiting for the teacher’s help, he will make efforts to create favorable conditions on his own initiative.It will certainly be of great help, if there is good environment, sufficient books and equipment, as well as instructions from teacher and beneficial friends.But even if one has got all these favorable conditions, one cannot be sure to succeed in learning.So the most important factor in learning consists in one’s own effort.To learn is rather a painstaking and persevering busine.Many a man is a failure because he cannot bear such indispensable hardships.Unremitting (never stopping) efforts can compensate for the lack of talents and thus enable one to get considerable progre in learning.

Is Failure a Bad Thing? Failure is a common occurrence (happening) in our daily life.Whatever we do, there are always two poible results: succe or failure.Although everyone wants to succeed in what he tries, sometimes failure can’t be avoided.

Recreation It is impoible to keep in good health unle we take sufficient (enough) recreation.The mind, too, requires change to make it acute (sharp) and vigorous.There is much truth in the old saying, “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.”

There are many games for people to indulge (enjoy) after their work of study.Among them are football, tennis, and kite-flying.Other forms of recreation are boating, fishing, gardening, cycling, walking, che-playing, and reading.Those who spend most of their time in the open air and have constant muscular employment, should adopt reading or some other quiet forms of recreation.Persons who sit much at their busine should take a kind of recreation that will supply their muscles with exercise.Recreation provides people with the kind of rest and relaxation.It makes people feel happy, energetic and confident, meanwhile it prepares people to do much better than ever in their daily work.

On Today’s Education

college for his total scores are just one point le than required.It is also on of the crucial (decisive) factors either in job aignment or in employment competitions.The competition for high scores among students becomes intense.Students find themselves concentrating more on strategies to achieve high scores than on acquiring the knowledge.They will play truant (stay away from) of some subsidiary (le important) courses and skip over the substance, which will not be tested on.Teachers are apt to give their students high scores.As their job is judged mainly by the students’ performance in terms of scores, some teachers tend to set easy papers to test their students on or narrow down the scope of the exam, even give them the hints to exams, or favor their students with higher scores.As a result, the competition for high scores becomes so intense that it actually affects our education results.

Weekend Weekends are important.They provide people with the kind of rest and relaxation that are eential to a happy and healthy life.I’m one of those who know how to enjoy their leisure on the weekend.A good sleep at Saturday night usually helps me to recover from the hard labor of the week.A delight Sunday trip to the suburbs makes me fresh and free from any tension.If I stay at home, I usually do some light reading or practice Chinese calligraphy ---- a traditional writing skill which has an extraordinary calming effect.Sometimes mother invites me to help her cook and I am always happy to accept her invitation.A good rest on the weekend always makes me feel happy, energetic, confident and ready to all the hard work ahead of me.You cannot work happily and efficiently until you 6

learn how to rest and relax on the weekend.

My View on Job-Hopping Some people tend to stick to their positions all the time, as they think the longer one works in a particular field, the more skillful one will be at it.Some have been teachers all their lives.Some devote their life energy to scientific research.Such people love their work and turn out to be specialists in their own field.They are usually high achievers.Some are different.They are in the habit of job-hopping, for they always pursue (follow) what is new and stimulating (interesting).They never seem content with their present situation.Some like to meet more people, make more money and new acquaintances, so they hop from job to job.As far as I am concerned, I want to be profeionally strong.I am not in favor of constant job-hopping, as the saying goes “Jack of all trades, master of none”.But I want to cooperate and communicate with someone else so as to be more creative and le partial.

Attending College at One’s Own Expense

Nowadays, colleges and universities tend to accept more and more candidates with a score close to the required by charging a portion of their tuition.Moreover, the percentage of the students attending college this way will be increasing year by year.

Owing to this practice, college candidates have much freedom in choosing the major they mostly interested in.In addition, those who did not perform well on the College Entrance Exam are able to attend college to have further studies.It is reported that most of these students work harder than their clamates.Certainly this practice has 7

some disadvantages.For example, those candidates who cannot afford the tuition might have fewer opportunities to receive higher education.In my opinion, the advantages of this practice weigh more than its disadvantages.So I am in favor of it and I believe people will be more willing to accept it as time goes by.

School-aged Children Drop Out It’s reported that in China about one million school-aged children drop out of school each year and 80% of the drop-outs are from the families which are too poor to keep their children at school.To tackle the problem, the government has launched the Hope Project.It has helped thousands of children go back to school.But in my opinion, this is far from enough.In order to change this situation completely, the government should set aside an adequate amount of money for education, especially for elementary education.And also, the government should establish laws to ensure that no children should drop out of school as elementary school education is compulsory in China, and local governments should aid the poor families so that they can send their children to school.To sum up, so long as our central and local governments and the whole society pay enough attention to this problem and take effective action, this situation will be changed.

Knowledge and Power Knowledge and power are the two things most desired by man.There is close connection between these two things.The man, having done his best in acquiring 8

knowledge, will easily get a high position and perform it succefully.Power depends on knowledge.Knowledge to power is just like a compa to a ship, by which her sailing is made safely acro an unknown ocean.A great statesman or a learned scholar can render (give) his good services to his country just because he has perfect and profound knowledge.Power only follows knowledge.A man cannot do anything well unle he has some information as how to do it well.A man will sometimes lose his way in a strange land; an apprentice cannot produce any delicate work.Why are these so? Because they are in want of knowledge.If the apprentice wishes to produce good work, he must pay attention to his instructor’s advice.

We are all the future masters of our country.Our country needs our services.How can we fulfill our future tasks? To get more knowledge is the only answer.

Breakfast We get the energy for our movements from food.Human beings are just like machines.For us to work properly, we must be well energized.The energy, of course, comes from the three meals a day, that is, breakfast, lunch and dinner.Breakfast is more important than any other meal in a day.For one thing, after a night’s sleep, most of the energy stored in the human body has been consumed.Breakfast serves the purpose of replenishing (fill up again) energy, thus making us energetic again.For another, in the course of a day, morning is the period of time in which we work with most efficiency.Without breakfast, the efficiency would be lost.Finally, the constant lack of breakfast can contribute to stomach troubles.Therefore, to keep fit, we must have breakfast every day.It can be a cup of mild 9

with some bread, or a bowl of porridge with some steamed bread, or anything else of the similar kind.Anyway, we must eat our fill (eat as much as we can), because a good breakfast can not only ensure our good health but also make a good beginning for a new day.

Ability and Gook Looks Old people usually tell the young, “Don’t judge a person by his appearance.” Meaning ability is more important than appearance.Indeed, we’ve seen so many brilliant but not at all good-looking people.In the film Mozart, an opera singer reiterates (repeat) this view by saying, “For a woman of taste, it is not the looks, but the talent that interests me.” For her, the preference shows one’s taste.

However, nowadays, with more and more interviewers putting much emphasis on the looks, the appearance of the job-applicants, a lot of people come to the conclusion that appearance is more important than ability because many beautiful girls acquire very good positions although they don’t have much talent.In my opinion, ability is definitely much more important than good looks, because it demonstrates one’s own self-cultivation.It bespeaks (show) the efforts and the glory of acquiring something through one’s hard work whereas a good look bespeaks no struggle of the individual.Good looks are pleasant, but I like the ability because it really shows something of my own self.

use these weapons for the unavoidable war of existence.Nature also orders us to struggle; when we obey the nature, we win our existence.The result of struggle is the evolution of a better society.In order to surpa the others, one has to devote himself to what he does.If every individual does so, the society will make progre.Struggle is inevitable.But we should struggle with sportsmanship, not to stand in the way of others in order to achieve our own succe.It is only by struggling in such a way, mankind will see a world getting more glorious day by day.

Can Computer Replace Human Brain Computers are working faster than human brain.But is it poible that some day the computer will replace human brain and control the human being? It is quite impoible.Computers are designed and developed by human brain.They are used to speed up the calculation.Computers are working according to the orders designed by human being.The running of computer is a group of integrated circuit run by a set of programmes.Without programmes, the computers will not know what to do.It is true people are relying more and more on computers.If people don’t know how to control computers, they may be replaced by computers and lose their jobs.

One of the lottery’s new millionaires gave an interview on television.When he was asked by the reporter how he had picked his winning numbers, he said that while “two of the six numbers he just pulled for no particular reason.” As for the other four numbers, he used family birth dates.“ So, you see,” he boasted（自夸）, “Winning the lottery is not all just luck.”

The Car and Pollution Most Americans would find it hard to think what life would look like without a car.However, some have realized the serious problem of the air pollution caused by the car.The polluted air becomes poisonous and dangerous to health.One way to get rid of the polluted air is to build a car that does not pollute.That’s what several of the large factories have been trying to do.But to build a clean car is easier said than done.Progre in this field has been slow.Another way is to take the place of the car engine by something.Now inventors are working on steam cars as well as electric cars.Many makers believe that it will take years to develop a useful model that pleases men.To prevent the world from being polluted by cars, we make some changes in the way many of us live.Americans, for example, have to reduce the number of their total cars.They are encouraged to travel and to work by bicycle.It is thought to help man to keep the air clean.But this change does not come easily.A large number of workers might find themselves without jobs if a car factory closed.Thus the problem of air pollution would become le important than that of unemployment.Although cars have led us to better life, they have also brought us new problems. 12

推荐第9篇：适合高中生拓展阅读的英语美文

新东方优美背诵短文50篇 Unit50:CellsandTemperature 50.Cells and Temperature ? Cells cannot remain alive outside certain limits of temperature and much narrower limits mark the boundaries of effective functioning.Enzyme systems of mammals and birds are most efficient only within a narrow range around 37C;a departure of a few degrees from this value seriously impairs their functioning.Even though cells can survive wider fluctuations the integrated actions of bodily systems are impaired.Other animals have a wider tolerance for changes of bodily temperature.For centuries it has been recognized that mammals and birds differ from other animals in the way they regulate body temperature.Ways of characterizing the difference have become more accurate and meaningful over time, but popular terminology still reflects the old division into “warm-blooded” and “cold-blooded” species; warm-blooded included mammals and birds whereas all other creatures were considered cold-blooded.As more species were studied, it became evident that this claification was inadequate.A fence lizard or a desert iguana—each cold-blooded----usually has a body temperature only a degree or two below that of humans and so is not cold.Therefore the next distinction was made between animals that maintain a constant body temperature, called home0therms, and those whose body temperature varies with their environments, called poikilotherms.But this claification also proved inadequate, because among mammals there are many that vary their body temperatures during hibernation.Furthermore, many invertebrates that live in the depths of the ocean never experience change in the depths of the ocean never experience change in the chill of the deep water, and their body temperatures remain constant.

细胞与温度细胞只能在一定的温度范围内存活，而进一步保证它们有效工作的温度范围就更小了。

哺乳动物和鸟类的酶系统只能在37℃左右的很小范围内才能有效工作。与此相差仅几度的温度都会大大削弱它们的工作效率。

尽管温度变化更大时细胞仍能存活，但机体系统的整体运行能力却被削弱了。其它动物对体温的变化有更强的适应性。几个世纪以来，人们就

认识到哺乳动物和鸟类调节体温的方式与其它动物不同。随着时间的推移，人们对这种差异的描述越来越精确和有意义，但是\"暖血动物\"和\"冷血动物\"这一古老的分类方式至今仍在大众词汇中有所反映。

暖血动物包括哺乳动物和鸟类，其它动物统统被视为冷血动物。但是对更多物种进行的研究表明这种分类显然是不适当的。美洲一种小型蜥蜴和沙漠鬣蜥同

属冷血动物，但实际上它们的体温通常只比人类的体温低1～2度，因此并不是真正的冷血。因此又出现了恒温动物(即保持恒定体温的动物)和变温动物(即体温随外界环境的变化而改变的动物)这一区分方式。但这种分类也不恰当。

因为有不少哺乳动物在冬眠期间会改变体温，而许多生活在深海的无脊椎动物在寒冷的深海水域中体温并不变化，而是恒定的。 ? ? 新东方优美背诵短文50篇 Unit49:Sleep 49 Sleep Sleet is part of a person’s daily activity cycle.There are several different stages of sleep, and they too occur in cycles.If you are an average sleeper, your sleep cycle is as follows.When you fist drift off into slumber, your eyes will roll about a bit, you temperature will drop slightly, your muscles will relax, and your breathing well slow and become quite regular.Your brain waves slow and become quite regular.Your brain waves slow down a bit too, with the alpha rhythm of rather fast waves 1 sleep.For the next half hour or so, as you relax more and more, you will drift down through stage 2 and stage 3 sleep.The lower your stage of sleep.slower your brain waves will be.Then about 40to 69 minutes after you lose consciousne you will have reached the deepest sleep of all.Your brain will show the large slow waves that are known as the delta rhythm.This is stage 4 sleep.You do not remain at this deep fourth stage all night long, but instead about 80 minutes after you fall into slumber, your brain activity level will increase again slightly.The delta rhythm will disappear, to be replaced by the activity pattern of brain waves.Your eyes will begin to dart around under your closed eyelids as if you were looking at something occurring in front of you.This period of rapid eye movement lasts for some 8 to 15 minutes and is called REM sleep.It is during REM sleep period, your body will soon relax again, your breathing will slip gently back from stage 1 to stage 4 sleep----only to rise once again to the surface of near consciousne some 80 minutes later. 睡眠

睡眠是人每天日常活动循环的一部分。人的睡眠分几个阶段，而这些阶段也是循环发生的。如果你是一个正常的睡眠者，你的睡眠循环会这样进行。

在你开始昏昏入睡时，你的眼睛会滚动几下，体温略有下降，肌肉放松，呼吸变得缓慢而有节奏。除了开始几分钟比较快的α节奏外，脑电波也稍有减缓。

这被称为第一阶段睡眠。在随后约半小时内，你进一步放松，进入第二和第三阶段睡眠。睡眠越深入，脑电波就越缓慢。大约在开始睡眠后的40到

60分钟，你将进入沉睡状态。这时的脑电波表现为巨大的缓波，被称为δ节奏。这就是第四阶段睡眠。但你并不是整夜都保持这种沉睡状态。入睡后约 80分钟左右，你的大脑运动水平会再度略有提高。δ节奏消失，并被脑电波的运动图形取代。你的眼睛会

在闭着的眼睑下迅速转动，就好象你在看着眼前发生的什么事情。这种迅速的眼球运动持续约8～15分钟，这一阶段睡眠被称之为快速眼动(REM)睡眠。

在REM睡眠阶段，你的肢体会很快再度放松，呼吸也再次放慢并变得有节奏，你会轻松地从第一阶段滑入第四阶段睡眠-直到大约80 分钟后重新接近清醒状态。 ?

新东方优美背诵短文50篇 Unit48:Bacteria 48 Bacteria Bacteria are extremely small living things.While we measure our own sizes in inches or centimeters, bacterial size is measured in microns.One micron is a thousandth of a millimeter: a pinhead is about a millimeter acro.Rod-shaped bacteria are usually from two to four microns long, while rounded ones are generally one micron in diameter.Thus if you enlarged a rounded bacterium a thousand times, it would be just about the size of a pinhead.An adult human magnified by the same amount would be over a mile(1.6 kilometer) tall.Even with an ordinary microscope, you must look closely to see bacteria.Using a magnification of 100 times, one finds that bacteria are barely visible as tiny rods or dots.One cannot make out anything of their structure.Using special stains, one can see that some bacteria have attached to them wavy-looking “hairs” called flagella.Others have only one flagellum.The flagella rotate, pushing the bacteria through the water.Many bacteria lack flagella and cannot move about by their own power, while others can glide along over surfaces by some little-understood mechanism.From the bacteria point of view, the world is a very different place from what it is to humans.To a bacterium water is as thick as molaes is to us.Bacteria are so small that they are influenced by the movements of the chemical molecules around them.Bacteria under the microscope, even those with no flagella, often bounce about in the water.This is because they collide with the watery molecules and are pushed this way and that.Molecules move so rapidly that within a tenth of a second the molecules around a bacteria have all been replaced by new ones; even bacteria without flagella are thus constantly exposed to a changing environment.

细菌细菌是极其微小的生物体。我们用英寸或厘米来测量自己的大小，而测量细菌却要用微米。一微米等于千分之一毫米。针头直径大约一毫米。

棒状细菌通常有2～4微米长，而圆形细菌的直径一般只有1微米。因此，即使你把一个圆形细菌放大1000倍，它也不过一个针头那么大。可是如果把一个成年人放大1000倍，就会变成1英里(或1.6公里)多高。用一般的显微镜观察细菌时，你必须仔细观察才能看见它们。使用

100倍的显微镜时，你会发现细菌不过是隐约可见的小细棒或小点点，而它们的结构你却根本看不出来。使

用特殊的着色剂后，你会发现有的细菌上长着不少波状的\"毛发\"即鞭毛，而有的细菌只有一根鞭毛。鞭毛的旋转可以推动细菌在水中行进。

不少细菌没有鞭毛，因而不能自己行进。还有些细菌却能通过某些鲜为人知的机制沿物体表面滑动。我们所熟知的世界在细菌眼中完全是另一个样子。

对于细菌来说，水就同糖浆之于人类一样稠密。细菌是如此的微小，周围化学分子的一举一动都会对它们产生影响。在显微镜下，细菌，甚至包括那些没有鞭

毛的细菌，经常在水中跳来跳去。这是因为它们与水分子相撞后，被弹向各个方向。分子移动很迅速，仅0.1 秒之隔，一个细菌周围的分子就会完全更新。因此，即使是没有鞭毛的细菌也暴露在一个不断变化的环境中 ? 新东方优美背诵短文50篇 Unit47:Folk Culture 47 Folk Cultures A folk culture is a small isolated, cohesive, conservative, nearly self-sufficient group that is homogeneous in custom and race with a strong family or clan structure and highly developed rituals.Order is maintained through sanctions based in the religion or family and interpersonal.Relationships are strong.Tradition is paramount, and change comes infrequently and slowly.There is relatively little division of labor into specialized duties.Rather, each person is expected to perform a great variety of tasks, though duties may differ between the sexes.Most goods are handmade and subsistence economy prevails.Individualism is weakly developed in folk cultures as are social claes.Unaltered folk cultures no longer exist in industrialized countries such as the United States and Canada.Perhaps the nearest modern equivalent in Anglo America is the Amish, a German American farming sect that largely renounces the products and labor saving devices of? the industrial age.In Amish areas, horse drawn buggies still serve as a local transportation device and the faithful are not permitted to own automobiles.The Amish’s central religious concept of Demut? “humility”, clearly reflects the weakne of individualism and social cla so typical of folk cultures and there is a corresponding strength of Amish group identity.Rarely do the Amish marry outside their sect.The religion, a variety of the Mennonite faith, provides the principal mechanism for maintaining order.By contrast a popular culture is a large heterogeneous group often highly individualistic and a pronounced many specialized profeions.Secular institutions of control such as the police and army take the place of religion and family in maintaining order, and a money-based economy prevails.Because of these contrasts, “popular” may be viewed as clearly different from “folk”.The popular is replacing the folk in industrialized countries and in many developing nations.Folk-made objects give way to their popular equivalent, usually because the popular item is more quickly or cheaply produced, is easier or time saving to use or leads more prestige to the owner.??? 民间文化民间文化是小型的、孤立的、紧密的、保守的、近乎自给自足的群体，具有同样的习俗、同样的人种和强有力的家庭或部族结构以及高度发展的宗教仪式。

秩序由宗教或家庭的约束来维持，成员间的关系非常紧密，传统至高无上，很少有变动且变动缓慢。劳动专业分工相对较少。

每个人都要做各类活计，尽管男女两性分工不同。绝大多数物品是手工制造的，经济一般为自给自足型。个人主义和社会阶层在民间文化群体中的发展十分

薄弱。在象美国和加拿大这样的工业化国家里，一成不变的民间文化群体已不复存在了。在当代美洲的英语区，与民间文化最相似的群体也许算是Amish。

Amish是美国的德裔农耕部落，他们基本上拒绝接受工业时代的大多数产品和节省劳力的设施。在Amish地区，轻

便马车仍是当地的交通工具，信徒们不允许拥有汽车。Amish宗教中的核心观念Demut即谦卑典型地反映了在民间文化群中个人主义和阶级的不发达。

而与此同时，Amish对群体的认同性却十分强。Amish人很少和他们宗派以外的人通婚。其宗教，作为Mennonite信

仰的一种，提供了维护秩序的主要机制。相反，大众文化是包含不同种族的大群体，通常高度个性化而且不断在变化。

人际关系冷漠，劳动分工明确，由此产生了许多专门的职业。世俗的控制机构，比如警察和军队，取代了宗教和家庭来维持秩序，而且实行的是货币经济。

由于存在着这些差异，\"大众的\"与\"民间的\"可谓大相径庭。在工业化国家以及许多发展中国家里，大众文化正在取代民间文化。

民间制造的物品正让位于大众化产品，这通常是因为大众化的物品制造起来更快、更便宜，用起来更容易、更方便或者是能给其所有者带来更多的威望。 ? ? ? ? ? 新东方优美背诵短文50篇 Unit46:Vision 46.Vision Human vision like that of other primates has evolved in an arboreal environment.In the dense complex world of a tropical forest, it is more important to see well that to develop an acute sense of smell.In the course of evolution members of the primate line have acquired large eyes while the snout has shrunk to give the eye an unimpeded view.Of mammals only humans and some primates enjoy color vision.The red flag is black to the bull.Horses live in a monochrome world .light visible to human eyes however occupies only a very narrow band in the whole electromagnetic spectrum.Ultraviolet rays are invisible to humans though ants and honeybees are sensitive to them.Humans though ants and honeybees are sensitive to them.Humans have no direct perception of infrared rays unlike the rattlesnake which has receptors tuned into wavelengths longer than 0.7 micron.The world would look eerily different if human eyes were sensitive to infrared radiation.Then instead of the darkne of night, we would be able to move easily in a strange shadowle world where objects glowed with varying degrees of intensity.But human eyes excel in other ways.They are in fact remarkably discerning in color gradation.The color sensitivity of normal human vision is rarely surpaed even by sophisticated technical devices. 视觉

人类的视觉，和其它灵长目动物的一样，是在丛林环境中进化出来的。在稠密、复杂的热带丛林里，好的视觉比灵敏的嗅觉更加重要。

在进化过程中，灵长目动物的眼睛变大，同时鼻子变小以使视野不受阻碍。在哺乳类动物中，只有人和一些灵长目动物能够分辨颜色。

红旗在公牛看来是黑色的，马则生活在一个单色的世界里。然而，人眼可见的光在整

个光谱中只占一个非常狭窄的频段。人是看不到紫外线的，尽管蚂蚁和蜜蜂可以感觉到。与响尾蛇不同，人也不能直接感受到红外线。

响尾蛇的感觉器可以感受波长超过0.7微米的光线。如果人能感受到红外线的话，这世界看上去将十分不同，而且恐怖。到那时，将与

夜的黑暗相反，我们能轻易地在一个奇异的没有阴影的世界里走动。任何物体都强弱不等地闪着光。然而，人眼在其它方面有优越之处。

事实上，人眼对颜色梯度具有非凡的分辨能力。普通人类的视觉感受色彩的灵敏程度，甚至连精密的技术装备都很难超越。 ? 新东方优美背诵短文50篇 Unit45:The Source of Energe 45.The source of Energy A summary of the physical and chemical nature of life must begin, not on the Earth, but in the Sun; in fact, at the Sun’s very center.It is here that is to be found the source of the energy that the Sun constantly pours out into space as light and heat.This energy is librated at the center of the Sun as billions upon billions of nuclei of hydrogen atoms collide with each other and fuse together to form nuclei of helium, and in doing so, release some of the energy that is stored in the nuclei of atoms.The output of light and heat of the Sun requires that some 600 million tons of hydrogen be converted into helium in the Sun every second.This the Sun has been doing for several thousands of millions of year.The nuclear energy is released at the Sun’s center as high-energy gamma radiation, a form of electromagnetic radiation like light and radio waves, only of very much shorter wavelength.This gamma radiation is absorbed by atoms inside the Sun to be reemitted at slightly longer wavelengths.This radiation , in its turn is absorbed and reemitted.As the energy filters through the layers of the solar interior, it paes through the X-ray part of the spectrum eventually becoming light.At this stage, it has reached what we call the solar surface, and can escape into space without being absorbed further by solar atoms.A very small fraction of the Sun’s light and heat is emitted in such directions that after paing unhindered through interplanetary space, it hits the Earth.

能量的来源

概说生命的物理和化学特性必须始于太阳--确切地说，是太阳的核心，而非地球。能量来自太阳的核心。

在这里，太阳不停地以光和热的形式向空间倾泻出能量。数十亿计的氢原子核在太阳的核心碰撞并且聚变生成氦。在此过程中一部分原本储存于原子核中的能

量被释放出来。太阳所产生的光和热需要每秒将六亿吨氢转化为氦。这样的转化在太阳中已经持续几十亿年了。核能在太阳的核心被释放为高能的伽马射线。这是一种电磁射线，就象光波和无线电波一样，只是波长要短得多。

这种伽玛射线被太阳内的原子所吸收，然后重新释放为波长稍长一些的光波。这新的射线再次被吸收，而后释放。在能量由太阳内

部一层层渗透出来的过程中，它经过了光谱中X射线部分，最后变成了光。在此阶段，能量到达我们所称的太阳表层，并且离散到空间而不再被太阳原子所吸收。只有很小一部分太阳的光和热由此方向释放出来，并且未被阻挡，穿越星空，来到地球。

? 新东方优美背诵短文50篇 Unit44:Obtaining Fresh water from icebergs 44.Obtaining Fresh water from icebergs?? ? The concept of obtaining fresh water from icebergs that are towed to populated areas and arid regions of the world was once treated as a joke more appropriate to cartoons than real life.But now it is being considered quite seriously by many nations, especially since scientists have warned that the human race will outgrow its fresh water supply faster than it runs out of food.Glaciers are a poible source of fresh water that has been overlooked until recently.Three-quarters of the Earth’s fresh water supply is still tied up in glacial ice, a reservoir of untapped fresh water so immense that it could sustain all the rivers of the world for 1,000 years.Floating on the oceans every year are 7,659 trillion metric tons of ice encased in 10000 icebergs that break away from the polar ice caps, more than ninety percent of them from Antarctica.Huge glaciers that stretch over the shallow continental shelf give birth to icebergs throughout the year.Icebergs are not like sea ice, which is formed when the sea itself freezes, rather, they are formed entirely on land, breaking off when glaciers spread over the sea.As they drift away from the polar region, icebergs sometimes move mysteriously in a direction opposite to the wind, pulled by subsurface currents.Because they melt more slowly than smaller pieces of ice, icebergs have been known to drift as far north as 35 degrees south of the equator in the Atlantic Ocean.To corral them and steer them to parts of the world where they are needed would not be too difficult.The difficulty arises in other technical matters, such as the prevention of rapid melting in warmer climates and the funneling of fresh water to shore in great volume.But even if the icebergs lost half of their volume in towing, the water they could provide would be far cheaper than that produced by desalinization, or removing salt from water.

从冰山中获取淡水把冰山拖到世界上人口稠密的地区和干旱地带，再从中获取淡水，这个想法曾一度被认

为是一个笑话，更适合于卡通画，而非现实生活。然而现在，许多国家正相当认真地考虑这件事情，特别是在科学家们发出警告之后。

科学家们认为人类将在耗尽粮食之前首先耗尽淡水资源。冰川是一个直到最近以前一直被忽视的可能的淡水源。全球四分之三的淡水还锁在冰川的冰块中。

冰川就是一个蓄水池，其中未开发的淡水量是如此巨大，足够支持全世界的江河1000年。每年有7，659万亿公吨冰漂流在海洋中。

它们包含在10，000座从极地冰帽中断裂出来的冰山中。这些冰山的90%以上来自南极。一年四季里，覆盖

在浅层大陆架上的巨大冰川生成了众多冰山。冰山和海水的冰不同，后者是海水自身结冰形成的，而冰山则完全是在陆地上形成的。

当冰川伸展到海水中时，冰山就断裂下来。当漂离极地地区时，冰山有时会在底层洋流的推动下颇为神秘地逆风移动。由于冰山比小块

的冰融化要慢，因此有的冰山在大西洋中向北飘到了赤道以南35°的地方。把冰山蓄拦起来并拖到世界上需要它们的地方将不会太困难。

有困难的是其它的技术事宜。比如，如何防止冰山在较暖的气候中迅速融化以及如何把大量的淡水收集到岸上去。但是，即便在拖的过程中冰山失去了一半体积，这样做也远比从海水中脱盐取得淡水便宜。

? 新东方优美背诵短文50篇 Unit43:Statistics 43.Statistics There were two widely divergent influences on the early development of statistical methods.Statistics had a mother who was dedicated to keeping orderly records of government units (states and statistics come from the same Latin root status) and a gentlemanly gambling father who relied on mathematics to increase his skill at playing the odds in games of chance.The influence of the mother on the offspring, statistics, is represented by counting, measuring, describing, tabulating, ordering, and the taking of censuses—all of which led to modern descriptive statistics.From the influence of the father came modern inferential statistics, which is based squarely on theories of probability.Describing collections involves tabulating, depicting and describing collections of data.These data may be quantitative such as measures of height, intelligence or grade level------variables that are characterized by an underlying continuum---or the data may represent qualitative variables, such as sex, college major or personality type.Large maes of data must generally undergo a proce of summarization or reduction before they are comprehensible.Descriptive statistics is a tool for describing or summarizing or reducing to comprehensible form the properties of an otherwise unwieldy ma of data.Inferential statistics is a formalized body of methods for solving another cla of problems that present great of problems characteristically involves attempts to make predictions using a sample of observations.For example, a school superintendent wishes to determine the proportion of children in a large school system who come to school without breakfast, have been vaccinated for flu, or whatever.Having a little knowledge of statistics, the superintendent would know that it is unneceary and inefficient to question each child: the proportion for the sample of as few as 100 children.Thus , the purpose of inferential statistics is to predict or estimate characteristics of a population from a knowledge of the characteristics of only a sample of the population.

统计学

统计方法的早期发展受到两种截然不同的影响。统计学有一个\"母亲\"，她致力于井井

有条地记录政府机构的文件(国家和统计学这两个词源于同一个拉丁语词根，status)，还有一

个有绅士般的赌博\"父亲\"，他依靠数学来提高赌技，以便在几率的游戏中取胜。\"母亲\"对其子女统计学的影响表现在计数、测量、描述、制表、归类和人口普查。所有这些导致了现代描述统计学的诞生。

由于\"父亲\"的影响则产生了完全基于概率论原理的现代推理统计学。描述统计学涉及对所收集数据的制表、制图和描述。这些数据可以是数量性的数据，

如高度、智商、或者是层级性的数据--具有连续性的变量--或数据也可以代表性质变量，如性别、大学专业或性格类型等等。数量庞大的数据通常必须经过概括或删减的程序才能为人所理解。描述统计学就是这样一个工具，它对极其庞杂的数据进行描述、概括或删减，

使其变成能为人理解的东西。推理统计学是一套已定形了的方法体系，它解决的是光凭人脑极难解决的另一类问题。

这类问题的显著特点是试图通过取样调查来作出预测。例如，有一位教育督察想知道在一个庞大的学校系统中，不吃早饭就上学的学生、已经做过防感冒

免疫的学生，或其它任何类型的学生占多大比例。若具备一些统计学的知识，这位督察应明白，询问每个孩子是没有必要而且没有效率的，只要用100 个孩子为样本，他就可以相当精确地得出这些孩子占整个学区的比例了。因此，推理统计学的目的就是通过了解一个群

体中一些样本的特性，从而对整个群体的特性进行推测和估算。

? 新东方优美背诵短文50篇 Unit42:Coal-fired power plants 42.Coal-fired power plants The invention of the incandescent light bulb by Thomas A.Edison in 1879 created a demand for a cheap, readily available fuel with which to generate large amounts of electric power.Coal seemed to fit the bill, and it fueled the earliest power stations.(which were set up at the end of the nineteenth century by Edison himself).As more power plants were constructed throughout the country, the reliance on coal increased throughout the country, the reliance on coal increased.Since the First World War, coal-fired power plants had a combined in the United States each year.In 1986 such plants had a combined generating capacity of 289,000 megawatts and consumed 83 percent of the nearly 900 million tons of coal mined in the country that year.Given the uncertainty in the future growth of the nearly 900 million tons of coal mined in the country that year.Given the uncertainty in the future growth of nuclear power and in the supply of oil and natural gas, coal-fired power plants could well provide up to 70 percent of the electric power in the United States by the end of the century.Yet, in spite of the fact that coal has long been a source of electricity and may remain on for many years(coal represents about 80 percent of United States foil-fuel reserves), it has actually never been the most desirable foil fuel for power plants.Coal contains le energy per unit of weight than weight than natural gas or oil; it is difficult to transport, and it is aociated with a host of environmental iues, among them acid rain.Since the late 1960’s problems of emiion control and waste disposal have sharply reduced the appeal of coal-fired power plants.The cost of ameliorating these environment problems along with the rising cost of building a facility as large and complex as a coal-fired power plant, have also made such plants le attractive from a purely economic perspective.Changes in the technological base of coal-fired power plants could restore their attractivene, however.Whereas some of these changes are intended mainly to increase the productivity of existing plants, completely new technologies for burning coal cleanly are also being developed.

火力发电厂托马斯?爱迪生1879年发明的白炽灯导致对便宜、易得、可生产大量电能的燃料的需求。

煤似乎符合这个要求，并成为第一批电厂的燃料(正是爱迪生本人在19世纪末建造了第一批电厂)。全国到处兴建电厂时，对煤的依赖加深了。

自第一次世界大战以来，美国每年约有一半的电力是以煤为燃料的电厂提供的。1986年这些电厂的总发电能力达到28，900 千瓦并且消耗了当年全国开采的九亿吨煤的83%。考虑到核能发展以及石油、天然气供应中的不确定因素，到本世纪末，火力发电厂仍可能为美国提供多达

70%的电力。然而，尽管煤长期以来一直是电力的原料之一并且可能会继续如此(煤占美国化石燃料储量的80%)，它却不是电厂的理想燃料。

煤的单位能量含量低于石油和天然气，而且会导致包括酸雨在内的一系列环境问题。从1960年以来，排放控制和垃圾处理的问题极大地

削弱了燃煤电厂的魅力。由于减轻这些环境问题需要大量资金，而且建造庞大复杂的燃煤电厂的费用不断上涨，也使得这些电厂从经济角度上不具备吸引力。

改变火力发电厂的基础技术却可能恢复它们的吸引力。虽然某些技术改进是渐进的，其目的只是提高现有电厂的生产率，但人们正在开发全新的清洁燃煤的技术。 ? ? ? ? 新东方优美背诵短文50篇 Unit41:American Black Bears 41.American black bears American black bears appear in a variety of colors despite their name.In the eastern part of their range, most of these brown, red, or even yellow coats.To the north, the black bear is actually gray or white in color.Even in the same litter, both brown and black furred bears may be born.Black bears are the smallest of all American bears, ranging in length from five to six feet, weighing from three hundred to five hundred pounds Their eyes and ears are small and their eyesight and hearing are not as good as their sense of smell.Like all bears, the black bear is timid, clumsy, and rarely dangerous , but if attacked, most can climb trees and cover ground at great speeds.When angry or frightened, it is a formidable enemy.Black bears feed on leaves, herbs.Fruit, berries, insects, fish, and even larger animals.One of the most interesting characteristics of bears, including the black bear, is their winter sleep.Unlike squirrels, woodchucks, and many other woodland animals, bears do not actually hibernate.Although the bear does not during the winter moths, sustaining itself from body fat, its temperature remains almost normal, and it breathes regularly four or five times per minute.Most black bears live alone, except during mating season.They prefer to live in caves, hollow logs, or dense thickets.A little of one to four cubs is born in January or February after a gestation period of six to nine months, and they remain with their mother until they are fully grown or about one and a half years old.Black bears can live as long as thirty years in the wild , and even longer in game preserves set aside for them. 美国黑熊

美国黑熊虽然被叫做黑熊但却有各种各样的颜色。在它们生活区域的东部，大部分黑熊长有富有光泽的黑毛，但在西部，他们则长着棕色、红色甚至是黄色的毛。

在北部，黑熊其实长着灰色或白色的毛。就是在一胎所生的小熊中，都可能混杂棕毛和黑毛。黑熊是所有美洲熊中最小的，5～6英尺长，300～500 磅重。它们的眼睛和耳朵都很小，他们的视力和听觉不如嗅觉那样好。像所有的熊一样，黑熊胆小，笨拙，很少具有危险性。但如果

受到攻击，大部分黑熊会以很快的速度爬上树和奔跑。当发怒或受惊吓时，黑熊会成为可怕的对手。

黑熊以树叶、草、树根、水果、浆果、昆虫、鱼，甚至更大的动物为食。熊类，包括黑熊的最有趣的一个特点是他们的冬眠。

与松鼠、旱獭和其它别的林地动物不同，熊并不真正地冬眠。虽然熊在冬天的几个月中不吃东西，靠体内脂肪维持生命，但它们的体

温保持正常，并有规律地一分钟呼吸4或5次。除交配季节外，大多数黑熊独自生活。他们喜欢住在洞里、空心的大木头里或茂密的树丛里。经过6 到9个月的怀孕期后一胎1～4个小熊在1月或2月出生。它们同母熊住在一起，直到它们完全长大，即1岁半左右。黑

熊在野外可以活到长达30年，在专门的保护区中甚至能活得更长。新东方优美背诵短文50篇 Unit40:Cohesion-tension Theory 40 Cohesion-tension Theory Atmospheric preure can support a column of water up to 10 meters high.But plants can move water much higher; the sequoia tree can pump water to its very top more than 100 meters above the ground.Until the end of the nineteenth century, the movement of water in trees and other tall plants was a mystery.Some botanists hypothesized that the living cells of plants acted as pumps.But many experiments demonstrated that the stems of plants in which all the cells are killed can still move water to appreciable heights.Other explanations for the movement of water in plants have been based on root preure, a push on the water from the roots at the bottom of the plant.But root preure is not nearly great enough to push water to the tops of tall trees.Furthermore, the conifers, which are among the tallest trees, have unusually low root preures.If water is not pumped to the top of a tall tree, and if it is not pushed to the top of a tall tree, then we may ask: how does it get there? According to the currently accepted cohesion-tension theory, water is pulled there.The pull on a rising column of water in a plant results from the evaporation of water at the top of the plant.As water is lost from the surface of the leaves, a negative preure, or tension, is created.The evaporated water is replaced by water moving from inside the plant in unbroken columns that extend from the top of a plant to its roots.The same forces that create surface tension in any sample of water are responsible for the maintenance of these unbroken columns of water.When water is confined in tubes of very small bore, the forces of cohesion (the attraction between water molecules) are so great that the strength of a column of water compares with the strength of a steel wire of the same diameter.This cohesive strength permits columns of water to be pulled to great heights without being broken.

内聚压力理论

大气压能够支持10米高的水柱，但植物可将水送得更高。美洲红杉就能把水泵到地面以上100多米高的树顶。直到19 世纪末，水在树木和其它高大植物中的输送还是一个谜。一些植物学家假定植物中的活细胞充当了水泵的角色。但许多实验表明细胞都已死亡的植

物茎干仍能将水输送到相当可观的高度。对于植物中输送水的其它解释都基于根压--植物底端的根对水的推动。但根压完全不足以将水推到树顶。

况且，最高树木中的松柏只有很低的根压。如果水不是被泵到高树的树顶，也不是被推到树顶，那么我们会问：它是怎样

到达树顶的呢?根据目前为人们所接受的内聚压力的理论，水是被拉到上面去的。一株植物中作用于一个正在升高的水柱之上的拉力来自该植物顶部水的蒸发。

由于水从叶子表面丧失，一个负压力，或张力就得以产生。蒸发出去的水被植物里流动的水代替。这些水形成

水柱从植物顶端一直延伸到根部。在任何水样中造成表面张力的力支持着这些不断的水柱。当水被限制在内径很小的管道中时，内聚压力(水分子之间的相互吸引力)是如此之大以致一支水柱的强度相当于一根直径相同的钢丝的强度。

这种内聚压力使得水柱被拉到非常高的地方而不会断裂。 ? 新东方优美背诵短文50篇 Unit39:The Salinity of Ocean Waters 39 The Salinity of Ocean Waters If the salinity of ocean waters is analyzed, it is found to vary only slightly from place to place.Neverthele, some of these small changes are important.There are three basic procees that cause a change in oceanic salinity.One of these is the subtraction of water from the ocean by means of evaporation--- conversion of liquid water to water vapor.In this manner the salinity is increased, since the salts stay behind.If this is carried to the extreme, of course, white crystals of salt would be left behind.The opposite of evaporation is precipitation, such as rain, by which water is added to the ocean.Here the ocean is being diluted so that the salinity is decreased.This may occur in areas of high rainfall or in coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean.Thus salinity may be increased by the subtraction of water by evaporation, or decreased by the addition of fresh water by precipitation or runoff.Normally, in tropical regions where the sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation.Similarly, in coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea, salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas.A third proce by which salinity may be altered is aociated with the formation and melting of sea ice.When sea water is frozen, the diolved materials are left behind.In this manner, sea water directly materials are left behind.In this manner, sea water directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did before the ice appeared.Of course, when this ice melts, it will tend to decrease the salinity of the surrounding water.In the Weddell Sea Antarctica, the densest water in the oceans is formed as a result of this freezing proce, which increases the salinity of cold water.This heavy water sinks and is found in the deeper portions of the oceans of the world.

海水盐度如果我们分析海水的盐度，会发现地区间只有轻微的变化，然而有些小的变化是重要的。

导致海洋的盐度变化的基本过程有三个，其中之一是通过蒸发的方式即把液态水转化为水蒸气来减少海洋中的水分。这样由于盐留了下来，所以盐度增大。

当然，如果这种方式走向极端，将会余下白色的盐晶体。与蒸发相反的是降水，如降雨，由此水被加入海中，海水被稀释，从而盐度降低。

这种情形会发生在大量降雨的地区，或江河入海岸处。因此，盐度通过蒸发减少水分而上升或通过降水或径流增加淡水成分而下降。一般来说，在阳光很

强烈的热带地区，海水的盐度略高于世界上其它没有热带那样多的蒸发的地区。同理，在江河稀释海水的海岸地带，海水盐度略低于其它海区。

第三个可以变更盐度的过程与海洋中冰的形成和融化有关。海水冻结时，溶于其中的物质被留了下来。这样，在新形成的海

水冰面的正下方的海水比在冰形成之前有更高的盐度。当然，当冰融化的时候，会降低周围水中的盐度。

在南极洲边缘的威德尔海中，结冰过程增加低温海水的盐度，从而形成了浓度最大的海水。这些大密度的海水下沉，可以在世界海洋的深水域发现。新东方优美背诵短文50篇 Unit38:Topaz 38 Topaz Topaz is a hard, transparent mineral.It is a compound of aluminum, silica, and fluorine.Gem topaz is valuable.Jewelers call this variety of the stone “precious topaz”.The best-known precious topaz gems range in color from rich yellow to light brown or pinkish red.Topaz is one of the hardest gem minerals.In the mineral table of hardne, it has a rating of 8, which means that a knife cannot cut it, and that topaz will scratch quartz.The golden variety of precious topaz is quite uncommon.Most of the world’s topaz is white or blue.The white and blue crystals of topaz are large, often weighing thousands of carats.For this reason, the value of topaz does not depend so much on its size as it does with diamonds and many other precious stones, where the value increases about four times with each doubling of weight.The value of a topaz is largely determined by its quality.But color is also important: blue topaz, for instance, is often irradiated to deepen and improve its color.Blue topaz is often sold as aquamarine and a variety of brown quartz is widely sold as topaz.The quartz is much le brilliant and more plentiful than true topaz.Most of it is variety of amethyst: that heat has turned brown.

黄水晶

黄水晶是一种坚硬、透明的矿物质。它是铝、硅和氟的化合物。黄水晶宝石价值不菲。珠宝商把这种石头称为\"黄玉\"。

最出名的黄玉有各种颜色如深黄色、淡棕色、浅红色等。黄水晶是最坚硬的宝石矿中的一种。在矿石硬度表上，它的硬度为8，这表明刀子不能割开

它而它可在石英上划痕。金黄色的黄玉品种非常罕见。世界上大多数的黄水晶是白色或蓝色的。这些白色或蓝色的黄水晶晶体很大，常常有数千克拉重。

由于这个原因，黄水晶的价值不像钻石和许多其它宝石那样主要依赖于其大小，重量翻一番价值即上升约四倍。黄

水晶的价值很大程度上取决于其品质，但颜色也很重要。举例来说，蓝色的黄水晶常需放射处理以加深和改善其颜色。

蓝色的黄水晶常被作为海蓝宝石出售，许多种棕色石英被当作黄水晶广为贩卖。石英光亮度远小于黄水晶，矿藏储量也远较黄水晶丰富。大多数石英是一种紫水晶，高温使其变为棕色。

新东方优美背诵短文50篇 Unit37:Icebergs 37 Icebergs Icebergs are among nature’s most spectacular creations, and yet most people have never seen one.A vague air of mystery envelops them.They come into being ----- somewhere ------in faraway, frigid waters, amid thunderous noise and splashing turbulence, which in most cases no one hears or sees.They exist only a short time and then slowly waste away just as unnoticed.Objects of sheerest beauty they have been called.Appearing in an endle variety of shapes, they may be dazzlingly white, or they may be glay blue, green or purple, tinted faintly of in darker hues.They are graceful, stately, inspiring ----- in calm, sunlight seas.But they are also called frightening and dangerous, and that they are ----? in the night, in the fog, and in storms.Even in clear weather one is wise to stay a safe distance away from them.Most of their bulk is hidden below the water, so their underwater parts may extend out far beyond the visible top.Also, they may roll over unexpectedly, churning the waters around them.Icebergs are parts of glaciers that break off, drift into the water, float about awhile, and finally melt.Icebergs afloat today are made of snowflakes that have fallen over long ages of time.They embody snows that drifted down hundreds, or many thousands, or in some cases maybe a million years ago.The snows fell in polar regions and on cold mountains, where they melted only a little or not at all, and so collected to great depths over the years and centuries.As each year’s snow accumulation lay on the surface, evaporation and melting caused the snowflakes slowly to lose their feathery points and become tiny grains of ice.When new snow fell on top of the old, it too turned to icy grains.So blankets of snow and ice grains mounted layer upon layer and were of such great thickne that the weight of the upper layers compreed the lower ones.With time and preure from above, the many small ice grains joined and changed to larger crystals, and eventually the deeper crystals merged into a solid ma of ice.

冰山冰山是大自然最壮观的创造之一，但大多数人却从未看到过冰山，一种朦胧神秘的气氛笼罩着它们。冰山形成于久远的、寒冷的水体中，而且伴随着雷声轰鸣般的嘈杂和水花汹涌的风暴，但却无人耳闻目睹。冰山仅存在短短的一段时间就慢慢地悄无声息地融化掉。冰山具有最纯粹的美，人们如是说。

冰山呈现出千姿百态，可能白得耀眼，或者是闪耀着蓝色、绿色或紫色的玻璃般的光芒，或浓或淡。它们在平静的阳光照耀的海水中显得优雅堂皇，令人浮想联翩。但是人们亦把冰山称为恐怖的和危险的。它们的确如此--在夜间，雾天和风暴肆虐时。

即便是在晴朗的天气里，与它们保持一段安全距离也是明智的。冰山的大部分体积稳藏于水下，因此其水下部分的伸展远远超过可见的顶部。冰山也可能出人意

料地翻滚，剧烈地搅动周围的水体。冰山是冰川的一部分，从冰川断裂漂流进水中，一段时间后融化。今天的冰山由多年前降落的雪花形成。

它们的体内是数百年，或数千年，有时甚至是数百万年前的降雪。这些雪花落在极地或寒冷的山上，仅有少量融化或根本不融

化，这样经过许多年或许多世纪后积累了巨大的深度。由于每年的雪花积累在表面之上，蒸发和融化使得雪花慢慢失去其羽状尖端而变成微小的冰粒。

当新的雪花降落到旧的表面上，也变成了冰粒。因而雪花覆盖层和冰粒层层堆积起来直到如此之大的厚度以致较上层的重量压缩较下层。

在时间和压力的作用下，许多小冰粒结合到一起变成更大的晶体，最终较底层的晶体合并成庞大而坚固的冰块。 ? ? 新东方优美背诵短文50篇 Unit36:Plate Tectonics and Sea-floor Spreading 36.Plate Tectonics and Sea-floor Spreading The theory of plate tectonics describes the motions of the lithosphere, the comparatively rigid outer layer of the Earth that includes all the crust and part of the underlying mantle.The lithosphere(n.[地]岩石圈)is divided into a few dozen plates of various sizes and shapes, in general the plates are in motion with respect to one another.A mid-ocean ridge is a boundary between plates where new lithospheric material is injected from below.As the plates diverge from a mid-ocean ridge they slide on a more yielding layer at the base of the lithosphere.Since the size of the Earth is eentially constant, new lithosphere can be created at the mid-ocean ridges only if an equal amount of lithospheric material is consumed elsewhere.The site of this destruction is another kind of plate boundary: a subduction zone.There one plate dives under the edge of another and is reincorporated into the mantle.Both kinds of plate boundary are aociated with fault systems, earthquakes and volcanism, but the kinds of geologic activity observed at the two boundaries are quite different.The idea of sea-floor spreading actually preceded the theory of plate tectonics.In its original version, in the early 1960’s, it described the creation and destruction of the ocean floor, but it did not specify rigid lithospheric plates.The hypothesis was substantiated soon afterward by the discovery that periodic reversals of the Earth’s magnetic field are recorded in the oceanic crust.As magma rises under the mid-ocean ridge, ferromagnetic minerals in the magma become magnetized in the direction of the magma become magnetized in the direction of the geomagnetic field.When the magma cools and solidifies, the direction and the polarity of the field are preserved in the magnetized volcanic rock.Reversals of the field give rise to a series of magnetic stripes running parallel to the axis of the rift.The oceanic crust thus serves as a magnetic tape recording of the history of the geomagnetic field that can be dated independently; the width of the stripes indicates the rate of the sea-floor spreading.

板块结构与海床扩展

板块结构理论描述岩石圈的运动。岩石圈是相对坚硬的地球外层，包括全部地壳和部分地幔。岩石圈被划分为几十个大小不同形状各异的板块，一般而言这些板块都处于相对运动之中。一道中海脊是板块之间的边界，在那里新的岩石圈的物质从下部注入。

当板块从中海脊脱离时，它们滑向在岩石圈基部较易变形的地层上。因为地球的大小本质上是不

变的，只有同等数量的岩石圈物质在其它地方被吞没，新的岩石圈才能生成。销毁旧岩石圈的地方形成另外一种板块边界：一块潜没的区域。在这里，一块板块潜没到另一板块的边缘之下并结合入地幔之中。

两种板块边界均与地层系统、地震以及火山活动有关，但在两种边界处观察到的诸般地质活动却迥然不同。海床扩展说实际上早于板块结构理论。在

20世纪60年代它的理论雏形中，描述了海底的生成和毁灭，但没有详细介绍坚硬的岩石圈板块。这个假定不久之后为发现所证实。

该发现表明地球磁场周期性的逆转被记录在海洋地壳中。当岩浆从中海脊下涌起的时候，岩浆中的磁铁矿物质按地磁场的方向被磁化。岩

浆冷却并凝固下来后，地磁场的方向和磁极被保留在磁化了的火山岩中。磁场的逆转形成一系列与断层轴线平行的条形磁区。

这样海洋壳就扮演了磁带的角色，记录下可以鉴定时间的地磁场的历史。条形磁区的宽度表明了海底扩展的速度。

新东方优美背诵短文50篇 Unit35:Oil Refining 35.Oil Refining An important new industry, oil refining, grew after the Civil war.Crude oil, or petroleum – a dark, thick ooze from the earth – had been known for hundreds of years, but little use had ever been made of it.In the 1850’s Samuel M.Kier, a manufacturer in western Pennsylvania, began collecting the oil from local seepages and refining it into kerosene.Refining, like smelting, is a proce of removing impurities from a raw material.Kerosene was used to light lamps.It was a cheap substitute for whale oil, which was becoming harder to? get.Soon there was a large demand for kerosene.People began to search for new supplies of petroleum.The first oil well was drilled by E.L.Drake, a retired railroad conductor.In 1859 he began drilling in Titusville, Pennsylvania.The whole venture seemed so impractical and foolish that onlookers called it “ Drake’s Folly”.But when he had drilled down about 70 feet(21 meters), Drake struck oil.His well began to yield 20 barrels of crude oil a day.News of Drake’s succe brought oil prospectors to the scene.By the early 1860’s these wildcatters were drilling for “ black gold” all over western Pennsylvania.The boom rivaled the California gold rush of 1848 in its excitement and Wild West atmosphere.And it brought far more wealth to the prospectors than any gold rush.Crude oil could be refined into many products.For some years kerosene continued to be the principal one.It was sold in grocery stores and door-to-door.In the 1880’s refiners learned how to make other petroleum products such as waxes and lubricating oils.Petroleum was not then used to make gasoline or heating oil. 炼油

一种重要的新兴工业--炼油业在国内战争后成长起来。未加工的石油，或原油--一种深色的地下的稠浆--数百年来一直为大众所知，但是人们却很少使用过它。

在十九世纪五十年代，萨缪尔?M?科尔，宾西法尼亚西部的一位制造商，开始从当地的溢出物中收集石油

并将它炼成煤油。与冶炼矿石一样，石油提炼是一个从未加工的原料中除去杂质的过程。煤油被用来点灯。

它是鲸油的一种便宜的替代品，而鲸油正变得越来越难以获得。不久就产生了对煤油的大量需求。人们开始寻找新的石油供应。第一口油井为

E?L?瑞克，一个退休的火车检票员所钻得。1859年他开始在宾西法尼亚的泰特斯维尔钻井。整个的这项

冒险事业看起来是如此不现实和愚蠢以致旁观者称之为\"鸭子的蠢行\"。(译者注：Drake\'sFolly,drake 在这里意含双关，即指瑞克的名字，又指该词的本义即鸭子。)但当瑞克往下钻至70英尺(21米)的时候，他发现了石油。他的油井从此每天生产

20桶原油。瑞克成功的消息将石油勘探者们吸引到现场。截止到19世纪60年代早期，这些冒险者为寻找\"黑色的

金子\"钻探遍了整个宾西法尼亚西部。这项繁荣的事业在刺激性和粗犷的西部气氛上可与 1848年的加州淘金热相媲美，而且它为勘探者带来了远超过淘金潮的财富。原油能被提炼成许多产品。多年以来煤油一直是主要的一种产品。

它在杂货店中出售由人挨户推销。19世纪八十九十年代炼油者们懂得了生产其它石油产品，如蜡和润滑油。那时石油还没有被用来制造汽油或采暖装置用油。

新东方优美背诵短文50篇 Unit34:Raising Oysters 34 Raising Oysters In the oysters were raised in much the same way as dirt farmers raised tomatoes- by transplanting them.First, farmers selected the oyster bed, cleared the bottom of old shells and other debris, then scattered clean shells about.Next, they ”planted” fertilized oyster eggs, which within two or three weeks hatched into larvae.The larvae drifted until they attached themselves to the clean shells on the bottom.There they remained and in time grew into baby oysters called seed or spat.The spat grew larger by drawing in seawater from which they derived microscopic particles of food.Before long, farmers gathered the baby oysters, transplanted them once more into another body of water to fatten them up.Until recently the supply of wild oysters and those crudely farmed were more than enough to satisfy people’s needs.But today the delectable seafood is no longer available in abundance.The problem has become so serious that some oyster beds have vanished entirely.Fortunately, as far back as the early 1900’s marine biologists realized that if new measures were not taken, oysters would become extinct or at best a luxury food.So they set up well-equipped hatcheries and went to work.But they did not have the proper equipment or the skill to handle the eggs.They did not know when, what, and how to feed the larvae.And they knew little about the predators that attack and eat baby oysters by the millions.They failed, but they doggedly kept at it.Finally, in the 1940’s a significant breakthrough was made.The marine biologists discovered that by raising the temperature of the water, they could induce oysters to spawn not only in the summer but also in the fall, winter, and spring.Later they? developed a technique for feeding the larvae and rearing them to spat.Going still further, they succeeded in breeding new strains that were resistant to diseases, grew faster and larger, and flourished in water of different salinities and temperatures.In addition, the cultivated oysters tasted better!

饲养牡蛎

过去人们饲养牡蛎的方式很大程度上类似于田地里的农夫种植蕃茄--通过移植来饲养它们。首先，农夫选好牡蛎苗床，清除底部的旧壳和其它杂物，然后四处撒播干净的壳。接着，他们\"栽种\"已受精的牡蛎卵。这些卵在2～3周内会孵化成幼贝。

幼贝一直漂流直到粘在苗床底部干净的壳上为止。它们会呆在那儿并逐渐长成小牡蛎。我们称之为种子或贝

苗。贝苗吸进海水中的微小生物作为食物从而越长越大。不久之后，农夫将这些小牡蛎收集起来，把它们移种进其他的水域加快其生长，然后再次将它们移种进另外的水域以使其肥壮起来。直到最近，野生的以及人工饲养的牡蛎完全能够满足人们的需要。

但是今天这种可口的海味已不再大量存在。这个问题已经变得如此严重以至于一些牡蛎苗床已完全消失。幸运的是，早在20 世纪初期海洋生物学家们就意识到如果不采取新的措施，牡蛎将会灭绝或至少会变为一种奢侈的食品。因此他们建造了装备良好的孵卵场所并开始工作。但是他

们尚没有适当的装置或技术来处理牡蛎卵。他们不知道何时、用什么以及如何喂养幼贝。他们对捕食数百万幼小牡蛎的动物天敌也所知无几。

他们失败了，但他们顽强地坚持了下来。终于，在20世纪40年代，一个重要的突破性的进展产生了。海洋生物学家发现，升高水

温能够诱导牡蛎不仅在夏季也在秋季、冬季和春季里产卵。后来他们发展了一项技术来喂养幼贝至其长成贝苗。

他们进一步成功地培养出了新的品种，可以抵抗疾病、长得更快、更大并且在不同的盐度和温度的水中都能茁壮生长。此外，这些培殖出的牡蛎口感更佳! ? 新东方优美背诵短文50篇 Unit33:Plankton浮游生物 33 Plankton浮游生物.Scattered through the seas of the world are billions of tons of small plants and animals called plankton.Most of these plants and animals are too small for the human eye to see.They drift about lazily with the currents, providing a basic food for many larger animals.Plankton has been described as the equivalent of the graes that grow on the dry land continents, and the comparison is an appropriate one.In potential food value, however, plankton far outweighs that of the land graes.One scientist has estimated that while graes of the world produce about 49 billion tons of valuable carbohydrates each year, the sea’s plankton generates more than twice as much.Despite its enormous food potential, little effect was made until recently to farm plankton as we farm graes on land.Now marine scientists have at last begun to study this poibility, especially as the sea’s resources loom even more important as a means of feeding an expanding world population.No one yet has seriously suggested that “ plankton-burgers” may soon become popular around the world.As a poible farmed supplementary food source, however, plankton is gaining considerable interest among marine scientists.One type of plankton that seems to have great harvest poibilities is a tiny shrimp-like creature called krill.Growing to two or three inches long, krill provides the major food for the great blue whale, the largest animal to ever inhabit the Earth.Realizing that this whale may grow to 100 feet and weigh 150 tons at maturity, it is not surprising that each one devours more than one ton of krill daily.

浮游生物数十亿吨的被称为\"浮游生物\"的小动物、植物散布在世界的海洋中。这些小的动、植物大多太小而难以被人眼看到。

它们随波逐流，为许多较大的动物提供了基本的食物。浮游生物曾被描述为生长在大陆陆地上的各种草类的海洋对应物。这种比喻是恰当

的。然而就潜在的食物价值而言，浮游生物远胜于草类。一位科学家曾经估计，世界上的草类每年生产大约490 亿吨有用的碳水化合物，而海洋里的浮游生物每年生产的碳水化合物多于此数的两倍。尽管浮游生物具备巨大的食物潜能，但直到最近人们还很少象种植草类

那样付出努力养殖浮游生物。现在，海洋科学家们至少已开始研究这种可能性。全球人口不断扩张，海洋资源作为食品的重要性日益突出。

现在还没有人认真说过\"浮游生物汉堡\"会很快在世界上流行起来。然而，作为一种可能养殖的补充性食物资源，浮游生物正引起了海洋科学家们相当大的兴趣。一种似乎具有很大收获可能性的微小的虾状浮游生物被称为鳞虾。鳞虾长至2～3英寸长时即成为地球上曾居住过的最大动物--蓝鲸的主要食物。成

熟的蓝鲸可以达到100英尺长，150吨重，所以每头鲸每天吞食1吨多的鳞虾一点也不让人吃惊。

? 新东方优美背诵短文50篇 Unit32:Botany 32 Botany Botany, the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge.For many thousands of years it was the one field of awarene about which humans had anything more than the vaguest of insights.It is impoible to know today just what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but form what we can observe of pre-industrial societies that still exist a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient.This is logical.Plants are the basis of the food pyramid for all living things even for other plants.They have always been enormously important to the welfare of people not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes, medicines, shelter, and a great many other purposes.Tribes living today in the jungles of the Amazon recognize literally hundreds of plants and know many properties of each.To them, botany, as such, has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of “ knowledge” at all.Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants, and the le distinct our knowledge of botany grows.Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid.When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago, discovered that certain graes could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the next season the first great step in a new aociation of plants and humans was taken.Grains were discovered and from them flowed the marvel of agriculture: cultivated crops.From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild- and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away.

植物学

植物学，即对植物的研究，在人类知识的历史中占据了特殊的地位。这是人类几千年来超越模糊的认知而真正有所了解的领域之一。

我们今天不可能知道新石器时代的祖先们对植物到底了解多少，但我们在至今仍存在的前工业化社会观察到：人类对植物及其特性的详细了解应该是非常古老的。

这是理所当然的。植物是其他生物甚至其他植物食物金字塔的基础。它们对人们的生活至关重要，不仅在食物上，而且在衣物、武器、工具、染料、

药物、住所和许许多多其他的用途上。至今仍生活在亚马逊河丛林中的部落确实能够辨识几百种植物并知道每一种的许多特性。

对他们来说，植物学没有专门的名称，甚至可能根本未被认为是一种专门知识。不幸的是，工业化的程度越高，我们距直接与植物接触就越

远，我们的植物学知识的增加也就越微不足道。然而每个人在不知不觉中拥有大量的植物学知识，很少有人认不出玫瑰、苹果或兰花。

大约一万年前居住在中东的新时代的祖先们发现某些草能被收获，它们的种子下一季耕种会收获更多时，人类就迈出了人和植物之间的新关系第一大步。

谷子被发现后，农业的奇迹从此诞生：这就是可栽培的谷物。从那时起，人类越来越依赖少数可控制的作物生存，而不再是从众多的野生种类中这里获取一点，那里获取一点。这样在千万年中对于野生植物的经验和密切联系中积累起来的知识就开始消失了。

? 新东方优美背诵短文50篇 Unit31:British Columbia 31 British Columbia British Columbia is the third largest Canadian provinces, both in area and population.It is nearly 1.5 times as large as Texas, and extends 800 miles(1,280km) north from the United States border.It includes Canada’s entire west coast and the islands just off the coast.Most of British Columbia is mountainous, with long rugged ranges running north and south.Even the coastal islands are the remains of a mountain range that existed thousands of years ago.During the last Ice Age, this range was scoured by glaciers until most of it was beneath the sea.Its peaks now show as islands scattered along the coast.The southwestern coastal region has a humid mild marine climate.Sea winds that blow inland from the west are? warmed by a current of warm water that flows through the? Pacific Ocean.As a result, winter temperatures average above freezing and summers are mild.These warm western winds also carry moisture from the ocean.Inland from the coast, the winds from the Pacific meet the mountain barriers of the coastal ranges and? the Rocky Mountains.As they rise to cro the mountains, the winds are cooled, and their moisture begins to fall as rain.On some of the western slopes almost 200 inches (500cm) of rain fall each year.More than half of British Columbia is heavily forested.On mountain slopes that receive plentiful rainfall, huge Douglas firs rise in towering columns.These forest giants often grow to be as much as 300 feet(90m) tall, with diameters up to 10 feet(3m).More lumber is produced from these trees than from any other kind of tree in North America.Hemlock, red cedar, and balsam fir are among the other trees found in British Columbia.

英属哥伦比亚

英属哥伦比亚是加拿大的第三大省，无论是面积还是人口都是如此。它几乎是德克萨斯的1.5倍，从美国边境一直向北延伸了800英里(1，280 公里)。它包括了加拿大整个西海岸及附近岛屿。大部分英属哥伦比亚多山峦。绵长而粗犷的山脉贯通南北。甚至那些

沿海的岛屿都是那些存在于千万年前的山脉的遗迹。在上一个冰河时期，这些山脉被冰河冲刷侵蚀，直到大部分山脉被淹没在海中。

它们的峰顶显现为沿着海岸散布的岛屿。西南海岸地区有着潮湿温和的海洋性气候。从太平洋来的温暖的洋流使得从西吹过内陆的海风变得温暖。

因此这儿冬天平均气温在零上而且夏天也不会酷热。这些温暖的西风同样也从海洋带来了湿气。

来自太平洋的、从海岸向内陆的风遇到海岸山脉和落基山脉这些山脉屏障。当气流升高跨越这些山脉时，风的温度就降低了，风中的水分形成降雨。在一些朝西

山坡区域每年大约有200英寸(500厘米)的降水。大部分英属哥伦比亚密布着森林。在有充足降水的斜坡，巨大的道格拉斯枞树高耸入云。这些森林巨人常常长到高达300英尺(90米)，直径粗达10英尺(3米)。这些树产出了比北美其他任何树都多的木材。铁杉、红香

椿、香脂冷杉枞都是发现于英属哥伦比亚的其它树种。

新东方优美背诵短文50篇 Unit30:The origin of Refrigerators 30 The origin of Refrigerators By the mid-nineteenth century, the term “icebox” had entered the American language, but ice was still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States.The ice trade grew with the growth of cities.Ice was used in hotels, taverns, and hospitals, and by some forward-looking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter.After the Civil War( 1861-1865),as ice was used to refrigerate freight cars, it also came into household use.Even before 1880,half of the ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and one-third of that sold in Boston and Chicago, went to families for their own use.This had become poible because a new household convenience, the icebox, a precursor of the modern refrigerator, had been invented.Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose.In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of heat, which was eential to a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary.The commonsense notion that the best icebox was one that prevented the ice from melting was of course mistaken, for it was the melting of the ice that performed the cooling.Neverthele, early efforts to economize ice included wrapping up the ice in blankets, which kept the ice from doing its job.Not until near the end of the nineteenth century did inventors achieve the delicate balance of insulation and circulation needed for an efficient icebox.But as early as 1803, and ingenious Maryland farmer, Thomas Moore, had been on the right track.He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, for which the village of Georgetown was the market center.When he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter to market, he found that customers? would pa up the rapidly melting stuff in the tubs of his competitors to pay a premium price for his butter, still fresh and hard in neat, one-pound bricks.One advantage of his icebox, Moore explained, was that farmers would no longer have to travel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool.

冰箱的由来

直到19世纪中期，\"冰箱\"这个名词才进入了美国语言，但冰仅仅只是开始影响美国普通市民的饮食。冰的买卖随着城市的发展而发展。

冰被用在旅馆、酒馆、医院以及被一些有眼光的城市商人用于肉、鱼和黄油的保鲜。内战(1861-1865)之后，冰被用于冷藏货车，同时也进入了民用。

甚至在1880年前，半数在纽约、费城和巴尔的摩销售的冰，三分之一

在波士顿和芝加哥销售的冰进入家庭使用，因为一种新的家庭设备，冰箱，即现代冰箱的前身，被发明了。制造一台有效率的冰箱不像我们想象的那么简单。

19世纪早期，关于对冷藏科学至关重要的热物理知识是很浅陋的。认为最好的冰箱应该防止冰的融化这样一个

普遍的观点显然是错误的，因为正是冰的融化起了制冷作用。早期为节省冰的努力，包括用毯子把冰包起来，使得冰不能发挥它的作用。直到近19 世纪末，发明家们才成功地找到有效率的冰箱所需要的精确的隔热和循环的精确平衡。但早在1803年，一位有发明天才的

马里兰农场主，托马斯?莫尔，找到了正确方法。他拥有一个农场，离华盛顿约20英里，那里的乔治镇村庄是集市中心。

当他用自己设计的冰箱运送黄油去市场时，他发现顾客们会走过装在竞争者桶里那些迅速融化的黄油而给他比市价更高的价格买他仍然新鲜坚硬，整

齐地切成一磅一块的黄油。莫尔说他的冰箱的一个好处是使得农民们不必在夜里上路去市场以保持他们产品的低温。

? 新东方优美背诵短文50篇 Unit29:Telecommuting 29 Telecommuting Telecommuting-- substituting the computer for the trip to the job ----has been hailed as a solution to all kinds of problems related to office work.For workers it promises freedom from the office, le time wasted in traffic, and help with child-care conflicts.For management, telecommuting helps keep high performers on board, minimizes tardine and absenteeism by eliminating commutes, allows periods of solitude for high-concentration tasks, and provides scheduling flexibility.In some areas, such as Southern California and Seattle, Washington, local governments are encouraging companies to start telecommuting programs in order to reduce rush-hour congestion and improve air quality.But these benefits do not come easily.Making a telecommuting program work requires careful planning and an understanding of the differences between telecommuting realities and popular images.Many workers are seduced by rosy illusions of life as a telecommuter.A computer programmer from New York City moves to the tranquil Adirondack Mountains and stays in contact with her office via computer.A manager comes in to his office three days a week and works at home the other two.An accountant stays home to care for her sick child; she hooks up her telephone modern connections and does office work between calls to the doctor.These are powerful images, but they are a limited reflection of reality.Telecommuting workers soon learn that it is almost impoible to concentrate on work and care for a young child at the same time.Before a certain age, young children cannot recognize, much le respect, the neceary boundaries between work and family.Additional child support is neceary if the parent is to get any work done.Management too must separate the myth from the reality.Although the media has paid a great deal of attention to telecommuting in most cases it is the employee’s situation, not the availability of technology that precipitates a telecommuting arrangement.That is partly why, despite the widespread pre coverage, the number of companies with work-at-home programs or policy guidelines remains small.

电子交通

电子交通--用电脑取代上班的往返--作为对各种各样的办公室工作问题的解决办法已受到了欢迎。

对工作者来说，它承诺不受办公室的约束，更少的时间浪费在交通上和有助于解决照看小孩的矛盾。

对管理者来说，电子交通有助于挽留高效率的工作者，通过省去办公室与家之间的来回往返，大大减少工作拖拉和旷工，给予管理者独处的时间来完成需要高

度集中精神的任务，为管理者提供灵活的时间安排。在一些地区，如南加利福尼亚和西雅图、华盛顿，地方政府鼓励公司开始电子交通计划以减少交通高峰时的塞车和提高空气质量。但这些益处也来之不易。

要使电子交通成功需要仔细的计划并且理解电子交通的现实状况和流行的想象之间的区别。许多工作者被电子交通的美好幻想所迷惑。一位电脑程序设计

员从纽约市搬到了宁静的阿第伦达克山，用电脑保持与她办公室之间的联系。一位经理一周三天到办公室，其他两天在家工作；一位会计师在家照顾她生病的孩子，接通电话调制解调器的接头，在同医生通话之余完成办公室工作。

这些是很有震撼力的情景，但也是对现实有限的反映。电子交通者很快发现在同一时间专注工作和照看小孩几乎是不可能的。在

某个年龄之前，小孩子不可能意识到，更不可能尊重工作与家庭之间的界限。如果家长要完成工作，就必须另外照看小孩。管理阶层必须把现实同神话分开。

虽然传媒对电子交通投入了极大的关注，但在很大程度上，是员工的实际情况而不是技术的可能性促成电子交通的安排。

这就是为什么尽管有广泛的报导，具有在家工作项目或行动纲领的公司数目依然很少的部分原因。 ? 28.Changing Roles of Public Education One of the most important social developments that helped to make poible a shift in thinking about the role of public education was the effect of the baby boom of the 1950\'s and 1960\'s on the schools.In the 1920\'s, but especially in the Depreion conditions of the 1930\'s, the United States experienced a declining birth rate --- every thousand women aged fifteen to forty-four gave birth to about 118 live children in 1920, 89.2 in 1930, 75.8 in 1936, and 80 in 1940.With the growing prosperity brought on by the Second World War and the economic boom that followed it young people married and established households earlier and began to raise larger families than had their predeceors during the Depreion.Birth rates rose to 102 per thousand in 1946,106.2 in 1950, and 118 in 1955.Although economics was probably the most important determinant, it is not the only explanation for the baby boom.The increased value placed on the idea of the family also helps to explain this rise in birth rates.The baby boomers began streaming into the first grade by the mid 1940\'s and became a flood by 1950.The public school system suddenly found itself overtaxed.While the number of schoolchildren rose because of wartime and postwar conditions, these same conditions made the schools even le prepared to cope with the food.The wartime economy meant that few new schools were built between 1940 and 1945.Moreover, during the war and in the boom times that followed, large numbers of teachers left their profeion for better-paying jobs elsewhere in the economy.Therefore in the 1950’s and 1960’s, the baby boom hit an antiquated and inadequate school system.Consequently, the “ custodial rhetoric” of the 1930’s and early 1940’s no longer made sense that is, keeping youths aged sixteen and older out of the labor market by keeping them in school could no longer be a high priority for an institution unable to find space and staff to teach younger children aged five to sixteen.With the baby boom, the focus of educators and of laymen interested in education inevitably turned toward the lower grades and back to basic academic skills and discipline.The system no longer had much interest in offering nontraditional, new, and extra services to older youths.

公共教育的角色变化一项重要的、有可能促使人们对公共教育的角色的看法发生转变的社会发展是本世纪五

六十年代的生育高峰对学校的影响。在20年代，尤其是在30年代后的大萧条中，美国经历了一次出生率的下降--1920年每千名年龄在15 岁至45岁的妇女生下大约118个存活婴儿，

1930年89.2个，1936年75.8个，1940年80个。随着二战带来的持续繁荣以及随之而来的经济增长，年轻人比大萧条中的同龄人更早地结婚成家，而且比前辈养育更大的家庭。 1946年出生率上升到102%，1950年达106%，1955年达118%。对于生育高峰，经济有可能是最重要的决定因素，但它并不是唯一的解释。不断受到重视的家庭观念也有助于解释出生率的上升。到40 年代中期为止，这些生育高峰出生的孩子们开始源源不断地进入小学一年级。到了1950年，就形成了一股洪流。公共教育系统突然感到不堪重负了。

由于战时和战后的状况，使得学龄儿童人数增加，这些状况使得学校面对这股洪流更加措手不及。战时经济意味着在1940年到1950 年间几乎没有建立新学校。而且，在战时和随后的经济增长时期，大量的教师离开岗位去别处从事报酬更为优厚的工作。因此，在五六十年代，

生育高峰冲击着陈旧而不完备的学校体系。这样一来，30年代以及40年代早期，\"监护理论\"就不再有意义了。也就是说，通过使16 岁以上的年轻人留在学校不进入劳动力市场的做法再也不是教育机构的优先考虑了。因为教育机构不再能找到场地和教师来教育那些更小的5-16 岁的孩子。随着生育高峰，教育者和圈外人士对教育的兴趣和焦点，不可避免地转向了更低的年级和基础的学术技能和学科上。

这个系统不再有浓厚的兴趣给较年长的年轻人提供非传统的新式的和额外的服务。 ? ? 新东方优美背诵短文50篇 Unit27:Scientific Theories 27.Scientific Theories In science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events that are related.A theory often involves an imaginary model that helps scientists picture the way an observed event could be produced.A good example of this is found in the kinetic molecular theory, in which gases are pictured as being made up of many small particles that are in constant motion.A useful theory, in addition to explaining past observations, helps to predict events that have not as yet been observed.After a theory has been publicized, scientists design experiments to test the theory.If observations confirm the scientist’s predictions, the theory is supported.If observations do not confirm the predictions, the scientists must search further.There may be a fault in the experiment, or the theory may have to be revised or rejected.Science involves imagination and creative thinking as well as collecting information and performing experiments.Facts by themselves are not science.As the mathematician Jules Henri Poincare said, “Science is built with facts just as a house is built with bricks, but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks can be called a house.”

Most scientists start an investigation by finding out what other scientists have learned about a particular problem.After known facts have been gathered, the scientist comes to the part of the investigation that requires considerable imagination.Poible solutions to the problem are formulated.These poible solutions are called hypotheses.In a way, any hypothesis is a leap into the unknown.It extends the scientist’s thinking beyond the known facts.The scientist plans experiments, performs calculations, and makes observations to test hypotheses.Without hypothesis, further investigation lacks purpose and direction.When hypotheses are confirmed, they are incorporated into theories.

科学理论

在科学中，理论是对所观察到的相关事件的合理解释。理论通常包含一个虚构的模型，这个模型帮助科学家构想所观察到的事件是如何发生的。分子运动理论便是我们能找到的一个很好的例子。

在这个理论中，气体被描绘成由许多不断运动的小颗粒组成。一个有用的理论，除了能够解释过去的观测，还有助于预测那些未被观测到的事件。一个理论公开

后，科学家们设计实验来检验这个理论。如果观察证实了科学家的预言，这个理论则得到了验证。如果观察不能证实科学家的预言，科学家就必须进一步的研究。

或许是实验存在错误，或许是这个理论必须被修改或抛弃。科学家除了收集信息和操作实验外还需要想象能力和创/造性思维。事实本身并不是科学。

正如数学家乔斯?亨利?波恩克尔所说：\"科学建立在事实之上，就像房子用砖砌成一样。但事实的收集不能被称作科学，就像一堆砖不能被叫作房子一样。

\"多数科学家通过找出别的科学家在一个特定问题上的所知来开始研究。在收集了已知事实之后，科学家开始了研究中需要相当想像力的部分。他们尔后拟订

对这个问题的可行的解决方法。这些可行的解决方式被称为假设。在某种意义上，任何假设都是向未知的跳跃。它使科学家的思维超越已知事实。科学家计划实验、计算、观测以检验假定。若没有假设，进一步的研究便缺乏目的和方向。当假设被证实了，就成为理论的一部分。 ? 新东方优美背诵短文50篇 Unit26:International Busine and Cro-cultural Communication 26.International Busine and Cro-cultural Communication The increase in international busine and in foreign investment has created a need for executives with knowledge of foreign languages and skills in cro-cultural communication.Americans, however, have not been well trained in either area and, consequently, have not enjoyed the same level of succe in negotiation in an international arena as have their foreign counterparts.Negotiating is the proce of communicating back and forth for the purpose of reaching an agreement.It involves persuasion and compromise, but in order to participate in either one, the negotiators must understand the ways in which people are persuaded and how compromise is reached within the culture of the negotiation.In many international busine negotiations abroad, Americans are perceived as wealthy and impersonal.It often appears to the foreign negotiator that the American represents a large multi-million-dollar corporation that can afford to pay the price without bargaining further.The American negotiator’s role becomes that of an impersonal purveyor of information and cash.In studies of American negotiators abroad, several traits have been identified that may serve to confirm this stereotypical perception, while undermining the negotiator’s position.Two traits in particular that cause cro-cultural misunderstanding are directne and impatience on the part of the American negotiator.Furthermore, American negotiators often insist on realizing short-term goals.Foreign negotiators, on the other hand, may value the relationship established between negotiators and may be willing to invest time in it for long-term benefits.In order to solidify the relationship, they may opt for indirect interactions without regard for the time involved in getting to know the other negotiator.

国际商业和跨文化交流国际贸易和海外投资的增加产生了对具有外语知识和跨文化交流技巧的经理的需求。

然而，美国人在这两方面未得到良好的训练，因此没有在国际谈判中象他们的外国对手一样成功。谈判是为了达成协议而反复交流的过程。它包括说服和妥协。

但是为了去进行说服和妥协，谈判者必须懂得在谈判的文化中怎样说服人和怎样达成妥协。在国外的国际商务谈判中，美国人被视为富有和不带个人情感。

在外国谈判者看来，似乎美国人代表着一个庞大的拥有数百万资财的大企业，不用进一步地讨价还价就能出得起价钱。

美国谈判者的角色变成了一个没有个人感情的信息及现金的供应者。对在国外的美国谈判者的研究中，我们找出了损害谈判者能力的几个特点，或许证实这个已成定式的看法。尤其引起跨文化误解的两个特点是美国谈判者的直截了当和缺乏耐心。

此外，美国谈判者经常坚持实现短期目标，而外国的谈判者会珍视建立谈判者之间的联系并愿意为长期利益投入时间。

为了巩固这种联系，他们会选择非直接的交流而不计较投入用于了解对方的时间。明显地，价值观的不同和理解上的差异影响了谈判的结果和谈判者的成功与否。

美国人要在国际商务谈判中扮演更为有效的角色，他们就必须投入更多的努力提高跨文化的理解力。 ? 新东方优美背诵短文50篇 Unit25: Movie Music 25.Movie Music Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”, the film has never been, in the full sense of the word, silent.From the very beginning, music was regarded as an indispensable accompaniment; when the Lumiere films were shown at the first public film exhibition in the United States in February 1896, they were accompanied by piano improvisations on popular tunes.At first, the music played bore no special relationship to the films; an accompaniment of any kind was sufficient.Within a very short time, however, the incongruity of playing lively music to a solemn film became apparent, and film pianists began to take some care in matching their pieces to the mood of the film.As movie theaters grew in number and importance, a violinist, and perhaps a cellist, would be added to the pianist in certain cases, and in the larger movie theaters small orchestras were formed.For a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra, and very often the principal qualification for holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces.Since the conductor seldom saw the films until the night before they were to be shown(if indeed, the conductor was lucky enough to see them then), the musical arrangement was normally improvised in the greatest hurry.To help meet this difficulty, film distributing companies started the practice of publishing suggestions for musical accompaniments.In 1909, for example, the Edison Company began iuing with their films such indications of mood as “ pleasant”, “sad”, “lively”.The suggestions became more explicit, and so emerged the musical cue sheet containing indications of mood, the titles of suitable pieces of music, and precise directions to show where one piece led into the next.Certain films had music especially composed for them.The most famous of these early special scores was that composed and arranged for D.W Griffith’s film Birth of a Nation, which was released in 1915.

电影插曲

尽管我们习惯于将1927年以前的电影称为\"无声电影\"，但是就无声这个词完整的意义

上来说，电影从未真正的无声过，从最初开始音乐就被视为必不可少的伴奏。当卢米埃尔的电影在1896年2 月美国首届影片公映展览上放映的时候，影片便用当时的流行曲临场钢琴伴奏。最初，这些音乐伴奏与电影没有什么特别的关系，用什么曲子伴奏都行。但在很

短的时间内，为一部庄重的影片演奏快活的音乐所产生的不协调感变得显而易见，因此钢琴家们开始注意将自己的作品与影片的情调结合起来。

随着影剧院在数量上与重要性上的不断增长，在一些场合，除了钢琴师外，还要加上小提琴师，或许还有一位大提琴师。较大

的影剧院里还组成了小型的管弦乐队。在很长的时间内，为各部影片选择配乐完全掌握在乐队指挥或队长手中，而通常把持这种职位的资格不是技巧或鉴赏品味，而是拥有一个大的音乐作品的个人收藏。

因为直到电影上映的前一天晚上乐队指挥才能看到影片(如果这个指挥真正有幸能够看到影片的话)，音乐安排通常是在非常匆忙的情况下临场进行的。为了解

决以上的困难，电影发行公司开办了为音乐伴奏印制提示单的业务。例如1909年爱迪生公司开始将一些诸如\"喜悦的\"、\"悲伤的\"、\"活泼的\"之类表明影片情调特征的提示与影片一起发行。

这些提示逐渐变得更加具体，并且出现了包括影片情调说明、适用乐曲名称和乐曲转换点等内容的配乐说明单。某些影片拥有专门为其创作的音乐。

这些早期特创乐谱中最著名的便是为D.W.格雷夫斯1915年上映的影片《一个国家的诞生》所创作的音乐。 Note: 美国通俗音乐分类： 1．Jazz; ? 1) traditional jazz---- a) blues, 代表人物：Billy Holiday ?? b)ragtime(切分乐曲): 代表人物：Scott Joplin ?? c)New Orleans jazz (= Dixieland jazz)? eg: Louis Armstron ?? d)swing??? eg: Glenn Miller, Duke Ellington,? etc. e)bop (=bebop, rebop)? eg: Lester Young, Charlie Parker etc.? 2)modern jazz ------? a) cool jazz(=progreive jazz)高雅爵士乐。 Eg: Kenny G.?? ??? b)third-stream jazz.? Eg: Charles Mingus, John Lewis.??? c) main stream jazz.??? d)avant-garde jazz.??? e) soul jazz.Eg: Sarah Vaughn, Ella Fitzgerald ??? f) Latin jazz.2.gospel music 福音音乐，主要源于Nero spirituals.Eg.Dolly Parker, Mahalia Jackson 3.Country and Western music.Eg.John Denver, Tammy Wynette, Kenny Rogers, etc.4.Rock music-----------a) rock and roll? eg: Elvis Prestley(US) , the Beatles(UK.) ?? b)folk rock Eg: Bob Dylon, Michael Jackson, Mariah Carey, Bruce Springsteen, Lionel Riche etc. c)punk rock d)acid rock ?? e)rock jazz eg: M.J.McLaughlin ?? f) Juraic rock 5.Music for easy listening (i.e.light music ) 新东方优美背诵短文50篇 Unit23:Ford 23 Ford Although Henry Ford’s name is closely aociated with the concept of ma production, he should receive equal credit for introducing labor practices as early as 1913 that would be considered advanced even by today’s standards.Safety measures were improved, and the work day was reduced to eight hours, compared with the ten-or twelve-hour day common at the time.In order to accommodate the shorter work day, the entire factory was converted from two to three shifts.In addition, sick leaves as well as improved medical care for those injured on the job were instituted.The Ford Motor Company was one of the first factories to develop a technical school to train specialized skilled laborers and an English language school for immigrants.Some efforts were even made to hire the handicapped and provide jobs for former convicts.The most widely acclaimed innovation was the five-dollar-a-day minimum wage that was offered in order to recruit and retain the best mechanics and to discourage the growth of labor unions.Ford explained the new wage policy in terms of efficiency and profit sharing.He also mentioned the fact that his employees would be able to purchase the automobiles that they produced – in effect creating a market for the product.In order to qualify for the minimum wage, an employee had to establish a decent home and demonstrate good personal habits, including sobriety, thriftine, industriousne, and dependability.Although some criticism was directed at Ford for involving himself too much in the personal lives of his employees, there can be no doubt that, at a time when immigrants were being taken advantage of in frightful ways, Henry Ford was helping many people to establish themselves in America.23亨利?福特

尽管亨利?福特的名字和大生产的概念相连，但他在劳工保护上得到同样的赞誉，因为他早在1913年便实行了用今天的标准来衡量依然是先进的标准。安全措施得到改进，日工作时间从当时普遍的10或12小时减少到8小时。

为了适应更短的日工作时间，整个工厂从双班变成了三班。而且，病假和改善了的工伤医疗得以制度化。福特汽车公司是最早建

立技术学校来培训专门技工和为移民开设英语学校的工厂之一。公司甚至为雇佣残疾人和有前科的人而作出了一些努力。最受广泛称赞的革新是实行五美元一天的最低工资。其目的是招收和留住那些最好的技工并阻碍工会的发展。

福特从效率和利润分享的角度来解释这项新的工资政策。他也提到这样一个事实，他的员工可以买他们生产的汽车--这实际上是为其产品另开辟了一个市场。

为了够资格得到最低工资，员工必须建立一个得体的家庭并显示出良好的个人习惯，包括节制、俭省、勤勉和可靠。虽然有人批评福特过多地干涉

了员工的私人生活，但毫无疑问，在移民们被用恶劣的方式剥削的时代，亨利?福特却帮助了许多人在美国扎下根来。

新东方优美背诵短文50篇 Unit22:Collectibles 22 Collectibles Collectibles have been a part of almost every culture since ancient times.Whereas some objects have been collected for their usefulne, others have been selected for their aesthetic beauty alone.In the United States, the kinds of collectibles currently popular range from traditional objects such as stamps, coins, rare books, and art to more recent items of interest like dolls, bottles, baseball cards, and comic books.Interest in collectibles has increased enormously during the past decade, in part because some collectibles have demonstrated their value as investments.Especially during cycles of high inflation, investors try to purchase tangibles that will at least retain their current market values.In general, the most traditional collectibles will be sought because they have preserved their value over the years, there is an organized auction market for them, and they are most easily sold in the event that cash is needed.Some examples of the most stable collectibles are old masters, Chinese ceramics, stamps, coins, rare books, antique jewelry, silver, porcelain, art by well-known artists, autographs, and period furniture.Other items of more recent interest include old photograph records, old magazines, post cards, baseball cards, art gla, dolls, claic cars, old bottles, and comic books.These relatively new kinds of collectibles may actually appreciate faster as short-term investments, but may not hold their value as long-term investments.Once a collectible has had its initial play, it appreciates at a fairly steady rate, supported by an increasing number of enthusiastic collectors competing for the limited supply of collectibles that become increasingly more difficult to locate.23亨利?福特

为了适应更短的日工作时间，整个工厂从双班变成了三班。而且，病假和改善了的工伤医疗得以制度化。福特汽车公司是最早建

为了够资格得到最低工资，员工必须建立一个得体的家庭并显示出良好的个人习惯，包括节制、俭省、勤勉和可靠。虽然有人批评福特过多地干涉

了员工的私人生活，但毫无疑问，在移民们被用恶劣的方式剥削的时代，亨利?福特却帮助了许多人在美国扎下根来。

新东方优美背诵短文50篇 Unit21:The Origin of Sports 21 The Origin of Sports When did sport begin? If sport is, in eence, play, the claim might be made that sport is much older than humankind, for , as we all have observed, the beasts play.Dogs and cats wrestle and play ball games.Fishes and birds dance.The apes have simple, pleasurable games.Frolicking infants, school children playing tag, and adult arm wrestlers are demonstrating strong, transgenerational and tranpecies bonds with the universe of animals – past, present, and future.Young animals, particularly, tumble, chase, run wrestle, mock, imitate, and laugh (or so it seems) to the point of delighted exhaustion.Their play, and ours, appears to serve no other purpose than to give pleasure to the players, and apparently, to remove us temporarily from the anguish of life in earnest.Some philosophers have claimed that our playfulne is the most noble part of our basic nature.In their generous conceptions, play harmlely and experimentally permits us to put our creative forces, fantasy, and imagination into action.Play is release from the tedious battles against scarcity and decline which are the inceant, and inevitable, tragedies of life.This is a grand conception that excites and provokes.The holders of this view claim that the origins of our highest accomplishments ---- liturgy, literature, and law ---- can be traced to a play impulse which, paradoxically, we see most purely enjoyed by young beasts and children.Our sports, in this rather happy, nonfatalistic view of human nature, are more splendid creations of the nondatable, tranpecies play impulse.21体育的起源

体育运动开始于何时?如果体育运动的本质就是游戏的话，我们就可以宣称体育运动比人类古老，因为正如我们所观察到的，野兽也进行嬉戏。狗和猫会扭抱玩球，鱼和鸟翩翩起舞，猿类会进行一些简单的、愉快的游戏。

雀跃的幼儿，捉迷藏的学童和成年摔跤者展示出人与动物界的有力的跨越世代与物种的永恒的联系--特别是幼兽，它们翻筋斗、追逐、

奔跑、扭打、模仿、嬉笑(或者看起来是)，直到愉快地精疲力尽。他们的玩耍，同我们的一样，似乎并没有别的目的而只是给游戏者以愉悦，暂时把我们从严肃生活的痛苦中拉出来。一些哲学家称我们的嬉戏是我们本质中最崇高的部分。

依他们这些随意性很大的见解，游戏无害而且实验性地允许我们的创造力、幻想和想象发挥作用。游戏让人们从永不间断亦

不可避免的生活悲剧-与乏匮和衰退进行的枯燥抗争中得到一种解脱。这是一个令人兴奋、给人启发的伟大见解。

这种见解的持有者宣称，我们的最高成就如宗教典礼、文学、法律的起源可以追溯到游戏的冲动。但令人不解的是我们看到只有幼兽和小孩子才最纯粹地享

受着这种冲动。从这种比较豁达和非宿命的人性观来看，我们的运动是超时代、跨物种的辉煌的创造。 ? ? 新东方优美背诵短文50篇 Unit20:The History Significance of American Revolution 20 The Historical Significance of American Revolution The ways of history are so intricate and the motivations of human actions so complex that it is always hazardous to attempt to represent events covering a number of years, a multiplicity of persons, and distant localities as the expreion of one intellectual or social movement; yet the historical proce which culminated in the ascent of Thomas Jefferson to the presidency can be regarded as the outstanding example not only of the birth of a new way of life but of nationalism as a new way of life.The American Revolution represents the link between the seventeenth century, in which modern England became conscious of itself, and the awakening of modern Europe at the end of the eighteenth century.It may seem strange that the march of history should have had to cro the Atlantic Ocean, but only in the North American colonies could a struggle for civic liberty lead also to the foundation of a new nation.Here, in the popular rising against a “tyrannical” government, the fruits were more than the securing of a freer constitution.They included the growth of a nation born in liberty by the will of the people, not from the roots of common descent, a geographic entity, or the ambitions of king or dynasty.With the American nation, for the first time, a nation was born, not in the dim past of history but before the eyes of the whole world.

20美国革命的历史意义

历史的进程是如此错综复杂，人类行为的动机是如此令人费解，以至于想把那些时间跨度大，涉及人数多，空间范围广的事件描述成为一个智者或一场社会运动的表现的企图是危险的。

然而以托马斯?杰弗逊登上总统宝座为高潮的那一段历史过程可以被视为一个特殊的例子。在这段历史时期里不仅诞生了新的生活方式，而且民族主义成为了一种新的生活方式。美国独立战争成为联结17世纪现代英格兰的自我意识和18 世纪末现代欧洲的觉醒的纽带。历史的行程需要跨越大西洋，这看起来似乎有些奇怪，但却只有在北美殖民地为民权和自由的斗争才能导致新国家的建立。

这里，反对\"暴政\"的民众起义的成果不仅是获得一个包含更多自由的宪法，还包括了一个依照人民的意愿诞生在自由中的国家的成长。这

个国家不是基于血缘、地理、君主或王朝的野心。由于有了美国，第一次一个国家的诞生不是发生在历史模糊的过去，而是在全世界人们的眼前。 ? ? 新东方优美背诵短文50篇 Unit19:Children s Numerical Skills 19 children’s numerical skills people appear to born to compute.The numerical skills of children develop so early and so inexorably that it is easy to imagine an internal clock of mathematical maturity guiding their growth.Not long after learning to walk and talk, they can set the table with impre accuracy---one knife, one spoon, one fork, for each of the five chairs.Soon they are capable of nothing that they have placed five knives, spoons and forks on the table and, a bit later, that this amounts to fifteen pieces of silverware.Having thus mastered addition, they move on to subtraction.It seems almost reasonable to expect that if a child were secluded on a desert island at birth and retrieved seven years later, he or she could enter a second enter a second-grade mathematics cla without any serious problems of intellectual adjustment.Of course, the truth is not so simple.This century, the work of cognitive psychologists has illuminated the subtle forms of daily learning on which intellectual progre depends.Children were observed as they slowly grasped-----or, as the case might be, bumped into-----concepts that adults take for quantity is unchanged as water pours from a short gla into a tall thin one.Psychologists have since demonstrated that young children, asked to count the pencils in a pile, readily report the number of blue or red pencils, but must be coaxed into finding the total.Such studies have suggested that the rudiments of mathematics are mastered gradually, and with effort.They have also suggested that the very concept of abstract numbers------the idea of a onene, a twone, a threene that applies to any cla of objects and is a prerequisite for doing anything more mathematically demanding than setting a table-----is itself far from innate 19儿童的数学能力

人似乎生来就会计算。孩子们使用数字的技能发展得如此之早和如此必然，很容易让人想象有一个内在的精确而成熟的数字钟在指导他们的成长。

孩子们在学会走路和说话后不久，就能以令人惊叹的准确布置桌子--五把椅子前面分别摆上一把刀、一个汤匙、一把叉

子。很快地，他们就能知道他们已在桌面上摆放了五把刀、五个汤匙、五把叉子。没有多久，他们就又能知道这些东西加起来总共是15把银餐具。

如此这般地掌握了加法之后，他们又转向减法。有一种设想几乎顺理成章，那就是，即使一个孩子一出生就被隔绝到荒岛

上，七年后返回世间，也能直接上小学二年级的数学课，而不会碰到任何智力调整方面的大麻烦。当然，事实并没有这么简单。

本世纪认知心理学家的工作已经揭示了智力发展所依赖的日常学习的微妙形式。他们观察到孩子们缓慢掌握那些成年人认为理所当然的概念的

过程，或者是孩子们偶然遇到这些概念的过程。他们也观察到孩子们拒绝承认某些常识的情况。比如：

孩子们拒绝承认当水从短而粗的瓶中倒入细而长的瓶子中时，水的数量没有变化。心理学家们而后又展示一个例子，

即：让孩子们数一堆铅笔时，他们能顺利地报出蓝铅笔或红铅笔的数目，但却需诱导才能报出总的数目。此类研究表明：数学基础是经过逐渐努力后掌握的。

他们还表示抽象的数字概念，如可表示任何一类物品并且是在做比摆桌子有更高数学要求的任何事时都必备的

一、

二、三意识，远远不是天生就具备的。? ? 新概念优美背诵短文50篇 Unit18:Modern American Universities 18.Modern American Universities Before the 1850’s, the United States had a number of small colleges, most of them dating from colonial days.They were small, church connected institutions whose primary concern was to shape the moral character of their students.Throughout Europe, institutions of higher learning had developed, bearing the ancient name of university.In German university was concerned primarily with creating and spreading knowledge, not morals.Between mid-century and the end of the 1800’s, more than nine thousand young Americans, diatisfied with their training at home, went to Germany for advanced study.Some of them return to become presidents of venerable colleges-----Harvard, Yale, Columbia---and transform them into modern universities.The new presidents broke all ties with the churches and brought in a new kind of faculty.Profeors were hired for their knowledge of a subject, not because they were of the proper faith and had a strong arm for disciplining students.The new principle was that a university was to create knowledge as well as pa it on, and this called for a faculty composed of teacher-scholars.Drilling and learning by rote were replaced by the German method of lecturing, in which the profeor’s own research was presented in cla.Graduate training leading to the Ph.D., an ancient German degree signifying the highest level of advanced scholarly attainment, was introduced.With the establishment of the seminar system, graduate student learned to question, analyze, and conduct their own research.At the same time, the new university greatly expanded in size and course offerings, breaking completely out of the old, constricted curriculum of mathematics, claics, rhetoric, and music.The president of Harvard pioneered the elective system, by which students were able to choose their own course of study.The notion of major fields of study emerged.The new goal was to make the university relevant to the real pursuits of the world.Paying close heed to the practical needs of society, the new universities trained men and women to work at its tasks, with engineering students being the most characteristic of the new regime.Students were also trained as economists, architects, agriculturalists, social welfare workers, and teachers.? 18现代美国大学

19世纪50年代以前美国有一些小的学院，大多数成立于殖民时期。它们是与教会挂

钩的小机构，主要目的是培养学生的道德品行。当时在欧洲各地，高等教育机构已经发展起来，用的是一个古老的名称--大学。

德国已经发展出一种不同类型的大学。德国大学关心的主要是创造知识和传播知识，而不是道德教育。从世纪中叶到世纪末，有9000多名美国青年因不满国内所受的教育而赴德深造。他们中的一些人回国后成为一些知名学府--哈佛、耶鲁、哥伦比亚的校长并且把这些学府转变成了现代意义的大学。

新校长们断绝了和教会的关系，聘请了新型的教职员，聘用教授根据的是他们在学科方面的知识，而不是正确的信仰和约束学生的强硬手段。

新的原则是大学既要传播知识也要创造知识。这就需要由学者型老师组成教工队伍。靠死记硬背和做练习来学习的方法变为德国式的讲解方法。德

国式的讲解就是由教授讲授自己的研究课题。通过研究生性质的学习可以获得表明最高学术造诣的古老的德国学位--博士学位。

随着讨论课制度的建立，研究生们学会了提问、分析以及开展他们自己的研究。同时，新式大学学校规模和课程设置完全突破了过去那种只有数学、经典著作、美学和音乐的狭窄课程表。哈佛大学的校长率先推出选课制度，这样学生们就能选择自己的专业。主修领域的概念也出现了。新的目标是使大学对实际社会更有用。

密切关注着社会上的实际需求，新的大学着意培养学生解决问题的能力。工程系学生

成为新式教育体制下最典型的学生。学生们还被培训成为经济学家、建筑师、农学家、社会工作人员以及教师。 ? ? 新概念优美背诵短文50篇 Unit17:Evolution of Sleep 17.Evolution of sleep Sleep is very ancient.In the electroencephalographic sense we share it with all the primates and almost all the other mammals and birds: it may extend back as far as the reptiles.There is some evidence that the two types of sleep, dreaming and dreamle, depend on the life-style of the animal, and that predators are statistically much more likely to dream than prey, which are in turn much more likely to experience dreamle sleep.In dream sleep, the animal is powerfully immobilized and remarkably unresponsive to external stimuli.Dreamle sleep is much shallower, and we have all witneed cats or dogs cocking their ears to a sound when apparently fast asleep.The fact that deep dream sleep is rare among pray today seems clearly to be a product of natural selection, and it makes sense that today, when sleep is highly evolved, the stupid animals are le frequently immobilized by deep sleep than the smart ones.But why should they sleep deeply at all? Why should a state of such deep immobilization ever have evolved? Perhaps one useful hint about the original function of sleep is to be found in the fact that dolphins and whales and aquatic mammals in genera seem to sleep very little.There is, by and large, no place to hide in the ocean.Could it be that, rather than increasing an animal’s vulnerability, the University of Florida and Ray Meddis of London University have suggested this to be the case.It is conceivable that animals who are too stupid to be quite on their own initiative are, during periods of high risk, immobilized by the implacable arm of sleep.The point seems particularly clear for the young of predatory animals.This is an interesting notion and probably at least partly true. ? 新概念优美背诵短文50篇 Unit16:The War between Britain and France 16.the war between Britain and France In the late eighteenth century, battles raged in almost every corner of Europe, as well as in the Middle East, south Africa ,the West Indies, and Latin America.In reality, however, there was only one major war during this time, the war between Britain and France.All other battles were ancillary to this larger conflict, and were often at least partially related to its antagonist’ goals and strategies.France sought total domination of Europe .this goal was obstructed by British independence and Britain’s efforts throughout the continent to thwart Napoleon; through treaties.Britain built coalitions (not diimilar in concept to today’s NATO) guaranteeing British participation in all major European conflicts.These two antagonists were poorly matched, insofar as they had very unequal strengths; France was predominant on land, Britain at sea.The French knew that, short of defeating the British navy, their only hope of victory was to close all the ports of Europe to British ships.Accordingly, France set out to overcome Britain by extending its military domination from Moscow t Lisbon, from Jutland to Calabria.All of this entailed tremendous risk, because France did not have the military resources to control this much territory and still protect itself and maintain order at home.French strategists calculated that a navy of 150 ships would provide the force neceary to defeat the British navy.Such a force would give France a three-to-two advantage over Britain.This advantage was deemed neceary because of Britain’s superior sea skills and technology because of Britain’s superior sea skills and technology, and also because Britain would be fighting a defensive war, allowing it to win with fewer forces.Napoleon never lost substantial impediment to his control of Europe.As his force neared that goal, Napoleon grew increasingly impatient and began planning an immediate attack. ? ? 新概念优美背诵短文50篇 Unit15:The Nobel Academy ?15 The Nobel Academy For the last 82years, Sweden\'s Nobel Academy has decided who will receive the Nobel Prize in Literature, thereby determining who will be elevated from the great and the near great to the immortal.But today the Academy is coming under heavy criticism both from the without and from within.Critics contend that the selection of the winners often has le to do with true writing ability than with the peculiar internal politics of the Academy and of Sweden itself.According to Ingmar Bjorksten , the cultural editor for one of the country\'s two major newspapers, the prize continues to represent \"what people call a very Swedish exercise: reflecting Swedish tastes.\" The Academy has defended itself against such charges of provincialism in its selection by aerting that its physical distance from the great literary capitals of the world actually serves to protect the Academy from outside influences.This may well be true, but critics respond that this very distance may also be responsible for the Academy\'s inability to perceive accurately authentic trends in the literary world.Regardle of concerns over the selection proce, however, it seems that the prize will continue to survive both as an indicator of the literature that we most highly praise, and as an elusive goal that writers seek.If for no other reason, the prize will continue to be desirable for the financial rewards that accompany it; not only is the cash prize itself considerable, but it also dramatically increases sales of an author\'s books.? 新概念优美背诵短文50篇 Unit14:A Rare Foil Record? ?14 A Rare Foil Record The preservation of embryos and juveniles is a rate occurrence in the foil record.The tiny, delicate skeletons are usually scattered by scavengers or destroyed by weathering before they can be foilized.Ichthyosaurs had a higher chance of being preserved than did terrestrial creatures because, as marine animals, they tended to live in environments le subject to erosion.Still, their foilization required a suite of factors: a slow rate of decay of soft tiues, little scavenging by other animals, a lack of swift currents and waves to jumble and carry away small bones, and fairly rapid burial.Given these factors, some areas have become a treasury of well-preserved ichthyosaur foils.The deposits at Holzmaden, Germany, present an interesting case for analysis.The ichthyosaur remains are found in black, bituminous marine shales deposited about 190 million years ago.Over the years, thousands of specimens of marine reptiles, fish and invertebrates have been recovered from these rocks.The quality of preservation is outstanding, but what is even more impreive is the number of ichthyosaur foils containing preserved embryos.Ichthyosaurs with embryos have been reported from 6 different levels of the shale in a small area around Holzmaden, suggesting that a specific site was used by large numbers of ichthyosaurs repeatedly over time.The embryos are quite advanced in their physical development; their paddles, for example, are already well formed.One specimen is even preserved in the birth canal.In addition, the shale contains the remains of many newborns that are between 20 and 30 inches long.Why are there so many pregnant females and young at Holzmaden when they are so rare elsewhere? The quality of preservation is almost unmatched and quarry operations have been carried out carefully with an awarene of the value of the foils.But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.? 新概念优美背诵短文50篇 Unit12:Museums ?12 Museums From Boston to Los Angeles, from New York City to Chicago to Dallas, museums are either planning, building, or wrapping up wholesale expansion programs.These programs already have radically altered facades and floor plans or are expected to do so in the not-too-distant future.In New York City alone, six major institutions have spread up and out into the air space and neighborhoods around them or are preparing to do so.The reasons for this confluence of activity are complex, but one factor is a consideration everywhereor selling off - works of art has taken on new importance because of the museum\'s space problems.And increasingly, curators have been forced to juggle gallery space, rotating one masterpiece into public view while another is sent to storage.Despite the clear need for additional gallery and storage space, however,\" the museum has no plan, no plan to break out of its envelope in the next fifteen years,\" according to Philadelphia Museum of Art\'s president.? 新概念优美背诵短文50篇 Unit10:Types of Speech Standard usage includes those words and expreions understood, used, and accepted by a majority of the speakers of a language in any situation regardle of the level of formality.As such, these words and expreions are well defined and listed in standard dictionaries.Colloquialisms, on the other hand, are familiar words and idioms that are understood by almost all speakers of a language and used in informal speech or writing, but not considered appropriate for more formal situations.Almost all idiomatic expreions are colloquial language.Slang, however, refers to words and expreions understood by a large number of speakers but not accepted as good, formal usage by the majority.Colloquial expreions and even slang may be found in standard dictionaries but will be so identified.Both colloquial usage and slang are more common in speech than in writing.Colloquial speech often paes into standard speech.Some slang also paes into standard speech, but other slang expreions enjoy momentary popularity followed by obscurity.In some cases, the majority never accepts certain slang phrases but neverthele retains them in their collective memories.Every generation seems to require its own set of words to describe familiar objects and events.It has been pointed out by a number of linguists that three cultural conditions are neceary for the creation of a large body of slang expreions.First, the introduction and acceptance of new objects and situations in the society; second, a diverse population with a large number of subgroups; third, aociation among the subgroups and the majority population.Finally, it is worth noting that the terms \"standard\" \"colloquial\" and \"slang\" exist only as abstract labels for scholars who study language.Only a tiny number of the speakers of any language will be aware that they are using colloquial or slang expreions.Most speakers of English will, during appropriate situations, select and use all three types of expreions. ? 新概念优美背诵短文50篇 Unit9:Suburbanization If by \"suburb\" is meant an urban margin that grows more rapidly than its already developed interior, the proce of suburbanization began during the emergence of the industrial city in the second quarter of the nineteenth century.Before that period the city was a small highly compact cluster in which people moved about on foot and goods were conveyed by horse and cart.But the early factories built in the 1840\'s were located along waterways and near railheads at the edges of cities, and housing was needed for the thousands of people drawn by the prospect of employment.In time, the factories were surrounded by proliferating mill towns of apartments and row houses that abutted the older, main cities.As a defense against this encroachment and to enlarge their tax bases, the cities appropriated their industrial neighbors.In 1854, for example, the city of Philadelphia annexed most of Philadelphia County.Similar municipal maneuvers took place in Chicago and in New York.Indeed, most great cities of the United States achieved such status only by incorporating the communities along their borders.With the acceleration of industrial growth came acute urban crowding and accompanying social stre-conditions that began to approach disastrous proportions when, in 1888, the first commercially succeful electric traction line was developed.Within a few years the horse-drawn trolleys were retired and electric streetcar networks cricroed and connected every major urban area, fostering a wave of suburbanization that transformed the compact industrial city into a dispersed metropolis.This first phase of ma-scale suburbanization was reinforced by the simultaneous emergence of the urban Middle Cla, whose desires for homeownership in neighborhoods far from the aging inner city were satisfied by the developers of single-family housing tracts.新概念优美背诵短文50篇 Unit8:American Revolution The American Revolution was not a sudden and violent overturning of the political and social framework, such as later occurred in France and Ruia, when both were already independent nations.Significant changes were ushered in, but they were not breathtaking.What happened was accelerated evolution rather than outright revolution.During the conflict itself people went on working and praying, marrying and playing.Most of them were not seriously disturbed by the actual fighting, and many of the more isolated communities scarcely knew that a war was on.America\'s War of Independence heralded the birth of three modern nations.One was Canada, which received its first large influx of English-speaking population from the thousands of loyalists who fled there from the United States.Another was Australia, which became a penal colony now that America was no longer available for prisoners and debtors.The third newcomer-the United States-based itself squarely on republican principles.Yet even the political overturn was not so revolutionary as one might suppose.In some states, notably Connecticut and Rhode Island, the war largely ratified a colonial self-rule already existing.British officials, everywhere ousted, were replaced by a home-grown governing cla, which promptly sought a local substitute for king and Parliament. ? 新概念优美背诵短文50篇 Unit7:Andrew Carnegie Andrew Carnegie, known as the King of Steel, built the steel industry in the United States, and , in the proce, became one of the wealthiest men in America.His succe resulted in part from his ability to sell the product and in part from his policy of expanding during periods of economic decline, when most of his competitors were reducing their investments.Carnegie believed that individuals should progre through hard work, but he also felt strongly that the wealthy should use their fortunes for the benefit of society.He opposed charity, preferring instead to provide educational opportunities that would allow others to help themselves.\"He who dies rich, dies disgraced,\" he often said.Among his more noteworthy contributions to society are those that bear his name, including the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh, which has a library, a museum of fine arts, and a museum of national history.He also founded a school of technology that is now part of Carnegie-Mellon University.Other philanthrophic gifts are the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace to promote understanding between nations, the Carnegie Institute of Washington to fund scientific research, and Carnegie Hall to provide a center for the arts.Few Americans have been left untouched by Andrew Carnegie\'s generosity.His contributions of more than five million dollars established 2,500 libraries in small communities throughout the country and formed the nucleus of the public library system that we all enjoy today ? ? 新概念优美背诵短文50篇 Unit6:Television Television-----the most pervasive and persuasive of modern technologies, marked by rapid change and growth-is moving into a new era, an era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility, which promises to reshape our lives and our world.It is an electronic revolution of sorts, made poible by the marriage of television and computer technologies.The word \"television\", derived from its Greek (tele: distant) and Latin (visi sight) roots, can literally be interpreted as sight from a distance.Very simply put, it works in this way: through a sophisticated system of electronics, television provides the capability of converting an image (focused on a special photoconductive plate within a camera) into electronic impulses, which can be sent through a wire or cable.These impulses, when fed into a receiver (television set), can then be electronically reconstituted into that same image.Television is more than just an electronic system, however.It is a means of expreion, as well as a vehicle for communication, and as such becomes a powerful tool for reaching other human beings.The field of television can be divided into two categories determined by its means of transmiion.First, there is broadcast television, which reaches the maes through broad-based airwave transmiion of television signals.Second, there is nonbroadcast television, which provides for the needs of individuals or specific interest groups through controlled transmiion techniques.Traditionally, television has been a medium of the maes.We are most familiar with broadcast television because it has been with us for about thirty-seven years in a form similar to what exists today.During those years, it has been controlled, for the most part, by the broadcast networks, ABC, NBC, and CBS, who have been the major purveyors of news, information, and entertainment.These giants of broadcasting have actually shaped not only television but our perception of it as well.We have come to look upon the picture tube as a source of entertainment, placing our role in this dynamic medium as the paive viewer.05 The Beginning of Drama There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece.The on most widely accepted today is based on the aumption that drama evolved from ritual.The argument for this view goes as follows.In the beginning, human beings viewed the natural forces of the world-even the seasonal changes-as unpredictable, and they sought through various means to control these unknown and feared powers.Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then retained and repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals.Eventually stories arose which explained or veiled the mysteries of the rites.As time paed some rituals were abandoned, but the stories, later called myths, persisted and provided material for art and drama.Those who believe that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rites contained the seed of theater because music, dance, masks, and costumes were almost always used, Furthermore, a suitable site had to be provided for performances and when the entire community did not participate, a clear division was usually made between the \"acting area\" and the \"auditorium.\" In addition, there were performers, and, since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually aumed that task.Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mimed the desired effect-succe in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun-as an actor might.Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from religious activities.Another theory traces the theater\'s origin from the human interest in storytelling.According to this vies tales (about the hunt, war, or other feats) are gradually elaborated, at first through the use of impersonation, action, and dialogue by a narrator and then through the aumption of each of the roles by a different person.A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or that are imitations of animal movements and sounds. ? 04 Electricity The modern age is an age of electricity.People are so used to electric lights, radio, televisions, and telephones that it is hard to imagine what life would be like without them.When there is a power failure, people grope about in flickering candlelight, cars hesitate in the streets because there are no traffic lights to guide them, and food spoils in silent refrigerators.Yet, people began to understand how electricity works only a little more than two centuries ago.Nature has apparently been experimenting in this field for million of years.Scientists are discovering more and more that the living world may hold many interesting secrets of electricity that could benefit humanity.All living cell send out tiny pulses of electricity.As the heart beats, it sends out pulses of record; they form an electrocardiogram, which a doctor can study to determine how well the heart is working.The brain, too, sends out brain waves of electricity, which can be recorded in an electroencephalogram.The electric currents generated by most living cells are extremely small – often so small that sensitive instruments are needed to record them.But in some animals, certain muscle cells have become so specialized as electrical generators that they do not work as muscle cells at all.When large numbers of these cell are linked together, the effects can be astonishing.The electric eel is an amazing storage battery.It can seed a jolt of as much as eight hundred volts of electricity through the water in which it live.( An electric house current is only one hundred twenty volts.) As many as four-fifths of all the cells in the electric eel’s body are specialized for generating electricity, and the strength of the shock it can deliver corresponds roughly to length of its body. ? 03 The Definition of “Price”

Prices determine how resources are to be used.They are also the means by which products and services that are in limited supply are rationed among buyers.The price system of the United States is a complex network composed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad of services, including labor, profeional, transportation, and public-utility services.The interrelationships of all these prices make up the “system” of prices.The price of any particular product or service is linked to a broad, complicated system of prices in which everything seems to depend more or le upon everything else.If one were to ask a group of randomly selected individuals to define “price”, many would reply that price is an amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a product or service or, in other words that price is the money values of a product or service as agreed upon in a market transaction.This definition is, of course, valid as far as it goes.For a complete understanding of a price in any particular transaction, much more than the amount of money involved must be known.Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar with not only the money amount, but with the amount and quality of the product or service to be exchanged, the time and place at which the exchange will take place and payment will be made, the form of money to be used, the credit terms and discounts that apply to the transaction, guarantees on the product or service, delivery terms, return privileges, and other factors.In other words, both buyer and seller should be fully aware of all the factors that comprise the total “package” being exchanged for the asked-for amount of money in order that they may evaluate a given price. ? 02 Schooling and Education It is commonly believed in United States that school is where people go to get an education.Neverthele, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school.The distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is important.Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling.Education knows no bounds.It can take place anywhere, whether in the shower or in the job, whether in a kitchen or on a tractor.It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of informal learning.The agents of education can range from a revered grandparent to the people debating politics on the radio, from a child to a distinguished scientist.Whereas schooling has a certain predictability, education quite often produces surprises.A chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions.People are engaged in education from infancy on.Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive term.It is a lifelong proce, a proce that starts long before the start of school, and one that should be an integral part of one’s entire life.Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized proce, whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next.Throughout a country, children arrive at school at approximately the same time, take aigned seats, are taught by an adult, use similar textbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on.The slices of reality that are to be learned, whether they are the alphabet or an understanding of the working of government, have usually been limited by the boundaries of the subject being taught.For example, high school students know that there not likely to find out in their claes the truth about political problems in their communities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with.There are definite conditions surrounding the formalized proce of schooling.01 The Language of Music A painter hangs his or her finished pictures on a wall, and everyone can see it.A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it until it is performed.Profeional singers and players have great responsibilities, for the composer is utterly dependent on them.A student of music needs as long and as arduous a training to become a performer as a medical student needs to become a doctor.Most training is concerned with technique, for musicians have to have the muscular proficiency of an athlete or a ballet dancer.Singers practice breathing every day, as their vocal chords would be inadequate without controlled muscular support.String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow to and fro with the right arm—two entirely different movements.Singers and instruments have to be able to get every note perfectly in tune.Pianists are spared this particular anxiety, for the notes are already there, waiting for them, and it is the piano tuner’s responsibility to tune the instrument for them.But they have their own difficulties; the hammers that hit the string have to be coaxed not to sound like percuion, and each overlapping tone has to sound clear.This problem of getting clear texture is one that confronts student conductors: they have to learn to know every note of the music and how it should sound, and they have to aim at controlling these sound with fanatical but selfle authority.Technique is of no use unle it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding.Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the language of music that they can enjoy performing works written in any century.

推荐第10篇：适合高中生背诵的经典英语短文

适合高中背诵的篇目

To us young people, challenge often emerges in the form of competition.In the next century, competition will not only come from other college graduates, but also from people of all ages, of all origins.With increasing international exchanges, we have to face growing-competition from the whole outside world.This is calling for a higher level of our personal development.

---Excerpt from Liu Xin\'s speech

(全国英语演讲比赛第一届冠军:刘欣,南京大学,1996年) 对于我们青年一代，挑战往往出现在竞争的形式。在未来的世纪，竞争将不仅只是其他大学毕业生，但也从所有年龄的人，所有的起源。随着国际交流，我们要面对不断增长，从整个外部世界的竞争。这是要求我们的个人发展提出了更高的水平。

---Excerpt from Li Shu\'s speech

(全国英语演讲比赛第二届冠军:李舒,四川大学,1997年) 一个中国哲学家冯友兰曾经说过中国是一个古老的国家新的生活。对我们来说，这意味着具有悠久，历史悠久，是这个国家在其现代化的进程。我感到鼓舞我每次想到它。我相信中国真的有一个光明的未来，如果它试图借此机会继续建设向世界的道路。我认为这是一个庞大的系统工程，让我可以发挥

重要作用的未来。中国需要更多更好的道路，到世界各地。我觉得需要。让我感到振奋。我准备好了。

We live at a critical juncture of our evolution because such problems as ethnic conflict and regional unrest are increasingly posing a threat to peace and happine of the whole human race.To cope with such an era and to embrace an even brighter future, we need to learn to live more harmoniously in a world community which is becoming smaller and smaller.

---Excerpt from Liang Limin\'s speech

(全国英语演讲比赛第三届冠军:梁励敏,北京外国语大学,1998年)

我们生活在一个发展的关键时刻，因为我们的种族冲突，地区动荡等问题正日益构成威胁的和平与全人类的幸福。为了应付这样一个时代，拥抱更加美好的未来，我们需要学习生活在一个世界大家庭中变得越来越小了更加和睦。

---Excerpt from Cai Li\'s speech

(全国英语演讲比赛第四届冠军:蔡力,南京大学,1999年) 发生了什么事在澳大利亚这个美丽的山谷也应该发生在我们的黄河，事实上，它正在发生。我看到农民种植对沿黄河山区树木。我看到他们爬高山上，因为在他们的肩上，他们没有播种机械上衣。我看到他们在树上的水倒入桶中，他们进行了数英里下山谷。这些农民正悄悄地滋润我们的黄河，正如河流滋养了他们。

If a person inherits his father\'s millions of dollars and leads an easy life, he is not a 2

succeful person even in material terms, because there are no difficulties involved in his achieving affluence.The term \"succe\", to be sure, will not sit still for easy definition.But as I understand it, the true meaning of succe entails a combination of both the proce and the satisfactory result of an endeavor.

---Excerpt from Chen Heng\'s speech

(全国英语演讲比赛第五届冠军:陈恒,上海外国语大学,2000年) 如果一个人继承他的父亲美元的百万家产而生活得轻松，他不是一个即使在物质上成功的人，因为有他的参与没有实现富裕的困难。所谓“成功”，可以肯定，不会坐视静态简单的定义。但据我了解，成功的真正意义两者的过程和努力的一个满意的结果。

---Excerpt from Qi Yue\'s speech

(全国英语演讲比赛第六届冠军:戚悦,北京语言文化大学,2001年) 首要的事情是让人们爱上了一见钟情的城市，吸引他们以自己独特的形象。什么样的形象北京打算为自己塑造一个一旦有机会主办2008年奥运会？这是众所周知，北京市政府已经为未来的奥运会的主题：新北京，新奥运。对我来说，2008年奥运会将与另外两种颜色，黄色和红色说明了一个伟大的绿色奥运会。

Like many young people of my age in China, I want to see my country get prosperous and enjoy respect in the international community.But it seems to me that mere patriotism is not just enough.It is vitally important that we young people do more serious thinking and broaden our minds to bigger iues.

---Excerpt from Sun Ning\'s speech

(全国英语演讲比赛第七届冠军:孙宁,北京外国语大学,2002年) 像我的许多同龄的中国年轻人，我想看看我的祖国变得繁荣，享受在国际社会的尊重。但在我看来，不只是单纯的爱国主义不够。这是非常重要的，我们年轻人做一些冷静的思考，把视野拓展到更大的问题。

The other night, as I saw the moon linger over the land and before it was sent into the invisible, my mind was filled with songs.I found myself humming softly, not to the music, but to something else, someplace else, a place remembered, a place untouched, a field of gra where no one seemed to have been except the deer.And all those unforgettable scenes strengthened the feeling that it\'s time for us to do something, for our own and our coming generation.

---Excerpt from Gu Qiubei\'s speech

(全国英语演讲比赛第八届冠军:顾秋蓓,上海外国语大学,2003年) 有一天晚上，当我看见月亮慢慢品尝前的土地和隐形传送进了，我的心中充满了歌。我发现自己轻声哼唱，而不是音乐，而是别的东西，别的地方，一个地方记住，一个地方不动，一草的田野，那里没有一个似乎已经被除鹿。而所有这些令人难忘的场景加强了感觉，它的时候了，我们要为我们自己和子孙后代的事情。

Look at us today! So many doors are open to us! I believe there have never been such abundant opportunities for self-development as we have today.The doors open to us also pose challenges.Each door is a test of our courage, ability and judgement, but with the support of my teachers, parents and friends, I believe I can meet the challenge head on. 4

---Excerpt from Hong Ye\'s speech

(全国英语演讲比赛第九届全军:洪晔,南京大学,2004年) 看看今天的我们！因此，许多门是开放给我们！我相信从来没有自我发展的机会，因为我们如此丰富的今天。开放的大门也向我们提出挑战。每门是我们的勇气，能力和判断力的考验，但与我的老师，家长和朋友的支持，我相信我能接受这个挑战头部。

习惯的力量

习惯，不管是好还是坏，都是逐渐形成的。我们越做了一件事情，我们就越倾向于喜欢做的，如果我们不继续这样做，我们觉得不舒服。这就是所谓的习惯力量，习惯的力量应该攻打。

这甚至适用于此类工作或休息的好东西。有些人形成了工作太多坏习惯，空转太多人。坏习惯一旦形成，难以摆脱。

聪明的人总是记得检查任何坏习惯。他警告自己：“我现在已经成为闲置”或“我喜欢太多糖果”或“我抽烟太多。”然后说：“我会得到这个坏习惯，自己去一次。”

取得成功之路

很多人说，他们欠一大部分用于某些良好习惯的培养在早期的生活。在形成良好的习惯，我认为我们应该注意的四件事情，就是诚实，勤劳，热情，节俭。

“诚实是最好的政策。”这是一个俗语，我们必须注意。在社会上有这么多的诱惑，通过一个小疏忽，我们可能会误入歧途。但是，当我们是诚实的，人们不会对我们是不诚实的。

行业让每个男人和女人，每一个男孩和女孩，适当的工作要做。什么也不做会毁了自己。

热情是一个伟大的力量。一个人的灵魂，如果一个致力于将扩大自己一个崇高的事业。在我们这样的困难是巨大的，但我们不能完成的，如果与热情？

有许多谚语，其中确定了节俭的优点。因为我们在这个世界上，钱是一个非常强大的东西生活，我们应该始终尝试保存供日后使用我们的盈利部分。

这是四件事情是我们必须注意。因为只有这样，我们才能取得成功。

电视---是福还是祸？

随着电视进入越来越多的家庭，人们开始怀疑有关它的优点和缺点。有些人认为它是一种幸福，有人认为这是对社会的诅咒。

电视作为一种大众媒体，可以给人们带来新的信息对经济，文化，艺术等诸多领域。人们可以在家里享受自己喜欢的节目。在有些国家，有些电视台提供危险罪犯和寻找走失儿童等活动，帮助找到一个理想的恋人，和其他人是相当有利的社会，一些电视台为不同年龄和社会地位的各种有用的研讨会。但在另一方面，电视可能对人造成不良影响。有些节目充满暴力色彩。因此，人们，尤其是青少年，是导致犯罪。越来越多的人如此沉迷于电视节目，有些甚至玩忽职守。

在我看来，对电视的态度完全取决于自己。人们应该选择那些方案，这是有用的，可以给他们带来的美感。

On Test and Test Taking The purpose of a test is to check how much we students have learned about a subject.It not only helps make our newly acquired knowledge permanent, but also enables us to find out what needs to spend more time improving.But some students do not deal with test correctly.Some of them are afraid of failing in a test.They cheat even at the risk of being caught on exams.Though cheating might give one “better grades”, it adds nothing to one’s knowledge.This dishonest behavior will do one more harm than good.I think that we go to college in order to have our further studies, and prepare us to be qualified for the future job.Therefore, we should take a correct attitude towards test.As long as we study diligently and review our leons regularly, we are sure to be used to serve its real purpose.

以在测试和试验

一个测试的目的是检查我们是多么地学生对主题的教训。它不仅有助于使我们的新学到的知识永久性的，但也使我们能够找出需要花费更多的时间来提高。

但是，一些学生不正确处理试验。他们中有些是在测试害怕失败。他们甚至不惜作弊被抓到考试的风险。虽然作弊可能会给一个“更好的成绩”，它增加了一个无关的知识。这个不诚实的行为将做一弊多于利。

我认为，我们去上大学，为了让我们的进一步研究，并准备我们要为未来胜任这份工作。因此，我们应该采取对测试的正确态度。只要我们勤奋学习，定期检讨我们的教训，我们肯定会被用来为它的真正目的。

inexpensive and almost omniscient (all-knowing).Language skills will develop with your constant use of various dictionaries.The more you use them, the more familiar you will become with them.Sooner or later, you will be quite skilled in finding the page, scanning the entries and locating the exact meanings of the new words.But you should have one thing in mind.As a language student, you can never become too much attached to dictionaries; basic language skills do not come from dictionaries, but from your practice.Expose yourself to the language by listening, speaking, reading and writing more, and that is the only way to the mastery of a language. 字典

这本字典是一个活老师。当你遇到一个新单词时，可以查字典你会得到一个明确的定义。每一个学生，无论是上学或自学成才，必须有一个在手边的字典。作为一个学习工具，很方便，价格低廉，几乎无所不知的（全知）。

语言能力就能够提高你的不断使用各种词典。你用得越多，就越熟悉你将成为他们。迟早，你会发现相当的页面，浏览目录并快速定位的新词的确切含义的技能。但是你应该有一个心的事。作为学语言的学生，你永远成不了太多的重视词典，基本语言技能不是从字典中来，而是通过不断的实践。暴露自己的听，说，读，写更多的语言，而且是唯一的方式向掌握一门语言。

be sure to succeed in learning.So the most important factor in learning consists in one’s own effort.To learn is rather a painstaking and persevering busine.Many a man is a failure because he cannot bear such indispensable hardships.Unremitting (never stopping) efforts can compensate for the lack of talents and thus enable one to get considerable progre in learning.

论学习

学习是自己的业务，不能依赖他人。我们知道，学习是一个积累知识的过程。这是一个人的终身的任务，不可能在一蹴而就。一个成功的学习者是一个独立的一个谁也都一往无前（不屈不挠）的意志和惊人的耐力。他将试图发现他自己的方式学习。而不是为老师的帮助下等待，他将努力创造自己的主动创造有利条件。它必将有很大的帮助，如果有良好的环境，充足的图书和设备，以及从老师和朋友们有益的指示。但是，即使有人得到了所有这些有利条件，一是不能肯定能成功地学习。

因此，在学习上最重要的因素在于自己的努力。学习是一个艰苦的，持之以恒，而业务。很多人是一个失败，因为他无法忍受这样的不可缺少的困难。不懈的（永远停止）努力可以弥补人才缺乏，从而使一个得到学习长足的进步。

failure, we will be certain to succeed.So I am of the opinion that failure is not a bad thing.

失败是坏事吗？

失败是经常发生在我们的日常生活（事情）。无论我们做什么，总是有两种可能的结果：成功或失败。虽然每个人都希望他成功尝试，有时失败无法避免。

不同的人对失败持有不同的态度。当面对失败，有人能够经得起考验它，从中汲取有益的教训，尽力去完成他们下定决心做的事。然而，其他人丧失信心和退让，他们只是抱怨自己和客观条件。

康乐

这是不可能保持身体健康，除非我们采取足够（足够）娱乐。心，也需要改变，使其急性（夏普）和活力。在有句古话，很有道理：“所有的工作，不玩耍，杰克也变傻。”

还有人沉溺于自己的研究工作后（享受）的许多游戏。其中包括足球，网球，放风筝。其他形式的娱 11

乐划船，钓鱼，园艺，骑自行车，散步，下棋，打球，和阅读。这些谁在露天度过他们的大部分时间都不变肌肉就业，应该采取一些阅读或安静的消遣方式。谁坐的人在他们的大部分业务应采取的一种消遣，这将提供锻炼他们的肌肉。

休闲提供了休息和放松善良的人们。它使人们心情舒畅，充满活力和自信，同时它准备的人做比以往任何时候都好于他们的日常工作。

On Today’s Education

I think one of the main problems with today’s education is that too much emphasis is placed on test score.It has become the most important criterion (standard) for college enrollment.A student, however creative and intelligent, will not be admitted into a college for his total scores are just one point le than required.It is also on of the crucial (decisive) factors either in job aignment or in employment competitions.The competition for high scores among students becomes intense.Students find themselves concentrating more on strategies to achieve high scores than on acquiring the knowledge.They will play truant (stay away from) of some subsidiary (le important) courses and skip over the substance, which will not be tested on.Teachers are apt to give their students high scores.As their job is judged mainly by the students’ performance in terms of scores, some teachers tend to set easy papers to test their students on or narrow down the scope of the exam, even give them the hints to exams, or favor their students with higher scores.As a result, the competition for high scores becomes so intense that it actually affects our education results.

在今天的教育

我认为今天的教育的主要问题之一是，太多的重点放在考试成绩上。它已成为最重要的标准对大学入学率（标准）。一个学生，但创造性和聪明，不会被承认为一所大学为他的总成绩只需要不到一分。这也是对关键（决定性的）无论是在分配工作或就业的竞争因素。

对于高分学生之间的竞争变得激烈。学生们发现自己的集中战略，以实现比获取更多的知识高分。他 12

们将逃学（远离）一些附属公司（不那么重要）课程并跳过该物质，不会被测试。

教师很容易给学生高分。由于他们的工作是判断学生的表现主要是在得分方面，有些教师往往容易设置文件，以测试他们的学生或缩小考试范围，甚至给他们的提示，考试，或有利于自己的学生更高的分数。

因此，对高分数的竞争变得十分激烈，它实际上影响着我们的教育效果。

周末

周末很重要。他们提供休息和放松是必不可少的那种快乐和健康生活的人。我为那些谁知道如何享受周末的休闲之一。在星期六晚上的睡眠通常可以帮助我恢复一周的辛勤劳动。一个快乐星期天到郊外旅行，使我神清气爽，无任何紧张。如果我留在家里，我经常做一些轻阅读或练习汉字书法----一个传统的写作技能，具有非凡的镇定效果。有时母亲请我帮她做饭，我总是乐于接受她的邀请.一个周末好好休息总是让我感到快乐，精力充沛，有信心，并准备向所有辛勤工作在我前面。你不能有效地工作，快乐，直到你学会如何休息和放松的周末。

我对跳槽的看法

一些人坚持自己的立场的时候，他们认为时间越长中的一个特定领域的作品，更多的人会熟练它。有些人被老师所有的生命。一些贡献自己的科研生命能量。这样的人热爱自己的工作，并最终被证明在自己领域的专家。他们通常是高成就。

有些是不同的。他们在工作习惯是跳槽，因为他们始终奉行（后续）什么是新的，刺激（有趣）。他们似乎永远与他们目前的状况的内容。有些人喜欢以满足更多的人，赚更多的钱，并结识新朋友，让他们跳的转换工作。

至于我本人而言，我想成为专业强。我不是在不断跳槽了赞成票，因为俗话说“人不可貌相，不精。”但我想与人合作和沟通，否则，以更多的创造性，少部分。

Attending College at One’s Own Expense

Nowadays, colleges and universities tend to accept more and more candidates with a score close to the required by charging a portion of their tuition.Moreover, the 14

percentage of the students attending college this way will be increasing year by year. Owing to this practice, college candidates have much freedom in choosing the major they mostly interested in.In addition, those who did not perform well on the College Entrance Exam are able to attend college to have further studies.It is reported that most of these students work harder than their clamates.Certainly this practice has some disadvantages.For example, those candidates who cannot afford the tuition might have fewer opportunities to receive higher education.In my opinion, the advantages of this practice weigh more than its disadvantages.So I am in favor of it and I believe people will be more willing to accept it as time goes by.

参加自费大学

如今，学院和大学倾向于接受对他们收取学费的部分的分数接近所需要的越来越多的候选人。此外，这种方式在上大学将逐年增加学生的百分比。由于这种做法，高考学生在选择的自由度，他们最感兴趣的是另外英寸大，这些谁没有履行在高考考不好可以读大学，有进一步研究。据悉，这些学生大部分工作比其他同学更努力。当然这种做法也有一些缺点。例如，这些候选人谁付不起学费可能有较少机会接受高等教育。

在我看来，这种做法的优点都不如它的缺点了。所以我是赞成的，我相信人们会更愿意接受它随着时间的推移。

government should establish laws to ensure that no children should drop out of school as elementary school education is compulsory in China, and local governments should aid the poor families so that they can send their children to school.To sum up, so long as our central and local governments and the whole society pay enough attention to this problem and take effective action, this situation will be changed.

适龄儿童辍学

据报道，在中国约一百万适龄儿童辍学，每年的80辍学％来自贫困家庭，也让他们的孩子在学校。为解决这个问题，政府已推出了希望工程。它已帮助数千名儿童重返校园。但在我看来，这是远远不够的。为了彻底改变这种状况，政府应该拨出足够的金钱教育的数量，特别是小学教育。同时，政府应制定法律，以确保不让孩子们辍学作为小学教育的学校在中国的是义务教育，地方政府应帮助贫困家庭，使他们能够送子女上学。

综上所述，只要我们的中央和地方政府以及全社会给予足够的重视这一问题，并采取有效的行动，这种情况将会改变。

Knowledge and Power Knowledge and power are the two things most desired by man.There is close connection between these two things.The man, having done his best in acquiring knowledge, will easily get a high position and perform it succefully.Power depends on knowledge.Knowledge to power is just like a compa to a ship, by which her sailing is made safely acro an unknown ocean.A great statesman or a learned scholar can render (give) his good services to his country just because he has perfect and profound knowledge.Power only follows knowledge.A man cannot do anything well unle he has some information as how to do it well.A man will sometimes lose his way in a strange land; an apprentice cannot produce any delicate work.Why are these so? Because they are in want of knowledge.If the apprentice wishes to produce good work, he must pay 16

attention to his instructor’s advice.

We are all the future masters of our country.Our country needs our services.How can we fulfill our future tasks? To get more knowledge is the only answer.

知识与权力

知识和权力是由人的两个最想要的东西。这两者之间有密切联系的东西。该名男子，他已经做了最好的获取知识，很容易获得较高的地位，它成功地执行。

功率取决于知识。知识权力，就像一个指南针，船舶，其中她的帆船是由在一个未知的海洋安全。一位伟大的政治家或一个博学多才的学者也呈现（给）他的良好的服务，只是因为他自己的国家拥有完善而深刻的认识。

功率只有如下的知识。一个人不能做任何事，除非他有一些如何把它做好信息。一个人有时会失去他在一个陌生的土地方式;学徒不能产生任何棘手的工作。为什么这些呢？因为他们非常想去的知识。如果学徒要产生良好的工作，他一定要注意他的导师的意见。

我们都是我们国家未来的主人翁。我们的国家需要我们的服务。我们怎样才能实现我们未来的任务？为了获得更多的知识是唯一的答案。

breakfast can not only ensure our good health but also make a good beginning for a new day.

早餐

我们得到了我们的运动从食物中的能量。人类是一样的机器。对我们来说，能够正常工作，我们必须有充分的活力。的能量，当然，来自一日三餐，那就是，早餐，午餐和晚餐。

早餐是比任何其他在一天吃饭重要。一方面，经过一夜的睡眠，在人体内储存的大部分能量被消耗掉。早餐的作用，是补益的目的（填写一次）的能量，从而使我们精力充沛了。另一方面，在一天中，上午是时间中，我们与大多数工作效率的时期。不含早餐，效率将会消失。最后，缺乏固定的早餐可以帮助胃病。

因此，为了保持健康，我们每天必须吃早餐。它可以是一个温和一些面包杯，或与一些馒头稀饭一碗，或任何其他的同类。无论如何，我们必须吃的补（吃多，我们可以），因为一个良好的早餐不仅能保证我们的健康，也为新的一天一个良好的开端。

In my opinion, ability is definitely much more important than good looks, because it demonstrates one’s own self-cultivation.It bespeaks (show) the efforts and the glory of acquiring something through one’s hard work whereas a good look bespeaks no struggle of the individual.Good looks are pleasant, but I like the ability because it really shows something of my own self. 18

能力和对韩国人看来

老人们通常会告诉孩子们，“不要听他的外表的人。”意义的能力比容貌更重要。事实上，我们已经看到这么多的辉煌，但并不好看的人。莫扎特在电影，歌剧歌手重申（重播）说这一观点，“对于一个女人的味道，它不是外表，但吸引我的天赋。”对于她来说，偏好显示一个人的口味。

然而，如今，随着越来越多的面试将在看起来非常重视，对工作申请人的外观，很多人得出的结论是，外表比能力更重要，因为许多漂亮女孩获得很好的位置，虽然他们不\'T有多少才华。

在我看来，能力确实比长相重要，因为它表明自己的修养。它体现了（显示）的努力和获得通过一个人的，而一个很好看的东西荣耀努力接引没有对个人奋斗。漂亮的脸蛋是愉快的，但我喜欢这个能力，因为它真正体现了我自身的东西。

Life Is Struggle Everything in the world is in constant struggle.Struggle is in a sense of the competition in natural selection among organisms.Animals and plants struggle for their existence.Nature provides them with weapons for that struggle.Lions have claws; fish have scales; roses have thorns.They use these weapons for the unavoidable war of existence.Nature also orders us to struggle; when we obey the nature, we win our existence.The result of struggle is the evolution of a better society.In order to surpa the others, one has to devote himself to what he does.If every individual does so, the society will make progre.Struggle is inevitable.But we should struggle with sportsmanship, not to stand in the way of others in order to achieve our own succe.It is only by struggling in such a way, mankind will see a world getting more glorious day by day.

要奋斗人生

世界上的事物是在不断的斗争。斗争是在自然选择中的生物体之间的竞争意识。

动物和植物的生存斗争。大自然赋予了这一斗争武器。狮子有爪，鱼有鳞，玫瑰有刺。他们使用了这些武器的存在不可避免的战争。大自然也迫使我们去奋斗，当我们服从的性质，我们赢了我们的生存。斗争的结果是一个更好的社会变迁。为了超过别人，要立志报国，他做些什么。如果每个人都这样做，社会就会进步。

斗争是不可避免的。但是，我们应该努力，赛，而不是在别人的阻碍，以实现我们自己的成功。只有 19

通过这样的方式挣扎，人类将看到一个世界日趋更加辉煌的一天。

电脑可以代替人脑

计算机是人类大脑的工作速度比。但有没有可能有一天计算机会取代人类的大脑和控制人类？

这是很不可能的。计算机是人类大脑的设计和开发。它们被用来加快计算。计算机正在根据人类设计的订单。在计算机运行的一个小组，由集成电路一组程序运行。没有纲领，计算机将不知道该怎么办。这是真正的人民都是靠越来越多的计算机上。如果人们不知道如何控制电脑，他们可能会被取代电脑而失去了工作。

成功

成功是一个糟糕的（非常糟糕）的老师。它会诱导他们的思想不能丢（引诱）聪明的人。它是一个不可靠的指导未来。看似完美的商业计划或最新的技术今天可能很快就会过时的。通常情况下赢得彩票（彩票）被认为是一个人的运气。许多人喜欢尝试自己的运气。

该彩票的人给一个新的百万富翁在电视采访。当他被记者问及他如何偷了他的中奖号码，他说，虽然至于其他四个数字“的六个数字，他刚把车并没有任何特别的原因。二”，他用家人出生日期。“所以，你看，”他自豪（自夸），“中大奖是不是所有的只是运气。”

the air clean.But this change does not come easily.A large number of workers might find themselves without jobs if a car factory closed.Thus the problem of air pollution would become le important than that of unemployment.Although cars have led us to better life, they have also brought us new problems.

这款车与污染

大部分美国人会觉得很难想象我们的生活会是什么样子没有一辆车。然而，有些人实现了由汽车造成的空气污染严重的问题。被污染的空气具有毒性，并且危害健康。

一个办法摆脱空气污染的是制造汽车，不会污染。这是什么样的几个大型工厂一直在努力做的。但是生产清洁汽车说起来容易做起来难。在这一领域的进展一直很缓慢。

另一种方法是采取一些汽车的发动机进行。现在发明家正在研制蒸汽汽车和电动汽车。但是许多厂家认为，这将需要几年时间开发一个有用的模型，为所欲为的人。

为了防止被汽车污染的世界，我们的方式使我们许多人生活的一些变化。美国人，例如，必须降低他们的总汽车数量。鼓励他们去旅行，骑自行车去上班。它被认为是有助于人们保持空气清洁。

但这种改变并不容易。大批的工人可能会发现自己没有工作，如果一个汽车工厂关闭。因此，空气污染问题将成为不到失业重要。

尽管汽车为我们更好地生活，他们也给我们带来了新的问题。

Time Is Money

“Time is money.” This saying means that time is very valuable.

short.We often say “How quickly time flies!” How many things can a man accomplish in such a short period? Hence we should use the valuable time properly to do our work.We will race with it.We will study and work hard.Never waste a little bit of it.

时间就是金钱

“时间就是金钱。”这句话的意思就是说时间是非常宝贵的。

Try to Be a Good Student

Perhaps it is the dream of everyone to be a good student at school, but quite a few students feel at a lo on how to make it.In my opinion it is rather easy if you can act on the following points.First of all, make full use of your time and work hard.Don’t put off till tomorrow what should be done today, as time past will never come back.The fast developing society requires adequate knowledge, which prees us to spare no efforts to study.Of course, your hard work will be rewarded one day.Secondly, use your own head and present your point of view.Credulous（轻信的）attitude will only make you take anything for granted.With your own judgment you will be able to tell right from wrong and set up your own theory.Thirdly, set aside enough time for relaxation, entertainment, etc.don’t ignore the harm of all work and no play.Proper sports will build up your body and improve the 23

efficiency of your studying.

To be a good student is easier said than done, for it needs a student’s consistent efforts.But nothing is difficult to a man if he puts his heart into it. 试着做一个好学生

也许这是每个人的梦想是在学校的好学生，但不少学生对如何使它丧失感觉。在我看来，这是相当容易，如果你可以做以下几点。

首先，请您充分利用时间，努力工作。不要推迟到明天应该怎么做的今天，随着时间的过去永远不会回来。快速发展的社会需要足够的知识，按我们不遗余力地研究。当然，你的努力会得到回报的一天。其次，用你自己的头和现在你的观点。轻信（轻信的）的态度只会让你理所当然的事情。有了自己的判断，你将能够明辨是非，建立自己的见解。

第三，预留休闲，娱乐的时间不够，等等千万不要忽视了各项工作，不玩耍伤害。适当的体育运动会逐渐建立起自己的身体，提高您的学习效率。

要成为一个好学生，说起来容易做起来难，因为它需要一个学生的一致努力。但世上无难事，一个男人如果他把它放在他的心。

Natural Resources

Nature has provided us with many kinds of resources.Almost everything we use in our everyday life comes from Nature.The food we eat, the water we drink, the clothes we wear, the concrete and bricks to build our houses, the materials to make bikes we ride, etc.all come originally from Nature.People have been making use of these natural supplies for thousands of years.With the development of technology and the increase of the population, the amount and range of materials taken has increased.It is estimated that this tread will continue in the years to come.However, natural resources are not in exhaustible.Some resources are already nearly used up.For example, the end of the world’s fuel is already within sight.Such an eential daily item as water is in short supply in many parts of the world.We can no longer thoughtlely use the many resources provided by Nature.We must learn to 24

conserve what remains.

自然资源

大自然为我们提供了多种方式的资源。几乎所有的事情在我们的日常生活中，我们使用来自大自然。我们吃的食物，我们喝的水，我们穿的衣服，水泥和砖建造的房屋，材料，使我们骑自行车等，都来原本来自大自然。

人们做了几千年的这些天然用品的使用。随着技术的发展和人口的增加，材料的数量和所采取的一系列增加。据估计，这种胎面将在未来几年继续下去。

然而，自然资源不枯竭。有些资源已耗尽。例如，世界的燃料资源已经指日可待了。这种必要的，因为水在日常项目，在世界许多地区供不应求。我们再也不能草率利用大自然提供了许多资源。我们必须学会保护剩下。

We Have Only One World

Man has made great progre in environment protection.Government of many countries has established laws to protect the forest and sea resource and to stop the environmental pollution.Still more measures should be taken to solve the problem.First, we should start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution.The government on its part should also design stricter laws.This is not only for our own generation but also for the future generation to come.It is neceary to protect our nature environment.We must begin now to protect our 25

only world.

我们只有一个世界

当产业发展，污染也成长起来了。今天，环境问题已变得越来越重要。世界人口增长如此之快，世界已经变得过于拥挤。我们正在利用我们的自然资源太快，并在同一时间，我们与危险化学品污染我们的环境。如果我们不立即采取行动，那么我们将破坏我们唯一的世界。

人类已经在环保很大的进步。许多国家政府设立了法律来保护森林和海洋资源，制止对环境的污染。但更应该采取措施来解决这个问题。首先，我们应该从教育有关的污染危害公众。对政府方面也应该设计严格的法律。这不仅是为我们这一代人，但也为未来的一代来。要保护我们的自然环境。我们必须现在就开始保护我们唯一的世界。

Make The Best Use of Our Land

It is the land that has been providing us with everything we need for centuries.In other words, almost everything we use daily comes from the land directly or indirectly.The food, clothes, houses, even the books and furniture are all supplied by the land.But the limited land is decreasing at a surprising speed.With the expanding of the cities, the development of the industry and over population, lots of large pieces of good farmland are being turned into residential areas with many houses and apartment buildings, or industrial areas, or warehouses.Therefore some measures must be taken to stop the abusing of our farmland.On the other hand, we should let everyone realize the danger of being short of land.And also we should educate them how to make better use of our land.

充分利用我们的土地的最佳使用

这是土地已经提供了几个世纪以来，我们的一切需要我们。换句话说，几乎所有我们日常使用的都是直接或间接从土地。食物，衣服，房子，甚至是书籍和家具都提供了土地。但有限的土地以惊人的速度减少。随着城市的扩大，行业及以上人口的发展，大块的良田变成许多正在与许多住宅和公寓楼， 26

或工业区，住宅区或仓库。

因此必须采取一些措施来阻止我们的农田滥用。另一方面，我们应该让大家认识到土地是短期的危险。同时要教育他们如何更好地利用我们的土地。

Health

It is said that we do not properly value a thing until we have lost it.It is only when a friend dies that we find out how much he was to us.So it is with health.When we are young and strong and have good health, we think little about it.It seems natural to us to be always well, and we cannot imagine what it is like to be ill.Wo we are often carele about our health, and without thinking we spoil our health by bad habits and doing silly things.It is only when we have our good health that we find that it was one of God’s best gifts to us.Health is our most important poeion.We should do our best to maintain it.Good health is neceary to happine and succe.People who are in poor health are often peimistic or depreed.As a rule, bad health means misery and failure.How can we keep our health? Only by knowing and carefully obeying the laws of health.A happy man is a healthy man, and only the healthy man can live a happy life.The desire for good health is universal.Everyone who loves life understands how important health is.First, good health is the guarantee for enjoying life.The only desire of a patient is always to live an ordinary and healthy life.Second, good health establishes a firm foundation for your ambition of the career.Without it, any lofty aspiration turns to be a daydream.Then how to keep fit? Everyone has his own answers to this question, while I think three principal suggestions should be followed.The first one is that a scientific diet 27

should be adopted, which offers the neceities for your body.The second one is that physical exercises must be persisted, especially for the indoor people.The last, but not the least, is that the cheerful mood should be kept.In order to keep fit, I force myself to keep away from the “junk food”, although it usually tastes good, I even form a good habit of doing morning exercises.And the beautiful music and good books always cheer me up.

健康

有人说，我们不好好珍惜的东西，直到我们失去它。它是只有当一个朋友去世，我们发现了多少，他给我们。因此，它与健康。当我们还年轻，强壮，身体健康，我们考虑的很少。他很自然地我们要始终顺利，我们不能想象是什么样的病。禾我们经常对我们的健康不小心，没有思想，我们破坏我们的健康的坏习惯，做愚蠢的事情。只有当我们有我们自己的健康，我们发现这是上帝的恩赐给我们最好的之一。

健康是我们最重要的东西。我们应该尽力维护它。身体健康是必要的幸福和成功。谁在健康状况不佳的人往往是悲观或沮丧。作为一项规则，坏的健康意味着痛苦和失败。

如何才能保持我们的健康？只有通过了解和认真遵守健康的法律。一个快乐的人是一个健康的人，只有健康的人能够过上幸福的生活。

对于身体健康的渴望是普遍的。大家谁懂得热爱生活的重要健康。首先，良好的健康是享受生活保障。一个病人的唯一愿望始终是一个普通的生活和健康的生活。第二，建立良好的健康为您的事业野心了坚实的基础。没有它，任何崇高的愿望变成是一枕黄粱。

那么如何保持身体健康？每个人都有他自己对这个问题的答案，而我认为三个主要建议，应遵循。第一个是，应采取科学的饮食，这为您的身体的必需品。第二个是，必须坚持体育锻炼，尤其是室内的人。最后，但并非最不重要的，就是要保持心情开朗。

为了保持身材，我强迫自己远离“垃圾食品”了，虽然它通常味道很好，我什至形成了晨练的好习惯。和美丽的音乐和好书总是鼓励我。

Sports and Games

valuable practice in exercising the body.What’s more, they make our life richer and more colourful.If we do not have a strong body, we will find it hard to do whatever we want.So persons of all ages enjoy watching and taking part in various kinds of sports-track and fields, swimming, skating, football, volleyball and basketball, etc.Sports and games are also very useful in character training.They demand not only physical skills and strength but also courage, endurance, discipline and usually teamwork.For boys and girls, what is learned in the playground often has a deep effect on their character.If each of them learns to work for his team and not for himself on the football field, he will later find it natural to work for the good of his country instead of only for his own benefit.A healthy citizen makes a strong country.Let’s all take part in sports and games.

Smoking

may be caused or partly caused by them.Furthermore, the bad effects of cigarettes cost the smokers lots of money, which could be spent on other meaningful things.Thirdly, the accidents of fire all over the world every year are mostly caused by the still-burning butts (end).The government has formulated the regulation of no smoking in public places.Yet its result is not so satisfactory.From my point of view, it needs the common efforts of the society.Not only the nonsmokers but the smokers should cooperate on this matter.

My Views on Large Modern Cities

Since every coin has two sides, living in large modern cities offers us many advantages, simultaneously causes many troubles.Better education and better jobs are easy to get, and better medical care is convenient to receive in large modern cities.People are usually well informed due to the advanced media, such as television, newspaper and net PC.Large modern cities also provide varied entertainment for the city-dwellers.The public places like cinema, bar, disco-ball are everywhere.On the other hand, large modern cities are too big to control, so the traffic jams and traffic accidents often happen, and the social security is a headache problem.And 30

city-dwellers have to face the housing problem.Usually a house is too expensive for the salary earning cla to buy and the rent is also high.Moreover, noise and pollution in large cities bring harm to people’s health.

Live in the City or in the Country

Where do you like to live, in the city or in the country? Most cities are centers of economy, trade, transportation or culture.With the development of economy and society, more and more people have flooded into the cities, which makes the scale of the cities larger and larger.Surely, it is very convenient for shopping, education, busine and so on.But it also has many disadvantages: the large population makes it crowded in each corner of the city; the big factories, too many cars, buses and trucks pollute the clean air; too much noise can make people mad.To live in the city, one even can’t get enough room for living.

To live in the country is another thing.You can breathe the fresh air cheerfully, own a spacious house with a big backyard, and relax yourself in quietne.But when you want to go shopping, or take your child to school, perhaps you will complain about its inconvenient transportation, its remotene„I am an ordinary person.I am always 31

longing for the peaceful idyllic（田园诗般的） life of the countryside.

Advertisement can be seen everywhere in the modern society.Large billboards are built on the roadsides or on the top of the high buildings.Newspapers become thicker and thicker, for pages of the paper are covered with advertisements.TV shows us endle ads day and night.Advertisements force people to notice their products.It is a good way to promote their new products.When a new product is developed, it is the manufacturer’s or seller’s duty to let the public know what the new product is; what the specialties are and what the manufacturer’s or the seller’s guarantees are to the products.Surely, advertisements are like bridges between customers and manufacturers or sellers.But false or deceptive advertisements can also be found at the same time.When a person has been cheated once, he can’t believe advertisements once more, or at least he can’t believe ads fully.People have become wiser and learnt to use their brains when facing a beautiful and attractive advertisement.

The World is Getting Smaller and Smaller

In ancient times, people’s only transportation means were their feet.So it was rather difficult for them to travel from one place to another.As a result, the world was too big for them to understand.With the development of modern science and technology, more and more transportation means appear: bicycle, bus, etc.They carry goods and paengers to and from every corner of the world.And they shorten the distance between people.With the help of these modern facilities, people all over the world can get in constant touch with each other.So it’s easier for people from different nations to understand each other, to communicate with each other.Thus, this world is getting smaller and smaller, just like one big family.

Use of the Time

A man’s life occupies, at best, but a limited space of time; every bit of time wasted in idlene means a reduction of succe and prosperity to the man himself and to the 33

world at large.The magnitude of a man’s succe in life depends largely upon how he makes use of his time.Those who achieve greatne in different channels of succe are, as a whole, the most hard-working people.Our famous scholar Yao and Shun wasted not a single minute, while Da Yu, our great emperor, valued even the briefest space of time; their accomplishments stand out in our history in bold relief.If we wish to do something useful, the sure way to succe is to turn every minute that we may have at our disposal（可支配的）.The old hours that we have after our daily work are the best time for reading.There is a great deal of wisdom locked up in books.Nowhere else can we find such a rich spring of knowledge for quenching（satisfy止渴）our thirst.Of course, different people follow different occupations.They do not need the same sort of information.Here they must make their own choice to get the books best suited to their particular needs.The time spent in such reading will add greatly to their stock of knowledge and prepare them for greater work in their respective fields of activity.When the reading habit is once formed, they will enjoy reading far more than they do anything else.

Exam Should Be Reduced

It is known to us that the exam is the main method to measure the students’ knowledge in school.But nowadays this method is almost becoming the only way to judge the students’ ability of knowledge.

If this method is over-used, I believe it will do us more harm than good.For one thing, too many exams keep the students from reading widely, because the students are forced to prepare the leons to be examined.Their knowledge can only be narrowed within few textbooks taught in cla.For another, the exam itself encourages rigid memorization instead of initiating (operate) the students’ creativity and individual thinking, which will be of great importance in their future work.So we can conclude that too many exams are no good to the students.Some measures should be taken to leen the students’ burden.Remember the main purpose of the exam is to urge and to encourage the students to learn more.

Part-time Job in College

know the education fees in recent years have been higher and higher.It’s rather difficult for ordinary families to afford them.The burden of the parents will be greatly relieved if the students can earn some money, with which they can buy more books helpful to their studies.At the same time, they will obtain some social experiences, which is neceary for their future work.On the other hand, the part-time job will occupy the students a lot of time, which they should spend on their studies.Thus they can’t have enough time to learn the things they need or they like.As a result, it will be hard for them to meet the expectation of the college.Therefore, we should take the advantages of the part-time job and avoid its disadvantages.Only in doing so can we really benefit from it.

Build up Good Hobbies

many phrases, which we cannot find in books.Although teenagers like those songs very much, adults dislike them.And if they indulge in them, it would be a waste both of time and money.This should not be considered as a good hobby.The worst hobbies of all are smoking and gambling.Smoking harms our bodies.Some men like to smoke in public places, and do not care about other people’s feelings.Gambling will make you lose everything.You may lose your temper, money and friendship.Friendship is the thing that money cannot buy.To lose a friend is easy but to build up a friendship is hard.So, why don’t we play something that cannot hurt others and which is worthwhile to us? For good hobbies, like stamp collecting and reading can help us broaden our knowledge, music can make us happy, and sports can keep us in good physical condition.So why not take the good and discard the bad?

Good Manners

Good manners do not come naturally, for they have to be learnt.If children were not told and shown how to behave politely, they would grow up rough and rude like savages. 37

Good manners are not the same in all countries.However different good manners may be in different places, the principle of good manners is always the same everywhere.It is consideration for the feelings of others.Good manners are the mark of a gentleman, and a real gentleman always tries to consider other people’s feelings.They will not say things that will hurt others; they will not speak in a rude way to offend them.When they are with others, they know what they do not like.So good manners are really a form of unselfishne.No one can have really good manners who is selfish and conceited, and who always wants his own way and seeks his own comfort.They may be outwardly polite, but they will not have the spirit of good manners.

Is Money the Road to Happine?

money doesn’t mean everything in the world, such as happine.The factors that contribute to happine are unpredictable（出乎意料的）.Those who have money to burn are not necearily living a happy life while those who lack physical needs may be happier than the rich.People once said that money is the source of evil.It is true to some extent.To catch hold of money, people would rather pay any price ---- to steal, to rob, to commit murder and even to aggre another country.Sometimes money can drive people crazy and kill them.In that case how can money is the road to happine!

On Making Friends

As a human being, one can hardly do anything without a friend.Helping one out of trouble and bringing happine to a lonely heart, a true friend may shed (spread) sunshine and love on one’s life.A friend will help you find out and overcome an overlooked（忽略的）shortcoming, so that you can make progre and have succe in your work or study.All the splendor（辉煌）in the world is not worth a good friend.True friendship is like an in-time rain falling on the dry land.True friends are not those who like to eat or drink together with you, but those who concern more about your 39

needs, growth, succees and failures.They will never flee for their own sake when faced with a great danger.Just as the old saying puts it, “A friend in need is a friend indeed.”

I like making friends.In order to make true friends, I will trust others, following their advice and leading a hand whenever they need help.I like to make friends with those who have the same interests and ideas with me, but not those who are boastful (full of self-praise), aimle, narrow-minded or selfish.Once I make friends with someone, I hope that the friendship will last all through my life.

My Ideal Job

When a person is asked what his ideal job is, he may answer quickly, a doctor, an actor, etc.But when it comes to me, I feel at a lo.There are all kinds of work in the world, but I can’t decide which kind I like best.

examine my capability.As a result, it stimulates me to make greater efforts and to achieve more.A relaxed, harmonious relationship among the companions is ideal, for it’s bound to improve the efficiency of work.I can’t imagine how they can cooperate if they can’t get along well, not to mention any achievement.At last, I wish my job will help people directly, thus the sense of achievement will make me work harder.

Fate

Many people believe that they are fated, or destined（注定）to a certain life.For example, if they are very poor or very ill, they say that it is because they were born to be poor or ill and there is nothing they can do about it.But in my opinion, people have more control than that over their lives.Maybe they didn’t work hard enough to make money or didn’t take proper care of themselves.By blaming their condition on fate, they are avoiding responsibility for their behavior.I think that for the most part of each person makes his own fate.If you are not satisfied with your own life, don’t accept it by blaming it on fate.Change it! If you really want to do it, you can! Set your goal and work toward it.Don’t wait for fate to bring you 41

succe because it won’t happen.Fate is in your own hands! Go out and make yourself succeful, rich and happy.Then you can’t be pound of your accomplishment.

We need a Science Society

weekly lecture, in which famous personalities of the scientific field should be invited to give, and also film shows.This shall be the chief source of new scientific knowledge for us.Sponsor Science Fairs of Exhibitions in which teenagers can compete with each other in their scientific projects.Erect up (set up) a large library with plenty of suitable scientific books for reference and research.It is also hoped that people who have a broad knowledge in science and can explain to us the things we read in books, which we cannot understand, staff the library.

We Are Young But Once

Many young girls like to copy grown-ups.They wear high-heels, paint their faces, dre in tight clothes and all that burden.They willingly let tight clothes suffocate（闷死；窒息）their breathing, high-heels hinder（阻碍）their walking, and make-ups mar their natural beauty.They think they equal adults by using those stuff, and look down upon their counterparts as childish, who incidentally do not care much to over-act their age.In fact, one cannot be considered as a grown-up just by appearance.It acquires more, such as maturity of thought, which can only be seasoned by time.Youth is indeed a very precious gift, and remember, everyone is young only once.While 43

we still have youth with us, why should we restrict ourselves from enjoying it to our heart’s content by attempting to be much older than we really are? Chances once lost may never come again, and youth definitely will not.Once it is over, real life requests our experience, and responsibilities await us with gravene.Our life will never be as free and bliful as we are today.Our present tasks in life are light.Our hearts are still full of youthful spirits and enthusiasm.So while we are still in the flower of life, why do we not gather the “rose-buds” of youth before they wither away（凋谢）？

Caring for the aged

Society has to try all means to care more for the elderly population.This is easy to say but difficult to arrange.With an increased life expectancy and a decreased birthrate due to the family planning policy, China’s population is aging at unprecedented（空前的）levels.Statistics（统计）suggest that by the end of the 20th century, more than 10 percent of the country’s citizens will be at least 60 years old.By the year 2040, this aged group will make up one fourth of the population.The same statistics also show that more than half of the aged population are financially（经济上）supported by their offspring (child/children).Only a quarter of them are independent, while only some of the rest live on retirement pensions. 44

Whatever their financial situations are, the responsibility of most elderly people’s home care thus falls upon their children who already work full-time to support their own families.A considerable number of elderly population also live far way from their children, which sets tricky obstacles in their daily care.

Courage

Many years ago, when I worked as a volunteer of Stanford Hospital, I got to know a little girl named Liza who was suffering from a rare and serious disease.He only chance of recovery appeared to be a blood transfusion from her five-year-old brother, who had miraculously survived the same disease and had developed the antibodies needed to combat the illne.The doctor explained the situation to her little brother, and asked the boy if he would be willing to give his blood to his sister.I saw him hesitate for only a moment before taking a deep breath and saying, “Yes, I’ll do if it will save Liza.”

As the transfusion progreed, he lay in bed next to his sister and smiled, as we all did, seeing the color returning to her cheeks.Then his face grew pale and his smile faded.He looked up at the doctor and asked in a trembling voice, “Will I start to die right 45

away?”

Being young, the boy had misunderstood the doctor.He thought he was going to have to give her all his blood. 46

第11篇：适合高中生背诵的经典英语短文

适合高中背诵的篇目

---Excerpt from Liu Xin\'s speech

(全国英语演讲比赛第一届冠军:刘欣,南京大学,1996年)

---Excerpt from Li Shu\'s speech

(全国英语演讲比赛第二届冠军:李舒,四川大学,1997年)

---Excerpt from Liang Limin\'s speech

(全国英语演讲比赛第三届冠军:梁励敏,北京外国语大学,1998年)

---Excerpt from Cai Li\'s speech

(全国英语演讲比赛第四届冠军:蔡力,南京大学,1999年)

If a person inherits his father\'s millions of dollars and leads an easy life, he is not a succeful person even in material terms, because there are no difficulties involved in his achieving affluence.The term \"succe\", to be sure, will not sit still for easy definition.But as I understand it, the true meaning of succe entails a combination of both the proce and the satisfactory result of an endeavor.

---Excerpt from Chen Heng\'s speech

(全国英语演讲比赛第五届冠军:陈恒,上海外国语大学,2000年)

---Excerpt from Qi Yue\'s speech

(全国英语演讲比赛第六届冠军:戚悦,北京语言文化大学,2001年)

---Excerpt from Sun Ning\'s speech

(全国英语演讲比赛第七届冠军:孙宁,北京外国语大学,2002年) 1

---Excerpt from Gu Qiubei\'s speech

(全国英语演讲比赛第八届冠军:顾秋蓓,上海外国语大学,2003年)

---Excerpt from Hong Ye\'s speech

(全国英语演讲比赛第九届全军:洪晔,南京大学,2004年 The Force of Habits Habits, whether good or bad, are gradually formed.The more we do a thing, the more we tend to like doing it; and if we do not continue to do it, we feel uncomfortable.This is called the force of habits, and the force of habits should be fought against.This applies even to such good things as work or rest.Some people form a bad habit of working too much, and others of idling too much.Bad habits, once formed, are difficult to get rid of.The wise man always remembers to check any bad habit.He warns himself “I am now becoming idle” or “I like too many sweets” or “I smoke too much”.And then adds, “I will get myself out of this bad habit at once.”

Enthusiasm is a great force.One’s soul will expand if one devotes oneself to a noble cause.The difficulties in our way are tremendous, but what can we not accomplish, if with enthusiasm?

Recreation 3 It is impoible to keep in good health unle we take sufficient (enough) recreation.The mind, too, requires change to make it acute (sharp) and vigorous.There is much truth in the old saying, “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.”

On Today’s Education

Attending College at One’s Own Expense

Nowadays, colleges and universities tend to accept more and more candidates with a score close to the required by charging a 4 portion of their tuition.Moreover, the percentage of the students attending college this way will be increasing year by year. Owing to this practice, college candidates have much freedom in choosing the major they mostly interested in.In addition, those who did not perform well on the College Entrance Exam are able to attend college to have further studies.It is reported that most of these students work harder than their clamates.Certainly this practice has some disadvantages.For example, those candidates who cannot afford the tuition might have fewer opportunities to receive higher education.In my opinion, the advantages of this practice weigh more than its disadvantages.So I am in favor of it and I believe people will be more willing to accept it as time goes by.

5 However, nowadays, with more and more interviewers putting much emphasis on the looks, the appearance of the job-applicants, a lot of people come to the conclusion that appearance is more important than ability because many beautiful girls acquire very good positions although they don’t have much talent.

Succe Succe is a lousy (very bad) teacher.It seduces (tempt) smart people into thinking they can’t lose.And it’s an unreliable guide to the future.What seems the perfect busine plan or latest technology today may soon be out-of-date.Usually winning lottery (彩票) is thought to be one’s luck.Many people like to try their luck.One of the lottery’s new millionaires gave an interview on television.When he was asked by the reporter how he had picked his winning numbers, he said that while “two of the six numbers he just pulled for no particular reason.” As for the other four numbers, he used family birth dates.“ So, you see,” he boasted（自夸）, “Winning the lottery is not all just luck.”

Time Is Money

“Time is money.” This saying means that time is very valuable.

But time is more valuable than money.The money we have lost can be gained again, but the time we have wasted cannot be regained.Moreover, sometimes persons can exist without money, but nothing can be done without time, just as no one can live without air.Despite being so valuable, time is often neglected by men.Since time is an invisible thing, men often waste their time unconsciously（无意地）.Without anything to do, they may goip from morning till night.Man can live only at most to about 100 years.It seems fairly long, but in fact it is rather short.We often say “How quickly time flies!” How many things can a man accomplish in such a short period? Hence we should use the valuable time properly to do our work.We will race with it.We will study and work hard.Never waste a little bit of it.

Try to Be a Good Student

To be a good student is easier said than done, for it needs a student’s consistent efforts.But nothing is difficult to a man if he puts his heart into it.

Natural Resources

We Have Only One World

When industries grow, pollution also grows.Today the problem of environment has become more and more important.The world population is rising so quickly that the world has become too crowded.We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals.If we don’t take action immediately, then we will destroy our only world.Man has made great progre in environment protection.Government of many countries has established laws to protect the forest and sea resource and to stop the environmental pollution.Still more measures should be taken to solve the problem.First, we should start by educating the public about the hazards of 7 pollution.The government on its part should also design stricter laws.This is not only for our own generation but also for the future generation to come.It is neceary to protect our nature environment.We must begin now to protect our only world.

Make The Best Use of Our Land

Health

Health is our most important poeion.We should do our best to maintain it.Good health is neceary to happine and succe.People who are in poor health are often peimistic or depreed.As a rule, bad health means misery and failure.How can we keep our health? Only by knowing and carefully obeying the laws of health.A happy man is a healthy man, and only the healthy man can live a happy life.The desire for good health is universal.Everyone who loves life understands how important health is.First, good health is the guarantee for enjoying life.The only desire of a patient is always to live an ordinary and healthy life.Second, good health establishes a firm foundation for your ambition of the career.Without it, any lofty aspiration turns to be a daydream.Then how to keep fit? Everyone has his own answers to this question, while I think three principal suggestions should be followed.The first one is that a scientific diet should be adopted, which offers the neceities for your body.The second one is that physical exercises must be persisted, especially for the indoor people.The last, but not the least, is that the cheerful mood should be kept.In order to keep fit, I force myself to keep away from the “junk food”, although it usually tastes good, I even form a good habit of doing morning exercises.And the beautiful music and good books always cheer me up.

Sports and Games

Sports and games do a lot of good to our health.They can make us strong, prevent us from getting too fat, and keep healthy and fit.Especially they can be of great value to people who work with their brains most of the day, for sports and games give people valuable practice in exercising the body.What’s more, they make our life richer and more colourful.If we do not have a strong body, we will find it hard to do whatever we want.So persons of all ages enjoy watching and taking part in various kinds of sports-track and fields, swimming, skating, football, volleyball and basketball, etc.Sports and games are also very useful in character training.They demand not only physical skills and strength but also courage, endurance, discipline and usually teamwork.For boys and girls, what is learned in the playground often has a deep effect on their character.If each of them learns to work for his team and not for himself on the football field, he will later find it natural to work for the good of his country instead of only for his own benefit.A healthy citizen makes a strong country.Let’s all take part in sports and games.

Smoking

It is well known that smoking does harm to the health.Today, so many people still keep smoking, which has drawn wide attention of the society.Smoking has so many disadvantages but no advantages at all.First, the cigarettes with nicotine in them do great harm to the health.Such diseases as pneumonia, lung cancer may be caused or partly caused by them.Furthermore, the bad effects of cigarettes cost the smokers lots of money, which could be spent on other meaningful things.Thirdly, the accidents of fire all over the world every year are mostly caused by the still-burning butts (end).The government has formulated the regulation of no smoking in public places.Yet its result is not so satisfactory.From my point of view, it needs the common efforts of the society.Not only the nonsmokers but the smokers should cooperate on this matter.

My Views on Large Modern Cities

Live in the City or in the Country

The World is Getting Smaller and Smaller

Use of the Time

A man’s life occupies, at best, but a limited space of time; every bit of time wasted in idlene means a reduction of succe and prosperity to the man himself and to the world at large.The magnitude of a man’s succe in life depends largely upon how he makes use of his time.Those who achieve greatne in different channels of succe are, as a whole, the most hard-working people.Our famous scholar Yao and Shun wasted not a single minute, while Da Yu, our great emperor, valued even the briefest space of time; their accomplishments stand out in our history in bold relief.If we wish to do something useful, the sure way to succe is to turn every minute that we may have at our disposal（可支配的）.The old hours that we have after our daily work are the best time for reading.There is a great deal of wisdom locked up in books.Nowhere else can we find such a rich spring of knowledge for quenching（satisfy止渴）our thirst.Of course, different people follow different occupations.They do not need the same sort of information.Here they must make their own choice to get the books best suited to their particular needs.The time spent in such reading will add greatly to their stock of knowledge and prepare them for greater work in their respective fields of activity.When the reading habit is once formed, they will enjoy reading far more than they do anything else.

Exam Should Be Reduced

Part-time Job in College

Nowadays there are arguments on the part-time job in college.Does it do good or do harm to the students? In my opinion, it has two sides.On one hand, doing part-time jobs can bring financial support to the students.As we all know the education fees in recent years have been higher and higher.It’s rather difficult for ordinary families to afford them.

The burden of the parents will be greatly relieved if the students can earn some money, with which they can buy more books helpful to their studies.At the same time, they will obtain some social experiences, which is neceary for their future work.On the other hand, the part-time job will occupy the students a lot of time, which they should spend on their studies.Thus they can’t have enough time to learn the things they need or they like.As a result, it will be hard for them to meet the expectation of the college.

10 Therefore, we should take the advantages of the part-time job and avoid its disadvantages.Only in doing so can we really benefit from it.

Build up Good Hobbies

Everybody has his own hobbies: some are fond of collecting stamps, coins, etc., some like swimming, and there are some who like reading or music ---- all these are of good hobbies.Nowadays, most teenagers are crazy about “hit-song”.From those songs we can learn many phrases, which we cannot find in books.Although teenagers like those songs very much, adults dislike them.And if they indulge in them, it would be a waste both of time and money.This should not be considered as a good hobby.The worst hobbies of all are smoking and gambling.Smoking harms our bodies.Some men like to smoke in public places, and do not care about other people’s feelings.Gambling will make you lose everything.You may lose your temper, money and friendship.Friendship is the thing that money cannot buy.To lose a friend is easy but to build up a friendship is hard.So, why don’t we play something that cannot hurt others and which is worthwhile to us? For good hobbies, like stamp collecting and reading can help us broaden our knowledge, music can make us happy, and sports can keep us in good physical condition.So why not take the good and discard the bad?

Good Manners

Good manners do not come naturally, for they have to be learnt.If children were not told and shown how to behave politely, they would grow up rough and rude like savages.Good manners are not the same in all countries.However different good manners may be in different places, the principle of good manners is always the same everywhere.It is consideration for the feelings of others.Good manners are the mark of a gentleman, and a real gentleman always tries to consider other people’s feelings.They will not say things that will hurt others; they will not speak in a rude way to offend them.When they are with others, they know what they do not like.

So good manners are really a form of unselfishne.No one can have really good manners who is selfish and conceited, and who always wants his own way and seeks his own comfort.They may be outwardly polite, but they will not have the spirit of good manners.

Is Money the Road to Happine?

In the modern society, quite a few people make money a target for pursuit, as they believe money is the road to happine.Is that the case? Does money really make the matter go? I don’t agree to this opinion.Of course, we can’t live without money because it is the currency in circulation with which we can buy what we need in daily life.But money doesn’t mean everything in the world, such as happine.The factors that contribute to happine are unpredictable（出乎意料的）.Those who have money to burn are not necearily living a happy life while those who lack physical needs may be happier than the rich.People once said that money is the source of evil.It is true to some extent.To catch hold of money, people would rather pay any price ---- to steal, to rob, to commit murder and even to aggre another country.Sometimes money can drive people crazy and kill them.In that case how can money is the road to happine!

On Making Friends

As a human being, one can hardly do anything without a friend.Helping one out of trouble and bringing happine to a lonely heart, a true friend may shed (spread) sunshine and love on one’s life.A friend will help you find out and overcome an overlooked（忽略的）shortcoming, so that you can make progre and have succe in your work or study.All the splendor（辉煌）in the world is not worth a good friend. 11 True friendship is like an in-time rain falling on the dry land.True friends are not those who like to eat or drink together with you, but those who concern more about your needs, growth, succees and failures.They will never flee for their own sake when faced with a great danger.Just as the old saying puts it, “A friend in need is a friend indeed.”

My Ideal Job

In my opinion, my ideal job must fully utilize (make use of) my intelligence and knowledge.I have been studying for so many years.The main purpose it to prepare myself for my future job.If most of my knowledge can’t be used, no doubt it is a great waste.I’m not afraid of a demanding and challenging job, for it’s the best opportunity to examine my capability.As a result, it stimulates me to make greater efforts and to achieve more.A relaxed, harmonious relationship among the companions is ideal, for it’s bound to improve the efficiency of work.I can’t imagine how they can cooperate if they can’t get along well, not to mention any achievement.At last, I wish my job will help people directly, thus the sense of achievement will make me work harder.

Fate

We need a Science Society

Youths today should all take a keen interest in science, for we are in a rapidly progreing scientific age.Indeed, no one can now be regarded “up-to-date” without a general scientific knowledge we get from school textbooks; we should visit the libraries more often and read the current scientific news from the newspaper.But the enthusiastic youths have often found out that there are not enough suitable books to read in the public libraries, since many of them are too advanced and too specialized.To overcome this difficulty, I suggest that the Education Department should establish an inter-school science society.The main objects of the society are to increase the scientific knowledge of youths and to foster friendship between members.Organize inter-school scientific contests.Arrange inter-school debates and discuions on interesting scientific subjects.This would not only give us a chance to expre our ideas, but also help us to make more friends.This is a very important thing, for friendship is the very element in international understanding and world peace.Hold a weekly lecture, in which famous personalities of the scientific field should be invited to give, and also film shows.This shall be the chief source of new scientific knowledge for us.Sponsor Science Fairs of Exhibitions in which teenagers can compete with each other in their scientific projects.Erect up (set up) a large library with plenty of suitable scientific books for reference and research.It is also hoped that people who have a broad knowledge in science and can explain to us the things we read in books, which we cannot understand, staff 12 the library.

We Are Young But Once

Chances once lost may never come again, and youth definitely will not.Once it is over, real life requests our experience, and responsibilities await us with gravene.Our life will never be as free and bliful as we are today.Our present tasks in life are light.Our hearts are still full of youthful spirits and enthusiasm.So while we are still in the flower of life, why do we not gather the “rose-buds” of youth before they wither away（凋谢）？

Caring for the aged

Courage

Being young, the boy had misunderstood the doctor.He thought he was going to have to give her all his blood. 13

第12篇：高中生适合读的书[推荐]

卡耐基人际关系学

厚黑学

君主论

资本论

古文观止

中国全史或者中华上下五千年

世界通史（斯塔夫里阿诺斯）

人间喜剧

莎士比亚悲剧（5部）

鲁迅全集

茅盾短篇小说集

余秋雨的散文

孙子兵法

基督山伯爵

飘

源氏物语

凡尔纳的科幻（海底两万里、神秘岛、格兰特船长的儿女们）童年、在人间、我的大学

荷马史诗

战争与和平

复活

海涅诗集拜伦诗集雪莱诗集泰戈尔散文诗集

第13篇：高中生适合读的书（推荐）

卡耐基人际关系学厚黑学君主论资本论古文观止

中国全史或者中华上下五千年世界通史（斯塔夫里阿诺斯）人间喜剧

莎士比亚悲剧（5部）鲁迅全集

茅盾短篇小说集余秋雨的散文孙子兵法基督山伯爵飘

源氏物语

凡尔纳的科幻（海底两万里、神秘岛、格兰特船长的儿女们）童年、在人间、我的大学荷马史诗战争与和平复活

海涅诗集拜伦诗集雪莱诗集泰戈尔散文诗集

1、富兰克林自传（富兰克林）

2、假如给我三天光明（海伦•凯勒）

3、名人传（罗曼•罗兰）

4、居里夫人传（艾芙•居里）

5、渴望生活——梵高传(欧文•斯通)

6、苏东坡传(林语堂)

7、我们仨（杨绛）

8、最后的精灵（达玛利）

9、亲爱的安德烈（龙应台、安德烈）

10、人生不过如此（林语堂）

11、三杯茶（摩顿森）

12、柑橘与柠檬啊（莫波格）

13、追风筝的人（胡塞尔）

14、先知（纪伯伦）

15、心的菩提/情的菩提（林清玄）

16、芒果街的小屋（希斯内罗丝）

17、布鲁克林有棵树（史密斯）

18、普罗旺斯的一年（彼得•梅尔）

19、妞妞（周国平） 20、撒哈拉的故事（三毛）

21、我的精神家园/沉默的大多数（王小波）

22、精神明亮的人（王开岭）

23、风流去（鲍鹏山）

24、活着/许三观卖血记（余华）

25、苏菲的世界（贾德）

26、我在雨中等你（斯坦）

27、左手的掌纹/天涯情旅（余光中）

28、蒙田随笔（蒙田）

29、培根随笔（培根） 30、瓦尔登湖（梭罗）

第14篇：适合高中生唱的歌曲

1.《我的未来不是梦》《我相信》《父亲》2.《精忠报国》《北京东路的日子》《兄弟抱一下》3.《相信自己》《明天会更好》《我的好兄弟》4.《奔跑》《心愿》《最初的梦想》5.《水手》《同桌的你》《军中绿花》6.《天亮了》《爱的奉献》《一生有你》7.《白桦林》《栀子花开》《让世界充满爱》8.《老男孩》《阳光总在风雨后》《东风破》9.《童年》《千里之外》《菊花台》10.《同一首歌》《朋友》《玻璃杯》11.《铿锵玫瑰》《感恩的心》《青春年代》12.《你是我的眼》《让泪化作相思雨》《莫斯科没有眼泪》13《烛光里的妈妈》《妈妈的吻》《天亮了》14《怒放的生命》《青花瓷》《挥着翅膀的女孩》15.《真的爱你》欣赏《从头再来》《隐形的翅膀》16《光辉岁月》欣赏《外婆的澎湖湾》

第15篇：适合高中生的阅读材料

重庆江津田家炳中学高2015级大阅读（第十四周）

本期负责人：汪军怀

邹雪梅

【经典美文】

时光深处是静美

是谁把光阴剪成了烟花，一瞬间，看尽繁华，一树繁花，只一眼，便是天涯。我们都在时光里跌跌撞撞的成长，然后一点点离开最初的模样，花开花落，春来春去，时光依旧，我们在变，唯一不变的是我们一直在变。---题记

倾心相遇，今生缘起，依恋之情，若落花如流水，花自飘零水自流。回眸时，岁月依然静好，现世依旧安稳，而我，只在静静地光阴里想念着，只为你那一抹幽深的回眸，落眉间那一曲一曲的思念。

往昔的渐去，青春婉转的岁月里，也只能自己栖身于冰冷的夜色中，伴随着那一纸残章断句，看别人的故事，流自己的眼泪。几窗外，谁遥指雨打落红的哀鸣曲调，在岁月的琴弦上谱写了一首诀别的离歌，饮醉红尘里的那些痴言怨语，落得个仓皇前世寻，一杯未尽，却道人生又几何。如若相逢是一场宿命，注定是劫难，在劫难逃，那么我愿意，画地为牢，爱就是在百转千回中生生不息，而想爱的或不爱的，在这千丝万缕的纠葛中，挣扎着，浖沉着。

遇见，别问是劫是缘。有人说，人世间所有的相遇都是久别重逢，那么是否所有的结束都是一个新的开始？生命中，总有那么一个人，以云淡风轻的姿态行走于你的世界，华丽的演绎了一场场风花雪月，然后决绝离开，让人仰慕了一生，怀想了一生，遗憾了一生。

人生是一场见证，见证一场又一场春夏秋冬，花开花落。人生是一场又一场离开，熟悉的陌生的，曾走近又走远的。相濡以沫海誓山盟早已物是人非，消失在时光里，鸟无音讯，相忘于江湖，两两相忘，两两不见，两两不念。

遇见是一场华丽的梦，充盈了你单薄的岁月，让日子变得丰盈而美丽，同时，枯萎了情感，斑驳了往昔，迷茫了未来。

人生是一个舞台，生命还在，演出就不会落幕。人生如戏，我们像小丑般演绎着一场又一场的戏，或真或假，或长或短，或悲或喜，你在这这场戏中扮演那个我，我在那场戏中扮演这个你，各自微笑，各自流泪，一场戏的结束意味着另一场戏的开幕，你记得也好，忘记也罢，生命本是场轮回，来来去去，何曾有过丝毫的停歇？我们唯一能做的只能是，扮小丑演微笑掩悲伤。

一直以来想写一些欢快的文字，奈何举笔皆寞，滴墨成殇。或许我是那种感性的人，在文字的渲染下，有着一颗多愁伤感的心，那缱绻于心间的淡淡忧伤早已渗透骨髓，病入膏肓，无药可救了。

一直喜欢静静一人，远离喧嚣吵闹，一杯香茗，一纸清文，一米阳光，一个悠闲的午后时光，或，寂倚轩窗，独守一场烟雨朦胧，任思绪放逐，婉约一场姹紫嫣红的花事，筑一帘幽梦。

一直执着于黑夜，静谧而寂寥，绵绵长夜，孤独中缱绻，我可以，卸下没心没肺的伪装，可以任由在忧伤逆流成河，可以逃避现实的苍白无奈，可以在徘徊在时光的渡口铭心深思反省，做回自己，做回原来的自己，做回想做却又不敢做的那个自己。

一直渴望能觅一红粉知己，将此生妥善安置，细心收藏，免我忧，免我苦，免我无枝可依，免我颠沛流离，我信，我坚信，梦在远方，她在未来，在心上。

现在又有多少人跟我一样，独在异乡为异客，独处异乡城市打拼，忍受着寂寞，孤独，

1 一个人走完四季，个中滋味，冷暖自知，寻寻觅觅，冷冷清清，悲悲惨惨戚戚。

终于懂得，任何事情终有答案，匆忙寻找，错失的是岁月的静好。那些繁华哀伤终将会成为过往，请不要失望，平凡是最美的荡气回肠。时光依旧，无比柔软，见证着我们经历的过往，岁月依然，沧桑依旧，沉淀着生命中的那些悲欢离合；掬一捧光阴，握一份懂得，走过红尘喧嚣，时光深处是岁月的静美。

一别西湖，又是江南烟雨

若说，江南是一湾琉璃般的月，那么，我便是那月下观潮的行者，游于碧波清舟之上，心中默然漾出一朵水莲花，只消一眼，竟是永远。

暖风熏得游人醉，趁着假日小闲，也想做一回文人雅士，赏一番山外青山、西湖歌舞，于是，终得如愿，值五月的初夏时节，着一袭轻装，踏一地明媚的阳光，前往西湖一游。

本非江南的归人，却在这片水乡栖居好些时日了，因此，乘往杭州的路仅一站之遥，很快到了目的地，我会心笑了，且不问前方美景如何，至少我的脚步已追随我的心抵达彼岸，圆了我许久以来的梦！

许是假期，人潮未免拥挤，放眼望去，西湖边人流攒动，到处都是来自全国各地的游客，以“人山人海”来形容恐怕一点也不为过。然而，我以为诗人的眼里必定是充满着美的，他们的眼光亦必是异于常人的，那敏锐的视觉和细腻的触感总会给这片风景留下多多少少唯美的画卷，否则又哪里来的“欲把西湖比西子，淡妆浓抹总相宜”的盛赞？

一路前行，登上木质的游船，荡漾于西湖之上，一刻也坐不下，我扶着船沿的栅栏，享受这憧憬已久的山水。

一直喜欢有山有水的地方，山的雄壮、水的柔美，总觉这才是自然的瑰丽，也无数次地渴望有一次生命的沉醉。其实，西湖的山并不稀奇，不比黄山，西湖的水也非圣灵，不比瑶池，那么，为何吸引了古往今来无数的文人墨客，甘愿挥笔为之著就一篇又一篇旷世名作？从杨万里的“接天莲叶无穷碧，映日荷花别样红”到白居易的“乱花渐欲迷人眼，浅草才能没马蹄”，从孙锐的“白苹红蓼西风里，一色湖光万顷秋”到周起渭的“若把西湖比明月，湖心亭似广寒宫”，兴许这就是西湖的魅力所在吧，美的不是西湖本身，而是那其中蕴含着的饱满的文化素养，以及西湖沉底千年前的离人的泪和诗人的笔，一并都化作了江南的墨魂，终造就了西湖一景的盛名。

许多人说西湖并非那般美丽，去一次就会失望，其实不然，始终相信，你若心存美好，处处皆是美景，哪怕是足下的一草一花，无一不是赋有生命力的魂灵。因此，我来，是带着一颗欣赏的心。

随后陆续观赏了西湖的另几处景点：三潭印月、白堤、断桥等，终是乏了，最后落脚在断桥边上，静静地立于这传说中的“断桥”之上，周遭传来《断桥残雪》的音乐，和着一片微凉的暮色，坐了下来，远望空蒙山色，近观潋滟波光，倒也十分惬意。

置身于这片梦中的江南，不禁想起白落梅，我喜爱的栖居江南的禅意女子。记得她曾说，开间茶馆吧，在某个临水的地方，不招摇，不繁闹。有一些古旧，一些单薄，生意冷清，甚至被人遗忘，这些都不重要。只要还有那么，那么一个客人。在午后慵懒的阳光下，将一盏茶，喝到无味；将一首歌，听到无韵；将一本书，读到无字；将一个人，爱到无心。

那么，我想，隐居西湖该是最好的栖息，那些流过的往事亦会被一一捞起，过滤成鲜明的记忆，交给流年去澄清，直至风淡云轻。

如画江南，永远像梦境一般落在每个人的心里。多少行色匆匆的旅人，相逢在山水间，从这道杨柳依依的堤，摆渡至那道烟花纷飞的岸。在西湖边漫步，忘了自己也是个萍客。只因一次偶然的路过，我便注定种了多情的因，尝得菩提的果，那些因为来过这个多情之地的人，原本淡然的心性，也开始有了牵挂，总是会爱上了烟雨小楼中品茗的闲情，爱上了午后 2 阳光下打盹的慵懒，爱上了一朵花的欢颜，一剪流光的浪漫。

其实不过是个爱做梦的女子，闲情诗赋，望尽天涯归处，期待一份烟雨中的邂逅。不浓不淡，不早不晚，千万人之中恰好地相遇，相约一场矢志不渝，让满池的西湖水为我们见证。怎奈缘如潮水，潮涨潮落，无律可循，亦无从改变，也许我们能做的唯有且行且珍惜。因为只有这样，走过的岁月，才不至于留下一页空白。在生命的过程里，不求奋笔疾书，翰墨四溅，只要摊开一卷素纸，静静地写下一阕清词：人生有情，无关风月。

今生，也愿做一个心性淡泊的雅士，安静素然，锦时清简，情系山水，心若空明。起身，看云霞醉梦，晓雾生烟。身处繁华尘世，心在云水之间，韶光似风烟过隙，一展欢颜，又怎能，辜负这一段盛世华年。

夕阳无限好，只是近黄昏。倾城的暮光中，我载着满怀的喜悦翩然而归，留下一程多情的足迹印在西湖的湖心，随时间沉浮。我只是你千万游客之一，而你却带给我千万种思绪。今夕江南下起了雨，忆昨日，一别西湖，又是江南烟雨。

途径岁月，与光阴说禅

五月的清晨，阳光明媚，打开窗子，映入眼帘的，是一片葱绿，偶尔，会有清风拂过，那丝丝绿意便在枝头暗自妖娆。拾一抹清凉，将一份静好氤氲在茶香里，风拂过发梢，也带来了百花的清香。端坐窗前，让自己沉浸在晨阳纤细的光晕里，心底，便泛起了柔柔的暖意，那便是幸福的味道。

流年暗换，日子，总会在辗转中渐行渐远。天空，时而晴朗，时而阴沉，前行的路上，早己习惯了享受孤独，习惯了与风雨同行，习惯了将悲喜尽数隐藏，只将明媚，赠与时光。随着年龄的增长，越来越喜欢素雅的东西，花香喜欢淡淡的，颜色喜欢质朴的，感情喜欢长久的。此生愿为素雅的花朵，开在驿路风中，经过风雨，走过沧桑，有过盛放，经过衰落。对往事，微微一笑，对当下，珍惜掌握，对未来，留一份憧憬，以淡然的心绪，行走于光阴里，以爱的名义，在心中种一片阳光，对着清风，轻倚日月，只为一人，散去繁华，让心灵于明媚中放牧。

时光，从不会因为我们的悲喜而停留，我们就在辗转中学会了从容。我在流年的风中，等一场雨，润泽心灵；在明媚的阳光中，等一场花开，芬芳生命。我用四月枝头的苍翠，去迎接五月的姹紫嫣红，岁月便在我的眼眸中写满了丰盈。

喜欢，三月枝头的新绿；喜欢，夏日听荷的诗意；喜欢，秋日落叶的静美；喜欢，冬日落雪的纯净，喜欢，以素颜的姿态，在流年的渡口，临溪而坐，用洒脱和恬淡，笑看潮起潮落，在似曾相识的片断里，打捞过往的美丽，在心灵的绿洲上，倾洒阳光，让所有烟火中的纷扰，随风轻盈，以一颗澄清的心，守一处清喜，与时光对望，握着一路相随的暖意，倾心文字，在岁月平仄的页角里，书写红尘最美。

行于尘世，总会有许多无奈，我喜欢天马行空的字，却总写中规中矩的文；喜欢阳光和雨露的清新，却不得不面对风霜的来袭；喜欢幽静的小路，却总是穿行于车水马龙；喜欢洒脱随性，却总将过往写成念念不忘；喜欢做个素心若雪的女子，却不得不低眉染尘埃，红尘喧嚣，途径万千，我终于在这纷繁的烟火人间，开成了一朵随遇而安的小花。

我将心，藏在一朵花里，带着雨露的清新，阳光的润泽，将豁达，恬静，素雅，还有你的影子，都融入其中，一路上，走走停停，不与春风诉别离，不与百花争艳，让花开的声音，伴着恬淡的心绪，温润每一天；将所有的念，在蓝天白云下舒展，以单纯的写意，将美好镌刻。回眸，一个微笑，一次遇见，一段记忆，都如一池春水，流转生香。人生就是一次旅途，心，便是引领，看过风月交替，赏过浓淡事味，关于心的故事，你欲说与谁听？花开花落，秋水无声，在灵犀相通的光阴里，让阳光穿透心的海岸，低眉，浅笑，因为等待，或许有一天会恰逢花开。

3 人生，总要行不同的路，看不同的风景，与一朵小花邂逅，或者与一只蝶不期而遇，皆是缘分，有的时候，拥有也是在失去，开始也是一种结束。往事如烟，悠远了多少铭记，又滋生了多少温暖，去岁残荷尚在，今年新花又开，年华，就在轮回中逐渐老去；心境，就在辗转中滋长着清宁。

风吹过阡陌，那些没有预约的音符，总会在不经意间触动了善感的心灵，在薄薄的花蕊里，生出芬芳与感动，云水深处，谁用真心织素锦？烟水之湄，谁用柔情写诗篇？那些伸手便能握住的纯美，于流年的枝头，镌刻无悔的印记。心的温润，轻盈了时光的脚步，织少许风花雪月的浪漫，携一份布衣的恬淡，将那些纵横交错的生命脉络，盈盈在握，让心灵相牵的暖，在灵魂深种，将一生的风景，写成温婉的诗篇，清淡，素颜，从容走过。

喜欢禅意的文字，带着智慧，透着清凉，还有一份静好，是一种顿悟，让你学会于繁华处不惊，于喧嚣中不扰，于落寞处不寒凉，于缤纷中不迷茫，能让心灵得到安逸，就如，姹紫嫣红中的那抹新绿，又如，夏日骄阳中的那抹清凉，让我们在生命的路上多了一份淡定和懂得。

生命中的禅意无处不在，走进自然，听山风过耳，闻花香怡然，嗅空气中泥土的芬芳，看花草树木，在阳光沐浴中欣欣向荣，万物，就在简单中从容。生命最好的状态来自淳朴和本真，不刻意雕琢的东西才最美，顺应自然的生长方显葱茏。

清寂，是光阴中流淌的一道清泉，是来自灵魂深处的一种情怀，它是浮华褪却后的清静，也是红尘喧嚣后的清澈。清寂的时光中，你可以将心根植于文字中，品自己喜欢的书，抒写深情的感悟，留一份温润于字里行间，感受书能香我何须花的惬意；亦可以将心放在乐曲中，感受音乐带给我们的那份婉约清灵的韵致，让心灵得以舒缓。

清寂，是留得残荷听雨声的意境和感动；是曲径通幽处，禅房花木深的禅意；是直通心灵的那抹清凉。此时，花落无言，流水不语，那些明媚或忧伤的念，在流年的滴答声中渐行渐远，只有心的明镜简洁，在岁月素白的纸笺上，将浅香勾勒，将纯净画满。

禅如一朵花，开在心间，则豁然开朗；开在路上，则峰回路转；开在流年里，则满眼丰盈。始终相信，总会有那么一个人，与我在一粥一饭中不离不弃，与风霜雪雨中相携相暖，于年华中相依相伴；总会有那么一处风景，会为我而妖娆，总会有一条路，给我宽广，给我美丽，总会有一个故事，由我执笔书写，写成人生最美。

我于红尘中，依着一朵莲的恬淡，植字成荫，安静清喜，也书眉间清风，也书人间烟火，与阳光相拥，与光阴说禅，岁月，便在我的眼中溢满了馨香的暖。

漫天飞花雨，樱若雪凋零

文/凌云

四月轻弹一曲小调，把我从三月的江南雨巷拉回，带至芳草萋萋的沙洲，在一个漫天飞花雨的日子，读一段文字，缅怀一段时光；在一个落红点点的时节，赏一场樱花雨，看一场穿越四季的盛宴，漫天飞舞，落樱似雪，流年似锦。

——题记

素日如水，往事如烟，时间悄悄从指尖溜走，回首过往，总有一些惆怅惹人思量，总有一些往事淡漠光影，总有一段回忆勾起心痛，总有一些人在记忆深处斑驳陆离，却从未遗忘。不曾记起，只因你在心灵之岸，从未离开。

我在云端，你在我指尖。脚下的行云似流水般走远，远处的阳光璀璨耀眼，轻翻一本航空杂志，一个个旅游胜地的照片，一篇篇旅游日志清晰地出现在眼前，默默地读着，跟随笔者的脚步，走进一个又一个的悠然时光，仿佛身临其境般真实，又如同梦幻传奇般模糊，在笔与图勾勒出的意境，总会这样把我迷醉，像是一个深藏多年的旧疾，挥之不去，推之不散，又似一个嗜酒如命的酒鬼，总是抵挡不住窖藏佳酿的香醇。

如同一个没有准备的书童，一头栽进了回忆的深渊。

那年春天，他与青梅竹马的表妹在樱花盛开的季节，结伴而行，春游沈园。

他是才华横溢的少年才子，她是才德兼备的俊妻，新婚燕尔，总免不了恩爱缠绵，夫唱妇随，相敬如宾。在四月的沈园，百花齐放，百鸟齐鸣，他们相携而行，且歌且舞，且行且惜，想必人生最幸福的事莫过于此，有一位年轻貌美的女子与己双宿双飞，出则才可与之相和，入则温良贤淑德润其家。贤妻、知己合二为一，可谓是不可多得的奇女子，世间可遇而不可求。

红烛摇曳，夫妻双双把家还，他和她喜结良缘，恩爱两不疑。

岁月如同一把催人的剪刀，在红尘最深处嫉妒地剪去了他们的红线。他（陆游）的母亲不满儿媳妇与陆游的亲密缠绵，唯恐耽误了陆游的仕途，竟生生地拆散了这对神仙眷侣，他，苦苦地哀求，她，泪眼婆娑，可终究是敌不过宿命的捉弄。

十年后的春天，当他满心忧郁地重游沈园。正当他独坐狂饮，借酒消愁之时，意外地见到了她和她的改嫁后的丈夫赵士程。

十年生死两茫茫，不思量，自难忘。虽没有苏轼那般生离死别的凄楚，却别是一番滋味在心头。回想昔日，携手同游，恩爱不已，而今她却已为别人之妻，心中的旧爱如同潮水般汹涌蓬勃，漫天盖地席卷而来，曾经的朝朝暮暮，曾经的海誓山盟，曾经的卿卿我我，都在那一瞬间涌上心头，哽咽呼吸，抽刀断水水更流，举杯消愁愁更愁，望着她渐行渐远的背影，他却只能独坐原地，无动于衷。

正当他放下酒杯，欲转身离去。岂料她征得赵士程的同意，给他送来一杯酒。看着他小步清挪，人比黄花，忍不住泪如雨下，心潮澎湃，昔日的恋人，含泪送酒，叫他如何不痛心？一仰头喝下了这杯深情的烈酒，思绪如同膨胀的气球飞向天空，在白皙的园墙上，奋笔疾书：

红酥手，黄藤酒。满城春色宫墙柳。东风恶，欢情薄。一怀愁绪，几年离索。错、错、错。

春如旧，人空瘦。泪痕红浥鲛绡透。桃花落，闲池阁。山盟虽在，锦书难托。莫、莫、莫。

题词之后，再一次深情回眸他昔日的爱妻，便怅然而去。他的身后，是那一片樱花编织的世界，若雪凋零，如烟清散。她心中的痛楚如山洪爆发，孤零零地站在那里久久不愿离去，反反复复地读了这首《钗头凤》，不久之后便忧郁而去，香消玉殒。

她的辞世，我想大多是与这次十年之后的重逢有关吧。一对天作之合，却在风雨飘摇的南宋被现实的残酷打的支离破碎，一双璧人在那个樱花飞舞，若雪飘零的日子里，诵一曲《钗头凤》，吟一首断人肠。

那一年，漫天飞花雨，她载着对他深沉不移的爱，随风陨落，植入土里。她的爱如同落叶归根般伟大而又无言，把对他的爱深藏土里，羽化在青山绿水之中，悄无声息，却暗香盈袖，让沈园的每一株樱花都开出爱情的美丽，每一朵樱花都绽放出对他最深最真的爱，那漫天飞舞的樱花，便是她无声的爱语。

若，生命就此戛然而止，时光在这里打个盹，人生可以轮回，那么，下一世他和她，定会在这樱花盛开的日子相遇，在这樱花飘舞的树下相遇，在这人间最美四月天的季节里，执手而行，遇见倾城爱恋。

可命运的齿轮却在悄无声息中变换，此后陆游北上抗金，转川任职，之后的几十年风雨飘摇，依旧无法排遣他诗人心中的眷恋，年已花甲，六十三岁的他，“偶复来菊缝枕囊，凄然有感”，他写道：

（其一）

采得黄花作枕囊，曲屏深幌闷幽香。

唤回四十三年梦，灯暗无人说断肠！

（其二）

少日曾题菊枕诗，囊编残稿锁蛛丝。

人间万事消磨尽，只有清香似旧时！

他对她的爱，纵横一生，从少年时的青葱爱恋，到青年时期的情投意合，再到老年时的缅怀哀悼，都让人为之叹息，为之感怀，每每读之，心中总会有难以割舍的情愫萦绕，七十五岁之时，他已解甲归田，移居沈园，则婉（唐婉）而居，青灯古香，余生相伴，直至终老。

浮生若寒，寂寥流年。每每读到那首《钗头凤》，心中总会激起一股深深的感情，每每翻开电脑上那些关于沈园的照片，思绪总会飞跃万水千山，来到那“宫墙”之侧，看一场樱花凋零，感怀一段缠绵故事。

或许，人的一生可以有很多种抉择，也会有很多种不同的色彩，如果，要用一种花语来阐释一种人生，那么我想她的花语定是樱花，花开一季，一季芬芳，好景不长在，好花不常开。短短的四月，便是她一生的时光。

樱，若雨般飞翔。

在淡淡的午后时光，飘落在心间的路上。如同她和他的爱情，匆匆青春，短短光景，只开一季，却余香悠远，萦绕他一生的思量。无须姹紫嫣红，无须桃李争春，却又胜过午夜的夜来香，浅浅的一抹，一抹陪伴他一生的过往。我想，在那一片樱花的花瓣上，定有一滴晶莹剔透的露珠，亲爱的，那不是露珠，是她回眸的眼泪。

樱，若雪般降落。

古有天妒英才，红颜薄命之说，或许，真的如此，古往今来的红颜，几乎少有长寿。或许，真的如同诗人笔下的那般，青春难在留，红颜易水柳。她的爱，短短的一段，她的一生，短短的一瞥时光，短暂、惋惜。恰似漫天飞舞的白雪，当她飘落在你指尖时，已然融化，当她亲吻你的额头时，悄然成水。

漫天飞花雨，樱若雪凋零。

或许，当每一个四月推开窗扉，打开心灵时，总有一剪落樱随风而落，心中总会默念，祝他们在天国能够活的幸福，就如同每次看一对蓝黄双飞的蝴蝶，总会幻想这一对是不是传说中的梁祝。

又到人间四月天，又到樱花浪漫时。伫立在窗前遥望，山野之处，蓝天白云，绿柳轻扬，遥想沈园的竹子，是否班泪点点，沈园的樱花，是否依旧迷人，待一阵风过，赏，漫天飞花雨，樱若雪凋零„„ 【名家经典】

春意挂上了树梢

萧红

三月花还没有开，人们嗅不到花香，只是马路上融化了积雪的泥泞干起来。天空打起朦胧的多有春意的云彩；暖风和轻纱一般浮动在街道上，院子裡。春末了，关外的人们才知道春来。春是来了，街头的白杨树蹿著芽，拖马车的马冒著气，马车伕们的大毡靴也不见了，行人道上外国女人的脚又从长统套鞋裡显现出来。笑声，见面打招呼声，又复活在行人道上。商店为著快快地传播春天的感觉，橱窗裡的花已经开了，草也绿了，那是佈置著公员的夏景。我看得很凝神的时候，有人撞了我一下，是汪林，她也戴著那洋小沿的帽子。

「天真暖啦！走路都有点热。」

看著她转过「商市街」，我们才来到另一家店舖，并不是买什麽，只是看看，同时晒晒太阳。这洋好的行人道，有树，也有椅子，坐在椅子上，把眼睛闭起，一切春的梦，春的谜，春的暖力„„这一切把自己完全陷进去。听著，听著吧！春在歌唱„„

「大爷，大奶奶„„帮帮吧！„„」这是什麽歌呢，从背后来的？这不是春天的歌吧！

那个叫化子嘴裡吃著个烂梨，一条腿和一只脚肿得把另一只显得好象不存在似的。

「我的腿冻坏啦！大爷，帮帮吧！唉唉„„！」

有谁还记得冬天？阳光这洋暖了！街树蹿著芽！

手风琴在隔道唱起来，这也不是春天的调，只要一看那个瞎人为著拉琴而挪歪的头，就觉得很残忍。瞎人他摸不到春天，他没有。坏了腿的人，他走不到春天，他有腿也等于无腿。

世界上这一些不幸的人，存在著也等于不存在，倒不如赶早把他们消灭掉，免得在春天他们会唱这洋难听的歌。

汪林在院心吸著一支烟卷，她又换一套衣裳。那是淡绿色的，和树枝发出的芽一洋的颜色。她腋下夹著一封信，看见我们，赶忙把信送进衣袋去。

「大概又是情书吧！」郎华随便说著玩笑话。

她跑进屋去了。香烟的烟缕在门外打了一下旋卷才消灭。

夜，春夜，中央大街充满了音乐的夜。流浪人的音乐，日本舞场的音乐，外国饭店的音乐„„七点钟以后。中央大街的中段，在一条横口，那个很响的扩音机哇哇地叫起来，这歌声差不多响撤全街。若站在商店的玻璃窗前，会疑心是从玻璃发著震响。一条完全在风雪裡寂寞的大街，今天第一次又号叫起来。

外国人！绅士洋的，流氓洋的，老婆子，少女们，跑了满街„„有的连起人排来封闭住商店的窗子，但这只限于年轻人。也有的同唱机一洋唱起来，但这也只限于年轻人。

这好象特有的年轻人的集会。他们和姑娘们一道说笑，和姑娘们连起排来走。中国人来混在这些卷髮人中间，少得只有七分之一，或八分之一。但是汪林在其中，我们又遇到她。她和另一个也和她同洋打扮漂亮的、白脸的女人同走„„卷髮的人用俄国话说她漂亮。她也用俄国话和他们笑了一阵。

中央大街的南端，人渐渐稀疏了。

牆根，转角，都发现著哀哭，老头子，孩子，母亲们„„哀哭著的是永久被人间遗弃的人们！那边，还望得见那边快乐的人群。还听得见那边快乐的声音。

三月，花还没有，人们嗅不到花香。

夜的街，树枝上嫩绿的芽子看不见，是冬天吧？是秋天吧？但快乐的人们，不问四季总是快乐；哀哭的人们，不问四季也总是哀哭！

两篇小学生作文

L．沁辑

同样是关于春游的记录，一篇是民国时期小学生的作文，一篇是当今小学6年级学生的作文，两者形成了鲜明的对比。

民国时期小学生的作文。

春郊游记

某月某日，校中放假。课余在家，殊无聊赖。闻街外有卖花之声，遂知春日已至。披衣出外，不觉步至山下，牧童三五，坐牛背上，吹笛唱歌。再前行，青山绿水，白鸟红花，杨柳垂绿，桃梅堆锦。仰望白云如絮，俯视碧草如毡见有茅亭，乃入座。未几，炊烟四起，红轮欲坠，乃步行而回。就灯下而记之。

当今小学6年级学生的作文

游越秀山公园

春节，我随家人来到了越秀公园„„我们来到五羊像前传说，一天，五个仙人骑着五只羊，带着麦穗来到广州，把麦穗分给人们，并教人们怎样种植。后来，仙人回到天上，留下了五只羊，之后羊就变成了石羊，从此这五只羊便成了广州的标志。

我爱越秀公园。

少年·少年

扎西拉姆·多多

少年

少年你仍然青涩如初吗？在我已经很斑驳的时候少年

少年你依旧纯然不动吗？在我漂泊了很久之后少年

少年你还相信美好吗？当我游走在这世道的窄口少年

你不能老去不能

你要坚强地留在岁月的岸上那些沉重的、流离的和虚妄的都让我一个人去经历吧而你

只需要穿着你的一身白衣让阳光照进你你要明媚地笑着等我满身风尘地回来认取

善良

渡源

巴西经典电影《中央车站》,曾经获得过四十多个国际电影节大奖。电影讲述了一位老妇人朵拉陪同一个孩子约书亚,去远方寻找他爸爸的故事。而我们今天要说的,是电影之外的故事。

年轻的电影导演沃尔特需要从巴西各地的小孩儿中挑选一位男主角。这天,他因事来到城市的一个车站,一个小男孩儿要为他擦皮鞋。他当时拒绝了这个孩子,于是,这个孩子问他能不能借给自己一些钱,好让他买个面包,等他擦鞋挣了钱,他一定会还给他。

这时他才发现，眼前的这个瘦弱的孩子,和自己想象中的电影男主角很相似。他给了孩子买面包的钱,并且告诉他,明天可以去他的工作室找他,不但有饭吃,还可以挣钱。

第二天,当他来到工作室的时候,却惊呆了,昨天擦鞋的小男孩不但自己来了,而且还带来了几乎车站所有擦鞋的孩子。

导演在这些孩子中间,发现有几个比昨天要给他擦鞋的孩子还机灵,似乎也更适合当这个电影的男主角。但是最后他还是决定让这个孩子来试试,因为他觉得他是个善良的人,而电影中的孩子,正是一个善良的人。

后来的故事就简单了,这部电影获得了巨大的成功,一个在车站擦皮鞋的孩子,就此走上了“星光大道”,成为巴西家喻户晓的明星文尼西斯。说句题外话,在巴西,最幸运的擦鞋匠并不是文尼西斯,而是另一个叫卢拉的孩子,成了巴西的总统。

第16篇：高中生发展报告适合班委

第五学期评语

你在学校期间严守校纪校规，尊敬师长，刻苦学习，学习工作之余还帮助其他同学，在班级里做了很好的模范带头作用，我为你优良的表现感到高兴。生活中你自立自强，不过分依赖他人。学习上独立自主，但又不忘记合作学习。作为班长，班级工作做的井井有条，使得班级同学积极团结；作为一名普通的同学，勤学好问，是老师的骄傲。望你能再接再厉，在学习生活中把自己的潜能发挥到极致，取得自己高中三年来最大的一次胜利！

第六学期评语

高三学年是人生学习生活中最为重要的一年，在这一年中，作为班长的你，处理好工作和学习的关系，不仅在班级工作中表现突出，而且在个人学习上，你把握住一分一秒时间，以勤奋和踏实取得了个人的突破，与同学互帮互助，相互关爱，你一次次突破了自己，特别是英语上，一次次的证明自己，不断给老师家长带来惊喜。希望你在将来的日子更加努力的全面发展自己，发扬优点，改正不足，努力提高学习成绩，继往开来，争取进步，用实际行动证明自己非凡的能力，迎来梦想中的春天！

高中生活经历与体会

三年的高中生活一晃而过，感触颇深，在这短暂而又漫长的时光里，一路坎坎坷坷，有欢声，有笑语，有成功的喜悦，失意的无奈，坚持的力量，孤独的无助，生活得充实。高中三年，无论是从知识上还是生活上都感觉自己有了很大的提高。学习上，积极主动，不懂就问，慢慢的有了很大的提高；工作上，作为班长，班级事务比较多，努力处理好学习和工作的关系，积极配合学校和班主任，带领班级获得很多荣誉。高中三年锻炼了自己的能力，在为人处事上学会了很多。感谢学校和老师的栽培。同时还收获了很多友谊，在我青春的画卷上又添上浓墨重彩的一笔。高中三年期间获得过好多荣誉，三好学生，优秀班干部，进步奖等等学校给与的奖励，这一方面肯定了我的付出，另一方面也是在鼓励我不断追求更好的自己。最喜欢的一句话就是“即使拿掉盔甲，也会像雄鹰般翱翔”。在这里，戒骄戒躁是我所学到的，永不言弃是我所体悟的，后来居上是我所追求的。这点点滴滴构筑了我高中生活的丝丝缕缕，他将是我生命中必将永远珍藏的财富。

班主任综合评价

你是一个上进心很强，热爱学习，关心生活的人。对待学习对待生活，你总有自己独特的见解，在这三年的，高中生活中，老师能够感觉到你在一点一滴的变化，一点一滴的进步，经常能看见你热心的关心和帮助同学，不计回报的献出自己的力量。你有很强的集体荣誉感，能为班级的利益着想。你不禁自己积极主动地学习，还带领着全班同学积极完成活动，认真学习。你领悟力强，为人诚朴，品行端正，温文尔雅，在学习中能主动求知主动探索，精神可嘉，在生活中自立自强，沉着稳定。在你人生的征途中，你一定要树立信心，没有翻不过的高山，没有越不过的大海，我相信，只要你有战胜自己的勇气，不气馁，不放弃，不言败，即使路途遥远，只要一步一个脚印，目标始终如一，你的理想一定能实现。

第17篇：适合高中生阅读的文章

大度读人冯骥才

一个人就是一本书。读人，比读其他文字写就的书更难。我认认真真地读，读了大半辈子，至今还没有读懂这本“人之书”。

有的人，在阳光明媚的日子里愿意把伞借给你，而下雨的时候，他却打着伞悄悄地先走了。

——你读他时，千万别埋怨他。因为他自己不愿意被雨淋着且是人家的雨伞，也不愿意分担别人的困难，你能说什么呢？还是自己常备一把伞吧。

有的人，在你有权势的时候，围着你团团转，而你离职了，或无权无势了，他却躲得远远的。

——你读他时，千万要理解他。因为他过去是为了某种需要而赞美你，现在你没有那种功力了，也就没有必要再为你吟唱什么赞美诗了。在此，你就需要静下心来，先想一下自己过去是否太轻信别人呢？

有的人，在面对你倾诉深情的时候，语言的表述像一条流淌的清亮甜美的大河，而在河床底下，却潜藏着一股污浊的暗流。

——你读他时，千万别憎恨他。因为凡是以虚伪为假面来欺骗别人的人，人前人后活得也挺艰难，弄不好还会被同类的虚伪所惩罚，你应该体谅他的这种人生方式，等待他的人性回归和自省吧。

有的人，在你辛勤播种的时候，他袖手旁观，不肯洒下一滴汗水，而当你收获的时候，他却毫无愧色地以各种理由来分享你的果实。

——你读他时，千万别反感。因为有人肯于你分享丰收的甜蜜，不管他怀着一种什么样的心理，都应该持欢迎的态度。你做出一点牺牲，却成全了一个人的业绩欲，慢慢地，会让他学会一些自尊和自爱。

有的人，注重外表的修饰，且穿着显示出一种华贵，而内心深处却充满着空虚，充满了无知和愚昧，那种文化的形态，常常不自觉地流露在他的言语行动中。

——你读他时，千万别鄙视他。因为他不懂得服装是裁缝师制作的，仅仅是货币的标志，而人的知识、品德和气质，却是一个人真正的人生价值。对于庸俗的人，你应及时对照一下自己的行为。

读别人，其实也是在读自己，读真、读善、读美的同时，也读道貌岸然背后的伪善，也读美丽背后的丑恶，也读微笑背后的狡诈„„

读人，最重要的是读懂怎样的人。

读人，是为了要做一个真正的人。

因此，读人时，要学会宽容，要学会大度，由此才能读到一些有益于自己的东西，才能读出高尚，才能读出欢乐，才能读出幸福。尽管我还没有读完这本“人之书”，但我会一直努力从各个方面去阅读。

1.阅读②—⑨段,请你分条列出“大度读人”中“大度”的具体表现。（4分）

（4分）答：①不埋怨别人,应自己承担;②多理解别人,应自我省识;③帮助不劳而获的人,促使其学会自尊、自爱; ④不鄙视华而不实的人,应善于对照,警示自己。

2.你是怎样理解作者所说的“读别人,其实也是在读自己”这句话的深刻含义的?（2分）（2分）答：“读别人,其实也是在读自己”这句话的意思是说,在看破或看透别人的不足的同时,也要对照自身、反省自我,以此警示自己不要犯同样的毛病,完善自己的人生观、价值观、审美观等,净化自己的灵魂,做一个拥有真、善、美的人。

3.读了这篇文章后,在对待人生方面你最深切的感受是什么?请概述。（3分）（3分）示例

答：读冯骥才先生的《大度读人》,我最深切的感触就是对自己的人生又有了新的认识:一个人原来可以这么轻松快乐地活着,有种突有所悟、豁然开朗的感觉,感觉人世间的那些恩怨,仿佛都变成了过眼烟云,从此好多事都不想再去计较。学会宽容,学会大度,做一个大度的人,宽容的人;学会面对逆境,抚平浮躁的心态;只要真诚,只要努力,生活定会阳光明媚。

老海棠树史铁生

①奶奶，和一棵老海棠树，在我的记忆里不能分开；好象她们从来就在一起

②老海棠树有两条粗壮的枝桠，弯曲如一把躺椅，小时候我常爬上去，一天一天地就在那儿玩。奶奶在树下喊：“下来，下来吧，你就这么一天到晚呆在上头不下来了？”是的，我在那儿看小人书，用弹弓向四处射击，甚至在那儿写作业。“饭也在上头吃吗？”对，在上头吃。奶奶把盛好的饭菜举过头顶，我两腿攀紧树桠，一个海底捞月把碗筷接上来。“觉呢，也在上头睡？”没错。四周是花香，是蜂鸣，春风拂面，是沾衣不染海棠的花雨。奶奶站在地上，站在屋前，老海棠树下，望着我„„

③春天，老海棠树摇动满树繁花，摇落一地雪似的花瓣。我记得奶奶坐在树下糊纸袋，不时地冲我叨唠：“就不下来帮帮我？你那小手儿糊得多快！”我在树上东一句西一句地唱歌。奶奶又说：“我求过你吗？这回活儿紧！”我说：“我爸我妈根本就不想让您糊那破玩艺儿，是您自己非要这么累！”奶奶于是不再吭声，直了直腰，又凝神糊她的纸袋。

④或者夏天，老海棠树枝繁叶茂，奶奶坐在树下的浓荫里，又不知从哪儿找来了补花的活儿，戴着老花镜，埋头于床单或被罩，一针一线地缝。天色暗下来时她冲我喊：“你就不能劳驾去洗洗菜？没见我忙不过来吗？”我跳下树，洗菜，胡乱一洗了事。奶奶生气了：“你们上班上学，就是这么胡弄？”奶奶把手里的活儿推开，一边重新洗菜一边说：“我就一辈子得给你们做饭？就不能有我自己的工作？”这回是我不再吭声。

⑤有年秋天，老海棠树照旧果实累累，落叶纷纷。那时我大些了，在外工作，从陕北回来看她，奶奶已经腰弯背驼。早晨，天还昏暗，奶奶就起来去扫院子，“唰啦唰啦”的声音把我惊醒，赶紧跑出去：“您歇着吧，我来，保证用不了三分钟。”可这回奶奶不要我帮：“你刚回来，去歇息着吧。”

⑥冬天，窗外，风中，老海棠树枯干的枝条敲打着屋檐，磨擦着窗棂。奶奶常常在灯下学习。她曾经读一本《扫盲识字课本》，再后是一字一句地念报纸上的头版新闻。那一回，奶奶举着一张报纸，小心地凑到我跟前：“这一段，你给我说说，到底什么意思？”我看也不看地就回答：“不知道。再说，您学那玩艺儿有用吗？”奶奶立刻不语，惟低头盯着那张报纸，半天半天目光都不移动。我的心一下子收紧，但知已无法弥补。“奶奶。”“奶奶！”“奶奶——”我记得她终于抬起头时，眼里竟无对我的责备。

⑦„„

⑧如今，奶奶已离我而去。而在我的梦里，我的祈祷中，老海棠树也便随之飘然而去，跟随着奶奶，陪伴着她，围拢着她；奶奶坐在满树的繁花中，满地的浓荫里，望着我，或不时地要我给她说说：“这一段到底是什么意思？”——这形象，逐年地定格成我的思念，和我永生的痛悔。

15 从第④段中找出与第⑤段画线句“可这回奶奶不要我帮”相照应的句子：＿＿＿＿（2分）

16 第②段写“我”在老海棠树上的活动，在文中的作用是＿＿＿＿（5分）

17 品读第⑥段画线部分“‘奶奶。’‘奶奶！’‘奶奶——’”，从语气角度分析“我”心理变化

的过程。

＿＿＿＿（6分）

18 从全文看，以“老海棠树”为标题的好处是＿＿＿＿（5分）

19 选择文中最触动你的一个场景，写一段80字左右的感想。（8分）

阅读答案： 15．（2分）你就不能劳驾去洗洗菜？ 16．（5分）内容上，表现“我”在老海棠树亡的快乐，借以反映奶奶对“我”的关心；结构上，为下文进‘步写“我”和奶奶的亲情作铺垫： 17．（6分）第一声陈述的语气写出“我”有—点不安，知道伤了奶奶的心；第二声感叹的语气写出“我”急于想得到奶奶的原谅；第三声无奈的语气写出“我”的哀求， 18．（5分）以老海棠树为线索，贯穿全文；含蓄、形象地表现了奶奶和“我”之间浓浓的祖孙情。 19 （8分）感点明确，围绕中心，理由充分，语言流畅，8分；感点明确，理由充分，语言通顺，7-6分；有感点，有理由，40字以上，5-4分；有感点，40字以下。3—1分。

第18篇：适合高中生阅读的杂志美文

一、适合高中生阅读的杂志

《美文》《散文诗》《萌芽》《读者》《意林》《青年文摘》

《杂文选刊》《课堂内外》《格言》《哲思》《意汇》《中学生阅读》.《作文与考试》

二、适合高中生阅读的散文

《心灵百合》，毕淑敏 2.《林清玄散文》，林清玄

《川端康成散文选》，川端康成 4.《先知》，(黎)纪伯伦著，冰心译《瓦尔登湖》，(美)索罗著，徐迟译 6.《灵魂独行》，周国平《各自朝圣的路》，周国平8.《缘缘堂随笔》，丰子恺《我与地坛》，史铁生 10.《我的精神家园》，王小波

11.《贾平凹散文选》

12、《我选择，我向往》，张炜

13.《蒙田随笔》，(法)蒙田 14.《周作人散文》，钱理群选编

15.《看世纪末向你起来》，《目送》龙应台

16.《收起落叶好过冬》，《像自由一样美丽》林达

18.《一个人的村庄》，刘亮程

19.《身后的田野》，一平20.《守望的距离》，周国平21.《文化苦旅》余秋雨

22.泰戈尔散文集 23.《张晓风散文》 24.《草叶集》（美国，惠特曼） 

《哭泣的骆驼》、25.三毛散文《撒哈拉的故事》、《雨季不再来》、《温柔的夜》、《梦里花落知多少》、26.韩静霆的《粉墨人生》中学生读名家

另外：

林语堂散文冰心散文席慕蓉散文沈从文散文张小娴散文



¥15.80

青山不老中学生读名家  

 

 ¥18.80

 

梁衡：把栏杆拍遍

第19篇：推荐一些适合高中生的学习方法

推荐一些适合高中生的学习方法

●作好吃苦准备

升入高一，学生要面对更概括、更抽象、更难于理解的课程学习，面对更激烈、更紧张的竞争环境，面对更长的在校时间和更远的往返路程，都要求新高一的同学要树立起一种学习意识、高考意识，做好承受压力、经受挫折、忍耐寂寞的心理准备。

●尽快适应新环境

高中阶段不仅所学知识深度、难度加大，而且新的学校、新的老师、新的同学会使人际环境较以前更复杂。尚未成年的孩子们面对新的环境往往目不暇接，难免产生种种心理困惑和矛盾冲突。

●学会自主学习

较之初中阶段，高中阶段学习难度、强度、容量加大，学习负担及压力明显加重，不能再依赖初中时期老师“填鸭式”的授课，“看管式”的自习，“命令式”的作业，要逐步培养自己主动获取知识、巩固知识的能力，制定学习计划，养成自主学习的好习惯。●寻找适合学习方法

初中学习方式以模仿和记忆为主，而高中则是以理解和应用为主，要求学生要有更强的分析、概括、综合、实践的能力，将基本概念、原理消化吸收，变成自己的东西。家长及高一新生要根据自己的条件，及高中阶段学科知识交叉多、综合性强，以及考查的知识和思维触点广的特点，找寻一套行之有效的学习方法。

●重新自我定位

新生入学前，首先要过好心理关，到了一流学校的学生，以前在初中都是班里的佼佼者，现在进入一个新集体，一旦成绩有所波动，也要认识到是正常现象，不要对自己失去信心。如果是去了不太理想的学校，也不应该灰心，争取尽快成为班级甚至年级的“领跑者”。进入高中后，很多新生有这样的心理落差，比自己成绩优秀的大有人在，很少有人注意到自己的存在，心理因此失衡，这是正常心理，但是应尽快进入学习状态。记住，进入高中，大家站在同一起跑线上，有3年的时间足以不断提高成绩。因此，家长要使孩子明白强中自有强中手的道理，要帮助孩子客观分析自己的长处和短处，给予自己正确评价，并激励孩子不断向目标努力。

到高中不会听课怎么办

一位即将迈进高中校园的同学忧虑地说道：“听说很多学生都不能适应高中的学习生活，成绩退步很快，我不知道自己现在能做什么？”

为此，记者随机采访了数十位今年参加高考或者即将升入高三的学子，他们都反映：高一时曾感到又着急、又无从下手，不知道该怎样听课，进而由于不知道如何听课，引起脾气暴躁、情绪低落等一系列问题。今年以513分被上海财大录取的孙同学，在初中时成绩相当不错，可进入高一后成绩几乎滑到了“谷底”。她说：“那时候，那些平时看起来不怎么努力的同学都比自己考得好，每天上课都强迫自己专心再专心，可在课堂上好像什么都听懂了，回去做题稍难点的就不会做了，简直不知道该怎么办。读了快十年的书还不会听课，说来也许很多人都不相信。”

陆老师建议：要解决这个问题既需要老师耐心地训练，学生应该多选择合适的机会、渠道和任课老师进行沟通，让他们了解你们所想的，以便能更好地进行教学；另一方面，学生还要正确认识自己，相信自己不比别人差，要明白自己感到不太适应，别的同学也是由初中升上来的，也会有同样的感觉，给自己信心。

高一的学习计划

与初中相比，高中的学习有一些新的特点：①知识量大；②学科内容深，学科知识的抽象概括性强，需要掌握大量的科学概念、公式、定理、定律；③综合性、系统性强，要理解或解决一个问题，往往需要综合运用各学科知识。

高中生每天要学的内容很多，如果不分先后顺序和轻重缓急，就会手忙脚乱、丢三落四，本来能学好的东西也学不好，这就需要制定一个学习计划，每天运用计划促进学习目标的实现，磨炼意志力，养成良好的学习习惯并且提高学习效率，减少时间浪费。

每个同学的具体情况不同，学习计划也应该因人而异，但在制定计划时应注意以下几点：黄金时间来记忆

同学们应该抓住记忆效果最佳的时间段来安排记忆，提高效率。一般而言，早上6：00–7：00头脑清醒，记忆效果比较好，上午、下午都有课程安排学习比较紧张，中午休息30–50分钟可以缓解疲劳，以便下午有充沛的精力学习。而每天如果不能保证7–8小时睡眠，记忆效果也会降低。

尊重自己生物钟

由于生理条件和生活环境、习惯的不同，人们的生活节律和最佳感觉也往往不尽相同。有的人的学习最佳时间在上午，有的人在下午，还有的同学感觉晚上学习效率最高。在了解了自己的最佳学习时段之后，按照它来安排自己的学习和休息。将最重要的事情放在最佳感觉时间去做，就会取得事半功倍的效果。

学习要有时间限制

为了提高效率，在制定计划时，要适当给自己“压力”，对每一科目的预习和复习要做到三限制：即限定时间、限定速度、限定准确率。这种目标明确，有压力的学习，可以使注意力高度集中，提高复习效率。同时，每学习完一部分时，都有一种轻松感、愉悦感，会更充满信心地复习下去。

对照计划反省

计划一旦制定，就要雷打不动地完成，如有完不成的，也应立即在次日加倍补上。如：反省自己，当天的计划完成了没有，明天先干什么？再干什么？如果完成的好时可奖励自己一次；如果完成的不好时可惩罚自己一次。这样做，既有约束力又有可操作性，每天都会感到在进步。一段时间后，还应该根据自己的学习情况，对计划做出进一步完善，使其更好地促进学习。

公开学习计划

少数高中生缺乏自我约束能力，这样的同学在制定学习计划后，最好向家长、老师或者同学宣布。这样做一方面会起到监督作用，也会起到一个强迫约束效果，当自己不能坚持时，马上就会想到：“是否别人会笑话自己意志薄弱”或者“太没出息了”，因此就能坚持到底，“无论如何，一定要坚持实行自己的计划”。

高中生应该养成的九大学习习惯

高中学习是一个系统的过程，它不像初中的课程，可以凭借小聪明在考试前突击一下就把成绩提上去，对于难度更大、覆盖面更广的高中内容来说，预习、听课、复习、作业、笔记等等都是必不可少的环节，不但这样，还有一些习惯性的做法需要培养，高中生应当尽早养成良好的学习习惯，按部就班地跟着课程进度学习。

1、认真预习的习惯

很多同学只重视课堂上认真听讲，课后完成作业，而忽视课前预习,有的同学根本没有预习，其中最主要的原因不是因为没有时间，而是因为没有认识到期预习的重要性。

那么预习有什么样好处呢？课前预习也是学习的重要环节，预习可以扫除课堂学习的知识障碍，提高听课效果；还能够复习、巩固已学的知识，最重要的是能发展学生的自学能力，减少对老师的依赖，增强独立性；预习可以加强记课堂笔记的针对性，改变学习的被动局面。在预习时，要做到：了解教材的大概内容与前面已学的知识框架；找出本章或本课内容与前面已学知识的联系，找出所需的旧知识，并补习此时的知识；找出本课的难点和重点（作为听课的重点）；对重点问题和自己不理解的问题，用笔划或记入预习笔记。

2、专心听课的习惯

如果课前没有一个“必须当堂掌握”的决心，会直接影响到听讲的效果，如果在每节课前，学生都能自觉要求自己“必须当堂掌握”，那么上课的效率一定会大大提高。实际上，有相当多的学生认为，上课听不懂没有关系，反正有书，课下可以看书。抱有这种想法的学生，听课时往往不求甚解，或者稍遇听课障碍，就不想听了，结果浪费了上课的宝贵时间，增加了课下的学习负担，这大概正是一部分学生学习负担的重要原因。

集中注意力听课是非常重要的，心理学告诉我们注意是心理活动对一定对象的指向和集中，它是心理过程的动力特征。注意的指向性，可使人的心理活动在每一瞬间都能有选择的反映事物；注意的集中性，可使事物在人脑中获得清晰和深刻的反映。正因为注意拥有指向性和集中性两个重要的特征，所以，注意具有选择、保持以及对活动的调节和监督的功能。思路就是思考问题的线索。上课听讲一定要理清思路。要把老师在讲课时运用的思维形式、思维规律和思维方法理解清楚。目的是向老师学习如何科学地思考问题，以便使自己思维能力的发展建立在科学的基础上，使知识的领会进入更高级的境界。分心是注意的反面，分心不是没有注意，只是没有把注意指向和集中在当前的学习任务上，心不在焉，必定“视而不见、听而不闻、食而不知其味”。

3、及时复习的习惯

及时复习的优点在于可加深和巩固对学习内容的理解，防止通常在学习后发生的急速遗忘。根据遗忘曲线，识记后的两三天，遗忘速度最快，然后逐渐缓慢下来。因此，对刚学过的知识，应及时复习。随着记忆巩固程度的提高，复习次数可以逐渐减少，间隔的时间可以逐渐加长。要及时“趁热打铁”，学过即习，方为及时。忌在学习之后很久才去复习。这样，所学知识会遗忘殆尽，就等于重新学习。

俗话说“温故而知新”，就是说，复习过去的知识能得到很多新的收获。这个“新”主要指的是知识达到了系统化的水平，达到了融会贯通的新水平。首先，知识的系统化，是指对知识的掌握达到了一个更高的境界，也就是从整体、全局或联系中去掌握具体的概念和原理,使所学的概念和原理回到知识系统中的应用位置上去。其次，知识的系统化,能把多而杂的知识变得少而精，从而完成书本知识由“厚”到“薄”的转化过程。系统化的知识，容量大,既好记又好用。最后，系统化的知识有利于记忆。道理很简单,孤立的事物容易忘记，而联系着的事物就不容易忘记。想搞好知识的系统化，一要靠平时把概念和原理学好,为建造“知识大厦”备好料；二要肯于坚持艰苦的思考。思想懒汉,逃避艰苦思考的人,是不可能真正掌握好知识的；三要学会科学地思维。

4、独立完成作业的习惯

明确做作业是为了及时检查学习的效果，经过预习、上课、课后复习，知识究竟有没有领会，有没有记住，记到什么程度，知识能否应用，应用的能力有多强，这些学习效果问题，单凭自我感受是不准确的。真正懂没懂，记住没记住，会不会应用，要在做作业时通过对知识的应用才能得到及时的检验。做作业可以加深对知识的理解和记忆；实际上，不少学生正是通过做作业，把容易混淆的概念区别开来，对事物之间的关系了解得更清楚，公式的变换更灵活。可以说做作业促进了知识的“消化”过程，使知识的掌握进入到应用的高级阶段。做作业可以提高思维能力；面对作业中出现的问题，就会引起积极的思考，在分析和解决问题的过程中，不仅使新学的知识得到了应用，面且得到了“思维的锻炼”，使思维能力在解答作业问题的过程中，迅速得到提高。做作业可以为复习积累资料；作业题一般都是经过精选的，有很强的代表性、典型性。因此就是做过的习题也不应一扔了事，而应当定期进行分类整理，作为复习时的参考资料。

5、练后反思的习惯

在读书和学习过程中，尤其是复习备考过程中，每个同学都进行过强度较大的练习，但做完题目并非大功告成，重要的在于将知识引申、扩展、深化，因此，反思是解题之后的重要环节。一般说来，习题做完之后，要从五个层次反思：

1、怎样做出来的？想解题采用的方法；

2、为什么这样做？想解题依据的原理；

3、为什么想到这种方法？想解题的思路；

4、有无其

它方法？哪种方法更好？想多种途径，培养求异思维；

5、能否变通一下而变成另一习题？想一题多变，促使思维发散。当然，如果发生错解，更应进行反思：错解根源是什么？解答同类试题应注意哪些事项？如何克服常犯错误？“吃一堑，长一智”，不断完善自己。应当培养的优良习惯还有许多，诸如有疑必问的习惯，有错必改的习惯，动手实验习惯，查找工具书的习惯，健康上网、积极探究的习惯等等。从课堂学习的过程看，还有认真预习、专心听课、及时复习、独立完成作业、积极应考等好习惯。

6、积极应考的习惯

从学生的角度讲，考试的结果直接关系到对自己的评价，也关系到自己的切身利益。从学校的角度讲，老师为了检查教和学的近期效果,以便对教学进行及时的调整，为了推动学生的系统复习，提高学生自学能力,也把考试作为学校的一项重要工作来抓。学校在考试复习前进行动员，考试时讲考场要求,设置考场,安排监考老师等等，形成了一定的紧张气氛。

为什么有的同学在考试时考不出应有的水平呢？这涉及到临考准备、临考发挥、考后分析等一系列问题,其中决定性的因素一般有三个：一个是学习因素，即知识能力的水平；一个是心理因素，即情绪、意志等状况；一个是方法因素，即会不会应考的问题。

应该如何应考呢？首先，对参加考试要有一种积极的态度，不要给自己再施加压力。临考前，不要去想考试成败将会给自己带来什么后果，尤其不夸大考试成败的影响，要想好万一考不好的“对策”，对自己的期望要实事求是；正确对待外来的压力。其次，考试前要休息好。临考前要减轻学习负担，要保证充分的睡眠，要适当进行文体活动，要保证身体键康。再次，在考试过程中，注意答卷顺序，按先易后难的答卷法，审题要认真，想不起来，先放一放，做好后要仔细检查,更正错误。

7、阅读自学习惯

自学是获取知识的主要途径。就学习过程而言，教师只是引路人，学生是学习的真正主体，学习中的大量问题，主要靠自己去解决。阅读是自学的一种主要形式，通过阅读教科书，可以独立领会知识，把握概念本质内涵，分析知识前后联系，反复推敲，理解教材，深化知识，形成能力。学习层次越高，自学的意义越重要，目前我国的高考为选拔有学习潜能的学生，对考生的自学能力有较高的要求。

8、观察的习惯

对客观事物的观察，是获取知识最基本的途径，也是认识客观事物的基本环节，因此，观察被称为学习的“门户”和打开智慧的“天窗”。每一位同学都应当学会观察，逐步养成观察意识，学会恰当的观察方法，养成良好的观察习惯，培养敏锐的观察能力。“观察”这两个字有两层意思，“观”是看的意思，“察”是想的意思，看了不想，不是真正的观察，对认识客观事物毫无意义。要做到观察和思考有机结合，通过大脑进行信息加工，总结出事物的一般规律和特征。

9、切磋琢磨的习惯

《学记》上讲“独学而无友，则孤陋而寡闻。”同学之间的学习交流和思想交流是十分重要的，遇到问题要互帮互学，展开讨论。每一个人都必须努力吸取别人的优点，弥补自己的不足，像蜜蜂似的，不断吸取群芳精华，经过反复加工，酿造知识蜂蜜。

有志者事竟成苦心人天不负

第20篇：适合高中生朗诵的诗歌是什么

朗诵，指清清楚楚的高声诵读，就是把文字作品转化为有声语言的创作活动。小编整理的适合高中生朗诵的诗歌，供参考！

适合高中生朗诵的诗歌

1暖风吹过的季节，天空清澈如洗

柳絮漫天飞舞，飘落在悄然萌动的大地

年轻的生命在土壤里蠕动

勃发的乐曲在心里流淌

年轻的你我，拥有不变的誓言

年轻的你我将坚定的目光投向更远的地方

起跑线上，

出发的那一刻起，注定你我要追着东升的朝阳

刚毅、自信的脸庞，在等待胜利的曙光

紧握住那一滴汗水，任泪水在脸上流淌

只为掌声响起那一刻的到来

青春无悔，既然选择了蓝天，也就选择了飞翔，

哪怕有一天会有一双滴血的翅膀

既然选择了拼搏，也就选择了风雨

哪怕会有荆棘丛生在未来的路上

青春，从你我选择了以后便定格了人生的航向

青春，从你我选择了以后便注定了奋斗而无常

青春，从你我选择了以后便迎来了风雨兼程

青春，从你我选择了以后便变得绚丽二辉煌

看，跳动的火焰正是青春的怒放

听，欢跃的脚步正是青春追逐梦想的音响

热血在青春的躯体里不知疲倦

激情在青春的肢体上刚劲而轻盈

让你我高唱青春的赞歌

一路欢声一路歌唱追逐梦想奔向远方

适合高中生朗诵的诗歌2

你我有两个世界

一个是梦想

另一个是现实

梦想的翅膀总是轻盈的

有无穷尽的幸福与满足

你我可以驾驭轻快的翅膀

任天空遨游，任自我高唱

现实的脚步总是残忍的

有无休止的痛苦与烦恼

你我只能放慢沉重的脚步

任大地践踏，任自我低吟

人们在梦想与现实中徘徊

不知是梦想创造现实

还是现实摧残梦想那年冬天我迈开了脚步

虽然不知会僵硬在何方

但还是迈出了第一步

别无他求

只想找到一点温暖

来融化冰凉的心

今年冬天我寻找足迹

虽然身后有一串串深深的脚印

却不知哪是我的

没有目的

只想知道哪是我前进的路

来延续我的脚步

明天应该是灿烂的

我肯定

昨天和今天我都在抗击风雨

风雨之后应该是彩虹

明天应该是辉煌的

我坚信

昨天和今天我都在赶路

赶在日出时分是最美的

明天应该是我的出现

我保证

昨天和今天我就有所准备

准备我人生中的每一刻

适合高中生朗诵的诗歌3

我是天空里的一片云，

偶尔投影在你的波心——

你不必讶异，

更无须欢喜——

在转瞬间消灭了踪影。

你我相逢在黑夜的海上，

你有你的，我有我的，方向；

你记得也好，

最好你忘掉

在这交会时互放的光亮！

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