初中英语

2020-03-03 23:21:05 来源:范文大全收藏下载本文

初中英语写作策略指导与实践

第一部分 应用文

应用文是人们日常生活或工作中经常使用的文体,包括书信、通知、便条、启事等。其语言重在实用,要求朴实、准确、简洁。

应用文在实践中逐渐形成了各自的格式,且各种格式都有一定的规范。掌握应用文的基本结构和特点是学生应该具备的基本功之一。

第一节书信

书信是人们在日常生活、学习、工作和公务活动中应用最为广泛的有一定惯用格式的应用文,是个人与个人之间、个人与组织之间、组织与组织之间交流思想感情、传递意见要求、传播信息的书面形式。

同其它类应用文一样,书信具有实用性强、格式固定、使用广泛等特点。

由于文化背景与习俗的不同,英文书信与中文书信在书写格式上有较大差异,需特别注意。

书信的写法应注意三大部分。

一、信封的格式

在信封正面的中间略偏右的地方写收信人的地址,注意要先写收信人的姓名,再从小到大写上收信人的地址,寄信人的地址则按从小到大的顺序写在信封的左上角,或者是写在信封的背面。格式如下所示:

二、书信的格式

书信分为正式信件(公务性信件和商务性信件)和非正式信件(家人、朋友之间的信件)两种。常见的书信格式如下图所示:

三、正文的写法

1.信头(Heading):信头是指写信人的地址及日期,位于信笺的右上方,距信纸的顶头约一英寸。顺序是先写地址,后写日期。地址由小写到大,即门牌号→街名→城市→省份→国名,由小到大的顺序书写。如“江西省万载县康乐镇田下路159号”,英文写法是:159 Tianxia Road, Kangle Town, Wanzai County, Jiangxi Province;日期可按“日—月—年”的顺序或“月—日—年”的顺序写。

2.信内地址(Inside Addre):它是指收信人的姓名和地址,写在信笺的左上方,稍低于信头一至二行,在称呼语上方。顺序是先写收信人姓名,后写职务,再写地址(由小到大)。商业往来信件及公函必须写信头和信内地址。但亲友、熟人之间的信可不写信内地址,信头处只写发信日期。

3.称呼(Greeting):收信人的称呼,写在信纸的左边,低于信内地址。

4.书信的正文(Body):是写信者所要说的话,正文信的内容,从左向右横写,低于称呼语,常在缩进

四、五个字母处起笔。写信与写文章一样,要分段写,每段有一个中心思想,内容要表达清楚,语言要简单明了,态度要诚恳礼貌。给亲友的信还应亲切热情。考试时必须把规定的内容写清楚。正文结束时,还可写一两句表达心愿的话,如:Best wishes to you /Remember me to your family /Hoping to hear from you soon等。

5.结束语(Closing):发信人表示自己对收信人的一种客套称呼,写在书信正文结尾下面低两行的位置上。一般它均从正中或偏右处写起。结束语的第一个字母必须大写,后面须加上逗号。收信人与写信人之间是朋友关系时常用:Yours,/Yours ever,/Ever yours,/Always(Sincerely) yours, 等等。

6.签名(Signature):发信人自己的姓名,写在结束语的下面一行。可与结束语齐头或略向右靠一点儿。

在这里给大家介绍一些关于书信的开头和结尾的写法:

A.开头语

1.Thank you for your letter of September 1.

2.Many thanks for your kind letter which reached me yesterday.

3.You letter come to me this morning.

4.I was delighted to receive your letter.

5.I am in receipt of your letter.

6.It’s a long time since I saw your last.

7.I have been miing you a lot since we met last time.

8.I am sorry for not writing to you sooner.

9.I am writing to you tell that ……

10.I often think of you.How are you recently?

B.结束语

1.Good luck!

2.Best wishes!

3.Take care of yourself, will you?

4.Send my love to your…

5.Please write to me when you have time.

6.Please write soon.

7.Let’s keep in touch.

8.I am looking forward to your next letter soon.

9.Thank you for an early reply.

10.Please tell me if you need my help.

[实例点评]

请按以下提示给美国总统写一封信。提示:

1.你是一个中国学生,对美国攻打伊拉克很关注。

2.战争已经持续十多天了。这些天来,大约二十万美、英士兵一直在攻击伊拉克(Iraq) 。到目前为止,已经有很多房屋被摧毁(destroy) ,数以百计的平民

(civilians) 在战争中被打死。伊拉克的儿童不能安静地上学,甚至连吃的都没有。

3.希望美、英立刻停止战争,让伊拉克人民能重新过上平静的生活,让伊拉克的儿童重新回到课堂。

[写作指导]

1.这是一封写给美国总统呼吁停止战争的信。措词要恰当。要以学生身份去写。

2.一些关键词:last 持续, two hundred thousand 二十万,be killed 被打死,live a…life 过着……生活,care about 关注。

3.要正确使用被动语态。

[参考范文]

No.28 Middle School

Yangzhou

April 8, 2005

Dear Mr President Bush,

I am a student from China.All my clamates and I are caring about the war between your country and Iraq.

So far, the war has lasted about ten days.During these days, about two hundred thousand soldiers from your country and Britain have kept attacking Iraq.Many houses have been destroyed.Hundreds of civilians have been killed in the war.What’s worse, the children in Iraq couldn’t go to school like the children in your country and all of us.They even have no food to eat.

Mr President Bush, will you please stop the war at once? Let the people in Iraq live a quiet life and let the children go back to their schools, will you?

Love,

Li Lei

[强化训练]

1.假如你叫Li Ming, 中学生,经常收听音乐节目,请你用英语给节目主持人写一封信。信的要点如下:(1)你很喜欢这个节目,特别是英语歌曲;(2)学习很疲劳时,你会打开收音机,听这个节目;(3)从英语歌里你学了很多单词;你最喜欢“Take Me to Your Heart”这首歌,希望得到歌词(the words of a song)。

注意:信要通顺连贯;词数70左右。信的开头和结尾已为你写好,不计入总词数。

2.假定你叫周海,家住江西省南昌市北京西路 153号,你刚收到好友张辉8月15日的来信。他说对英语学习失去了信心,准备放弃,你很吃惊。现请你给他复信,劝他继续学习,并告诉他英语是一门重要学科,要有克服困难的意志,要有好的学习方法。写信时间为8月 20日,词数100左右。

[参考范文]

1.

No.28 Middle School

Suzhou

April 8, 2005

Dear Mr Liu,

I’m a middle school student.In my spare time, I’d love to listen to the radio,

especially the programme you present.When I am tired, I usually turn on my radio to relax.I enjoy the English songs in the programme most.From the songs, I learn new words.It is helpful in my English study.

I was wondering whether you could help me find the words of the song Take Me to Your Heart, as it is one of my favourites.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

2.

153 Beijing West Road

Nanchang, Jiangxi

August 20, 2005

Dear Zhang Hui,

I have received your letter of August 15.I’m surprised to learn that you have lost heart in your English and that you want to give it up.

In my opinion, English is an important subject for us middle school students.It’s wrong for you to give it up.I hope you’ll go on studying English.You should have more confidence and when you are learning a language you will make mistakes, this is part of learning.Where there is a will, there is a way.Besides, you must develop a good way of learning.If you have any questions, please don’t hesitate to ask your teacher for help.I’m sure you’ll make great progre in your English very soon.Yours,

Zhou Hai

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