TED演讲

Joe Sabia: The technology of storytelling Ladies and gentlemen, gather around.I would love to share with you a story.Once upon a time in 19th century Germany, there was the book.Now during this time, the book was the king of storytelling.It was venerable.It was ubiquitous.But it was a little bit boring.Because in its 400 years of existence, storytellers never evolved the book as a storytelling device.But then one author arrived, and he changed the game forever.His name was Lothar, Lothar Meggendorfer.Lothar Meggendorfer put his foot down, and he said, "Genug ist genug!" He grabbed his pen, he snatched his sciors.This man refused to fold to the conventions of normalcy and just decided to fold.History would know Lothar Meggendorfer as -- who else? -- the world's first true inventor of the children's pop-up book.For this delight and for this wonder, people rejoiced.They were happy because the story survived, and that the world would keep on spinning.

Lothar Meggendorfer wasn't the first to evolve the way a story was told, and he certainly wasn't the last.Whether storytellers realized it or not, they were channeling Meggendorfer's spirit when they moved opera to vaudville, radio news to radio theater, film to film in motion to film in sound, color, 3D,on VHS and on DVD.There seemed to be no cure for this Meggendorferitis.

And things got a lot more fun when the Internet came around.Because, not only could people broadcast their stories throughout the world, but they could do so using what seemed to be an infinite amount of devices.For example, one company would tell a story of love through its very own search engine.One Taiwanese production studio would interpret American politics in 3D.And one man would tell the stories of his father by using a platform called Twitter to communicate the excrement his father would gesticulate.

And after all this, everyone paused; they took a step back.They realized that, in 6,000 years of storytelling, they've gone from depicting hunting on cave walls to depicting Shakespeare on Facebook walls.And this was a cause for celebration.The art of storytelling has remained unchanged.And for the most part, the stories are recycled.But the way that humans tell the stories has always evolved with pure, consistent novelty.

And they remembered a man, one amazing German, every time a new storytelling device popped up next.And for that, the audience -- the lovely, beautiful audience -- would live happily ever after.

译文：

先生们女士们，大家都围坐过来，让我来给你们讲个故事。

很久很久以前 19世纪的德国，有本书。那时候，这是故事书中的王者，故事书很珍贵， 但又无处不在 ，又有点无趣。因为在有故事书的四百年里，讲故事的人们从来没有改良故事书作为辅助设备。后来有个作家，他永远地改写了历史 。 他叫罗萨，罗萨･梅根多尔弗尔。罗萨･梅根多尔弗尔下了决心，他说：“我受够了！” 他抓起笔， 抄起剪刀 。他决意不走寻常路。他折起了纸。历史上的罗萨･梅根多尔弗尔作为什么人被记载下来？ 世界上第一个为孩子发明立体书的人。人们享受着这喜悦和惊奇。他们很高兴故事保存下来，世界继续转动。

罗萨･梅根多尔弗尔不是第一个改进讲故事方法的人。也不会是最后一个。不管讲故事的人是否意识到，当他们从歌剧到杂技，从电台新闻到电台剧院，从影像到电影，到有声电影，彩色电影和3D电影，从家用录像到DVD，他们都是在传承梅根多尔弗尔的精神。没有什么能阻止梅根多尔弗尔的精神。

互联网的问世则带来了更多的乐趣。因为人们不但可以向世界讲述他们的故事，而且可以利用各种各样的设备来讲故事。比如有个公司通过它的搜索引擎，讲述一个爱情故事。一个台湾工作室把美国政治做成3D动画。 有个人通过一个叫做推特的平台，讲述他父亲的故事，分享他父亲说的无用废话。

在有了这一切之后，人们停下脚步，回望过去。他们意识到在六千年讲故事的历史中，他们从在洞穴墙壁上画狩猎图，到在脸书的涂鸦墙上诠释莎士比亚。这是让我们庆祝的原因。讲故事的艺术没有改变，大部分故事流传下来但是人们讲故事的方法已经通过不断创新，不停地改进。

人们会记住一个人，一个伟大的德国人。每一次一个新的讲故事的设备问世，都会想起他。由此观众们，可爱美丽的观众们，也从此永远幸福快乐地生活在一起。

Richard St.John: 8 secrets of succe

This is really a two-hour presentation I give to high school students, cut down to three minutes.And it all started one day on a plane, on my way to TED, seven years ago.And in the seat next to me was a high school student, a teenager, and she came from a really poor family.And she wanted to make something of her life, and she asked me a simple little question.She said, "What leads to succe?"And I felt really badly, because I couldn't give her a good answer.So I get off the plane, and I come to TED.And I think, jeez, I'm in the middle of a room of succeful people! So why don't I ask them what helped them succeed, and pa it on to kids? So here we are, seven years, 500 interviews later, and I'm going to tell you what really leads to succe and makes TEDsters tick.And the first thing is paion.Freeman Thomas says, "I'm driven by my paion." TEDsters do it for love; they don't do it for money.Carol Coletta says, "I would pay someone to do what I do." And the interesting thing is: if you do it for love, the money comes anyway.Work! Rupert Murdoch said to me, "It's all hard work.Nothing comes easily.But I have a lot of fun." Did he say fun? Rupert? Yes! TEDsters do have fun working.And they work hard.I figured, they're not workaholics.They're workafrolics. Good! Alex Garden says, "To be succeful, put your nose down in something and get damn good at it."There's no magic; it's practice, practice, practice.And it's focus.Norman Jewison said to me, "I think it all has to do with focusing yourself on one thing." And push! David Gallo says, "Push yourself.Physically, mentally, you've got to push, push, push."You've got to push through shyne and self-doubt.Goldie Hawn says, "I always had self-doubts.I wasn't good enough; I wasn't smart enough.I didn't think I'd make it." Now it's not always easy to push yourself, and that's why they invented mothers.Frank Gehry said to me, "My mother pushed me." Serve! Sherwin Nuland says, "It was a privilege to serve as a doctor." A lot of kids want to be millionaires.The first thing I say is: "OK, well you can't serve yourself; you've got to serve others something of value.Because that's the way people really get rich." Ideas! TEDster Bill Gates says, "I had an idea: founding the first micro-computer software company."I'd say it was a pretty good idea.And there's no magic to creativity in coming up with ideas -- it's just doing some very simple things.And I give lots of evidence.Persist! Joe Kraus says, "Persistence is the number one reason for our succe." You've got to persist through failure.You've got to persist through crap! Which of course means "Criticism, Rejection, Aholes and Preure." So, the answer to this question is simple: Pay 4,000 bucks and come to TED.Or failing that, do the eight things -- and trust me, these are the big eight things that lead to succe.Thank you TEDsters for all your interviews! 译文：

这真的是一个我给高中学生做的2个小时的演讲，现在缩到了3分钟。所有的一切都是从7年前的一天开始， 我坐在飞往TED会议的飞机上。 在我邻座坐的是一个高中生，一个十几岁的年轻人。 她生于一个贫穷的家庭而且她的愿望是成就一番事业。所以她问了我一个简单的小问题。 她说：“怎样做才能成功呢？” 我当时觉得糟透了。因为我不能给她一个满意的答案。后来我下了飞机，来到TED 忽然间我想到，天啊，我置身于一屋子成功人士之中！为什么我不问问他们是怎样走向成功的呢。 这样我就可以把答案告诉孩子们了。 所以就这样，7年中我坐了500次采访。 现在我就要告诉你们是什么带来了成功。是什么启发了TED演讲者们。 第一点是激情。 Freeman Thomas说：“我总是被我的热情所牵引着”。 TED的讲演者因为有爱才做事情，不是为了钱。 Carol Colletta 说：“我会付给别人钱去做我的工作。”有趣的是如果你是为了爱而做的，钱自然而然就来了。 刻苦！Rupert Murdoch曾经告诉过我“都是刻苦“为努力” “天下没有白吃的午餐。但是我得到了很多乐趣。”他提到了乐趣？？Rupert？是的！TED讲演者都有一份充满乐趣的工作，而且他们都很刻苦。我觉得，他们都不是工作狂，他们是享受工作狂。 精通！Alex Garden说：”要想成功，就要真的深入其中““然后做到精通。” 想要做到精通没有秘诀，就是练习，练习，再练习。 还有就是专注。Norman Jewison 告诉过我， “我想成功就要使自己专注于一件事情” 强迫！David Gallo说：“强迫你自己，” “心灵上，神情上。你一定要强迫，强迫，强迫。” “你要强迫自己去战胜羞涩和自我怀疑” Goldie Hawn说：“我总是怀疑自己。 怀疑自己不够优秀，不用聪明。 我从不相信我会成功。” 想要成功地强迫自己并不总容易， 这就是为什么要发明妈妈。 Frank Gehry-Frank Gehry对我说： "我妈妈过去总是督促我。" 服务！Sherwin Nuland说：“能够作为一名医生为他人服务是一种荣幸。” 现在很多孩子告诉我他们想成为百万富翁。 但是一件事我对他们说的是， “好的，但是你不能为你自己服务，” “你需要为他人提供对他人有利的服务。” ”因为这就是人们致富的方式。“ 点子。TED演讲者 Bill Gates 说：”我曾经有过一个点子，“ ”成立第一个微机软件公司。“ 我必须承认这真的是很好的一个点子。 对于能想出点子的创造力来讲没有什么魔力可言。 都是些简单平常的事情。 而且我可以举出很多证据。 坚持。Joe Kraus说 “恒心是我们成功地第一条原因。” “你必须坚持度过失败，你必须坚持度过crap”。 ”这里的crap是指”批评，拒绝，卑鄙小人和压力“。 所以，这个问题的答案很简单： 付4000块来TED会场。 如果不能来，就做到以上八点---相信我， 这重要的八点就是通向成功的秘诀。 谢谢TED讲演者参与我的采访！

Siegfried Woldhek: The search for the true face of Leonardo Good morning.Let's look for a minute at the greatest icon of all, Leonardo da Vinci.We're all familiar with his fantastic work -- his drawings, his paintings, his inventions, his writings.But we do not know his face.Thousands of books have been written about him, but there's controversy, and it remains, about his looks.Even this well-known portrait is not accepted by many art historians.So, what do you think? Is this the face of Leonardo da Vinci or isn't it? Let's find out.Leonardo was a man that drew everything around him.He drew people, anatomy, plants, animals, landscapes, buildings, water, everything.But no faces? I find that hard to believe.His contemporaries made faces, like the ones you see here -- en face or three-quarters.So, surely a paionate drawer like Leonardo must have made self-portraits from time to time.So let's try to find them.I think that if we were to scan all of his work and look for self-portraits, we would find his face looking at us.So I looked at all of his drawings, more than 700, and looked for male portraits.There are about 120, you see them here.Which ones of these could be self-portraits? Well, for that they have to be done as we just saw, en face or three-quarters.So we can eliminate all the profiles.It also has to be sufficiently detailed.So we can also eliminate the ones that are very vague or very stylized.And we know from his contemporaries that Leonardo was a very handsome, even beautiful man.So we can also eliminate the ugly ones or the caricatures.

And look what happens -- only three candidates remain that fit the bill.And here they are.Yes, indeed, the old man is there, as is this famous pen drawing of the Homo Vitruvianus.And lastly, the only portrait of a male that Leonardo painted, "The Musician." Before we go into these faces, I should explain why I have some right to talk about them.I've made more than 1,100 portraits myself for newspapers, over the course of 300 -- 30 years, sorry, 30 years only.But there are 1,100, and very few artists have drawn so many faces.So I know a little about drawing and analyzing faces.OK, now let's look at these three portraits.And hold onto your seats, because if we zoom in on those faces, remark how they have the same broad forehead, the horizontal eyebrows, the long nose, the curved lips and the small, well-developed chin.I couldn't believe my eyes when I first saw that.There is no reason why these portraits should look alike.All we did was look for portraits that had the characteristics of a self-portrait, and look, they are very similar.Now, are they made in the right order? The young man should be made first.And as you see here from the years that they were created, it is indeed the case.They are made in the right order.What was the age of Leonardo at the time? Does that fit? Yes, it does.He was 33, 38 and 63 when these were made.So we have three pictures, potentially of the same person of the same age as Leonardo at the time.But how do we know it's him, and not someone else? Well, we need a reference.And here's the only picture of Leonardo that's widely accepted.It's a statue made by Verrocchio, of David, for which Leonardo posed as a boy of 15.And if we now compare the face of the statue, with the face of the musician, you see the very same features again.The statue is the reference, and it connects the identity of Leonardo to those three faces.Ladies and gentlemen, this story has not yet been published.It's only proper that you here at TED hear and see it first.The icon of icons finally has a face.Here he is: Leonardo da Vinci. 译文：

早上好。 让我们先花一分钟的时间来看看伟大的传奇人物列奥纳多·达·芬奇。 我们对他的杰作是再熟悉不过了── 他的画作、他的发明、他的写作。但我们却不知道他长什么样。 虽然关于他的著作成百上千，但对于他的样貌，人们仍旧是充满分歧。即使是这幅著名的肖像画，也无法得到很多艺术史学家的认可。 你们觉得呢？ 这到底是不是列奥纳多·达·芬奇的面孔呢？让我们一同寻找答案。 达·芬奇是一个会画身边各种事物的人。 他画过人物、人体结构、动植物、风景、建筑、江河湖海、各种事物。但却从来没有画过脸？我觉得这有点让人难以置信。 他同时代的画家都画过自画像，就好比你们现在看到的这些。正面或者是四分之三的侧面像。 所以像达·芬奇这样充满热情的画家也一定会时不时地画些自画像。就让我们试着把他们给找出来。

我认为如果我们仔细查阅他所有的作品，并从中寻找自画像，我们就可以发现他的面孔。 于是我认真查看了他所有的画，700多幅，从中寻找男士的画像。 这里所看到的，就是我找到的120幅。这里面有哪些有可能是自画像呢？就如我们前面所看到的，自画像一定要是正面或者四分之三侧面的才可以。所以我们排除所有的侧面画像。 自画像也应该有充分的细节。 所以我们也可以排除那些模糊不清的或者是过于风格化的画像。 同时我们从达·芬奇同时代的人中也了解到达·芬奇长得非常帅气，甚至可以说是美男子。 这样一来，我们又排除了那些长得丑的以及那些漫画像。

现在再来看一看──只剩下三个符合条件的候选画像了。 就是这三张。的确，老人画像是其中之一，这幅著名的铅笔画《维特鲁威人》也在其中。最后一幅就是达·芬奇所画的唯一一幅男性肖像油画《音乐家肖像》。

在我们开始研究这些面孔之前，我应该解释一下我有什么资格在这里发表关于他们的评论。 我画过超过1100张的人物画像，为各类报纸所做，历时300多──30多年，不好意思，只有30多年。 但还是画了1100张。很少有画家画过这么多张脸。 所以我对绘画和分析脸孔还是略知一二的。好了，现在让我们来看看这三幅画像。 你们可要坐好了，因为如果我们将这些脸孔放大的话， 我们就会发现他们都有着同样宽广的额头、平直的眉毛、高长的鼻子、弯曲的嘴唇、小而丰满的下颚。

当我第一次注意到这一切的时候，我简直不敢相信自己的眼睛。这些画像怎么可能如此相像。我们只是搜寻有自画像特色的肖像， 但找到的画像却是如此得相像。问题是，他们是不是依照正确的时间顺序绘制的呢？ 年轻人的画像应该是最先绘制的。而如果你们看看这些画像创作的年份，就会发现事实的确如此。 他们是按照正确的时间顺序绘制的。 而达·芬奇在创作这些画像的时候的年龄又是多大呢？和画中人的年龄相符吗？ 是的，完全相符。他在创作这些画像的时候分别是33岁、38岁和63岁。 也就是说，我们现在这里的三幅画像，有可能是同一个人的画像，平且画中人和达·芬奇创作这些画像时的年龄是一致的。但我们如何知道这画中之人是达·芬奇而不是别人呢？ 我们需要一个可供参考的标准。 这里是唯一一幅被广泛接受的达·芬奇的照片， 是韦罗基奥创作的大卫雕像， 由15岁的达·芬奇当作人体模特。如果我们把这个雕塑的脸和之前那个音乐家的脸相比较的话，我们就会再次发现之前那些相同的特征。这个雕像就是参考物，将达·芬奇的身份 同那三张脸联系起来。

女士们、先生们，这个故事暂未发表， 由在座的TED观众们对之先睹为快是再为合适不过了。 伟人中的伟人终于有了脸孔。他就是──列奥纳多·达·芬奇。

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