北京旅游景点介绍中英对照
2020-03-02 17:35:35 来源：范文大全收藏下载本文
1.故宫
故宫又名紫禁城，位于北京市中心、天安门广场北1km，景山南门对面。故宫外围是一条护城河，河内是周长3km、高近10米的城墙，城墙四面都有门，南有午门，北有神武门，东有东华门，西有西华门；城墙四角还耸立着4座角楼，造型别致，玲珑剔透。
故宫大体可分为两部分，南为工作区，即外朝；北为生活区，即内廷。其所有建筑排列在中轴线上，东西对称。在居住区以北还有一个小巧别致的御花园，是皇室人员游玩之所。
现在故宫的一些宫殿中设有综合性展览，收藏有大量古代艺术珍品，是中国文物收藏最丰富的博物馆。 1.The Imperial Palace The Imperial Palace, also known as the Forbidden City, is located in the center of Beijing City, 1 km north from the Tiananmen Square, right opposite the south gate of Jingshan Mountain.Outside the Imperial Palace lies a moat, on the inner side of which there‟s the city wall whose perimeter is 3 km with a height of nearly 10 meters.The wall has one gate on each side: the Meridian Gate to the south, the Shenwu Gate to the north, the Donghua Gate to the east and the Xihua Gate to the west; besides, there‟re four exquisitely carved unique turrets standing at each corner of the wall.The Forbidden City can be roughly divided into two parts: the southern part, the working area, is called “the outer court” and the northern part, the living area, is regarded as “the imperial palace”.All the constructions of the Imperial Palace are arranged orderly on the central axis with eastwest symmetry.To the north of the living area is the small but unique Imperial Garden where the royal family amuse themselves.Nowadays, some palaces in the Forbidden City have been equipped with comprehensive exhibitions where abundant ancient art treasures are collected.The National Palace Museum is the museum that collects the most cultural relics in China.
2.天坛公园
天坛位于北京城南端，是明清两代皇帝祭祀天地之神和祈祷五谷丰收的地方。天坛包括圜丘和祈谷二坛，围墙分内外两层，呈回字形。北围墙为弧圆形，南围墙与东西墙成直角相交，为方形。这种南方北圆，通称“天地墙”，象征古代“天圆地方”之说。外坛墙东、南、北三面均没有门，只有西边修两座大门——圜丘坛门和祈谷坛门（也称天坛门）。而内坛墙四周则有东、南、西、北四座天门。内坛建有祭坛和斋宫，并有一道东西横墙，南为圜丘坛，北为祈谷坛。 2.The Temple of Heaven Located in southern Beijing City, the Temple of Heaven is the place where the emperors of Ming and Qing Dynasties worshiped Heaven and prayed for bumper crops.The Temple of Heaven is comprised of the Circular Mound Altar and the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests, and there‟re two walls, the inner one and the outer one, surrounding the Temple of Heaven.With north wall being circular and the south one square as it intersects with the east and west walls at right angles, they‟re given the name “the Heaven and Earth Walls”, representing Heaven and Earth, for in ancient China, people believed that Heaven was round and Earth was square.There is no gate at the east, south and north side of the outer wall and the only two gates are at the west side, which are the Circular Mound Altar Gate and the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests Gate, also known as the Tiantan Gate.While, the inner wall is surrounded by four gates, each one at each side.Inside the temple are the altar and the Hall of Abstinence, and they are separated by a cro wall trending east-west, to the south of which is the Circular Mound Altar and to the north is the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests.
3.颐和园
颐和园坐落于北京西郊，是中国古典园林之首，总面积约290公顷，由万寿山和昆明湖组成。全园分3个区域：以仁寿殿为中心的政治活动区；以玉澜堂、乐寿堂为主体的帝后生活区；以万寿山和昆明湖组成的风景旅游区。 3.The Summer Palace Located in the western suburbs of Beijing, the Summer Palace which is regarded as the most typical Chinese claical garden is composed by the Longevity Hill and the Kunming Lake, covering a total area of about 290 hectares.The whole palace is mainly divided into 3 areas: the political activities area with the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity as the center; the royal living area, the Hall of Jade Ripples and the Hall of Happine and Longevity; the scenic area which consists of the Longevity Hill and the Kunming Lake.
4.圆明园
圆明园坐落在北京西郊，毗邻颐和园，由圆明、长春、绮春三园组成，是清朝帝王在150余年间创建和经营的一座大型皇家宫苑。圆明园不仅以园林著称，而且也是一座收藏丰富的皇家博物馆，园内各殿堂内陈列有许多国内外稀世文物，园中文源阁是全国四大皇家藏书楼之一，藏有《四库全书》、《古今图书集成》、《四库全书荟要》等珍贵图书文物。不幸的是，这一世界名园在19世纪末期惨遭英法联军的劫掠和焚毁，以后又经历了无数次毁灭和劫掠，最终沦为一片废墟。 4.The Yuanmingyuan Imperial Garden Situated in the western suburbs of Beijing and adjoining the Summer Palace, the Yuanmingyuan Imperial Garden, comprised by Yuanming, Changchun and Yichun Gardens, is a large royal garden constructed and operated by the emperors of Qing Dynasty within more than 150 years since emperor Kangxi came to power.Not only is the Yuanmingyuan Imperial Garden famous for its gardens, it‟s also a royal museum that has a rich collection of rare cultural relics of home and abroad.As one of the four royal libraries acro the nation, the Wenyuan Chamber, also known as the Imperial Library, collects many precious books, e.g.The Si Ku Quan Shu, Collection of Ancient and Modern Books, the Si Ku Quan Shu Abstract.However, unfortunately, after the Anglo-French Allied Force plundered and burned down the garden in late 20th century and numerous destructions by other invaders, this world-famous garden was reduced to nothing but ruins.
5.鼓楼、钟楼
鼓楼位于北京市中轴线上的地安门外大街，与钟楼一起在元、明、清时为北京全城报时中心， 1990年起，鼓楼和钟楼在每年除夕和正月初一时恢复鸣钟击鼓。站在鼓楼上可以看到整个后海及地安门大街的热闹繁华，登上钟楼向北可见北京的中轴线沿线建筑，天气晴朗的时候可以望到远处的鸟巢及水立方。鼓楼和钟楼的东西两侧则是保存完整的胡同区，可以看到整齐的院落及天空中带着鸣哨的鸽子群。
5.The Bell Tower and the Drum Tower Located at the Di‟anmen Outer Street on the central axis of Beijing City, the Drum Tower together with the Bell Tower were the time service center of Beijing City back in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.In 1990, the government decided to recover the bell striking and drum beating on every New Year‟ Eve and New Year‟s Day of the Chinese lunar calendar.Standing on the Drum Tower, you can feel the liveline and prosperity of Houhai and the Di‟anmen Avenue.While on the Bell Tower, right in front of your eyes are those constructions alongside the central axis of Beijing City and when the weather is clear, you can even see the Bird‟s Nest and the Water Cube far distance away.At the east and west sides of the Bell Tower and the Drum Tower are the well-conserved Hutong neighborhoods where there‟re orderly arranged courtyards and pigeons wearing whistles.
6.天安门广场 在长安街南侧，北京城的传统中轴线上，座落着世界上最大的广场——天安门广场，广场中心为人民英雄纪念碑，继续向南穿过毛主席纪念堂就到了正阳门，也就是人们常说的前门。广场的西侧是人民大会堂，东侧是国家博物馆。在广场的对面，长安街的北侧即是天安门城楼，城楼下是波光粼粼的金水河。每天的清晨和傍晚，天安门广场都会举行隆重严肃的升降旗仪式，对于初到北京的人来说，观看一场升降旗仪式是必不可少的一件事。 6.The Tiananmen Square At the south side of Chang An Avenue and on the traditional central axis of Beijing City locates the Tiananmen Square, the world‟s largest square.In the center of the square stands the Monument of the People„s Heroes, to the south of which is the Chairman Mao Memorial Hall, and cro the hall you‟ll arrive at the Zhengyang Gate which is more frequently referred to by people as Qianmen.The Great Hall of the People lies on the west side of the square and on the east side is the National Museum.Right opposite the square, namely, the north side of Chang An Avenue is the Tiananmen Gate Tower beneath which flows the glistening Golden Stream.Every morning and dusk witnees a grand and solemn flag raising and lowering ceremony and those who come to Beijing for the first time definitely don‟t want to mi the flag raising ceremony.
7.明十三陵
明十三陵是明朝迁都北京后13位皇帝的墓葬群，位于昌平区天寿山南麓，距市区约50km。明十三陵由13个独立的陵墓组成为一个统一的整体。每座陵墓分别建于一座山前，陵墓规格大同小异，陵与陵之间少至0.5km，多至8km。已开放的景点有长陵、定陵、昭陵和神道（神路）。 7.The Ming Tombs Situated at the south foot of the Tianshou Mountain in Changping District which is about 50 km away from the city center, the Ming Tombs are the graves of the 13 emperors of Ming Dynasty after the capital of Ming Dynasty was moved from Nanjing to Beijing.It‟s a unified entirety composed by 13 independent tombs.Every tomb was built in the front of a mountain, but their sizes are quite different from each other.There‟s at least a distance of 0.5 km and 8 km at most between each two tombs.Changling Mausoleum, Dingling Mausoleum, Zhaoling Mausoleum and Shendao Mausoleum are the tombs that have been opened to be scenic spots.
8.万里长城
中国万里长城是世界上修建时间最长，工程量最大的冷兵器战争时代的国家军事性防御工程，凝聚着我们祖先的血汗和智慧，是中华民族的象征和骄傲。长城全长大约6700公里，通称“万里长城”。长城的修建持续了两千多年，根据历史记载，从公元前七世纪楚国筑“方城”开始，至明代，共有20多个诸侯国和封建王朝修筑过长城。其中秦、汉、明三个朝代长城的长度都超过了5000公里。 长城的主体工程是绵延万里的高大城墙，大都建在山岭最高处，沿着山脊把蜿蜒无尽的山势勾画出清晰的轮廓，塑造出奔腾飞跃、气势蓬勃的巨龙，从而成为中华民族的象征。在万里长城上，分布着百座雄关、隘口，成千上万座敌台、烽火台，既打破了城墙的单调感，又使高低起伏的地形更显得雄奇险峻，充满巨大的艺术魅力。
都说不到长城非好汉，我们这些生长在长城脚下的子民，没有理由不去长城瞻仰膜拜吧？
推荐登长城地点：
著名长城：八达岭长城、居庸关长城
这类长城是团队游客必到的北京经典景点，修缮的比较好，却也每个毛孔都透着“新”气，每年的游客络绎不绝，节假日时更是人满为患。
“野”长城：慕田峪长城、司马台长城、箭扣长城、黄花城水长城、古北口长城、金山岭长城、白岭关长城、石峡关长城、沿河城长城等。
这类长城大多深藏在荒山野岭，虽惨败破落，却别有一番沧桑、肃杀的味道，而且这些长城所倚山势多险峻壮观，不少路段山体近垂直陡峭，景观震撼。但攀爬野长城需注意自身安全，并注意环保和保护野长城。 8.The Great Wall As the national military defensive project in cold weapon era that took the longest period of time to build and with the largest project amount in the world, the Great Wall of China, imbued with the blood, sweat and ingenuity of our ancestors, is the symbol and pride of the Chinese nation.With a total length of about 6700 km, it‟s called “the Great Wall”.Based on historical records, Chu State first built the wall “Fangcheng” in 700 BC and the construction never ended until Ming Dynasty, the construction of the Great Wall lasted for over two thousand years during which more than 20 kingdoms and feudal dynasties once took part in building the Great Wall.In Qin, Han and Ming Dynasties, the length of the wall were all more than 5000 km.The major part of the Great Wall is the tall wall extending for thousands of miles, most of which were built on the highest point of the mountain ridges.The Great Walls, like a leaping giant dragon full of momentum, sketches a legible outline of the endle winding mountains alongside those ridges, therefore becoming the symbol of the Chinese nation.Hundreds of impregnable paes and barriers, and thousands of enemy towers and smoke towers are distributed on the Great Wall, which not only makes the Great Wall not that monotonous but also emphasizes grandne and steepne of the already precipitous landform, full of artistic charm.He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man, thus there‟s no reason for people who live at the foot of the Great Wall not to worship it.Recommended places to climb the Great Wall: Famous Great Walls: Badaling Great Wall and Juyongguan Great Wall These Kind Of Great Walls though relatively well-repaired yet filled with completely new elements are claical scenic spots in Beijing that group tourists certainly won‟t mi.Every year, those scenic spots see tens of thousands of visitors, and visitors are especially numerous during holidays.The “wild” Great Walls: Mutianyu Great Wall, Simatai Great Wall, Jiankou Great Wall, Huanghuachengshui Great Wall, Gubeikou Great Wall, Jinshanling Great Wall, Bailingguan Great Wall, Shixiaguan Great Wall, Yanhecheng Great Wall etc.Those types of Great Walls mostly hide in the deep wild mountains, ruined and dilapidated, but beneath that you can see that they are weather-beaten and chilling.The mountains on which those walls were built are grand and precipitous, and you can see the mountains on some sections of the wall are almost vertical, which really catches one‟s breath.However, at the same time when you take care of the environment and protect the wild Great Walls while climbing the wall, don‟t forget to mind your own safety as well.
9.孔庙国子监
国子监位于北京安定门内国子监街（原名成贤街），与孔庙和雍和宫相邻，是我国元、明、清三代国家管理教育的最高行政机构和国家设立的最高学府。北京孔庙是国子监的一部分，原称国子监孔庙或京师孔庙，是皇帝举行国家祭孔典礼的场所，它与西侧太学（国子监）构成“左庙右学”的建制。由于夏季炎热，每年10-4月是最佳旅游季节，春暖花开，气候宜人。还可以顺便在皇城根公园一带溜达溜达，赏花看鸟，很惬意。9.The Beijing Confucius Temple and the Imperial College Located at the Street of Confucius Temple (the old name is called Chengxian Street) in the Anding Door, the Imperial College is adjacent to the Confucius Temple and the Yonghegong Lamasery.It is the Chinese highest administrative institution of the national education management in Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, and also the most advanced school established by state.Beijing Confucius Temple is one part of the Imperial College that once was called the Confucius Temple of Imperial College or Peking Imperial Confucius Temple.And It was the place that the emperor giving the national Confucius memorial ceremony.It forms the construction system of “temple left and school right” with the Imperial Collage at its west side.From the October to the April in the next year, there are wonderful flowers everywhere in the warm spring and the climate is quite agreeable, it is the best tourist season other than the hot summer.People can also take a walk in the Imperial Palace Wall Park by the way, and to appreciate the flowers and birds which is very pleasant.
10.景山公园
景山地处北京城中轴线最高点。登上景山，可俯瞰北京，古都风貌尽收眼底，美不胜收。景山春天有牡丹展、夏天有荷花展、秋天有秋实秋菊展，三季花团锦簇，四季松柏常青。除了美景，这里还充满着老北京的生活气息，每天早晚都有很多人在这里锻炼，多以老年人为主，他们还在这里唱红歌忆往昔。 10.The Jingshan Park The Jingshan Park is at the top of the axle wire of Beijing city.Climbing up on the Jingshan, people can overlook and have a panoramic view of Beijing; it is a feast for the eyes.There are peony show in spring, lotus show in summer and chrysanthemum show in autumn.It is the bouquets of flowers and piles of brocades for three seasons and the pine and cypre staying evergreen for four seasons.In addition to the beautiful scenery, there is filled with the lifestyle of old Peking: there are many people taking exercise every morning and night, mostly are the elderly, they are also singing the red songs and recalling the past.
11.中山公园
中山公园坐落在北京城中心，位于天安门西侧，前邻天安门广场，后依紫禁城。原是明、清时的社稷坛，因1925年孙中山先生的灵柩曾停放在园内拜殿中，1928年命名为中山公园。中山音乐堂就在中山公园内，中山音乐堂是中国爱乐乐团与北京交响乐团音乐季的主场，同时也是北京国际音乐节的主要演出场地。
11.The Zhongshan Park The Zhongshan Park is situated in the center of Beijing city, located at the west side of Tiananmen.Its front is adjacent to the Tiananmen Square and its back is near the Forbidden City.The Zhongshan Park was once the Altar of Land and Grain in Ming and Qing dynasty.In 1925, the bier of Sun Yat-sen was placed in the hall of the park, Therefore, in 1928, it got the name of Zhongshan Park.Zhongshan Music Hall is in the Zhongshan Park, it is the music season home court of the Chinese Philharmonic Orchestra and Beijing Symphony Orchestra, and meanwhile, it is also the main performing place of Beijing International Music Festival.
12.香山公园
香山公园位于北京西郊，景区内主峰香炉峰俗称“鬼见愁”，海拔557m。香山公园文物古迹众多，有燕京八景之一的“西山晴雪”，有集明清两代建筑风格的寺院“碧云寺”，有国内仅存的木质贴金“五百罗汉”，有迎接六世*的行宫“宗镜大昭之庙”，有颇具江南特色的古雅庭院“见心斋”。香山红叶驰名中外，1986年就被评为“新北京十六景”之一，成为京城最浓的秋色，每到深秋时节（10月中旬至11月中旬），数以万计的中外游客齐聚香山，共赏秋色。
12.The Fragrant Hill Park The Fragrant Hill Park is located in western suburbs of Beijing.The main peak Hyangnobong is commonly known as “devilishly hard to achieve” with a altitude of 557 meters.There are numerous historical relics, such as the “Fine Snow in Xishan”, one of the Eight Great sights of Yanjing, the “Temple of Azure Cloud” which has the architectural style of Ming and Qing dynasty, the remaining wooden “Five Hundred Arhats” with golden coat, the temporary imperial palace “Zongjing Jokhang Temple” to welcome the Sixth Panchen Lama, and the graceful courtyard “Jianxin Hall” with the characteristics of the regions south of the Yangtze River.The maple leaves in Fragrant Hill is known at home and abroad.In 1986, it was rated as one view of the “Sixteen Sights of New Beijing”, and became the most charming autumn scenery in Beijing.In late autumn (from the middle of October to the middle of November), millions of the visitors gather in the Fragrant Hill to appreciate the autumn scenery.
13.水立方（国家游泳中心）
国家游泳中心位于北京奥林匹克公园内，是2008年北京奥运会标志性建筑物之一。奥运期间承担了游泳、跳水、花样游泳、水球等比赛，赛后建成具有国际先进水平的集游泳、健身、休闲于一体的活动中心。“水立方”与国家体育场“鸟巢”分别位于中轴线两侧，一方一圆，遥相呼应，构成了“人文奥运”的独特风景线。
13.The Water Cube( National Swimming Center) The National Swimming Center is situated in the Beijing Olympic Park, and it is one of the symbolic buildings of Beijing Olympic Games in 2008.There held the swimming, diving, synchronized swimming and water polo and so on.After the Beijing Olympic Games, it was constructed into the activity center which concentrated the swimming, fitne and leisure as a whole.“The Water Cube” and “The Bird‟s Nest” are respectively located at the two side of the axle wire of Beijing.There is one square and one round, they are echoing each other at a distance which forming the creating scenery line of “the Humanistic Olympics”.
14.鸟巢（国家体育馆）
国家体育场即“鸟巢”位于北京市北四环的奥林匹克公园以南，建筑面积约26万平方米，可容纳观众10万人，承担2008北京奥运会田径、足球两大项目的比赛任务，同时承担奥运会开幕式、闭幕式任务。奥运会后成为北京市民广泛参与体育活动及享受体育娱乐的大型专业场所，并成为具有地标性的体育建筑和奥运遗产。
14.The Bird‟s Nest ( National Indoor Stadium) The National Indoor Stadium also called “Bird‟s Nest” is situated in the south of the Olympic Park in Beijing North Four Ring Road.Its covered area is about 260 thousand square meters, which can hold 100 thousand audiences, can conduct the track and field and the football game of Beijing Olympic Games, and can hold the opening and closing ceremony of the Olympic Games at the same time.After the Beijing Olympic Games, the Bird‟s Nest is widely known as the large profeional place for citizens to take part in the sports activities and enjoy the sports entertainment.It also becomes the landmark sports building and the Olympic legacy.
15.北京动物园
北京动物园是我国开放最早、动物种类最多的动物园，从清光绪三十二年（1906年）正式建园至今已有逾百年的历史。1955年改今名。各种动物都有专门的馆舍，如犀牛馆、河马馆、狮虎山、熊山、猴山、鹿苑、象房、羚羊馆、长颈鹿馆 、熊猫馆、海兽馆 、猩猩馆、两栖爬虫馆、鸣禽馆、小动物园等。
15.The Beijing Zoo Beijing Zoo is the first opening zoo and owns the highest number of animal species in China.Up to now, there is more than one hundred years history from the establishment on thirty-two years Guangxu Emperor (1906).In 1955, the zoo changed the name into Beijing Zoo.In Beijing Zoo, each kind of animal has its special museum, like rhinoceros museum, hippopotamus museum, lion and tiger hill, bear hill, monkey hill, deer park, elephant house, antelope museum, giraffe museum, panda museum, sea mammal museum, gorilla museum, amphibian & reptile museum, songbird museum and small animal zoo and do forth.
16.北京欢乐谷
北京欢乐谷是一座主题生态游乐园，位于朝阳区东四环四方桥东南角，占地100万平方米。分别由峡湾森林、亚特兰蒂斯、失落玛雅、爱琴港、香格里拉和蚂蚁王国等六个主题区组成，120余项体验项目可以满足不同人群的需要。夏季时还开放夜场，尽享浪漫神秘。 16.The Beijing Happy Valley The Beijing Happy Valley is an ecological theme amusement park located at the Sifang Bridge southeast corner of Chaoyang District East Forth Ring Road, the total area amounts to one million square meters.It is divided into six theme districts: the Wild Fjord, the Atlantis, the Lost Maya, the Aegean Harbor, the Shangri-La and the Ant Kingdom.There are more than 120 experience activities to meet the needs of different people.In summer, people can also enjoy the romance and mystery at evening show.
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