煤矿专业英语翻译
2020-03-01 23:47:00 来源：范文大全收藏下载本文
Coal Seam Methane Methane generation
Methane, carbon dioxide and water are generated as by-products of the coal formation proce.The proportions of each gas produced vary during the proce.
Most of the gas and water migrates away from the seam.However some gas is retained within the coal seam.The capacity of coal to retain carbon dioxide is much greater than for methane.However, the large quantities of methane produced during the formation of the high rank bituminous and anthracite coals flushed most of the carbon dioxide away.The bituminous coals of the Sydney and Bowen Basins typically contain gas consisting of over 95 per cent methane with smaller quantities of carbon dioxide, ethane, higher hydrocarbons, nitrogen and inert gases.The seams in some areas of the basins contain very high levels of carbon dioxide.This carbon dioxide was introduced later into the coal measure sequence by igneous activity replacing the methane preferentially.There are three mechanisms by which gas is stored within the coal seams.
About 90 per cent of the gas is absorbed onto the coal surface within the matrix pore structure, the remainder exists as
free gas in the natural fracture (cleat) systems of the seams or is diolved within the seam water.
Gas which has migrated away from the seams is often trapped in the fractures and pore spaces within the roof and floor rocks.The capacity of coal to hold gas is dependent on porosity which in turn is related to rank, gas composition and gas preure.A general relationship has been established that sorptive capacity (and therefore potential total gas content) increases with rank of the coal and with depth.Permeability of coal decreases with depth.coal mining historically has been a hazardous occupation but, in recent years, tremendous progre has been made in reducing accidental coal mine deaths and injuries. 在历史上，煤矿开采一直是危险的行业。但是，在近几年中，人们在减少煤矿伤亡事故方面取得了巨大的 进步。 何 宁 Accident prevention fundamentals are no different for coal mining than for any other type of work.The fundamentals apply to all industries.Construction workers may be struck by falling tools and materials, and miners may be struck by falling slate and coal.Sailors may be trapped by shipboard fires, and miners may be trapped by
mine fires.Railroad brakemen may lose hands and fingers positioning couplers, and miners may lose hands and fingers positioning couplers.Many other examples could be cited, but the point is that accidents that happen in coal mines are basically similar to accidents that happen in other industries [1].Thus, the basic principles for preventing accidents apply in coal mining as they do in any other type of work.
Thenaturalatmospherethatwebreathecontainsnotonlyitsgaseousconstituentsbutalsolargenumbersofliquidandsolidlidparticles.ilThTheseareknownkbthebyhgenericinameaerosols.Theyarisefromacombinationofnaturalandindustrialsourcesincludingcondensation,condensationsmokes,smokesvolcanicactivity,soilsandsands,andmicroflora.Mostoftheparticlesaresmallenoughtobeinvisibletothenakedeye.eyeDustisthetermweuseinreferencetothesolidparticles.我们呼吸的自然大气中，不仅包包含气态成分，而且还包含液体和固体微粒。它们统一名称为悬浮微粒。悬浮含液固微粒们统名称为浮微粒浮微粒的产生有自然方面又有工业方面的原因，这包括：凝结、烟气、火山活动、沙土和微植物群。大部分微粒足够
小，以至于人肉眼看不到。我们使用粉尘这个术语，指的是固体颗粒。1 Introduction
Thepphysiologiesygofair-breathinggcreatureshaveevolvedtobeabletodealefficientlywithmostoftheaerosolsthatoccurnaturally.However,withinclosedindustrialenvironments,concentrationsofairborneparticulatesmayreachlevelsthatexceedtheabilityofthehumanrespiratorysystemtoexpeltheminatimelymanner.
呼吸空气的生物的生理系统已进化为能够有效地对付自然情况下产生的悬浮颗粒。然而，在封闭的工业环境内，悬浮空气中的微粒浓度可能超过人类呼吸系统能及时排除它们的程度。
Inparticular,mineraldustsareformedwheneverrockisbkbybrokenbimpact,itabrasion,bicrushing,hicutting,ttigrindingidiorexplosives.Thefragmentsthatareformedareusuallyirregularinshape.shapeThelargetotalsurfaceareaofdustparticlesmayrenderthemmoreactivephysically,chemicallyandbiologicallythantheparentmaterial.materialThishasanimportantbearingontheabilityofcertainduststoproducelunggdiseases.尤其是，只要岩石撞击、磨损、挤压、切割、研磨或者爆破，就能够破碎，从而形成矿尘。形成的碎片通常在形状上是不规则的。物质破碎后形成的尘粒总表面积增大，从而在
物理、化学和生物方面活性增强。这就对某些微粒的能力产生重要影响，能引起肺病。微粒的能力产生影响能起肺病
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