过去分词小结
2020-03-02 18:45:24 来源：范文大全收藏下载本文
过去分词小结
过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式，表示动作的被动和完成，在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。
(一)作定语
1．前置定语：单独一个过去分词作定语时一般放在被修饰的名词之前。例如：
We need more qualified teacher．
我们需要更多合格的教师。
2．后置定语：分词短语放在被修饰的名词之后。
例如：
The girl dreed in red is Mary’s sister．
穿红衣服的女孩是玛丽的姐姐。
拓展
(1)如果被修饰的词是复合不定代词或指示代词时，虽然是一个单一的分词作定语，也要放在被修饰的名词之后。例如：
There is almost nothing changed since I left the town two years ago．
自从我两年前离开这个镇以来，几乎没有什么变化。
(2)有时为了强调还可将单一的分词放在被修饰的名词之后。例如：
They decided to change the material used．他们决定改变所用的材料。
(二)作表语
1．过去分词作表语，表示主语所处的状态。
例如：
The door remained locked．门仍然锁着。
2．过去分词作表语，相当于形容词，最常见的有：delighted，disappointed，discouraged，drunk，amused，interested，satisfied等。例如：
He was interested in collecting stamps．
他对收集邮票感兴趣。
(三)作宾语补足语
过去分词可以在see，hear，notice，watch，have，feel等动词后作宾语补足语，强调分词与宾语之间为被动关系。例如：
I often hear the song sung in English．
我常听人用英语唱这首歌。
例1 It is one of the funniest things ________ on the Internet so far this year．
A．finding
B．being found
C．to find
D．found
[点拨] 本题考查过去分词作定语。句意为“这是到目前为止今年在因特网上发现的最可笑的事情之一”，故选D。
例2 We finished the run in le than half the time ________．
A．allowing
B．to allow
C．allowed
D．allows
[点拨] 本题中过去分词allowed作后置定语修饰the time，表示被动，故选C。
例3 Please remain ________；the winner of the prize will be announced soon．
A．seating
B．seated
C．to seat
D．to be seated
[点拨] 此题考查过去分词作表语的用法。remain在此是系动词，故选B。
（四）作状语
过去分词作状语时，可表示时间、原因、条件、让步或伴随等情况。这些作状语的过去分词短语相当于对应的状语从句。需要特别注意的是：过去分词作状语时的逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。
表示时间
Seen from the top of the hill，our city looks surrounded in the fog．
＝When it is seen from the top of the hill，our city looks surrounded in the fog．
从山顶上看，我们的城市看起来像被雾气笼罩了。
Once published，the dictionary will be very popular．
＝Once it is published，the dictionary will be very popular．
一旦出版，这本词典将大受欢迎。
拓展
有时为了强调时间概念，过去分词之前可用表示时间的连词，如when，while等。例如：
When completed，this railway will link many industrial cities to a seaport．
这条铁路建成后，将把许多工业城市和一个海港连接起来。
When told to go to the teachers’ office，the girl began to cry．
当被告知去老师办公室时，这女孩开始哭起来。
表示原因
Tired out by hard work，he soon fell asleep．
—Since he was tired out by hard work，he soon fell asleep．
由于干重活疲劳至极，他很快就睡着了。
表示条件
Given more time，we would certainly have finished the job much better．
—If we had been given more time，we would certainly have finished the job much better
要是我们有更多的时间，我们肯定会把工作完成得更好些。
Beaten by the opposite team，the players were not discouraged．
＝Though they were beaten by the opposite team，the players were not discouraged．
虽然被对方打败，但队员们没有泄气。
表示伴随
The profeor sat there，surrounded by a lot of students．
教授坐在那里，许多学生围着他。
He came back，utterly exhausted．
他回来时疲惫不堪。
He came to greet us，dreed as a busineman．
他来迎接我们，穿得像个商人。
拓展
Easier said than done．说比做容易。
Once bitten，twice shy．一次被咬，下次胆小。
Well begun，half done．良好的开端是成功的一半。
A penny saved is a penny gained．省一文等于挣一文。
A burnt child dreads the fire．一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。
A word spoken is past recalling．一言既出，驷马难追。
The used key is always bright．常用的钥匙总是闪亮的。
例1 I deally ________ for Broadway theatres and Fifth Avenue，the New York Park hotel is a favourite with many guests．
A．locating
B．being located
C．having been located
D．located
[点拨] 句意为“纽约公园大酒店完美地坐落于百老汇剧场和第五大街之间，是许多客人最喜欢去的地方”。locate表示“位于；坐落于”，故选D。
例2 ________ by a greater demand for vegetables，farmers have built more green houses．
A．Driven
B．Being driven
C．To drive
D．Having driven
[点拨]本题考查过去分词作状语。driven表被动，意为“受到„„驱使”，故选A。
例3 ________ not to watch TV，the boy got angry．
A．To tell
B．To be told
C．Telling
D．Told
[点拨] the boy与tell是被动关系，故用过去分词作状语，故选D。
例4 ________ at the sight，she couldn’t go to sleep．
A．Surprising
B．Feared
C．Frightening
D．Frightened
[点拨] 本题为过去分词作状语，如改为状语从句应是：As she was frightened at the sight，故选D。
针对性训练
1 单项填空
1．You should understand the traffic rule by now．You’ve had it ________ often enough．
A．explaining
B．to explain
C．explain
D．explained
2．Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get
parents ________．
A．worried
B．to worry
C．worrying
D．worry
3．The ______ look on her face suggested that she ________ her manager’s idea．
A．confusing，wouldn’t quite understand
B．confused，hadn’t quite understood
C．confusing，hadn’t quite understood
D．confused，shouldn’t quite understand
4．The two scientists have discovered 65 of the more than 100 planets orbiting other
stars．
A．have been found
B．have found
C．to be found
D．found
5．Standing on the top of the mountain，we were able to see many wonderful houses in the
thick ________ forest．
A．hidden，growing
B．hiding，growing
C．hidden，grown
D．hiding，grown
6．—The last one ________ pays the meal．
—Agreed!
A．arrived
B．arrives
C．to arrive
D．arriving
7．I smell something ________ in the kitchen．Can I call you back in a minute?
A．burning
B．burnt
C．being burnt
D．to be burnt
8．At the beginning of cla，the noise of desks ________ could be heard outside the
claroom．
A．opened of and closed
B．to be opened and closed
C．being opened and closed
D．to open and close
9．He is a student at Oxford University，________ for a degree in computer science．
A．studied
B．studying C．to have studied
D．to be studying 10．The gla doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance，______ the
natural light in during the day．
A．to let
B．letting
C．let
D．having let 11．After a knock at the door，the child heard his mother’s voice ________ him．
A．calling
B．called
C．being called
D．to call 12．There is nothing more I can try ________ you to stay，so I wish you good luck．
A．being persuaded
B．persuading C．to be persuaded
D．to persuade 13．The children went home from the grammar sch001。their leons ________ for the day．
A．finishing
B．finished
C．had finished
D．went finished
14．Leonardo Da Vinci ________ birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of
setting them free．
A．is said to be buying
B．is said to have bought C．had said to buy
D．has said to have bought 15．Jenny hopes that Mr Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _______
in a short period．
A．improved
B．improving
C．to improve
D．improve 16．—Come on，please give me some ideas about the project．
—Sorry．With so much work ________ my mind，I almost break down．
A．filled
B．filling
C．to fill
D．being filled 17．The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle ________．
A．to be heard
B．to have heard
C．hearing
D．being heard 18．________ by a greater demand for vegetables，farmers have built more green houses．
A．Driven
B．Being driven
C．To drive
D．Having driven 19．He is very popular among the students as he always tries to make them ________
in his lectures．
A．interested
B．interesting
C．interest
D．to interest 20．My parents have always made me ________ about myself，even when I was twelve．
A．feeling well
B．feeling good
C．feel well
D．feel g00d 21．When asked why he went there，he said he was sent there ________ for a space flight．
A．training
B．being trained
C．to have trained
D．to be trained
22．John received an invitation to dinner，and with his work ____，he gladly accepted it．
A．finished
B．finishing
C．having finished
D．was finished
参考答案与探究
[语法探究]
1．D[提示：此题考查“have something done”这个结构，此结构的意思为主语让别人做某事，过去分
词在此作宾语补足语。]
2．A[提示：worried为过去分词作宾语补足语，表被动意义。]
3．B[提示：confused为过去分词作定语。suggest意为“暗示，表明”。]
4．D[提示：此题考查过去分词的用法，根据句意D项正确。]
5．C[提示：hidden是过去分词作宾语补足语，grown表示“长成了的”，故选C。]
6．C[提示：句意为“最后到的人付饭钱。”“同意!”当序数词或由序数词所修饰的名词后接定语时，
此定语应由不定式充当，故选C。]
7．A[提示：本题考查现在分词作定语的用法，故选A。]
8．C[提示：句意为“刚开始上课的时候，开关书桌的声音在教室外面都能听到”。根据句子结构，须
用动词-ing形式，故选C。]
9．B[提示：句意为“他现在是牛津大学的学生，正在攻读计算机科学学位”，故选B。]
10．B[提示：句意为“在入口处，玻璃门已取代了木门，这样白天自然光便可照射进来”。letting为
现在分词作结果状语，故选B。]
11．A[提示：句意为“敲完门后，那个孩子听见他妈妈喊他”。本题考查hear sb／sth doing sth结
构，故选A。]
12．D[提示：句意为“既然我没有孙法说服你留下来，我只好祝你好运”。I can try及后面的部分为
省略了that的定语从句，先行词为nothing more，故选D。]
13．B[提示：独立主格结构作状语，在此结构中逻辑主语leons与逻辑谓语finish之间为被动关系，
故选B。]
14．B[提示：句意为“据说莱昂纳多·达·芬奇(过去)常买一些被关在笼子里的鸟为了享受放飞它们的
乐趣”。考查sb is said t0 have done结构，故选B。]
15．A[提示：句意为“詹妮希望史密斯先生会提出一个好方法，使她的书面英语水平在短时间内得以提
高”。因written English与动词improve之间是被动关系，故选A。]
16．B[提示：句意为“快点，请给我一些有关这个项目的建议。”“很抱歉，脑子里装这么多的工作，
我几乎要垮掉了”。在with复合结构中，so much work与动词fill之间是主动关系，故
选B。]
17．A[提示：句意为“孩子们在吃饭的时候说话的声音非常大，我不得不极力(提高嗓门)让其他人听清
我的话”。不定式表示目的，根据句意可知要用被动形式，故A正确。]
18．A[提示：句意为“由于受到更大的蔬菜需求的推动，农民已修建了更多的温室”。根据by可知，应
用过去分词，故选A。]
19．A[提示：句意为“他在学生中很受欢迎，因为他总是努力使他们对自己的讲座感兴趣”，故选A。]
20．D[提示：句意为“我的父母总是让我对自己有良好的感觉，即使当我十二岁的时候”。feel
well意为“健康”，不合题意；feel是感观动词，一般不用进行时，make sb do sth使某
人做某事，故选D。]
21．D[提示：根据句意可知he与train之间为被动关系，所以排除A、C两项；选项处在句中应作目的状
语，所以要用不定式。故排除B项。]
22．A[提示：此题考查with sth done的用法，故选A。]
针对性训练
2 单项填空
1．________ some officials，Napoleon inspected his army．
A．Followed
B．Followed by
C．Being followed
D．Having been followed by
2．________ in thought，he almost ran into the car in front of him．
A．Losing
B．Having lost
C．Lost
D．To lose
3．When ________ the museum will be open to the public next year．
A．completed
B．completing
C．being completed
D．to be completed
4．________ a reply，he decided to write again．
A．Not receiving
B．Receiving not
C．Not having received
D．Having not received
5．While building a tunnel through the mountain，________．
A．an underground lake was discovered
B．there was an underground lake discovered
C．a lake was discovered underground
D．the workers discovered an underground lake
6．________ the general state of his health，it may take him a while to recover from the
operation．
A．Given
B．To give
C．Giving
D．Being given 7．European football is played in 80 countries，________ it the most popular sport in the
world．
A．making
B．makes
C．made
D．to make 8．Swan Lake is a famous ballet in four acts，________ on a fairy tale．
A．basing
B．based
C．bases
D．to base 9．The research is so designed that once ________ nothing can be done to change it．
A．begins
B．having begun C．beginning
D．begun 10．________ fine arts，do you have any interest in painting? A．Talking of
B．Talk about C．To be talked of
D．Talking on
同义句转换
11．Seen from space，the earth looks blue．This is because two-thirds of the earth is made
up of vast oceans．
________ ，the earth looks blue．This is because two-thirds of the earth is made up of
vast oceans．
12．Well known for his expert advice，he was able to help a great number of people with
their personal affairs．
________，he was able to help a great number of people with their personal affairs． 13．Bitten by a snake，you should send for help．
________，you should send for help．
14．The room，although supposed to be kept locked，was often left open．
The room，________，was often left open．
15．If heated to a high temperature，a piece of ice will turn into water．
________，a piece of ice will turn into water．
16．Mr Holmes and Dr Watson followed the girl up the stairs to her room．
The girl went up the stairs to her room，________．
17．Many of the trains are likely to be operated by computer in the future and they will
have no drivers．
If ________，many of the trains wilt have no drivers．
18．When he was asked how he gained first place，he suddenly became cheerful．
When ________，he suddenly became cheerful．
19．If you go to Xi’an，you will find the palaces there more magnificent than it is
commonly supposed．
If you go to Xi’an，you wilt find the palaces there more magnificent than 20．Once you are caught stealing at the shop，you will be dismied immediately．
Once ________ at the shop，you will be dismied immediately.
参考答案与探究
[语法探究]
Ⅰ．
1．B[提示：本题主语“Napoleon”是一群官员追随的对象，故用过去分词作状语，其后加“by+动作实
施者”，又因follow是与inspect同时发生的被动动作，不能用分词的被动完成式，排除
D。]
2．C[提示：本题考查过去分词作状语。he与lose构成被动关系。]
3．A[提示：本题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意为“这座博物馆建成后，将在明年向公众开放”。
complete与the museum具有被动关系，故选A。]
4．C[提示：本题考查现在分词作状语的用法。其否定形式在其前加not，故排除B、D两项。当分词表示
的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前时，应用现在分词的完成式，即having done的形
式。]
5．D[提示：本题中只有选项D中the workers才能做building这个动作。]
6．A[提示：given作“鉴于，考虑到”解。句意为“鉴于他的健康状况一般，他从手术中恢复可能需要
一段时间”，故选A。] 7．A[提示：本题考查现在分词的用法，故选A。]
8．B[提示：本题考查过去分词短语的用法。]
9．D[提示：这里是过去分词作状语，相当于once it was begun，故选D。]
10．A[提示：Talking of作插入成分，意为“谈起，说起”。]
11．When／If you see from space
12．As he was well known for his expert advice
13．When／If you are bitten by a snake
14．although it was supposed to be kept locked
15．If it is heated to a high temperature
16．followed by Mr Holmes and Dr Watson
17．operated by computer in the future
18．asked how he gained first place
19．commonly supposed
20．caught stealing
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