高二英语Unit18 Inventions知识点总复习教案
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高二英语Unit18 Inventions知识点总复习教案
Section I 课前准备、听力、口语
1.Never throw away or wash chopsticks again.千万不要扔掉再洗这些筷子。(p.57 A) ▲ throw (threw，thrown) (1) 投，抛，扔 He threw the ball 20 metres.他把球投出20米。
(2) 摔倒„„ The policeman threw the thief to the ground.警察把小偷摔倒在地面上。 (3) 发射，射 China has throw a satellite into space recent- ly.中国最近向太空发射了一枚卫星。
辨析：throw...to sb.与throw ...at sb.throw sth.to sb.指“把某物扔向某人”，其目的在于“传递” (for sb.to catch) 介词to纯粹表示行为的方向，其动机是善意的；throw sth.at sb.指“把某物打向某人”，其目的在于“打” ( = try to hit sb.)。介词at表示动作在于企图攻击的目标，其动机是恶意的。如：He threw the ball at me.(= try to hit me) 他扔球打我。He threw the ball to me.(= for me to catch) 他把球传给了我(= He threw me the ball.) 辨析：throw与cast throw是普通用词，使用频率高，它指用力抛掷这一行为。cast比throw正式，指迅速扔出一重量较轻的物体。经常用作比喻或无意识行为，在某些成语及特殊用语中须用cast，如cast a net “撒网”；cast a vote“投票”；cast anchor“抛锚”等等。如：Will you move, please? You\'re casting (throwing) a shadow on my book.你走开点好吗?你的影子正好投射在我的书上。He quickly threw the ball into the basket.他迅速地将球投入篮里。The dice is cast.事已定局。
拓展：throw oneself into 积极从事; throw away 扔掉; throw about 乱丢；乱扔(东西); throw back 扔回; throw„at„ 朝„„扔，向„„砸去; throw off 匆匆脱掉
throw...to...把„„传给„„；把„„摔倒; throw out 扔出；逐出; throw aside 扔在一旁; throw up 呕吐
2.Save trees and have a snack at the same time 挽救了树木并且同时成为小吃。(p.57 A) ▲ save (1) vt.救、挽救 The brave soldier saved a child from a burning house.那勇敢的战士从着火的房子里救出了一个孩子。Only socialism can save China.只有社会主义才能救中国。
辨析：save与rescue: save与rescue两者都有“营救”之意；但save侧重于“保全”之意，而rescue则侧重于“从囚禁中救出”之意。如：In order to save the country, many gentlemen laid down their lives.许多志士仁人为国捐躯了。They rescued him from prison.他们营救他出狱。
(2)节省；储蓄 Don\'t spend all your money, save some of it for future use.别把钱全部花光，储蓄一点儿以备将来之用。
3.You will never have to worry about having your bike stolen again.你再也不必担心自行车会被偷走了。(p.57 D) ▲ worry (1) vi.“发愁，着急，焦虑” Mother always worried when the girls stayed out late.女孩们要是很晚还不回家，母亲总是很担心。
(2) vt.“使麻烦；使发愁；使着急” Don\'t worry her, She is busy.别去麻烦她，她很忙。 There\'s only one point that worries me.只有一点使我发愁。 (3) n.“烦恼”不可数；“使人发愁的事(人)；烦心的事”(可数)，且常用复数。This worry is enough to drive one mad.这烦恼足以令人发狂。He has many worries.他有很多的烦恼的事情。
辨析: worry与trouble: trouble的含义宽广，事无巨细都可用它，且含有一定的惊慌意味；worry\"担心”“发愁”，它指没有根据的，经常是不必要的忧虑不安的心情。如：
Uneasine troubled her heart.她感到心神不定。I\'m troubled by the doctor\'s report.医生的诊断结果令我焦急。Don\'t worry，tomorrow will be better.别担心，明天会更好。We\'re all worried about you.我们都在为你担心。
拓展：worry sb.使某人烦恼(着急)；worry about sb.为某人而担心；worry through 艰苦进行
4.This new invention will make it poible for people to...这项新发明将使人们做„成为可能。(p.58 Useful expreions) ▲ makes it poible...(1) 此处it为形式宾语，本身为先行代词，它既可作形式宾语，又可用作形式主语，代替句中的真正主语或宾语，即从句、动名词、不定式等。I think it a pity that he can\'t swim.我认为他不能游泳是件令人遗憾的事。It is important for us to master English.掌握英语对我们来说是重要的。It is no use telling him that.告诉他那件事是没有用的。
(2) it作形式宾语时，其前的动词有：think, find, consider, believe, suppose, feel, make等，而if后常跟形容词或名词。He feels it his duty to help others.他觉得帮助别人是他的职责。We make it clear to the world that we\'ll never behave like a superpower.我们向全世界表明我们永远不做超级大国。I consider it a great honour to be present at the meeting.我觉得能出席这个会议很荣幸。He found it neceary to study the situation in Ruia.他发现研究俄罗斯的形势是必要的。I believe it helpful to use such a dictionary.我相信使用这样的一本词典是有帮助的。I suppose it poible to finish such a join in three days.我想三天之内完成这样一件工作是有可能的。
5.Decide which of the inventions you think is the most useful and...决定你认为哪一种发明是最有用的。(p.58.Patent Officer) ▲ decide 决定, 决心；使下决心, 使决断；对...起了决定作用；解决, 裁决, 判决
(1) 跟名词或代词 I’ve got to decide our whole future.我得决定我们的整个未来。We must decide that ourselves.这得由我们自己决定。
(2) 跟不定式(不可跟动名词) They decided to move to Wuchang immediately.他们决定马上搬到武昌去。He decided to do his homework.他决定做他的家庭作业。
(3) 跟疑问词 + 不定式 We must decide what to do with them.我们必须决定拿他们怎么办。She hasn’t decided when to start.何时动身她还没有决定。She hasn\'t decided when to start.何时动身她还没有决定。
(4) 跟从句 Let\'s first decide where we should go.我们先决定到什么地方去。Only you can decide what\'s best for you.只有你才能决定什么对你最合适。
辨析：decide; determine; resolve; make up one\'s mind 都有“决定”的意思。decide 指“经过询问、研讨和考虑之后, 在几种可能的选择之中作出决定”, 如: She decided to leave here on Sunday instead of Monday.她决定星期日而不是星期一离开这里。determine指“决心作某一件事而不动摇”, 如: We have determined to get the work done ahead of schedule.我们已经决定要提前完成这项工作。resolve指“打定主意做某事或不做某事”, 如: I resolve to study English.我决定学英语。make up one\'s mind 指“打定主意”“下了决心”；其主语必须是人，不可是物，而且不可用于被动语态。如: He made up his mind not to stay there any longer.他决定不再在那里呆下去了。
拓展：decide for doing sth.决定做某事; decide in favour of sth.作出有利„„的决定或判决; decide on (upon) 决定，选择(多指从两个或多个可能性中选择); decide between从两者中选择、决定。
联想：decided adj.明确的，坚决的；deciding adj.起决定作用的；decision n.决定，决心(同义词) determine；make up one\'s mind
Section II 阅读
6.How do they come up with ideas for new inventions? 他们怎么提出新发明的想法的? (p.59.Pre-Reading 3) / (p.59 Reading 第一段第二行) 比较：解释3 ▲ come up with意为“提出”“想出”。如：① The teacher asked a difficult question，but finally Tom came up with a good answer.老师提出了一个难题，但汤姆最后想出了一个好答案。② The magazine recently came up with some advice on smoking.那本杂志最近就吸烟问题提出了一些忠告。③ I hope you can come up with a better plan than this.我希望你能想出一个比这个更好些的计划来。④ Scientists will have to come up with new methods of increasing the world\'s food supply.科学家们必须找出增加全世界食品供应的新方法。⑤ You have no choice but to come up with the ￡18000.你别无选择，必须拿出那一万八千英镑来。
【注】come up 也有“被提出来”之意，但主语一般是表示问题、建议、计划等的名词。如：① The program came up for final decision.这一计划被提出来以便作最后决定。 ② These problems will come up for discuion at the meeting.这些问题会在会议中提出来讨论。③ We solved problems as soon as they came up.问题一出现我们就解决。
【注】 come up with还有“赶上”之意。如：① Let\'s hurry up so that we may come up with them.咱们快些走，好赶上他们。② We shall have to work hard to come up with the other team.我们得努力干才能赶上另一队的进度。③ I came up with her as she was rounding the corner.她在拐弯时，我追上了她。
【注】come up with可引申为“拿出”“提供(一笔钱)”之意。如：① The rich man came up with a large sun of money to those poor students who can\'t afford their tuition.那个有钱人拿出一大笔钱来给那些因贫困而交不起学费的学生。
7.Throughout history, great thinkers have used their creativity and imagination to change the world.纵观历史，为大的思想家们用他们的创造力和想象力改变了世界 (p.59 Reading 第一段 第一行) ▲ throughout (1) prep.遍及We have friends throughout the world.我们的朋友遍天下。Schools were opened throughout the country.全国中小学都开学了。
(2) prep.在整个(一段时期) Throughout the summer and autumn he continued to go to the office work.整个夏秋季节他都连续在办公室上班。
(3) adv.整个地，全部地The timber was rotten throughout.这块木料已经整个儿地腐烂了。
(4) adv.一直地，从头到尾Prices remain stable throughout.物价始终保持稳定。The house is painted throughout.这所房子全部油漆一新。
8.How do they come up with ideas for new inventions? 他们那些新发明的思想是怎么来的呢? (p.59 Reading 第一段第二行) ▲ come up with (1) 赶上 We shall have to work hard to come up with them.我们要努力工作，赶上他们。
(2) 提出，提供 I hope you can come up with a better plan than this.我希望你们能提出比这个更好的计划。
拓展：come up 走近，长出; come up against 遭到„„; come up to 达到，符合; come out with 发表，出版
9.Thinkers who have changed the world do not seem to have much in common.改变了世界的思想家们似乎并没有很多共同之处。(p.59.第一段 第三行) ▲ in common意为“共用”“共有”“共同”，后接介词with时，意为“和„一样”。如： ① The swimming pool is used in common by all the children in the town.这个游泳池供镇上的孩子共同使用。② They have nothing in common with one another.他们相互之间
没有共同点。③ In common with many people, he prefers claic music to pop.和很多人一样，他喜欢古典音乐，不喜欢流行音乐。④He believed，in common with the majority, that it was tree.他与大多数人一样，认为这是真的。⑤ In common with most Italian lakes, acce to the shores of Orta is restr- icted.和大多数的意大利湖一样，进入奥塔湖滨受到限制。⑥ To my surprise, I found I had a lot in common with this stranger.令我惊讶的是，我发现我与那陌生人有很多相似之处。⑦ He had little in common with his little sister.他与他的小妹妹没有多少共同之处。⑧ Their methods have a lot in common.他们的方法有很多相似之处。
【注】 注意out of the common意思是“异乎寻常的” “不平常的”。如：It is something out of the common.这是异乎寻常的东西。
10.It seems that creative thinking,„, is a matter of habits.人们似乎觉得创造性是关于习惯的问题。(p.59 Reading 第一段倒数第二行) 比较：U.17 p.51 The best way to help is often simply a matter of opening doors and offering guidance.帮助残疾人的最好办法就是开门提供引导的问题。 ▲ a matter of (关于)„„的问题 (1) a matter of„„的问题，matter意为“事情”“问题”。This is a matter of principle.这是一个原则性问题。It\'s not a matter of laughing.这可不是开玩笑的事情。
(2) the matter 麻烦事What\'s the matter with you? Why are you crying? 发生了什么事，干吗哭呢? 拓展：a matter of opinion 看法不同的问题；a matter of life and death 生死攸关的事情；as a matter of fact 事实上，其实；no matter what (how，when，where，who„)；无论什么 (怎样，何时，哪里，谁„„)；for that matter (for the matter of that) 就此而言；What\'s the matter with...? „„怎么了? / „„出了什么毛病?；in the matter of...就„„而论； It doesn\'t matter.没关系
11.Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be succeful,„ 假如我们想要成功，知识和学习都是很重要的„ (p.59 Reading 第二段第一行) ▲ knowledge (1) n.知识，认识Knowledge is power，知识就是力量。
(2) n.知道，了解He has no knowledge of life in the small village.他对那个小村子的生活不了解。She has a good knowledge of London.她对伦敦十分熟悉。I have no knowledge of his arrival.我不知道他来了。 辨析：knowledge与learning knowledge泛指一个人通过观察、调查、学习研究而获得的事实或真知灼见，它不仅包含通过正规教育获得的知识，而且包括日常生活中的阅历。
learning常指“通过长期的、细致的学习而获得系统的知识，这种知识往往不是肤浅的，而广博的、深奥的”。该词也可指全部学识和智慧的总和，或者科学知识，但更多用于语言、文学、历史、法律等人文学科。This dusty knowledge needs brushing up after the paage of years.多年以后，这种原先学过的知识需温习一下。They have no direct knowledge of conditions in the East.他们对东方的情况缺乏直接了解。He is a man of learning.他是个学问渊博的人。
12.„ what we have learnt may also limit our thinking.我们已经学到手的东西也可能限制我们的思维。(p.59 Reading 第二段第二行) ▲ limit (1) vt.限制We must limit our spending.我们必须限制开销。She limited her conversation to ten minutes.她将说 话时间限制为10分钟。
(2) n.限制、限度、极限 She has reached the limit of her patience.她的耐性已经达到了极限。There is a limit to one\'s life, but no limit to serving the people.人的生命是有限的，但为人民服务是无限的。
拓展：to the limit 到顶点；limited company 有限公司；a limited number of...有限的
几个；be limited in...在„„方面受限；within limits 在一定范围内；without limit 无限地
联想：limit vt.限制limited adj.有限的；limitation n.限制，局限性； limitle 无限制的
13.Inventors often rephrase a problem to allow for creative solutions and„ 发明家常常会换一种说法来表述一个问题„ (p.59 Reading 第二段第三行) *▲ allow for 顾及，考虑到，体谅：We must allow for his youth.我们必须体谅他年轻。He allowed for her great age and was very patient.他考虑到她年纪大因而很耐心。 拓展：allow of 允许„„；allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事：Such conduct allows of no excuse.这种行为不得宽怒。They allowed me to enter.他们准许我进入。 辨析: allow与allow for ▲ allow意为“允许”“准许”。如：① Smoking is not allowed in public places.公共场所不允许抽烟。② The government servants aren\'t allowed to accept rewards.公务员不得接受酬谢。③ The children ale too young to be allowed out at night.孩子们太小，夜间不能让他们出去。
▲ allow for意思是“估计到”“把„„考虑在内”。如：① When he made the plan, he failed to allow for the unexpected.他作计划时没有把意外情况考虑进去。② He mied the target because the wind hadn\'t been allowed for.因为没有考虑到风的影响，他没有击中目标。③ You can\'t make it in an hour, you must allow for traffic delays.你一个小时到不了，你必须考虑到在路上会遇到耽搁。④ We must allow for his lack of experience.我们必须考虑到他缺乏经验这一点。⑤ Allowing for exceptions, the rule may stand.在允许有例外的情况下，这条规则还是可以成立的。) 14.If we look only for the correct answer and reject ideas that do not provide a complete answer, we may get stuck.如果我们只找正确答案，拒绝那些不能给我们完整答案的想法，那么我们就可能被框住。(p.59 Reading 第二段第四行) ▲ reject (1) vt.拒绝；抵制；指不肯承认，采用、相信或服从，不肯接受。They had rejected our request contemptuously.他们轻蔑地拒绝了我们的请求。Several publishers rejected the manuscript.几家出版商都拒绝了这份手稿。 (2) vt.抛弃；丢掉；剔除 Under the guidance of the Party he has rejected the idealist view of history in favour of the materialist.在党的教导下，他已经抛弃唯心主义历史观，接受了唯物主义历史观。
辨析：refuse与reject：两者都有“拒绝”之意。
refuse不仅可用来拒绝别人的请求和要求，而且还可用于拒绝别人的邀请或帮助；其后能跟不定式；
reject不能用于拒绝别人的邀请或帮助，其后不能跟不定式。He refused the invitation from John.他拒绝了约翰的邀请。He refused to believe what I said.他拒绝相信我说的话。
▲ provide (1) vt.提供；装备The government provided them with money and clothes.政府向他们提供金钱和衣服。The country provides free medical service to college students.国家为大学生提供了公费医疗。You must provide yourselves.你们必须自备必需品。
(2) vi.provide for 提供生计；作准备 provide against预防 Who provides for her? 谁为她提供生活费? He provided for the entertainment of his guests.他为招待客人作好了准备。They had to provide against a shortage of water.他们不得不作好缺水的准备。They provided against the attack.他们做好准备以防受攻击。
辨析：afford，provide与supply: 三个词都有“提供”“供给”之意。但在用法上有区别：
afford 作“向某人提供某物”解时，它的句型是afford sb.sth.(sth.常为抽象名词) Travel affords us pleasure.旅游会给我们带来快乐。He afforded me an opportunity.他给我提供了一次机会。
provide与supply用法相似，可以换用，某句型为：provide (supply) sb.with sth.; provide (supply) sth.to (for) sb.; The sun provides (supplies) light and heat for us.= The sun provides (supplies)us with light and heat.太阳为我们提供光和热。 ▲ stuck get stuck意思是“被困住”“被卡住”“处于困境”，此处get是连系动词，也可以用be等其他的连系动词。如：① The bus was stuck in the mud.公共汽车陷在泥里了。② The shuttle often got stuck, causing a lot of broken ends.梭子常常卡住，造成大量断头。③ What shall we do? We seem to be stuck.怎么办?我们似乎干不下去了。④ Have you got stuck over your maths problems? 你的数学题做不下去了吗? ⑤ I\'m stuck now, there is no more material for the work.我无法进行下去了，这工作缺少资料。⑥ I Was stuck there for a week by the bad weather.由于天气不好，我在那里待了一个星期。
15.Creative thinking is a conscious effort to break away from old thought patterns in order to explore new poi- bilities.创造性思维是一种有意识的努力，即为了探索新的可能性而摆脱旧的思维模式。 (p.59第二段倒数第一行)
▲ effort作“努力”解释时，后常跟不定式，如本句即是，请看下列例句。① His effort to reform her at last succeeded.他要改造她的努力终于成功了。② Despite all my efforts to improve his life-style, he\'s still smoking twenty cigarettes a day.尽管我尽力改变他的生活方式，但他还是一天吸二十支香烟。③ He\'s jogging round the park every morning in an effort to get fit for the football season.他为了锻炼身体迎接足球赛季的到来，每天早晨都绕着公园慢跑。
【注】effort可作“艰难的事”解释，为可数名词。如：It\'s such an effort to get up on these dark winter mornings.冬季早晨到处黑沉沉的，起床真艰难呀! ▲ break away from 意为“脱离”“摆脱”“断绝来往”。如：① Fortunately he broke away from that lawle group years ago.幸好几年前他就脱离了那个不法集团。② The criminal tried to break away from the policeman.罪犯试图从警察手里逃跑。③ Smith has broken away from the Labour Party.史密斯已脱离工党。
【注】break away from亦可作“改掉”“破除”解。如：① You should break away from such bad habits.你应该改掉这些坏习惯。② Modem music has broken away from the 18th century rules.现代音乐不再遵守十八世纪的条条框框。③ Modern art has broken away from old traditions.现代美术已摆脱了旧的传统。④ The child broke away from all disciplines.这孩子一点也不守规矩。
16.Good solutions and new ideas are often the result of change in perception.好的解决方法和新的思路常常是改变一种观念的结果。(p.59第三段 第一行) ▲ solution意为“解决(办法)”“解答(释)”，通常后接介词to。如：① There are no simple solutions to the problem of overpopulations.对于人口过多的问题，没有简单的解决办法。② We are looking for a solution to our financial difficulties.我们正在寻找解决财政困难的方法。
17.By looking at a problem in as many ways as poible, creative thinkers can find solutions that would other- wise remain invisible.通过尽可能多的角度来看待一个问题，富有创造力的思考者可以发现其他情况下可能觉察不了的答案。(p.59第三段 第二行)
▲让我们先分析一下句子的结构，本句的主语是creative thinkers。谓语动词是can find，宾语solutions后带了一个定语从句。句首的 by短语是方式状语。
▲ otherwise在本句中是副词，意为“要不然”“否则”“在另外的情况下”。如：① He was
tired but otherwise in good health.他很疲惫，但除此之外，健康状况良好。②The rent is high，but otherwise the house is satisfactory.租金昂贵，但在其他方面这房子还令人满意。③ He has a squint，but is otherwise a handsome fellow.他有点斜视，但除此之外，倒是个英俊的小伙子。
【注】 otherwise也可作“不同地„用别的方法”解。如： ④ She says it\'s true，but we think otherwise.她说这是真的，但我们却认为并非如此。⑤ I hate him but I pretend other- wise.我恨他，但是我假装不恨。⑥ I have never observed him do otherwise.我从未看到过他不是这样做的。
【注】 otherwise可用作连词，意为“否则”“要不然”，相当于or。如: ① Hurry up, otherwise you\'ll be late.快点，不然你要迟到了。② Do what you have been told otherwise you\'ll be punished.照吩咐的去做，否则你将受罚。③ I\'m lucky that I\'m interested in school work, otherwise I\'d go mad.很幸运我对学校里的功课感兴趣，不然我要疯掉的。 【注】 otherwise可作形容词。如：①The fact is other- wise.真相并非如此。② Their political enemies were also their otherwise friends.他们的政敌在其他方面也正是他们的朋友。
▲ remain为连系动词，意为“处于(某种状态)”。后接形容词性的词作表语。① How can we remain silent on this question? 对这个问题我们怎么能保持沉默呢? ② The boundary questions still remain unsettled.边界问题仍然没有解决。③ She remained sitting when they came in.他们进来时，她仍然坐着。
【注】remain也可以接名词、代词、介词短语作表语。如：① This still remains a serious problem.这仍然是一个严重的问题。② It remains below 13℃ for about five months of the year.一年约有五个月那里温度保持在13摄氏度以下。
18.„ the proce includes a series of different attempts and several false starts.这个过程涉及到一系列不同尝试和一些错误的开端。 (p.59 Reading 第三段第三行) ▲ attempt的一些用法
(1) vt.试图做，试图夺取(后跟名词，不定式，动名词等)The enemy attempted an attack by night.敌人准备趁夜色偷袭。He attempted the examination but failed.他试图通过考试，但没有成功。The enemy attempted to break through our lines.敌人企图冲破我们的防线。I attempted walking until I fell over.我挣扎着走路，直到摔倒才停止。
(2) n.尝试 (常为可数名词) We failed in our attempt to climb the mountain.我们试图爬上山去，但失败了。The two superpowers both collude and struggle with each other in a vain attempt to redivide the world.这两个超级大国又勾结，又争夺，妄图重新瓜分世界。
拓展：make an attempt to do sth.试图做某事；make an attempt at doing sth.试图做某事；make an attempt on...企图夺取„„；
联想：attempt vt.& n.尝试；attemptable adj.可以尝试的
19.Every new thought or idea has to be connected to what we already know.每一个新思想或新思路都会与我们已有的知识联系起来。(p.59第四段 第一行) ▲ connect connect to意思是“与„„相连接(有关)”，其后的介词既可用to，也可以用with。如：① The police didn\'t connect him with the murder.警方没有把他和凶杀案连在一起。② He is connected with the Whites by marriage.他与怀特家是姻亲。③ A search of Brady\'s house found nothing that could connect them with the robberies.对布拉迪的房子的搜查没有找到任何他与抢劫有关的内容。④ We usually connect spring with sunshine and flowers.我们通常把春天和阳光及鲜花联系在一起。 20.Great thinkers are aware of this and „ 伟大的思想家了解到了这一点„ (p.59 Reading
第四段第三行) ▲ be aware of (意识到；知道) (1) adj.意识到的，知道 Are you aware of the difficulty?你知道那项困难吗? (2) 跟从句时，省去of He was not aware that he was in danger.他没有觉察到自己处境危险。She was not aware how much her husband earned.她不知道她丈夫挣多少钱。 (3) aware为表语形容词，前面不能用very修饰，习惯用well，quite等词。I am quite (well) aware how you must feel.我很能体会你会有什么样的感受。 拓展：be tired of 厌烦„„；be afraid of„ 害怕„„；be short of„ 缺少„„；be sure of...对„„有把握；be full of„ 充满的„„；be proud of„ 以„„为自豪 ▲ aware aware意为“意识到”“觉察到”，是形容词，多用作表语，后接介词of，of后通常接名词、代词、动名词或名词性从句，接名词性从句应用疑问词引导，这时of可省去。① Are you aware of the problems involved? 你有没有意识到这里存在的问题? ② He was not aware of her presence till she spoke to him.直到她对他说话，他才意识到她的存在。③ He become aware of Jane’s coming to- wards him.他觉察到简向他走来。④ We were quite aware (of) how you would respond to our terms.我们十分清楚你能对我们提出的条件作怎样的反应。⑤ I Was not aware (of) how dangerous it was.我不知道这有多危险。
【注】aware后可接that引导的从句，这时不可再用of。如: ① I\'m well aware that this is not the perfect solution.我非常清楚这不是完美的解决办法。② He was painfully aware that the deadline had paed.他痛苦地意识到限期已过。③ You must be aware that what you ale doing is illegal.你必须明白你做的事是非法的。
【注】be aware后也可以直接跟连接副词how引起的从句。如：① I\'m quite aware how you must feel.我完全明白你会有什么感觉。② I\'m too sleepy to be aware how cold it was.我太困了，没意识到天有多冷。) 21.They all knew that for each new invention that works, there are at least ten that don\'t.他们都知道，每有一个成功的发明就至少有十个是不成功的。 (p.60第二段第四行) ▲ 此处介词for表示对比或比例。常与each，every或数词连用。意思是“每„„就”“与„„成比例”。如：① For every enemy, he has fifty friends.他每有一个敌人就有五十个朋友。② Plant three trees for every one that is cut down.每砍一棵树就要种三棵树。③ The prisoners of war were exchanged man for man.一对一地交换了战俘。④ Let\'s translate the sentence word for word.让我们逐字翻译这个句子。 Section III 词汇语法、综合技能
22.Anywhere we go, we Pan hear the ringing of a cell- phone.我们无论到哪里，都能听到手机的铃声。(p.62第一段第二行) ▲ anywhere是副词，意为“无论何地”，此处用来引导地点状语从句，相当于一个连词，意思和wherever或no matter where相近。① I\'ll take you anywhere you like.我将带你到你喜欢的任何地方。② Anywhere you go, it is all the same.无论你到什么地方都一样。③ You can camp anywhere you like these days.如今你可以喜欢在哪儿宿营就在哪儿宿营。④ Anywhere I go, I find the same thing.不管我走到哪里，我都发现同样的情况。 【注】在英语中，副词起到连词的作用，用来引导状语从句很常见。如：directly，instantly，immediately等。如：① I came immediately you called.你一来电话我就来了。② Directly he said those words, there was a dead silence.他刚说完这些话，大家就立刻沉默下来。③ The machine will start instantly you pre the button.你一按电钮，机器就会开动。④ I knew something was wrong immediately I arrived.我一到就知道出事了。⑤ We came directly we got your telephone.我们一接到你的电话就来了。⑥ Instantly I saw him, I knew he was the man the police were looking for.我一看见他就知道他正是警察在寻找的男子。
【注】the moment，the minute，the instant和the second等名词也可以这样用。如：① Telephone me the instant you get the results.你一得到结果就给我打电话。② I recognized her the minute I saw her.我一看见她就把她认出来了。③ He liked the painting the instant he saw it.他一看见这幅画，就喜欢上它了。④ The moment I came into the room, I found the old man lying on the floor, panting.我一进屋子，就发现那老人躺在地上，气喘吁吁的。
23.A computer’s “memory” is similar to human memory in some ways, but„ 电脑的记忆在某些方面和人脑的记忆是相似的„(p.63第二段第六行) ▲ similar (1) adj.相似的(常作表语和主语) The products of these two factories are similar.这两家工厂的产品很相似。We have similar opinions.我们都有类似的意见。
(2) 用法上，be similar后接介词to，不跟with Your situation is similar to mine.你的处境与我的相似。
(【注】similar的反义词是different，其后跟介词from。如：① This is a different girl from the one he used to go out with.这个姑娘不是他过去交往的那个姑娘。② I couldn\'t help being different from when I left school.我与当年离开校园时的我判若两人，这是不可避免的。
【注】请注意similar与same的区别，前者表示“大致相同”“十分相像”，而后者则意为“完全一样”“没有变化”。如：① We\'ve still got the same problem as we had before.我们现在和过去一样存在同一个问题。② The two cars ate similar in appearance, but the new one is more brightly coloured.这两部车看起来差不多，但那部新的颜色更亮些。
【注】请注意similar与familiar的差异，后者意为“熟悉的”。当主语是物时，familiar后也接介词to。如：① Your name is very familiar to me.你的名字我很熟悉。② French is familiar to him as English.他对法语就像英语一样熟悉。③ These folk songs are familiar to the local people.这些民歌是当地人很熟悉。
【注】当人作主语时，即表示某人对某物熟悉时，familiar后接介词with。如：① I\'m of course familiar with his works.我当然对他的作品很熟悉的。② She has become familiar with the house.她对这房子得很熟悉了) 辨析：similar，like与alike similar指有明显的共同性质但不完全一致或同一。
like指事物在外貌、性质或特征上非常相似以致区别不开，但并非同一。 alike意义同like，但只能作表语。
A similar mistake occurs at the end of the paragraph.这一段末尾有一个类似的错误。Like thinking produces like ideas.相似的思维产生相似的主张。He and his brother are very alike.他们兄弟俩太相似了。
联想：(派) similar adj.类似的 similarly adv.类似地 similarity n.类似
24.After all, what makes a new invention such a wonderful thing is that it allows us to do sth.we could not do before.不管怎样，使一项新发明成为如此奇妙的事情就在于他可以让我们做以前不能做的事情。(p.63第二段倒数第二行) ▲ after all 毕竟。归根到底
(1) 毕竟，到底 He is a good man after all.毕竟他是一个好人。 (2) 在句首时，常译为“别忘了”。After all, my son\'s birthday is in two weeks’ time.别忘了，我儿子的生日还有两周时间。
拓展：above all 尤其是；all in all 完全，整个地；and all 等等； at all 全然，根本；first of all 首先 in all总计；not at all 一点也不 辨析：after all，at all 与 in all
after all意思是“终究”“毕竟”。如：① After all, I\'ve nothing to be ashamed of.说到底，我没有什么可羞愧的。 ② So you see I was right after all.因此你知道最后还是我对。③ What harm does it do after all? 它到底有什么害处? ④ After all, he\'s only six years old.他毕竟才六岁。
【注】注意: after all与at all和in all的区别。
① at all用在否定句中，以加强否定语气，表示“一点儿也不”“完全没有”。如：① It will do you no harm at all.这对你完全没有害处。② I\'m not interested in it at all.我对这毫无兴趣。
② at all可用于疑问句、条件句中起强调作用，意为“真的”“竟然”“确实”等。如：① Are you going to do it at all?你真的准备这样做吗? ② If you want to discu with me at all, give me a ring.如果你确实想同我商量，可以打个电话给我。
③ in all用来表示“总计”。如：① There are four questions in all.总共有四个问题。② How much is it in all? 总共多少钱?)
25.Now that we are developing new technology at such a high pace,„ 既然我们如此高速地发展着新技术„ (p.63第三段第二行) ▲ now that既然，由于 表示原因 Now that you are grown-up, you must stop this childish behavior.既然你已长大，你必须停止这种幼稚的行为。Now that he is well again, he can go on with his English study.既然恢复了健康，他就可以继续学习英语。 【注】口语中now that中的that可省略。
拓展：now and then 时而，不时；from now on 从现在起；just now 刚才；now then (位于句首，表警告、抗议或引起注意) 喂；up to now 直到现在
联想：now n.现在past n.过去future n.未来 present n.目前 辨析：now that 与 once 引导的状语从句
now that意为“既然”“由于”；once意为“一旦”，它们在句中起连词作用，引导时间状语从句。如： ① Now that you mention it, I do remember.你一提，我就想起来了。② Now that we have decorated the house, we can move in.既然房子已装修好，我们就可以搬进去了。③ Once over the pa, you will see the town before you.一过关口，你就会看到那座城市呈现在你面前。 ④ I\'ll tell him once I see him.我一看见他就告诉他。⑤ Now that the rain has stopped, we call leave.雨既然停了，我们就可以走了。⑥ Now that you are settled, why don\'t you take up some serious study? 既然你已经安顿下来，为什么你不开始正式地学些东西呢? ⑦ Once she arrives, we can start.她一到我们就可以动身了。⑧ Once you show any fear, he will attack you.你一表现出恐惧，他就要攻击你。 【注】now that中的that可省略。
高二英语Unit11 Scientific achievements知识点总复习教案
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