2020-03-03 05:30:12 来源:范文大全收藏下载本文
2015侦查复试(回忆)
一、概念比较(有一个是判断分析力的,记不起是哪个了) 1.被寻找客体和受审查客体 2.侦查途径和侦查措施 3.伪装现场和伪造现场 4.破案和侦查终结 5.破碎文书与分离文书 6.步法特征和步幅特征 7.字形特征和字体特征
二、判断分析(有一个想不起来了)
1.我国最早的法令性质的侦查著作是《折狱龟鉴》 2.按先后顺序将现场分为主体现场和关联现场
3.按工具与客体的作用方式和结果,痕迹分为静态印压痕迹和动态线形痕迹 4.提取原物是收集文书的首选方式
三、简答
1. 侦查权的运行原则 2. 痕迹检验中的比较检验 3. 走私犯罪的特点 4. 文书检验的物理方法
四、简述
1.侦查讯问的策略
2.侦查中的依靠群众原则
五、案例分析(案例内容大概是职务犯罪和初查的情况,要求分析案件情况,下一步侦查方案)
面试:
英语自我介绍+一段英文念过之后概括内容+抽两道专业问题,一道侦查,一道文检或痕迹(看运气,抽的题简单分自然高)
文书重点:第一二五六章 痕迹重点:第一章,手足工枪
参考(来自网络)
侦查
1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.36.37.38.39.侦查的研究方向 侦查的性质 通缉的条件
追缴赃款赃物的方法
从人权视角看,侦查中如何保障人权 讯问的立法趋向
侦查学的形成形态(侦查学的创始经过) 侦查讯问、预审、审讯的区别、联系 侦查权运用的基本原则
经济案件侦查调查取证的途径 侦查学的理论困境 侦查学的研究方法 刑事特情的保护 侦查实验的规则
职务犯罪的规律、方法、特点 刑事案件的结构要素 徇私舞弊案件的特点 经济案件侦查的管辖分工 疑难案件的成因
犯罪信息与侦查协作的关系 侦查主体组织模式 侦查权的性质
案件性质和事件性质的关系 实地勘验的方法 死亡时间推断的指标 经济案件侦查的特点 中国侦查体制的利弊 侦查策略的特征
恐怖主义犯罪的定义、侦查 刑事特情的条件 分析判断时间的因素 诱惑侦查的认识 伪劣商品犯罪的种类 杀人案件的特点 讯问的基本策略
对未成年人违法犯罪案件是否可以实施强制措施 检察机关侦查工作的特点 侦查与侦察的区别、联系 侦查学学科性质 40.41.42.43.44.45.46.47.48.49.50.51.52.53.54.55.56.57.58.59.60.61.62.63.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.侦查学的学科位置 侦查的概念
搜查的现行规定、实践和完善
“命案必破、专项斗争”的法律评价 勘查终结的条件
刑事案件侦查的合法性、正义性 刑事案件的结构要素 辨认的基本原则 刑事侦查的基本原则 保险诈骗案件的侦查方法 刑事特情(*)
公安学和刑事侦查学的比较 搜查的立法完善 初查和侦查的区别 侦查权的运行特点 涉税案件的侦查措施 侦查终结的条件
讯问犯罪嫌疑人的立法倾向 侦查机关的改革重点 辨认规则
侦查认识活动的特点 犯罪活动的规律
侦查学研究对象、侦查的结构体系 信用卡诈骗的主要犯罪手段
文书检验
伪造印文的手法 印文的一般特征 凹版印品的特点 识别添写文书
复印文书检验的任务 打印文书的种类
引起复印文书图文及其附加痕迹变化的主要原因 文书检验的一般方法 文书检验的对象
印刷文书的母版、子板有哪些情形 文书检验的任务平板印品的特点
书写形成时间检验的任务 书写工具鉴定的任务 高仿真印文能否同一认定
举例说明放大镜在文书检验中的作用 人像照片的鉴定依据
印刷文书同版鉴定的主要依据 变造文书的方法 20.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.
1.2.3.4.5.
如何判断黑色签字笔字迹与普通印尼印文形成的先后顺序 雕刻法伪造印文的特点
文书物证与可疑文书物证有何不同 怎样保全文书物证
平板印品和凹版印品的比较 文书检验中显微镜的作用
圆珠笔字迹和印油形成的先后顺序(*) 不可见光在文书中的作用(*) 涉税案件的侦查措施
复印文书同一认定的根据、表现形式
痕迹检验
根据鞋印特征是否可进行人身同一认定,为什么 涉及案件中阳膛线痕迹特征及在鉴定中的意义
如何以设计弹头、弹壳痕迹特征判断发射的枪支种类
射击弹流初生痕迹、次生痕迹的区别,在枪支同一认定中的价值
指纹分类的依据、检材指印、样本指印的指纹类型相同或不同有何意义 工具痕迹在侦查破案中的作用 引起步法痕迹变化的因素
锯痕特征是否可进行工具的同一认定 痕迹检验的发展趋势 汗液手印的显现步骤 指印形成的科学基础 枪支射击中他射的特点 枪支自射的特点 影响手印的特征因素 脚掌、手掌纹线的区别 擦划痕迹的特点
现场手印和犯罪行为的关系
司法鉴定
法医学的分支学科
生物性检材提取、保存、送检过程中应注意哪些问题 鉴定人的种类
司法鉴定体制的现状 鉴定结论的非法律性评价
有关英语词汇
案件 case
案件发回 remand/rimit a case (to a low court)
案件名称 title of a case
案卷材料 materials in the case
案情陈述书 statement of case
案外人 person other than involved in the case
案值 total value involved in the case
败诉方 losing party
办案人员 personnel handling a case
保全措施申请书 application for protective measures
报案 report a case (to security authorities)
被告 defendant; the accused
被告人最后陈述 final statement of the accused
被告向原告第二次答辩 rejoinder
被害人 victim
被害人的诉讼代理人 victim's agent ad litem
被上诉人 respondent; the appellee
被申请人 respondent
被申请执行人 party against whom execution is filed
被执行人 person subject to enforcement
本诉 principal action
必要共同诉讼人 party in neceary co-litigation
变通管辖 jurisdiction by accord
辩护 defense
辩护律师 defense attorney/lawyer
辩护人 defender
辩护证据 exculpatory evidence; defense evidence
辩论阶段 stage of court debate
驳回反诉 dismi a counterclaim; reject a counterclaim
驳回请求 deny/dismi a motion
驳回上诉、维持原判 reject/dismi the appeal and sustain the original judgement/ruling
驳回诉讼 dismi an action/suit
驳回通知书 notice of dismial
驳回自诉 dismi/reject a private prosecution
驳回自诉裁定书 ruling of dismiing private-prosecuting case
补充答辩 supplementary answer
补充判决 supplementary judgement
补充侦查 supplementary investigation
不公开审理 trial in camera
不立案决定书 written decision of no case-filing
不批准逮捕决定书 written decision of disapproving an arrest
不起诉 nol pros
不予受理起诉通知书 notice of dismial of accusation by the court
财产保全申请书 application for attachment; application for property preservation
裁定 order; determination (指最终裁定)
裁定管辖 jurisdiction by order
裁定书 order; ruling
裁决书 award
采信的证据 admitted evidence
查封 seal up
撤回上诉 withdraw appeal
撤诉 withdraw a lawsuit
撤销立案 revoke a case placed on file
撤销原判,发回重审 rescind the original judgement and remand the case ro the original court for retrial
出示的证据 exhibit
除权判决 invalidating judgement (for negotiable instruments)
传唤 summon; call
传闻证据 hearsay
答辩 answer; reply
答辩陈述书 statement of defence
答辩状 answer; reply
大法官 aociate justices; justice
大检察官 deputy chief procurator
代理控告 agency for accusation
代理申诉 agency for appeal
代理审判员 acting judge
代为申请取保候审 agency for application of the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving
弹劾式诉讼 accusatory procedure
当事人陈述 statement of the parties
当庭宣判 pronouncement of judgement or sentence in court
地区管辖 territorial jurisdiction
地区检察分院 inter-mediate People's Procuratorate
第三人 third party
调查笔录 record of investigation
定期宣判 pronouncement of judgement or sentence later on a fixed date
定罪证据 incriminating evidence; inculpatory evidence
冻结 freeze
督促程序 procedure of supervision and urge
独任庭 sole-judge bench
独任仲裁员 sole arbitrator
对妨碍民事诉讼的强制措施 compulsory measures against impairment of civil action
对席判决 judgement inter parties
二审 trial of second instance
二审案件 case of trial of second insurance
罚款 impose a fine
法定证据 statutory legal evidence
法定证据制度 system of legal evidence
法官 judges
法警 bailiff; court police
法律文书 legal instruments/papers
法律援助 legal aid
法律咨询 legal consulting
法庭辩论 court debate
法庭调查 court investigation
法庭审理笔录 court record
法庭审理方式 mode of court trial
法庭庭长 chief judge of a tribunal
法院 court
法院公告 court announcement
反诉 counterclaim
反诉答辩状 answer with counterclaim
反诉状 counterclaim
犯罪嫌疑人 criminal suspect
附带民事诉讼案件 a collateral civil action
附带民事诉讼被告 defendant of collateral civil action
复查 reexamination; recheck
复验 reinspect
高级法官 senior judge
高级检察官 senior procurator
高级人民法院 Higher People's Court
告诉案件 case of complaint
告诉才处理的案件 case accepted at complaint
告诉申诉庭 complaint and petition division
工读学校 work-study school for delinquent children
公安部 Ministry of Public Security
公安分局 public security sub-bureau
公安厅 public security bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government
公开审理 trial in public
公开审判制度 open trial system
公示催告程序 procedure of public summons for exhortation
公诉案件 public-prosecuting case
公诉词 statement of public prosecution
公证机关 public notary office
共同管辖 concurrent jurisdiction
管辖 jurisdiction
国际司法协助 international judicial aistance
海事法院 maritime court
合议庭 collegial panel
合议庭评议笔录 record of deliberating by the collegiate bench
和解 composition; compromise
核对诉讼当事人身份 check identity of litigious parties
恢复执行 resumption of execution
回避 withdrawal
混合式诉讼 mixed action
基层人民法院 basic People's Court
羁押期限 term in custody
级别管辖 subject matter jurisdiction of courts at different levels
监视居住 living at home under surveillance
监狱 prison
检察官 procurator
检察权 prosecutorial power
检察委员会 procuratorial/prosecutorial committee
检察院 procuratorate
检察院派出机构 outpost tribunal of procuratorate
简易程序 summary procedure
鉴定结论 expert conclusion
经济审判庭 economic tribunal
径行判决 direct adjudication without seions; judgement without notice
纠问式诉讼 inquisitional proceedings
拘传 summon by force; summon by warrant
拘留所 detention house
举报 information/report of an offence
举证责任 burden of proof; onus probandi
决定书 decision
军事法院 military procuratorate
开庭审理 open a court seion
开庭通知 notice of court seion
勘验笔录 record of inquest
看守所 detention house
可执行财产 executable property
控告式诉讼 accusatory proceedings
控诉证据 incriminating evidence
控诉职能 accusation function
扣押 distrain on; attachment
扣押物 distre/distraint
宽限期 period of grace
劳动争议仲裁申请书 petition for labor dispute arbitration
劳改场 reform-through-labor farm
劳教所 reeducation-through-labor office
类推判决的核准程序 procedure for examination and approval of analogical sentence
累积证据 cumulative evidence
立案报告 place a case on file
立案管辖 functional jurisdiction
立案决定书 written decision of case-filing
立案侦查 report of placing a case on file
利害关系人 interested party
临时裁决书 interim award
律师见证书 lawyer's written attestation; lawyer's written authentication
律师事务所 law office; law firm
律师提前介入 prior intervention by lawyer
免于刑事处分 exemption from criminal penalty
民事案件 civil case
民事审判庭 civil tribunal
民事诉讼 civil action
民事诉讼法 Civil Procedural Law
扭送 seize and deliver a suspect to the police
派出法庭 detached tribunal
派出所 police station
判决 judgement; determination
判决书 judgement; determination; verdict (指陪审团作出的)
旁证 circumstantial evidence
陪审员 juror
批准逮捕 approval of arrest
破案 clear up a criminal case; solve a criminal case
破产 bankruptcy; insolvency
普通程序 general/ordinary procedure
普通管辖 general jurisdiction
企业法人破产还债程序 procedure of bankruptcy and liquidation of a busine corporation
起诉 filing of a lawsuit
起诉 sue; litigate; prosecute; institution of proceedings
起诉状 indictment; information
区县检察院 graroots People's Procuratorate
取保候审 the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving
缺席判决 default judgement
人民调解委员会 People's Mediation Committee
认定财产无主案件 cases concerning determination of property as qwnerle
认定公民无民事行为能力、限制民事行为能力案件cases concerning determination of a citizen as incompetent or with limited disposing capacity
上诉 appeal
上诉人 appellant
上诉状 petition for appeal
少管所 juvenile prison
社会治安综合治理 comprehensive treatment of social security
涉外案件 cases involving foreign interests
涉外民事诉讼 foreign civil proceedings
涉外刑事诉讼 foreign criminal proceedings
申请人 applicant; petitioner
申请书 petition; application for arbitration
申请执行人 execution applicant
申诉人宣誓书 claimant's affidavit of authenticity
申诉书 appeal for revision; petition for revision
神示证据制度 system of divinity evidence
神示制度 ordeal system
审查案件 case review
审查并决定逮捕 examine and decide arrest
审查起诉阶段 stage of review and prosecution
审理通知书 notice of hearing
审判长 presiding judge
审判长宣布开庭 presiding judge announce court in seion
审判管辖 adjudgement/trial jurisdiction
审判监督程序 procedure for trial supervision
审判委员会 judicial committee
审判员 judge
审问式诉讼 inquisitional proceedings
生效判决裁定 legally effective judgement/order
胜诉方 winning party
省市自治区检察院 higher People's Procuratorate
失踪和死亡宣告 declaration of disappearance and death
实(质)体证据 substantial evidence
实物证据 tangible evidence
实在证据 real evidence
示意证据 demonstrative evidence
视听证据 audio-visual evidence
收容所 collecting post; safe retreat
首席大法官 chief justice
首席检察官 chief procurator
受害人的近亲属 victim's immediate family
受理 acceptance
受理刑事案件审批表 registration form of acceptance of criminal case
受送达人 the addreee
书记员 court clerk
书记员宣读法庭纪律 court clerk reads court rules
书证 documentary evidence
司法部 Ministry of Justice
司法机关 judicial organizatons
司法警察 judicial police
司法局 judicial bureau
司法厅 judicial bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions, and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government
司法协助 judicial aistance
死缓的复核 judicial review of death sentence with a retrieve
死刑复核程序 procedure for judicial review of death sentence
死刑复核权 competence for judicial review of death sentence
送达 service of proce
送达传票 service of summons/subpoena
送达诉状 service of bill of complaint
搜查 search
诉 sue; suit; action; lawsuit
诉前财产保全 property attachment prior to lawsuit
诉讼 litigation; lawsuit; sue; action
诉讼保全 attachment
诉讼参加人 litigious participants
诉讼代理人 agent ad litem
诉状 complaint; bill of complaint; state of claim
特别程序 special procedures
提起公诉 institute a public prosecution
铁路法院 railway court
铁路检察院 railroad transport procuratorate
庭审程序 procedure of court trial
通缉 wanted for arrest
投案 appearance
退回补充侦查 return of a case for supplementary investigation
委托辩护 entrusted defense
未成年人法庭 juvenile court
无行政职务的法官 aociate judge
无正当理由拒不到庭 refuse to appear in court without due cause
无罪判决 acquittal, finding of “ not guilty ”
物证 material evidence
先予执行申请书 application for advanced execution
先予执行 advanced execution
刑事案件 criminal case
刑事拘留 criminal detention
刑事强制拘留 criminal coercive/compulsory measures
刑事审判庭 criminal tribunal
刑事诉讼 criminal proceedings
刑事诉讼法 Criminal Procedural Law
刑事自诉状 self-incriminating criminal complaint
行政案件 administrative case
行政审判庭 administrative tribunal
行政诉讼 administrative proceedings
行政诉讼法 Administrative Procedural Law
宣告失踪、宣告死亡案件 cases concerning the declaration of disappearance and death
宣判笔录 record of rendition of judgement
选民资格案件 cases concerning qualifications of voters
询问证人 inquire/question a witne
训诫 reprimand
讯问笔录 record of interrogation
询问犯罪嫌疑人 interrogate criminal suspect
言词证据 verbal evidence
要求传唤证人申请书 application for subpoena
一裁终局 arbitration award shall be final and binding
一审 trial of first instance
一审案件 case of trial of first instance
应诉通知书 notice of respondence to action
有罪判决 sentence; finding of “guilty”
予审 preliminary examinantion; pretrial
原告 plaintiff
院长 court president
阅卷笔录 record of file review (by lawyers)
再审案件 case of retrial
再审申请书 petition for retrial
责令具结悔过 order to sign a statement of repentance
债权人会议 creditors' meeting
侦查阶段 investigation stage
侦查终结 conclusion of investigation
征询原、被告最后意见 consulting final opinion of the plaintiff and defendant
证据 evidence
证据保全 preserve evidence
证据保全申请书 application for evidence preservation
证人证言 testimony of witne; affidavit
支付令 payment order/warrant
知识产权庭 intellectual property tribunal
执行程序 procedure execution
执行逮捕 execution of arrest
执行和解 conciliation of execution
执行回转 recovery of execution
执行庭 executive tribunal
执行异议 objection to execution
执行员 executor
执行中止 discontinuance of execution
执行终结 conclusion of execution
指定辩护 appointed defense
指定仲裁员声明 statement of appointing arbitrator
中级人民法院 intermediate People's Court
中途退庭 retreat during court seion without permiion
仲裁 arbitration
仲裁被诉人 respondent; defendant
仲裁裁决 award
仲裁申请书 arbitration
仲裁申诉人 claimant; plaintiff
仲裁庭 arbitration tribunal
仲裁委员会 arbitration committee
仲裁协议 arbitration agreement; clauses of arbitration
仲裁员 arbitrator
主诉检察官 principal procurator
助理检察官 aistant procurator
助理审判员 aistant judge
专门法院 special court
专门管辖 specific jurisdiction
专属管辖 exclusive jurisdiction
追究刑事责任 investigate for criminal responsibility
自首 confeion to justice
自诉案件 private-prosecuting case
自行辩护 self-defense
自由心证制度 doctrine of discretional evaluation of evidence
自侦案件 self-investigating case
最高人民法院 the Supreme People's Court
最高人民检察院 the Supreme People's Procuratorate
最后裁决书 final award
一、侦查阶段
Extraditable adj 应引渡的、可引渡的,
fugitive adj 在逃的
a fugitive soldier 逃兵,flee 和 escape表示逃离、逃脱,flee from justice 逃避审判;refugee也可以表示逃亡者,更多的是表示因遭受政治上后宗教上的迫害而流亡的人。
Search warrant 搜查令、搜查证 Seizure 扣留、扣押 arrest
under arrest ,f
a
s
l
e
arrest 非法逮捕 ,false imprisonment 非法拘禁,
detain/detention 拘留,扣留
Detention house 拘留所 detention home 少年管教所
Criminal detention、administrative detention、judicial detention Jail 拘留所、看守所,监禁 holding cell / lockup / jailhouse , jailor 监狱管理员 jail credit 刑期折抵
Prison 在一般意义上可以等同于 jail 监狱 ,prisoner of war 战俘 prison warden 监狱长 war criminal 战犯
Penitentiary 通常指关押重刑犯的监狱
较委婉的说法:correctional facility / penal institution / correctional institution Confinement facility 监禁设施 Solitary confinement 单独监禁
First appearance、initial appearance 初次聆讯 指刑事被告人被逮捕后在法官面前的第一次露面。检察官必须及时把被逮捕者带到治安法官面前接受讯问,听取建议,并有治安法官确定对被逮捕者是羁押还是予以保释。
bail 保释,保释金,保释保证人
he left on bail and was given a summons to appear in court for an arraignment the following week. bailman (保释保证人),bailable affense ,refuse bail ,bail bond (保释保证书),bailee 被保释人/受托人,bailor 财产委托人 felony 重罪,在不太严谨的情况下可用 serious crime
misdemeanor /minor crime/summary offense 轻罪
Indictable offense 可诉罪
Offense / offence , offender , first offender , fugitive offender
在表示罪与非罪时,英文中通常用crime和offense来表示,offense表示较轻的犯罪,还表示故意侵权。Sin是一种对宗教或道德的违反,广泛用于被认为是完全错误的行为。Error 则含有因判断错误或缺乏认识而非有一违反之意。
battery 殴击罪,非法侵犯(完成对威胁的实施)
assault 企图伤害罪,强调企图。
if the judges commit crimes,congress may impeach them and them remove them from office.
the degree of punishment shall be commensurate with the crime committed and the criminal responsibility t be borne by the offender.
criminal law ,criminal proceedings/criminal procedure,criminal action, criminal justice system,criminal responsibility,criminal act ,criminal attempt(犯罪未遂) ,criminal conspiracy,ciminal capacity 刑事责任能力, criminal sanction,criminal appeal.
examination /interogation/extortion(逼供)
inquiry 询问、讯问、调查 inquiry notice 调查通知:依法授权某人进行某项合理调查的通知,该人应该对调查结果负责。
Interrogation 刑事讯问 interrogatories 质询书,常在证据展示程序中 discovery使用。
二、公诉阶段
Procuratorate 检察院
Immunity 免除、豁免,指给予特殊群体的免于正常的法律义务、处罚或责任的权利,常与from连用,immunity from prosecution 免予起诉。 accuse 指控
The police accused him of committing 6 counts of murder.Count 罪项,诉因,指原告起诉状中对一项独立的诉讼请求的陈述。
Accuse sb of a certain crime = charge sb with a certain crime The two of them are acquitted on charges of “disorderly conduct” and ”unlawful aembly” arising from the July 25th demonstration.
Charge 做名词时表示“指控的犯罪”。 The accused = defendant ,前者用于刑事案件中,被告人,后者则两者皆可。The accuser. Summary proceedings
Prosecution 公诉方、控诉方,刑事诉讼
Prosecution attorney 控方律师 , prosecuting witne 控方证人
presentment/ grand jury original
大陪审团起诉报告:大陪审团自己发现某犯罪行为,并主动提出的起诉书。
Indictment 大陪审团起诉书或公诉书 indict v 对。。。提起公诉、起诉
Information 检察官起诉书
Probable cause 合理根据、可成立的理由,从合理调查所获知饿明白无误的事实足以使明智而谨慎的人相信刑事案件的被控人犯有被指控的罪名,或在民事案件中存有诉讼的根据。大陪审团签署起诉书时需要改条件。
direct examination / examination-in-chief 确立案发场景,再现案件过程,通过非诱导性提问及证物展示来进行询问。
no bill/not a true bill/not found 查无实据,不予起诉
三、被告人辩护(Defense)
alibi 不在犯罪现场
The prosecution attempts to impeach this alibi by showing that when he was questioned by the police while under custody, he failed to aert this alibi, as one would expect he would have done if the alibi had been genuine.(真实的)
dock 码头,被告人席,扣减
Bail dock is a small compartment in a courtroom used to hold criminal defendant during trial.Someone is in the dock 某人正在接受审判。
Dock brief / dock defense 当庭指定辩护律师
Aggravate 加重、使恶化 aggravation rule 加重规则
Diminished responsibility 责任减等 Provocation 挑拨
Lethal adj 致命的、危害很大的
Excuse v 可得宽恕,相当于大陆法系的责任阻却 Capacity defense 刑事责任欠缺能力抗辩
innocent 清白的、无罪的
Innocent party , innocent agent 无罪的行为人 Insanity 精神病、精神错乱
Intoxication n 醉态,指因饮用酒精饮料或服用药物而使人在一定时间内减弱,甚至丧失辨认能力或控制能力的精神状态。
三、法院审理阶段 Indigent defendant、impoverished defendant 贫困被告人
the defendant would have the right to confront and cross-examine any witnesses against him or her.
convict 定罪, 有罪宣判,犯罪记录
convict v 定罪, 宣判
有罪,n 已决犯 convicted adj 已被定罪的
previous conviction/prior conviction 前科,后者更为常见。
acquit 宣告无罪,免除
The judge conducts the trial.If the evidence is weak, the judge can instruct the jury to acquit the accused.
An acquittal is not a finding of innocence ; it is simply a conclusion that the prosecution has not prove the case beyond a reasonable doubt.Release or discharge as from an obligation or responsibility etc.在民事领域表示免除义务,责任等。
Sentence 判刑、判决 n、v
Concurrent sentences 合并判决 consecutive sentence 连续执行的判决 Commute a sentence 减刑
beyond a reasonable doubt
in light of the seriousness of the penalties for violating a criminal law,both the constitution and statutory law-federal and state codes-impose strict sets of procedual rules to ensure that persons who are accused of criminal acts are tried fairly and convicted only if guilt has been established beyond a reasonable doubt.
Leading question、categorical question、suggestive question、suggestive interrogation 诱导性问题
五、刑罚执行阶段
Criminal sanction = penal sanction
capital punishment /death penalty Corporal punishment身体刑
correction 矫正 restoration n 恢复
community correction 社区矫正 correctional institution 矫正机构 prison ,jail (看守所,拘留所) lockup( 拘留所) ,reformatory 管教所, penal incarceration 刑事紧闭
rehabilitation 改造, probation 缓刑 probate 处以缓刑 ,parole 假释
Expunge v 销毁、抹掉,指除去记载在案卷、计算机或其他记录中的信息的行为,尤其指销毁犯罪记录。常见的用法是expunge of record(犯罪记录的销毁),指一定期间届满后或封存犯罪记录的法律程序。
Habitual offender n 惯犯,指因刑事犯罪而被多次定罪的人。初犯为“first-time offender”。Recidivist n 累犯。
Incarceration 关押、监禁,commitment 收监令
六、
homicide 中性词,译为杀人,包括murder 和 manslaughter 非预谋杀人
Manslaughter 包括 involuntary manslaughter 和 voluntary manslaughter
Homicide is a general term, it include murder, manslaughter , and other criminal homicides as well as noncriminal killings.Malice 预谋、恶意 malice aforethought 谋杀罪的恶意预谋
Homicide by misadventure 意外杀人 Mercy killing = euthanasia 安乐死
Abduction 诱拐 ,entice 诱骗, menace 威胁,traffic 贩卖 ,kidnap(绑架) open violence和ransom(赎金)没有必然联系。
Simple aault 单纯企图伤害,未造成伤害的结果。 robbery ,Armed robbery / highway robbery
inchoate crime 未完成罪
即未到达刑法要求的完整程度的犯罪行为,包括犯罪未遂 attempt,犯罪中止 renunciation、abandonment、withdrawal,共谋 conspiracy,以及骄傲所solicitation 。
infamous crime 不名誉罪
ransom n 赎回、赎金、赎出
smuggling 走私
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