英语科技论文翻译
2020-03-04 09:08:50 来源：范文大全收藏下载本文
3G TECHNOLOGY Abstract The 21 century is an ages of the information economy, being the 3G TECHNOLOGY of representative technologies this ages, will be at very fast speed develop soon in continuously creatively, and will go deep into the people\'s work, life and study.Therefore, control this technology and then seem to be more to deliver the importance.Now I mainly introduce some knowledge of the 3G TECHNOLOGY.
Keywords GPRS, TD-SCDMA，WCDMA , EDGE ,CDMA2000 , WAP , SYMBIAN
3 G, the third Generation, known as the Chinese meaning is refers to the third Generation of digital communication.The growth of the global 3G was rapidly in recent years.From 2002 to 2008, the 3 G operators have been gradually from the original is pale and management to the accelerated development .By June 2008, global 3 G users accumulative total up to 709 million, the total 84 countries and regions iued 3 G licenses, including effective certificate for 249 copies.
Our country of 3 G development is relatively later than the advanced countries.In 2009, China was officially forward 3 G time.In the economic crisis of the downturn state,
China\'s ministry of information industry iued three third generation mobile communication (3 G) license for China mobile, China telecom and China Unicom .China Mobile use our country with independent intellectual property rights of the 3 G standard TD-SCDMA , China Telecom get CDMA2000 license and China Unicom WCDMA license.2009 as China 3 G formal first commercial .
Although the technology behind 3G may seem complicated, the ways in which 3G will affect all of our lives are easy to imagine.Just imagine having a combined camera, video-camera, computer, stereo, and radio included in your mobile phone.Rich-media information and entertainment will be at your fingertips whenever you want anywhere there is a wirele network.
Mobile communication is moving from simple voice to rich media, where we use more of our senses to intensify our experiences.
But not all of this will happen at once.3G is an evolution to a communications ideal that no one completely understands yet.What we do know is that mobile multimedia will hit the Japanese markets in 2001, and Europe and North America will follow soon after.
3G brings together high-speed radio acce and IP-based services into one, powerful environment.The step towards IP is vital.IP is packet-based, which in simple terms, means users can be \"on line\" at all times, but without having to pay until we actually send or receive data.The connectionle nature of IP also makes acce a lot faster: file downloads can take a few seconds and we can be connected to our corporate network with a single click.
3G introduces wideband radio communications, with acce speeds of up to 2Mbit/s.Compared with today\'s mobile networks, 3G will significantly boost network capacityAt home 3G is going to affect our home and social lives in many ways.The services that 3G enables will help us to manage our personal information, simplify tasks such as grocery shopping, make better use of our time and offer services that are just fun to use.
Operators will be able to develop myriad new service opportunities to attract and retain new customers.Here are some examples:
· You\'re sitting on a train and use this \"dead\" time to log on to your bank account, check your balance and pay a few billsAt work
3G will not just support the needs of businepeople who travel a lot, but will also help new, flexible working practices, such as home-working and remote acce to corporate networks outside traditional working hours.Businepeople are often high-volume airtime users, so they represent a big opportunity for mobile operators.Here are some examples:
·
At work you receive a meage from your \"smart\" refrigerator at home.The meage tells you that certain items need restocking and an order has already been prepared for the local grocery store, which you can approve, so that your groceries are ready to collect on the way home.·
You are on the road, and urgently need to discu a draft presentation with a number of colleagues back in the office.Pulling into a service station, you use your 3G device to hold a telephone conference with your colleagues and, at the same time, you can all view the draft presentation and make changes on line.
·
A maintenance engineer is repairing some equipment on a client\'s premises and hits a problem.Using his 3G device, he contacts his department and downloads a demonstration video that guides him through the repair proce.
TECHNOLOGY 3G brings together two powerful forces: wideband radio communications and IP-based services.Together, these lay the groundwork for advanced Mobile Internet services, including personalized portals, \"infotainment\", mobile commerce and unified meaging -encompaing high-speed data, superior quality voice and video and location-based services.
Making 3G a reality depends on technology developments in different areas.These include
amendments to the radio interface to support wideband communications and in the core network.Supporting technologies, such as WAP and Bluetooth, also have an important role to play.This section provides a brief overview of some of the main technologies and developments involved.Ericon supports all of these technologies and has played an active role in their development.
·GPRS General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is an enhancement to existing GSM and TDMA networks that introduces packet data transmiion, enabling \"always on\" mobility.This means that users can choose to be permanently logged on to e-mail, Internet acce and other services, but do not have to pay for these services unle sending or receiving information.When EDGE is added to GPRS, these data rates will increase up to 384kbit/s.
GPRS will be implemented by adding new packet data nodes and upgrading existing nodes to provide a routing path for packet data between the mobile terminal and a gateway node.The gateway node will provide interworking with external packet data networks for acce to the Internet and intranets.
Benefits:
·Faster data speeds and \"always on\" mobility ·Almost instantaneous connection set-up
·Connection to an abundance of data sources around the world, through support for multiple protocols, including IP
·A step towards full 3G services.
·TD-SCDMA All called Time Division-Synchronous CDMA , this standard is formulated by mainland China alone the 3 G standard.On June 29, 1999, the China telecom science and technology and telecommunications research institute (Datang Telecom) to the ITU, but technical invention father put forward in Siemens AG.TD-SCDMA has the characteristics of low radiation, known as the green 3 G.This standard will intelligent wirele, synchronous CDMA and software radio today the international leading technology into which, in spectrum use efficiency, the busine support for flexibility, frequency flexibility and cost, and other aspects of the unique advantages.In addition, because of the huge market in China, the standard by the major telecommunications equipment manufacturer to the attention of the world, more than half of the equipment factory now announced that can support TD-SCDMA standards.This standard is made after 2.5 of the intermediate links, and the generation of directly to the 3 G transition, so it is suitable to GSM system to 3 G to upgrade.Military communication network is the core of TD-SCDMA task.
·WCDMA
Wideband Code Division Multiple Acce (WCDMA) is a wideband radio technique that provides far higher data rates than other radio techniques available today, up to 2Mbit/s, and highly efficient use of radio spectrum.
The higher bandwidth that WCDMA provides will deliver the full potential of 3G.For example,
WCDMA allows simultaneous acce to several voice, video and data services at once.
WCDMA is fully compliant with IMT-2000 and is the air interface technology for standards in the 2GHz bandwidth (the IMT-2000 core band), known as UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System) in Europe and ARIB (Aociation of Radio Industry Businees) in Japan.
Ericon has been at the forefront of WCDMA development.The company delivered an experimental WCDMA system to NTT DoCoMo in Japan back in 1998.Ericon has also set up WCDMA test systems around the world.At 2000, Ericon announced its first family of WCDMA base stations.
·EDGE
Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution (EDGE) enables GSM and TDMA operators to offer 3G services using existing network frequencies.By making changes and additions to standardization of evolutionary phases of the air interface and the backbone networks, as well as the migration to ALL-IP and multimedia networks.
·CDMA2000 CDMA2000 is a decidedly efficient 3G standard for the delivery of high bandwidth data and high capacity voice services.The evolution of the cdma2000 standard will enable mobile systems to offer data throughputs of 2 Mbit/sec and beyond.
The higher bandwidth that cdma2000 provides will deliver the full potential of 3G.For example, cdma2000 also allows simultaneous acce to several voice, video and data services at once.
CDMA2000 is fully compliant with IMT-2000 requirements for 3G.CDMA2000 will be implemented in the existing frequency bands of CMDA and TDMA at 800 and 1900 MHz, as well as in new spectrum at 2GHz in Japan.
Ericon is a leader in cdma2000 development, and a key driver in the standardization of evolutionary phases of the air interface and the backbone networks, as well as the migration to ALL-IP and multimedia networks.
·Bluetooth
Bluetooth is an open standard for two-way, short-wave radio communications between different devices.It marks the end of cables and cords between mobile phones, palmtops, portable PCs and printers, for example.Furthermore, Bluetooth enables information between such devices to be synchronized.Diary information held on a PDA can be updated automatically when within range of a Bluetooth-enabled PC.Bluetooth is also going to be important for machine-to-machine communicationshundreds of companies are members of the worldwide WAP Forum。 The latest version of the WAP standard, WAP 1.2.1, has recently been launched.
Our dedicated WAP consutants are ready to aist operators and service providers sharpen their competitive edge.They help today\'s businees adapt to the new economy and create cost-effective, innovative ways to communicate with customers.
What will 3G give us
People will enjoy the 3G time what services it provide, the image of that, 3G is video conference on that plane; 3G is patients receive timely aistance of medical experts; 3G is fans will not mi the NBA basketball game; 3G is to share with friends your beautiful vacation in Hawaii.· more and more 3G video phone
All along, we use QQ, MSN chat with friends remotely.As the mobile data transfer rate, image proceing, transmiion, mainly the acceptance of such display devices makes mobile video chat stranded.3G time to rely on high-speed 3G data transmiion network, which 3G mobile phone users can \"face to face\" conversation.Through mobile video, As far away from the mother via cell phone together, were falling through the mobile phone lovers can meet again.
·3G Push into the mobile phone shopping blowout Use the mobile internet shopping is a new way to shop, mobile shopping not only will be able to let consumer buy goods but also makes the satisfaction convenient for consumers to pick and choose goods compared with the constant .With the improvement of China\'s 3G network , more and more users will choose to phone shopping patterns.China\'s mobile phone shop will grow rapidly in a period.Online businees not only include clothing, books, cell phones, toys, audio-visual products and other daily goods put on the network shelf, cars, laptop computers, jewelry and other luxury goods are also options for the list.One need only log out of 3G mobile phone shopping website of product information, we can buy our favorite items.Online shopping is not only cheaper than the mall , better able to send home delivery.If not satisfied can return on schedule, on-line busine integrity committed to ensuring that the consumer\'s shopping safety.·Broadband Internet acce to mobile phones to be a \"small computer\" Although China has just begun the road to 3G, broadband internet acce busine has been a bright spot, we can send and receive voice meages on the phone, write a blog, chat, search, download and so on, as well as top-notch services such as online games, mobile navigation, online chat and so on.
·the key to the Mobile Office-OA system Although compared with traditional office, automation system greatly improves the working efficiency.However, the limitations of the region\'s OA system is limited to local area network applications, this office brings to enterprises a lot of inconvenience.Mobile office can keep in touch with units and complete work in anytime and at anywhere.3G mobile phones can download and install office, java and other office software, office software and hardware will be the traditional \"compreion\" in the palm of a large mobile phone. ·LCD TVs will be included in Mobile TV Mobile TV is to use with the operating system and streaming video-enabled smart phones to watch TV busine.It is a multimedia that use CMMB technology, whether it is GPRS mobile phone or CD- MA1X phone, need to be equipped with mobile terminal operating system to install the appropriate player software.TV programs from the corresponding mobile communication company or by the corresponding SP to organize and deliver.Despite the development of a thriving scene 3G, but because mobile streaming media software, smooth video images and other technical aspects of picture quality there are some problems, Mobile TV strides also takes some time.
3G技术
摘要：
21世纪是信息经济的时代，作为这个时代的代表技术，3G技术将在非常快的速度发展很快，不断创造性地将进入人们的工作，学习和生活中深。因此，控制这种技术，然后似乎更有重要性。现在，我主要介绍一些3G技术的知识。
关键字：探地雷达，TD-SCDMA，WCDMA，边缘，CDMA2000，桅索制动器，操作系统使用的手机设备
3G，全称为3rd Generation，中文含义就是指第三代数字通信。全球3G近年来快速成长，从2002年到2008年，全球3G运营商已经逐步从最初的惨淡经营转为现在的加速发展，截止2008年6月，全球3G用户累计已达到7.09亿，全球共有84个国家和地区发放了3G许可证，其中有效证为249张。
我国3G发展相对先进国家比较晚，2009年我国才正式迈进3G时代，在经济危机低迷的状态下，2009年1月7日，中国工业和信息化部为中国移动、中国电信和中国联通发放3张第三代移动通信（3G）牌照。中国移动使用我国具有自主知识产权的3G标准TD-SCDMA，中国电信获得CDMA2000牌照，中国联通获得WCDMA牌照。2009年成为中国3G正式商用年。
虽然在 3 G 后面的技术可能很复杂, 但是3 G 将会在我们生活中产生的影响是我们可以想象的。 仅仅想像在你的行动电话中加入照相机、摄像机、计算机、音响以及收音机功能。这样，无论何时何地你都将能够通过无线网络获得大量的媒体信息和娱乐。
移动通信正在由单一的语音通信向多媒体方向发展,通过此途径来加深我们对外界的感觉。
但不是这全部都将立刻发生。至今为止没有一个人能够完全掌握3G的发展的进程。我们唯一确信的是2001年多媒体移动通信将冲击日本市场，而且欧洲和北美也将很快发展多媒体通信市场。
3G在带来高速的语音通路之外还集以IP为基础的服务为一身,有强大的发展环境。向IP方向发展是至关重要的。IP技术是以简单的数据包传输为基础的, 可以使用户同时上网，但是不必花钱除了我们发送或接收数据。 IP 的自然无连接性可以大大提高存取速率: 文件下载只需要很短的时间，而且只需轻轻一点就能和网络连接上。
3G采用多频率通信技术,并且达到 2 Mbit/s 的通路速度。与现在的移动网络相比较,3G将会极大的提高网络容量-因此将能够支持更多的使用者, 同时能够提供更多复杂的服务。 3 GSynchronous CDMA(时分同步CDMA)，该标准是由中国大陆独自制定的3G标准，1999年6月29日，中国原邮电部电信科学技术研究院（大唐电信）向ITU提出，但技术发明始祖于西门子公司，TD-SCDMA具有辐射低的特点，被誉为绿色3G。该标准将智能无线、同步CDMA和软件无线电等当今国际领先技术融于其中，在频谱利用率、对业务支持具有灵活性、频率灵活性及成本等方面的独特优势。另外，由于中国内的庞大的市场，该标准受到各大主要电信设备厂商的重视，全球一半以上的设备厂商都宣布可以支持TD—SCDMA标准。 该标准提出不经过2.5代的中间环节，直接向3G过渡，非常适用于GSM系统向3G升级。军用通信网也是TD-SCDMA的核心任务。 · WCDMA
宽带码分多址接入技术 (WCDMA) 提供的数据传送速率远远大于现在我们采用的通信方式,提供高达2Mbit/s的传输速率, 大大提高了光纤对语音信号的传输率。 3G提供更宽的带宽是3G中存在的巨 大的潜能。例如，WCDMA能够使语音信号、视频信号和数据同时进行传输。
WCDMA完全遵照了IMT-2000提出的2GHz带宽标准(IMT-2000中心带宽),就像是在欧洲采用的UMTS(全球的移动传输系统)和日本采用的ARIB(语音信号工业标准联盟)。
爱立信在WCDMA的研发方面走在了前列。公司早在1988年就在日本为移动通信网络开始了WCDMA的实验活动。爱立信已经在全球建立了WCDMA的测试系统。在2000年，爱立信
宣布了他建立了WCDMA的基站。 ·EDGE 全球革命性的提高传输速率将是原来的GSM和TSMA运营商利用现有的设备提供3G服务。通过制定新的通信附加标准来对无线通信和网络中枢进化标准化,同时改革所有的IP业务和多媒体网络。 · cdma2000 cdma2000对于提高宽带传输速率和递送高质量的语音服务无疑是3G标准最有效率的。cdma2000标准的发展将会使移动通信系统能够提供2Mbit/sec的数据传输率甚至超过这个标准。 cdma2000提供的带宽向我们展示了3G的潜能。举例来说，cdma2000允许同时的传输多组声音图像数据。
cdma2000完全融合了IMT-2000标准，并且满足了3G的标准。cdma2000可以通过现有的CMDA和TDMA在800到1900 MHz的频段上实现,就像日本在2GHz的光谱中实现。
爱立信是cdma2000研发的先行者,它制定了对无线通信和网络中枢进行改革的新标准,同时也提出了对IP和多媒体网络进行改革的意见。 · 蓝牙
蓝牙是在不同的装置之间进行双通道短波传输的公开标准。举例来说,它的出现标志着通过电缆进行移动通信连接掌上电脑或笔记本电脑的时代已经过去。此外， 蓝牙能够说数据传输同步化。存储在智能数字助理上的日程表可以在个人计算机中蓝牙能够达到范围里面自动更新。蓝牙将成为通信领域中用于不同设备之间传输数据最重要的手段，同时它也将成为发展最快的发展领域。
蓝牙技术是终端和其他设备使用移动通信网络的关键。蓝牙即可应用到现在的2G网络也可以支持3G系统,它将会在未来的移动通信中占据越来越重要的地位。爱立信已经研制出了蓝牙装置,包括T36蓝牙手机和蓝牙掌上设备。
蓝牙是由爱立信公司首先研制的,但现在蓝牙主要是由一个特殊的世界组织来主管。 此技术已在所有电信器械生产商、计算机制造商以及芯片制造商中普及。 · Symbian Symbian是一个被包括爱立信，诺基亚，摩托罗拉和 Psion公司共同投资的项目。 Symbian的目标是通过以下两种方式提高其在移动通信市场的份额: · 第一, 通过发展软件的核心，优化系统结构，进一步的研发手机通信设备工具(例如个人数传助手，小巧的手机和通信器材)。
· 第二,制定移动设备传输信息的标准。Symbian的EPOC操作系统已经研制成功，而且爱立信已经在R380中使用了EPOC操作系统。 · 无线传输通讯协定
无线传输通讯协定(无线传输通讯协定)是一个全球性的协议，是通过移动设备访问英特网的公开标准。 它可以使用户通过移动设备例如手机和便携设备访问整个移动网络和受据库服务商,不用用不同的设备完成这些任务。
无线传输通讯协定允许统过建立“无线传输通讯协定微型浏览器”组织电话信息的方向, 同样地网络浏览器经由英特网-个人计算机提供在线服务。典型地，无线传输通讯协定监控屏将会显示各种不同的服务或数据入口的若干超链接。
和采用无线传输通讯协定的手机一样,爱立信也已经宣布研制出一种无线传输通讯协定来服务开发者的装备 (WapIDE) 和无线传输通讯协定出入口/代理,用移动的网络在英特网和局域网络环境中来桥接无线传输通讯协定申请和服务。 除此之外，爱立信提供应用专利, 像是爱立信本土化了英特网 (ELI) 给本地服务 , 提供时间和发展环境给无线传输通讯协定申请的无线传输通讯协定应用服务商 。
爱立信是无线传输通讯协定论坛的四个最初成员之一。自从 1997 以后，当它成立的时候, 无线传输通讯协定论坛已经得到广泛的工业厂商的支持，他们大部分都是是世界无线传输通讯协定论坛的成员。最新版的无线传输通讯协定标准，无线传输通讯协定 1.2.1,刚刚被开发出来。
我们将尽全力来推进无线传输通讯协定，准备协助运营商和服务提供商在竞争中处与更有利的地位。 这有助于我们调整现今的业务来适应新经济的发展，更有效的利用资源，用创新的方法与客户沟通。
3G能给我们带来什么
3G时代人们将会享受到他为我们提供的哪些服务呢，形象的说，3G就是飞机上的视频会议；3G就是病人接受及时救助的医学专家；3G就是篮球迷不会错过的NBA比赛；3G就是与朋友共享你在夏威夷的美好假期。 · 视频手机因3G勃兴而扬帆启航
一直以来，我们通过QQ、MSN等视频聊天功能，与亲朋好友进行远程视频聊天。由于手机数据传输速率、图像处理传输、接受显示设备等达不到要求使得手机视频聊天搁浅。3G时代依靠3G网络的数据高速传输，从而3G手机用户可以“面对面”交谈。通过手机视频，相距万水千山的母子能够通过手机相聚，分别日久的恋人能够通过手机重逢。 · ３Ｇ推动手机购物进入井喷期
用手机上网购物是一种新的购物方式，手机购物不仅让消费者足不出户就能买到满意商品 更使得消费者能够方便快捷的对商品进行挑选比较，随着我国3G网络的不断完善，越来越多的用户将会选择手机购物模式。我国的手机购物将会迎来一个高速增长期。
网上商家不仅将服装、图书、手机、玩具、音像制品等日常商品摆上网络货架，汽车、笔记本电脑、珠宝等高档商品也在备选之列。人们只要拿出３Ｇ手机登陆购物网站查询商品信息，就能够买到心仪的物品。网上购物价格不仅比商场便宜，更能够送货到家，如果不满意可以按期退货，网上商家诚信承诺保证了消费者的购物安全。 · 宽带上网使手机成为“小电脑”
虽然中国的3G之路刚刚开始，宽带上网已是亮点业务，我们能在手机上收发语音邮件、写博客、聊天、搜索、下载等，还有拔尖业务，如网络游戏、手机导航、网上聊天等。 · 手机办公—OA系统桎梏开启的钥匙
传统自动化办公系统虽然较之从前大大提高了办公效率，然而区域的局限使的 OA系统仅限于应用局域网，这给企事业单位办公带来了很多的不方便。手机办公可以随时随地与单位的信息系统保持联系，完成办公功能越来越受到人们的青睐。３Ｇ手机可以下载安装office、java等办公软件，将传统办公软硬件“压缩”在手掌大的手机上。 · 手机电视将液晶电视收入囊中
手机电视是利用具有操作系统和流媒体视频功能的智能手机观看电视的业务，它是利用CMMB技术推出的便携式的移动的多媒体，不管是 GPRS手机还是CD－
MA1X手机，都需要在装有操作系统的手机终端上安装相应的播放软件，而相应的电视节目则由移动通信公司或者通过相应的SP来组织和提供。尽管３Ｇ发展一片欣欣向荣的景象，然而由于手机流媒体软件，视频影像的流畅、画面质量等技术方面存有问题，手机电视大踏步前进还需要时日。
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