高中英语《定语从句》语法教案

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定语从句在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常 出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。

关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。

关系副词有:when, where, why等。

18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词所代替的先行词是充当人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

1)who, whom, that 代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中作主语和宾语。

例如:Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

2)whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,等同于of which)。 例如:They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。

Please pa me the book whose(of which)cover is green.

请递给我那本绿皮的书。

3)which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。

例如:A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.

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(对) This is the mountain village(which)I visited last year.

(对) I'll never forget the days(which)I spent in the countryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。

方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。

例1.Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?

A.where B.that

C.on which

D.the one 例2.Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.

A.where B.that

C.on which

D.the one 答案:例1 D,例2 A

例1变为肯定句: This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago. 例2变为肯定句: This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.

在句1中,所缺部分为宾语,而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用,而the one既做了主句的表语,又可做从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选D。

而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因 in the museum词组,可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中,介词on 用的不对,所以选A。

关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose);先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语,when 时间状语,why 原因状语) 。

18.4 限制性和非限制性定语从句

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1)介词后面的关系词不能省略。

2)that前不能有介词。

3)某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。例如:

This is the house in which I lived two years ago. This is the house where I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。

Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗?

Do you remember the day when you joined our club? 18.6 as, which 非限定性定语从句

由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句,as和which可代整个主句,相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首,which在句中。 例如:As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.

如我们所知,吸烟有害健康。

The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 太阳使地球暖起来,这对我们人类很重要。

典型例题

1)Alice received an invitation from her bo, ___came as a surprise.

A.it

B.that

C.which

D.he

答案C.此为非限定性从句,不能用 that修饰,而用which.,it 和he 都使后句成为句子,两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。

2)The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could

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主语,谓语动词know要用被动式。

18.8 what/whatever; that/what; who/whoever

1)what = the thing which;whatever = anything。例如:

What you want has been sent here.你要的动词都送来了。

Whatever you want makes no difference to me.

不管你要什么,跟我没什么关系。

2) who= the person that

whoever= anyone who。例如:

(错)Who breaks the law will be punished.

(错)Whoever robbed the bank is not clear.

(对)Whoever breaks the law will be punished.

王子犯法,与庶民同罪。

(对)Who robbed the bank is not clear.谁抢了银行还不清楚。

3) that 和 what

当that引导定语从句时,通常用作关系代词,而引导名词性从句时,是个不充当任何成分的连接词。宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略。What只能引导名词性从句,用作连接代词,作从句的具体成分,且不能省略。例如:

I think(that)you will like the stamps.我想你会喜欢这些邮票的。

What we need is more practice.我们需要的是更多的实践。

18.9 关系代词that 的用法

1) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

1、先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级修饰时

eg.This is the first job that I have taken up.

This is the most interesting novel that I have ever read.

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4、当关系代词后面有插入语时。

例如:Here is the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.这就是我跟你说过的会有助于你学好英语的那本英语语法书。

5、先行词为that时

例如:The clock is that which can tell us the time.钟是报时的装置。

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