6月雅思阅读模拟练习：Life leons
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READING PASSAGE1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14–26, which are based on Reading Paage 2 below.
Life leons from villains, crooks and gangsters
(A) A notorious Mexican drug baron’s audacious escape from prison in July doesn’t, at first, appear to have much to teach corporate boards.But some in the busine world suggest otherwise.Beyond the morally reprehensible side of criminals\' work, some busine gurus say organised crime syndicates, computer hackers, pirates and others operating outside the law could teach legitimate corporations a thing or two about how to hustle and respond to rapid change.
(B) Far from encouraging illegality, these gurus argue that – in the same way big corporations sometimes emulate start-ups – busine leaders could learn from the underworld about flexibility, innovation and the ability to pivot quickly.“There is a nimblene to criminal organisations that legacy corporations [with large, complex layers of management] don’t have,” said Marc Goodman, head of the Future Crimes Institute and global cyber-crime advisor.While traditional businees focus on rules they have to follow, criminals look to circumvent them.三立教育www.daodoc.com
“For criminals, the sky is the limit and that creates the opportunity to think much, much bigger.”
(C) Joaquin Guzman, the head of the Mexican Sinaloa drug cartel, for instance, slipped out of his prison cell through a tiny hole in his shower that led to a mile-long tunnel fitted with lights and ventilation.Making a break for it required creative thinking, long-term planning and perseverance – eential skills similar to those needed to achieve succe in big busine.
(D) While Devin Liddell, who heads brand strategy for Seattle-based design consultancy, Teague, condemns the violence and other illegal activities he became curious as to how criminal groups endure.Some cartels stay in busine despite multiple efforts by law enforcement on both sides of the US border and millions of dollars from international agencies to shut them down.Liddell genuinely believes there’s a leon in longevity here.One strategy he underlined was how the bad guys respond to change.In order to bypa the border between Mexico and the US, for example, the Sinaloa cartel went to great lengths.It built a vast underground tunnel, hired family members as border agents and even used a catapult to circumvent a high-tech fence.
(E) By contrast, many legitimate businees fail because they hesitate to adapt quickly to changing market winds.One high-profile example is movie and game rental company Blockbuster, which didn’t keep up with the market and lost busine to mail order video rentals and streaming technologies.The brand has all but faded from view.Liddell argues the difference between the two groups is that 三立教育www.daodoc.com
criminal organisations often have improvisation encoded into their daily behaviour, while larger companies think of innovation as a set proce.“This is a leadership challenge,” said Liddell.“How well companies innovate and organise is a reflection of leadership.”
Left-field thinking
(F) Cash-strapped start-ups also use unorthodox strategies to problem solve and build their businees up from scratch.This creativity and innovation is often borne out of neceity, such as tight budgets.Both criminals and start-up founders “question authority, act outside the system and see new and clever ways of doing things,” said Goodman.“Either they become Elon Musk or El Chapo.” And, some entrepreneurs aren’t even afraid to operate in legal grey areas in their effort to disrupt the marketplace.The co-founders of music streaming service Napster, for example, knowingly broke music copyright rules with their first online file sharing service, but their technology paved the way for legal innovation as regulators caught up.
(G) Goodman and others believe thinking hard about problem solving before worrying about restrictions could prevent established companies falling victim to rivals le constrained by tradition.In their book The Misfit Economy, Alexa Clay and Kyra Maya Phillips examine how individuals can apply that mindset to become more innovative and entrepreneurial within corporate structures.They studied not just violent criminals like Somali pirates, but others who break the rules in order to find creative solutions to their busine problems, such as people living in the slums 三立教育www.daodoc.com
of Mumbai or computer hackers.They picked out five common traits among this group: the ability to hustle, pivot, provoke, hack and copycat.
(H) Clay gives a Saudi entrepreneur named Walid Abdul-Wahab as a prime example.Abdul-Wahab worked with Amish farmers to bring camel milk to American consumers even before US regulators approved it.Through perseverance, he eventually found a network of Amish camel milk farmers and started selling the product via social media.Now his company, Desert Farms, sells to giant mainstream retailers like Whole Foods Market.Those on the fringe don’t always have the option of traditional, corporate jobs and that forces them to think more creatively about how to make a living, Clay said.They must develop grit and resilience in order to last outside the cushy confines of cubicle life.“In many cases scarcity is the mother of invention,” Clay said.
Questions 14-21
Reading Paage 2 has eight paragraphs A-H.Match the headings below with the paragraphs.Write the correct letter, A-H, in boxes 14-21 on your answer sheet.
14.Jailbreak with creative thinking
15.Five common traits among rule-breakers
16.Comparison between criminals and traditional businemen
17.Can drug baron\'s espace teach legitimate corporations?
18.Great entrepreneur
19.How criminal groups deceive the law 三立教育www.daodoc.com
20.The difference between legal and illegal organisations
21.Similarity between criminals and start-up founders
Questions 22–25
Complete the sentences below.
Write ONLY ONE WORD from the paage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 22–25 on your answer sheet.
22.To escape from a prison, Joaquin Guzman had to use such traits as creative thinking, long-term planning and _______.
23.The Sinaloa cartel built a grand underground tunnel and even used a _______ to avoid the fence.
24.The main difference between two groups is that criminals, unlike large corporations, often have _______ encoded into their daily life.
25.Due to being persuasive, Walid Abdul-Wahab found a _______ of Amish camel milk farmers.
Question 26
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
26.The main goal of this article is to:
A Show different ways of illegal activity
B Give an overview of various criminals and their gangs
C Draw a comparison between legal and illegal busine, providing examples 三立教育www.daodoc.com
D Justify criminals with creative thinking 如上就是三立网课教育小编为大家带来的2018年6月雅思阅读模拟练习：Life leons的相关资讯，掌握最新雅思资讯，敬请关注（三立在线教育雅思网）更多雅思考试资讯以及备考资料免费领！
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