英语导游词

岳阳楼英文导游辞

Good morning! Ladies and gentlemen:

Today we will go and visit the Yueyang Tower.Yueyang Tower lies in the west of Yueyang city, nearby the Dongting Lake.It is listed as three famous towers in the south of Yangtze River, together with Yellow Crane Tower at Wuhan, Hubei province and Tengwang Tower at Nanchang, Jiangxi province.

Yueyang Tower was originally built for soldiers to rest on and watch out.In the Three kingdoms Period, Lusu, General of Wu State, trained his soldiers here and then rebuilt it as a tower to review his troops.

In the forth year (716 A.C) of Kaiyuan of Tang Dynasty, General Zhangshuo was dispatched to defend at yuezhou and he rebuilt it into a Tower named South Tower, and then Yueyang Tower.In the forth year (1044 A.C) of Qingli of Song Dynasty, Teng Zijing was stationed at Baling Jun, the ancient name of Yueyang city.In the second year, he had the Yueyang Tower repaired and had poems by previous poets inscribed on the walls of the Tower.Fan Zhongyan, a great artist and poet, was invited to write the well-known poem about Yueyang Tower, in his eay which entitled \"A Panegyric of the Yueyang Tower\", the two sentences Fan writes : \"Be the first to worry about the troubles acro the land, the last to enjoy universal happine\" have for thousands of years been a well-quoted dictum and made the tower even better known then before.

The architectural style of Yueyang Tower is quite unique.The main tower is 21.35 meters high with 4 columns, 3 stories, flying eave, helmet roof and wood construction, the helmet- roof of such a large dimension is a rarity among the ancient architectures in China.

Entering the tower, you\'ll pa the famous couplet: \"Dongting is the water of the world, Yueyang is the tower of the world.\" Moving on, there is a platform (Dianjiang tai) that once functioned as the training ground for the navy of Three-Kingdom period general Lusu.To its south is the Huaifu Pavilion in memory of Dufu (712-770AD), who was the famous poet during the Tang dynasty and wrote the famous poem and later died in the city.Stepping out of the Xiaoxiang Door, the Saint Plum Pavilion (Xianmei ting) and the Three Drunkards Pavilion (Sanzui ting) can be seen standing on two sides.In the garden to the north of the tower is the tomb of Xiaoqiao, the wife of Zhouyu, another famous Three-Kingdom general.南岳大庙导游词

各位团友：

大家好！欢迎各位来南岳衡山观光旅游，很高兴能和大家一起参观有\"江南小故宫\"之称的南岳大庙，并很荣幸能和大家共度一段美好时光，祝大家游得开心，玩得尽兴！

各位团友，现在呈现在我们眼前的这座宫殿式古建筑群，就是有名的南岳大庙，位于南岳古镇北端，赤帝峰下。它是一组集民间祠庙、佛教寺院、道教宫观及皇宫建筑于一体的建筑群，也是我国南方及五岳之中规模最大的庙宇，占地面积98500平方米。始建年代不详，地方?I有记载的大庙最早建于唐开元十三年（公元725年），历经宋、元、明、清历朝各代六次大火和十六次重修扩建，现存建筑于清光绪八年（公元1882年）重建，它是仿照北京故宫建的宫殿式的古建筑群，因此有\"江南小故宫\"之美称。中轴线上的主体建筑由棂星门、奎星阁、正川门（正南门）、御碑亭、嘉应门、御书楼、正殿、寝宫和北后门九进、四重院落组成。东边有八个道观、西边有八个佛寺，中轴线上则是儒家的建筑风格。虽然儒、释、道三教信仰不同，追求各异，但他们长期以来友好相处、共同发展、同存共荣。儒、释、道三教共存一庙，这是我国乃至世界庙宇中绝无仅有的。早在明清时期，大庙就以其出色的木刻、石雕、泥塑被誉为\"江南三绝\"。同时以八百蛟龙为最大特色，无论殿宇的梁柱、屋檐，还是柱基、神座，乃至门框、斗拱，神态各异的蛟龙，随处可见，原来这里自古就有八百蛟龙护南岳的传说。

我们现在所站的这座石拱桥，叫\"寿涧\"桥，桥下是寿涧水，盛传\"取岳山之水可以延年益寿\"，因为南岳是寿山、寿岳，所以这座桥，是因水而得名的。相传，如果谁能三步跨过这座桥，便可长命百岁。

各位请抬头看看大庙的正门叫什么门？有谁能认出第一个字来？（停顿）这位小姐说对啦，念\"灵\"字音，有好些人认不出此字，这也难怪，因为用这个\"棂\"字冠以庙门的很少见。不知诸位是否去过山东孔庙，孔庙的正门即是棂星门，其实，在中国也只有这两处\"棂星门\"。那是为什么呢？因为棂星本是28宿之一，叫天田星。据《星经》记载：门以\"棂星\"命名，意思是人才辈出，为国所用。因此，一般的庙宇绝不可用\"棂星\"来命名。要用\"棂星\"冠以庙门，必须达到三个很苛刻的要件：第一，是规模较大、气势宏伟的庙宇；第二，必须是人才辈出的地方；第三，须皇帝下诏书。达到以上三个条件才能建棂星门，可见，我们南岳确实是个人杰地灵的风水宝地。凡是出入此门的人，都将成为祖国各条战线上的栋梁之才。请各位仔细看看棂星门的对联，看有谁能将它正确念出？这位老先生念得很准：棂环?e字，槛绕回文，仰台阁辉煌，是谓仙宸帝阙；星敛贪狼，风仪和凤，喜山河奠定，同游化日光天。这是副老联新刻的联语，它高度赞扬了大庙佛道并存及建筑规模之辉煌和祖国形势之大好。在棂星门上方的汉白玉碑上，有金光闪闪的\"岳庙\"二字，是衡山学者康和声所书。门原是木结构的，到民国二十一年（1932年）才换成花岗石门，门高和宽均为20米，厚1.1米，是我国现存的最高、最宽的石质牌坊大门。牌坊上的坊顶，方中有圆，圆中有方，大家想想看这是个什么呢？对啦，是颗石印，象征南岳圣帝的玉玺，寓示着南岳庙至高无上的地位。门前这两只古朴大方、形态逼真的石狮（西边一只为雄狮戏珠，东边一只为母狮戏仔），常年蹲在这里，喜迎四海嘉宾进入这吉祥之门。

各位朋友，请跟随我一起循着昔日皇宫贵族的足迹迈入棂星门逐一参观游览。跨入棂星门，即是一个翠柏夹道、古树参天，绿草如茵的庭院。院内左右有水火池（俗称放生池），两边有东西碑亭。东亭中置有明成化年间尚书商辂撰写的《重修南岳庙记》碑刻；西亭中置有宋代范纯仁撰写的《祭衡岳文》碑。

前面所见的这座古朴典雅、精致玲珑的楼阁叫奎星阁，又名盘龙亭，此为大庙的第二进。它为重檐歇山顶建筑，面积139平方米。大家看到，阁楼上有\"戏台\"二字，的确，这是湖南省保存最完好的一座古戏台。为何称为\"戏台\"呢？据说历代帝王天子或朝庭命官来岳祭拜岳神时，地方官员都要请一些戏班子和民间艺人前来演唱，以增添喜庆气氛。戏台基座上有四个大铜钱孔，这些铜钱孔起什么作用？它们起扩音的作用，同时也象征着国富民强，国泰民安。如今回首看看戏台两侧保存下来的\"静听之\"、\"细思之\"的题字，实在令人感慨万千。在戏台的中央顶部，有一条巨大的木雕盘龙，由香樟树雕刻而成，雕刻技术高超，工艺精湛，而且还会转动哩！故此亭又叫盘龙亭。

既是戏台，又名盘龙亭，那为何称\"奎星阁\"呢？大家清楚，魁星乃文曲星之首，《孝经》记载：\"奎主文章\"，后人进而把奎星演化为文官之首，主管文人学士成败命运。在三楼阁顶内原塑有一尊右手执笔、左手捧斗、形态森然的奎星塑像，以示崇文之意。相传谁被他点中，就会连中三元，即古代科举考试中的解元、会元和状元。现在有很多望子成龙的父母都带着子女前来这神奇的奎星阁祭拜，希望能如愿以偿。

阁楼两侧有钟、鼓二亭，左边钟亭原有一口九千斤重的大钟，右边鼓亭原有一个直径2米的大鼓，据传钟鼓齐鸣可以镇住洪水，使龙王不敢兴风作浪，以保国泰民安。

眼前这座很象一个\"川\"字的三个半圆形门叫\"川门\"，也叫正南门，是岳庙的第三进，门洞高15米，全由青砖砌成，川门分为正川门和东西川门。正川门在古代时只有帝王天子和朝庭命官才能通行，平民百姓，只能走东、西川门。门洞上原有一栋造型别致，四周有棂窗的大阁楼，可惜在1944年被日军炸毁，后来整修成平台，登上平台可以俯瞰大庙全景。现在我们所见的阁楼为1997年重建。

过了川门，即到了第四进御碑亭。亭系木结构，为八角重檐攒尖顶，红柱碧瓦，雀替斗拱，脊兽齐备、玲珑夺目，八个飞檐角均挂有鱼尾铁钟，风动钟响，清脆动听。此亭又叫百寿亭，亭的四周檐板上撰写了200个篆体各异的\"寿\"字，每个寿字构思巧妙，无一雷同，意思是住在\"寿岳\"的人们能延年益寿。亭内是清康熙四十七年所立的御制青石碑，碑高6.6米，重约四千斤，上刻清圣祖玄烨亲撰《重修南岳庙记》碑文279字，内容叙述了康熙年间重修南岳大庙的经过，遗憾的是康熙皇帝的手迹毁于*之中，石碑顶上有双龙捧日的浅雕盘龙，栩栩如生。碑座有龟趺，是由一整块青石镂凿而成，重20吨。我们所见的这青石龟有几种说法，一说为龙子，相传龙生九子，各有奇能，此乃龙王的第九个儿子叫?F?粒?它好文不好武，且擅长负重，据说碑碣立在他的背上便可久经沧桑而不倒，永存后世。因此，历代都用它驮着御碑，供游人欣赏。二说此青石龟叫千年长寿吉祥龟，非常有灵气，人们都说\"摸摸龟头，一生不愁；摸摸龟背，大富大贵；摸摸龟身，财运（官运）亨通；摸摸龟尾，办事不累；摸摸龟爪，一切都好；从头摸到尾，万事不后悔\"。大家不妨试试，带些灵气回家哦！关于这只乌龟的来历还有一民间传说，由于时间关系，暂且不说。大家若有兴趣，稍后再讲述给各位听。

看完御碑亭，让我们接着参观第五进嘉应门，嘉应门是历史上迎接宾客的仪门。古人云：\"天地顺而嘉应降\"，\"嘉应\"是有客从远方而来的意思。历代皇帝及朝庭命官来南岳祭祀，地方官员和庙祝都在此恭候迎接。此门宽36.8米，深16米，高18米，为单檐歇山七开间建筑，是整个大庙最宽的地方。门内外原有历代祭祀祝文，修庙碑记及众多的名人雅士的诗词文赋碑刻，不同时代，不同书体，各有千秋，蔚为壮观。可惜在*中被砸毁，现仅存有清代张凤枝、卞宝弟《重修岳庙记》两块碑刻。嘉应门两侧是东、西回廊，各有厢房53间，东回廊外有八座道观，西回廊外为八个佛寺，分别供僧、道居住。这八寺、八观表示原本势不两立、水火不相容、佛道不相存的佛道两教在南岳衡山这个神奇的地方，两教地位平等，同存共荣。这种独特的佛、道教共存的现象，堪称一绝。

现在我们往前看到的则是第六进御书楼。楼内原藏有御制匾七块和历代祭文与祝文及加封岳神碑等。遗憾的是这些珍贵文物都毁于十年浩劫之中。御书楼现为文物展览之所，主要展出南岳附近出土及收藏的200余件珍贵文物。这些对研究古代南岳的政治、经济、军事、文化等方面都具有重大价值。

穿过御书楼，展现在各位眼前的这座气势雄伟，金碧辉煌，雕梁画栋，仿照故宫太和殿式的建筑，便是整个大庙的精华所在??即第七进圣帝殿，又叫正殿。它凌空屹立在十六级石阶之上，为重檐歇山式建筑，殿基长35.3米，宽53.68米，高31.11米，占地面积1877平方米。正殿不仅是整个大庙的最高建筑物，而且高出南岳古镇所有建筑物，以显示其至高无上的地位。殿内外共有72根石柱，象征着南岳72峰。

我们现在所见的正殿前端的两座对称的宝库，是供香客焚化香纸炮烛的熔炉。很久以来，一直盛传着\"南岳圣帝有求必应，照远不照近\"。的确每年来自国内外进香朝拜的客人数以百万计，且很多人年年都来朝拜。右边的这座宝库是供活着的人祈福焚香用的，左边的一座则是为祭祀先人焚香的地方，请各位在烧香时可不要烧错了香炉哟。\"既然南岳圣帝照远不照近，那么，南岳人一定不信南岳圣帝??。\"确实南岳人平时很少拜圣帝，但在南岳却形成了一个约定俗成的规矩，就是当地居民在每年大年初一日开门的第一件事一定是带着香、炮、烛去大庙给南岳圣帝拜年，在给圣帝拜年的途中遇到亲朋好友、同事等视而不见，互不招呼。而在大年三十的夜晚，随着新年钟声的敲响，佛、道两教的高僧高道聚集在圣帝殿前举行隆重的新年祈福法会，那时人声鼎沸、鞭炮震天、欢天喜地、热闹非凡。因而参加新年祈福法会（烧头香），便成了南岳最有吸引力的特色旅游项目。大家看到通往正殿前的16级石阶中的这条汉白玉拜殿游龙，昂首拽尾，相传它不甘拜圣，欲飞天遁逃，结果被雷神击落在殿前，摔成五节，让它永远看守正殿，以示惩罚。

请各位抬头看正殿屋脊上有许多陶龙，大的长达三米，小的不足一尺，陶龙作为建筑装饰物始于唐代，现在屋顶所见的这些陶龙都是清朝时留下的原物，涂上彩釉，经过高温烧制成型，任凭日晒雨淋，冰封雪冻，都永葆色彩鲜艳，是陶瓷工艺中的佼佼者。殿屋脊中央是一个高4.55米，重千斤的七节青铜葫芦，脊角两端各有一把长一米，重三百斤的青铜宝剑，铸造光洁，历久不锈，既起避雷作用，又起装饰效果，使整个大殿增添壮丽神奇的色彩，得到国内外不少建筑、冶金专家的称赞。大殿四周有花岗石钩栏，126个石柱上雕有狮、象、麒麟、形态可掬。144块汉白玉栏板都是双面浮雕，刻有飞禽走兽，花鸟虫鱼和田园风光等，内容大都取材于《山海经》上的神话和历代传说典故。雕刻刀法刚健、线条流畅、构图奇巧。正殿前门的木??门页上是一组\"卧冰求鲤\"的《二十四孝图》、《十八学士图》和三十六台古典故事浮雕，维妙维肖，形象逼真，精彩动人。在72根石柱中，只有正门前两根是由整块花岗石凿成，柱高6米，直径1米，重达14吨，其余70根均由两截连接而成。

大殿正中汉白玉基座的神龛内，供奉着高达6.3米的南岳司天昭圣帝，也就是祝融火神。祝融是上古轩辕时代黄帝手下的一名火正官，由于他以火施化、教民熟食、生火御寒、举火驱兽，其功德光融天下，黄帝命他为火正官（火神、赤帝）。并委任他主管南方事物，祝融以南岳衡山为栖息之所，死后葬于衡山，人们为了纪念他，便以衡山最高峰命名为祝融峰，并建祠纪念，埋葬他的山头叫赤帝峰。历代帝王都派出大臣来南岳隆重祭祀，祈求圣帝\"以卫社稷，而福生灵\"。圣帝左右立着金、吴二将，两侧是吏、户、礼、兵、刑、工六部尚书。神龛背面画有\"老龙教子\"巨幅壁画，幅面高7.4米，宽6.3米。各位请抬头看，石柱上承木柱，架接大梁，大梁用四个巨大的木雕彩凤花瓶的叶瓣支撑上面的梁架，几百个斗拱，一个个、一层层递叠到屋顶。真是木雕彩凤绕梁翩翩起舞，梁柱盘龙张牙舞爪，殿上木雕刻画维妙维肖。殿后大门上的\"五龙朝圣\"石刻活灵活现，呼之欲出；檐中的丹凤朝阳，三龙戏珠泥塑更是栩栩如生。整个殿宇由彩绘装饰得富丽堂皇，真可谓是集建筑艺术之大成，是一座雕刻的艺术宫苑。特别是反映数千年传统文化的木雕、石刻、泥塑，数量之多、品种之全、技艺之高超，无不令人惊叹。这些都反映了古代劳动人民精湛的技艺、高超的智慧。

大庙的第八进是寝宫，又称圣公圣母殿。殿中神座上原设有南岳圣帝与夫人景明后坐像，圣帝父母亲坐像，殿内原有万斤铜佛趺坐，可惜在*中被付之一炬。现在所看到的是1990年重塑的圣公圣母坐像。圣公圣母是保佑夫妻恩爱、白头到老，百年好合的。各位可一定要拜拜他们??。

北后门为岳庙最后一进，是岳庙中轴线上的终点。后门为单檐硬山三开间，东有注生殿，代表道教，祀注生真君，亦称南斗星君。东晋《授神记》载，南斗注生，北斗注死，注生之名，即由此而来。西有辖神殿，又称辖神祠，主祀辖神总管像，代表佛教。一观一寺再次体现了南岳佛道并存的特色。

好，南岳大庙到这里就参观完了，非常感谢大家的支持与合作，希望这次南岳之行能给各位留下美好的回忆，不到之处敬请各位提出宝贵意见。同时竭诚欢迎各位再次光临南岳衡山，再见

紫禁城英文介绍

Lying at the center of Beijing, the Forbidden City, called Gu Gong, in Chinese, was the imperial palace during the Ming and Qing dynasties.Now known as the Palace Museum, it is to the north of Tiananmen Square.Rectangular in shape, it is the world‗s largest palace complex and covers 74 hectares.Surrounded by a six meter deep moat and a ten meter high wall are 9,999 buildings.The wall has a gate on each side.Opposite the Tiananmen Gate, to the north is the Gate of Devine Might (Shenwumen), which faces Jingshan Park.The distance between these two gates is 960 meters, while the distance between the gates in the east and west walls is 750 meters.There are unique and delicately structured towers on each of the four corners of the curtain wall.These afford views over both the palace and the city outside.The Forbidden City is divided into two parts.The southern section, or the Outer Court was where the emperor exercised his supreme power over the nation.The northern section, or the Inner Court was where he lived with his royal family.Until 1924 when the last emperor of China was driven from the Inner Court, fourteen emperors of the Ming dynasty and ten emperors of the Qing dynasty had reigned here.Having been the imperial palace for some five centuries, it houses numerous rare treasures and curiosities.Listed by UNESCO as a World Cultural Heritage Site in 1987, the Palace Museum is now one of the most popular tourist attractions world wide.

Construction of the palace complex began in 1407, the 5th year of the Yongle reign of the third emperor of the Ming dynasty.It was completed fourteen years later in 1420.It was said that a million workers including one hundred thousand artisans were driven into the long-term hard labor.Stone needed was quarried from Fangshan, a suburb of Beijing.It was said a well was dug every fifty meters along the road in order to pour water onto the road in winter to slide huge stones on ice into the city.Huge amounts of timber and other materials were freighted from faraway provinces.Ancient Chinese people displayed their very considerable skills in building the Forbidden City.Take the grand red city wall for example.It has an 8.6 meters wide base reducing to 6.66 meters wide at the top.The angular shape of the wall totally frustrates attempts to climb it.The bricks were made from white lime and glutinous rice while the cement is made from glutinous rice and egg whites.These incredible materials make the wall extraordinarily strong.

Since yellow is the symbol of the royal family, it is the dominant color in the Forbidden City.Roofs are built with yellow glazed tiles; decorations in the palace are painted yellow; even the bricks on the ground are made yellow by a special proce.However, there is one exception.Wenyuange, the royal library, has a black roof.The reason is that it was believed black represented water then and could extinguish fire.

Nowadays, the Forbidden City, or the Palace Museum is open to tourists from home and abroad.Splendid painted decoration on these royal architectural wonders, the grand and deluxe halls, with their surprisingly magnificent treasures will certainly satisfy \"modern civilians\".

明清两代皇帝居住的宫城叫做紫禁城。紫禁城有两座，一在北京，一在南京。南京紫禁城是明太祖朱元璋和建文帝朱允 4位皇帝和清代10位皇帝。他们在这里君临天下，统治中国491年，将近五个世纪。

这座故宫为什么称为紫禁城呢？原来，中国古代天文学说，根据对太空天体的长期观察，认为紫微星垣居于中天，位置永恒不变，是天帝所居。因而，把天帝所居的天宫谓之紫宫，有―紫微正中‖之说。

封建皇帝自称是天帝的儿子，是真龙天子；而他们所居住的皇宫，被比喻为天上的紫宫。他们更希望自己身居紫宫，可以施政以德，四方归化，八面来朝，这到江山永固，以维护长期统治的目的。

明清两代的皇帝，出于维护他们自己的权威和尊严以及考虑自身的安全，所修建的皇宫，既富丽堂皇，又森严壁垒。这座城池，不仅宫殿重重，楼阁栉比，并围以10米多高的城墙和52米宽的护城河，而且哨岗林立，戒备森严。平民百姓不用说观赏一下楼台殿阁，就是看一看门额殿角，也是绝对不允许的。

明清皇帝及其眷属居住的皇宫，除了为他们服务的宫女、太监、侍卫之外，只有被召见的官员以及被特许的人员才能进入。这里是外人不能逾越雷池一步禁区。因此，明清两代的皇宫，既喻为紫宫，又是禁地，故旧称紫禁城。

北京紫禁城占地面积724250平方米，还没把护城河和护城河与城墙的绿化带计算在内。宫殿房屋建筑面积为155000平立米。紫禁城是一座长方形的城池，南北长961米，东西宽753米，四周有高10米多的城墙围绕，城墙的外沿周长为3428米（城墙外有宽52米的护城河，是护卫紫禁城的重要设施）。城墙四边各有一门，南为午门，北为神武门，东为东华门，西为西华门。城墙的四角有四座设计精巧的角楼。

北京紫禁城筹建于明成祖永乐(公元1404年～公元1424年)五年，兴建于永乐十五年至十八年。整个营造工程由侯爵陈圭督造，具体负责是规划师吴中。紫禁城位于都城正中，中轴线穿过皇城正中，也就是穿过紫禁城中三大殿、三大宫。紫禁城正门为正南门午门，午门是宫城中最高的门座，朝中大赦、献俘等重大仪式都在午门举行。其北门为神武门，东门为东华门，西门为西华门。

紫禁城作为明清两代的宫城，也分为外朝、内廷两个部分。外朝是皇帝办公的地方。举凡国家的重大活动和各种礼仪，都在外朝举行。外朝由**——端门——午门——太和殿——中和殿——保和殿组成的中轴线和中轴线两旁的殿阁廊庑组成。内廷是皇帝后妃生活的地方，包括中轴线上的乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫、御花园和两旁的东西六宫等宫殿群组成。

九寨沟英文导游辞

Jiuzhaigou\'s entrance gate was built shortly after Jiuzhaigou was listed into the World Natural Heritage Catalog in 1992.The gate reflects the features of Tibetan remote areas.The bark of logs wraps round the whole gate that appears primitive, but also displays the flavor of thew modern arts.It seems to tell us that you will find yourselves in the world\'s most exciting and unspoiled nature.As you know, Jiuxhaigou has been crowned with several titles: The World Natural Heritage, The World Bio-sphere Reserve, the Green Globe 21 and The State 4A-Level Scenery.Besides,each site and each image shows something more-the true eence, the spirit, and the magic of Jiuxhaigou, Jiuxhaigou\'s wonders inspire the country\'s top photographers and artists because the best of their work is here.Others expre their feelings through words, and there are numerous quotes from writers or visitors.However, many others articulate this land that seems indescribable.As the saying goes, it is better to see once than hear a hundred times.I think Jiuzhaigou\'s reputation attracts all of you to come here for a vidit.I believe, whether you are a frequent visitr or someone who simply enjoys beautiful places, the visit to Jiuzhaigou will be a perfect way to remember the unique sites and beauty of jiuzhaigou in days to come.

Jiuzhaigou scenery is licated in jiuzhaigou County, the ASbe Tibetan and Qiang Nationality Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province.Jiuzhaigou literally means nine Tibetan village gullies, which are all scattered in the scenic area.The names of the villages are Heye, Shuzheng, Zech awa, Heijiao, Panya, Yala, Jianpan, Rexi and Guodu.

Jiuzhaigou scenery has taden shape due to the geographic movement in glaciations, earthquakes and calcification.However, there is some folklore that vividly describes the formation of Jiuzhaigou.Here is a story.A long tome ago, a male and female hilly deities fell in love with each other.The man is called Dage and woman Wonuosemo, who decided to reside in Jiuzhaigou because they deeply loved Jiuzhaigou\'s birds and animals, and forests and mountains.Unexpectedly a devil called Shemozha found out that the female deity was so beautiful that ho fool in love with her, too.Two devil didn\'t like the male deity to live here in Jiuzhaigou.Therefore the devil waged a war in orser to drive the male deity out and marry the female deity.A fiere battle occurred between the deity and the devil.During the battle, the female deity was snatched away by the devil.Bewildered, the female deity dropped down to the ground her precious mirror given by the male deity.The mirror was broken into over a hundred pieces, which immediately turned into over hundred high mountains and beautiful lakes.The battle continued, and the male deity and the devil fought all the way from inner Jiuzhaigou to the entrance.Despite that, there was no sign indicating who would win the battle.At this critical moment, Zhayizhaga, the king of multi-mountains arrived to join the fight on the side of the male deity.The king first put a huge screen-shaped cliff behind the devil and then crashed the devil beneath the cliff.The devil was buried there, eith his head off the cliff.Afterwards lical people called the cliff the Devil Cliff.Now ot os called the Precious Mirror Cliff.Since then Jiuzhaigou returned to peace and looked more beautiful due to the newly added over a hundred colorful lakes and mountains.The man and womand lived together in Jiuzhaigou forever as the important deities to safeguard jiuzhaigou.

Jiuzhaigou is 47 km long from the south to the north, 29 km wide from the east to the west, covering an area of 720sq.km.In 1990 Jiuzhaigou became one of 40 best scenic spots in the country; in 2000 Jiuzhaigou was evaluated as one of the first atate 4A-level sceneries in China; in 1992 Jiuzhaigou was listed on the World Bio-sphere Reserve.

In Jiuzhaigou scenic area there are three gullies that seem to be in the shape of y.There distributed 108 lakes, 47 splashed waterfalls, 12 tirbi;emt screa,s.5 shoals and 3 Tibetan villages.All these scenic sites create a unique landscape of jiuzhaigou, to China and the rest of the world.

If you get closer to view the cliff that is over a thousand-ren cliff, you may see a bizarre figure image on the cliff.What does it look alike? It is a devil\'s face, and it is now called the Precilous Mirror Cliff.Down the cliff is a gully called Zharugou, where stands Zharu Monastery.In Sichuan Tibetan areas local Tibetan people believe in what can be properlyu described as \"Lamaism\", an ancient strain of Tantric Indian Buddhism, coupled with Tibetan Shamanism.It flourishes in regions inhabited by the Tibetan and Mongolian people.During the reign of Songzan Gapu in the 7th to 9th century, monks from India croed the Himalayas through Nepal and arrived at Tibet to spread Tantrism.Tantrism, Mahayana and Bon, the indigenous religion of Tibet, intermingled and developed into Lamaism that strongly believes in reincarnation.Lama means \"teacher\" or \"superiorbeing\".A lama must be a monk, but not all monks can become lamas.Lamaism has several sects: the Yellow, the Red, the Black and others.The YellowSect, founded by Tsong kha pa in the early 15th century, and rapidly grew into the dominant sect thanks to the support of the Qing government.The Yellow Sect perfected the Tibetan Buddhism and greatly promoted the evolution of the mergence of govetnment administration with religion the Tihetan a Buddha in your present lifetime.The monks in Zharu monastery believe in the Black Sect Buddhismthat is also called Bon.The religious activity of the Black Sect, much more influenced by the indigenous religilon, has centered on the primciplkes that everything has spirit; the Black Sect followers pray to gain happine and drive out disasters.

Yoy may be aware of the dense forest growing along the sides of the road.it mirrors together thescenic sites of main plants in Jiuzhaigou.The evergreen plants consists of Chinese pine, hemlock, fir and dragon spruce; the red-leaf plants are maple, little tiller, smoke tree and others; the yellow-leaf plants are birchm, golden-rain tree, elm, larch, poplar mix together in harmony, offering a rainbow of natural pictures that easily please to our eyes, It is commonly believe that the colerful plant scenery is one of the main features manifested in Jiuzhaigou.As autumn arrives, the plants keep changing their colors.As colorful leaves and forests are mirrored on the lakes around, the stunning color images seem to allure viewers into a dreamlike world because it is too beautiful to absorb all of them during a time-limited tour.

As you enter into Shuzheng scenic site, and start walking through it, the garden-patterned landscape might inspire your paion to write poems or paint pictures.Here is the Reed Sea.If you close your eyes, you may feel as if you were in the region of rivers and lakes in southern China.Actually the sea is a kind of moisture land that suits the growth of varied water plants.Some fiah swims in the shallow sea, and they have a strange name, called\"naked carp\"or they has no scales, but belong to the family of the carp.

The water in Jiuzhaigou is a big attraction, and is commonly considered the soul of Jiuzhaigou because ot remaons much le touched by human beings.Ginerally the water is so clean that youy can see to the bottim even at 30m in depth.Now we wrrive at the first lake in Jiuzhaigou called Shuanglonghai.You can dimly see two calcified lower banks in the shape of tibbon.Once waves in the lake surges, the two banks seem to wriggle.The local dlegend says that they are two swimming dragons.It is said that there are four dragons in Jiuzhaigou.The dragons in the laks here are two of the four, who take charge of raining and hail.Maybe because they have no strong sense of their duty responsibility, they often make mistakes, and therefore there is no rain when it should rain; there is no hail when ot should hail.Therefore Geshaer, the Tibetan hero has subdued the two evil dragons and imprisoned them at the bottom of the lake.

The water here is closely related with calcification.The water from the Rizegou Gully has rich content in the ion of calcium and magnesiu,.Due to the suitable temperature in the water hee, the flowing ion easily turns into particulate matters, which stick to plankton or tiny sediments, and depisit on the lower earth bank.narrow mounds, trunks and tree branches in the bottom.Gradually calcified segments have fully covered the objects, forming unique natural phenomenon.

Shuzheng Waterfall, one of the main scenic sites, is 11m in height and 62m in width.It is an unseen stream from the high terrace meandering among the forests down to the edge of the cliff.As it approaches the edge, trees, bushes and rocks there devert the unseen stream into may sub-ones.The sub-streams fall downwards, presenting a splendid huge waterfall and hanging off the cliff.Down below the cliff grow rich trees and bushes and protruding rocks, and the water keep splashing off these objects in varied shape.

Beyond the waterfall is a smooth terrain.Near the road is the Xiniu Lake that is 2km long and 18m deep, the largest one in Jiuzhaigou.Toward the southern end of the lake is a forest where there is a simple bridge spanning acro the lake.Nearby is a stream, and the water from the streamoffersw sweet and refreshing tastes.The local Tibetan residents think that it is a stpernatural stream, for it is said that the water from the stream can stop diarrhea and quench a thirst.The legend had it that a long time ago, ja lama from Tibet arrived here on a rhinoceros.He was so sick that he couldn\'t walk further.So he drank the water from the stream.Unexpectedly he was fully recovered and felt rejuvenated.Afterwards the lama drove the rhinoceros down into the lake, and he himself resided nearby.

Nuorilang Waterfall, located between the Rizegou and Shuzheng Gullies, is 30m in height and 270m in width.Nuorilang literally means magnificence.the water comes from Rizgou Gully.During the high-water season, the cascading waterfall lproduces a tremendous noise that revetberates in the gully.As the water hits the ground, the splashed liquik immediately moves high up into the air in the form of fine drops, which have been thrown, blown or projected, forming a splendid water curtain.Visitors often view a rainbow that appears in the curtain while the sun shines upon it.In autumn, the water gets much le.However, the waterfall presents another wonder.it seems as if the cliff hangs a colorful silk cloth matched wuth multi-colored bushed around.

As you enter the Nuorilang scenic site, Jinghai Lake appears at ypur sight.The lake, 925m in linght and 262m in width, is encircled by precipitous hills at three sides, and the olther side is open rather like an entrance gate.The hills by the lake look green and verdant, In the early morning when there is no wide, the lake is as smooth as a mirror.At this time the blue skyu, white clouds, hills and trees are all reflected in the water.The scenery in and outside the water is closely joined, and it is hard to tell which is teal one or which is a reflection.The scenery has inspired the paion of many artists and poets.A figure of speech is used here just right to describe the situation.It says, \"Inside the water birds fly, and up in the sky fish swims.\"The depth of the lake is between 10 and 20m, bit tje water so clean that you can see sof green algae move and fish swim at the bottom, and trunks in the water fully have been covered by calcified sediments that look rather like huge corals in pretty shape.

After you leave Jinghai Parkm you continue to walk for a while before arriving at another scenic site by the name of Zhenzhutan.The slope-shaped shoal is calcified, 160m in width and 200m in length.The water flows freely downwards on the strface of the shoal that appears quite uneven due to the calcification.As the water unrolls, it splashes numerous tiny drops tather like rolls and strings of snow-white pearls spraying over the whole shoal.Moreover, poplars, williws and azalea groe all over the upper part of the shoal.In May it is amazing to view the scenic beauty as you walk underfoot the rolling water spray, paing through the patches of azalea in bloom and listening to the ceadele gentle sound from swaying willows.

Wuhuaihai Lake is ine of the main scenic sites, where it is an ideal place for photographs.The algae and bryophyte grows very well in the lake.Sediments act on the sense of these plants and give rise to the clusters of multi-colorful ribbons in the strface of the lake.When maple and smoke trees around turn red in autumn, their reflection on the water resembles raging flames.encircling the ribbons in multi-colors.

The road near Wuhuaihai Lake spirals up the steep mountain.As it turns to a curve of the mountain, two lakes emerge in sight.One is called Xiongmaohai and the other Jianzhuhai.The panda and bamboo lakes join together, which indicates that pandas used to eat arrow bamboo plants and drind water here.As you know, the plant is the pandas\'chief food source, In winter the Panda Lake is frozen, but the Arrow Lake remains what it is like before.At the lower end of the lake is a Waterfall, the highest one in Jiuzhaigou.It is called the Panda\'s Waterfall that resembles a flight of three stages.The first stahge is 19m in height and 5m in width; the second one is 24m in height and 4m in width; the third one is 19m in height and 14m in width.Water falls down rebounding stages one after another before cascading into the deep valley.In midwinter the three stages hang ice-formed dripping water, which forms varied-patterns nd looks magnificent as if you found yourselves in the ice-carving world.

Not far from Rizegou Guesthouse is the Swan Lake.It is said that swans used to reside here.At the present time, the lake remains semi-marsh land eith waterweeds fully covered on the surface.In spring the lake resembles a carpet of green gra; in summer the lake is splendidly decorated with bloomed flowers; in autumn the yelliwne in the lake meets the eye in every side; in winter the lake remains a world of ice and snow.Near the upper end of the lake is an another lake called Fangchaohai.The lake leads to hills where the hill peaks raise one higher than another.However, among the hills there is a pealk that obviously towers.It is named the Sword Rock because it looks sharp on the top and wide at lower part.Paing the foot of the towering peak, you start to walk into a dense primeval forwst, where you find yourselves deep in the boundle expanse of trdds and plants, feeling as light as if you had left the world of men and became immortal beings.There are an abundance of trees that looking up you hardly see the sunshine.Some of the trees curves down like awnings; some loom up like obelisks; some stand erect like men; some recline like dragons.Beneath your feet are soft moes that grow in a thick furry ma on wet soil.When you walk through the forest, cool greenery rests your eyes, gentle breeze sooths your ears and the utter quietne refreshes your heart.

Wucaichi, 100.8m in length and 56m in width, is the smallest lake in Jiuzhaigou.However, it is commonly believed that it is richest in color.Someone says that it looks like an emerald inlaid inside the hills.Many visitors usually stop to sit by the lake and seem to feel ease at heart.The water is ruffled, and its azure translucence below the water stretches to the bottom before your eyes.you may look in amaziment at multi-colored clusters displayed at the bottow like inexhaustible treasures supplied by the Greator.Some visitors even doubt whether it is painted by the local peoplw.The water from Wucaichi neither increases nor diminishes.It soaks into the lake from Changhai Lake.As the sun xasts lights on the water, sekiments at the bottom act on the sense of algae and bryophyte plants and give rise to the multi-colorful clusters as it occurs in Wuhuaihai Lake.

After paing a col from Wucaichi Lake, you arrive at Changhai Lake which is licated at the top of Zechawa gully at 3, 100m above sea level.There are several questeins related to the lake.Hoe did the lake take shape? Why soes the lake have no exit? Is any fish in the lake? How long is the lake? Hoe deep is it?

The first question still remains a mystery.It is uncertain if it took shape due to esrthquakes, landslides or mud-rock flow.The source of the water comes from springs from the forests and snow on the mountains around.The way of draining off water in the lake is to evaporate and permeate into the ground.In the lake the water never overflows in summer, and it never dried up in winter.The lake has no fish probably because it is too cold in the lake.a legend says that a monster had eaten yp all the fish a long time ago.The lake is 7.5km in aength, and in some parts it is 103m i9n depth.

The lake,tyhe largest one in Jiuzhaigou, glimmers like jade, nibbling at the distant hills covered with snow.Green forests around grow verdant, casting shadows on the lake ,From here you have a view of the unruffled lake, floating clouds, water birds frolic below acro the lake, displaying them merrily.as you sit here, such natural beauty strikes you as vast and imagination.Whether or not a creator exists, this sight will make you feel that there must surely be one.It seems strange that such wondwrs are set in the remote areas like this, where hundreds of years may have paed before you come along to appreciate them.

The daily tour to jiuzhaigou is steadily and serenely approaching to the end.Anticipation, curiosity, delight are all held in delicate balance.Reluctantly you are prepared to return to the reality of our own everyday world after you have enjoyed the brief glimpses of Jiuxhaigou where cool greenery rests your eyes, running water soothes your ears, the great void revives your spirit and the utter quietne refreshes your hearts.江苏］南京中山陵英文导游辞

My dear friends, when you come to a city, you probably want to visit the most famous scenic spots of special interest.Nanjing has many places of historic interests and has been capital for six \"dynasties.\" But if you leave Nanjing without visiting Dr.Sun Yat-sen\'s Mausoleum, undoubtedly you have mied the most arresting and famous tourist attraction of the city. Talking about the Mausoleum we should have an idea about Sun Yat-sen, the great pioneer of Chinese democratic revolution.Mr.Sun\'s original name is Sun Wen and styled himself Yat-sen.So foreign friends would call him \"Dr.Sun Yat-sen\".Since he took \"Woodcutter in Zhoushan\" as his alias when he took part in the revolutionary activities, he was respectfully and widely called Mr.Sun Zhongshan in China.On October 12, 1866, Mr.Sun was born in a farmer\'s family in Caiheng village of Xiangshan county (the present-day zhongshan City), Guangdong Province.When he was still young, he had great expectations.He studied medicine in Honolulu, Hong Kong and some other places and after graduation he worked as a practitioner in Gangzhou, Macao and other places Later he gave up medicine as his profeion to take part in political activities.In 1905, he set up China Alliance Organization in Japan and he was elected president.He put forward the famous guiding principle- \"driving the invaders out, restoring the sovereignty of China, establishing a republic and equalizing the land ownership\" and the Three People\'s Principles-\"Nationalism, Democracy and the People\'s Livelihood.\" On October 10, 1911, the Wuchang uprising broke out and Dr.Sun as elected President of the Republic of China by representatives from seventeen provinces.On the following New Year\'s day (January 1, 1912) Mr.Sun took the oath of office in Nanjing.From then on, Mr.Sun experienced Yuan Shikai\'s usurpation, the Second Revolution, \"Campaign Protecting the Interim Constitution.\" In 1921, Mr.Sun took the position of President in Unusual Times in Guangzhou.At the first National Congre of Kuomintang held in Quangzhou in 1924, he perfected the original Three People\'s Principles and put forward Three people\'s New Principles.He also proposed the policies of \"Making an alliance with Ruia and the Communist Party of China and helping the farmers and workers.\" In November 1924, in spite of his illne, Mr.Sun went up to Beijing to discu state affairs with General Feng Yuxiang. Unfortunately, he broke down from constant overwork and paed away on March 12, 1925. The location of the Mausoleum was chosen by Mr.Sun himself.Here is exactly a good place to build a mausoleum.You may wonder: Mr.Sun was born in Guangdong but died in Beijing.For his whole life he traveled throughout China for the revolution.Why did he choose Nanjing as the venue of his tomb? It is said that far before Mr.Sun took office in 1912, the abbot of Lingu Monastery had recommended him that his place is good for fengshui, because it faces the plain and is backed up by green mountains as its protective screen.On March 31, 1912 Mr.Sun resigned as a political compromise for the sake of the union of the North China and the South China.One day of the early April, he went hunting with Hu Hanmin around the Piety Tomb of Ming Dynasty.They took a rest in the place where the Mausoleum is located now.Mr.Sun looked around and said \"If poible I would like my countrymen to allow me to have this place to bury my coffin.\" Surely, the fengshui of the Zijing Mountain is not the basic reason for the location of Mr.Sun\'s mausoleum.The basic reason is that, he said on dying \"After my death, you can bury me at the foot of the Zijin Mountain in Nanjing in memory of the Revolution of 1911, because Nanjing is where the temporary government was founded.\"So although Mr.Sun stayed in Nanjing not a long time, it had a special meaning to him.Fundamentally speaking, the reason he chose Zijing Mountain as his permanent resting-place is to commemorate the revolution of 1911 and to encourage the revolutionaries. In order to respect Mr.Sun\'s wish, the Preparatory Committee of Sun Yat-sen\'s Funeral, including his wife Song Qingling and his son Sunke, examined the area and chose the site for the Mausoleum.They delimited 2000 mu and offered a reward in newspaper for the best design of the Mausoleum.Among all the contribution, young architect Lu Yanzhi\'s design, a design in the shape of a bell, was highly praised and gained the first prize and he himself was invited to supervise the whole project as well. On March 12,1926, the first anniversary of Mr.Sun\'s death, the project got started and 3 years later, it was completed in spring of 1929.It cost 1.5 million silver collars totally.Unfortunately, LuYanzhi, the young architect with great gift, suffered when supervising the project, and died at 35, just before the completion of the Mausoleum.The completion ceremony was held on June 1, 1929 and Mr.Sun\'s remains were transported from Beijing to Nangjing.From then on, Mr.Sun has slept here for nearly 70 years. The construction of Dr.Sun Yat-sen\'s Mausoleum was an important event in the history of Nanjing.In order to meet Mr.Sun\'s coffin, the first asphalt road was built from Zhongshan Port in the west to Zhongshan Gate in the east; it is 12 kilometres in length and also called Zhongshan Road.Up to today, Zhangshan Road is still one of the most important main roads.At the same time, the city gate Chaoyang Gate which was built in Ming Dynasty was renovated and Changed its name to Zhongshan Gate.Between Zhongshang Gate and Dr.Sun Yat-sen\'s Mausoleum, a road called the Mausoleum Road was built.Just as the people of Paris take pride of their les Champs-Elysees and the people of New York, the Fifth Avenue, the nanjing people are proud of their boulevards.And the 3 kilometers long Mausoleum Road is undoubtedly the best representative of these boulevards.Along both sides of the \"green corridor\" grows the main kind of tree in Nanjing as parasols Usually Chinese people call them French plane trees, in fact they are Chinese local products.Just because Frenchmen took them from Yunnan Province to France and later they transplanted them in their leased territory in Shanghai, that is why they got such a name. Now, we are going out of the Zhongshan Gate and driving along the Mausoleum Road.The destination ahead is a square in shape of crescent.According to Lu Yanzhi\'s design, the place of the Mausoleum is like a \"duo\", a big wooden bell, which was used to announce a policy, decree or a war in ancient time.Duo\'s sound is loud and clear, implying to make the whole world peaceful and happy.The design reminds the people of Dr.Sun Yat-sen\'s well-known saying \"The revolution is far from succe and we should continue working hard.\" This saying also serves s an alert to the later generation.The crescent-shaped square is the bottom of the \"Bell of Freedom\". Now, please look to the south.There is an octagon platform structured with reinforced concrete but covered with Jinshan stone of Suzhou.The platform is divided into three layers and each layer is enclosed by stone rails.The copper \"ding\" (an ancient cooking veel) with two looped handles and two legs weighs 5000 kg.IT is 4.25 meters high and its diameter is 1.23 meters.It is one of the construction for memory of the mausoleum.The \"ding \" was built in autumn, 1933 with donation of students and teaching staff of the Zhongshan University and Mr.Dai jitao.One side of the \"ding \" is engraved with three characters \"Intelligence, Humanity and Brevity\".These three words are the school instruction of Zhongshan University.Inside of the \"ding \"stands a hexagon copper tablet on which Dai Jitao\'s mother\'s handwriting of the \"Filial Piety\" is engraved.To the bell-shaped mausoleum the \"ding \" is just like the pendulum.It seems to serve to alarm the whole nation by striking the bell. Stepping on the steps, we will see a soaring memorial archway with four columns.The archway was built between 1931 and 1933, 12meters high and 17.3 meters in width.It is made of huge Granite from Fujian Province, but its structure is in Chinese traditional wood structure style.Now, look up at the shining words inscribed on the horizontal board.The word in English mean fraternity.They were written by Dr.Sun Yat-sen.The word are taken from a Tang Dynasty poet Han Yu\'s \"Fraternity is humanity \" .It is said that Mr.Sun very much liked to write these two words to others.Dr.Sun devoted his whole life to bourgeois democratic revolution with great fraternity and struggled for the national independence and freedom fro scores of years.So we can say that \"fraternity\" is the best generalization of his life. Further from the Fraternity Archway, there is a road leading to the mausoleum.The road is 480 meters long and dozens of meters wide.The whole design of the mausoleum gives prominence to Chinese traditional style, grand, solemn and specific.In order to embody the greatne of Mr.Sun, the Mausoleum followed the example of ancient mausoleums and was built against mountains and the coffin chamber was placed at the top of the mountain that is 160 meters high.In addition, the plants of the Mausoleum are symmetric, which make it feel more solemn.Now, please look forward to the north, along the hillside, situate the mausoleum Gate, the Stele Pavilion, the Memorial Hall and the coffin chamber right behind.The pines, cyprees, ginkgoes and maples on the both sides of the road represent Mr.Sun\'s revolutionary spirit and lofty quality.They take the place of statues and stone beasts which usually flanked the sacred road in ancient times.Among the trees, cedar is one of the \"four kinds of tree for appreciation\" and has been honored as the tree of Nanjing City.The grand archway at the end of the Mausoleum Road is the formal beginning of the mausoleum area.IT is 16 meters high, 27 meters wide and 8.8 meters deep.It is made of granite from the Fujian Province, too.Inscribed on the horizontal board of the middle paage is Dr.SunYat-sen\'s handwriting.It means that the state doesn\'t belong to one family but belongs to the entire nation and the common people.This is the goal for which Mr.Sun struggled for his whole life and it is also the excellent explanation of the Democracy of the Three People\'s Principles.We have paed the gate of the Mausoleum, then in front of us is the Stele Pavilion.The 9-meter high stele in the middle of the pavilion was engraved with 24 gold-plating characters of Yan Zhenqing style, \"Chinese KMT buried Premier Sun here on June 1, 18th year of the Republic of China\".These words were written by one of the founder members of KMT, Tan Yankai.When talking about setting up a stele, Wang Jing wei and Hu Hanmin were arranged to write an inscription for Mr.Sun, but two years paed, yet nothing they could write.Because they thought that Mr.Sun\'s merits couldn\'t be generated by word, then they chose to use the present from to praise Dr.Sun without engraving an inscription. Going out of the pavilion, we\'ll see numerous layers of steps.The people of Nanjing often say that the steps in the Mausoleum ware as number as the stone lions on Lugou Bridge (known for Westerners as Marco Polo Bridge).So when coming here tourists usually ask, \"how many steps on earth are there in the Mausoleum?\" My friends, if you are interested you can count them. Now we are coming near the top platform.Look, there are two big copper \"ding\".They were contributed by Shanghai municipal government of that time.Now, please look carefully.There are two holes in the bottom of the left \"ding\".Why? Just let me tell you .In late 1937, when the Japanese army attacked Nanjing, their shooting left two holes in the left ding.Now, although the circumstances have changed, the two holes always remind Chinese people not to forget the national humiliation.Not far away, there are two bronze dings in ancient style.They are presented by Mr.Sun\'s son Sun Ke and his family. Ascending the steps, now we have reached the top of the platform.Here we can have a bird-view of what it is in the distance.The Memorial Hall is the half way up to the mountain and there are altogether 392 steps covered if you count from the archway of Fraternity.The vertical distance is 70 meters but the plane distance is 700 meters.If you count the steps from the Stele Pavilion, the number of steps is 290.In order to avoid monotone, the architect divided the 392 steps into 10 parts and every part has a platform and there are totally 10 such platforms.More marvelous, if you look up from the bottom, you can see that the steps extend to the top without stop and you cant see any platform.But if you look down from the top, you only see the platforms.The number of the steps, 392, is not a random number; it implied the number of Chinese population at that time-392 million. Now we are in front of the Memorial Hall and the coffin Chamber.They are the major parts of the Mausoleum.The construction of these two building was supervised then by Lu Yanzhi, the gift young designer.If is when he was doing these two building he died of cancer.So when the later generation mentions him they would often say, \"It is a great pity he died before his complete succe.\" The structure of the Sacrificed Hall is of an ancient wooden palace style.It is 30 meters long, 25 meters wide and 29 meter high, surrounded by smaller constructions of fortre style and two 12.6-meter-high cloud columns.Its roof, with double-eaves and nine ridges, is covered with blue glare tiles.The outside of wall is covered with granite from Hongkong.The inscription on the horizontal board is engraved with seal characters cut in relief- \"Naturalism\" \"Democracy\" and \"The people\'s livelihood\".These are the most basic and general guiding principles of Mr.Sun\'s revolutionary activities.Above \"Democracy\", there is a horizontal inscription board with Sun\'s handwriting on it, \"Fill the World with Justice\". Please follow me into the Memorial Hall.The floor is covered with white and black marble from Yunnan Province.The colors of white and black are among the traditional color for burial ceremonies in China.There are 12 black stone columns, with 0.8 meter as the diameter for each.You will see that the interiors of the walls around are inset with black marble.Now you can have a look at Mr.Sun Yat-sen\'s handwriting of \"Programme for Founding a State\", engraved on the east and west walls.The main colors of the Hall are black, white and blue, which are used to expre filial piety in China.The inside windows are inlaid with smaltos.They present western flavors especially with floods of sunshine.The style of the whole structure is a blend of the East and the West, representing the well blended doctrine of Dr.Sun Yat-sen. In the middle is the sitting statue of Dr.Sun Yat-sen in a robe.It is 4.6 meters high and the bottom is 2.1 meters wide.It was sculpted by the famous French sculptor Paul Arinsky whose native country is Poland.He was entrusted by the committee of Dr.Sun Yat-sen\'s Funeral for sculpting it.He chose the Italian marble as the material for the statue.In 1930, the sculpture was sent to the Mausoleum from Paris.Its total cost was 1.5 million francs.The sic relief below are pictures depicting Mr.Sun\'s life and revolutionary activities. Paing through the Hall, we have come to the Coffin Chamber.There are two doors that you need to get through.The outer door consists of two American-made safety door leafs which are made of copper.The nails on them and the mysterious beasts on the copper loops are typical of traditional Chinese.The horizontal inscription board was engraved with \"The noble spirit will never perish \" which was Sun\'s handwriting for the 72 martyrs\' tomb in Harangue Mound of Guangzhou .The second door is a single copper leaf engrave with seven characters \"Mr.Sun Yat-sen\'s tomb\" which were written by Zhang Jing jiang. The tomb is a half globe in shape.The design of KMT emblem is mosaicked in the vaulted dome.The floor of the round room is covered with marble.The room\'s diameter is 18 meters and the height is 11 meters .The walls are covered with pink marbles.The circular marble pit is 1.7 meters deep and 4.35 meters in diameter.It is enclose with 1-meter-high white marble rails.In the pit lays Dr.Sun Yat-sen lying statue in Zhongshan Suit.This is sculpted in accordance to Mr.Sun\'s remains by a Czechoslovakian sculptor.His copper coffin is lying about 5 meters below the sculpture.You may ask why on earth the clothes Dr.Wears for the sitting statue are totally different from those for the lying one? In those years, the leftists and the rightists inside of the KMT had severe conflicts.The rightists, headed by Chang Kai-shek wanted to restore the ancient ways and opposed revolution.They insisted that Mr.Sun should wear long robe, while the leftists insisted he wear Zhongshan Suit.Since they had different opinions thus the two statues have different clothes styles. My friends, I\'m afraid you must be concern about whether Mr.Sun remains are in the tomb or not.In fact, his remains had a unusual experience.After his death, his remain were dealt with antiseptic and placed in Biyun Monastery in Beijing in March, 1925.When the warlord Zhang Zong chang was defeated by the North Expeditionary Army and withdrew to Beijing in 1926, he ascribed his failure to Mr.Sun\'s remains and decided to burn them .It is the patriotic general Zhang Xuelian who sent troops to protect the remains.Unfortunately they were once exposed to the air though they were safe again.On May 28, 1929, Mr.Sun\'s coffin was sent to Pukou from Beijing by Jinpu Railway, and on June 1 it reached the Mausoleum.After the Grand Ceremony of Feng\'an, the coffin and the remains were put into the pit and used cement to concrete it .The bottom of the tomb is granite.Under the copper coffin, there is a specially made wooden pad and enclosing the coffin is a well-sealed crystal box.After the breakout of the Resistance War against Japan, KMT government planed to transport the remains to Chongqing and at the end of the liberation war, Chang Kai-shek planed to transport it to Taiwan this time.Because it was not an easy job to take the coffin out and the work might do damage to the remains as well, this plan was fiercely attacked by the engineering field and the left wing of the KMT.At last Chang gave up the plan.So the remains have stayed here safely up to today. Paing through the door in the back wall of the square outside you will arrive at the Mausoleum Park.The back wall of the park is an \"Exhibition of Construction of Dr.Sun Yat-sen\'s Mausoleum \".The Exhibition contains nearly 200 precious historic materials which show the construction of the Mausoleum and the proce of the transportation of Mr.Sun\'s remains. Beside the main structure, there are also some constructions around the Mausoleum built in memory of Mr.Sun.Most of the constructions are built after 1929 with the donation of those from both all trades in China and overseas Chinese.The Fraternity Pavilion on top of the Plum Hill is built with the donation of a Taiwanese compatriot.IT was completed on November 12,1993, the 127th anniversary of Mr.Sun\'s birthday. Ladies and gentlemen, Mr.Sun struggled for a better China for his whole life and overthrew monarch feudalist system which lasted for more than 2000 years.He carried out the three principal policies of \"Making an alliance with Ruia and the Communist Party of China and helping the farmers and workers\" in his later days.The great feat Mr.Sun has achieved has gained great respect and praise from people from both home and abroad.After liberation, both central and local governments have exerted great efforts in preserving this excellent heritage. Now, as one of the \"Top Forty Tourist Resorts in China\" Dr.Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum receives numerous Chinese and international friends every years.People come here to pay homage to Mr.Sun.Today, the unification has become the main tendency in terms of the relations between the Chinese on both sides of the Straits.I believe that most Chinese people, from both home and abroad, are expecting from the bottom of heart the coming of the day when our country is united and getting more prosperous.At that time, when hearing this.Dr.Sun would smile and be satisfied for sure in the other world.OK, thank you very much for your cooperation.Good-bye and good luck! ［北京］故宫英文导游辞

FORBIDDEN CITY (紫禁城) (In front of the meridian gate) Ladies and Gentlemen: I am pleased to serve as your guide today. This is the palace museum; also know as the Purple Forbidden City.It is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in China today.Under Ming Emperor Yongle, construction began in 1406.It took 14years to build the Forbidden City.The first ruler who actually lived here was Ming Emperor Zhudi.For five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 succeive emperors until 1911 when Qing Emperor Puyi was forced to abdicate the throne.In 1987, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization recognized the Forbidden City was a world cultural legacy. It is believed that the Palace Museum, or Zi Jin Cheng (Purple Forbidden City), got its name from astronomy folklore, The ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the Ziwei Yuan (North Star) .The constellation containing the North Star was called the Constellation of Heavenly God and star itself was called the purple palace.Because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence.In folklore, the term ―an eastern purple cloud is drifting‖ became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, LaoZi, to the Hanghu Pa.Here, purple is aociated with auspicious developments.The word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people. The red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic.Red represents happine, good fortune and wealth.Yellow is the color of the earth on the Loe Plateau, the original home of the Chinese people.Yellow became an imperial color during the Tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture. The Forbidden City is rectangular in shape.It is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west.It has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters.A 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex.Octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall.There are four entrances into the city: the Meridian Gate to the south, the Shenwu Gate (Gate of Military Prowe) to the north, and the Xihua Gate (Gate of military Prowe) to the north, and the Xihua Gate (Western Flowery Gate ) to the west, the Donghua (Eastern Flowery Gate) to the east. Manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the Forbidden City.A total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed.Marble was quarried from fangshan Country Mount Pan in Jixian County in Hebei Province.Granite was quarried in Quyang County in Hebei Province.Paving blocks were fired in kilns in Suzhou in southern China.Bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in Shandong Province.Timber was cut, proceed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions. The structure in front of us is the Meridian Gate.It is the main entrance to the forbidden City.It is also knows as Wufenglou (Five-Phoenix Tower).Ming emperors held lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of the Chinese lunar year in honor of their counties.They also used this place for punishing officials by flogging them with sticks. Qing emperors used this building to announce the beginning of the new year.Qing Emperor Qianlong changed the original name of this announcement ceremony from ban li (announcement of calendar) to ban shou (announcement of new moon) to avoid coincidental aociation with another Emperor\'s name, Hongli, which was considered a taboo at that time.Qing Dynasty emperors also used this place to hold audience and for other important ceremonies.For example, when the imperial army returned victoriously from the battlefield, it was here that the Emperor presided over the ceremony to accept prisoners of war. (After entering the Meridian Gate and standing in front of the Five Marble Bridges on Golden Water River) Now we are inside the Forbidden City.Before we start our tour, I would like to briefly introduce you to the architectural patterns before us.To complete this solemn, magnificent and palatial complex, a variety of buildings were arranged on a north-south axis, and 8-kilometer-long invisible line that has become an inseparable part of the City of Beijing.The Forbidden City covers roughly one –third of this central axis.Most of the important buildings in the Forbidden City were arranged along this line.The design and arrangement of the palaces reflect the solemn dignity of the royal court and rigidly –stratified feudal system. The Forbidden City is divided into an outer and an inner count.We are now standing on the southernmost part of the outer count.In front of us lies the Gate of supreme Harmony.The gate is guarded by a pair of bronze lions, symbolizing imperial power and dignity.The lions were the most exquisite and biggest of its kind.The one on the east playing with a ball is a male, and ball is said to represent state unity.The other one is a female.Underneath one of its fore claws is a cub that is considered to be a symbol of perpetual imperial succeion.The winding brook before us is the Golden Water River.It functions both as decoration and fire control.The five bridges spanning the river represent the five virtues preached by Confucius: benevolence, righteousne, rites, intelligence and fidelity.The river takes the shape of a bow and the north-south axis is its arrow.This was meant to show that the Emperors ruled the country on behalf of God. (In front of the Gate of Supreme Harmony) The Forbidden City consists of an outer courtyard and an inner enclosure.The out count yard covers a vast space lying between the Meridian Gate and the Gate of Heavenly Purity.The ―three big halls‖ of Supreme Harmony, Complete Harmony and Preserving Harmony constitute the center of this building group.Flanking them in bilateral symmetry are two groups of palaces: Wenhua (Prominent Scholars) and Wuying (Brave Warriors).The three great halls are built on a spacious ―H‖-shaped, 8-meter-high, triple marble terrace, Each level of the triple terrace is taller than the on below and all are encircled by marble balustrades carved with dragon and phoenix designs.There are three carved stone staircases linking the three architectures.The hall of supreme Harmony is also the tallest and most exquisite ancient wooden-structured mansion in all of China.From the palace of Heavenly Purity northward is what is known as the inner court, which is also built in bilaterally symmetrical patterns.In the center are the Palace of Heavenly Purity, the Hall of Union and Peace and Palace of Earthly Tranquility, a place where the Emperors lived with their families and attended to state affairs.Flanking these structures are palaces and halls in which concubines and princes lived.There are also three botanical gardens within the inner count, namely, the imperial Garden, Caning garden and Quailing garden.An inner Golden Water River flows eastwardly within the inner court.The brook winds through three minor halls or palaces and leads out of the Forbidden City.It is spanned by the White Jade Bridge.The river is lined with winding, marble –carved balustrades.Most of the structures within the Forbidden City have yellow glazed tile roofs. Aside from giving prominence to the north-south axis, other architectural methods were applied to make every group of palatial structures unique in terms of terraces, roofs, mythical monsters perching on the roofs and colored, drawing patterns.With these, the grand contour and different hierarchic spectrum of the complex were strengthened.Folklore has it that there are altogether 9,999 room-units in the Forbidden City.Since Paradise only has 10,000 rooms, the Son of Heaven on earth cut the number by half a room.It is also rumoured that this half –room is located to the west of the Wenyuange Pavilion (imperial library) .As a matter of fact, although the Forbidden City has more than 9,000 room-units, this half-room is nonexistent.The Wenyuange Pavilion is a library where ―Si Ku Quan Shu‖- China\'s first comprehensive anthology-was stored. (After walking past the Gate of Supreme Harmony) Ladies and Gentlemen, the great hall we are approaching is the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the biggest and tallest of its king in the Forbidden City.This structure covers a total building space of 2,377 square meters, and is know for its upturned, multiple counterpart eaves.The Hall of Supreme Harmony sits on a triple ―H‖-shaped marble terrace is 8 meters high and linked by staircases.The staircase on the ground floor has 21 steps while the middle and upper stairways each have 9. The construction of the Hall of Supreme Harmony began in 1406.It burned down three times and was severely damaged once during a mutiny.The existing architecture was built during the Qing Dynasty.On the corners of the eaves a line of animal-nails were usually fastened to the tiles.These animal-nails were later replace with mythical animals to ward off evil spirits.There are altogether 9 such fasteners on top of this hall.The number nine was regarded by the ancients to be the largest numeral acceible to man and to which only the emperors were entitled. There was a total of 24 succeive emperors during the Ming and Qing dynasties who were enthroned here.The ball was also used for ceremonies which marked other great occasions: the Winter Solstice, The Chinese Lunar New Year, the Emperor\'s birthday, conferral of the title of empre, the announcement of new laws and policies, and dispatches of generals to war.On such occasions, the Emperor would hold audience for his court officials and receive their tributes. This area is called the Hall of Supreme Harmony Square, which covers a total of 30,000 square meters, Without a single tree or plant growing here, this place inspires visitors to feel its solemnity and grandeur.In the middle of the square there is a carriageway that was reserved for the Emperor.On both sides of the road the ground bricks were laid in a special way seven layers lengthwise and eight layers crowise, making up fifteen layers in all.The purpose of this was to prevent anyone from tunneling his way into the palace.In the count yard there are iron vats for storing water to fight fires.In the whole complex there are altogether 308 water vats.In wintertime, charcoal was burned underneath the vats to keep the water from freezing.Why so vast a square? It was designed to impre people with the hall\'s grandeur and vastne.Imagine the following scene.Under the clear blue sky, the yellow glazed tiles shimmered as the cloud-like layers of terrace, coupled with the curling veil of burning incense, transformed the hall of supreme Harmony into a fairyland.Whenever major ceremonies were held, the glazed, crane-shaped candleholders inside the hall would be it, and incense and pine branches burnt in front of the hall.When the Emperor appeared, drums were beaten and musical instrument played.Civilian officials and generals would kneel know in submiion. The last Qing emperor Puyi aumed the throne in 1908, at the age of three, His father carried him to the throne.At the start of the coronation, the sudden drum-beating and loud music caught the young emperor unprepared.He was so scared that he kept crying and shouting, ―I don\'t want to stay here.I want to go home.‖ His father tried to soothe him, saying, ―It\'ll all soon be finished.It\'ll all soon be finished‖ The ministers present at the event considered this incident inauspicious.Coincidentally, the Qing dynasty collapsed three years later and there with concluded China‘s feudal system that had lasted for more than 2,000 years.

(On the stone terrace of the Hall of Supreme Harmony) This is a bronze incense burner.In it incense made of sandalwood would be burnt on important occasions.There are altogether 18 incense burners, representing all of the provinces under the rule of the Sing monarchs.On either side of the Hall, 4 bronze water-filled vats were placed in case of fire.Next to the terrace on either side, there is a bronze crane and tortoise, symbols of longevity.This copper-cast grain measure is called ―jialiang.‖ It served as the national standard during the Qing dynasty.It was meant to show that the imperial ruler were just and open to rectification.On the other side there is a stone sundial, an ancient timepiece.The jialiang and the sundial were probably meant to show what the Emperor represented: that he was the only person who should poe the standards of both measure and time. In the very forefront of the Hall of Supreme Harmony, there are 12 scarlet, round pillars supporting the roof.The hall is 63 meters from east to west and 37 meters from north to south.It is 35 meters in height.In front of this architecture, there stands a triple terrace with five staircases leading up to the main entrance.It has 40 gold doors and 16 gold-key windows with colored drawings on the pillars and beams.In the middle of the hall, a throne carved with 9 dragons sits on a 2-meter-high platform.Behind the throne there is a golden screen and in front of it, there is an imperial desk.The flanks are decorated with elephants, Luduan (a legendary beast), cranes, and incense barrels.The elephant carries a vase on its back that holds five cereals (i.e.rice, two kinds of millet, wheat and beans), which was considered a symbol of prosperity.As ancient legend has it that luduan can travel 18,000 li (9,000 kilometers ) in one day and knows all languages and dialects.Only to a wise adjust monarch will this beast be a guardian. The Hall of Supreme Harmony is also popularly known as Jinluan Dian (gold bell hall or the throne hall).The floor of the hall is laid with bricks that turn it into a smooth, fine surface as if water has been sprinkled on it.The so-called golden brick, in fact, has nothing to do with gold.Reserved exclusively for the construction of the royal court, it was made in a secretive, and complex way, and, when struck, sounds like the clink of a gold bar.Each brick was worth the market price of one dan (or one hectoliter) of rice. The hall is supported by a total of 72 thick pillars.Of these, 6 are carved in dragon patterns and painted with gold and surround the throne.Above the very center of this hall there is a zaojing, or covered ceiling, which is one of the Specialities of China\'s ancient architecture.In the middle of the ceiling is a design of a dragon playing with a ball inlaid with peals.This copper ball, hollow inside and covered with mercury, is known as the Xuanyuan Mirror and is thought to be made Xuanyuan, a legendary monarch dating back to remote antiquity.The placing of the caion above the throne is meant to suggest that all of China\'s succeive emperors are Zuanyuan\'s descendants and hereditary heirs.Now you might have noticed that the Xuanyuan mirror is not directly above the throne.Why? It is rumored that Yuan Shikai, a self-acclaimed warlord-turned emperor moved the throne further back because he was afraid that the mirror might fall on him.In 1916 when Yuan Shikai became emperor, he removed the original throne with a Western-style, high-back chair.After the foundation of the People\'s Republic of China in 1949 the throne was found in a shabby furniture warehouse.It repaired and returned to the hall. (Leading the tourist to the bronze vats either on the east or the west) the water vats in front of the palaces or house were called ―menhai,‖ or sea before the door by the ancient Chinese.They believed that with a sea by the door, fire could not wreak havoc.The vats served both as a decoration and as a fire extinguisher.They were kept full of water all year round. During the Qing Dynasty, they were altogether 308 vats in the palace enclosure.They were made of gilt bronze or iron.Of course, the gilt bronze vats were of the best quality.When the allied forces (Britain, Germany, France, Ruia, the United States, Italy, Japan and Austria) invaded Beijing in 1900 under the pretext of suppreing the Boxer Rebellion, the invaders ransacked the imperial compound and scraped and gold off the vats with their bayonets.During the Japanese occupation of Beijing, many vats were trucked away by the Japanese to be made into bullets. (In front of the Hall of Complete Harmony) The square architecture before us is called the Hall of Complete Harmony.It served as an antechamber.The Emperor came here to meet with his countiers and add his final touches to the prayers which would be read at the ancestral Temple.The seeds, snowers and prayer intended for spring sowing were also examined here.The two Qing sedan chairs here on display were used for traveling within the palace during the reign of Emperor Qianlong. (In front of the hall f Preserving Harmony) This is the Hall of Preserving Harmony.During the Qing Dynasty, banquets were held here on New Year\'s eve in honour of Mongolian and Northwestern China\'s xingjiang princes and ranking officials.The Emperor also dinned here with his new son-in-law on the wedding day.Imperial examinations were also held here once every three years.During the Ming and Qing dynasties, there were three levels of exams: the county and prefectural level, the provincial level and national level.The national exam was presided over by the emperor.The civil service exam in ancient China started during the Han Dynasty.It served the purpose of recruiting Confucian scholars to the ministers and high officials.During the Tang and Qing dynasties reinstituted and ancient system.Once every three years, three hundred scholars from all over the country came to Beijing and took exams for three day and night.This system was abolished in 1905. (Behind the hall of preserving harmony) this is the largest stone carving in the palace.It is 16.73 meters long, 3.07 meters wide and 1.7 meters thick.It weighs about 200 tons.The block was quarried in Fangshan County, roughly 70 kilometers away.To transport such a huge block to Beijing, laborers dug wells along the roadside half a kilometer apart, and used the groundwater to make a road of ice in the winter.Rolling blocks were used in the summer.In 1760, Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty ordered the carving of the existing cloud and dragon design in place of the old one which dated back to the Ming Dynasty. Note : From here, the tour can be conducted via three different routes: a western route (Route A), a central route (Route B) or an eastern route (Route C) .The commentary for each follows. Route A Ladies and Gentlemen: You have seen the three main halls of the Forbidden City.Now I \'d like to show you around the hall of mental cultivation and the imperial garden.The hall of mental cultivation is situated is in the western part of the innermost enclosure and is symmetrical to Fengxian (enshrinement of forebears) Hall in the east.This hall was built during the Ming Dynasty.IT is a H-shaped structure consisting of an antechamber and a main building.The hall is surrounded by corridors.In front of the hall is the Office of Privy Council. Before Emperor Kangxi of Qing the Dynasty came to power the Hall of Heavenly Purity served as the living quarter of the emperors.Emperor Yongzheng chose to live in this hall and attended to every day state affairs from here.For the sake of protecting cultural relics, this hall is not open to the public.You can have a look at the inside from the door.The central hall was the audience chamber where the emperor read memorials, granted audience to officials and summoned his minsters for consultation.The western chamber of the hall was where the emperor read reports and discued military and political affairs.The hall consists of many inner rooms and is decorated with images of Buddha and miniature pagodas.On the screen wall there hangs a picture of two emperors in the Han costume.In a southern room there three rare calligraphic scrolls, hence the name of the room ―Sanxitang‖ (Room of Three Rare Treasures) .The room on the eastern side is of historical interest because it was here that Empre Dowager Cixi usurped power and made decisions on behalf of the young emperor.A bamboo curtain was used to separate them. Empre Dowage Cixi was born in 1835 in Lu\'an Prefecture of shanxi province.She\'s of Manchurian nationality and her father was a provincial governor from south China.When she was 17 years old, she was selected to become a concubine of Emperor Xianfeng and moved into the Forbidden City.She gave birth to a son when she was 21years old and was made a concubine the following year.When the emperor paed away in the summer of 1861, her son ascended the throne and title of Cixi, meaning ―Holy Mother‖ was conferred upon her and she became the Empre Dowager.In that same year Empre Dowager Cixi carried out a count coup d\'etat and ruled behind the scenes with another empre dowager, Ci\'an, for 48 years.She paed away in 1908 at the age of 73.It was in reference to this situation that the term ―attending to state affairs behind a bamboo curtain‖ developed.In 1912, Empre dowager Longyu declared the abdication of the last Qing emperor Puyi.They were allowed to remain in the Forbidden City for the next 13 years.The royal family was forced to move out permanently in 1924. Behind the central hall were the living accommodation of 8 succeive Qing emperors.Three of them actually paed away here.The side rooms flanking the hall were reserved for emprees and concubines.Now let\'s continue with our tour.It will take us to the Hall of heavenly purity, the hall of union and peace, the palace of earthly tranquility, and the imperial garden. Route B (Inside the Hall of heavenly Purity) Ladies and Gentlemen: We are now entering the inner court.From the Gate of Heavenly Purity northward lies the inner court where the emperors and emprees once lived.The Hall of heavenly Purity is the central hall of the inner court, and was completed during the Reign of Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty.There are 10 pillars supporting the entire structure and the hall is 20 meters in height.In the center of the hall there is a throne.Above it hangs a plaque with an inscription that reads ―Be open and above-board,‖ written by Shenzhi, the first emperor of the Qing Dynasty.Beginning with Qianlong\'s reign, the name of the succeor to the throne was not publicly announced.Instead, it was written on two pieces of paper, one to be kept on the emperor\'s person throughout his reign, and the other placed in a small strongbox that was stored behind his plaque.The box was opened only after the emperor paed away.Altogether there where 4 emperors who ascended the throne in this way, namely Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang and Xian feng. The hall of heavenly purity was where the emperors lived during the Ming and Qing dynasties.According to tradition, extravagant annual banquets were held here on New Year\'s Eve in honour of royal family members.Foreign ambaadors were received here during the late-Qing period.Two important ―one thousand old men\'s feasts‖ of the Qing Dynasty were also held here.All the invitees had to be at least 65 years of age.This hall was also used for mourning services. (Inside the Palace of Union and Peace) this hall sits between the Hall of heavenly Purity and the Palace of Earthly Tranquility, symbolizing the union of heaven and earth, as well as national peace.It was first built in 1420 and reconstructed in 1798.The hall is square in shape, and is smaller than the Hall of complete Harmony.You will see a plaque here inscribed with two Chinese characters, wu wei, which were handwritten by Emperor Qianlong.A throne sits in the middle of the hall with a screen behind it.Above the throne there hangs a caion, or covered ceiling.The emperor held birthday celebrations and other major events here. In 1748 during Emperor Qianlong\'s reign, 25 jade seals representing imperial authority were kept in this hall.No seals were allowed out of the room without the prior consent of the emperor.On each flack there is a water clock and a chiming clock. (Inside the palace of earthly tranquility) This used to be the central hall where succeive Ming emprees lived.During the Qing dynasty, it was converted into a place where sacrifices and wedding ceremonies were held.The room on the western side was used for sacrifices and the room on the east was the seeding chamber. Route C Ladies and Gentlemen: You have seen the three main halls of the Forbidden City.Now I\'d like to show you around scenes of interest along the eastern route.The first is the Treasure Hall.This mansion is called the Hall of Imperial Zenith.This is where Sing Emperor Quailing lived after abdication.Nearly 1,000 artifacts and treasures are on display here, among which the Golden Hair Tower is one of the most famous.This tower is 1.53meters in height and its base is 0.53 meters in circumference.It was built under the order of Emperor Quailing to be used to collect fallen hair in commemoration of his mother.There is also a ―Day harneing Water Jade Hill‖ on display here.Yu was a legendary monarch of the remote Ixia dynasty.Under his leadership, the people learned how to harne the Yellow River.This jade aemblage, 224 centimeters in height and 5 tons in weight, is the largest jade artwork in China.This mat was woven with peeled ivory.These artifacts are among China\'s rarest treasures. (In front of the Nine-Dragon Screen) This is the Nine-Dragon Relief Screen.Erected in 1773,it is 3.5 meters in height and 29.4 meters in width.Underneath is a foundation made of marble.The surface of the screen is laid with a total of 270 colored, glazed tiles in the design of 9 dragons, some rocky mountains, clouds and the sea.It was meant to ward off evil spirits The ancient Chinese regarded 9 dragons, some rocky mountains, clouds and the sea.It was meant to ward off evil spirits.The ancient Chinese regarded 9 as the largest numeral and the dragon as a auspicious beast.The 9 dragons are different in color and posture and all are made of glazed tiles.Interestingly a piece of the third dragon from the left is made of wood.It is believe that when the Nine-dragon Screen was almost finished, a piece of glazed tile was damaged.Emperor Qianlong was scheduled to inspect the work the following day.Using quick wits, the craftsman in question molded the miing piece with clay and sailed through the imperial inspection.Later, he asked a carpenter to carve a wooden one to replace the one made of clay. (Approaching the Imperial Garden) Behind the Palace of Earthly Tranquility and trading the north-south axis is the imperial Garden.There are old trees, rare flowers and exotic rock formation in this garden.It cover a space of 11,700 square meters, or roughly 1.7 percent of the Forbidden City.Most of the structures in the garden are symmetrically arranged.However, each is different in terms of pattern and decoration.Woods clumps of bamboo screen off the garden and strengthens its deep and serene atmosphere. There main structure of the Imperial Garden is the Qin\'an Hall.Positioned in the central-northern part of the garden, this hall is flanked by other halls and pavilions on the east and west.The hall sits on a marble pedestal.The Taoist deity of Zhenwu is enshrined here and emperor would pay homage here a quarterly basis.Taoist rites were held during the reign of Emperor Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty.In front of the hall there is a cypre that is 400 years old.In all there are a dozen such rare trees in the garden, and most of them are cyprees or pines.To the northwest of the hall, there is the Yanhui (Sustaining Sunshine) Pavilion and to the northeast there lies the Duixiu (Accumulated Refinement) Hill.This Hill was built over the foundation of the Guanhua (Admiring Flowers) Hall of the Ming Dynasty.It is 14 meters in height and made of al kinds of rocks quarried in Jiangsu province.At its base stand two stone lions, each carrying a dragon shooting water 10 meters up into the air from its mouth.There are meandering paths leading to the hilltop.At the top of Duixiu Hill sits the Yujing (Imperial Viewing) Pavilion.Traditionally, On the day of the Double Ninth Festival (the ninth day of the ninth lunar month), the emperor, his consort, and his concubines would climb up to Yujing Pavilion to enjoy the scenery.At the southeastern corner of the Garden is Jiangxue (Crimson Snowy) Verandah.Nearby to the southwest lies Yangxing Study (study of the cultivation of nature).The yangxing study was used as a royal library during the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty.The last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, Puyi once studied English there.In front of the Jiangxue Verandah some Chinese flowering crabapples grow.The structure got its name from the crabapples who blooms from crimson to snowy white.In front of the Verandah, there grows a rare flower that was brought from henna Province under the order of Empre dowager Cixi.In the northeast is Chizao Tang (Hall of Using Flowery Language), once used as a library where rare books were stored. There are also specific pavilions symbolizing the four seasons.The halls of Wanchun and Qianqiu, representing spring and autumn respectively, are square in shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shaped ridges.The halls of Chengrui and Fubi, dedicated to winter and summer, are characterized by two verandahs and bridges at their bases.Paths were paved with colorful pebbles and arranged in 900 different designs. The Imperial Garden can be acceed through the Qiong yuan (Jade Garden ) West gate or the qiong yuan east gate.A third gate, the shunzhen (Obedience and Fidelity) Gate, opens to the north.Its doors are laid in glazed tiles and it was only used by the empre or concubines. As our tour of the Forbidden City draws to a close, I hope that I have helped you understand why the Palace is a treasure of China and one of the cultural relics of the world.It is under the strict protection of the Chinese government.Since 1949 when the people\'s Republic of China was founded, nearly one trillion RMB was spent on its restoration and refurbishment.The Forbidden City has undergone four major facelifts to date.Each year, the government earmarks a large sum to gather, sort and study cultural relics.The Palace now contains a total of 930,000 cultural relics.Well, so much for today.Let\'s go to board the coach.Thank you!

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