习语翻译(教案)
2020-03-02 05:05:19 来源：范文大全收藏下载本文
Translating/Interpreting Idioms
习语翻译
1． Idiom for Idiom(以习语译习语)。请找出下列习语相应的英/汉习语：
（1） 水滴石穿 （2） 破釜沉舟 （3） 隔墙有耳 （4） 积少成多 （5） 三思而后行 （6） 无风不起浪 （7） 一箭双雕
（8） 一言既出，驷马难追 （9） 种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆 （10） 谋事在人，成事在天
（11） The burnt child dreads the fire.（12） Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion.（13） Where there is a will, there is a way.（14） Strike while the iron is hot.（15） To fish in the air （16） Don’t wash your dirty linen in public.（17） To kill the goose that lays golden eggs （18） All good things must come to an end.（19） A fall to the pit, a gain in your wit.（20） Hungry dogs will eat dirty puddings.
There is no smoke without fire.Walls have ears.As you sow, so will you reap.Look before you leap.Man proposes, god disposes.To burn one’s boats What is said cannot be unsaid.Many a little makes a mickle.Constant dripping wears the stone.To kill two birds with one stone.吃一堑，长一智。 有志者，事竟成。 缘木求鱼 饥不择食
天下没有不散的筵席。 宁为鸡头，勿为凤尾。 趁热打铁
家丑不可外扬。
一朝被蛇咬，十年怕草绳。 杀鸡取卵
1 2.Literal Translation (直译法) 以下是根据汉语习语直译而成，请说出其相应的汉语习语。
（1） as easy as turning over one’s hand/palm—very easy易如反掌 （2） as short-sighted as mice—see no farther than one’s nose鼠目寸光 （3） a gentleman uses his tongue, not his fists.君子动口不动手
（4） There’ll never be a shortage of firewood as long as green hills remain; As long as green mountains are there, one need not worry about firewood; While there is life, there is hope.留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。
（5） A bosom friend afar brings a distant land near; A bosom friend afar makes a world smaller; Long distance separates no bosom friends.海内存知己，天涯若比邻。
（6） A thousand-li journey is started by taking the first step.（7） The gift itself may be as light as a feather, but sent afar, it conveys deep feelings.千里送鹅毛，礼轻情义重。
（8） Leniency to those who confe, and punishment to those who resist.坦白从宽，抗拒从严！
（9） To cut the feet to fit the shoes削足适履
（10） Distant water cannot put out a nearby fire.远水解不了近火 （11） Good medicine is bitter in the mouth, but good for the disease.（12） Listen to both sides and you will be enlightened; heed only one side and you will be benighted.兼听则明，偏听则暗。 （13） Blood is thicker than water.（14） To play with fire （15） To show one’s cards摊牌
（16） To be armed to the teeth武装到牙齿
（17） To head a wolf into the house （18） As sly as a fox （19） An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.（20） God helps those who help themselves.
3.Paraphrasing or Free Translation (意译法) 以下习语一般用意译，请试着翻译。
（1） 小二黑过年，一年不如一年。To be going from bad to worse; to be deteriorating （2） 擀面杖吹火—一窍不通to know practically nothing about… （3） 碰一鼻子灰to be snubbed; to meet with rebuff; to be rejected （4） 打开天窗说亮话Frankly speaking; Let’s be frank.（5） 木已成舟，只好如此了！What’s done is done, and cannot be undone.（6） 不管三七二十一regardle of the consequences （7） 小巫见大巫to be simply nothing compared to…
（8） 十五个吊桶打水—七上八下in a turmoil; to be extremely upset （9） 一个和尚挑水吃，两个和尚抬水吃，三个和尚没水吃。Everyone’s busine is nobody’s busine.（10） a fly on the wheel自以为有天大本事的人
（11） a bull in a china shop公牛闯进瓷器店，肆意捣乱 （12） to paint the lily为百合花上色，费力不讨好
2 （13） an area flowing with milk and honey鱼米之乡，洞天福地 （14） by hook or crook不择手段
（15） to carry fire in one hand and water in the other施展两面手法 （16） Every dog has its day.人人皆有得意之日。
4.Literal Translation Combined with Paraphrasing (直译加注法) （1） 杀鸡给猴看
to kill the chicken to frighten the monkey—to punish somebody as a warning to others.（2） 班门弄斧 to show off one’s skill with the axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter—to display one’s slight skill before an expert/to teach your grandma to suck eggs/to offer to teach fish to swim （3） 三个臭皮匠，赛过诸葛亮。Three cobblers with their wits combined surpa Zhuge Liang the mastermind—two heads are better than one.
Principles for Translating/Interpreting Idioms 翻译习语的原则
There are a number of principles to be followed in translating/interpreting idioms.1. Principle of Translating/Interpreting Idioms with Idioms 在忠实于原文意思的情况下，尽可能用习语翻译习语。请翻译： （1） 既往不咎
（2） 有钱能使鬼推磨
（3） The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak.（4） Birds of a feather flock together.（5） Once bitten, twice shy.
2.Principle of Retaining the Image 尽可能保留（原文的）形象。请翻译： （1） A stitch in time saves nine.（2） Man proposes, God/Heaven disposes.（3） 一寸光阴一寸金。An inch of time is an inch of gold.Time is money.（4） 君子动口不动手。
3.Principle of Achieving Brevity 尽可能简洁。 （1） 三个臭皮匠，赛过诸葛亮。
（2） 天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福。The unexpected always happens.（3） Give him an inch and he will take an ell.（4） Justice has long arms.
4.Pay Attention to “False Friends” 注意“假朋友”：
（1） 你可不能食言啊！ You can’t break your promise.（2） You are pulling my leg.你在开玩笑。
（3） A horse stumbles that has four legs.人非圣贤，孰能无过。 （4） He’s leading a dog’s life.非人的/牛马不如的 （5） I am dead-beat today.精疲力竭
3 5.Try to memorize the established versions of translation.尽可能记住约定俗成的译文。 （1） 己所不欲，勿施于人。Do as you would be done by./ Do unto others as you would have them to do to you./ Do not do to others what you do not wish to be done to yourself.（2） 说曹操，曹操到。Talk/Speak of an angel and you will hear his wings./ Speak of the wolf, and you will see his tail./ Talk/Speak of the devil and he will appear.（3） 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。If one does not work hard in youth, one will regret it in old age./ A young idler, and old beggar./ An idle youth, a needy age./ They must hunger in frost that will not work in heat.
6.Try to convey the original meage, whichever method is used.努力传达原文意思。请翻译：
（1） Don’t argue with him.He has already got one foot in the grave.别跟他争，他已经是风烛残年的人了。
（2） It was a long time before someone broke the ice at the meeting.会上出现了很长时间的僵局。
（3） This was a rag to the bull.这话简直是朝着公牛晃红布，火上浇油。 （4） You are a dreamboat.你是位（异性所追求的）理想人选。 （5） You are such a dish.你是个绝色美人。 （6） I only have eyes for you.我只在意你。 （7） Just cool your heels!好了，安静会儿吧。
Exercises 1.Find the equivalents for the following Chinese idioms and quotations.(1) 别有用心
（2）出尔反尔
（3）称王称霸
（4）背信弃义 （5）狂妄自大
（6）狼狈为奸
（7）礼尚往来
（8）众志成城 （9）利令智昏
（10）自食其果
（11）忠言逆耳
（12）自取灭亡 （13）倒行逆施
（14）变本加厉
（15）有目共睹
（16）一如既往 （17）危言耸听
（18）说三道四
（19）丧权辱国
（20）引狼入室 （21）后患无穷
（22）义愤填膺
（23）大势所趋
（24）背道而驰 （25）一意孤行
（26）坐收渔人之利（27）远亲不如近邻 （28）换汤不换药 （29）搬起石头砸自己的脚。
（30）冒天下之大不韪 （31）情人眼里出西施。
（32）醉翁之意不在酒。
（33）只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯。
（34）住在狼窝边，小心不为过。 （35）天地万物，莫贵于人。
（36）又要马儿好，又要马儿不吃草。 （37）天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福。
（38）人不可貌相，海水不可斗量。 （39）人无千日好，花无百日红。
（40）血浓于水，叶落归根。 （41）满招损，谦受益。
（42）居移气，养移体。
（43）刚者至柔，柔者至刚。
（44）八仙过海，各显神通。 （45）每逢佳节倍思亲。
（46）酒逢知己千杯少。
（47）常言道：近朱者赤，近墨者黑。
（48）有缘千里来相会，无缘对面不相逢。 （49）凡事预则立，不预则废。
（50）棒头出孝子。 （51）饱汉不知饿汉饥。
（52）伴君如伴虎。
4 （53）天行健，君子以自强不息。
（54）冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。 （55）宝剑锋从磨砺出，梅花香自苦寒来。
1) Blinded by one’s gains; to bend one’s principles to one’s interests; to be so obseed with the idea of profit-making that one loses all sense of righteousne.9利令智昏 2) To make irresponsible remarks/criticisms（18）
3) To lift a rock only to crush/squash one’s own feet; to tread on one’s own tail（29） 4) The united will of the maes is like a fortre; People with one will are stronger than a fortre; Unity is strength.（8）
5) The same medicine prepared with different water; the same old stuff with a different label; a change in form but not in eence（28）
6) To surrender a country’s sovereign rights under humiliating terms; to humiliate the nation by forfeiting its sovereignty（19）
7) To reap the spoils of victory without lifting a finger; to profit from other’s conflict（26）
8) To be obvious to all; as clear as day（15）
9) Arrogant and conceited; self-important; to ride the high horse; false pride; to get too big for one’s boots（5）
10) As always; just as in the past; as before（16）
11) To cling obstinately to one’s course; to act willfully; to insist on having one’s own way（25）
12) To band together; to collaborate/collude with sb in evil doing（6）
13) To intensify one’s efforts to do sth; to become aggravated; to be further intensified; with ever-increasing intensity(14) 14) The trend of the time; the general trend（23）
15) To act in bad faith; to play foul/false; treacherous; to go back on one’s words（4） 16) To go against the trend of the times; to set back the clock; to push a reactionary policy（13）
17) To run counter to…（24）
18) To play the tyrant; to dominate/domineer and swashbuckle（3）
19) To go back on one’s words; to play fast and loose; to blow hot and cold; to chop and change; inconsistent/undependable/self-contradictory（2） 20) Honest advice is unpleasant to the ear.（11）
21) To invite/bring a wolf into the house; to open the door to an enemy（20）
22) To court one’s own ruin/doom/disaster; to invite one’s own destruction; to cut one’s own throat; to bring destruction to oneself; to take the road to one’s doom（12） 23) No end of trouble for the future; Endle trouble will follow.（21）
24) To have ulterior motives; with malicious intent; to have an axe to grind（1）
25) To eat one’s own bitter fruit; to reap what one sows; to bite off one’s own head; to face the consequences of one’s own action（10） 26) To be filled with indignation（22）
27) To defy public opinion (the will of the people); to face universal condemnation（30） 28) To exaggerate just to scare/frighten people; alarmist talk; sensational（17）
29) Neighbors are dearer than distant relatives.Neighbors are more helpful than distant
5 relatives.A remote kinsfolk is not as good as a near neighbor.（27）
30) Courtesy demands reciprocity; to exchange on an equal basis/footing.（7）
31) Preparedne ensures succe and unpreparedne spells failure.Forewarned, forearmed.（49）
32) Nothing is so strong as gentlene; Nothing is so gentle as strength.（43）
33) Storms gather without warning in nature, and bad luck befalls men overnight.The weather and human lige are both unpredictable.（37）
34) Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.Love sees no fault.Beauty lies in the lover’s eyes.（31）
35) Many ki the baby for the nurse’s sake.The drinker’s heart is not in his cup—he has something else in his mind.One talks bout one thing, but tries to do another.（32）
36) A person cannot be judged by his appearance, just like sea cannot be measured by a bucket.A person can no more be judged by his looks than the sea be measured with a bucket.（38）
37) Like the Eight Fairies/Immortals croing the sea, each displaying his own talent/magic power.（44）
38) Spare the rod and spoil the child.（50）
39) No pains, no gains.No gains without pains.（55）
40) The well-fed simply has no idea of how the starving suffers.（51）
41) On festive occasion, more often than ever, we think of our dear ones far away.（45） 42) Man cannot be always fortunate just as flowers do not last forever.（39）
43) While the magistrates are free to burn down houses, the common people are forbidden even to light lamps.One may steal a horse while another may not look over a hedge.（33）
44) Living near a wolf’s den, you can never be too cautious.（34）
45) Blood is thicker than water, the falling leaves settle on the roots.（40）
46) Among bosom friends, a thousand cups of wine are not too many/enough.A thousand cups of wine are too few when drinking with close friends.（46） 47) Nearest the king, nearest the gallows.绞刑架（52）
48) As heaven maintains vigor through movement, a gentleman should constantly strive for self-perfection.（53）“天”的译法值得商榷。“天道酬勤”“替天行道” 49) As the saying goes, “What’s near cinnabar goes red, and what’s next to ink turns black.”（47）
50) Haughtine invites loes while modesty brings profits.（41）
51) Of all the living things nurtured between heaven and earth, the most valuable is the human beings.（35）
52) You want the horse to run fast and yet you don’t let it graze.（36）
53) One’s position alters the temperament, just as nourishment affects the body.Honors change manners.（42）
54) Those who are meant to (按道理应该)meet will meet even if they are separated by a thousand miles; those who are not meant to meet will not get acquainted even if they brush shoulders with one another.（48）
55) It takes more than a day to freeze three feet of ice.Rome was not built in a day.（54）
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2． Interpret the following English idioms into Chinese.(1) as blind as a bat 有眼无珠
(2) as cool as a cucumber镇定自若 (3) as easy as rolling off a log易如反掌
(4) a bed of roses称心如意的境遇，安乐窝 (5) between the devil and the blue sea进退两难 (6) to call a spade（铲） a spade直言不讳 (7) now or never机不可失，时不再来
(8) to pull one’s leg跟某人开玩笑，骗某人 (9) with tongue in cheek假心假意地 (10) much cry and little wool雷声大雨点小 (11) to wear one’s heart on one’s sleeve过于心直口快；过于直率 (12) The leopard cannot change its spots.江山易改，本性难移 (13) A small leak will sink a great ship.千里之堤，溃于蚁穴 (14) He that sups with the devil must have a long spoon.和坏人打交道，必须提高警惕 (15) As the touchstone tries gold, so gold tries men.试金石试金，金子则考验人 (16) Behind the mountains there are people to be found.山外有山，天外有天 (17) The proof of pudding is in the eating.实践得真知 (18) One cannot make a silk purse out of a sow’s ear.巧妇难为无米之炊 (19) Nothing succeeds like succe.一事成功，事事顺利 (20) Enough is as good as a feast.知足常乐 (21) Do not count your chickens before they are hatched.不要过早乐观 (22) Many hands make light work.人多好办事 (23) The mill of God grind slowly.天网恢恢，疏而不漏 (24) He laughs best who laughs last.(25) Marry in haste and repent at leisure.草率结婚后悔多 (26) Courtesy on one side lasts not long.单方面礼貌不会长久 (27) Little thieves are hanged, but great ones escaped.窃钩者诛，窃国者侯 (28) Like attracts like.物以类聚，人以群分 (29) Everyone for himself, the devil take the hindmost.人不为己，天诛地灭 (30) Speak of the wolf, and you will see his tail.说曹操，曹操到 (31) It’s no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收，后悔无益 (32) Fish begins to stink at the head.上梁不正下梁歪 (33) Nothing venture, nothing gain/have.不入虎穴，焉得虎子 (34) Time and tide wait for no man.时不我待，岁月不饶人 (35) The life of the wolf is the death of the lamb.豺狼活，则羔羊死。 (36) Speech is silver, silence is gold.雄辩是银，沉默是金 (37) Short accounts make long friends.债务还的早，朋友交得长 (38) There is no rose without a thorn.没有不带刺的玫瑰，没有尽善尽美的快乐 (39) Better late than never.迟到总比不到好，晚做总比不做好 (40) Many a good cow hath a bad calf.良牛产劣犊（好的父母未必培养出好的子女） (41) Absence makes the heart grow fonder.别离情更深。距离产生美。 (42) Action speaks louder than words.百说不如一干
7 (43) A house divided against itself cannot stand.家庭不睦，万事不兴 (44) A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.(45) A lazy youth, a lousy age.少时懒惰，老来虱咬（少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲） (46) All that glitters is not gold.(47) All things are difficult before they are easy.凡事开头难 (48) All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.只用功不玩耍，聪明的孩子也变傻。 (49) A mi is as good as a mile.失之毫厘，差之千里。 (50) An apple a day keeps the doctor away.一天一苹果，医生远离我/胜过找医生 (51) A stitch in time saves nine.一针及时省九针 (52) Barking dogs seldom bite.(53) Birds of a feather flock together.物以类聚，人以群分 (54) Circumstances alter cases.具体情况，具体分析 (55) Coming events cast their shadows before.未来之事，必有前兆。（山雨欲来风满楼？） (56) Dog does not eat dog.同类不相残 (57) Doing nothing is doing ill.无所事事，必干坏事 (58) Do not keep all the eggs in one basket.不要孤注一掷 (59) Don’t put the cart before the horse.不要本末倒置 (60) Early sow, early mow.早种早收 (61) Easier said than done.说来容易，做来难 (62) Easy come, easy go.来得容易去的快 (63) Empty veels make the most noise.满瓶子不响，半瓶子晃荡。 (64) Example is better than precept（规则）.身教胜过言教 (65) Facts speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩 (66) Failure teaches succe.失败是成功之母 (67) Far from eye, far from heart.眼不见，心不念 (68) Good advice is harsh to the ear.忠言逆耳 (69) Grasp all, lose all.欲尽得，必失尽。样样抓，样样差。 (70) Great hopes make great man.伟大的理想造就伟大的人 (71) Harm watch, harm catch.害人反害己。（例赶火车） (72) Haste makes waste.忙中有错 (73) Idlene is the root of all evil.懒惰是万恶之源 (74) In for a penny, in for a pound.一不做，二不休 (75) In the end, things will mend.车到山前必有路 (76) It is never too late to learn.(77) Justice has long arms.天网恢恢疏而不漏 (78) Knowledge in youth is wisdom in age.少时有知识，老来有智慧 (79) Learn not, and know not.不学而无术 (80) Learn to say before you sing.先学说，后学唱 (81) Like father, like son.有其父必有其子 (82) Lookers-on see most of the game.旁观者清 (83) Lost time is never found again.光阴一去不复返 (84) Love is blind.(85) Love me, love my dog.爱屋及乌
8 (86) Make hay while the sun shines.趁热打铁 (87) Misfortune never come singly.祸不单行 (88) Money is the root of all evil.(89) More haste, le speed.欲速则不达 (90) Neceity is the mother of invention.需要是发明之母 (91) No man is born wise or learned.人非生而知之，乃学而知之 (92) No news is good new.(93) Of nothing comes nothing.巧妇难为无米之炊 (94) One man’s fault is another man’s leon.前车之覆，后车之鉴 (95) One swallow does not make a summer.独燕不成夏 (96) One today is worth two tomorrow.把握一个今天，胜似两个明天 (97) Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧 (98) Prevention is better than cure.与其补救于已然，不如防患于未然 (99) Seeing is believing.眼见为实 (100) Self do, self have.自作自受 (101) Tall trees catch much wind.树大招风 (102) Teaching others teaches yourself.教学相长 (103) The more he learns, the more he sees his ignorance.(104) Union is strength.(105) Virtue is fairer far than beauty.美德远胜于美貌 (106) Waste not, want not.俭则不匮 (107) Youth and age will never agree.老少难相投 (108) Some prefers turnips and others pears.萝卜白菜，各有所爱 (109) A good beginning is half the battle.
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