现在,过去分词用法及习题解析版

非谓语动词讲解及训练 现在分词

动词的-ing形式：

动词的ing形式是非谓语动词中的一种，它由动词原形加-ing 形成。有的动词-ing形式在句中起名词作用，有的则起形容词或副词作用。所以在句中，动词的-ing形式可以担当除了谓语以外的任何成分，即：主语、表语、宾语（介词宾语和动词宾语）、定语、状语和宾语补足语（宾补）。动词-ing形式仍具有动词的若干特点，所以它又可以有自己的宾语和状语等。

一般式：动词原形+-ing 所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生 e.g.I found him lying on the ground.

完成式：having+动词的过去分词

所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前 e.g.Do you remember having promised me that?

被动式：being+动词的过去分词或having been +动词的过去分词，表示该词的逻辑主语是动作的承受者

e.g.I can’t stand being treated like that.

否定式：在动词的-ing形式前加not 或 never e.g.I apologize for not having kept my promise.1.作表语，相当于形容词。

1)The film is moving and interesting.这部电影感人又有趣。

2)The news sounds encouraging.这个消息听起来激动人心。

（起形容词作用的动词的 ing 形式含有“令人„„”的意思。如：amusing, astonishing, boring, exciting, inspiring, miing, promising, puzzling, surprising, tiring, embarraing, disappointing, worrying, frightening, moving） pleasing, etc.） 2.作定语

exciting news激动人心的消息 a tiring day 累人的一天

1) The man running over there is our chairman. =The man who is running over there is our chairman.这个跑过来的人是我们的主席。

2)The road joining the two villages is very wide. =The road that joins the two villages is very wide.连接两个村子的路非常的宽。

3)They lived in a room facing the north thirty years ago. =They live in a room which faced the north thirty years ago.三十年前，他们住在一个朝北的房间里。

3.宾语补足语，经常用在动词feel，hear，leave，keep，listen to，look at，notice，see，watch，etc.后作宾补，表示动作正在进行，状态正在持续。

1) When he paed the bank, he saw the thief stealing some money.

当他路过银行的时候，他看到小偷正在偷钱。

2) The parents can hear their daughter playing the piano.

这对父母可以听到他们的女儿在弹钢琴。 3) He kept me waiting for almost an hour.

他让我等了将近一个小时。

4)Don’t leave him waiting outside in the rain.别让他在雨里等。

4.作状语： 分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、伴随等等。分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。

1) The secretary worked late into the night, preparing a long speech for the president.(伴随状语)

秘书工作到深夜，为主席准备长长的演讲稿。

2) They came into the claroom, singing and dancing.(伴随状语)

她们边唱边跳走进教室。

3) Hearing the news he jumped.（时间状语）

听到这个消息他跳了起来。

4) Having studied the map, I know which way to go.（时间状语）

研究了地图之后，我知道该走哪条路了。

5) Not wanting to be late, I took a taxi there.（原因状语）

为了避免迟到，我打车去那儿的。

6) Being so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep.（原因状语）

他太生气了睡不着。

7) Being unemployed, the man hasn’t enough money to buy food.

这个男人被解雇了，没有足够的钱买食物。

8) The bus was held up by the snowstorm, thus causing the delay.(结果状语)

公交车被困在暴风雪中，耽误了时间。

9) His parents died, leaving him alone.(结果状语)

他的父母去世了，留下他一个人。

10) Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.(让步)

虽然被告知了很多次，他仍然重复同样的错误。 11) While playing the piano, she got very excited.=When she was playing the piano, she got very excited.她弹钢琴的时候变得非常兴奋。

12) Be careful when croing the street.=Be careful when you are croing the street.过马路的时候要小心。 注意：

(1)V-ing 所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生 1) Hearing the bad news, they couldn’t help crying.

=On hearing the bad news, they couldn’t help crying.

听到这个坏信息，他们忍不住哭了。

常用的这类动词有：arrive, close, cook, hear, leave, open, return, see etc.(2)动词-ing所表示的动作完成之后，谓语动词所表示的动作才发生 1) Having turned off the radio, he began to go over his leons.=After turning off the radio, he began to go over his leons.他关掉了收音机，开始复习功课。

2) Having received his letter, I decided to write back.=After receiving his letter, I decided to write back.收到他的信，我决定回信。

(3)感官动词see, watch observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice 等和使役动词 have的后面的宾补用现在分词表示主动或正在进行。

1) I heard her singing an English song when I paed by her room yesterday.

昨天我路过她教室的时候，听到她在唱一首英语歌。 2) It’s wrong of you to leave the machine running.

你不该让机器运行。

3) The peasants had the tractor working day and night at the harvest time.

在收获季节，农民让拖拉机日夜不停的工作。

（4）动词-ing逻辑上的主语是动词-ing所表示动作的对象时，一般要用被动形式 1) The squirrel was lucky that it just mied being caught.

松鼠很幸运，没有被抓住。

比较：He insisted on being sent to hospital.

He insisted on sending her to hospital.

如果一个及物动词作定语 ，既要表达进行意味，又要表达被动意味时，就用动词ing的被动形式

2) The question being discued is very important.

正在讨论的问题非常重要。

3) The skyscraper being built is still higher than that one the year before last.

正在修建的摩天大楼比前年盖的那个还要高。 4) Do you know the boy being punished by our teacher?

你认识那个被老师惩罚的男生吗？

（5）动词-ing形式的主动形式代替被动形式的情况

有些动词，如：want, need, require, deserve, worth等后面可以跟动词-ing的主动形式代替被动形式，表达被动意味。

1) The radio wants (needs, requires) repairing.

=The radio wants (needs, requires) to be repaired.

2) The babies want (need, require) examining.

= The babies want (need, require) to be examined.

3) The book is well worth reading again.

这本书很值得再看一遍。

4) These honest men are worth respecting and depending on.

诚实的人值得被尊敬和依赖。

(6)有时动词-ing形式之前加上物主代词或名词的所有格（还可以用宾格）来表示它逻辑上的主语，使它的意思更加完整。

1) Mary’s being late again made her teacher very angry.

玛丽又迟到了，这让她的老师非常生气。 2) Do you mind my /me smoking here?

你介意我在这里抽烟吗？ (7) 一些特殊用法：

a.allow/advise/forbid/permit doing sth.

allow/advise/forbid/permit sb.to do b.Generally speaking --- 一般来说 Frankly speaking, --- 坦白地说 Judging from ---

根据„„来判断 Considering ---

考虑到„„

c.forget doing sth.

忘记已经做过某事 remember doing sth. 记得曾经做过某事 regret doing sth.

后悔做过某事 stop doing sth.

停止做一件事 try doing sth.

尝试着做某事 mean doing sth.

意味着做某事 go on doing sth.

继续做同一件事 can’t help doing sth.情不自禁地做某事

注意比较： forget to do sth.

忘记去做某事

remember to do sth.

记住去做某事

regret to do sth.

遗憾去做某事

stop to do sth.

停下来接着做另一件事

try to do sth.

努力做某事

mean to do sth.

意欲/想/企图做某事

go on to do sth.（做完某事）接着做另一件事

can’t help to do sth.不能帮助做某事 语法练习

一、改写句子

1.It seems impoible to save money now.

=______ ______ now seems impoible.2.When he woke up, he found he was lying in bed. =When he woke up, he found _____ ______ in bed.3.I would rather stay at home than go shopping with Mom. =I _____ _______at home ______ _____shopping with Mom.4.As soon as he arrived, my father hugged Albert and tried to give him courage = _____ _____, my father hugged Albert and tried to give him courage.5.If time permits, I’ll attend your wedding ceremony. =_______ _______, I’ll attend your wedding ceremony.

一、改写句子

1.Saving money

2.himself lying

3.prefer staying; to going

4.upon arrival 5.Time permitting

二、单项选择

1.She insisted ____ to Miami for her summer vacation though it would cost much money.A.on taking

B.on being taken C. to take

D.to be taken 2.He sent me an E-mail, _____to get further information.

A.hoped

B.hoping

C.to hope

D. hope 3.---Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day?

---______enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.

A.Get

B.getting

C.To get

D.To be getting 4.The headmaster hurried to the concert hall， only _____ the speaker ____.

A.t find; left

B.finding; leaving

C.finding; left

D.to find; gone 5.As I will be away for at least a year.I’d appreciate _____from you now and then _____me how everyone is getting along.

A.hearing; tell

B.to hear; tell

C.hearing; telling

D. to hear; to tell

6._____in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.

A. To wait

B. Have waited

C. Having waited

D. To have waited 7.The job is _____to me because I have little experience.However, it is also______.

A.challenging; rewarding

B.challenged; rewarded

C.challenging; rewarded

D.challenged; rewarding 8._____comfortably in a chair, he was completely lost in a magazine.

A.To sit

B.Sat

C.Sitting

D.having sit 9.---I’ve never seen anyone run so fast ---_____David go.

A.just watch

B.just to watch

C.just watching

D.just having watched 10.______ with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.

A.Compare

B.When comparing

C.Comparing

D.When compared

11.It is said that the Olympic Games_____ in Beijing in 2008 covered more events than any other Olympics had done.A.holding B.to be held C.held D.to be holding 12.In the face of the big fire in October in California, many people in the fire-stricken areas moved out _________.A.to escape burning

B.to escape being burned C.escaping burned

D.escaping from burning 13.The great hall was crowded with many people, _____ many children ____ on their parents’ laps.A.including; seated

B.including; seating C.included; sat

D.included; sitting 14.______ for a long time, most of the crops in this area died from lacking water.A.Being no rain

B.There was no rain C.To be no rain

D.There being no rain

15.Taking this medicine, if _______, will of course do good to his health.A.continued

B.to continue

C.continues

D.continuing 16.The little boy still needs the _____ 20 dollars to do with some things ______.A.remaining, remained to be settled

B.remaining, remaining to be settled C.remained, remained to settle

D.remained, remaining to settle 17._______ his age, the little boy read very well.A.Considering

B.Considered

C.Consider

D.Having considered 18.His letter, ______ to the wrong number, reached me late.A.having been addreed

B.to have addreed C.to have been addreed

D.being addreed 19.There are lots of places of interest ______ in our city.A.needs repairing

B.needing repaired C.needed repairing

D.needing to be repaired 20.--- What caused the party to be put off? --- ______ the invitations.A.Tom delayed sending

B.Tom’s delaying sending C.Tom delaying to send

D.Tom delayed to send

21.Standing on the top of the hill, I would not to do anything but________ the flowing of the smog around me.A.enjoy B.enjoying C.enjoyed D.to enjoy 22.--- Is Tom a good talker? --- No, he never speaks to me other than ____ something.A.ask for

B.to ask for

C.asked for

D.asking for 23.I can’t get my car _________ on cold mornings, so I have to try ____ the radiator with some hot water.A.run; to fill

B.running; filling C.running; to fill

D.ran; filling 24.The drunken husband knocked against the table and sent the bowls ______ in all directions before he was sent ________ by his wife.A.flying; to sleep

B.flying; sleeping C.to fly; to sleeping

D.to fly; to sleep 25.When we got back from the cinema, we found the lamp ____ but the door _____.A.being on; shut

B.burning; shutting C.burning; shut

D.on; shutting

26.We found the students seated at tables and had their eyes______ on the scene of the launch of Shenzhou V spaceship.A.fixed

B.fix

C.fixing

D.to fix 27.A doctor can expect _____ at any hour of the day or night.A.calling

B.to call

C.being called

D.to be called 28.The boy often gives a satisfactory answer to the teacher’s question, ______ just a minute.So he’s usually the teacher’s pet.A.thought

B.having thought

C.and to think

D.thinking 29.The policeman came up to the only house with the door _____, ____ there for a while and then entered it.A.open; to stand

B.opening; stood C.open; stood

D.opened; standing 30.Mr.Smith was much surprised to find the watch he had had ____ was nowhere to be seen.A.repairing

B.it repaired

C.repaired

D.to be repaired

语法精讲

动词的-ed形式（过去分词）

一、构成和用法

1、过去分词是动词非谓语形式的一种（v-ed），在句中作状语、定语、表语、宾语补足语。例如：

1）作状语：Interested in the stories (＝as they were interested in her stories), they gave Tracy Wong $15,000 advance.因为对她的小说感兴趣，他们预付了Tracy Wong一万五千美元。

The boy sat at the table buried in his leons (＝and (he) was buried in his leons).那位男孩坐在桌前，埋头做功课。

2）作定语：The first mammal cloned from an adult cell（＝that was / had been cloned from an adult cell）was Dolly the sheep.第一个用成年细胞克隆的哺乳动物是克隆羊多莉。 The name mentioned in the letter（＝which was mentioned in the letter）was unknown to me.信里提到的名字我不熟。

3）作表语：We were surprised to find that the window was broken.窗子破了。

4）作宾语补足语：He found it hard to make himself understood.他发现很难使自己被理解。 问题：由上例（斜体部分）你能看出过去分词有什么特点？ 结论：a）过去分词（常常）表示“被动”含义。

b）作状语和定语时，多数是由相应的从句转化而来。

2、下面的例子中过去分词不表示被动：

The ground is covered with fallen leaves.地上铺满了落叶。

At present China is still le developed than most of western countries.目前中国还没有多数西方国家发达。

Eating boiled eggs will do you good.吃煮鸡蛋对你的身体有好处。 问题：斜体部分的动词有什么共同点？ 结论：fall（掉，落下），develop（发展），boil（煮）等动词在上例中是不及物动词，不及物动词是不能表示被动的，它们的过去分词形式只表示“完成”、“过去”。

3、过去分词的否定（not，never等）要放在过去分词前面。如：

Not given enough time, I had to give up halfway.由于没有给我足够的时间，我只得中途放弃。

4、修饰分词的副词一般置于分词的前面。如：

Greatly encouraged by the story, we are determined to do our best for the country.在这个故事的鼓舞下，我们决心全心全意为祖国服务。

5、过去分词还可以与其它词组成合成形容词。 1）副词＋过去分词：well-educated（受过良好教育的），ill-treated（受到恶劣对待的），overused（被滥用的），homemade（家制的）

2）名词＋过去分词：hand-made（手工制作的），man-made（人造的） 3）另外还有，形容词（或名词）＋名词＋ed的形式：Kind-hearted（心地善良的），absent-minded（心不在焉的）， warm-blooded（温血的）

二、形容词化的过去分词与现在分词

有些动词的过去分词和现在分词已经变成了形容词，这类动词的往往与人的心理感受有关，如： amaze（使吃惊）—amazed—amazing; excite（使兴奋）—excited—exciting, please（使满意）—pleased—pleasing, thrill（使紧张）—thrilled—thrilling等。这类过去分词表示： ①“感到„„的（having the feeling of ）”，表示人的感受，例如：

The public was shocked at his intention to clone a human.公众对他克隆人的意图感到震惊。 The disappointed parents gave a wry smile.（感到）失望的父母苦笑了笑。 ②流露出„„的（showing the feeling of），用来形容人的“表情、眼神”等，常修饰象look, expreion, eye等名词，如：

The audience wore a bored look on their faces.听众脸上挂着厌烦的表情。 现在分词则表示“令人（感到）„„的（giving the feeling of），主要修饰表示事物的名词，但也不尽然。如：

The result is disappointing.结果令人失望。

They rejoiced at the exciting news.他们对这令人兴奋的消息欣喜若狂。 试比较：

the disappointed boy（感到）失望的男孩（意思是说这个男孩感到失望） the disappointing boy 令人失望的男孩（意思是说这个男孩令人失望） 因此，在特定的语境中要多加推敲。

三、图解分词（分词各种形式的比较） 在多数情况下，现在分词表示“主动”、“进行”的含义；

过去分词表示“被动”、“完成”的含义； 如果是“被动”但又是“进行”，那么就用“现在分词的被动式”，“现在分词的被动式”一般用作定语。

如果是“主动”但又是“完成”，那么就用“现在分词的完成式”，“现在分词的完成式”用作状语。

现在分词的被动式 the bridge being built 正在（被）兴建的桥

主动

＋ 进行 ＝现在分词 the workers building the bridge 正在建桥的工人

被动

＋ 完成 ＝过去分词 the bridge built 已（被）建成的桥

现在分词的完成式 Having built the bridge, the workers were allowed some days’ leave.建完了桥后，„„ 单选

1.What did the librarian _____ out of the library? A.permit to take B.forbid to be taken C.allow to take D.insist being taken 2.---- Mum, why do you give me so much popcorn? ---- _____ the boring time.A.Kill B.Killing C.To kill D.Having killed 3.What Yang Liwei wanted to do when he got out of the spaceship was _____ the joy with all the Chinese.A.share

B.shared

C.having shared

D.about to share 4.When she was alone at home, Mary needed a friend ______.A.playing with

B.having played with C.with whom to play with

D.with whom to play 5._____ the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree _____ out of life.A.Seeing; frightened B.Seeing; frightening C.Seen; frightened

D.To see; frightening

6.Could you give me a hand ______ from a car, please? A.to carry the shopping

B.for carrying the shopping C.and carrying shopping

D.carrying the shopping 7.Every minute must be made full use of ______ our leons, for the college entrance examination is coming.A.going over

B.to go over

C.go over

D.our going over 8.Who did the teacher have ______ an article for the wall newspaper just now? A.written

B.writing

C.write

D.to write 9.______ a boy of ten, he started working to support himself.A.Being

B.When still

C.Because of

D.While 10.It is worth much______ is worth doing.A.doing it

B.what to do

C.do what

D.to do what

11.There is always the chance ______ the weak ____ the strong.A.of, defeating

B.about, defeating C.of, winning

D.of, to defeat 12.She is looking forward as much to his return as he himself to ____ her.A.have seen

B.seeing

C.see

D.be seen 13.There are ten waiting rooms at the newly-built station, _____ in all 20,000 people.A.seating

B.seated

C.sitting

D.to seating 14.“ If ,” he added, “ _____ enough time, I would certainly have done it better.” A.to give

B.I was given

C.given

D.to be given 15.---- Can’t you take a few days off from work to go with me to New York? ---- Sure._____ my way and I will be glad to.A.Pay

B.If you pay

C.To pay

D.Paying

16.______ the answer, Tom, who asked the question, still stood with his hand ______.A.Giving; raised

B.Given; raised C.Given; risen

D.Giving; rising 17.---- Shall we go swimming?---- Ok, I’ll just go and get _______.A.to change

B.myself changed

C.changed

D.to be changed 18.---- Would you do me a favor? ---- I regret ______ I am busy just now.A.to say

B.saying

C.having said

D.to have said 19.I have no one _____ me, for I am a new comer here.A.help

B.helping

C.to help

D.to have helped 20.The building ____ in our school is for us teachers.Though there’s noise most of the day, we still feel happy about it.A.built

B.having been built

C.to be built

D.being built

21.There’s ____ what the weather will be like tomorrow.A.no knowing

B.not known

C.not knowing

D.no known 22.---- You ___ part in the party on time.---- Sorry, I was delay by the accident.A.are to take

B.have supposed to take C.were to have taken

D.supposed to take 23._____ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain doesn’t seem high at all.A.When compared

B.To compare C.While comparing

D.It compared 24._____ in her best suit, the girl tried to make herself ____ at the party.A.Dreed; noticed

B.Dreing; noticing C.Dreed; noticing

D.Dreing; noticing 25.The matter ____ your study surely requires ____ carefully.A.relating to; dealing with

B.related to; dealt with C.related to; being dealt with

D.relating to; having dealt with

26.Everything ___ into consideration, they believed themselves more and returned to their positions.A.to take

B.taken

C.to be taken

D.taking 27.---- What do you think of the plan? ---- It’s easier said than _____.A.carried out

B.carrying out C.carry out

D.to carry out 28.Many businemen attended the Boao Forum (博鳌论坛 ) because they knew what ____ from the forum.A.to get

B.to be got

C.got

D.getting 29.There was a famous person at the party whom everyone would like ____to themselves.A.to introduce

B.to be introduced C.introducing

D.being introduced 30.---- Were you at home last Sunday? ---- Yeah! I devoted the whole day to _____ the English grammar.A.review

B.reviewing

C.be reviewed

D.being reviewed

31.Prices of daily goods ______ through a computer can be lower than store prices.A.are bought

B.bought

C.been bought

D.buying 32.____, John returned to school from his hometown.A.The summer vocation being over B.The summer vocation is over C.Because the summer vocation over D.After the summer vocation being over 33.____ she can’t come, who will do the work? A.Supposed

B.Supposing C.Having supposed

D.Being supposed 34.---- Is there anything you want from town? ---- No, thank you.But I would like to get ______.A.those letters mailed

B.mailed letters C.to mail those letters

D.those letters mail 35.After the guests left, she spent as much time as she could ____ the rooms.A.tidy up

B.to clear away

C.clear away

D.tidying up

36._____ it or not, this dictionary has shocked everyone in scientific circles.A.Believe

B.To believe

C.Believing

D.Believed 37.To tell you the truth, I’d rather read than watch TV; the programs seem _____ all the time.A.to get worse

B.to be getting worse C.to have got worse D.getting worse 38.After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on education, with girls as well as boys _____ to go to school.

A.to be encouraged

B.encouraging C.encouraged

D.be encouraged 39.Everyone had an application form in his hand, but no one knew which office ____.A.to send it to

B.to send itC.to be sent to

D.to have it sent 40.The foreign tourists have visited many scenic spots in Shanghai, _____ as interpreter.A.the guide acts

B.the guide acting C.acting

D.acted

41.Linda is thought to ________ in Africa, but I really don’t know what country she is working in.A.have worked

B.work

C.be working

D.be worked 42._____ time and labor, cartoonists generally draw the hands of their characters with only 3 fingers and a thumb.A.To save

B.Saved

C.Saving

D.Having saved 43.____ money if you can and many poor children in the poor mountainous areas will be able to go back to school.A.Having given

B.Given

C.To give

D.Give 44.Whatever trouble Mr.White had ____ with the case, he would stick to his own opinion.A.deal

B.to deal

C.dealt

D.dealing 45._____ the distance was too long and the time was too short, we decided not to drive to Florida.A.Discovering

B.To discover C.To have discovered

D.Discovered

46.What surprised me most was that there appeared a ____ look on her face on hearing the unexpected news.A.worrying

B.worried

C.worry

D.worries 47.If you go to the West Lake in Hangzhou, you will find it more attractive than commonly _______.A.supposing

B.to suppose

C.supposed

D.being supposed 48.---- Haven’t you seen the sign, ____ “ NO PHOTOS”? ---- I’m really sorry I didn’t.A.reads

B.to read

C.read

D.reading 49.____ nice and delicious, the fried chicken was soon sold out.A.Tasted

B.Being tasted

C.Tasting

D.To taste 50.----The plan is heard _______ so well that we don’t have to make any changes.----It is indeed.A.to design

B.designing

C.designed

D.design

51—55 ADCBA

56—60 BCABB

51.The woman found it no good ____ her daughter too much money.A.giving

B.being given

C.given

D.gave 52.Her dre has become loose.She appears ____ weight.A.to lose

B.being lost

C.losing

D.to have lost 53.I find these problems are easy ____.A.to be worked out B.to work them out C.to work out D.to be worked them out

54.The purpose of new drugs used on patients is to make them le painful, ____ them more terrible.A.not make

B.not to make C.not making

D.do not make 55.----I would like to buy an expensive camera.----Well.We have several models ____.A.to choose from

B.of choice C.to be chosen

D.for choosing

56.Tigers _____ meat-eating animals _____ meat.A.belonged to ; fed on B.belonging to ; feed on

C.were belonged to ; feed on D.belonging to ; feeding on 57.----Is it _____ the bad smell that is difficult?----Of course.A.how getting rid of

B.got rid of C.to get rid of

D.being got rid of 58.Never ______ off your coat ; it’s rather cold outside.A.take

B.taking

C.to take

D.taken 59.You have no busine______ to me the way you did yesterday.A about talking

B.talking

C.talked

D.on talking 60.We must treasure every minute because______ time is ______forever.A.lost; losing

B.lost; lost

C.losing; losing

D.losing; lost

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