高二英语Unit14知识点总复习教案
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高二英语Unit14 Making a difference知识点总复习教案
Section I 课前准备、听力、口语
1.Martin Luther King.Jr formed an organization for American black leaders to work together in 1957.马丁.路德.金在1957年组成了一个为黑人领袖们共同工作的组织。(P.25 Martin Luther King, Jr 第五点) ★ form vt.(1) vt.组织，组成 He formed a cla for beginners.他成立了一个初学班。 (2) vt.形成(人格、精神)；养成习惯 Group activities help to form a child’s character.团体活动对小孩的性格形成有帮助。 (3) vt.& vi.想出(计划、意见等)，(希望，想法等的)产生I can\'t form an opinion about it.这件事我想不出什么意见。An idea formed in his mind.他心中产生了某种想法。 (4) vt.使„„排队(成„„) The captain formed soldiers into a line.那位上尉让士兵排成一列。
(5) n.[U, C] 形状，外形The cookies were all in the form of stars.那些饼干的形状都像星星。
(6)[C]形态，种类Different countries have different forms of government.不同的国家有不同的政治形态。
(7)[C]格式，表格纸 fill in the form 填写表格 辨析：form，figure与shape form 应用最广，意义最不受限制，可指外在的形状或内在的形式等。the form of a square 正方形; literary form 文学形式figure 线条决定的形状、图案；可指人的身材。draw a figure of a circle 画个圆形; a slim figure 修长的身材shape 指外部的线条，但有较强的“团、块”概念。the shape of a bottle 瓶子的形状; work the clay into the shape of a woman 将陶土塑成一个女人的形状
联想：(后缀) former adj.从前的，早先的the former 前者 (与the latter相对) formative adj.构成的，形成的
from prep.自，从
拓展：in form / on form 情况良好; out of form / off form情况不好
2.Nelson Mandela was put in prison from 1962 till 1989.Nelson Mandela 从1962年到1989年被投入监狱。(P.25 Nelson Mandela 第六点) ★ prison: put／throw／send sb.in (into) prison 将„„送进监狱，注意：prison前不加冠词，表示较为抽象的概念。其被动形式为be put in (into) prison (被关进监狱).be sent to prison (被送进监狱); be thrown into prison (被投进监狱)。如：Law-breakers are put in／into prison.犯法的人都要坐牢。The thief was sent to prison for a year.那个小偷被送去坐了一年牢。He was put in prison／thrown into prison／sent to prison／taken to prison for political reasons.由于政治原因，他被关进了监狱。Whoever refused to bow was thrown into prison.任何拒绝鞠躬的人都被关进了监狱。 拓展：go to prison 入狱; be out of prison 出狱; be in prison 在狱中; escape from prison 越狱; come out of prison 出狱; break prison 越狱
3.In 1850 a law was made to forbid people to help run- away slave.1850年通过一项法律阻止人们帮助逃跑的奴隶。(P.26 Harriet Tubman 第三点) ★forbid (过去式forbade, forbad; 过去分词 forbidden) vt.“禁止；不许；阻止”，常用的结构是：forbid + doing“禁止干某事”；forbid + sb.to do sth.“禁止某人干某事／阻止某人干某事。” Smoking is forbidden in our school.我们学校禁止吸烟。If you want to go, I can\'t forbid you.你想去，我也拦不住你。I forbid you to use my tape recorder.我不许你用我的录音机。They forbid walking in the fields.他们禁止在地里走。
注意：“阻止某人干某事”的说法还有：
stop／prevent／keep sb.from doing sth.Parking forbidden! = No parking! 禁止停车! 联想：forbidden adj.被禁止的，禁止的forbidding adj.难以接近的；可怕的；令人生畏的，令人毛骨悚然的 forbiddingly adv.难以接近地，令人毛骨悚然地 Section II 阅读
4.I HAVE A DREAM我有一个梦 (p.28Reading ‘title’) ★ dream (1) vt.“做梦；梦见”，后面可跟名词或that-clause。I dreamed my grandfather.我梦见过我的祖父。He dreamed that he was flying to the moon.他梦见他正在飞向月球。 注意：当dream表示“梦想到”时，常用于否定句中，后面可接带不定式的复合结构或that-clause(从句通常用将来时)。如：I never dreamed her to go to college.= I never dreamed that she would go to college.我连做梦也没想到她会上大学。 (2) vi.“做梦；梦见；向往”，常用的结构为：dream of + n./ doing sth.。She said that she had dreamed of you.她说她梦见过你。The people all over the world dream of peace.全世界人民向往和平。 (3) n.“梦；心愿；愿望”，为可数名词。Last night I had a good／bad／wonderful／strange dream.昨晚我做了一个好／坏／美／奇怪的梦。His dream has come true.他的愿望实现了。 5.Martin Luther King.Jr gave a speech to thousands of black people who marched on Washington DC.马丁.路德.金给成千上万在华盛顿特区游行的黑人发表了演说。 (P.28 第一段第1－2行) ★on此处作介词，意为“朝向” “向„„方向”，是正式用语。如：① The workers marched on the Capital.工人向国会大厦进发。②Take the first turning on your right.在第一个路口向右拐。③ Fortune smiled on his enterprise.他的企业兴旺发达。④ Ellen is eating，her eyes on her food.海伦吃东西时两眼盯着食物。 【注】on作副词用时，也有“向前”之意。如：① If you walk on, you\'ll come to the church.如果你再向前走，就到教堂了。② If any letters come while you are away, shall I send them on? 如果你不在的时候有信来，我是不是要转寄给你? ③ The two strolled on, arguing.两人辩论着往前溜达。④There\'s no use staying on.继续呆下去没有用。
6.At that time in the southern states, blacks were not treated as equal citizens.那时在南方各州黑人不被当作平等的公民对待。（P.28 第二段 第1－2行）
★ 动词treat与as或like连用，表示“把„„当作„„看待”。如：① They treated me as one of the family.他们把我当家里人看待。②Why do you treat the matter as a joke? 你为什么把这件事当作玩笑呢? ③They treated each other like brothers.他们亲如手足。④ He didn\'t want to be treated as a distinguished guest.他不愿别人把他当上宾对待。⑤ She treated me as if I were a child.她把我当作小孩看待。
▲treat可作“探讨”“处理”“讨论”解。如：① This problem has been treated by many experts.这个问题已有很多专家探讨过了。②The novel treats the subject of justice.这部小说的主题是正义。③ The theme of the play is skillfully treated.这个剧的主题处理得很巧妙。
▲treat亦有“款待”“待客”之意。如：① Let me treat you to a good meal.我请你吃一顿好的吧! ②I think I’ll treat myself to a holiday in Guilin next year.我想明年去桂林好好地度个假。③ He treated his friends to a soda, and they treated him to a movie.他请他的朋友们喝汽水，他们请他看电影。 【注】treat作上述“款待”“待客”解释时，与介词to连用。
▲treat与of连用时，表示“论述”“推论”。如：① The report treats of the progre
of cancer research.该报告论述了对癌症研究的进展情况。② He treats of his subject scientifically.他科学地论述了他的题目。③ This lecture treats of the history of Ireland.这一讲座论述了爱尔兰的历史。
【注】treat还可作“治疗”解释，请参见《1+1同步讲解》高二上册第228页。
7.King fought for political rights for black people in the USA.金为美国黑人的政治权利而战斗。(P.28第三段第1行) ★ fight (1) vt.& vi.打仗、打架、奋斗、战斗 如：Did your father fight in the last war? (fight作不及物动词) 你父亲参加上一次的战斗了吗? If we all fight (against) pollution, we\'ll have a cleaner world (fight作及物动词，不加介词) 如果我们都同污染作斗争，我们将拥有一个更干净的世界。They fought the enemy to the end.他们同敌人战斗到底。
(2) n.战斗、搏斗、拳击赛The police were called in to stop the fight.警察被叫来阻止这场争斗。The fight against pollution goes on.反对污染的斗争在继续。 辨析：fight against，fight with与fight for fight against意为“为反对„„而战”；fight with既可表示“和„作斗争”，相当于fight against，也可表示“和„„并肩作战”；fight for意为“为争取„„而斗争”。如：Who\'ll fight with you for better working conditions? 谁会和你一起为争取更好的工作条件而斗争? The slaves were fighting for their freedom.奴隶们为争取自由而斗争。Two dogs fought for a bone，and a third runs away with it.鹬蚌相争，渔翁得利。They fought against the Japanese during the Anti-Japanese War.在抗日战争期间，他们曾经同日本人打过仗。You should be ready to fight against difficulties.你们应该准备同困难作斗争。The slaves fought against / with the slave owners for their freedom.奴隶们为了争取自由而和奴隶主们进行斗争。England fought with France against Germany in the First World War.在第一次世界大战中，英国和法国一起为反对德国而战。
8.By doing this, he set all example to the rest sections of the world.他以此给世界其他地区树立了榜样。(P.28 第三段 第1－2行) ★ by为介词，表示方式、方法、手法，现将其用法归纳如下：
(1) by + n.(名词前无冠词)。如：by mail / post / fax / radio / telephone / telegraph / telegram...(2) by + doing结构。如：by increasing／speaking／teaching／begging...He earns his living by teaching.他以教书为主。The six blind men made their living by begging.那6个盲人靠要饭为生。
(3) by + n.(表交通路线、工具的名词)。如：by land／road／rail／train／bus／jeep／car／taxi／truck／bike; by sea／water／ship／boat; by air／plane (4) by + n.(表面积、体积等的名词)。如：by area / volume / weight / length / width / height / depth...(5) by + the + n.(表度量衡的名词)。如：by the hour / day / week / month / year / kilogram / yard / metre...In England, sugar is sold by the pound, eggs by the dozen and cloth by the yard.在英国，糖是按磅卖，蛋是按打卖，布是按码卖。
▲by和with都可以用来表示某人如何做某事，但这两个词之间有重要区别：by用于表示动作或方式，后跟动名词或抽象名词；而with 通常表示用的是什么工具或其他具体的东西。试比较： ① I killed the spider by hitting it.我拍死了蜘蛛。(动作) ② I killed the spider with a notebook.我用笔记本把蜘蛛打死了。(工具) ③ He got what he wanted by talking cleverly.他由于说话灵巧而得到了他想要的东西。(动作) ④ He got what he wrested with flowers and chocolates.他靠鲜花和巧克力得到了他想得到的东西。(具体的
东西) ⑤ The street is lighted by electricity.街道用电照明。(方式) ⑥ The street is lighted with lights.街道用电灯照明。(工具) ▲在被动语态的句子中，by表示执行动作的人或东西，with表示所用的工具。试比较下列句子：① Tile bird was killed by a cat.那只吗是被猫弄死的。(猫是动作执行者) ② The bird was killed with a stone.那只鸟是用石头打死的。(未说明执行者) ③ He was killed by a heart stone.(A stone fell and killed him.) 他被一块大石头砸死了。④ He was killed with a heavy stone.(someone used a stone to kill him.) 他是被人用石头砸死的。
★ rest意为“其余的人”或“剩余物”，与定冠词连用，作主语时如代表复数名词，则谓语动词要用复数形式，如代表不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式。如：① These are mine; Robert, the rest are yours.这些是我的，罗伯特，剩下的是你的。② Mary and Beth will go to the movies and the rest of the girls are to go shopping.玛丽和贝思要去看电影，其余的女孩则要去购物。③ One of the books is written in Chinese, and the rest are English.那些书中有一本是中文的，其余都是英文的。④ Only 55 percent of the raw material is canned.The rest is thrown away, or fed to cows.只有55％的原材料做了成罐头，其余的不是扔了就是成了牛的饲料。
9.His meage was that black people should not be separated but should be treated with respect in the same way as other people.他的理想是黑人不应该被分隔开，应该像其他人一样受到尊重。(P.28 第三段 第2－3行) ★本句中的表语从句中的动词用的是虚拟语气，当表示“要求„” “建 议”“命令”这类意义的名词作主语时，其后的名词性从句应该用虚拟语气，动词形式为“should + 动词原形”或直接用动词原形，这类名词常见的有sug- gestion， proposal，demand，request，order，requirement，advice，idea等。如： ① The workers\' requirement was that their working conditions be improved.工人们的要求是他们的工作条件应得到改善。② Our decision is that the school (should) remain closed.我们的决定是学校暂不开学。③ Sophia\'s idea was that they should lock up the home.索菲娅的想法是把大门锁起来。④ Her suggestion was that they carry on their conversation in French.她的建议是他们用法语对话。
【注】上述例句①－④均是表语从句，下面是这类名词后的同位语从句，谓语动词也用\"should+动词原形”或直接用动词原形。⑤ They were faced with the demand that this tax (should) be abolished.他们面对着废除这个税的要求。⑥ They expreed the wish that she (should) accept the award.他们表示希望她接受这笔奖金。⑦ What do you think of the proposal that we (should) put on a play at the English evening? 你觉得要我们在英语晚会上演一个剧的建议怎么样? ⑧ The bo didn\'t accept the workers demand that their pay (should) be raised, so the strike went on.老板没有接受工人们增加工资的要求，所以罢工仍在继续。
★ the same...as...意为“和„„相同的”，在这个结构中，as为关系代词，引导定语从句，在从句中，as可作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时，as也不能省略。如：①This is the same person as we talked about yesterday.这就是我们昨天谈论过的那个人。② Mary wears the same kind of glaes as Helen does.玛丽戴着海伦常戴的那种眼镜。③ You have the same opinion as I have.你的观点和我的观点是一样的。④ He gave the same answer as I did.他给的答案和我的一样。
【注】as还可以和such，so，as连用，构成定语从句。如：① They visited such places as they wanted to.他们游览了想要游览的地方。② Such books as you have ale sold out.你有的那种书已卖完了。③ Let\'s discu only such questions as we are all interested in.让我们只讨论我们感兴趣的问题。④ I felt a weight at my heart such as I had never had before.我感到心中有一种从未有过的沉重。⑤ Here is so heavy a stone as no one call remove.这里有一块重得没有人能移动的石头。⑥ The picture was so beautiful as drew many
people\'s attention.这幅画太美了，吸引了很多人的注意力。⑦ Have you ever seen such beautiful gold fish as I bought yesterday? 你可曾见过像我昨天买的一样美的金鱼吗? ⑧ You will see as many children as come.你将见到所有到来的孩子们。
【注】除了和上述the same，such，so等搭配引导定语从句外，as也可以引起定语从句，这时，关系代词as常常代表主句的整个意思或部分意思。如：① He must be an Asian, as we can see from his looks.他肯定是亚洲人，这一点我们可以从他的外表看出来。② The football game was very exciting, as we had expected.正如我们所料，足球赛非常令人激动。③ As is known to all, China is a developing country.众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。④ He didn\'t lose heart, as could be judged from his expreion.他没有失去信心，这从他的表情中可以看出。⑤ Lincoln was killed in a theatre by an actor, as is described in this book.正如这本书所描写的，林肯是在一家剧院里被一个演员谋杀的。
【注】as作为关系代词代表前面主句的意思，和which代表主句的意思很相似，但as有“正如”的涵义，而which没有。
10....where black people had equal rights and were free to live, study and work as they wished.那儿的黑人享有同等的权利，能自由地按自己的意愿生活、学习和工作。(P.28 第四段 第3行) ★ be free to do sth.意为“自由自在、不受拘束地做某事”。如：① You are free to go or stay as you please.去或留随你的便。② Everyone is free to expre himself.每个人都可以畅所欲言。③ She is not free to marry because she has to look after her parents.她不能结婚，因为她必须照顾双亲。④ She felt free when she left home and moved to the city.他离开家乡到城市后感到无拘无束。⑤ The prisoner will be set free next week.那个囚犯在下周释放。
【注】free还可解释为“免费的”，相当于without payment of any kind，cost nothing。如：① \"Are the drinks free?\" \"No, you have to pay for them.\" “这些饮料是不是免费的?”“不，你必须付钱。” ② Anyone who buys this breakfast food gets a free gift of a small plastics toy.购买这份早餐食物的人都可得到一件免费的塑料玩具。③ This is a free ticket for the concert.这是一种免费的音乐会入场券。
【注】free还可作“空闲的”“未被利用的”解。如：① \"Is this seat free?\" \"Yes, no one is using it.\"“这座位没人坐吗?”“是的，没人坐。” ② She picked it up with her free hand.她用闲着的那只手把它捡起来。③ The doctor will be free in ten minutes.Can you wait that long? 医生十分钟后有空，你能等一下吗? 【注】 free from／of意为“不受„影响的”。如：① The old lady is never free from／of pain.那位老太太从未摆脱过病痛。② She was free from all blame for the accident.那次事故完全不能怪她。
【注】free还可作副词用，意为“自由地”“免费地”“松动地”。如：① Don\'t let the dog ran free on the main road.别让那条狗在大街上随便乱跑。② Babies are allowed to travel free on buses.婴儿可免费乘公共汽车。③ Two of the screws in this old wooden door have worked themselves free.那扇旧木门上的两颗螺丝钉松动了。 【注】free还可作动词用，意为“使自由”“免除”“解放”“使松动”。如：① The little boy freed the bird from its cage.那小男孩把笼子里的鸟放了。② I need to go out.Can you free me for an hour? 我需要出去一下，你能让我离开一小时吗? ③ At last he freed himself from debt.他终于还清了债务。
【注】 freely也是副词，但与free作副词时解释不同。freely意为“主动地„”“慷慨地”“坦率地”“自由地”。如：① I freely admit that what I said just now was wrong.我主动承认刚才我说的话错了。② He gives his time freely to help the school.他用自己的大量时间来为学校办事。③ You can speak quite freely in front of me.I shan\'t tell
anyone what you say.你有话可坦率地对我说，我不会告诉任何人。
★ wish v.& n.希望；意愿
(1) wish用作及物动词，后可接不定式短语、不定式复合结构、双宾语及宾语从句。如：We wish to visit the Great Wall one day.我们渴望有一天去长城参观。I wish you to finish your homework on time.我希望你能按时完成作业。I wish you succe.祝你成功。 (2) 当wish后跟that引导的宾语从句时，从句要用虚拟语气。如：① 在宾语从句中，表示现在不可能实现的愿望时，谓语动词用过去式(动词be的过去式用were)。② 表示过去未能实现的愿望时，谓语动词用过去完成式。③ 表示与将来事实可能相反的愿望时，谓语动词一般用\"would／could+动词原形”。如：I wish it were spring all the year round.(= But in fact it is not spring all the year round.) 要是一年到头都是春天该多好啊。I wish I had your addre.(= I\'m sorry don\'t have your addre.) 很遗憾我没有你的地址。She wishes she had been here last week.(=But in fact she wasn\'t here last week.)她想，要是她上星期在这里就好了。I wish they would come again tomorrow.(= But in fact they will not come again tomorrow.) 我但愿他们明天会再来。
(3)当wish用作不及物动词时，常与介词for搭配。如：All of us wish for happine.我们都渴望幸福。
比较：hope表希望时所接从句用陈述语气，表示可能实现的愿望。试区别：I hope that it is true.我希望这事是真的。I wish that it were true.这事要是真的就好了。 11.All his life he believed that it was right and neceary to demand changes in society if people did not have their civil rights.金一生都认为，如果老百姓没有民权的话，他们就应改而且必须要求进行社会改革。(P.28 第四段 第3－4行) ★ demand (1) vt.& n.需要，需求 = to ask for sth.；需要，需求 = to require, need；后面可跟名词，代词，不定式或从句。
注意：demand后接从句时，从句应用虚拟语气，即 (should) + 动词原形。例：The workers are demanding better pay.工人们要求提高工资。I demand that John (should) go there at once.我要求约翰立即去那儿。This sort of work demands great patience.这种工作需要极大的耐心。 (2) n.多用作可数名词，表示“要求、请求、需求、需要”。如：It\'s impoible to satisfy all your demands.满足你所有的要求是不可能的。The workers\' demands for high pay were refused by employers.工人们想提高工资的要求遭到雇主们的拒绝。
辨析：demand，ask，beg与require 这四个动词均表示“要求”。
ask通常表示在感到其要求可能能得到满足的情况下提出要求；beg表示一再恳切地提出要求；demand表示以强硬、断然的口吻提出要求；require表示有需要或有权力提出要求。如：She asked me to wake her at five.她要我5点叫醒她。She begged not to be left at home.她恳求不要把她留在家里。She demanded an answer of me.她要求我给予答复。She required every man here to wear a tie.她要求这里每个男人都戴领带。
拓展：in demand非常需要的、受欢迎的；on demand一经要求 如：These silk goods are not much in demand.这些丝织品没有多少销路。Paengers must show their tickets on demand.查票时，旅客需出示车票。
12.King led a boycott of the bus company.金领导黑人对公交公司进行了联合抵制。(P.28 第五段 第2－3行) ★ lead (1) vt.领导、带领、引导 常用的结构为：lead sb.to some place和lead sb.in doing sth.。如：He led us to a room upstairs.他把我们领到楼上的一个房间里。
(2) vi.通向、导致 常用词组为lead to。如：All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗
马。Carelene leads to failure.粗心导致失败。
(3) vt.过(某种生活)。如：We are leading a happy life.我们正过着幸福生活。 拓展：led by...在„„的领导下；under the leadership of sb.或under sb.\'s leadership 在某人的领导下。如：Led by the Party, we have had great changes in our hometown.在党的领导下，我们的家乡发生了巨大的变化。
(4) n.[U] 领先、带头。gain／have the lead in the race 在赛跑中领先; take the lead 带头; with him in the lead 在他的带动下
13.He led many non-violent demonstrations against the racial discrimination and the Vietnam War, „ 他领导了许多次反种族歧视和反对越南战争的非暴力示威游行。 (P.28 第五段 第5－6行) ★ against (1) 反对，逆 He swam against the stream.他逆流游泳。They sailed against the wind.他们顶着风航行。
(2)撞击；碰着 He hit against a tree.他撞在一棵树上。Rain beats against the window.雨打在窗户上。
(3)紧靠，倚在 A piano stood against the wall.靠墙放着一架钢琴。He put the ladder against the wall.他把梯子靠在墙上。
(4) 以„„为背景，与„„对比 The picture looks good against that light wall.在浅色墙壁的衬托下，这幅画很好看。A ship appeared against the sky.一艘船出现在天边。 (5)防备He saved money against old age.他攒钱防老。Squirrels store up food against winter.松鼠贮藏食物以备过冬。
拓展：be against 表示“反对”，其同义词组是object to，反义词是be for，be in favour of，support。如：I knew she was against us.我知道她反对我们。Are you against or for the plan? 你是反对这个计划还是赞成这个计划? 14.Martin Luther King Jr.was murdered in 1968.马丁·路德·金于一九六八年被谋杀。(P.28 第八段 第1行) ★ murder意为“谋杀”“凶杀”，既可以作动词，也可以作名词，作名词时意为“凶杀案”，是可数名词。如：① There\'s something about the murder in today\'s news- paper.今天的报纸上刊登了这个谋杀案的一些情况。② Police ale still looking for the murder weapon.警察们仍在寻找谋杀用的凶器。③ There happened two murders this month in the town.这个镇上本月发生了两起凶杀案。④ One day, a man was murdered in the street.有一天，一个人在街上被谋杀了。
【注】请注意murder与kill的区别，kill是个普通的词，意为“造成 (任何生物)死亡”，其主语可以是人，也可以是物或大自然；而murder的意思是“谋杀”，是有目的、有预谋的行为。试比较：① My uncle was killed in a plane crash.我叔父在飞机失事中遇难。② The cold weather killed our tomato plants.寒冷的天气冻坏了我们种的西红柿。③ She was sent to prison for murdering her husband.她因谋杀丈夫而被关进监狱。
▲murder还可作“因缺乏技术或知识而损毁”解。如：① He murdered a piece of music.他把一支曲子演奏得不成样子。② Do you ever murder the English language? 你有没有胡乱使用英语? ③ It\'s a beautiful song, but they murdered it.这首歌很动听，但他们唱砸了。
【注】murder在非正式用法中，可解释为“极艰难的事”。如：① At last I repaired the clock, but it was murder getting the pieces back in.我终于把钟修好了，但把所有的零件重新装好，可真是一件艰难的事。
15.If you were asked to move paragraph 1 to another place in the reading paage, where would it best fit in.如果要求你把第一段移到文章的另一个地方，你认为哪里最合
适。(P.29 Post-Reading No.2) ★ fit in意为“(使)适合”“配合”，常与with连用。如：① I\'ve filled the box, and all the books fit in nicely.我已装好了箱子，所有的书都放下了。② The home fits in beautifully with its surroundings.这房子同它周围的环境非常协调。 ③ Your ideas fit in with mine.你的想法跟我一样。④She joined the club but didn\'t seemed to fit in，so she left.她参加了那俱乐部，但不适应，所以退出了。⑤ The piece of evidence does not fit in with that of the other witne.这一证据同另一证人提供的不一致。
▲fit in可作“安排时间或地方”解。如：①I\'m sure you can fit me in somewhere.我相信你能找个地方安排我。② Sorry, I can\'t fit in any more callers this morning.对不起，今天上午我不能再接待更多的来访者了。③ I think one can fit in an additional room behind the kitchen.我想我们可以在厨房后面辟出一间房间。 Section III 词汇、语法、综合技能
16.He is known as a freedom fighter for equal rights of black people in America.他被认为是为了美国黑人平等权利而斗争的自由斗士。(P.30 Grammar EX.1 Example ) ★ be well-known for，be well-known as及famous的异同 ▲be well known for和be well known as都有“以„„而著称”之意，但前者表示主语以某一方面著称，而后者则意为主语作为一个整体以什么著称。请阅读下面例句，体会其中的差别：① Martin Luther King was well-known for fighting for equal rights for blacks.马丁·路德金以为黑人的平等权利战斗而著称。② Martin Luther King was well-known as a freedom fighter.马丁·路德金以一名自由战士而著称。③ Beijing is well-known for the Great Wall, the Summer Palace and some other places of interest.北京因长城、颐和园和其他名胜著称。④Beijing is well-known as a beautiful city.北京以一个美丽的城市而著称。⑤ Lu Xun was well-known for his eays.鲁迅以他的杂文著称。 ⑥ Lu Xun was well-known as a great writer and thinker.鲁迅作为一个伟大的作家和思想家而著称。
【注】well-known的近义词是famous。famous是个普通词，使用最广泛，多用于褒义。侧重好名声，语义比well-known强；读上面的几个例句中well-known可用famous替代。well-known通常与名声好坏无关，也表示“广为人知”。下面的句子中，well-known不能用famous替代。如：① It is well-known that bamboo shoot is a panda\'s main food.众所周知竹笋是熊猫的主食。② It\'s a well-known fact that smoking can cause lung cancer.吸烟可导致肺癌，这是众所周知的事实。
17.Freedom fighters can be found everywhere, and they are of all times.只有战士到处都有，他们属于所有时代。(P.30 第一段 第1行) ★ 再谈\"be + of + 名词”： 关于\"be + of + 名词”，我们在高二上册已作过分析，这里我们从另一角度来阐述一下。介词of在这里表人或物的特征，这是of的一种最常见的用法，只不过在这里是用在be动词之后作表语。构成了我们所要谈的这个结构，而在其他情况下，多用在名词后作定语，也表示人或物的特征。如：① The work I am doing is of much value.我做的工作很有价值。(表语) ② This is the work of much value.这是一件很有价值的工作。(定语) ③ They were both of middle height.他们两人都是中等身材。(表语) ④ Tom\'s father is a man of middle height.汤姆的父亲是中等身材。(定语) ⑤ The manager is of the same opinion.经理也持同样看法。(表语) ⑥ He is a man of progreive views.他是个有进步观点的男子。(定语) ⑦ That\'s one true act of friendship.这是一个真正的友好行动。(定语) ⑧ The act is of true friendship.这个行动是真正友好的。(表语) ★ time 1) n.常用复数。时代，时期，有时特指某些艰苦的时期。in modern times是一个固定词组，意思是“在现代／近代”。time在指“时代”时常用复数。如：The times are different now。but he still lives in the past.时代不同了，但他仍生活在过去。In ancient times,
man lived on wild plants and wild beasts.古代的人们靠野果和野兽生存。Some people were lucky to have lived through the hard times of the war.有些幸运的人从艰难的战争年代熬了过来。Country music is one of the most popular music in modern times.乡村音乐是当今最流行的音乐之一。
2) n.次数，常以词组的形式出现
(1)at a time 每次、一次 You can borrow two books at a time.每次你可以借两本书。 (2) at one time 曾经、一度、过去某个时期 At one time we met frequently.有一个时期我们常常见面。
(3) at any time任何时候、随时 You may drop in at any time.欢迎您随时光临。
(4) at no time决不、在任何时候都不 At no time will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.中国在任何时候都不首先使用核武器。 注意：at no time位于句首时，句子常倒装。
(5) at the same time 同时、尽管如此The two visitors arrived at the same time.两位来访者同时到达。
(6) at times 有时、间或I do feel a little nervous at times．有时，我的确感到有点儿紧张。 (7) after a time 过了一段时间，过一会儿。常与非延续性动词的一般过去时连用。After a time she came back with a basket in her hand.过了一会儿，她手里提着一个篮子回来了。 (8) behind time 在原定时间以后，迟到 The train is ten minutes behind time.火车晚点10分钟。 (9) for a time一段时间、一会儿、暂时、一度。常与延续性动词连用。He rested for a time and went on with his work.他休息了一会儿，又继续工作了。
(10) from time to time 不时地，有时Even though the Smiths have moved, we still see them from time to time.虽然史密斯一家已经搬走，我们仍然时常见到他们。
(11) time and time again = time after time 多次、反复Thousands of people have proved it time and time again.成千上万的人反复证明了这一点。
(12) in time 及时、迟早We were just in time to catch the bus.我们正好赶上那班公共汽车。
(13) on time准时、按时He seldom goes to work on time.他很少按时上班。 (14) in no time立刻、很快 I’ll be back in no time.我很快就回来。
(15) at all times 无论何时、一直We should at all times be aware of our own shortcomings.我们应该时时清楚地看到我们自己的短处。 (16) in time of...在„„时候These ants act as guards and soldiers in time of trouble.这些蚂蚁在遇到麻烦的时候就担当警卫和士兵。 (17) in one\'s spare time 在某人的业余时间里He often goes swimming in his spare time.业余时间，他经常去游泳。
(18) all the time 一直、始终They were there all the time.他们自始至终都在那儿。 (19) have a good time 玩得很高兴He had a good time during the holidays.他假期过得很愉快。
(20) take one\'s time 不着急、慢慢来Take your time, don\'t work too hard.别着急，不要太辛苦了。
18.From the late 18th to well into the 19th century different groups of people struggled for their rights.从十八世纪后期到进入十九世纪，很多不同的人们为他们的权利而斗争。(P.30 第二段 第1－2行) ★ well此处为副词，表示程度常用来修饰介词短语。如：① He\'s well past forty.他已四十好几了。② The necklace is worth well over a thousand dollars.这条项链的价钱远
远超过一千美金。③ The students of the senior high school numbered well over five thousand 这所高中的学生大大超过五千人。④ It\'s well past six o\'clock.Let\'s hurry.六点多了。快点吧。
【注】well表示程度时，也可修饰部分形容词或副词。如：① He\'s well advanced in his years.他年纪相当大了。 ⑥ They were well down in front.他们坐得很靠前。⑦ The wheat is well forward now.小麦已经长得相当高了。 ⑧ The film is well worth seeing.这电影很值得一看。 ★ struggle (1) n.[C]挣扎，努力，搏斗Each age has its own struggle for rights.每个时期都会为争得权力而努力。Don\'t give up without a struggle.不要未经努力就放弃。
(2) vi.挣扎着进行，艰苦进行We struggled through the crowd.我们在人群中挣扎前进。 拓展：struggle for 为„„而挣扎，努力; struggle with／against 为反对„„而挣扎，搏斗
★ right (1) n.权利；正确性。在表示“做某事的权利”时，常用作可数名词；在表示“正义，正确性”时，常用作不可数名词。如：Everyone has a right to speak out his mind.大家都有权利把自己的想法讲出来。Dr King fought for the human rights of the blacks.金博士为争取黑人的人权而斗争。He is too young to tell right from wrong.他太年轻，还无法区别正确与错误。
(2) right作“正确”讲时，其反义词为\"wrong\"；作“右边”讲时，其反义词为\"left\"。 19.These struggles started with the ideas of the French Revolution and the American War of Independence.这些斗争起源于法国大革命和美国独立战争的理想。(P.30 第二段 第2行) ★start with意为“以„开始”“从„善手”“开头有”。如：① Our group had five members to start with.我们小组开始时有五个人。② His illne started with a slight cough.他的病开始时只是轻微的咳嗽。③ We\'ll now hear the students read their poems, starting with Tom.我们现在听学生们朗读诗歌，从汤姆开始。④ Westerners start the meal with soup.西方人吃饭先喝汤。
【注】start with可作“开始时”“首先”解释，这时常作插入语。如：①You have no right to raise this question, to start with.首先，你们无权提这个问题。②Our difficulties are many; to start with, we can\'t get the workers.我们有许多困难，首先是找不到工人。③To start with, the day was fine, but then it turned showery.开始时天气很好，可是后来下起雨来了。
【注】to start with也可作状语。如：① They paid him only five dollars a week to start with.开始时，他们每周只给他五美金的工资。② We had no blueprints and no material to start with.开始时，我们没有图纸没有材料。 ③The school bought a big basket of seeds for us to start with.学校先给我们买了一大篮子的种子。
20.There were famous books about the rights of man and later the rights of woman.有很多著名的书籍讨论人权，以及后来的女权的问题。(P.30 第二段 第3行) ▲later (1) adj.较迟的，较后的 (↔ earlier) Let\'s take a later train.我们搭晚一点的火车吧。
(2) adv.较迟地，较后地 (↔ earlier) He came later than usual.他比平常来得晚。See you later.回头见，再见。
辨析：late，later，lately与latest
late adj.& adv.迟到的，晚的；later是late的比较级形式，意思为“稍后，后来，在
某事之后”。lately adv.相当于recently；表示“最近，没多长时间”等。latest是late的最高级，意为“最近的，最新的”等。例：He often goes to bed late and gets up late.他总是晚睡晚起。That happened in the late 1870s.这事发生在19世纪70年代末。He returned three days later than expected.他比原来预料的晚回来了3天。What did the latest news say? 最新消息是怎么说的? I haven\'t heard of him lately.What\'s happened? 最近没听到他的消息，不知怎么回事? 21.In the nineteenth century, women all over the world, st6arted asking for equal rights.在19世纪，全世界的妇女开始要求平等权利了。(P.31 第二段 第5行) ★ ask for的意思和用法
(1) ask for在此处作“要求得到”“需要”解。如：① He asked for time to think all this over.他要求给他点时间，把这一切仔细想一想。② The employees asked for an increase in their pay.员工们要求提高工资。③ Everything that was asked for has now been sent.所要的东西现在全送去了。④ If you get into difficulties, don\'t hesitate to ask for advice.你要是碰到困难，赶紧向人求教。
(2) ask for有“求见”“找(某)人”之意。如：① Mr Smith, a lady is asking for you at the door.史密斯先生，门口有位女士要找您。② Has anyone asked for me during my absence? 我不在时有人找过我吗? ③ He is not the man you are asking for.他不是你要找的人。④Just now someone asked for you on the phone.刚才有人打电话找你。
(3) ask sb.for sth.有“向某人要某物”之意。如：① Why don\'t you go and ask her for help? 你为何不去找她帮忙? ② They asked us for our impreions of the fair.他们要我们谈谈对交易会的印象。
22.What all these groups have in common is that they ask to be treated with respect, „ 所有这些群体的共同要求是受到尊重，„ (P.31 第三段 第4行) ★ in common意为“共用„‘共有„‘共同”(如要表示“与„„共有(用)”，后接介词with等)。如：① Freedom fighters in history had something in common, that is they fought for freedom of most people, not few.历史上的自由战士有共同点，那就是他们为大多数人的自由而斗争，不是为少数人。② The swimming pool is used in common by all the children in the town.这个游泳池供镇上所有的孩子共同使用。③ To my surprise, I found I had a lot in common with this stranger.令我惊讶的是，我发现我与这陌生人有很多相似之处。④ Their methods have a lot in common.他们的方法有很多相似之处。⑤ He had little in common with his little sister.他与妹妹没有多少共同之处。⑥ In common with most Italian lakes, acce to the shores of Orta is restricted.和大多数的意大利湖一样，进入奥培湖泊受到限制。⑦ In common with most people, he prefers claical music to pop music.和大多数人一样，他喜欢古典音乐，不喜欢流行音乐。
23.But in the twentieth century organizations were formed to give voice to groups that do not have a voice to speak for themselves.但是在20世纪成立了一些组织为那些无法出声说话的群体代言。(P.31 第四段 第3行) ★ give voice to意为“提出(意见)”“吐露(感情)”。如：① Only Jack dared to give voice to his discontent.只有杰克敢于表达他的不满。② He gave voice to his anger in his letter to me.他在给我的信中表达了他的愤怒。 【注】有关voice的词组很多，常见的有： raise one\'s voice放大声音讲话， with one voice异口同声地，
at the top of one\'s voice高声地，
lose one\'s voice发不出声音，
keep one\'s voice down说话声要小一点等等。
如：① I don\'t want to have to raise my voice to you again.我不想再对你大声嚷嚷。② Keep your voice down, and don\'t wake up the sleeping child.声音小一点，不要吵醒熟睡的小孩。③ With one voice, they agreed to go on strike.他们一致同意继续罢工。④ He gave leons at the top of his voice.他放开嗓门讲课。⑤ I\'ve got a bad cold, and I\'ve lost my voice.我得了重感冒，嗓子都发不出声来了。 24.at first sight 乍一看, 初见之下 (P.32 Tips 第一点) At first sight their demands seemed reasonable.乍看之下，他们的要求似乎是合理的。 拓展：与sight相关的常见短语：
(1) lose one\'s sight失去视力；丧失视力The poor boy lost his sight at the age of five.这个可怜的男孩5岁时就失去了视力。
(2) catch sight of (突然)看见 I was walking along the country road when I caught sight of a fox catching a cock in its mouth.我正在乡间小路上走着，突然看见一只狐狸嘴里叼着一只公鸡。
(3) lose sight of 看不见 We lost sight of the birds, for they flew high above the sky.我们看不见那些鸟了，因为它们在天空中飞得很高。
(4) in／within sight在视野之内；看得见We looked to the south and the train was in／within sight.我们向南望去，看见了那列火车。 (5) out of sight 在视野之外，看不见He stood at the airport and looked until the plane was out of sight in the sky.他站在机场上看着，直到飞机消失在空中。
(6) have good／bad／poor sight视力好，视力不好 have near／short sight患近视; I have good sight.我视力很好。
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