北京颐和园英文导游词
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The Summer Palace
The Summer Palace was used as a holiday garden in the summer for the emperors and their families.It is 10km on the northwestern of BJ.This resort was famous from Jin Dynasty(1115-1234 AD).Here you will see a piece of the style of Chinese claic garden which is best known in south of China.The whole garden is 290 hectars including a large lake and mountains.
Situated in western outskirts of Beijing， the Summer Palace is 10 kilometers from the central city.It is China\'s leading claical garden which enjoys a worldwide reputation.The Summer Palace was opened to the public in 1924 and included in the UNESCO world heritage list in 1998.A whole day is needed to view it in detail.
The Summer Palace was first built in 1153 and served as an imperial [im\'piəriəl palace for short stays away from the capital.Empre Dowager Ci Xi rebuilt it in 1888 with a large sum of money which had been appropriated to build a Chinese navy.
The two main elements of the garden are Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake.Kunming Lake， with an exquisite精细的 building in the middle， takes up three quarters of the garden\'s 290 hectares.The garden consists of three parts： the political activity area， the empre\'s living quarter and the scenic area which separately centers on the Hall of Benevolence [bi\'nevələns and Longevity（1）， the Hall of Jade Ripples（2） and the Hall of Happine and Longevity（3）， and Longevity Hill（4） and Kunming Lake.The groups of buildings， hills and lakes， together with the background of West Hills， give an ever changing scene.The buildings on the southern slope of Longevity Hill are characteristic of the garden.Cloud-Dispelling Hall， the Pavilion of the Buddhist Incense（5） and the Wisdom Sea（6） on the axis line are flanked在左右两边by the Wheel Hall， Wufang Pavilion and Baoyun Pavilion and are major attractions.The Pavilion of the Buddhist Incense is 41 meters high and stands on a 20-meter-high terrace平台.At the foot of Longevity Hill is the 728-meter-long paageway which links the three areas together.The paageway is famous for its paintings and at its western end is a 36-meter-long Marble Boat（7）.
The bridges of the western causeway西堤 of Kunming Lake are replicas [\'replikə] 复制品of the bridges of famous Su and Bai causeways on West Lake in Hangzhou.The marble大理石的 Seventeen-Arch Bridge which spans跨度the Eastern Causeway to South Lake Island has balusters topped by 540 carved lions in different poses.
Back Lake at the northern foot of Longevity Hill is natural and peaceful.On its bank is Suzhou Street， a replica of a commercial street in the old days.At the
northeastern corner of the garden there is the Garden of Harmonious Interest which imitates the famous Jichang Garden（8） in Wuxi， Jiangsu Province.Diminutive and elegant， it is known as a garden within a garden..
Notes：
1.the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity
仁寿殿
2.the Hall of Jade Ripples
玉澜堂
3.the Hall of Happine and Longevity
乐寿堂
4.the Longevity Hill
万寿山
5.the Pavilion of the Buddhist Incense
佛香阁
6.the Wisdom Sea
智慧海
7.the Marble Boat
石舫
8.Jichang Garden
寄畅园
Situated in the western outskirts of Haidian District, the Summer Palace is 15 kilometers (9.3 miles) from central Beijing.Having the largest royal[\'rɔiəl] park and being well preserved保藏的, it was designated[\'deziɡ,neitid] 指定的, in 1960 by the State Council国务院, as a Key Cultural Relics Protection Site of China.Containing examples of the ancient arts, it also has graceful landscapes and magnificent constructions.The Summer Palace is the archetypal[,a:ki\'taipl] 原型的 Chinese garden, and is ranked排名；归类于 amongst the most noted著名的 and claical gardens of the world.In 1998, it was listed as one of the World Heritage Sites by UNESCO.Constructed in the Jin Dynasty\'dainəsti] (1115-1234), during the succeeding随后的，以后的 reign[rein] 统治 of feudal[\'fju:dl] 封建制度的 emperors; it was extended continuously.By the time of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), it had become a luxurious[lʌk\'zjuəriəs, -\'ʒuə-] royal garden providing royal families with rest and entertainment.Originally called \"Qingyi Garden\" (Garden of Clear Ripples涟漪), it was know as one of the famous \"three hills and five gardens\" (Longevity Hill, Jade玉制的 Spring Mountain, and Fragrant [\'freiɡrənt] Hill; Garden of Clear Ripples, Garden of Everlasting Spring畅春园？, Garden of Perfection and Brightne圆明园, Garden of Tranquility静明园 and Brightne, and Garden of Tranquility and Pleasure静宜园).Like most of the gardens of Beijing, it could not elude逃避 the rampages* of the Anglo-French英法的 allied [\'ælaid联合的force and was destroyed by fire.In 1888, Empre Dowager [\'dauədʒə] Cixi embezzled [im\'bezl挪用navy funds to reconstruct it for her own benefit, changing its name to Summer Palace (Yiheyuan).She spent most of her later years there, dealing with state affairs and entertaining.In 1900, it suffered again,
being ransacked洗劫by the Eight-Power Allied Force.After the succe of the 1911 Revolution, it was opened to the public.Composed mainly of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake, The Summer Palace occupies an area of 294 hectares (726.5 acres [\'eikəs] 英亩), three quarters of which is water.Guided by nature, artists designed the gardens exquisitely [ek\'skwizitli] 精巧地so that visitors would see marvelous [\'mɑ:viləs] 非凡的views and be amazed by perfect examples of refined精致的 craftwork工艺 using the finest materials.Centered on the Tower of Buddhist [\'budist] 佛教的Incense香 (Foxiangge) the Summer Palace consists of over 3,000 structures including pavilions [pə\'viljən] 楼阁, towers, bridges, and corridors [\'kɔridɔ:.The Summer Palace can be divided into four parts: the court area, front-hill area, front-lake area, and rear后面-hill and back-lake area.Front-Hill Area: this area is the most magnificent area in the Summer Palace with the most constructions.Its layout布局 is quite distinctive because of the central axis from the yard of Kunming Lake to the hilltop, on which important buildings are positioned including Gate of Dispelling驱散 Clouds, Hall of Dispelling Clouds, Hall of Moral Glory德辉殿, Tower of Buddhist Incense, the Hall of the Sea of Wisdom, etc.Rear-Hill and Back-Lake Area: although the constructions are fewer here, it has a unique landscape, with dense green trees, and winding [\'waindiŋ] paths曲径.Visitors can feel a rare tranquility, and elegance.This area includes scenic spots such as Garden of Harmonious Interest and Suzhou Market Street.Court Area: this is where Empre Dowager [\'dauədʒə] Cixi and Emperor Guangxu met officials, conducted state affairs and rested.Entering the East Palace Gate, visitors may see the main palace buildings: the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity仁寿殿 served as the office of the Emperor, the Hall of Jade Ripples where Guangxu lived, the Hall of Joyful Longevity乐寿堂, Cixi„s residence, the Hall of Virtue [\'və:tju:] and Harmony德和园 where Cixi was entertained.Front Lake Area: covering a larger part of the Summer Palace, opens up the vista of the lake.A breeze fluttering, waves gleam and willows ki the ripples of the vast water.In this comfortable area there are the Eastern and Western Banks, the Seventeen-Arch
Bridge, Nanhu Island, and so on.On the western bank float six distinct bridges amongst which the Jade-Belt Bridge is the most beautiful.颐和园
颐和园是我国现存最完好、规模最宏大的古代园林。位于北京市海淀区境内，距**20余公里，占地290公顷。
颐和园原为封建帝王的行宫和花园，远在金贞元元年 （1153年）即在这里修建“西山八院”之一的“金山行宫”。明弘治七年（1494年）修建了园静寺，后皇室在此建成好山园。1664年清廷定都北京后，又将好山园更名为“瓮山行宫”。清乾隆年间，经过15年的修建工程，将该园改名为“清漪圆”。此时的清漪园，北自文昌阁至西宫门筑有围墙，东、南、西三面以昆明湖水为屏障，园内修建了许多亭台楼阁，桥廊斋榭，山清水秀，富丽堂皇。咸丰十年（1860年），英法联军疯狂抢劫并焚烧了园内大部分建筑，除宝云阁（俗称“铜亭”）智慧海、多宝 琉璃塔幸存外，珍宝被洗劫一空，建筑夷为一片废墟。光绪十四年（1888年）慈待太后挪用海军经费3000万两白银，在清漪园的废墟上兴建起颐和园。光绪二十六年（1900年）颐和园又遭八国联军的野蛮破坏，后慈禧又动用巨款重新修复。数百年来，这里一直是封建帝王、皇室的享乐之地，解放辟为公园。1961年国务院公布颐和园为全国重点文物保护单位。
颐和园包括万寿山、昆明湖两大部分，园内山水秀美，建筑宏伟。全园有各式建筑3000余间，园内布局可分为政治、生活、游览三个区域。政治活动区，以仁寿段为中心，是过去慈禧太后和光绪皇帝办理朝事、会见朝臣、使节的地方。生活居住区，以玉澜堂、宜芸馆、乐寿堂为主体，是慈禧、光绪及后妃居住之地。风景游览区，以万寿山前山、后山、后湖、昆明湖为主， 是全园的主要组成部分。
在世界古典园林中享有盛誉的颐和园，布局和谐，浑然一体。在高60米的万寿山前山的中央，纵向自低而高排列着排 云门、排云股、德辉殿、佛香阁、智慧海等一组建筑，依山而立， 步步高升，气派宏伟。以高大的佛香阁为主体，形成了全园的中心线。沿昆明湖北岸横向而建的长廊，长728米，共273间， 像一条彩带横跨于万寿山前，连结着东面前山建筑群。长廊中有精美柁画 14000多幅，素有“画廊”之美称。位于颐和园东北角，万寿山东麓的谐趣园，具有浓重的江南园林特色，被誉为 “园中之园”。
占全园总面积四分之三的昆明湖，湖水清澈碧绿，景色宜人。在广阔的湖面上，有三个小岛点缀，其主要景物是西堤、西堤六桥、东堤、南湖岛、十七孔桥等。湖岸建有廓如亭、知春亭、凤凰墩等秀美建筑，其中位于湖西北岸的清晏舫（石访）中西合璧，精巧华丽，是园中著名的水上建筑。后山后湖，林茂竹青，景色幽雅，到处是松林曲径，小桥流水，风格与前山迥然不同。山脚下的苏州河，曲折蜿蜒，时狭时阔，颇具江南特色。在岸边的树丛中建有多宝琉璃塔。后山还有一座仿西藏建筑——香岩宗印之阁，造型奇特。苏州街原为宫内的民间买卖街，现已修复并向游人开放。拥山抱水，绚丽多姿的颐和园，体现了我国造园艺术的高超水平。
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北京颐和园英文导游词
The tour will take 4-6 hours.The route is as follows:
Out side the East Gate-side the East Gate –in front of the Hall of benevolence and Longevity- in front of Garden of Virtuous Harmony-in front of the Grand Theater Building- a lakeside walk from the Garden of Virtuous Harmony to the Hall o Jade Ripples- in front of the o Jade Ripples- in front of the Yiyunguan (Chamber of Mortal Being)-Hall of happine and longevity- in front of the Yaoyue (Chamber of Mortal Beings)-Hall of Happine and Longevity-in front of the Yaoyue(Inviting the Moon ) Gate of the Long Corridor- strolling along the Long Corridor- visiting an exhibition of cultural relics- in front of the Hall of Dispelling Clouds- inside the Hall of Dispelling Clouds- atop the Tower of Buddhist Incense- on a hilltop leading from the back door of the Tower of Buddhist Incense- on a hilltop leading from the back door of the Tower of Buddhist Incense- inside the Garden of Harmonious Interest –outside the south gate to Suzhou Shopping Street- atop the stone bridge inside the Suzhou shopping street –on the road from the south gate of suzhou shopping street- on the road form the south gate of suzhou shopping street to the marble boat- in fro
nt of the ruins of the Garden of complete spring –along the lakeside by the marble boat-boating on the Kunming Lake-leaving out through the East Gate.
(Out side the east gate)
Ladies and Gentlemen: Welcome to the Summer Palace.(After the self-introduction of the guide -interpreter) I hope this will be an interesting and enjoyable day for you .
During our tour, you will be introduced to time honored historical and cultural traditions, as well as picturesque views and landscapes.
The construction of the Summer Palace first started in 1750.At that time, the Qing Dynasty was in its heyday and China was a powerful Asian country with vast territories.The monarch in power then was Emperor Qianlong.With supreme power and large sums of money, he summoned skillful and ingenious artisans from all over the country to carry out this construction work in honor of his mother `s birthday.After 15 years and one seventh of the nation` s annual revenue spent, the Garden of Clear Ripples was completed and served as a testimony to China` s scientific and technological achievements.In 1860, this vast royal garden was burnt down along with the Yuanming Yuan (Garden of Perfection and Brightne) by Angol-French allied forces.In 1888, Empre Dowager Cixi reconstructed the garden on the same site and renamed it the Garden of Nurtured Harmony (Summer Palace).Characterized by its vast scope and rich cultural embodiments, the Summer Palace has become one of the most famous tourist sites in the world.
This is the main entrance to the Summer Palace-the East Gate On top of the eaves of the door there is a plaque bearing a Chinese inscription which means “Garden of Nurtured Harmony” , whose calligrapher was Emperor Guangxu.The gate that you are now entering was used exclusively by the emperor, the empre and the queer mother.All others used the side doors.
(Inside the East Gate)
the Summer Palace can be divided into two parts: Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake .The whole garden covers an area of 290 hectares, of whih three- fourths consists of a lake and rivers .This imperial garden features 3,000 room-units and covers an expanse of 70,000 square meters with more than 100 picturesque spots of interest.The layout of the Summer Palace includes three groups of architectures: palaces where the emperor attended to state affairs, resting palaces of the emperor and empre, and sightseeing areas.Entering the East Gate we will come the the office quarters.Entering the East gate we will come to the office quarters.The annex halls on both sides were used for officials on duty.
This is the Gate of Benevolence and Longevity.Above the door there is a plaque bearing the same name in both Chinese and Manchurian characters.The gigantic rock in the foreground is known as Taihu rock, or eroded limestone, quarried in Jiangsu Province and placed here to decorated the garden.
On the marble terrace sits a bronze mythical beast, known as Qilin or Xuanni .It was said to the one of the nine sons of Dragon King.A point of peculiar interest is that it has the head of a dragon, antlers of a deer, the tail of a lion and hooves of a ox, and is covered with a unique skin.IT was considered an auspicious creature that brought peace and prosperity.
This grand hall is the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity.It was built in 1750 , and was known as the Hall of Industrious Government.Emperor Qianlong ruled that the halls where monarchs attended to state affairs would be named after them .After the rebuilding of the Summer Palace, the hall was renamed, suggesting that benevolent rulers would enjoy long lives.
The arrangement of the hall has been left untouched.In the middle of the hall stands a throne made of sandalwood and carved with beautiful designs.In the background there is a screen carved with nine frolicking dragons.On either side of the throne there are two big fans made of peacock feathers, two column-shaped incense burners, crane-shaped lanterns and an incense burner auming the form of Ludu
an, a mythological animal which was suppose to have the power to prevent fire.The small chambers on eight side were where the Emperor Qianlong and Empre Dowager Cixi rested and met officials on formal occasions.
On the verandah in the foreground of the hall there are bronze statues of dragon and phoenixes which served as incense burners on major occasions.They are hollow and smoke comes through holes on their backs.Also on the veranda are Tai Ping (Peace) bronze water vats made during the reign of Emperor Qianlong.As a precaution in case of fire, a fire was lit underneath the vats in the winter to keep the water in them from freezing.(At the entrance of Garden of Virtuous Harmony)
we are now visiting the Garden of Virtuous Harmony, where Emperor Qianlong and Empre Dowager Cixi were entertained with Beijing Opera performances.IT mainly consists of the Dreing House, The Grand Theater Building and the Hall of pleasure smiles.The grand Theater Building known as the “Cradle of Beijing Opera” was uniquely laid out and magnificently decorated.On September 10, 1984, the Garden of Virtuous Harmony opened its doors to visitors.There are also 7 exhibition halls with articles of daily use on display here.The staff here put up court drees of Qing Dynasty in order to give the visitor a more vivid impreion.(In front of the Grand Theater Building)
this building is 21 meters in height and 17 meters in width and features three tiers of tilted eaves and stages.All of the stages are connected to a raise ,and a winch is installed at the top.A well and 5 ponds were sunk under the ground stage.There are trapdoors in the ceiling for fairies to descend, as well as on the floor for demons to surface.The underground paages also served as a means of improving resonance and making the performers` voices more audible .Of the three main theater building of the Qing Dynasty, the Grand Theater Building is the tallest and the largest.The other two are Changyin (Fluent Voice ) Pavilion in Chengde, an imperial summer resort.The building played a major part in fostering the birth and deve
lopment of Beijing opera: since the completion of the Grand Theater Building, many performances were held in it in honor of the Empre Dowager Cixi.(A lakeside walk from the Garden of Virtuous Harmony to the Hall of Jade Ripples)
we are now standing in the middle of a rockery behind the Hall of Benevolent and longevity.It appears that there` s nothing special ahead.However, after we clear the rockery, we will reach Kunming Lake.This is a application of a specific style of Chinese gardening.
Not far away in the lake there is a islet.It is filled with peach and weeping willow trees and serves as a ideal place to appreciate the scenery.The pavilion on the islet is called Zhichun (Understanding Spring) Pavilion and is chardcterized by four- edged, multiple eaved roofs.(In front of the Hall of Jade Ripples)
this group of special and quiet courtyard dwelling is the Hall of jade Ripples.It was first used by Emperor Qianlong to attend to state affairs.IT was also where Emperor Guangxu of the late Qing dynasty was kept under house arrest.
This hall is a hallmark of the Reform Movement of 1898, Emperor Guanxu was Empre Dowager Cixi` s nephew.After Emperor Tongzhi died, Empre Dowager Cixi made her nephew, who was at that time four years old a succeor in order to continue her wielding of power behind the scenes.When Emperor Guanxu was 19 years old ,Empre Dowager Cixi relinquished power to him but continued to exert considerable influence.In 1898, the Reform Movement took place with the aim of sustaining the corn principles of the Qing Dynasty while reforming outdated laws.The movement lasted for 103 days until it was suppreed by Empre Dowager Cixi.The emperor` s six earnest reformists were beheaded and Emperor Guangxu was placed under house arrest which lasted for 10 years .All the back doors were sealed and a brick was was put up behind the wooden partition on each side of the two annexes of the courtyard.Emperor Guangxu was closely watched by eunuchs.The wall remains intact for tourists to see..Dynasty while reforming outdated laws.The
movement lasted for 103 days until it was suppreed by Empre Dowager Cixi.The emperor` s six earnest reformists were beheaded and Emperor Guangxu was placed under house arrest which lasted for 10 years .All the back doors were sealed and a brick was was put up behind the wooden partition on each side of the two annexes of the courtyard.Emperor Guangxu was closely watched by eunuchs.The wall remains intact for tourists to see.(In front of Yiyunguan (Chamber of Mortal Beings)
this was where Empre and empre dowager of China` s feudal system.However, Emperor Guanxu was not the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty.The last in the line was Emperor Puyi, who ascended the throne in 1908 at the age of three, too young to be married .In 1912, he was forced to abdicate.During the short reign of Emperor Puyi.Empre Longyu handled state affairs on his behalf in the name of Empre Dowager.In 1911, a revolution led by Dr.Sun Yat-sun succeeded, and the year after, Empre Longyu announced the abdication of the last emperor of China.(In the Hall of Happine and Longevity)
the aged empre Dowager Cixi was so fond of the Summer Palace that she decided to live here from April through October of every year.This group of buildings served as her residence.
This group of courtyard dwellings consists of a forecourt and a backyard with annex courts on each side .The whole compound was basically made of wood, which is ideal for ventilation and lighting .With its quiet and tasteful layout, the Hall of Happine and Longevity made life very easy and convenient.No wonder one of Empre Dowager Cixi` s pleasure boat.On the pier there is a tall lantern post.Flanking the staircase leading to the main entrance of the hall, there are bronze cranes, deer and vases, symbolizing universal peace.The interior layout is the same as the imperial court, with throne, a large table and incense burners placed in the middle.At mealtime, eunuchs-in –waiting would make a gigantic table out of this table and Empre Dowager Cixi would dine on 128 courses.Because of this more than 1,80
0 tales of silver would be spent each month on meals.On the east side of the Living Room is the Cloak Room.The bedroom in on its west. In front of the yaoyue (Inviting the Moon ) Gate of the Long Corridor The famed Long Corridor is ahead.Facing Kunming lake and in the foreground of Longevity Hill, the Long Corridor stretches from Yaoyue (Inviting the Moon ) Gate to Shizhang (Stony Old Man) Pavilion.IT is 728 meters in length and consist of 273 sections and connects four octagonal pavilions.In 1990 ,it was listed in Guinne Book of World Records.(Strolling along the Long Corridor)
The Long Corridor is one of the major structures of the Summer Palace .Since the corridor was designed to follow the physical features of the southern slope of Longevity Hill , four multiple-eaved, octagonal pavilions (Beauty-Retaining Pavilion, Enjoy-the Ripples Pavilion, Autumn Water Pavilion and Clarity Distance Pavilion) were placed at bends and undulation.Thus sightseers will hardly notice the rise and fall of the terrain.As a major part of the architectural style of the Summer Palace, the Long Corridor serves as an ingenious connector between the Lake and the hill.Scattered buildings on the southern slope were linked to creat a unified complex.
This corridor can also be called a “corridor of paintings ”: There are more than 14,000 paintings on its beams.Some of them are of birds, flowers and landscapes of the West lake in Hangzhou, Zhejian Province.Others present scenes from literary claics.The majority of the landscape painting were done under the order of Emperor Qianlong, who preperred the scenery of South China. (By the door leading to the exhibition of cultural relics)
this group of temple-shaped structures are known as Qinghua (Clarified China) Hall ,also known as Arhat Hall during the reign of Emperor Qianlong.The original hall burned down in 1860.After it was reconstructed, it was renamed.
Qinghua Hall is now used as a exhibition hall displaying rare cultural relics collected in the Summer Palace.The hall consists of 6 exhibition rooms with tens of tho
usands of articles of treasure on display in turn.Among the exhibits there are bronze ware, porcelain, jade aemblages from the Ming and Qing dynasties, and rare and paintings.There is also a gigantic stone slab, which is more than 3 meters in height and width.It bears the handwritten inscriptions of Emperor Qianlong is commemoration of the suppreion of a rebellion in the Xinjiang region.Only this slab survived when the Angle-French allied forces set fire to the Summer Palace.(In front of the Gate of Dispelling Clouds)
Now we are approaching the central part of the structures on the lakeside slope, the Tower of Buddhist Incense within the Hall of Dispelling Clouds.The Hall of Dispelling Clouds was where numerous palatines kowtowed to Empre Dowager Cixi.It was surrounded by galleries and flanked by annex halls.In the forecourt there is a pool and marble bridges .Starting from the lakeside, there lies in succeion a memorial archway, the Gate of Dispelling Clouds, the Hall of Dispelling Clouds and the Tower of Buddhist Incense.All of these structures are built on a central axis and each is taller than its predeceor.This was designed to give prominence to the last structure, the Tower of Buddhist Incense, which was a symbol of imperial power.The layout of this group of architectures was based on scenes described in Buddhist sutras.This group of structure are among the most magnificently constructed here in the Summer Palace.(Inside the Hall of Dispelling Clouds)
The original buildings on this site were burned down by the Anglo-French allied forces in 1860.A new set of structures was built during the reign of Emperor Guanxu, and was called the Hall of Dispelling Clouds, suggesting that it was a fairyland.
The hall was built on a high terrace, and has 21 room.Inside the hall are a throne, screens, tripods and mandarin fans.On a platform you will see bronze dragons, phoenixes and tripods.At the foot of the platform there are four bronze water vats, the ancient form of fire extinguishers.
The 10th day of lunar October was ,Empre Dowager Cixi` s birthday.On that
day ,she sat on the throne here to receive congratulations and gifts.
Now we are going to pay a visit to the highlight of the Summer Palace- the Tower of Buddhist Incense.What we are now standing on is a stone terrace which is 20 meters in height.It has a semi housed stairway of 100 steps, you will live for 100 years.So, let` s go ! (In the front of the Tower of Buddhist Incense)
An octagonal structure with three storeys and quadruple eaves, the Tower of Buddhist Incense is the very center of the Summer Palace, and is one of the masterpieces of ancient Chinese architecture.The tower is 41 meters in height, and is buttreed by 8 solid pillars made of lignumvitae logs.With its complex structure, ingenious layout, towering terrace and convincing grandeur, the Tower of Buddhist Incense was artfully set out by the imperial gardens and beautiful scenery surrounding it .The Tower overlooks Kunming Lake and other picturesque spots within an area of tens of kilometers .On the west side of the Tower stands Baoyunge (Precious Cloud Pavilion).IT is made of bronze and is7.5 meters in height and 270 tons in weight.It resembles its wooden counterparts in every detail.It is one of the largest and most exquisite bronze pavilions still on existence in China.Lamas prayed here during the reign of Emperor Qianlong in honor of the monarchs and their families.At the turn of the century 10 bronze windows were spirited abroad.In 1992 an American company bought the windows and returned them intact to China.(On a hilltop leading from the back door of Tower of Buddhist Incense)
Now we can see the long and snaking Western Causeway and a shorter dike that divides Kunming Lake into three areas that contain South Lake Island, Seaweed-viewing Island and circle city island.The three island represent three mountain in ancient Chinese mythology, i.e.penglai, Fangzhang and Yingzhou.This peculiar method of incorporating a lake a three mountains within a single garden was a brainchild of Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty more than 2,000 years ago, bearing testimony to feudal monarchs` s longing for longevity.As the legend goes many heavenly elixirs grew on the three mythical islands.Using artificial building techniques, the an
cient Chinese built this masterpiece based on the myth to make the mythical on appear to be acceible to humans.(Inside the Garden of Harmonious Interest)
Setting a garden within a larger garden has been one of China traditional architectural styles.The Garden of Harmonious Interest serves as a fine example of this.
This Garden was built under the order of Emperor Qianlong and modeled after the Jichang Garden (Garden of Ease of Mind )at the foot of Mount Huishan, Jiansu Province.IT was renamed by his son Emperor Jiaqing in 1811.The existing Garden was rebuilt by Emperor or Guangxu.Empre Dowager Cixi used to go fishing here.The Garden features 10 waterfront platforms, pavilions and halls as well as hundreds of galleries
With all of its structures facing the lake and pools, the Garden of Harmonious Interest is basically a garden of waterscape.Spanning the vast expanse of the lake and pools are five bridges, each quite different from the others.The most famous of them is the bridge known as “Knowing –the Fishing-bridge.” IT is said that more than 2,500 years ago during the Warring States Period, two philosophere named Zhuang Zi had an interesting argument by the side of a pond.
Zhang said, ”Fish swim to and fro in the water.What happy fish!”
Hui asked , ”You are not a fish.How do you know they are happy? ”
Zhuang replied, “You are not me .How do you know I don‟t know? ”
Hui signed, “I am not you ,therefore, I don‟t know you .And you are not a fish ,so how
do you know that fish are happy? ”
Zhang said, “you ask me how I know fish are happy, why do you keeping me the same question?”
Although The Garden of Harmonious Interest was designed after Jichang Garden, it not only absorbed the original designs, but exceeded it .(Outside the south entrance to Suzhou Shopping Street)
Now lets have a look at longevity Hill.On the back slope of the Hill stands a group of architectures.The centerpiece of structures there are known as the Four Continents and are dedicated to Buddhism.This group was laid out and arranged in accordance with Buddhist cosmology.Aside from a main shrine and structures embodying the Four Continents, there are eight towers representing Minor Continents.The shrine is surrounded by four Lamaist pagodas and between the major and minor continents, there two platforms representing the sun and the moon.
The Qing authority attached great importance to Buddhism.To further strengthen ties with the ethnic minorities who practiced Buddhism, the monarchs incorporated both Han and Tibetan styles of architecture into this group of temples.
Further north at the foot of the Four Major Continent lies the Suzhou Shopping Street.Built along the Back Lake of the Summer Palace, this street stretches about 300 meters and features more than 60 stores.It includes restaurants, teahouses, pawnshops banks, drugstores dye houses and publishing houses.In order to recreate the atmosphere of ancient times, visitors will have the chance to exchange their money to ancient style Chinese coins for use here.Storefronts are trimmed with traditional signboards and ornaments.The commercial culture of the mid-18th century has thus been recreated.(Atop the stone bridge inside the Suzhou Shopping Street)
visitors may be surprise to see that this shopping street is almost the same as that in South China.As a matter of fact, this street was designed after the shops along the canals in Suhzhou.Originally known as Emperor` s Shopping Street, it was built during the reign of Emperor Qianlong.After making several inspection tours to South China and being duly impreed by its commercial prosperity, Emperor Qian
long ordered the construction of this street.
The imperial shopping street was burnt down by Anglo-French allied forces in 1860.The site remained desolated until 1987, when reconstruction began.It was opened to the public in September 1990.
With commercial culture as its hallmark, the Suzhou Shopping Street is a vivid representation of China` s traditional cultures. (On the road from the south fate of the suzhou shopping street to the marble boat)
This is the hall of Pines.From it to the west we can walk to the Marble Boat.The path we aree taking stretches between Longevity Hill and Back Lake.Monarchs and their cohorts used to stroll along it .Hence it was named Central Imperial Path.Along this path you will see lilacs all around.Hence, this road is also known as the Path of Lilac. (In front of the ruins of the Garden of complete spring)
Quite a few unique structures were burnt down during the reign of emperor Qianlong, among which the Garden of Complete Spring was one of the most famous.The ruined and desolate courtyard by the roadside was its original site, it remains to be restored.This group of structures cover an area of 4,000 square meters and features a number of halls built on three different levels.All of the structures were connected with galleries and stone staircases.With its natural and ingenious combination of pavilions, a hall, galleries and rooms, the Garden of Complete Spring serves as a fine model for other gardens.
Emperor Qianlong frequently visited this compound.(Along the lakeside by the Marble Boat)
Now we have returned from the back of Longevity Hill to the front.There is the famous Marble Boat.This structure is 36 meters in length and its body was made
of marble.On top of it is a two storeyed structure.The floor was paved with colored bricks.All of the windows are inlaid with multi-colored gla and the ceiling was decorated with carved bricks.The drainage system channels rain water down through four hollow concrete pillars and into the lake through the mouth of dragon heads.
According to a book written by Emperor Qianlong, the boat was used for enjoying the scenery and was supposed to be symbolic of the stability of the Qing Dynasty.
Halfway up the slope there stands the Hall for listening to Orioles .The ancient Chinese liken the warble of an oriole to beautiful songs and melodies, hence the name of the hall which used to be a theater.Now the hall is one of the most famous restaurants in China, featuring imperial dishes and deerts.It is a must for many foreign visitors to have lunch here when then come to Beijing.More than one hundred heads of state worldwide have dined here and the late Premier Zhou Enlai has held banquets here in honor of state guests.(Sightseers who want to try the restaurant can go boating after they eat.Those who do not can go abroad right away.Those who do not feel like taking the boat can stoll along the Long Corridor to the outside of the East Gate).(Boating on Kunmin Lake)
we are now going to enjoy the lakeside scenery from a pleasure boat.As a main part of the Summer Palace, Kunming Lake covers an area of 220 hectares, or three fourths of the combined space of this summer resort.This natural lake is more than 3500 years old.
This lake was originally called Wengshan Lake.In 1749 Emperor Qianlong ordered the construction of Qingyi Garden, the predeceor of the Summer Palace.Involving nearly 10,000 laborers, the lake was expanded and turned into a peach-shaped reservoir, the first of its kind for Beijing.
From 1990 to 1991, the Beijing Municipal Government ordered the first dredging
of the lake in 240 years .Involving 200,000 men and hundreds of dredgers and other tools, a total of 625,600 cubic meters of sludge was dredged and 205 bombs dropped by the Japanese during the Anti-Japanese War were removed.
The summer palace set a precedent for sightseeing by boat.There used to be a large imperial flotilla, of which the “Kunming Merry Dragon” was the most famous.It was destroyed by the Anglo-French allied forces in 1860.To make the tour of the Summer Palace a more pleasant one, a large pleasure boat “Tai He ” (Supreme Harmony )was built.This double –decked boat is 37.09 meters long,8,59 meters wide and 10.49 meters high.It can travel at a speed of 9 kilometer per hour.Small pleasure boats are also available to tourist.
Another major spot of interest on the Western causeway is Jingming (Bright View ) Hall.Both its front and rear face the lake.This structure also features three two- storeyed halls of varying heights.
Our tour is drawing to a close as we approach the shore.Today we only visited the major scenic areas of the Summer Palace.I have left other spot of interest for your next visit.
I will show you out through the East Gate.I hope you enjoyed today` s tour.Thank you .Good-bye and good luck.
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