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Abstract

Language is the relationship tool and intellectual weapon that the human beings poe singly, 2-3 yeas old is the unprecedented rapid development time of language, since then they step into the phase of grasping the basic colloquialism.However, their abilities differ from each other in developing language.So how to promote the development of their language？This is a problem that deserves our deeply thinking and exploring.This paper mainly discues the feature and discipline of developing children’ language, the factors that affect the development, meanwhile, the critical period is also put the consideration, in addition, this paper will also talk a little the significance of developing the children’ language.Finally, this paper tends to introduce some information about the children English teaching as well as the principles involved.Actually children English teaching should arouse our attention and it deserves our extensive research.

Keyword: children; language; development.

摘要

语言是人类独有的交往工具和思维的武器, 2-3岁是幼儿语言能力飞速发展的时期，进入到掌握最基本的口语的阶段，然而幼儿语言能力很不相同。那么，如何促进2-3岁幼儿语言能力的发展呢？这是一个值得我们深思和探索的问题, 这篇论文主要讨论儿童语言发展的特点和规律，以及影响其发展的因素。同时这篇论文还涉及了儿童语言发展的关键期，另外还谈及了发展儿童语言的意义，最后这篇论文就儿童语言教学谈了几点观点。儿童语言发展是一个值得深究的学术问题，其研究对儿童语言发展有重要意义。

关键词：儿童；语言；发展

CONTENTS Chapter1 Introduction………………………………………………………….4 Chapter 2 Features and Disciplines of Developing Children’ English……….4 Chapter3 Critical Period………………………………………………………..5 Chapter 4 Factors that Influence the Development of Children’ Language…..6 4.1: The Problem of Organ……………………………………………………….6 4.2: The Problem of Health……………………………………………………….6 4.3: The Condition of Family……………………………………………………..6 4.4: Learning Abilities……………………………………………………………...6 4.5: Gender Difference……………………………………………………………...6 4.6: Personality Traits………………………………………………………………6 4.7: Surroundings……………………………………………………………………6 4.8: The Factor of Age………………………………………………………………..7 4.9: Inheritance……………………………………………………………………….7 Chapter5 Significance……………………………………………………………......7 Chapter6 the Problems Encountered……………………………………………….7 6.1: Parents Are Not Aware of Using Simple Language…………………………...8 6.2: Parents Crack down Children’ Enthusiasm of Learning Language unconsciously………………………………………………………………………..8 6.3: Children’ Endurance Fall into the Bottom and Be Stubborn……………….8 6.4: Shout at Parents……………………………………………………………….8 6.5: Speak Some Words That Parents Can Not Understand…………………….8 6.6: Stammer……………………………………………………………………….8 Chapter7 Children English Teaching…………………………………………….8 7.1: Choose Various Teaching Methods so as to Improve the Children’ Interests to Learn Language………………………………………………………………8

7.2: Story Teaching………………………………………………………………9 7.3: Situational Language Learning…………………………………………….9 7.4: Mobilizing Children’ Various Senses for Integrated Function……………9 7.5: learn in Playing Activity……………………………………………………..9 7.6: Vivid Teaching……………………………………………………………....9 7.7: Music Pedagogy……………………………………………………………..9 Chapter8 Principles of English Teaching…………………………………………10 8.1: The Practical Principle……………………………………………………......10 8.2: Launch Activities Focused on Listening and Speaking in a Large Quantity.8.3: Principle of Direct Observation………………………………………………10 8.4: teachers demonstrate the new language material so that the children can build some fresh concept…………………………………………………………..10 8.4.1: Employing Visual Aids……………………………………………………10 8.4.2: Body Language……………………………………………………………….10 8.5: The Principle of Interest……………………………………………………….11 8.5.1: Interesting Content…………………………………………………………11 8.5.2: Interesting Environment………………………………………………….....11 8.5.3: Performance………………………………………………………………….11

8.5.4: Speaking and Singing………………………………………………………..11 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………..11

Language Development and English Teaching of Children

Chapter1 Introduction

The new platform strees that we should create a relaxed environment for the children when comes to the development of their language.Meanwhile we should also pay much attention to cultivating the children’ habit of listening as well as the

ability of understanding, and encourage them to delivery their ideas and opinions spontaneously.What’s more, we should try our best to guild them to touch the outstanding children’ literature.At the same time, teachers should also foster children’ interest in knowing the simple marks and signs.All of these require us to develop the presentation ability on all sorts of different levels.

Chapter 2 Features and Disciplines of Developing Children’ English

Firstly, it is the integrity of language, not only it refers to the integrity of structural style, but also the integrity of the proce of language development.The mode of presentation is orbicular, so does the learning of children.When the children begin to learn something, the abilities of listening, reading and writing will be stimulated at the same time.So they can obtain the perception upon the objects.Therefore teachers should obey the principle of integrity and pay much attention to every aspect of these abilities.Such as reading, writing, as well as listening.Initiative followed, A profeor pointed out that the children’ language formed by developing, not teaching.He aumed that children did not search for the vocabulary and utterance to expre until they need them.Children use the language by interacting with others, in this proce; children exert the features of imitative.For this reason, we should provide various kinds of chances and affluent resources to learn language, let them surround by the language and character.As a result, we can establish perfect language environment for the children.Meanwhile, we can adopt natural learning model, namely the demonstration, involvement, practice, role playing and expreion.In addition, validity is another important feature.For the children, the proce of language learning is related to the course of they cognizing the objects.What’s more, the proce is accompanied with the feeling and experience of the things.According to the study, effective language learning is not” right” ,“standard” but it is some kind of learning that connects the personal experience and society.For children, only they apply language learning to the communication in life, did they can expre the cognition and feeling, so to some extent, teachers ought to guide children to learn language in some certain context.It is meaningle for children if they separate themselves from the context.In order to ample children’ life experience, we can do many kinds of games and activities.So they can convey their ideas freely and acceibly.What’s more, we can not ignore the equality from the angle of education; teachers and students are the community of teaching proce.Teachers play a leading role while students are the main body, the relationship between teachers and students should be democratic and equal.Finally, it is creativity.As we all know, language is the outcome of continuous creation.Bergdorf once argued that for the children, the proce of language learning is filled with attempt and creativity, Furth more, tentative learning is not about the fault, only by tying can we attain the proper expreion.In a word, attempt is the prelude and sole road for creation.As for the children English teaching, it is more important for teachers giving more affirmation and encouragement to them. On the side, some educators put forward other points.First of all, it is the pronunciation.The pronunciation of initial consonant and compound vowel will be improved as the children get older.Infinity is the best period for pronunciation learning.Then it is incensement of vocabulary.The content of vocabulary got constantly enriched.At the same time, the number of active

vocabulary is also on the increase.Next, children can grasp the grammatical structure from the linguistic practice, and the language presentation skill obtains further progre.Besides, verbal language gradually transmit to nonverbal language, even more, children can preliminarily get hold of the written language.Additionally, the phenomenon of word creation appeared.Children aged 3to5 often create some new words, which is related the shortage of vocabulary.

Recently, people agree that for children, the acquisition of grammatical structural need to undergo three stages.The first stage: they start to master words and some simple sentences made by two or more words.The second stage: they are able to make out some simple and composite sentences that follow the grammar.The third stage: they are capable of applying the grammar flexibly; meanwhile, they can reflect the logical relationship in their words.

Chapter3 Critical Period Nowadays, an increasing number of people realize that the critical period play an important role in developing children’ language.Parents get a clear idea that excellent language learning environment is the neceary preparation for children.Some experts propose that children’ language development can be divided into two parts: language preparation period and language completion period.Above all, the language preparation period also called the fore period of language (aged from 3 to 3) A: The first phase of language development---the phase of words and phases: between the twelfth month and eighteenth month after the children was born.At this time, children can use some simple words to substitute for the meaning that complete sentence included.Further more, they tend to apply some body language or expreion to convey their ideas.B: The second phase of language development (18-24).Since children get further understand about the surrounding, the vocabulary increased constantly, of this time, children are more likely to use some two words that are not related to replace the complete manning, such as “waiwai” “cheche”, That means they push the cart outside.C: The third phase of language development.The phase of simple sentences(24-36), the vocabulary gained obviously during this period, moreover, children can utilize some simple sentences that are logical and contain subject as well as predicate.

For another, it is the language completion period, also known as the composite sentence.Children in this period are in a position to use the words to deliver willingne and describe their inner thoughts, pouncing in a correct way, also learned the discipline that formed the words and sentences , however, the simple sentences still account for a big proportion, with the growth of age, the simple sentences are replaced by the composite sentences.

Chapter 4 Factors that Influence the Development of Children’ Language

The development of children’ language is a consecutive proce, any phase interfered will have bad impact on the next phase.As a result, the degree of children’ language is inconsistent with the age, even lag behind obviously.For instance, a child 3years old can expre a simple sentence that formed about four words, such as brother eats biscuits, mum babble milk.According to the researches, some experts have put forward some factors that influence the development of children’ language.4.1: The Problem of Organ

The development of language is inevitably sluggish if they have the problem of brain hyperplasia, brain wounded and congenital impediment.4.2: The Problem of Health Children who are thin and sick all the time, due to lack of chances to playing and experience , tend to be more unsmooth than healthy children in developing language.4.3: The Condition of Family A harmonious family and amiable parents can provide the children with the ample language stimulus and learning environment.In that case, children can begin to speak early and deliver in a good way.4.4: Learning Abilities Because some children have exquisite learning ability and imitation ability, so their language capacity can be explored in early time, otherwise, language development is more likely to be biased and sluggish.4.5: Gender Difference Generally, for girls, the development of language is earlier than boys, even have better speaking ability.But when they entered the elementary school, the gender difference will be decreased; there are le obvious difference between the boys and girls.4.6: Personality Traits It is known that children who are bashful conservative did not very well in language developing.4.7: Surroundings It mainly contains the degree of education, career, and financial situation and so on.Language development is concerned with the quantity of information that the surroundings can provide.Children who accept more stimuli are better than other children.4.8: The Factor of Age Language learning is affected by the age; age is the dominant factor that impacts the development of vocabulary as well as the grammar.With the growth of age, it will constantly appear some phase structural.4.9: Inheritance The language type of children is familiar with the parents’.4.10: To Nourish Condition

The living condition of children composes a big influence on the language development.Children who are looked after by the daycare worker can talk earlier than others.At the same time, if the children are good at communicating with others, they are more likely to be excellent.

Chapter5 Significances First, from the point of development of somatopsychic, children are in critical period to develop their Chinese, on the one side, the pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar and communication ability are all in good preparation to develop.If we can provide suitable surroundings and education condition, their language abilities can be expanded in a high speed, on the other side, in case children have some deficiency in language education, their flaw will be irreparable.Second, from the standpoint of nature and function of language, as a tool of communication for human beings, language plays an important role in delivering one’s thought and feeling, resenting and transmitting information, meanwhile, conducting a mind tool, language impact significantly on the cognitive proce and cognitive result.Thirdly, from the effect of language education, the exploitation of language abilities has positive influence on the development of language as well as the society.So to speak, the exploitation of children’ language ability can boost their integrated development.In addition, for children, language contributes them to adapt to the surroundings.When the children are exposed to different surroundings, they always use language to explore and comprehend the surroundings.Through adjustment and communication, children can be familiar with the new surroundings as soon as poible.

Chapter6 the Problems Encountered

Under investigation, children between the ages of 1and2, the language development is active in the period.Parents can not treat it lightly.Parents should match up the thirst for knowledge of their babies.Here, I would like to list some problems that parents always made.6.1: Parents Are Not Aware of Using Simple Language.

During this period, the comprehensive ability of children is limited; they can not have a clear idea of the complicated sentences, such as the double negative sentences.So in that case, parents should pay attention to communicate with children in a plain way, So that they can obtain much more information.6.2: Parents Crack down Children’ Enthusiasm of Learning Language Unconsciously.

In this time, children are interested in the dialogue; they would eavesdrop for a few minutes and then do other things nonchalantly.Therefore parents should not disturb children’ activity and manage to avoid criticizing their activities, so as not to drain their enthusiasm.6.3: Children’ Endurance Fall into the Bottom and Be Stubborn.

For this time, children’ vocabulary is on the increase, but sometimes they can not convey their ideas exactly.At the same time, children are provided with self-awarene, their inner needs are in exce of their abilities, so to some extent, children could consider that people around them are not able to understand them, they tend to be depreed even rebel against their parents to show their diatisfaction.During this critical period, parents should understand and care for their children.We know that children would become moderate again after they lose their temper each time, parents ought to bear in mind that they should not exert preure on the children any more.6.4: Shout at Parents Sometimes, children shout at their parents to expre their upset, it is not all about the problem of personality, maybe they want to voice something , just lack some language abilities.When comes to this kind of occasion, we should try to calm down the children and then gue what they want, do not shout at them in return, otherwise, children are easy to engender frustration and lonene .6.5: Speak Some Words That Parents can not Understand

Children are fond of mumbling, parents often puzzled what they said, to a large extent, it is because children want to imitate the way other people composed.In fact, it is brave for children to give their expreion, on this basis; parents should encourage their children and avoid interference and criticism 6.6: Stammer Parents should make some observation on the developmental condition of children.If it is unusual, parents should give their children a hospital inspection

Chapter7 Children English Teaching

Under the preure of social development and competition, people constantly realized that the importance of bilingual education.As we all know, bilingual education in kindergarten are the insistent needs of parents and children.How to stir up the interests of children to learn English? Here, some educators come up with certain methods.7.1: Choose Various Teaching Methods so as to Improve the Children’ Interests to Learn Language.

English education in kindergarten is a kind of enlightenment; educators should lay the key point on the interests.Interests are not only the best teacher but also the initiative for the children.Supposing that children take an interest in English, they will present positive feeling, even more; children are likely to blend in the activities. 7.2: Story Teaching

As we all know, the pre-scholar are always attracted by the interesting stories, such as the snow white, Cinderella, Hoodwinked, Jack and magic beans, the plots of these claical.Pantomime are vivid and vigorous, the content are also developmental and interesting.If we put some English texts in the story, it turns out that we can arouse the initiative of children.Meanwhile, children can focus the attention on the context.As a result, children are capable of promoting the study consciousne in a harmonious atmosphere and bringing out the interest of learning.7.3: Situational Language Learning

It is known that English learning is obtained in a way of naturalistic acquisition, not in a way of dogmatism.Children’ language ability developed in the proce of practice, so for this reason, educators should set up some real and meaningful situation, and then encourage them to speak, what we need to do is inspire the learning initiative and help them build confidence, language learning are not merely the words, learning the communication abilities is even more important.7.4: Mobilizing Children’ Various Senses for Integrated Function.

Language is symbol of objects, it poees features both abstract and concrete, and children acquaint the objects with the help of vision, audition, scent, gestation and feeling.In the teaching proce, it is helpful to let the children have clear idea of the language if we combine the object observation with the language development.For example, when we provide the children with apples, we can encourage them to touch, smell , taste and so on, in that case, children can get a synthetically understand of these apples.

7.5: learn in Playing Activity Arouse the interests is the key point of learning language.In preschool period, games are the basic forms of activity, so does the favorite one, the reason is that it can set off the interests and lead them to concentrate on the activities.Supposing that the educators practice the teaching through games, it will definitely meet the needs of children and make them apply even rich their life experience, games also play an important role in adapting to the society and exploring the intelligence. 7.6: Vivid Teaching

The psychosomatic development of children is in the initial phase, it is hard for them to understand the abstract concept and rigid words.Therefore, teachers should achieve the teaching by using concrete objects and body language.For instance, when the teachers refer to “rubbish”, they can explain like this：rubbish is some kind of waste that are unneceary in daily life, such as the waste paper, periapt and so on.Or teachers can find some rubbish around them to tell the children that is the rubbish.7.7: Music Pedagogy

For the children, music activity firstly is the way and approach of self-expreion.In the phase of preschool education, we can excavate the children’ potential and model the healthy personality.At the same time, we can act the musical education as a tool to urge the children to take part in these activities zealously.On that account, teachers can instruct some general phases in musical forms, and let the children experience the melody of music.Due to the specificity of children, we would do better to pay more attention to the methods of children’ English teaching, traditional ways absolutely won’t work, to a large extent; we should grasp the specialty of children and adopt some useful methods.

Chapter8 Principles of English Teaching

8.1: The Practical Principle

Language acquisition with theory explains that children are provided with the ability of language absorption, which urges them to aimilate the language material by engaging and utilizing.The language acquisition theory also argues that only the acquainted knowledge can formed the verbal language.Therefore, the development of children is achieved by the activities.8.2: Launch Activities Focused on Listening and Speaking in a Large Quantity.Listening and speaking are the basic forms of children’ learning activities.The marrow lies to creating a lot of chances to let the children obtain practices by speaking.In this way, children can expertly master language and generate automatic feeling with the language with a ma of practices. 8.3: Principle of Direct Observation From the angle of psychology, the thought of children presents in some concrete way, the majority of them are weak in abstract thinking and reasoning ability.As a result, we should utilize and develop this kind of ability, and do not undermine the willing of children, using this kind of ability to the best of our ability, providing the children with the services of English learning.

8.4: teachers demonstrate the new language material so that the children can build some fresh concept.

8.4.1: Employing Visual Aids We can bring objects, models, pictures, slide show in the claroom, because children are familiar with objects in their daily life, they will engender something fresh, of course, they tend to be attracted.They would plump out the English name of these objects since they are related.If it is inconvenient to take something to the cla, we can supplant with some relevant toys and models.In addition, the computer-multimedia aid teaching is an organic whole of pictures, words, sound.It makes the teaching content become more lavished, the pleasure involved in the cla can active the claroom atmosphere. 8.4.2: Body Language Gesture, motion, demonstration, facial expreion, manner are all of the body language, the employing of body language is in favor of creating language environment and exaggerating atmosphere so that we can help them have a better understanding about the new material and improve the effect of perception.For instance, when we teach the children to read the rising tone, we can lift up our hands; on the contrary, we can let our hands down. 8.5: The Principle of Interest

Interest is some positive manifestation.It always brings people with pleasant feeling.For the children, English is abstract and difficult to comprehend.Therefore, the principle of interest is vital to consummate the English teaching of children.8.5.1: Interesting Content We should combine the children’ English teaching with the daily life and game

activities, the content, for the children, must be interesting and well-informed.We should put the principle into our consideration when we choose the topic role soon, such as drawing, dropping around. 8.5.2: Interesting Environment In order to draw the attention and aspiration of children, teachers can consciously play some English stories, songs, poetries, allowing them to watch the animated film and browse the English picture book.8.5.3: Performance Children have strong desire for performance, acting short play in English, not only can foster children bravery and confidence, but also can help the remember the content for a time.8.5.4: Speaking and Singing Melody can generate intense attraction for children, teachers can direct them to listen first and then give them a performance according to the lyric.Actually, songs are the favor enhancement in teaching.For one side, they tend to active the atmosphere, on the other side; they are in a position to stir up the interest of children and solidity the language forms they have learned.Children are able to acquire the double result with half work.

Conclusion All in all, we should give play to leading role of teachers in the proce of teaching, especially fostering the thought language, we must bring about lots of chances for children to expre their voice and deliver their feeling.In addition, we should try our best to encourage them to speak in a right way, choosing appropriate words, ensuring the integrity of sentences, what’s more, we ought to let them take part in some interesting activities and urge them to read stories.At the same time, we should give more positive response to the conduct so that they can enjoy the pleasure of succe.As a result, we can get a bigger progre.

References [1] 高敏．幼儿英语教育[M]．上海：华东师范大学出版社,2007 [2] Flege(1987)．A critical period for learning to pronounce foreign language ．Applied Linguistics．1993．

[3] [意大利]蒙台梭利．任代文主译校．蒙台梭利幼儿教育科学方法[M]．北京：,人民教育出版社，1993年版．

[4] 吴牧之．学前儿童英语教育研究综述[J]．中国双语教育网,2004．

[5] [美国]乔姆斯基．乔姆斯基语言哲学文选[M]．北京：商务印书馆，1992． [6] 林泳海．幼儿教育心理学[M]．北京：商务印书馆，2007．

[7] 束定芳，庄智象．现代外语教学—理论、实践与方法[M]．上海：上海外语教育出版社，1996．

[8] 强海燕，赵琳，西格尔．幼儿英语浸入式教育活动[M]．陕西：西安交通大学出版社，2000．

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