21世纪大学英语第一册第二单元笔记 the power of words
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Unit Two —Text B
The Power of Words
I.Text-related Information
Mark Twain: the pen name of Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the major authors of American fiction.Twain is also considered the greatest humorist in American literature.Twain’s varied works include novels, travel narratives, short stories, sketches, and eays.His writing about the Miiippi river, such as The adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the Miiippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, have been especially popular among modern readers.
II.Words & Expreions
1.fancy--n.想像力, 幻想, 喜好, 爱
adj.想像的, 时髦的, 华丽装饰的, 奢侈的, 技巧的
vt.想象, 自认为, 喜好
e.g.I don\'t fancy going all that way in such bad weather.
我不喜欢在这样的坏天气里一直这么走着。
Fancy her saying a thing like that!
想不到他竟然说出这种话来。
The painting took his fancy, so he bought it.
这幅画被他看中了，所以他就把他买了下来。
I fancy I have met you before.
我想我以前或许见过你。
A fancy restaurant/dre/house/hairstyle
2.impreive---having a strong effect on sb.
e.g.There was something impreive about Julia\'s quiet dignity.
朱丽亚的宁静端庄给人印象很深。
It\'s an impreive ceremony.
那是个难忘的仪式。
His collection of paintings is the most impreive.
他的绘画收藏令人叹为观止。
His speech is quite impreive to the audience.3.reflect—show, expre, make it clear
e.g.Increased sales were reflected in higher profits.
销售量的增加带来了更大的利润。
Her sad looks reflected the thought paing through her mind.
她忧戚的面容反映出她内心的思想。
I often reflect on the beauty and complexity of life.
我们经常思考人生的美丽与复杂。
【语法用法】
reflect可作及物动词或不及物动词，作不及物动词时，后面常跟介词on/upon/over。
He reflected on his past mistakes.
他在归咎自己过去的错误。
4.distinguish—be able to notice or recognize the difference between
e.g.Speeches distinguish human beings from animals.
人类和动物的区别在于人会说话。
She distinguished herself by her coolne and bravery.
她因头脑冷静、敢作敢为而为人称道。
The twins were so much alike that it was impoible to distinguish one from the other.
这对孪生子像得使人无法分辨。
He distinguished himself by his courage.
他因英勇而扬名。
5.insight—deep understanding; the ability to see into the true nature of sth.
e.g.In this new book he hits off the American temperament with amazing insight.
在这本新书里，他对美国人性格的描写表现出惊人的洞察力。
The book is filled with remarkable insights.
这本书很有真知卓见。
I\'ve got an insight into the problem.
我对问题豁然开朗。
gain an insight into 了解, 熟悉; 看透, 识破
have an insight into 了解, 熟悉; 看透, 识破...
6.trait—element in sb’s personality; distinguishing characteristic
e.g.One of his le attractive traits is criticizing his wife in public.
他有个不大讨人喜欢的特点，就是爱当众责备妻子。
Two traits in the American character are generosity and energy.
美国人性格的两大特点是慷慨和活力。
7.predict—say in advance what will happen
e.g.I can predict something with great accuracy.
我能很准确地预测某事。
The zodiac is used in astrology to predict the future.
十二宫图用于占星术中预测未来。
It is virtually impoible to predict the future accurately.
精确预言未来的事实际上是办不到的。
The fortune-teller predicted that I would marry a doctor.
算命先生预言我会同一位医生结婚。
The economists predicted an increase in the rate of inflation.
经济学家预言通货膨胀率将会增长。
【语法用法】
predict意为“预言”，“预告”，指将来有可能发生但是现在尚未发生的事情，因此谓语时态要迟一步于主语时态。
错句举例与错句分析：
错句: Biologists are predicting that they have been able to alter genes and control heredity.
订正: Biologist are predicting that they will be able to alter genes and control heredity.
翻译: 生物学家预言他们有能力改变基因，控制遗传特征。
分析: 宾语从句中谓语动词时态要迟一步于主语的时态。
8.context--n.上下文, 环境, 背景
e.g.The determination of the meaning of a word is often difficult without a context.
脱离上下文来确定一个词的含义常常是困难的。
It is usually easier to pick out the meaning of a phrase in a given context.
在特定的上下文中理解一个短语的含意往往要更容易些。
III.Language Focus
1.send out—give out from itself; emit; expre
e.g.we all know that the sun sends out heat and light.
众所周知，太阳发光发热。
The university usually sends out acceptance letters for the fall semester in March.
Send out a distre signal; the ship is sinking.
船正在下沉，发遇险信号吧。
2.It’s true.But …: the structure is often used to expre a different idea.
e.g.“Things are a bit different in my country.”
“It’s true, but we’re not in your country, are we?”
3.get acro—make (sth.) be understood; make clear
e.g.The teacher used pictures and charts to get acro his idea.
He found it difficult to get his Chinese humor acro to an English audience.
Did your speech get acro to the audience?
你的演说听众都懂了吗？
4.in some cases—in some situations
e.g.This kind of virus is very dangerous, and even fatal in some cases.
Of course, in some cases this does not matter so much while in others it can be quite serious.
5.as a result—for that reason
e.g.He was late as a result of the snow.
由于大雪他迟到了。
Five hundred jobs were axed as a result of government spending cuts.
由于政府缩减经费的缘故，有五百人被突然解雇了。
He didn\'t work hard, as a result he failed his exam.
他不用功，结果考试不及格。
6.come out—(of words, a speech, etc.) be spoken
e.g.He added the last words without thinking.They just came out naturally.
When the words came out, I knew immediately that I shouldn’t have said them.
7.have no choice but—have no other way than
e.g.As you have failed twice in the exam, you have no choice but to learn the course again.
Having lost their way, the couple had no choice but to stop and wait for someone to pa by and
give them directions.
common to—large shared by
e.g.The desire to succeed is common to both children and adults.
Arrangements of this kind are a feature common to most hospitals.in short—in a few words; briefly
e.g.In short, Mr.Miles is a loose fish.
总之，迈儿斯先生是个浪荡子。
In short, he is one of the most promising students I\'ve ever known.总之，他是我见过最有希望的学生之一。
8.9.
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