林肯演讲

2022-05-05 来源：演讲稿收藏下载本文

推荐第1篇：林肯演讲

The Gettysburg Addre

Abraham Lincoln

Fourscore and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure.We are met on a great battlefield of that war.We have come to dedicate a portion of it as the final resting place of those who here gave their lives that that nation might live.It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this, but in a larger sense we cannot dedicate –we cannot consecrate –we cannot hallow this ground.The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract.The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work that they have thus far so nobly advanced.It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us,that from those honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion; that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

最后一句参考译文如下：

在此，我们将献身于有待我们去完成的伟大事业，即我们将更加致力于完成先烈们曾为之献身的这一事业，即在此我们将下定决心，不使先烈的鲜血白流，即这个国家在上帝的庇佑之下，必将得到自由的新生,一个民有、民治、民享的政府，必将永世长存。

这一段是这样翻译出来的：

(1)It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us─(2)that from those honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause (3)for which they gave the last full measure of devotion─(2)that we here highly resolve

(3)that these dead shall not have died in vain─(2)that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom─(2)and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perishfrom the earth.

分析：

这是林肯总统的“Gettysburg Addre”中最后、最重要、也是最长的一句话。词句虽稍长，并列结构多，但层次还是清楚的，一目了然。层次也不是很复杂，全句只有三个层次：主句，在全句的开始，前面标有（1）；从句，在每个“──”号之后，前面标有（2），表示第二个层次，共有四个；从句中的从句，前面标有（3），表示第三个层次，共有两个。关键是弄清这几层之间的关系：第二层次的四个并列从句皆为task 的同位语从句；第一个第三层次的从句为 cause 的定语从句，第二个则为 resolve 的宾语从句。每个层次还有一些其它结构，如 government 后就有三个著名于世的并列的 of 短语作定语，就不一一分析了。注意全句末尾反译（反面正译）手段的运用，比较原句反面的表达：“必不致从地球上消灭。”

参考译文：

主讲：亚伯拉罕·林肯

时间：1863年11月19日

地点：美国，宾夕法尼亚，葛底斯堡

八十七年以前，我们的祖先在这大陆上建立了一个国家，它孕育于自由，并且献身给一种理念，即所有人都是声来平等的。

当前，我们正在从事一次伟大的内战，我们在考验，究竟这个国家，或任何一个有这种主张和这种信仰的国家，是否能长久存在。我们在那次战争的一个伟大的战场上集会。我们来到这里，奉献那个战场上的一部分土地，作为在此地为那个国家的生存而牺牲了自己生命的人的永久眠息之所。我们这样做，是十分合情合理的。

可是，就更深一层意义而言，我们是无从奉献这片土地的--无从使它成为圣地--也不能把它变为人们景仰之所。那些在这里战斗的勇士，活着的和死去的，已使这块土地神圣化了，远非我们的菲薄能力所能左右。世人会不大注意，更不会长久记得我们在此地所说的话，然而他们将永远忘不了这些人在这里所做的事。相反，我们活着的人应该献身于那些曾在此作战的人们所英勇推动而尚未完成的工作。我们应该在此献身于我们面前所留存的伟大工作--由于他们的光荣牺牲，我们要更坚定地致力于他们曾作最后全部贡献的那个事业--我们在此立志宣誓，不能让他们白白死去--要使这个国家在上帝的庇佑之下，得到新生的自由--要使那民有、民治、民享的政府不致从地球上消失。(翻译可能不很准确，如要准确，请查询专业书籍)

推荐第2篇：林肯演讲

Four score and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new Nation, conceived inLiberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.Now, we are engaged in a great Civil War, testing whether that Nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure.We are met on a great battlefield of that war.We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting-place for those who gave their lives that Nation might live.It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground.The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our power to add or detract.The world will little note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated to the great task remaining before us; that from these honored dead, we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion; that this Nation, under GOD, shall have a new birth of freedom; and that government of the People by the People and for the People shall not perish from the earth.\"

87年前，我们的先辈们在这个大陆上创立了一个新国家，它孕育于自由之中，奉行一切人生来平等的原则。现在我们正从事一场伟大的内战，以考验这个国家，或者任何一个孕育于自由和奉行上述原则的国家是否能够长久存在下去。我们在这场战争中的一个伟大战场上集会。烈士们为使这个国家能够生存下去而献出了自己的生命，我们来到这里，是要把这个战场的一部分奉献给他们作为最后安息之所。我们这样做是完全应该而且是非常恰当的。

但是，从更广泛的意义上来说，这块土地我们不能够奉献，不能够圣化，不能够神化。那些曾在这里战斗过的勇士们，活着的和去世的，已经把这块土地圣化了，这远不是我们微薄的力量所能增减的。我们今天在这里所说的话，全世界不大会注意，也不会长久地记住，但勇士们在这里所做过的事，全世界却永远不会忘记。毋宁说，倒是我们这些还活着的人，应该在这里把自己奉献于勇士们已经如此崇高地向前推进但尚未完成的事业。倒是我们应该在这里把自己奉献于仍然留在我们面前的伟大任务——我们要从这些光荣的死者身上汲取更多的献身精神，来完成他们已经完全彻底为之献身的事业；我们要在这里下定最大的决心，不让这些死者白白牺牲；我们要使国家在上帝福佑下得到自由的新生，要使这个民有、民治、民享的政府永世长存。亚伯拉罕.林肯

推荐第3篇：林肯演讲分析

Analyze all the sentences in this article .

Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure.We are met on a great battle field of that war.We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live.It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate—we can not consecrate—we can not hallow—this ground.The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract.The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced.It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us — that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion — that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain — that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom — and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

The first sentence is a simple sentence.In this sentence ,” “four score and seven years ago ” is a adverbial phrase as a adverbial.“our fathers”is a noun phrase as the subject.“brought fouth” is a verb phrase as the predicate verb.“on this continent” is a adverbial phrase as a adverbial.“a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal” is a noun phrase as the object.The second sentence is a simple sentence.In this sentence, “now” is a adverbial.“we” is the subject.“are engaged in” is a verb phrase as the predicate verb.“ a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure” is a noun phrase as the adverbial.The third sentence is a simple sentence.In this sentence, “we” is the subject.“are met” is a verb phrase as the predicate verb.“on a great battlefield of that war” is a preposition as a adverbial.

The fourth sentence is a simple sentence.In this sentence, “we” is the subject.“have come” is a verb phrase as the predicate verb.“to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live” is a complex clause as a adverbial .The fifth sentence is a simple sentence.In this sentence, “it” is a empty subject.“is” is linking verb as the predicate verb.“altogether fitting and proper” is a adjective phrase as the complement.“that we should do this” is the subject.

The sixth sentence is a compound sentence.In this sentence, “but in a larger sense”is a preposition phrase as a adverbial.“we” is the subject.“can not dedicate” “ can not consecrate” “can not hallow” are verb phrases as predicate verbs.“this ground” is a noun phrase as the object.The seventh sentence is a simple sentence made up of a non-finite clause “living and dead” and a finite clause “who struggled here” and a main clause.In the main clause, “the brave men” is a noun phrase as the subject.“have consecrated” is a verb phrase as the predicate verb.“it” is the object.“far above our poor power” is a preposition phrase as a objective complement.“ to add or detract” is a non-finite clause as a adverbial.The eighth sentence is a compound sentence.In this sentence, “the world” is a noun phase as the subject.“will little note nor long remember” and “can never forget” are verb phrases as predicate verbs.“what we say here” and “what we did here” are finite clauses as objects.The ninth sentence is a simple sentence consist of a non-finite clause “to be dedicated here to the unfinished work” and a finite clause “which they fought here have thus far so nobly advanced.In this sentence, “it” is the empty subject.“is” a linking verb as the predicate verb.“for us” is a preposition phrase as a complement.“the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced” is a simple clause as the subject.The tenth sentence is a compound sentence.In this sentence, “it” is a empty subject.“is rather for us to be here dedicated to” is a verb phrase as the predicate verb.“the great task remaining before us” is a noun phrase as the object.“that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion — that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain — that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom — and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.” Is a compound clause as the subject.

推荐第4篇：亚伯拉罕林肯就职演讲

亚伯拉罕林肯--连任就职演说

（1865年3月14日）

同胞们：

在这第二次宣誓就任总统时，我不必像第一次那样发表长篇演说。对于将要执行的方针稍作详尽的说明似乎是恰当而适宜的。现在，4年任期已满，对于这场仍然吸引着全国关注并占用了全国力量的重大斗争的每一重要关头和方面，这4年间已不断地发布公告，因此我没有什么新情况可以奉告。我们军队的进展是其他一切的主要依靠，公众和我一样都清楚地了解军队的情况，我深信，大家对此都是感到满意和鼓舞的。我们对未来抱有极大的希望，但却不敢作出任何预测。

4年前我就任总统时，同胞们的思想都焦急地集中在日益迫近的内战上。大家都害怕内战，都想避免内战。当我在这个地方就职演说，竭尽全力想不经过战争来拯救联邦时，叛乱分子却在这个城市里图谋不经过战争来毁灭联邦——企图以谈判方式解放邦并分割财产。双方都表示反对战争，但一方宁愿发动战争也不愿让国家生存，而一方则宁可接受战争也不肯让国家灭亡，于是战争就爆发了。

我国全部人口的八分之一是黑人奴隶，他们并不是遍布于联邦各地，而是集中在联邦南部。这些奴隶构成了一种特殊的、重大的利益。大家都知道，这种利益由于某种原因竟成了这次战争的根源。叛乱者的目的是加强，永保和扩大这种利益，为此他们不惜用战争来分裂联邦，而政府却只是宣布有权限制这种利益的地区和扩大。双方都没有料到战争竟会达到如此规模，历时如此长久。双方也没有预期冲突的根源会随着冲突本身而消除，甚至会提前消除。各方都期望赢得轻松些，期望结局不至于那么涉及根本，那么惊人。双方同读一本《圣经》，向同一个上帝祈祷，而且都乞求上帝的帮助来与对方为敌。看来十分奇怪，居然有人敢要求公正的上帝帮助他们从黑人脸上的汗水中榨取面包，但是我们且勿评论别人，以免被人评论。双方的祷告不可能都应验。也没有一方的祷告全部得到应验。全能的上帝有他自己的意旨。“这世界有祸了，因为将绊倒，绊倒人的事是免不了的，但那绊倒人的有祸了。”如果我们设想美国的奴隶制按照天意必然来到的罪恶之一，并且在上帝规定的时间内继续存在，而现在上帝要予以铲除，于是他就把这场可怕的战争作为犯罪者应受的灾难降临南北双方，那么，我们能看出其中有任何违背天意之处吗？相信上帝永存的人总是把天意归于上帝的。我们深情地期望，虔诚的祷告，这场巨大的战争灾祸能够很快地过去，但是如果上帝要它继续下去，直至奴隶们250年来无偿劳动所积聚的财富全部毁灭，或如人们在三千年前说过的，直至鞭子下流出的每一滴血都要用剑下流出的每一滴血来偿还，那么今天我们还得说：“主的审判是完全正确和公正的。”

对任何人不怀恶意，对一切人心存宽厚，坚持正义，因为上帝使我们看到了正义，让我们继续努力完成正在从事的事业，包扎好国家的创伤，关心那些肩负战争重任的人，照顾他们的遗孀孤儿，去做能在我们自己中间和与一切国家之间缔造并保持公正持久和平的一切事情。赏析

亚伯拉罕林肯在1860年就任美国总统期间，他作为新兴工业资产阶级的政治领袖，领导并平定了南部奴隶主的武装叛乱，颂布了解放奴隶的宣言，胜利地进行了一场影响学会的资产阶级革命，由于他的卓绝政绩，1864年他再次当选总统，第二年春天，他在华盛顿发表了第二次就职演说。在他的演说中，感情激烈却不逾越理智的范畴，听众一方面在情感上受感染，另一方面却不过于被情绪所牵制，这样更明确了演讲的要旨。林肯的演说能给人以力量和希望，而语言朴实无华，浅显易懂，更缩短了同人民的距离。由于它情理交融，充满了演讲者把南北战争进行到底的决心和信心，曾使站立于寒风中的听众激动得热泪盈眶。

推荐第5篇：林肯第一次演讲中文版

林肯的第一次就职演说

林肯

１８６１年３月４日，在国会广场举行的总统就职典礼上林肯发表了这篇演说。威廉·西华德是这篇演说的主要起草人之一，甚至北部民主党党魁、奴隶主的代言人史蒂芬·道格拉斯也参加了起草工作。这篇演说实际上是共和党统治集团的政策宣言，它规定了林肯政府的基本方针和政策。

演说有三个基本要点：

１、用资产阶级法制说明联邦是“永存”的，是“不可分裂”的；

２、保证联邦政府“不会以任何方式使任何地区的财产”受到威胁；

３、保证与南方奴隶主友好相处。

演说中对当时争论最激烈的问题──奴隶制的存废问题──竟不置一词。相反却大谈保证“财产”不受威胁。

早在林肯就职前一个月，即２月４日，南部六州已在亚拉巴马州蒙哥马片利城宣布脱离联邦，成立了“南部同盟”。林肯的这篇软弱无力的演说，进一步助长了这种分裂活动，终于导致了武装叛乱。

„„

南方诸州的人民似乎存在着顾虑，以为共和党执政就会使他们的财产、他们的安宁与人身安？全遭到威胁。这样的顾虑是从来没有任何正当理由的。事实上，一直摆着供他们考查的是大量相反的证据。这种证据在现在正向你们讲话的这个人的几乎一切公布的演说中都可以找到。我仅引证一次讲话，我曾声明过，“我没有直接或间接干预各州的现存奴隶制的企图。我认为我没有如此行事的法律权力，并且也不打算这样作。”

„„

现在，我要重申这些意见；并且，我这样作的目的，不过想提请公众注意这一情况的最无可置疑的证据，即现在行将执政的政府无论如何都不会使任何地区的财产、安宁与安全遭到威胁。我还要补充说，当提出合法的要求时，凡是按照宪法和法律能给予的保护，无论其原因为何，政府都将愉快地给予所有的州，不分地区，一样愉快地加以对待。

„„

我认为，根据普遍法则和宪法来看，联邦是永久的。永久性即使未经明文规定，也是包含于国家政府的一切基本法则之中的。可以确切断言，从来没有一个名副其实的政府在自己的组织法中为本身的完结作出过规定。

只要继续执行我国宪法的一切明文规定，联邦就会永存，它是不可能破坏的，除非采用了并非由此文件本身所提供的某种行动。

再者，如果说合众国不是一个名副其实的政府，而是一个仅具契约性质的各州的联合；那么，作为一种契约，难道它就能够和平地被少数订约者取消吗？契约的一方可以违反它──也就是说撕毁它；但是，要想合法地废除它，难道不需要各方同意吗？

„„我们发现，从法律上看联邦是永久性的这一论点，还为联邦本身的历史所肯定。联邦比宪法存在久得多。事实上，联邦是根据１７７４年的“联合条例”而形成的。１７７６年的《独立宣言》使联邦趋于成熟并延续下来。１７７８年的“邦联条例”使它进一步成熟起来，当时十三州全体都在条例上明确约定；联邦应该是永久的。最后，１７８７年为制定和确立宪法而公开宣布的目标之一，就是要“组成一个更加完善的联邦”。但是，如果仅仅其中一个州或一部分州就能够合法地破坏联邦的话，那么联邦就反而不及制宪前完善了，因为它失去了永久性这一重要因素。

这些观点可以说明：没有一个州能够仅仅根据自己的动议而合法地脱离联邦；由此制订的决议和法令在法律上都是无效的；在任何一个州或一些州内侵犯合众国权威的行为，是叛乱性的还是革命性的，须视情况而定。

因此，我认为，从宪法和法律的观点来说，联邦是不可分裂的；我将按照宪法本身明确责成于我的，尽我力所能及，使联邦的法律在一切州内得到忠实的执行。我认为这样作只是克尽我的职责；我将视实际之可能，履行这一职责，除非我的公正的主人──美国人民──不肯给我以必要的手段，或者以某种权威方式表示反对。我确信，这不会被认为是一种威胁，而只是联邦的公开的宗旨，即它将依照宪法保卫和维持它自己。

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国家元首的权力得自人民，人们并没有授权给他为分裂国家而规定条件。„„他的职责是管理交付给他的政府，并把它完整无缺地移交给他的后继者。

„„

我的怨忿不满的同胞们！关于内战的关键的争端是操在你们的手中，而不在我的手中。政府将不会进攻你们。只要你们不当侵犯者，你们就不会引起冲突。你们没有对天发誓要毁灭政府，而我则有“保持、保护和保卫它”的最庄严的宣誓。

我意犹未尽。我们不是敌人，而是朋友。我们决不能成为敌人。尽管情绪趋于偏激，我们感情的纽带一定不会挣断。

林肯总统第一次就职演说（1）

( 1861年3月4日)

学术交流网按：林肯是美国人民和政治家推崇的伟大人物之一，他的维护国家同意，反对分裂的主张，反对扩张奴隶制的主张尤其受到广泛赞扬。自2005年3月1日起发布林肯总统有关维护国家统

一、反对分裂的演说、信件、咨文的内容。

合众国的同胞们：按照一个和我们的政府一样古老的习惯，我现在来到诸位的面前，简单地讲几句话，并在你们的面前，遵照合众国宪法规定一个总统在他“到职视事之前”必须宣誓的仪式，在大家面前宣誓。

我认为没有必要在这里来讨论并不特别令人忧虑和不安的行政方面的问题。在南方各州人民中似乎存在着一种恐惧心理。他们认为，随着共和党政府的执政，他们的财产，他们的和平生活和人身安全都将遭到危险。这种恐惧是从来没有任何事实根据的。说实在的，大量相反的证据倒是一直存在，并随时可以供他们检查的。那种证据几乎在现在对你们讲话的这个人公开发表的每一篇演说中都能找到。这里我只想引用其中的一篇，在那篇演说中我曾说，“我完全无意，对已经存在奴隶制的各州的这一制度，进行直接或间接的干涉。我深信我根本没有合法权利那样做，而且我无此意图。”那些提名我并选举我的人都完全知道，我曾明确这么讲过，并且还讲过许多类似的话，而且从来也没有收回过我已讲过的这些话。不仅如此，他们还在纲领中，写进了对他们和对我来说，都具有法律效力的一项清楚明白、不容含糊的决议让我接受。这里我来对大家谈谈这一决议：

“决议，保持各州的各种权利不受侵犯，特别是各州完全凭自己的决断来安排和控制本州内部各种制度的权利不受侵犯，乃是我们的政治结构赖以完善和得以持久的权力均衡的至为重要的因素；我们谴责使用武装力量非法入侵任何一个州或准州的土地，这种入侵不论使用什么借口，都是最严重的罪行。”

我现在重申这些观点：而在这样做的时候，我只想提请公众注意，最能对这一点提出确切证据的那就是全国任何一个地方的财产、和平生活和人身安全决不会在任何情况下，由于即将上任的政府而遭到危险。这里我还要补充说，各州只要符合宪法和法律规定，合法地提出保护要求，政府便一定会乐于给予保护，不管是出于什么原因一一而且对任何一个地方都一视同仁

有一个争论得很多的问题是，关于逃避服务或引渡从劳役中逃走的人的问题。我现在要宣读的条文，也和任何有关其它问题的条款一样，明明白白写在宪法之中：

“凡根据一个州的法律应在该州于服务或从事劳役的人，如逃到另一州，一律不得按照这一州的法律或条例，使其解除该项服务或劳役，而必，须按照有权享有该项服务或劳役当事人的要求，将其引渡。” 毫无疑问，按照制订这一条款的人的意图，此项规定实际指的就是，对我们所说的逃亡奴隶有权索回；而法律制订人的这一意图实际已成为法律。国会的所有议员都曾宣誓遵守宪法中的一切条款——对这一条和其它各条并无两样。因此，关于适合这一条款规定的奴隶应“将其引渡”这一点，他们的誓言是完全一致的。那么现在如果他们心平气和地作一番努力，他们难道不能以几乎同样完全一致的誓言，制订一项法律，以使他们的共同誓言得以实施吗？

究竟这一条款应该由国家当局，还是由州当局来执行，大家的意见还不完全一致；但可以肯定地说，这种分歧并不是什么十分重要的问题。只要奴隶能被交还，那究竟由哪一个当局来交还，对奴隶或对别的人来说，没有什么关系。任何人，在任何情况下，也决不会因为应以何种方式来实。现他的誓言这样一个无关紧要的争执，他便会认为完全可以不遵守自己的誓言吧？

另外，在任何有关这一问题的法律中，应不应该把文明和人道法学中关于自由的各项保证都写上，以防止在任何情况下使一个自由人被作为奴隶交出吗？同时，宪法中还有一条规定，明确保证“每一州的公民都享有其它各州公民所享有公民的一切特权和豁免权”，我们用法律保证使这一条文得以执行，那不是更好吗？

我今天在这里正式宣誓，思想上决无任何保留，也决无意以任何过于挑剔的标准来解释宪法或法律条文。我现在虽不打算详细指出国会的哪些法令必须要遵照执行；但我建议，我们大家，不论以个人身份还是以公职人员的身份，为了有更多的安全，我们最好服从并遵守现在还没有废除的一切法令，而不要轻易相信可以指之为不合宪法，便可以逃脱罪责，而对它们公然违反。

自从第一任总统根据国家宪法宣誓就职以来，七十二年已经过去了。在这期间，十五位十分杰出的公民相继主持过政府的行政部门。他们引导着它度过了许多艰难险阻；一般都获得极大的成功。然而，尽管有这么多可供参考的先例，我现在将在宪法所规定的短短四年任期中来担任这同一任务，却．面临着巨大的非同一般的困难。在此以前，分裂联邦只是受到了威胁，而现在却是已出现力图分裂它的可怕行动了。

从一般法律和我们的宪法来仔细考虑，我坚信，我们各州组成的联邦是永久性的。在一切国民政府的根本大法中永久性这一点，虽不一定写明，却是不言而喻的。我们完全可以肯定说，没有一个名副其实的政府会在自己的根本法中定出一条，规定自己完结的期限。继续执行我国宪法所明文规定的各项条文，联邦便将永远存在下去——除了采取并未见之于宪法的行动，谁也不可能毁灭掉联邦。

还有，就算合众国并不是个名副其实的政府，而只是依靠契约成立的一个各州的联合体，那既有契约的约束，若非参加这一契约的各方一致同意，我们能说取消就把它取消吗？参加订立契约的一方可以违约，或者说毁约；但如果合法地取消这一契约，岂能不需要大家一致同意吗？

从这些总原则出发，我们发现，从法学观点来看，联邦具有永久性质的提法，是为联邦自身的历史所证实的。联邦本身比宪法更为早得多。事实上，它是由1774年，签订的《联合条款》建立的。到1776年的《独立宣言》才使它进一步成熟和延续下来。然后，通过1778年的“邦联条款”使它更臻成熟，当时参加的十三个州便已明确保证要使邦联永久存在下去。最后，到1787年制订的宪法公开宣布的目的之一，便是“组建一个更为完美的联邦”。

但是，如果任何一个州，或几个州也可以合法地把联邦给取消掉，加这个联邦可是比它在宪法制订以前还更不完美了，因为它已失去了它的一个至关重要因素——永久性。

从这些观点我们可以认定，任何一个州，都不可能仅凭自己动议，便能合法地退出联邦——而任何以此为目的的决议和法令在法律上都是无效的；至于任何一州或几州的反对合众国当局的暴力行为，都可以依据具体情况视为叛乱或革命行为。

因此我认为，从宪法和法律的角度来看，联邦是不容分裂的；我也将竭尽全力，按照宪法明确赋于我的责任，坚决负责让联邦的一切法令在所有各州得以贯彻执行。这样做，我认为只是履行我应负的简单职责；只要是可行的，我就一定要履行它，除非我的合法的主人美国人民，收回赋予我的不可缺少的工具，或行使他们的权威，命令我采取相反的行动。我相信我这话决不会被看成是一种恫吓，而只会被看作实现联邦已公开宣布的目的，它必将按照宪法保卫和维持它自己的存在。

要做到这一点并不需要流血或使用暴力，除非有人把它强。加于国家当局，否则便决不会发生那种情况。赋予我的权力将被用来保持、占有和掌管属于政府的一切财产和土地。征收各种税款和关税；但除开为了这些目的确有必要这外，决不会有什么入侵问题——决不会在任何地方对人民，或在人民之间使用武力。任何内地，即使对联邦政府的敌对情绪已十分严重和普遍，以致妨害有能力的当地公民执行联邦职务的时候，政府也决不会强制派进令人厌恶的外来人去担任这些职务。尽管按严格的法律规定，政府有权强制履行这些职责，但一定要那样做，必然非常使人不愉快，也几乎不切实际，所以我认为最好还是暂时先把这些职责放一放。

邮政，除非遭到拒收，仍将在联邦全境运作。在可能的情况下，一定要让各地人民，都享有完善的安全感，这十分有利于冷静思索和反思。我在这里所讲的这些方针必将奉行，除非当前事态和实际经验表明修改或改变方针是合适的。对任何一个事件和紧急问题，我一定会根据当时出现的具体形势谨慎从事，期望以和平手段解决国内纠纷，力图恢复兄弟爱手足情。

至于说某些地方总有些人不顾一切一心想破坏联邦，并不惜以任何借口图谋不轨，我不打算肯定或否定；如果确有这样一些人，我不必要再对他们讲什么。但对那些真正热爱联邦的人，我不可以讲几句吗？

在我们着手研究如此严重的一件事情之前，那就是要把我们的国家组织连同它的一切利益，一切记忆和一切希望全给消灭掉，难道明智的做法不是先仔细研究一下那样做究竟是为了什么？当事实上极有可能你企图逃避的祸害并不存在的时候，你还会不顾一切采取那种贻害无穷的步骤吗？或者你要逃避的灾祸虽确实存在，而在你逃往的地方却有更大的灾祸在等着你；那你会往那里逃吗？你会冒险犯下如此可怕的一个错误吗？

大家都说，如果宪法中所规定的一切权利都确实得到执行，那他也就会留在联邦里。那么，真有什么如宪法申明文规定的权利被否定了吗？我想没有。很幸运，人的头脑是这样构造出来的，没有一个党敢于如此冒天下之大不韪。如果可能，请你们讲出哪怕是一个例子来，说明有什么宪法中明文规定的条款是没有得到执行的。如果多数派完全靠人数上的优势，剥夺掉少数派宪法上明文规定的权利，这件事从道义的角度来看，也许可以说革命是正当的——如果被剥夺的是极为重要的权利，那革命就肯定无疑是合理行动。但我们的情况却并非如此。少数派和个人的一切重要权利，在宪法中，通过肯定和否定、保证和禁令；都一一向他们作了明确保证，以致关于这类问题，从来也没有引起过争论。但是，在制订基本法时却不可能对实际工作中出现的任何问题，都一一写下可以立即加以应用的条文。再高明的预见也不可能料定未来的一切，任何长度适当的文件也不可能包容下针对一切可能发生的问题的条文。逃避劳役的人到底应该由联邦政府交还还是由州政府交还呢？宪法上没有具体规定。国会可以在准州禁止奴隶制吗？宪法没有具体规定。国会必须保护准州的奴隶制吗？宪法也没有具体规定。

从这类问题中引出了我们对宪法问题的争端，并因这类问题使我们分成了多数派和少数派。如果少数派不肯默认，多数派便必须默认，否则政府便只好停止工作了。再没有任何别的路可走；要让政府继续行使职权，便必须要这一方或那一方默认。在这种情况下，如果一个少数派宁可脱离也决不默认，那他们也就开创将来必会使他们分裂和毁灭的先例；因为，当多数派拒绝接受这样一个少数派的控制的时候，他们中的少数派便必会从他们之中再脱离出去。比如说，一个新的联盟的任何一部分，在一两年之后，为什么就不会像现在的联邦中的一些部分坚决要脱离出去一样，执意要从那个新联盟中脱离出去。所有怀着分裂联邦思想的人现在都正接受着分裂思想的教育。难道要组成一个新联邦的州，它们的利益竟会是那样完全一致，它们只会有和谐，而不会再出现脱离行动吗？

非常清楚，脱离的中心思想实质就是无政府主义。一个受着宪法的检查和限制的约束，总是随着大众意见和情绪的慎重变化而及时改变的多数派，是自由人民的唯一真正的统治者。谁要想排斥他们，便必然走向无政府主义或专制主义。完全一致是根本不可能的；把少数派的统治作为一种长期安排是完全不能接受的，所以，一旦排斥了多数原则，剩下的便只有某种形式的无政府主义或某专制主义了。

我没有忘记某些人的说法，认为宪法问题应该由最高法院来裁决。我也不否认这种裁决，在任何情况下，对诉讼各万，以及诉讼目的，完全具有约束力，而且在类似的情况中，—应受到政府的一切其它部门高度的尊重和重视。尽管非常明显，这类裁决在某一特定案例中都很可能会是错误的，然而，这样随之而来的恶果总只限于该特定案件，同时裁决还有机会被驳回，不致成为以后判案的先例，那这种过失比起其它的过失来当然更让人容易忍受。同时，正直的公民必须承认，如果政府在有关全体人民利害的重大问题的政策，都得由最高法院的裁决，作出决定那一旦对个人之间的一般诉讼作出裁决时，人民便已不再是自己的主人，而达到了将他们的政府交给那个高于一切的法庭的地步了。我这样说，决无意对法院或法官表示不满。一件案子按正常程序送到他们面前，对它作出正当裁决，是他们的不可推卸的责任；如果别的人硬要把他们的判决用来达到政治目的，那并不是他们的过错。

我国有一部分人相信奴隶制是正确的。应该扩展，而另一部分人又相信它是错误的，不应该扩展。这是唯一的实质性的争执，宪法中有关逃亡奴隶的条款，以及制止对外奴隶贸易的法律，在一个人民的道德观念并不支持该法的，社会里，它们的执行情况也许不次于任何一项法律所能达到的程度。在两种情况下，绝大多数的人都遵守枯燥乏味的法律义务，但又都有少数人不听那一套。关于这一点，我想，要彻底解决是根本不可能的；如果寸巴两个地区分离。以后，情况只会更坏。对外奴隶贸易现在并未能完全加以禁止，最后在一个地区中必将全面恢复；对于逃亡奴隶，在另一个地区，现在送回的只是一部分，将来会完全不肯交出来了。

就自然条件而言，我们是不能分离的。我们决不能把我们的各个地区相互搬开，也不可能在它们之间修建起一道无法逾越的高墙。一对夫妻可以离婚，各走各的路，彼此再不见面。但我们国家的各部分可无法这么办。它们只能面对面相处，友好也罢。仇视也罢，他们仍必须彼此交往。我们维道能有任何办法使得这种交往在分离之后，比分离：之前更为有利，更为令，人满意吗？难道在外人之间订立条约，比在朋友之间制订法律还更为容易吗？难道在外人之间履行条约，比在朋友之间按法律办事还更忠实吗？就算你们决定。诉诸战争，你们，总不能永远打下去吧；最后当两败俱伤而双方都一无所获时，你们停止战斗，那时依照什么条件相互交往，这同一个老问题仍会照样摆在你们面前了。

这个国家，连同它的各种机构，都属于居住在这里的人民。任何时候，他们对现存政府感到厌倦了，他们可以行使他们的宪法权利，改革这个政府，或者行使他们的革命权利解散它或者推翻它。我当然知道，现在就有许多尊贵的、爱国的公民极于想修订我们的宪法。尽管我自己不会那么建议，我却也完全承认他们在这个问题上的合法权利，承认他们可以按照宪法所规定的两种方式中的任何一种来行使这种权利；而且，在目前情况下，我不但不反对，而倒是赞成给人民一个公正的机会让他们去行动。

我还不禁要补充一点，在我看来，采取举行会议的方式似乎更好一些，这样可以使修订方案完全由人民自己提出，而不是只让他们去接受或拒绝一些并非特别为此目的而选出的一些人提出的方案，因为也可能那些方案恰恰并不是他们愿意接受或拒绝的。我了解到现在已有人提出一项宪法修正案——这修正案我并没有看到，但在国会中已经通过了，大意说，联邦政府将永远不再干涉各州内部制度，包括那些应服劳役者的问题。为了使我讲的话不致被误解，我现在改变我不谈具体修正案的原来的打算，明确声明，这样一个条款，既然现在可能列入宪法，我不反对使它成为明确而不可改动的条文。

合众国总统的一切权威都来之于人民，人民并没有授于他规定条件让各州脱离出去的权力。人民自己如果要那样干，那自然也是可以的；可是现在的行政当局不能这样做。他的职责，是按照他接任时的样子管理这个政府，然后，毫无损伤地再移交给他的继任者。

我们为什么不能耐心地坚决相信人民的最终的公道呢？难道在整个世界上还有什么更好的，或与之相等的希望吗？在我们今天的分歧中，难道双方不都是认为自己正确吗？如果万国的全能统治者，以他的永恒的真理和公正，站在你们北方一边，或你们南方一边，那么，依照美国人民这一伟大法官的判决，真理和公正必将胜利。

按照目前我们生活其下的现政府的构架，我国人民十分明智；授于他们的公仆的胡作非为的权力是微乎其微的；而且同样还十分明智地规定，即使那点微乎其微的权力，经过很短一段时间后，就必须收回到他们自己手中。

由于人民保持他们的纯正和警惕，任何行政当局，在短短的四年之中，也不可能用极其恶劣或愚蠢的行为对这个政府造成严重的损害。

我的同胞们，请大家对这整个问题平心静气地好好想一想，真正有价值的东西是不会因从容从事而丧失的。如果有个什么目标使你迫不及待地要取得它，你采取的步骤是在审慎考虑的情况下不会采取的，那个目标的确可能会由于你的从容不迫而达不到；但一个真正好的自标是不会因为从容从事而失去的。你们中现在感到不满的人，仍然必须遵守原封未动的老宪法，新个敏感的问题上，仍然有根据宪法制订的法律；而对此二者，新政府即使想要加以改变，它自身也立即无此权力。即使承认你们那些心怀不满的人在这一争执中站在正确的一边，那也丝毫没有正当的理由要采取贸然行动。明智、爱国主义、基督教精神，以及对从未抛弃过这片得天独厚的土地的上帝的依赖，仍然完全能够以最理想的方式来解决我们当前的一切困难。

决定内战这个重大问题的是你们，我的心怀不满的同胞们，而并非决定于我。政府决不会攻击你们。只要你们自己不当侵略者，就不会发生冲突。你们并没有对天发誓必须毁灭这个政府，而我却曾无比庄严地宣誓，一定要“保持、保护和保卫”这个政府。

我真不想就此结束我的讲话，我们不是敌人，而是朋友。我们决不能成为敌人。尽管目前的情绪有些紧张，但决不能容许它使我们之间的亲密情感纽带破裂。回忆的神秘琴弦，在整个这片辽阔的土地上，从每一个战场，每一个爱国志士的坟墓，延伸到每一颗跳动的心和每一个家庭，它有一天会被我们的良知所触动，再次奏出联邦合唱曲。

推荐第6篇：林肯第二次就职演讲

在我现在第二次来到这里宣誓就任总统职位的时候，就不十分必要像第一次就职时那样作长篇演说了。那时，一篇关于我将采取的方针的比较详尽的说明，似乎是比较合适和理所当然的。可是现在，四年任期刚刚结束，在这期间，关于那至今仍吸引着举国上下的注意，消耗着全民的精力的巨大斗争的各个阶段的任何一个细节，随时都有公告发奉，现在也实在再没有多少新东西可讲了。关于我们的军事进展情况——它是其它一切的主要依靠所在——，公众也了解得和我本人一样清楚；而且我相信对所有的人来说都是相当满意和令人鼓舞的。既

然对未来充满了希望，那么在这里也就无意冒昧作出预测了。

也正是在四年之前我就任总统的那一场合，所有的人都在为即将来临的内战惴惴不安。所有的人都害怕内战——都竭力想避免内战发生。而当我在这里发表就职演说，决定不惜采用一切力量，但不用战争，拯救联邦的时候，叛乱分子的代理人却在全城到处活动，力求不用战争摧毁联邦——力求通过谈判瓦解联邦，分裂国家。——双方都声称反对战争；但可是他们中的一方却宁愿发动战争也不让这个国家生存下去；另一方也则宁可接受战争也不能眼看着

国家灭亡。于是战争便打起来了。

在全国人口中有八分之一是黑人奴隶，他们并非遍布在全国各地，而是大部分集中在我国南方。这些黑人构成一个特殊强有力的权益。大家都知道这权益是导致战争的原因。为了达到加强、永久化保持和扩大这个权益的目的，叛乱分子甚至不惜通过战争瓦解联邦；而政府方面，只不过是要求有权限制奴隶制扩大其地域。双方谁也没有料想到，战争竟会达到现在已出现了这种规模，或持续这么久。双方谁也不曾料到，冲突的缘由可能会随着冲突的结束而结束，或甚至在冲突本身结束之前，便已终止；每一方都寻求能比较轻易地获得胜利，战争的结果也不那么带有根本性和惊人。双方都读着同一部《圣经》，祈祷于同一个上帝；每一方都求上帝帮助他们一方，而反对另一方。这看来也许有些不可思议，怎么可能有人公然敢于祈求公正的上帝帮助他从别人的血汗中榨取面包；不过，我们且不要论断别人，以免自己遭到论断吧。双方的祈祷都不可能得到回应；任何一方的祈祷也没有得到充分的回应。全能的上帝另有他自己的目标。“由于种种罪过，世界受难了!因为这些罪过是不可避免的；但是，让那引来罪过的人去受罪吧。”*如果我们假定美国的奴隶制是这里所说的罪恶之一，它按上帝的意旨是不可避免的，而现在在经过了上帝规定的时限之后，他决心要消灭它，再假定上帝使得南北双方进行了这场可怕的战争，以作为那些犯下罪过的人应该遭受到的苦难，那么我们从中能看出有什么地方有悖于信仰上帝的信徒们总是赋于永远存在的上帝的那种神性吗?我们衷心地希望——热情地祈祷——但愿这可怕的战争灾祸能迅速过去。然而，如果上帝一定要让它继续下去，一直到奴隶们通过二百五十年的无偿劳动所堆积起来的财富烟消云散，一直到，如三千年前人们所说的那样，用鞭子抽出的每一滴血都要用刀剑刺出的另一滴血来偿还，而到那时，我们也仍然得说，“主的审判是完全公正无误的”。** 我们对任何人也不怀恶意，我们对所有的人都宽大为怀，坚持正义；上帝既使我们认识正义，让我们继续努力向前，完成我们正在进行的事业；包扎起国家的创伤，关心那些为战争作出牺牲的人，关心他们的遗孀和孤儿——尽一切力量，以求在我们自己之间，以及我们和所有

的国家之间实现并维护一个公正和持久的和平。篇2：林肯第二次就职演讲(英文) at this second appearing to take the oath of the presidential office there is le occasion for an extended addre than there was at the first.then a statement somewhat in detail of a course to be pursued seemed fitting and proper.now, at the expiration of four years, during which public declarations have been constantly called forth on every point and phase of his great contest which still absorbs the attention and engroes the energies of the nation, little that is new could be presented.the progre of our arms, upon which all else chiefly depends, is as well known to the public as to myself, and it is, i trust, reasonably satisfactory and encouraging to all.with high hope for the future, no prediction in regard to it is ventured. away? yet, if god wills that it continue until all the wealth piled by the bondsmans two hundred and fifty years of unrequited toil shall be sunk, and until every drop of blood drawn with the lash shall be paid by another drawn with the sword, as was said three thousand years ago so still it must be said the judgments of the lord are true and righteous altogether. with malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmne in the right as god gives us to see the might, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nations wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and his orphan, to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations.篇3：林肯第二次就职演讲 second inaugural addre by abraham lincoln march 4, 1865 fellow-countrymen: at this second appearing to take the oath of the presidential office there is le occasion for an extended addre than there was at the first.then a statement somewhat in detail of a course to be pursued seemed fitting and proper.now, at the expiration of four years, during which public declarations have been constantly called forth on every point and phase of his great contest which still absorbs the attention and engroes the energies of the nation, little that is new could be presented.the progre of our arms, upon which all else chiefly depends, is as well known to the public as to myself, and it is, i trust, reasonably satisfactory and encouraging to all.with high hope for the future, no prediction in regard to it is ventured. on the occasion corresponding to this four years ago all thoughts were anxiously directed to an impending civil war.all dreaded it; all sought to avert it.while the inaugural addre was being delivered from this place, devoted altogether to saving teing delivered from thisurgent agents were in the city seeking to destroy it without war-seeking to diolve the union and divide effects by negotiation.both parties deprecated war, but one of them would make war rather than let the nation survive, and the other would accept war rather than let it perish, and the war came.one-eighth of the whole population were colored slaves, not distributed generally over the union, but localized in the southern part of it.their slaves constituted a peculiar and powerful interest. all knew that this interest was somehow the cause of the war.to strengthen, perpetuate, and extend this interest was the object for which the insurgents would rend the union even by war, while the government claimed no right to do more than to restrict the territorial enlargement of it.neither party expected for the war the magnitude or the duration, which it has already attained.neither anticipated that the cause of the conflict might cease with or even before the conflict itself should cease.each looked for an easier triumph, and a result le fundamental and astounding.both read the same bible and pray to the same god, and each invokes his aid against the other. which the believers in a living god always ascribe to him? fondly do we hope, fervently do we pray that this mighty scourge of war may speedily pa away? yet, if god wills that it continue until all the wealth piled by the bondsmans two hundred and fifty years of unrequited toil shall be sunk, and until every drop of blood drawn with the lash shall be paid by another drawn with the sword, as was said three thousand years ago so still it must be said the judgments of the lord are true and righteous altogether. with malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmne in the right as god gives us to see the might, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nations wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and his orphan, to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations. 林肯第二次就职演说

（1865年3月4日）一八年当林肯再度当选连任总统职位时，美国仍为内战所分裂。当时战争的结果仍不能确定，而林肯的再度当选，成为北方人民决心作战到底争取最后胜利的一个令人振奋的表现。一八六五年三月四日当林肯宣誓就职时，局势清楚显示北方即将战胜，战争行将结束。在这篇就职演讲词中，林肯致力于讨论战后美国人民将面临的重大课题。林肯希望避免一切过错与惩罚的问题。当他准备实施这项政策时，一个刺客的枪弹葬送了他的崇高理想。

各位同胞：

四年前在与此同一场合里，所有的人都焦虑地注意一场即将来临的内战。大家害怕它，想尽了方法去避免它。当时我正在这里作就职演说，竭尽全力想不用战争方法而能保存联邦，然而本城的反叛分子的代理人却没法不用战争而破坏联邦——他们力图瓦解联邦，并以谈判的方法来分割联邦。双方都声称反对战争，可是有一方宁愿打仗而不愿让国家生存，另一方则宁可接受这场战争，而不愿国家灭亡，于是战争就来临了。我们全国人口的八分之一是黑奴，他们并非遍布整个联邦，而是局部地分布于南方。这些奴隶构成了一种特殊而重大的权益。大家知道这种权益可说是这场战争的原因。为了加强、保持及扩大这种权益，反叛分子会不惜以战争来分裂联邦，而政府只不过要限制这种权益所在地区的扩张。当初，任何一方都没有想到这场战争会发展到目前那么大的范围，持续那么长的时间。也没有料到冲突的原因会随冲突本身的终止而终止，甚至会在冲突本身终止以前

而终止。双方都在寻求一个较轻易的胜利，都没有期望获致带根本性的和惊人的结果。双方念诵同样的圣经，祈祷于同一个上帝，甚至于每一方都求助同一上帝的援助以反对另一方，人们竟敢求助于上帝，来夺取他人以血汗得来的面包，这看来是很奇怪的。可是我们不要判断人家，免得别人判断我们。

我们双方的祈祷都不能够如愿，而且断没全部如愿以偿。上苍自有他自己的目标。由于罪恶而世界受苦难，因为罪恶总是要来的；然而那个作恶的人，要受苦难」假使我们以为美国的奴隶制度是这种罪恶之一，而这些罪恶按上帝的意志在所不免，但既经持续了他所指定的一段时间，他现在便要消除这些罪恶；假使我们认为上帝把这场惨烈的战争加在南北双方的头上，作为对那些招致罪恶的人的责罚，难道我们可以认为这件事有悖于虔奉上帝的信徒们所归诸上帝的那些圣德吗? 我们天真地希望着，我们热忱地祈祷着，希望这战争的重罚可以很快地过去。可是，假使上帝要让战争再继续下去，直到二百五十年来奴隶无偿劳动所积聚的财富化为乌有，并像三千年前所说的那样，等到鞭笞所流的每一滴血，被刀剑之下所流的每一滴血所抵消，那么我们仍然只能说，「主的裁判是完全正确而且公道的。」

我们对任何人都不怀恶意，我们对任何人都抱好感，上帝让我们看到正确的事，我们就坚定地信那正确的事，让我们继续奋斗，以完成我们正在进行的工作，去治疗国家的创伤，去照顾艰苦作战的志士和他的孤儿遗孀，尽力实现并维护在我们自己之间和我国与各国之间的公正和持久的和平。篇4：林肯第二次就职演说

林肯第二次就职演说 second inaugural addre by abraham lincoln march 4, 1865 fellow-countrymen: at this second appearing to take the oath of the presidential office there is le occasion for an extended addre than there was at the first.then a statement somewhat in detail of a course to be pursued seemed fitting and proper.now, at the expiration of four years, during which public declarations have been constantly called forth on every point and phase of his great contest which still absorbs the attention and engroes the energies of the nation, little that is new could be presented.the progre of our arms, upon which all else chiefly depends, is as well known to the public as to myself, and it is, i trust, reasonably satisfactory and encouraging to all.with high hope for the future, no prediction in regard to it is ventured. on the occasion corresponding to this four years ago all thoughts were anxiously directed to an impending civil war.all dreaded it; all sought to avert it.while the inaugural addre was being delivered from this place, devoted altogether to saving teing delivered from thisurgent agents were in the city seeking to destroy it without war-seeking to diolve the union and divide effects by negotiation.both parties deprecated war, but one of them would make war rather than let the nation survive, and the other would accept war rather than let it perish, and the war came.one-eighth of the whole population were colored slaves, not distributed generally over the union, but localized in the southern p art of it.their slaves constituted a peculiar and powerful interest. all knew that this interest was somehow the cause of the war.to strengthen, perpetuate, and extend this interest was the object for which the insurgents would rend the union even by war, while the government claimed no right to do more than to restrict the territorial enlargement of it.neither party expected for the war the magnitude or the duration, which it has already attained.neither anticipated that the cause of the conflict might cease with or even before the conflict itself should cease.each looked for an easier triumph, and a result le fundamental and astounding.both read the same bible and pray to the same god, and each invokes his aid against the other. fondly do we hope, fervently do we pray that thi——ighty scourge of war may speedily pa away? yet, if god wills that it continue until all the wealth piled by the bondsmans two hundred and fifty years of unrequited toil shall be sunk, and until every drop of blood drawn with the lash shall be paid by another drawn with the sword, as was said three thousand years ago so still it must be said the judgments of the lord are true and righteous altogether. with malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmne in the right as god gives us to see the might, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nations wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and his orphan, to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations. 林肯第二次就职演说

（1865年3月4日）一八88年当林肯再度当选连任总统职位时，美国仍为内战所分裂。当时战争的结果仍不能确定，而林肯的再度当选，成为北方人民决心作战到底争取最后胜利的一个令人振奋的表现。一八六五年三月四日当林肯宣誓就职时，局势清楚显示北方即将战胜，战争行将结束。在这篇就职演讲词中，林肯致力于讨论战后美国人民将面临的重大课题。林肯希望避免一切过错与惩罚的问题。当他准备实施这项政策时，一个刺客的枪弹葬送了他的崇高理想。

各位同胞：

们也就用不着在这一方面作什么预言了。

我们对任何人都不怀恶意，我们对任何人都抱好感，上帝让我们看到正确的事，我们就坚定地信那正确的事，让我们继续奋斗，以完成我们正在进行的工作，去治疗国家的创伤，去照顾艰苦作战的志士和他的孤儿遗孀，尽力实现并维护在我们自己之间和我国与各国之间的公正和持久的和平。篇5：林肯就职演讲 the gettysburg addre gettysburg, pennsylvania november 19, 1863 fourscore and seven years ago,our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new nation,conceived and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. but, in a larger sense,we can not dedicate,we can not consecrate,we can not hallow this ground.the brave men,living and dead,have consecrated it far above our power to add or detract.the world will little note what we say here,but it can never forget what they did here.it is for us,the living,rather to be dedicated to the great task remaining before us,that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion,that the nation shall have a new birth of freedom,that the goverment of the people by the people and for the people shall not perish from the earth. 主讲：亚伯拉罕·林肯

时间：1863年11月19日

地点：美国，宾夕法尼亚，葛底斯堡

八十七年前，我们先辈在这个大陆上创立了一个新国家，它孕育于自由之中，奉行一切人生来平等的原则。

我们正从事一场伟大的内战，以考验这个国家，或者任何一个孕育于自由和奉行上述原则的国家是否能够长久存在下去。我们在这场战争中的一个伟大战场上集会。烈士们为使这个国家能够生存下去而献出了自己的生命，我们来到这里，是要把这个战场的一部分奉献给他们作为最后安息之所。我们这样做是完全应该而且非常恰当的。

推荐第7篇：林肯就职演讲（定稿）

一根根不可思议的回忆之弦，从每个战场和每个爱国志士的坟墓，伸展到这片辽阔土地上每一颗充满活力的心房和每一个家庭，只要我们本性中的善念再度，而且一定会，加以拨动，它们终会重新奏出响亮的联邦协奏曲。

在1860年的总统选举中，民主党内的南北分裂，为林肯和共和党的胜利扫清了道路。虽然林肯被挑选出来作候选人，部分是由于他有温和主义者的名声，但是南方人还是警告说，如果林肯获胜，他们将脱离联邦。无论在南方还是北方，林肯的当选都被看作是对奴隶制和奴隶主政治权力的排斥。就在林肯当选之后，美国七个州(南卡罗来纳、密西西比、佛罗里达、亚拉巴马、乔治亚、路易斯安那、得克萨斯)脱离了联邦，并于1861年2月4日，在亚拉巴马州的蒙哥马利组成美国南部邦联。几周后，国会提出了一项在美国禁止奴隶制的宪法修正案。(这项修正案于1865年被批准为第十三修正案。)

1861年3月4日，林肯在华盛顿特区国会大厦前的台阶上宣誓就职时，向处于分裂和内战边沿的国民发表演说。他呼吁理智和冷静。他的演说是为维护联邦和避免战争所作的最后一次努力。不过，林肯明确表示，联邦将保卫自己，脱离联邦是不合法的，以暴力反对联邦政府将被看作是叛乱。林肯的祈求没有人听。南方邦联的军队于1861年4月12日炮击南卡罗来纳州查尔斯顿的萨姆特堡，内战由此开始。在萨姆特堡陷落之后，维吉尼亚州、阿肯色州、北卡罗来纳州和田纳西州都加入了美国南部邦联。

„„在南方各州的人民中似乎存在着一种忧虑，即由共和党执政，他们的财产、安定的生活和个人安全将会遭到危险。这种忧虑从来就没有任何理由。说实在的，无须忧虑的最充足的证据一直都是客观存在的，而且公开接受他们检查。这可以在这位现在向你们致辞的人的几乎所有发表过的演讲里找到。我现在仅引用那些演说辞中的一篇来声明：

我无意直接或间接地在有蓄奴制的州里干预蓄奴制度。我相信我没有这样做的合法权利，而且我也没有这样做的意愿。„„

自从一位总统依照国家宪法第一次就职以来已经过了72年。72年里，15位出类拔萃的公民相继管理了这个政府的行政部门。他们领导这个政府经历了许多危险，而且一般都取得很大成功。可是。尽管有这种先例，我却是在巨大而特别困难的情况下，担负起同样的任务，履行短暂的四年总统任期。分裂联邦，以前还只是一种威胁，现在却已变成令人生畏的行动。

考虑到一般的法律和我们的宪法，我认为这些州所组成的联邦是永久性的。在所有国家政府的基本大法中，即使没有明文规定其永久性，也总是含有此意的。我们可以断言，没有一个正式政府曾经在其组织法中，规定一个使自己寿终正寝的条款。只要我们继续执行国家宪法中所有的明文规定，这个联邦就会永久存在，——除非采取宪法法规以外的某种行动，我们是无法摧毁联邦的。

再说，即使合众国不是一个正式的政府，而仅是各州之间一种契约性的组合，那麽，作为一份契约，难道就可以由少数人而不是全体订约人，不经争执，心

安理得地予以取消吗?契约的一方可以违反它——或者说是破坏它，但难道不需要通过全体订约人就能合法地解除它吗?„„

从这些观点可以推定，任何州均不得仅由自己动议，即可合法脱离联邦；有关这方面的决议和法令在法律上都是无效的；对于任何一州或数州境内反抗美国政府的暴动，应依据情况来确定其为叛乱还是革命。

因此，我认为依照宪法与法律，联邦是不可分裂的；我将尽我所能，务使联邦法律在所有各州得到忠实贯彻，这是宪法本身明文规定责成我这样做的。我认为这样做仅是我本身的一种责任；而且我将在可行的范围内去履行这责任，除非我的合法主人，即美国人民，制止使用这些必要的手段，或者通过某种权威性方式，作出相反的指示。我相信这种说法应该不会被认为是一种威胁，而只是把它看作是联邦所明确宣布的目标，即它要依照宪法保护和维系自身。

要这样做，就必须没有流血和暴力发生，而且只要不是强加于国家权威头上的，哪怕有一点都不行。所赋予我的权力将用来保存、占领和掌握属于政府的财产和地盘，并征集税收和关税，但是，超出为达到这些目标所必需的手段，就不能去侵犯任何地方的人民，不能使用武力反对任何地方的人民，或在任何地方的人民中使用武力„„

据说在这个或那个地区里，有一些人千方百计地企图摧毁联邦，甚至不惜利用一切借口非达此目的不可。对此，我不加肯定也不给予否定。但若事情果真如此，我无须对这帮人致辞。可是，对于那些真正热爱联邦的人们，我难道能够缄默不言吗?

在事情还没严重到破坏我们的国家组织，连同它的一切利益，全部历史和所有希望之前，把我们这样做的意图准确地弄清楚，难道不是明智的吗?如果你们要躲避的灾难可能实际上并不存在，在这种情况下，你们难道还要铤而走险吗?如果你即将遇到的灾难比你们想逃避的所有实际的灾难更为深重，难道你们还要冒险赴难，铸成可怕的错误吗?

如果宪法规定的一切权利能够得到维护，则人人都会以身在联邦而感到满足的。那麽，宪法里明文规定的权利究竟有哪一项真的被否定了?我认为没有„„

迄今还不曾有过一部根本大法，对于一切实际行政管理中可能出现的任何问题都有专门条款来规范；没有先知可以预见会发生什麽，也没有任何繁简适度的文件所明文规定的条款足以应付一切可能发生的问题。联邦和州政府要交出逃亡的奴隶吗?宪法中没有明文规定。国会可以在准州地区禁止奴隶制度吗?宪法里没有明文规定。国会必须在准州地区维护奴隶制度吗？宪法也没有明文规定。

就从这类问题中触发出我们一切有关宪法的争论，我们可把争论者分为多数派和少数派。即使少数派不愿支持政府，多数派也必须支持，否则政府就必须停止工作。其它的替代办法是没有的；要使政府继续存在下去，必须得有一方的支持。在这种情况下，如果有一个少数派不支持政府而要脱离联邦，那麽他们

就开了一个先例，这必然会导致他们内部分裂并毁了他们，因为他们自己内部的多数派拒受这种少数派控制时，这个少数派又会脱离他们。举例来说，正如目前联邦中的一些州宣布脱离联邦那样，一两年后南部新邦联中的一部分难道就不会蛮横地再行脱离吗?一切醉心于分裂的人们目前所接受的正是这种思想。

在这些要组成新联邦的州之间，难道真的具有完全一致的利益，足以使彼此和睦共处，并避免重新分裂吗?

显然，脱离联邦的核心思想正是无政府状态的实质所在。一个被宪法的强制力和规范所约束，并能顺应公众舆论和公众感情的审慎的变化而变化的多数派，才是自由人民唯一真正的治理者。谁否认它，谁就必然走向无政府或专制。完全一致是不可能的。少数人的统治，作为一项永久性的安排，是完全不能接受的。因此，如果否认多数原则，剩下来的仅有某种形式的无政府状态或专制而已„„

我国有一部分人相信奴隶制是对的，应当予以延续，而另外一部分人则相信它是错的，不应予以延续。这是唯一的实质性争执„„

从地理环境上说，我们是无法分离的。我们不能把各地区从彼此的位置上挪开，也不能在它们之间筑起不可逾越的城墙。夫妻可以离婚，以后彼此不相见，也无法找到对方，但是，我国的不同地区之间不能这麽做。它们不得不面面相对，彼此往来，不管是友好的还是敌对的，这情形一定会在它们之间继续下去。那麽，分裂以后是否有可能使彼此来往比以前更有利或者更令人满意呢?与外人签约会比与朋友共订法律更容易吗?条约在异邦人之间会比法律在朋友之间得到更忠实的执行吗?假如你们要打仗，你们也不能一直打下去，在双方都伤亡惨重，谁也没有收获之后，你们停止作战时，关于交往条件的一些与以前完全相同的老问题又会摆在你们面前„„

为什麽不能满怀信心，耐心等待人民的最终裁决呢?难道还有更好的或能与此相匹的希望吗?在我们目前的分歧中，难道双方都没有信心认为自己是站在正确的一边吗?如果代表永恒真理和正义的万能上帝站在你们北方一边或者站在你们南方一边，那麽经过美国人民这个大法庭的裁决，真理和正义定将普照天下。

从管理我们的政府的组织结构来看，聪明的人民没有给他们的公仆多少权力去胡闹，而且他们还以同样的智慧为在短期内将那一点点权力收回到他们自己手中作了准备。只要人民保持他们的道德和警惕，任何行政管理人员，不管他们是多麽邪恶或多麽愚蠢，都不可能在短短四年内给这个政府造成严重伤害。

同胞们，你们每个人都应冷静地好好思考这整个问题。花点时间是不会使任何有价值的东西遭到损失的。如果真有一件东西驱使你们之中任何一个人十万火急地去采取一个你们在审慎沉着的情况下所决不会采取的步骤，那麽花点时间去思考就可以挫败这东西。任何好的东西是不会因为你这样做而遭到挫败的。就好像你们现在都心怀不满，可你们还有一部未受损害的老宪法可依，在敏感问题上，你们还有你们自己根据宪法所制定的法律可依，而新的行政当局即便

想，也没有改变宪法或这些法律的直接权力。就算大家公认你们这些心怀不满的人是站在争执的正确一边，那也没有任何充足的理由去采取草率的行动。以我们的聪明才智、爱国精神、基督教信仰以及对至今从未据弃过这片沐浴圣恩的土地的上帝的坚定信赖，我们还是有足够的能力用最好的方武来解决我们目前所遇到的一切困难。

各位心怀不满的同胞们，内战这一重大问题，不系于我的手里，而系于你们的手里。政府不会攻击你们。只要你们自己不当侵略者，你们就不会遇到冲突。你们没有对天发誓要摧毁政府，但我们却要立下最庄严的誓言来“保存、保护和保卫它”。

我真不愿结束我的演讲。我们不是敌人。我们之间感情的纽带，或会因情绪激动而绷紧，但决不可折断。那一根根不可思议的回忆之弦，从每个战场和爱国志士的坟墓，伸展到这片辽阔土地上每一颗充满活力的心房和每一个家庭，只要我们本性中的善念再度，而且一定会，加以拨动，它们终会重新奏出响亮的联邦协奏曲。

推荐第8篇：林肯三分钟演讲（版）

the gettysburg addre gettysburg, pennsylvania november 19, 1863 four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. but, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can not hallow -- this ground.the brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract.the world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.it is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced.it is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under god, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. 时间：1863年11月19日

地点：美国，宾夕法尼亚，葛底斯堡

八十七年前，我们先辈在这个大陆上创立了一个新国家，它孕育于自由之中，奉行一切人生来平等的原则。

但是，从更广泛的意义上说，这块土地我们不能够奉献，不能够圣化，不能够神化。那些曾在这里战斗过的勇士们，活着的和去世的，已经把这块土地圣化了，这远不是我们微薄的力量所能增减的。我们今天在这里所说的话，全世界不大会注意，也不会长久地记住，但勇士们在这里所做过的事，全世界却永远不会忘记。毋宁说，倒是我们这些还活着的人，应该在这里把自己奉献于勇士们已经如此崇高地向前推进但尚未完成的事业。倒是我们应该在这里把自已奉献于仍然留在我们面前的伟大任务——我们要从这些光荣的死者身上吸取更多的献身精神，来完成他们已经完全彻底为之献身的事业；我们要在这里下定最大的决心，不让这些死者白白牺牲；我们要使国家在上帝福佑下自由的新生，要使这个民有、民治、民享的政府永世长存。篇2：林肯的著名演讲(英汉) 林肯的著名演讲（英汉对照） abrahamlincoln亚伯拉罕．林肯（1809－1865），美国第十六任总统（1861－1865）。他自修法律，以反对奴隶制的纲领当选为总统，导致南方诸州脱离联邦。在由此引起的南北战争（1861－1865）中，他作为总统，发挥了美国历史上最有效、最鼓舞人心的领导作用，以其坚定的信念、深远的眼光和完美无缺的政治手腕，成功地引导一个处于分裂的国家度过了其历史上流血最多的内战，从而换救了联邦。他致力于推进全人类的民主、自由和平等，以最雄辩的语言阐述了人道主义的思想，不失时机地发表《解放黑奴宣言》，因而被后人尊称为“伟大的解放者”。林肯不仅是一个伟大的总统，更是一个伟人。他出生于社会低层，具有勤劳简朴、谦虚和诚恳的美德。在美国历届总统中，林肯堪称是最平易近人的一位。林肯的著作主要是演讲词和书信，以朴素庄严、观点明确、思想丰富、表达灵活、适应对象并具有特殊的美国风味见称。此篇演讲是美国文学中最漂亮、最富有诗意的文章之一。虽然这是一篇庆祝军事胜利的演说，但它没有好战之气。相反，这是一篇感人肺腑的颂辞，赞美那些作出最后牺牲的人们，以及他们为之献身的那些理想。其中“政府应为民有、民治、民享”的名言被人们广为传颂。 the gettysburg addre gettysburg, pennsylvania november 19, 1863 four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. but, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate—we can not consecrate—we can not hallow—this ground.the brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract.the world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.it is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced.it is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us — that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion — that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain — that this nation, under god, shall have a new birth of freedom — and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. 主讲：亚伯拉罕·林肯

时间：1863年11月19日

地点：美国，宾夕法尼亚，葛底斯堡

八十七年前，我们先辈在这个大陆上创立了一个新国家，它孕育于自由之中，奉行一切人生来平等的原则。

但，于更大意义之上，吾等无法致力、无法奉上、无法成就此土之圣。这群勇者，无论生死，曾于斯奋战到底，早已使其神圣，而远超过吾人卑微之力所能增减。这世间不曾丝毫留意，也不长久记得吾等于斯所言，但永不忘怀彼人于此所为。吾等生者，理应当然，献身于此辈鞠躬尽瘁之未完大业。吾等在此责无旁贷献身于眼前之伟大使命：自光荣的亡者之处吾人肩起其终极之奉献—吾等

在此答应亡者之死当非徒然—此国度，于神佑之下，当享有自由之新生—民有、民治、民享之政府当免于凋零。 but, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate—we can not consecrate—we can not hallow—this ground.the brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract.the world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.it is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced.it is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us — that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion — that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain — that this nation, under god, shall have a new birth of freedom — and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. 1919年，孙文在《文言本三民主义》中译：“林肯氏曰：“为民而有，为民而治，为民而享”者，斯乃人民之政府也。有如此之政府，而民者始真为一国之主也。”1921年6月，孙文演说《三民主义之具体办法》时说，“这句话的中文意思，没有适当的译文，兄弟就把它译作：民有、民治、民享。of the people就是民有，by the people就是民治，for the people就是民享。林肯所主张的这民有、民治和民享主义，就是兄弟所主张底民族、民权和民生主义！”

徐道邻在中译这篇演说时，将of the people, by the people, for the people译成“民有、民治、民享”，应是根据孙文的中译而来的。他又加以题解：“其论民主政治之真谛，以三介词阐发无剩义，尤为神来之笔。他人千言万语徒为词费矣。”，不过钱歌川在《英文疑难详解》一书中曾对这样的中译方式提出质疑。篇3：林肯演讲稿 the gettysburg addre abraham lincoln gettysburg, pennsylvania november 19, 1863 four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. but, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can not hallow -- this ground.the brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract.the world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.it is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced.it is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under god, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. 八十七年前，我们的先辈们在这个大陆上创立了一个新国家，它孕育于自由之中，奉行一切人生来平等的原则。

现在我们正从事一场伟大的内战，以考验这个国家，或者任何一个孕育于自 1 由和奉行上述原则的国家是否能够长久存在下去。我们在这场战争中的一个伟大战场上集会。烈士们为使这个国家能够生存下去而献出了自己的生命，我们来到这里，是要把这个战场的一部分奉献给他们作为最后的安息之所。我们这样做是完全应该而且非常恰当的。但是，从更广泛的意义上来说，这块土地我们不能够奉献，不能够圣化，不能够神化。那些曾在这里战斗过的勇士们，活着的和去世的，已经把这块土地圣化了，这远不是我们微薄的力量所能增减的。我们今天在这里所说的话，全世界不大会注意，也不会长久地记住，但勇士们在这里所做过的事，全世界却永远不会忘记。毋宁说，倒是我们这些还活着的人，应该在这里把自己奉献于勇士们已经如此崇高地向前推进但尚未完成的事业。倒是我们应该在这里把自己奉献于仍然留在我们面前的伟大任务――我们要从这些光荣的死者身上汲取更多的献身精神，来完成他们已经完全彻底为之献身的事业；我们要在这里下定最大的决心，不让这些死者白白牺牲；我们要使国家在上帝的福佑下得到自由的新生，要使这个民有、民治、民享的政府永世长存。

（朱曾汶译）

选自《英译汉名篇赏析》李亚丹主编 gettysburg battlefield one of the bloodiest battles of the civil war was fought in gettysburg, pennsylvania, on july 1-3, 1863.general robert e.lee came face to face with a union army led by general george meade.on july 3, lee sent three divisions, about 15,000 men in all, against the union.this oval-shaped map by theodore ditterline depicts troops and artillery positions along with roads, railways, and houses with names of residents.the library has one of the finest collections of civil war printed maps and the foremost collection of confederate field maps, numbering more than 2,300. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 2篇4：林肯,葛底斯堡演说赏析

葛底斯堡演说

美国亚伯拉罕.林肯（1863年11月19日）

“我们应该献身于留在我们面前的伟大任务由于他们的光荣牺牲，我们会更加献身于他们为之奉献了最后一切的事业我们要下定决心使那些死去的人不致白白牺牲我们要使这个国家在上帝的庇佑下，获得自由的新生我们要使这个民有、民治、民享的政府不致从地球上消失。”

“他是一个不屈不挠地迈向伟大目标、稳步前进从不后退的战士，是一位达到了伟大境界而仍然保持自己优良品质的罕有的人物。这位出类拔萃和道德高尚的人竟是那样谦虚，以致只有在他成为殉难者倒下去之后，全世界才发现他是一位英雄。”这是马克思对林肯谦逊、顽强、坚定的优良品质和高尚人格的评价与赞扬。林肯是美国历史上极有作为的总统之一，在美国西南的拉斯摩尔山上雕塑着对美国历史发展起过重大作用的四大总统的头像，林肯总统的头像也在其中，可见美国人民对他的崇敬之情。

亚伯拉罕．林肯，美国第十六届总统。1847年被选为众议员，以后，多次发表维护联邦统一，反对奴隶制度的演说，逐渐展露锋芒，显示了他的顽强和雄辩。当选为美国总统后，即面对南方种植园奴隶主的分裂叛乱。在同南方叛乱的奴隶主斗争的过程中，逐渐由主张有条件地废奴转为态度坚决地废奴主义者，坚定地领导了维护联邦统一的战争，领导联邦政府取得了美国南北战争的胜利。 1860年林肯当选为第十六届美国总统。当时正值国家面临奴隶制危机和资本主义工业发展的关键时期，南部奴隶制种植经济与北部工业资本主义经济的矛盾日趋激烈，南部奴隶主联盟和维护联邦、反对奴隶制的北部之间的战争一触即发。作为共和党人，林肯坚决反对奴隶制的扩展，极力主张维护联邦的统一，“一幢裂开了的房子是站不住的”。林肯曾在一次演说中说道：“我相信这个政府不能永远保持半奴隶和半自由的状态。我不期望联邦解散，我不期望房子崩塌，但的确期望它停止分裂。”“不是反对奴隶制的人制止奴隶制度的进一步扩展，并使公众相信它正处于最后灭亡的过程中；就是拥护奴隶制的人把它向前推进，直到它在所有的州里不论是老州还是新州，不论是北部还是南部都同样成为合法的为止。”林肯的态度引起了南部种植园奴隶主势力的恐慌，1860年底，在林肯正式就职之前，南部的南卡罗来纳州等七个蓄奴州相继宣布退出联邦，并于次年2月成立南部各州同盟，另选总统，制定宪法，组织军队，公然易旗，分裂叛乱。林肯正式就职后，曾试图与南部奴隶主谋求和解，以维护联邦政府的统一，但遭到拒绝。南部奴隶主势力的军队首先发起进攻，占领北部港口要塞。1861年4月林肯总统宣布南部各州为阴谋叛乱，号召人民为恢复联邦统一而战，美国南北战争爆发。林肯就任后的一段时期里，不断强调要把人民的政府和维护联邦的统一置于一切争端之上，以致于在战争的初期北方政府没有能够采取坚决有效的措施。南方则依仗装备良好，训练有素的军队，利用林肯政府对战争态度的不够坚决，频频得手。随着战争的推进以及局势的发展，奴隶制的问题逐渐成为关键，而南部数百万的黑奴又是战争中不容忽视的重要力量。林肯认识到废奴对于赢得战争和维护国家统一的重要性，他说：“没有奴隶制度，就绝不会发生叛乱；没有奴隶制度，叛乱就不可能继续下去。”林肯政府采取重大社会改革措施，以赢得人民的支持。1862年5月林肯签署了《宅地法》，满足了大批小农获得土地的要求；同年9月22日，又以“战时措施”的方式颁布《解放宣言》，规定自1863年1月1日起，所有叛乱各州的奴隶应当被视为自由人，可以参加联邦军队。此后，南部五十万奴隶逃亡，黑人纷纷参战，南北双方的力量对比和军事局势发生了根本性的转变，极大地

激发了全国各阶层人士的革命斗志。解放了的黑人踊跃投入联邦军队，英勇参战。在北方军队中约有三分之一的黑人来自南方各州，平均每三个黑人士兵中就有一个为解放事业献出了生命。不久，战争形势发生根本转折，为北部联邦军的战略反攻和赢得战争的最后胜利奠定了基础。

这篇演讲是林肯总统在南北战争的转折点——葛底斯堡大捷以后，为在该战役中牺牲的阵亡将士修建的国家公墓的落成仪式上发表的。

葛底斯堡战役是美国南北战争中最大的一次会战，也是战争中北部联邦军由败转胜的关键。南部军队统帅罗伯特.李将军率部进占北方的宾夕法尼亚，希望以此分割北方并打击联邦军的士气，从而迅速结速这场战争。双方在葛底斯堡遭遇，战争打得非常激烈，流血最多，伤亡惨重，联邦军损失二万三千人，南部同盟军伤亡失踪二万八千人。此后南部叛军一蹶不振，再也无力大举进犯北方。林肯一直在密切注视着前方战事的进展，并同时关注着对南方军的另一个重要战场维克斯堡战役的进程。当葛底斯堡大捷的消息传来，整个北部对这次胜利群情沸腾而欢欣鼓舞。

四个月后，林肯应邀出席在葛底斯堡举行的国家烈士公墓落成典礼，1863年11月19日，发表了这篇著名的演说。是林肯所作的众多演讲中最著名的演讲之一。它以简炼、凝重、朴实的语言，揭示了这场战争的意义，赞颂了为这场战争而献身者的精神，阐明了战士们为之奉献的理想事业的精髓。这篇演讲在当时获得普遍的好评，一百多年来，一直被作为演讲的典范，在全世界范围内广为流传。

据说林肯出发前就着手起草演说辞，初稿写了满满的一大张纸，但他自己始终感到不满意。由于工作繁忙，一直没有时间仔细斟酌，直到发表演说的前一天，在前往葛底斯堡的火车上才写就了今天我们看到的历史名篇。这篇演说总共只有十句话，全部讲完不足三分钟。当时有个摄影记者早就准备摄下这个伟大的历史镜头，但当他手忙脚乱还没来得及拍摄时，林肯总统已经讲到演说中的最后一句话了。短小精炼，简洁明了，是林肯这篇演讲最突出的特点，堪称演说辞中的典范。不少人误认为能够把话说得长，能够把简单的道理说得繁复而冗长，是一种水平的表现。而这篇著名的演说使我们认识到，在演说艺术中，真正的高超恰恰在于能够运用简洁的语言阐明复杂的道理。

在简短的演说辞的开头，林肯首先提到了“一切人生而平等”这一平凡而深刻的原则。这是林肯自任总统以来第一次在公众注意的场合提到了杰佛逊的名言，同时也是这场战争口号。在这个时刻提到这句名言，毫无疑问是要将平等理想进一步深化。虽然从建国初期美国就确立了平等原则，但在最初的几十年中，平等始终局限在一部分人的范围内。在南部蓄奴州，奴隶从来没有包括在“一切人”的概念之内。正是这种跛足的“平等”酝酿了国家的危机，而当时正进行的战争，既是对平等理想的考验，也是对林肯所说“孕育于自由”的国家本身的考验。显然，如果把一部分人（黑奴）顽固地排除“一切人”以外，这样一个国家就不能继续存在。通过重申开国者的理想，林肯就扼要地阐明了战争的主题。

这应是一篇颂扬军事胜利和祭奠烈士英灵的演说，但是通篇全然没有硝烟之气，没有一句直接提到那场惨烈的战争。在接下去的论述中，林肯以优雅然而朴实的词句赞美了在战争中奋斗和英勇献身的人们，称颂他们为国捐躯的崇高精神。正是这种精神为他们自己短暂的生存、以及他们为之献身的事业赢得了不朽的价值，由于他们的奉献，使得大家脚下的国土更为光荣和神圣。

从烈士的奉献，烈士精神的激励，林肯转而论及生者的责任。林肯说过，民主值得人们用战斗去争取，自由值得人们用生命去换取。为了“使那些死去的人们不致白白牺牲”，活着的人必定要更加献身于他们为之奉献了一切的事业，要为推进、继续勇士们未竟的工作，要维护民主政府，要使自由获得新生。

林肯演说中最后一句话，需要特别引起注意。这里，他以极为简单的六个字，即民有、民治、民享（在英语中则是三个词组）概括了

美国民主政府的理想形态。我们暂且不从政治上讨论资产阶级民主的实质和限度，单从表述艺术的角度看，这种异常简洁的概括，也达到了炉火纯青的地步。

这篇演说从理想开头，以理想结尾，使理想更加深刻具体；从生者正从事的事业，转而提炼出逝者的精神，又从逝者的精神，进一步突出生者的责任，使生者更感任重而道远。峰回路转，奇峰陡起，又一气呵成，浑然一体，具有强烈的鼓动性和感召力，它充分强调了以林肯为首的北部联邦政府是时代进步正义的代表，必将在道义上得到广泛的支持。在林肯短短的演说中至少有五次被掌声打断，结束后赢得经久不息的掌声，演说获得很大的成功。当年《辛辛那提新闻报》的记者评论说：“这是在合适的地点说了恰到好处的话，无论从哪方面看，它都完美无疵，它是一篇誉满全球的演说词。”许多报纸都发表了赞扬的评论，称之是无价之宝，将永垂青史。演说的手稿为美国国会图书馆收藏，演说辞还被铸成金文，存入牛津大学。

（周耀虹）

亚伯拉罕.林肯（abraham lincoln, 1809-1865）美国第十六届总统（1861-1865）。共和党人，律师。1847年当选为众议员，主张维护联邦统一，逐步废除奴隶制度。当选总统后，南方各州相继脱离联邦，公然叛乱。他领导联邦军队与南部联盟的战争，内战爆发。战争初期，南方诸州节节逼进。1862年，他先后颁布《宅地法》和《解放宣言》，局势根本扭转，保证了战争的胜利。美国南北战争结束后五天，在华盛顿福特戏院遭南方奴隶主指使的伶人暗杀身亡。篇5：林肯两次经典演说

一、

葛底斯堡演说词

亚伯拉罕·林肯

八十七年前，我们的先辈在这个大陆上建立起一个崭新的国家。这个国家以自由为理想，奉行所有人生来平等的原则。

我们正在进行一场伟大的国内战争。我们的国家或任何一个有着同样理想与目标的国家能否长久存在，这次战争是一场考验。现在我们——在这场战争的一个伟大战场[3]上——聚会在一起，将这战场上的一小块土地奉献给那些为国家生存而英勇捐躯的人们，作为他们最后的安息之地。我们这样做是完全适当的、应该的。

然而，从深一层的意义上说来，我们没有能力奉献这块土地，没有能力使这块土地变得更为神圣。因为在这里进行过斗争的、活着的和已经死去的勇士们，已经使这块土地变得这样圣洁，我们的微力已不足以对它有所扬抑。我今天在这里说的话，也许世人不会注意也不会记住，但是这些英雄的业绩，人们会永世不忘。

我们后来者应该做的，是献身于英雄们曾在此为之奋斗、努力推进但尚未完成的工作。我们应该献身于他们遗留给我们的伟大任务。我们的先烈已将自己的全部精诚赋予我们的事业，我们应从他们的榜样中汲取更多的精神力量，决心使他们的鲜血不至白流。在上帝的护佑下，我们的国家将获得自由的新生。我们这个民有、民治、民享的政府将永存于世上。（简介：这是林肯1863年11月19[4]日在葛底斯堡阵亡将士公墓落成仪式上发表的演说，是公认的英语演讲的最高典范。） the gettysburg addre gettysburg, pennsylvania november 19, 1863 -fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. -but, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate, we can not consecrate, we can not hallow this ground.the brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract.the world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. -it is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced.it is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before usthat cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotionthat these dead shall not have died in vainand that government of the people, by the people, and for the people, shall not perish from the earth. (by abraham lincoln)

二、

林肯第二次就职演说

（1865年3月4日）各位同胞：

在这第二次的宣誓就职典礼中，不像第一次就职的时候那样需要发表长篇演说。在那个时候，对于当时所要进行的事业多少作一详细的说明，似乎是适当的。现在四年任期已满，在这段战争期间的每个重要时刻和阶段中——这个战争至今仍为举国所关怀，还且占用了国家大部分力量——都经常发布文告，所以现在很少有什么新的发展可以奉告。我们的军事进展，是一切其它问题的关键所在，各界人士对此情形是跟我一样熟悉的，而我相信进展的情况，可以使我们全体人民有理由感到满意和鼓舞。既然可以对将来寄予极大的希望，那么我们也就用不着在这一方面作什么预言了。四年前在与此同一场合里，所有的人都焦虑地注意一场即将来临的内战。大家害怕它，想尽了方法去避免它。当时我正在这里作就职演说，竭尽全力想不用战争方法而能保存联邦，然而本城的反叛分子的代理人却没法不用战争而破坏联邦——他们力图瓦解联邦，并以谈判的方法来分割联邦。双方都声称反对战争，可是有一方宁愿打仗而不愿让国家生存，另一方则宁可接受这场战争，而不愿国家灭亡，于是战争就来临了。

我们全国人口的八分之一是黑奴，他们并非遍布整个联邦，而是局部地分布于南方。这些奴隶构成了一种特殊而重大的权益。大家知道这种权益可说是这场战争的原因。为了加强、保持及扩大这种权益，反叛分子会不惜以战争来分裂联邦，而政府只不过要限制这种权益所在地区的扩张。当初，任何一方都没有想到这场战争会发展到目前那么大的范围，持续那么长的时间。也没有料到冲突的原因会随冲突本身的终止而终止，甚至会在冲突本身终止以前而终止。双方都在寻求一个较轻易的胜利，都没有期望获致带根本性的和惊人的结果。双方念诵同样的圣经，祈祷于同一个上帝，甚至于每一方都求助同一上帝的援助以反对另一方，人们竟敢求助于上帝，来夺取他人以血汗得来的面包，这看来是很奇怪的。可是我们不要判断人家，免得别人判断我们。

我们对任何人都不怀恶意，我们对任何人都抱好感，上帝让我们看到正确的事，我们就坚定地信那正确的事，让我们继续奋斗，以完成我们正在进行的工作，去治疗国家的创伤，去照顾艰苦作战的志士和他的孤儿遗孀，尽力实现并维护在我们自己之间和我国与各国之间的公正和持久的和平。（简介：一八年当林肯再度当选连任总统职位时，美国仍为内战所分裂。当时战争的结果仍不能确定，而林肯的再度当选，成为北方人民决心作战到底争取最后胜利的一个令人振奋的表现。一八六五年三月四日当林肯宣誓就职时，局势清楚显示北方即将战胜，战争行将结束。在这篇就职演讲词中，林肯致力于讨论战后美国人民将面临的重大课题。林肯希望避免一切过错与惩罚的问题。当他准备实施这项政策时，一个刺客的枪弹葬送了他的崇高理想。

推荐第9篇：林肯总统的就职演讲

林肯总统的就职演讲

First Inaugural Addre of Abraham Lincoln

MONDAY, MARCH 4, 1861

Fellow-Citizens of the United States:

In compliance with a custom as old as the Government itself, I appear before you to addre you briefly and to take in your presence the oath prescribed by the Constitution of the United States to be taken by the President before he enters on the execution of this office.\"

I do not consider it neceary at present for me to discu those matters of administration about which there is no special anxiety or excitement.

Apprehension seems to exist among the people of the Southern States that by the acceion of a Republican Administration their property and their peace and personal security are to be endangered.There has never been any reasonable cause for such apprehension.Indeed, the most ample evidence to the contrary has all the while existed and been open to their inspection.It is found in nearly all the published speeches of him who now addrees you.I do but quote from one of those speeches when I declare that--

I have no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery in the States where it exists.I believe I have no lawful right to do so, and I have no inclination to do so.

Those who nominated and elected me did so with full knowledge that I had made this and many similar declarations and had never recanted them; and more than this, they placed in the platform for my acceptance, and as a law to themselves and to me, the clear and emphatic resolution which I now read:

Resolved, That the maintenance inviolate of the rights of the States, and especially the right of each State to order and control its own domestic institutions according to its own judgment exclusively, is eential to that balance of power on which the perfection and endurance of our political fabric depend; and we denounce the lawle invasion by armed force of the soil of any State or Territory, no matter what pretext, as among the gravest of crimes.

I now reiterate these sentiments, and in doing so I only pre upon the public attention the most conclusive evidence of which the case is susceptible that the property, peace, and security of no section are to be in any wise endangered by the now incoming Administration.I add, too, that all the protection which, consistently with the Constitution and the laws, can be given will be cheerfully given to all the States when lawfully demanded, for whatever cause--as cheerfully to one section as to another.

There is much controversy about the delivering up of fugitives from service or labor.The clause I now read is as plainly written in the Constitution as any other of its provisions:

No person held to service or labor in one State, under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall in consequence of any law or regulation therein be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due.

It is scarcely questioned that this provision was intended by those who made it for the reclaiming of what we call fugitive slaves; and the intention of the lawgiver is the law.All members of Congre swear their support to the whole Constitution--to this provision as much as to any other.To the proposition, then, that slaves whose cases come within the terms of this clause \"shall be delivered up\" their oaths are unanimous.Now, if they would make the effort in good temper, could they not with nearly equal unanimity frame and pa a law by means of which to keep good that unanimous oath?

There is some difference of opinion whether this clause should be enforced by national or by State authority, but surely that difference is not a very material one.If the slave is to be surrendered, it can be of but little consequence to him or to others by which authority it is done.And should anyone in any case be content that his oath shall go unkept on a merely unsubstantial controversy as to how it shall be kept?

Again: In any law upon this subject ought not all the safeguards of liberty known in civilized and humane jurisprudence to be introduced, so that a free man be not in any case surrendered as a slave? And might it not be well at the same time to provide by law for the enforcement of that clause in the Constitution which guarantees that \"the citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States\"?

I take the official oath to-day with no mental reservations and with no purpose to construe the Constitution or laws by any hypercritical rules; and while I do not choose now to specify particular acts of Congre as proper to be enforced, I do suggest that it will be much safer for all, both in official and private stations, to conform to and abide by all those acts which stand unrepealed than to violate any of them trusting to find impunity in having them held to be unconstitutional. It is seventy-two years since the first inauguration of a President under our National Constitution.During that period fifteen different and greatly distinguished citizens have in succeion administered the executive branch of the Government.They have conducted it through many perils, and generally with great succe.Yet, with all this scope of precedent, I now enter upon the same task for the brief constitutional term of four years under great and peculiar difficulty.A disruption of the Federal Union, heretofore only menaced, is now formidably attempted.

I hold that in contemplation of universal law and of the Constitution the Union of these States is perpetual.Perpetuity is implied, if not expreed, in the fundamental law of all national governments.It is safe to aert that no government proper ever had a provision in its organic law for its own termination.Continue to execute all the expre provisions of our National Constitution, and the Union will endure forever, it being impoible to destroy it except by some action not provided for in the instrument itself.

Again: If the United States be not a government proper, but an aociation of States in the nature of contract merely, can it, as acontract, be peaceably unmade by le than all the parties who made it? One party to a contract may violate it--break it, so to speak--but does it not require all to lawfully rescind it?

Descending from these general principles, we find the proposition that in legal contemplation the Union is perpetual confirmed by the history of the Union itself.The Union is much older than the Constitution.It was formed, in fact, by the Articles of Aociation in 1774.It was matured and continued by the Declaration of Independence in 1776.It was further matured, and the faith of all the then thirteen States exprely plighted and engaged that it should be perpetual, by the Articles of Confederation in 1778.And finally, in 1787, one of the declared objects for ordaining and establishing the Constitution was \"to form a more perfect Union.\"

But if destruction of the Union by one or by a part only of the States be lawfully poible, the Union is le perfect than before the Constitution, having lost the vital element of perpetuity.

It follows from these views that no State upon its own mere motion can lawfully get out of the Union; that resolves and ordinances to that effect are legally void, and that acts of violence within any State or States against the authority of the United States are insurrectionary or revolutionary, according to circumstances.

I therefore consider that in view of the Constitution and the laws the Union is unbroken, and to the extent of my ability, I shall take care, as the Constitution itself exprely enjoins upon me, that the laws of the Union be faithfully executed in all the States.Doing this I deem to be only a simple duty on my part, and Ishall perform it so far as practicable unle my rightful masters, the American people, shall withhold the requisite means or in some authoritative manner direct the contrary.I trust this will not be regarded as a menace, but only as the declared purpose of the Union that it will constitutionally defend and maintain itself.

In doing this there needs to be no bloodshed or violence, and there shall be none unle it be forced upon the national authority.The power confided to me will be used to hold, occupy, and poe the property and places belonging to the Government and to collect the duties and imposts; but beyond what may be neceary for these objects, there will be no invasion, no using of force against or among the people anywhere.Where hostility to the United States in any interior locality shall be so great and universal as to prevent competent resident citizens from holding the Federal offices, there will be no attempt to force obnoxious strangers among the people for that object.While the strict legal right may exist in the Government to enforce the exercise of these offices, the attempt to do so would be so irritating and so nearly impracticable withal that I deem it better to forego for the time the uses of such offices.

The mails, unle repelled, will continue to be furnished in all parts of the Union.So far as poible the people everywhere shall have that sense of perfect security which is most favorable to calm thought and reflection.The course here indicated will be followed unle current events and experience shall show a modification or change to be proper, and in every case and exigency my best discretion will be exercised, according to circumstances actually existing and with a view and a hope of a peaceful solution of the national troubles and the restoration of fraternal sympathies and affections.

That there are persons in one section or another who seek to destroy the Union at all events and are glad of any pretext to do it I will neither affirm nor deny; but if there be such, I need addre no word to them.To those, however, who really love the Union may I not speak?

Before entering upon so grave a matter as the destruction of our national fabric, with all its benefits, its memories, and its hopes, would it not be wise to ascertain precisely why we do it? Will you hazard so desperate a step while there is any poibility that any portion of the ills you fly from have no real existence? Will you, while the certain ills you fly to are greater than all the real ones you fly from, will you risk the commiion of so fearful a mistake?

All profe to be content in the Union if all constitutional rights can be maintained.Is it true, then, that any right plainly written in the Constitution has been denied? I think not.Happily, the human mind is so constituted that no party can reach to the audacity of doing this.Think, if you can, of a single instance in which a plainly written provision of the Constitution has ever been denied.If by the mere force of numbers a majority should deprive a minority of any clearly written constitutional right, it might in a moral point of view justify revolution; certainly would if such right were a vital one.But such is not our case.All the vital rights of minorities and of individuals are so plainly aured to them by affirmations and negations, guaranties and prohibitions, in the Constitution that controversies never arise concerning them.But no organic law can ever be framed with a provision specifically applicable to every question which may occur in practical administration.No foresight can anticipate nor any document of reasonable length contain expre provisions for all poible questions.Shall fugitives from labor be surrendered by national or by State authority? The Constitution does not exprely say.May Congre prohibit slavery in the Territories? The Constitution does not exprely say.Must Congre protect slavery in the Territories? The Constitution does not exprely say.

From questions of this cla spring all our constitutional controversies, and we divide upon them into majorities and minorities.If the minority will not acquiesce, the majority must, or the Government must cease.There is no other alternative, for continuing the Government is acquiescence on one side or the other.If a minority in such case will secede rather than acquiesce, they make a precedent which in turn will divide and ruin them, for a minority of their own will secede from them whenever a majority refuses to be controlled by such minority.For instance, why may not any portion of a new confederacy a year or two hence arbitrarily secede again, precisely as portions of the present Union now claim to secede from it? All who cherish disunion sentiments are now being educated to the exact temper of doing this.

Is there such perfect identity of interests among the States to compose a new union as to produce harmony only and prevent renewed seceion?

Plainly the central idea of seceion is the eence of anarchy.A majority held in restraint by constitutional checks and limitations, and always changing easily with deliberate changes of popular opinions and sentiments, is the only true sovereign of a free people.Whoever rejects it does of neceity fly to anarchy or to despotism.Unanimity is impoible.The rule of a minority, as a permanent arrangement, is wholly inadmiible; so that, rejecting the majority principle, anarchy or despotism in some form is all that is left.

I do not forget the position aumed by some that constitutional questions are to be decided by the Supreme Court, nor do I deny that such decisions must be binding in any case upon the parties to a suit as to the object of that suit, while they are also entitled to very high respect and consideration in all parallel cases by all other departments of the Government.And while it is obviously poible that such decision may be erroneous in any given case, still the evil effect following it, being limited to that particular case, with the chance that it may be overruled and never become a precedent for other cases, can better be borne than could the evils of a different practice.At the same time, the candid citizen must confe that if the policy of the Government upon vital questions affecting the whole people is to be irrevocably fixed by decisions of the Supreme Court, the instant they are made in ordinary litigation between parties in personal actions the people will have ceased to be their own rulers, having to that extent practically resigned their Government into the hands of that eminent tribunal.Nor is there in this view any aault upon the court or the judges.It is a duty from which they may not shrink to decide cases properly brought before them, and it is no fault of theirs if others seek to turn their decisions to political purposes.

One section of our country believes slavery is right and ought to be extended, while the other believes it is wrong and ought not to be extended.This is the only substantial dispute.The fugitive- slave clause of the Constitution and the law for the suppreion of the foreign slave trade are each as well enforced, perhaps, as any law can ever be in a community where the moral sense of the people imperfectly supports the law itself.The great body of the people abide by the dry legal obligation in both cases, and a few break over in each.This, I think, can not be perfectly cured, and it would be worse in both cases after the separation of the sections than before.The foreign slave trade, now imperfectly suppreed, would be ultimately revived without restriction in one section, while fugitive slaves, now only partially surrendered, would not be surrendered at all by the other.

Physically speaking, we can not separate.We can not remove our respective sections from each other nor build an impaable wall between them.A husband and wife may be divorced and go out of the presence and beyond the reach of each other, but the different parts of our country can not do this.They can not but remain face to face, and intercourse, either amicable or hostile, must continue between them.Is it poible, then, to make that intercourse more advantageous or more satisfactory after separation than before? Can aliens make treaties easier than friends can make laws? Can treaties be more faithfully enforced between aliens than laws can among friends? Suppose you go to war, you can not fight always; and when, after much lo on both sides and no gain on either, you cease fighting, the identical old questions, as to terms of intercourse, are again upon you.

This country, with its institutions, belongs to the people who inhabit it.Whenever they shall grow weary of the existing Government, they can exercise their constitutional right of amending it or their revolutionary right to dismember or overthrow it.I can not be ignorant of the fact that many worthy and patriotic citizens are desirous of having the National Constitution amended.While I make no recommendation of amendments, I fully recognize the rightful authority of the people over the whole subject, to be exercised in either of the modes prescribed in the instrument itself; and I should, under existing circumstances, favor rather than oppose a fair opportunity being afforded the people to act upon it.I will venture to add that to me the convention mode seems preferable, in that it allows amendments to originate with the people themselves, instead of only permitting them to take or reject propositions originated by others, not especially chosen for the purpose, and which might not be precisely such as they would wish to either accept or refuse.I understand a proposed amendment to the Constitution--which amendment, however, I have not seen--has paed Congre, to the effect that the Federal Government shall never interfere with the domestic institutions of the States, including that of persons held to service.To avoid misconstruction of what I have said, I depart from my purpose not to speak of particular amendments so far as to say that, holding such a provision to now be implied constitutional law, I have no objection to its being made expre and irrevocable.

The Chief Magistrate derives all his authority from the people, and they have referred none upon him to fix terms for the separation of the States.The people themselves can do this if also they choose, but the Executive as such has nothing to do with it.His duty is to administer the present Government as it came to his hands and to transmit it unimpaired by him to his succeor.

Why should there not be a patient confidence in the ultimate justice of the people? Is there any better or equal hope in the world? In our present differences, is either party without faith of being in the right? If the Almighty Ruler of Nations, with His eternal truth and justice, be on your side of the North, or on yours of the South, that truth and that justice will surely prevail by the judgment of this great tribunal of the American people.

By the frame of the Government under which we live this same people have wisely given their public servants but little power for mischief, and have with equal wisdom provided for the return of that little to their own hands at very short intervals.While the people retain their virtue and vigilance no Administration by any extreme of wickedne or folly can very seriously injure the Government in the short space of four years.

My countrymen, one and all, think calmly and well upon this whole subject.Nothing valuable can be lost by taking time.If there be an object to hurry any of you in hot haste to a step which you would never take deliberately, that object will be frustrated by taking time; but no good object can be frustrated by it.Such of you as are now diatisfied still have the old Constitution unimpaired, and, on the sensitive point, the laws of your own framing under it; while the new Administration will have no immediate power, if it would, to change either.If it were admitted that you who are diatisfied hold the right side in the dispute, there still is no single good reason for precipitate action.Intelligence, patriotism, Christianity, and a firm reliance on Him who has never yet forsaken this favored land are still competent to adjust in the best way all our present difficulty.

In your hands, my diatisfied fellow-countrymen, and not in mine, is the momentous iue of civil war.The Government will not aail you.You can have no conflict without being yourselves the aggreors.You have no oath registered in heaven to destroy the Government, while I shall have the most solemn one to \"preserve, protect, and defend it.\"

I am loath to close.We are not enemies, but friends.We must not be enemies.Though paion may have strained it must not break our bonds of affection.The mystic chords of memory, stretching from every battlefield and patriot grave to every living heart and hearthstone all over this broad land, will yet swell the chorus of the Union, when again touched, as surely they will be, by the better angels of our nature.

【中文译文】：

永久联邦与总统权力

亚伯拉罕-林肯

第一次就职演讲

星期一,1861年3月4日

我今天正式宣誓时，并没有保留意见，也无意以任何苛刻的标准来解释宪法和法律，尽管我不想具体指明国会通过的哪些法案是适合施行的•但我确实要建议，所有的人，不论处于官方还是私人的地位，都得遵守那些未被废止的法令，这比泰然自若地认为其中某个法案是违背宪法的而去触犯它，要稳当得多。

自从第一任总统根据我国宪法就职以来已经72年了。在此期间，有15位十分杰出的公民相继主持了政府的行政部门。他们在许多艰难险阻中履行职责，大致说来都很成功。然而，虽有这样的先例，我现在开始担任这个按宪法规定任期只有短暂4年的同一职务时，却处在巨大而特殊的困难之下。联邦的分裂，在此以前只是一种威胁，现在却已成为可怕的行动。

从一般法律和宪法角度来考虑，我认为由各州组成的联邦是永久性的。在合国政府的根本法中，永久性即使没有明确规定，也是不盲而喻的。我们有把握说，从来没有哪个正规政府在自己的组织法中列入一项要结束自己执政的条款。继续执行我国宪法明文规定的条款，联邦就将永远存在，毁灭联邦是办不到的，除非采取宪法本身未予规定的某种行动。再者：假如合众国不是名副其实的政府，而只是具有契约性质的各州的联盟，那么，作为一种契约，这个联盟能够毫无争议地由纬约各方中的少数加以取消吗？缔约的一方可以违约——也可以说毁约——但是，合法地废止契约难道不需要缔约各方全都同意吗？从这些一般原则在下推，我们认为，从法律上来说，联邦是永久性的这一主张已经为联邦本身的历史所证实。联邦的历史比宪法长久得多。事实上，它在1774年就根据《联合条款》组成了。 1776年，《独立宣言》使它臻子成熟并持续下来。1778年《邦联条款》使联邦愈趋成熟，当时的13个州都信誓旦旦地明确保证联邦应该永存，最后，1787年制定宪法时所宣市的日标之一就是“建设更完善的联邦”。

但是，如果联邦竟能由一个州或几个州按照法律加以取消的话，那么联邦就不如制宪前完善了，因为它丧失了永久性这个重要因素。

根据这些观点，任何一个州都不能只凭自己的动仪就能合法地脱离联邦；凡为此目的而作出的决议和法令在法律上都是无效的，任何一个州或几个州反对合众国当局的暴力行动都应根据憎况视为叛乱或革命。因此，我认为，根据宪法和法律，联邦是不容分裂的；我将按宪法本身明确授予我的权限，就自己能力所及，使联邦法律得以在各州忠实执行。我认为这仅仅是我份内的职责，我将以可行的方法去完成，除非我的合法主人——美国人民，不给予我必要的手段，或以权威的方式作出相反的指示，我相信大家下会把这看作是一种威胁，而只看作是联邦已宣布过的目标：它将按照宪法保卫和维护它自身。

以自然条件而言，我们是不能分开的，我们无法把各个地区彼此挪开，也无法在彼此之间筑起一堵无法逾越的墙垣。夫妻可以离婚，不再见面，互不接触，但是我们国家的各个地区就不可能那样做。它们仍得面对面地相处，它们之间还得有或者友好或者敌对的交往。那么，分开之后的交往是否可能比分开之前更有好处，更令人满意呢？外人之间订立条约难道还比朋友之间制定法律容易吗？外人之间执行条约难道还比朋友之间执行法律忠实吗？假定你们进行战争•你们不可能永远打下去；在双方损失惨重，任何一方都得不到好处之后，你们就会停止战斗，那时你们还会遇到诸如交往条件之类的老问题。

总统的一切权力来自人民，但人民没有授权给他为各州的分离规定条件。如果人民有此意愿，那他们可以这样做，而作为总统来说，则不可能这样做。他的责任是管理交给他的这一届政府，井将它完整地移交给他的继任者。

为什么我们不能对人民所具有的最高的公正抱有坚韧的信念呢？世界上还有比这更好或一样好的希望吗？在我何日前的分歧中，难道双方都缺乏相信自己正确的信心吗？如果万国全能的主宰以其永恒的真理和正义支持你北方这一边，或者支持你南方这一边，那么，那种真理和那种正义必将通过美国人民这个伟大法庭的裁决而取得胜利。

就是这些美国人民，通过我们现有的政府结构，明智地只给他们的公仆很小的权力，使他们不能力害作恶，并且同样明智地每隔很短的时间就把那小小的权力收回到自己手中。只要人民保持其力量和警惕，无论怎样作恶和愚蠢的执政人员都不能在短短4年的任期内十分严重地损害政府。我的同胞们，大家平静而认真地思考整个这一问题吧。任何宝贵的东西都下会因为从容对待而丧失，假使有一个目标火急地催促你们中随便哪一位采取一个措施，而你决不能不慌不忙，那么那个目标会因从容对待而落空；但是，任何好的目标是不会因为从容对待而落空的，你们现在感到不满意的人仍然有着原来的、完好元损的宪法，而且，在敏感问题上，你们有着自己根据这部宪法制定的各项法律；而新的一届政府即使想改变这两种情况，也没有直接的权力那样做。那些不满意的人在这场争论中即使被承认是站在正确的一边，也没有一点正当理由采取鲁莽的行动。理智、爱国精神、基行教义以及对从不抛弃这片幸福土地的上帝的信仰，这些仍然能以最好的方式来解决我们目前的一切困难。不满意的同胞们，内战这个重大问题的关键掌握在你们手中，而不掌握在我手中，政府不会对你们发动攻击。你们不当挑衅者，就下会面临冲突。你们没有对天发誓要毁灭政府，而我却要立下最庄严的誓言：“坚守、维护和捍卫合众国宪法。”我不愿意就此结束演说。我们不是敌人，而是朋友。我们一定不要成为敌人。尽管情绪紧张，也决不应割断我们之间的感情纽带。记忆的神秘琴弦，从每一个战场和爱国志上的坟墓伸向这片广阔土地上的每一颗跳动的心和家庭，必将再度被我们善良的夭性所拨响，那时就会高奏起联邦大团结的乐章。

推荐第10篇：林肯就职演讲经典句子

1、我主要关心的，不是你是不是失败了，而是你对失败是不是甘心。

2、法律是显露的道德，道德是隐藏的法律。

3、卓越的天才不屑走一条人家走过的路。他寻找迄今没有开拓过的地区。

4、我们关心的，不是你是否失败了，而是你对失败能否无怨。

5、凡是不给别人自由的人，他们自己就不应该得到自由，而且在公正的上帝统治下，他们也是不能够长远地保持住自由的。

6、给别人自由和维护自己的自由，两者同样是崇高的事业。

7、人生最美好的东西，就是他同别人的友谊。

8、好学的人必成大器。

9、意志来自道德感和自身利益这两个因素。

10、事实上教育便是一种早期的习惯。

11、一个人过了四十岁，应当为自己的长相负责。

（当一位友人询问林肯为何回拒他所推荐的阁员人选时）

12、一滴蜂密比一加仑胆汁招引的苍蝇还要多。

13、你可以一时欺骗所有人,也可以永远欺骗某些人,但不可能永远欺骗所有人。you can fool all the people some of the time, some of the people all the time, but you cannot fool all the people all the time.

14、勿以怨恨对待任何人，请以慈爱加给所有的人!

15、最勇敢的男人是怕老婆的男人。

16、最重要的是，在关键的时刻能够坚持原则。

17、恪尽职守的精神比个人的声望更重要。

18、世界上极需这种人才，他们在任何情况下都能克服种种阻力完成任务

19、我们要做的是让纪律看守西点，而不是教官时刻监视学员。20、“魔鬼”隐藏在细节中，永远不要忽视任何细节。

21、千万不要纵容自己，给自己找借口。

22、哪怕是对自己的一点小的克制，也会使人变得强而有力。

23、为了赢得胜利，也许你不得不干一些自己不想干的事。

24、学会忍受不公平，学会恪尽职责。

25、只要充分相信自己，没有什么困难可以足够持久。

26、等待比做事要难得多。

27、要有信心，把握住自己的未来。

28、不要沉沦，在任何环境中你都可以选择奋起。

29、有耐心的人无往而不利。

30、确信无法突破的时候，首先要选择的是等待。

31、如果你没有选择的话，那么就勇敢地迎上去。

32、责任、荣誉、国家！

33、要培养各方面的能力，包括承受悲惨命运的能力。

34、冲动，绝不是真正英雄的性格。

35、适应环境，而不是让环境适应你！

36、历经严酷的训练是完善自我的必由之路。

37、速度决定成败。

38、不要怕有疯狂的想法，只要你肯努力。

39、首先要建立起自信心。 40、胜利，是属于最坚韧的人。

41、要敢于战胜一切恐惧！

42、要感谢生活中的逆境和磨难！

43、主动锻炼自己，培养果决的性格。

44、要立即行动，不要拖延。

45、现实中的恐怖，远比不上想象中的恐怖那么可怕。

46、目标要明确，信念要坚定。

47、只有自己去做，才可能知道能否成功。

48、做一个真正勇敢无畏的人。

49、要战胜恐惧，而不是退缩。

50、失败者任其失败，成功者创造成功。

51、要敢于“硬干”，不要怀疑自己。

52、没有什么不可能——“没有办法”或“不可能”常常是庸人和懒人的托辞。

53、成功始于觉醒，心态决定命运！

54、任何个人，在危机来临时，都要想到打破常规。

55、我不一定会胜利，但一定会真诚行事。我不一定成功，但会抱持一贯的信念。

56、我会与任何正直持平的人并肩而立。他对的时候，我会给予支持；他错的时候，我不求必胜，但矢志真诚。我不一定求成功，但定必言行如一，贯彻始终。

57、我必将与正人君子并肩，是其所是，非其所非。

58、我未必稳操胜算，却始终以诚处世。我未必马到成功，却不忘心中真理。

59、我当与天下正直之士并肩而立，知其是而拥护之，知其非而离弃之。 60、为真理而战，死也光荣。 6

1、狼和羊都没有资格谈论自由。

2、民主主义就是人民的，通过人民，为人民的政治。 6

3、正像我不想做奴隶一样，我也不愿做主人.。 6

4、今天能够着手进行的事情绝不拖到明天。

5、各行各业的对一个人的指导原则就是勤奋，今天能够着手进行的事情不拖到明天。 6

6、只要充分相信自己，没有什么困难可以足够持久。 6

7、要有信心，把握住自己的未来。

8、预测未来最好的方法就是去创造未来。

9、与其跟一只狗争路，不如让它先行一步；如果被它咬了一口，你即使把它打死，也不能治好你的伤口。

70、品格如同树木，名声如同树阴。我们常常考虑的是树阴，却不知树木才是根本。 7

1、民有、民治、民享。

of the people, by the people, for the people。 7

2、如果我有第二张脸，我还需要用现在这张吗？（林肯的政敌批评林肯有“两面三刀”时的幽默回应。因为就政治人物而言，林肯的长相极不讨喜，像个野猴。） 7

3、想了解一个人的个性，那就赋予他权力。

4、我之所有，我之所能，都归功于我天使般的母亲。 7

5、我这个人走得很慢，但是我从不后退。 7

6、一个好的目标决不会因为慢慢来而落空。

7、我的生活经验使我深信，没有缺点的人往往优点也很少。

8、黄金诚然是宝贵的，但是生气勃勃、勇敢的爱国者却比黄金更为宝贵。 7

9、法律是显露的道德，道德是隐藏的法律。 80、何谓保守？就是过于恐惧而不敢战。 8

1、世上没有卑贱的职业，只有卑贱的人。 8

2、好汉不怕出身低。 8

3、豆腐爱厚，脸皮爱薄。

4、喷泉的高度不会超过它的源头；一个人的事业也是这样，他的成就决不会超过自己的信念。

5、我们要想涵养公正的品德，就应养成一种“不苟”的优良习惯。 8

6、何谓保守？不就是因循守旧，反对新生事物吗？

7、凡是不给别人自由的人，他们自己就不应该得到自由，而且在公正的上帝统治下，他们也是不能够长远地保持住自由的。

8、为了赢得胜利，也许你不得不干一些自己不想干的事。 8

9、现实中的恐怖，远比不上想象中的恐怖那么可怕。 90、主动锻炼自己，培养果决的性格。 9

1、要感谢生活中的逆境和磨难！

2、历经严酷的训练是完善自我的必由之路。

3、要培养各方面的能力，包括承受悲惨命运的能力。 9

4、有耐心的人无往而不利。

5、不要以怨恨相对，应以慈悲为怀，让我们共同奋斗来完成我们正在从事的工作。 9

6、胜利，是属于最坚韧的人。

7、我尽量用最好的方法去做，尽我所能去做，我打算一直这样把事情做完。如果结果证明我是对的，那么人家怎么说我，就无关紧要了；如果结果证明我是错的，那么

即使花十倍的力气来说我是对的，那也是没用的。

8、我不知道我的祖父是谁，我更加关心的是他的孙子将成为什么样的人。 9

9、如果你没有选择的话，那么就勇敢地迎上去。 100、选票比子弹更有力量。 10

1、如果一个目的是正当而必须做的，则达到这个目的的必要手段也是正当而必须采取的。

2、记住，当人生的道路陡峭的时候，要保持沉着。 10

3、恪尽职守的精神比个人的声望更重要。

4、对任何人不怀恶意，对一切人心存宽厚，按上帝的指引坚持正义。篇2：林肯就职演说原文1 林肯的第二任总统就职演说

这篇演说的讲稿是人类历史上最伟大的演说词，永久地刻在了林肯纪念堂里，英文原文是：

at this second appearing to take the oath of the presidential office，there is le occasion for an extended addre than there was at the first.then a statement，somewhat in detail，of a course to be pursued，seemed fitting and proper.now，at the expiration of four years，during which public declarations have been constantly called forth on every point and phase of the great contest which still absorbs the attention，and engroes the energies of the nation，little that is new could be presented.the progre of our arms，upon which all else chiefly depends，is as well known to the public as to myself; and it is，i trust，reasonably satisfactory and encouraging to all.with high hope for the future，no prediction in regard to it is ventured. on the occasion corresponding to this four years ago，all thoughts were anxiously directed to an impending civil war.all dreaded it--all sought to avert it.while the inaugural addre was being delivered from this place，devoted altogether to saving the union without war，insurgent agents were in the city seeking to destroy it without war--seeking to diolve the union，and divide effects，by negotiation.both parties deprecated war; but one of them would make war rather than let the nation survive; and the other would accept war rather than let it perish.and the war came. one eighth of the whole population were colored slaves，not distributed generally over the union，but localized in the southern part of it.these slaves constituted a peculiar and powerful interest.all knew that this interest was，somehow，the cause of the war.to strengthen，perpetuate，and extend this interest was the object for which the insurgents would rend the union，even by war; while the government claimed no right to do more than to restrict the territorial enlargement of it.neither party expected for the war，the magnitude，or the duration，which it has already attained.neither anticipated that the cause of the conflict might cease with，or even before，the conflict itself should cease. each looked for an easier triumph，and a result le fundamental and astounding.both read the same bible，and astounding to the same god; and each invokes his aid against the other.it may seem strange that any men should dare to ask a just gods aistance in wringing their bread from with malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmne in the right，as god gives us to see the right，let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nations wounds; to care for him who shall have borne the battle，and for his widow，and his orphan--to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace，among ourselves，and with all nations. 最后两段译文：

(交战)每一方都在寻求一个快速的、不伤根本的胜利。双方都读同一本圣经，向同一位上帝祷告，求祂的帮助。看起来真是奇怪：一些人竟企求上帝让别人流汗而使自己可以得到面包；但是，不要让我们论断，如果我们自己不想被论断的话。双方的祷告不会同时被回答，任何一方的祷告也不会被完全应允。全能的神自有其旨意。“祸哉世界！因着必来之罪；祸哉此人，罪因其而来。”如果我们假设，美国奴隶制度乃是众罪之一，此罪到了期限，神便定意除去这个制度，引发这一场可怖的南北战争，因为灾降于那些罪因其而来的人身上，如同以往圣徒所描写的神的属性，神的作为难道会有任何偏差吗？我们热切地盼望--恒切地祷告--这场惩罚性的战争得以迅速地远离我们而去。然而，如果神定意让战争持续下去，直到我们从所有奴隶在两百五十年间没有报酬、困苦劳动之下所累积的财富毁去，及直到每一滴皮鞭上的血迹被报之以刀下每一条冤魂，就如同我们在三千年前所说，而今天仍要再说的那样：“主的审判信实，合乎公义。”

不以恶待人，而以仁爱相处。当神开启我们的眼，得见公义时，我们必须持守公义。让我们全力以赴，完成我们手中的工作，医治国家的创伤；并照料在战场上承受苦痛的人，和那些寡妇、孤儿，不忘记关怀他们 - 让我们竭尽全力，达成在我们中间，及众民族之间的永久的公义和和平。

简单统计：

? 讲演总字数：699 ? 提到上帝次数：10(god: 6; the almighty: 1; lord: 1; he: 2) ? 提到祷告次数：3 ? 提到圣经次数：1 ? 引用圣经次数：2 所以只要读一下这篇讲演，就会知道林肯是怎样一位敬畏上帝，祈求上帝带领的人了！就如林肯传记《公民林肯》(lincoln the citizen)的作者惠特尼(hey whitney)所总结的：“(这篇演讲是)一串向神连绵不断的祈求，求祂对我们这个如火如荼的国家伸出援手。”

这篇讲演发生在1865年3月4号上午，当时在现场的记者noah brooks写到：“just at that moment the sun，which had been obscured all day，burst forth in its unclouded meridian splendor，and flooded the spectacle with glory and with light??was already standing in the shadow of death.”(林肯登台的一瞬间，阳光冲出了已盘踞了一整天的云层，放射出惊人的景象，荣耀和光辉如洪水般涌来??而此时，林肯已经站在了死亡的阴影之中。) -- 仅仅40天后，即同年4月15号，林肯在剧院里被谋杀了。

其实早年的林肯是一个无神论者，作为政治家，认为财富和权力更为重要。然而，随着美国内战战局的发展，林肯越来越感受到上帝的主权和公义，越来越依靠神，承认自己和人的无能为力，开始把国家的命运交托在神的手里。

例如，在1862年9月，在一个本来看似乐观的形势下，北方军却经历了在bull run的第二次战役的彻底失败，林肯开始认真的反思这次战争，并且考虑解放黑奴的具体计划。这时，他写下了“meditation on the divine will”(对神旨意的思想)的文章。英文原文是：“the will of god prevails.in great contests each party claims to act in accordance with the will of god.both may be，and one must be，wrong.god can not be for and against the same thing at the same time.in the present civil war it is quite poible that gods purpose is something different from the purpose of either party-and yet the human instrumentalities，working just as they do，are of the best adaptation to affect his purpose.”翻译是：“上帝的旨意必成就。在内战中，双方都认为自己所行的符合上帝的旨意，但至少有一方是错的，因为上帝不可能自相矛盾。上帝的旨意不同于我们的目标，但是上帝使用我们作为器皿成就祂的旨意。”

在林肯将被谋杀的最后时刻，据d.james kennedy的《what if the bible had never been written》一书，林肯坐在戏院里，对妻子玛丽说的最后的话是：“你知道我现在想做什么吗？我想带你到中东去旅行。”“我们要去祂(主耶稣) 诞生的伯利恒。我们要拜访伯大尼，随着那条圣洁脚踪所行过的路途走。然后我们上耶路(耶路撒冷)??”篇3：林肯的就职演讲稿

林肯的就职演讲稿(中英文版) 2007年07月15日星期日下午 12:10the gettysburg addre gettysburg, pennsylvania november 19, 1863 fourscore(80年 and seven years ago,our fathers brought forth upon this continent （大陆a new nation,conceived（设想 and dedicated （奉献的to the proposition （主题that all men are created equal. now we are egaged in a great civil（民族间的 war,testing whether that nation or any but, in a larger sense,we can not dedicate(奉献,we can not consecrate（神圣的,we can not hallow（视什么为神圣的 this ground.the brave men,living and dead,have consecrated（被奉为神 it far above our power to add or detract（减损.the world will little note what we say here,but it can never forget what they did here.it is for us,the living,rather to be dedicated to the great task remaining before us,that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure（尺寸 of devotion,that the nation shall have a new birth of freedom,that the goverment of the people by the people and for the people shall not perish （死亡from the earth. 主讲：亚伯拉罕·林肯

时间：1863年11月19日

地点：美国，宾夕法尼亚，葛底斯堡

八十七年前，我们先辈在这个大陆上创立了一个新国家，它孕育于自由之中，奉行一切人生来平等的原则。

但是，从更广泛的意义上说，这块土地我们不能够奉献，不能够圣化，不能够神化。那些曾在这里战斗过的勇士们，活着的和去世的，已经把这块土地圣化了，这远不是我们微薄的力量所能增减的。我们今天在这里所说的话，全世界不大会注意，也不会长久地记住，但勇士

们在这里所做过的事，全世界却永远不会忘记。毋宁说，倒是我们这些还活着的人，应该在这里把自己奉献于勇士们已经如此崇高地向前推进但尚未完成的事业。倒是我们应该在这里把自已奉献于仍然留在我们面前的伟大任务——我们要从这些光荣的死者身上吸取更多的献身精神，来完成他们已经完全彻底为之献身的事业；我们要在这里下定最大的决心，不让这些死者白白牺牲；我们要使国家在上帝福佑下自由的新生，要使这个民有、民治、民享的政府永世长存。

第11篇：林肯第二次就职演讲(中文)

然对未来充满了希望，那么在这里也就无意冒昧作出预测了。

国家灭亡。于是战争便打起来了。

我们对任何人也不怀恶意，我们对所有的人都宽大为怀，坚持正义；上帝既使我们认识正义，让我们继续努力向前，完成我们正在进行的事业；包扎起国家的创伤，关心那些为战争作出牺牲的人，关心他们的遗孀和孤儿——尽一切力量，以求在我们自己之间，以及我们和所有

的国家之间实现并维护一个公正和持久的和平。

第12篇：林肯第二次就职演讲(英文)

At this second appearing to take the oath of the presidential office there is le occasion for an extended addre than there was at the first.Then a statement somewhat in detail of a course to be pursued seemed fitting and proper.Now, at the expiration of four years, during which public declarations have been constantly called forth on every point and phase of his great contest which still absorbs the attention and engroes the energies of the nation, little that is new could be presented.The progre of our arms, upon which all else chiefly depends, is as well known to the public as to myself, and it is, I trust, reasonably satisfactory and encouraging to all.With high hope for the future, no prediction in regard

to it is ventured.

On the occasion corresponding to this four years ago all thoughts were anxiously directed to an impending civil war.All dreaded it; all sought to avert it.While the inaugural addre was being delivered from this place, devoted altogether to saving teing delivered from thisurgent agents were in the city seeking to destroy it without war-seeking to diolve the Union and divide effects by negotiation.Both parties deprecated war, but one of them would make war rather than let the nation survive, and the other would accept war rather than let it perish, and the war came.One-eighth of the whole population were colored slaves, not distributed generally over the Union, but localized in the southern part of it.Their slaves constituted a peculiar and powerful interest.All knew that this interest was somehow the cause of the war.To strengthen, perpetuate, and extend this interest was the object for which the insurgents would rend the Union even by war, while the Government claimed no right to do more than to restrict the territorial enlargement of it.Neither party expected for the war the magnitude or the duration, which it has already attained.Neither anticipated that the cause of the conflict might cease with or even before the conflict itself should cease.Each looked for an easier triumph, and a result le fundamental and astounding.Both read the same Bible and pray to the same God, and each invokes His aid against the other.It may seem strange that any men should dare to ask a just God\'s aistance in wringing their bread from the sweat of other men\'s faces, but let us judge not, that we be not judged.That of neither has been answered fully.The Almighty has His own purposes.\"Woe unto the world because of offenses; for it must need be that offenses come, but woe to that man by whom the offense comet.\" If we shall suppose that American slavery is one of those offenses which, in the providence of God, must needs come, but which, having continued through His appointed time, He now wills to remove, and that He gives to both North and South this terrible war as the woe due to those by whom the offense came, shall we discern there in any departure from those divine attributes which the believers in a living God always ascribe to Him? Fondly do we hope, fervently do we pray that this mighty scourge of war may speedily pa

away? Yet, if God wills that it continue until all the wealth piled by the bondsman\'s two hundred and fifty years of unrequited toil shall be sunk, and until every drop of blood drawn with the lash shall be paid by another drawn with the sword, as was said three thousand years ago so still it must be said \"The judgments of the Lord are true and righteous

altogether.\"

With malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmne in the right as God gives us to see the might, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation\'s wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and his orphan, to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all

nations.

第13篇：林肯的历次演讲中英文

First Inaugural Addre of Abraham Lincoln

MONDAY, MARCH 4, 1861

Fellow-Citizens of the United States:

I do not consider it neceary at present for me to discu those matters of administration about which there is no special anxiety or excitement.

I have no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery in the States where it exists.I believe I have no lawful right to do so, and I have no inclination to do so.

I now reiterate these sentiments, and in doing so I only pre upon the public attention the most conclusive evidence of which the case is susceptible that the property, peace, and security of no section are to be in any wise endangered by the now incoming Administration.I add, too, that all the protection which, consistently with the Constitution and the 2 laws, can be given will be cheerfully given to all the States when lawfully demanded, for whatever cause--as cheerfully to one section as to another.

There is much controversy about the delivering up of fugitives from service or labor.The clause I now read is as plainly written in the Constitution as any other of its provisions:

It is seventy-two years since the first inauguration of a President under our National Constitution.During that period fifteen different and greatly distinguished citizens have in succeion administered the executive branch of the Government.They have conducted it through many perils, and generally with great succe.Yet, with all this scope of precedent, I now enter upon the same task for the brief constitutional term of four years under great and peculiar difficulty.A disruption of the Federal Union, heretofore only menaced, is now formidably attempted.

But if destruction of the Union by one or by a part only of the States be lawfully poible, the Union is le perfect than before the Constitution, having lost the vital element of perpetuity.

6 be faithfully executed in all the States.Doing this I deem to be only a simple duty on my part, and Ishall perform it so far as practicable unle my rightful masters, the American people, shall withhold the requisite means or in some authoritative manner direct the contrary.I trust this will not be regarded as a menace, but only as the declared purpose of the Union that it will constitutionally defend and maintain itself.

The mails, unle repelled, will continue to be furnished in all parts of the Union.So far as poible the people everywhere shall have that

7 sense of perfect security which is most favorable to calm thought and reflection.The course here indicated will be followed unle current events and experience shall show a modification or change to be proper, and in every case and exigency my best discretion will be exercised, according to circumstances actually existing and with a view and a hope of a peaceful solution of the national troubles and the restoration of fraternal sympathies and affections.

8 constituted that no party can reach to the audacity of doing this.Think, if you can, of a single instance in which a plainly written provision of the Constitution has ever been denied.If by the mere force of numbers a majority should deprive a minority of any clearly written constitutional right, it might in a moral point of view justify revolution; certainly would if such right were a vital one.But such is not our case.All the vital rights of minorities and of individuals are so plainly aured to them by affirmations and negations, guaranties and prohibitions, in the Constitution that controversies never arise concerning them.But no organic law can ever be framed with a provision specifically applicable to every question which may occur in practical administration.No foresight can anticipate nor any document of reasonable length contain expre provisions for all poible questions.Shall fugitives from labor be surrendered by national or by State authority? The Constitution does not exprely say.May Congre prohibit slavery in the Territories? The Constitution does not exprely say.Must Congre protect slavery in the Territories? The Constitution does not exprely say.

9 secede rather than acquiesce, they make a precedent which in turn will divide and ruin them, for a minority of their own will secede from them whenever a majority refuses to be controlled by such minority.For instance, why may not any portion of a new confederacy a year or two hence arbitrarily secede again, precisely as portions of the present Union now claim to secede from it? All who cherish disunion sentiments are now being educated to the exact temper of doing this.

Is there such perfect identity of interests among the States to compose a new union as to produce harmony only and prevent renewed seceion?

10 object of that suit, while they are also entitled to very high respect and consideration in all parallel cases by all other departments of the Government.And while it is obviously poible that such decision may be erroneous in any given case, still the evil effect following it, being limited to that particular case, with the chance that it may be overruled and never become a precedent for other cases, can better be borne than could the evils of a different practice.At the same time, the candid citizen must confe that if the policy of the Government upon vital questions affecting the whole people is to be irrevocably fixed by decisions of the Supreme Court, the instant they are made in ordinary litigation between parties in personal actions the people will have ceased to be their own rulers, having to that extent practically resigned their Government into the hands of that eminent tribunal.Nor is there in this view any aault upon the court or the judges.It is a duty from which they may not shrink to decide cases properly brought before them, and it is no fault of theirs if others seek to turn their decisions to political purposes.

11 law itself.The great body of the people abide by the dry legal obligation in both cases, and a few break over in each.This, I think, can not be perfectly cured, and it would be worse in both cases after the separation of the sections than before.The foreign slave trade, now imperfectly suppreed, would be ultimately revived without restriction in one section, while fugitive slaves, now only partially surrendered, would not be surrendered at all by the other.

This country, with its institutions, belongs to the people who inhabit it.Whenever they shall grow weary of the existing Government, they can exercise their constitutional right of amending it or their revolutionary right to dismember or overthrow it.I can not be ignorant of the fact that many worthy and patriotic citizens are desirous of having the National Constitution amended.While I make no recommendation of amendments, I fully recognize the rightful authority of the people over the whole subject, to be exercised in either of the modes prescribed in the instrument itself; and I should, under existing circumstances, favor rather than oppose a fair opportunity being afforded the people to act upon it.I will venture to add that to me the convention mode seems preferable, in that it allows amendments to originate with the people themselves, instead of only permitting them to take or reject propositions originated by others, not especially chosen for the purpose, and which might not be precisely such as they would wish to either accept or refuse.I understand a proposed amendment to the Constitution--which amendment, however, I have not seen--has paed Congre, to the effect that the Federal Government shall never interfere with the domestic institutions of the States, including that of persons held to service.To avoid misconstruction of what I have said, I depart from my purpose not to speak of particular amendments so far as to say that, holding such a provision to now be 13 implied constitutional law, I have no objection to its being made expre and irrevocable.

By the frame of the Government under which we live this same people have wisely given their public servants but little power for mischief, and have with equal wisdom provided for the return of that little to their own hands at very short intervals.While the people retain their virtue and vigilance no Administration by any extreme of wickedne or 14 folly can very seriously injure the Government in the short space of four years.

合众国的同胞们：

1861年3月4日

按照一个和我们的政府一样古老的习惯，我现在来到诸位的面前，简单地讲几句话，并在你们的面前，遵照合众国宪法规定一个总统在他“到职视事之前”必须宣誓的仪式，在大家面前宣誓。

我认为没有必要在这里来讨论并不特别令人忧虑和不安的行政方面的问题。

在南方各州人民中似乎存在着一种恐惧心理。他们认为，随着共和党政府的执政，他们的财产，他们的和平生活和人身安全都将遭到危险。这种恐惧是从来没有任何事实根据的。说实在的，大量相反的证据倒是一直存在，并随时可以供他们检查的。那种证据几乎在现在对你们讲话的这个人公开发表的每一篇演说中都能找到。这里我只想引用其中的一篇，在那篇演说中我曾说，“我完全无意，对已经存在奴隶制的各州的这一制度，进行直接或间接的干涉。我深信我根本没有合法权利那样做，而且我无此意图。”那些提名我并选举我的人都完全知道，我曾明确这么讲过，并且还讲过许多类似的话，而且从来也没有收回过我已讲过的这些话。不仅如此，他们还在纲领中，写进了对他 17 们和对我来说，都具有法律效力的一项清楚明白、不容含糊的决议让我接受。这里我来对大家谈谈这一决议：

我现在重申这些观点：而在这样做的时候，我只想提请公众注意，最能对这一点提出确切证据的那就是全国任何一个地方的财产、和平生活和人身安全决不会在任何情况下，由于即将上任的政府而遭到危险。这里我还要补充说，各州只要符合宪法和法律规定，合法地提出保护要求，政府便一定会乐于给予保护,不管是出于什么原因一一而且对任何一个地方都一视同仁。

18 “凡根据一个州的法律应在该州于服务或从事劳役的人，如逃到另一州，一律不得按照这一州的法律或条例，使其解除该项服务或劳役，而必，须按照有权享有该项服务或劳役当事人的要求，将其引渡。”

毫无疑问，按照制订这一条款的人的意图，此项规定实际指的就是，对我们所说的逃亡奴隶有权索回；而法律制订人的这一意图实际已成为法律。国会的所有议员都曾宣誓遵守宪法中的一切条款——对这一条和其它各条并无两样。因此，关于适合这一条款规定的奴隶应“将其引渡”这一点，他们的誓言是完全一致的。那么现在如果他们心平气和地作一番努力，他们难道不能以几乎同样完全一致的誓言，制订一项法律，以使他们的共同誓言得以实施吗?

另外，在任何有关这一问题的法律中，应不应该把文明和人道法学中关于自由的各项保证都写上，以防止在任何情况下使一个自由人被作为奴隶交出吗?同时，宪法中还有一条规定，明确保证“每一州的公

19 民都享有其它各州公民所享有公民的一切特权和豁免权”，我们用法律保证使这一条文得以执行，那不是更好吗?

从一般法律和我们的宪法来仔细考虑，我坚信，我们各州组成的联邦是永久性的。在一切国民政府的根本大法中永久性这一点，虽不一定写明，却是不言而喻的。我们完全可以肯定说，没有一个名副其实的政府会在自己的根本法中定出一条，规定自己完结的期限。继续执行

20 我国宪法所明文规定的各项条文，联邦便将永远存在下去——除了采取并未见之于宪法的行动，谁也不可能毁灭掉联邦。

还有，就算合众国并不是个名副其实的政府，而只是依靠契约成立的一个各州的联合体，那既有契约的约束，若非参加这一契约的各方一致同意，我们能说取消就把它取消吗?参加订立契约的一方可以违约，或者说毁约；但如果合法地取消这一契约，岂能不需要大家一致同意吗?

21 从这些观点我们可以认定，任何一个州，都不可能仅凭自己动议，便能合法地退出联邦——而任何以此为目的的决议和法令在法律上都是无效的；至于任何一州或几州的反对合众国当

局的暴力行为，都可以依据具体情况视为叛乱或革命行为。

因此我认为,从宪法和法律的角度来看，联邦是不容分裂的；我也将竭尽全力，按照宪法明确赋于我的责任，坚决负责让联邦的一切法令在所有各州得以贯彻执行。这样做，我认为只是履行我应负的简单职责；只要是可行的，我就一定要履行它，除非我的合法的主人美国人民，收回赋予我的不可缺少的工具，或行使他们的权威，命令我采取相反的行动。我相信我这话决不会被看成是一种恫吓，而只会被看作实现联邦已公开宣布的目的，它必将按照宪法保卫和维持它自己的存在。

22 务。尽管按严格的法律规定，政府有权强制履行这些职责，但一定要那样做，必然非常使人不愉快，也几乎不切实际，所以我认为最好还是暂时先把这些职责放一放。

至于说某些地方总有些人不顾一切一心想破坏联邦，并不惜以任何借口图谋不轨，我不打算肯定或否定；如果确有这样一些人，我不必要再对他们讲什么。但对那些真正热爱联邦的人,我不可以讲几句吗?

在我们着手研究如此严重的一件事情之前，那就是要把我们的国家组织连同它的一切利益，一切记忆和一切希望全给消灭掉，难道明智的做法不是先仔细研究一下那样做究竟是为了什么?当事实上极有可能你企图逃避的祸害并不存在的时候，你还会不顾一切采取那种贻害无穷的步骤吗?或者你要逃避的灾祸虽确实存在，而在你逃往的地方却有更大的灾祸在等着你；那你会往那里逃吗?你会冒险犯下如此可怕的一个错误吗?

大家都说，如果宪法中所规定的一切权利都确实得到执行，那他也就会留在联邦里。那么，真有什么如宪法申明文规定的权利被否定了吗?我想没有。很幸运，人的头脑是这样构造出来的，没有一个党敢于如此冒天下之大不韪。如果可能，请你们讲出哪怕是一个例子来，说明有什么宪法中明文规定的条款是没有得到执行的。如果多数派完全靠人数上的优势，剥夺掉少数派宪法上明文规定的权利，这件事从道义的角度来看，也许可以说革命是正当的——如果被剥夺的是极为重要的权利，那革命就肯定无疑是合理行动。但我们的情况却并非如此。少数派和个人的一切重要权利，在宪法中，通过肯定和否定、保证和禁令；都一一向他们作了明确保证,以致关于这类问题，从来也没有引起过争论。但是，在制订基本法时却不可能对实际工作中出现的任何问题，都一一写下可以立即加以应用的条文。再高明的预见也不可能料定未来的一切，任何长度适当的文件也不可能包容下针对一切可能发生的问题的条文。逃避劳役的人到底应该由联邦政府交还还是由州政府交还呢?宪法上没有具体规定。国会可以在准州禁止奴隶制吗?宪法没有具体规定。国会必须保护准州的奴隶制吗?宪法也没有具体规定。

从这类问题中引出了我们对宪法问题的争端，并因这类问题使我们分成了多数派和少数派。如果少数派不肯默认，多数派便必须默认，否则政府便只好停止工作了。再没有任何别的路可走；要让政府继续行

24 使职权，便必须要这一方或那一方默认。在这种情况下，如果一个少数派宁可脱离也决不默认，那他们也就开创将来必会使他们分裂和毁灭的先例；因为，当多数派拒绝接受这样一个少数派的控制的时候，他们中的少数派便必会从他们之中再脱离出去。比如说，一个新的联盟的任何一部分，在一两年之后，为什么就不会像现在的联邦中的一些部分坚决要脱离出去一样，执意要从从那个新联盟中脱离出去。所有怀着分裂联邦思想的人现在都正接受着分裂思想的教育。难道要组成一个新联邦的州，它们的利益竟会是那样完全一致，它们只会有和谐，而不会再出现脱离行动吗?

25 同时裁决还有机会被驳回，不致成为以后判案的先例，那这种过失比起其它的过失来当然更让人容易忍受。同时，正直的公民必须承认，如果政府在有关全体人民利害的重大问题的政策，都得由最高法院的裁决，作出决定那一旦对个人之间的一般诉讼作出裁决时，人民便已不再是自己的主人，而达到了将他们的政府交给那个高于一切的法庭的地步了。我这样说，决无意对法院或法官表示不满。一件案子按正常程序送到他们面前，对它作出正当裁决，是他们的不可推卸的责任；如果别的人硬要把他们的判决用来达到政治目的，那并不是他们的过错。

我国有一部分人相信奴隶制是正确的。应该扩展，而另一部分人又相信它是错误的，不应该扩展。这是唯一的实质性的争执，宪法中有关逃亡奴隶的条款，以及制止对外奴隶贸易的法

律，在一个人民的道德观念并不支持该法的，社会里，它们的执行情况也许不次于任何一项法律所能达到的程度。在两种情况下，绝大多数的人都遵守枯燥乏味的法律义务，但又都有少数人不听那一套。关于这一点，我想，要彻底解决是根本不可能的；如果寸巴两个地区分离。以后，情况只会更坏。对外奴隶贸易现在并未能完全加以禁止，最后在一个地区中必将全面恢复；对于逃亡奴隶，在另一个地区，现在送回的只是一部分，将来会完全不肯交出来了。

26 就自然条件而言，我们是不能分离的。我们决不能把我们的各个地区相互搬开，也不可能在它们之间修建起一道无法逾越的高墙。一对夫妻可以离婚，各走各的路，彼此再不见面。但我们国家的各部分可无法这么办。它们只能面对面相处，友好也罢。仇视也罢，他们仍必须彼此交往。我们维道能有任何办法使得这种交往在分离之后，比分离：之前更为有利，更为令，人满意吗?难道在外人之间订立条约，比在朋友之间制订法律还更为容易吗?难道在外人之间履行条约，比在朋友之间按法律办事还更忠实吗?就算你们决定。诉诸战争，你们，总不能永远打下去吧；最后当两败俱伤而双方都一无所获时，你们停止战斗，那时依照什么条件相互交往，这同一个老问题仍会照样摆在你们面前了。

27 我还不禁要补充一点，在我看来，采取举行会议的方式似乎更好一些，这样可以使修订方案完全由人民自己提出，而不是只让他们去接受或拒绝一些并非特别为此目的而选出的一些人提出的方案，因为也可能那些方案恰恰并不是他们愿意接受或拒绝的。我了解到现在已有人提出一项宪法修正案——这修正案我并没有看到，但在国会中已经通过了，大意说，联邦政府将永远不再干涉各州内部制度，包括那些应服劳役者的问题。为了使我讲的话不致被误解，我现在改变我不谈具体修正案的原来的打算，明确声明，这样一个条款，既然现在可能列入宪法，我不反对使它成为明确而不可改动的条文。

合众国总统的一切权威都来之于人民，人民并没有授于他规定条件让各州脱离出去的权力。人民自己如果要那样干，那自然也是可以的；可是现在的行政当局不能这样做。他的职责，是按照他接任时的样子管理这个政府，然后,毫无损伤地再移交给他的继任者。

我们为什么不能耐心地坚决相信人民的最终的公道呢?难道在整个世界上还有什么更好的，或与之相等的希望吗?在我们今天的分歧中，难道双方不都是认为自己正确吗?如果万国的全能统治者，以他的永恒的真理和公正，站在你们北方一边，或你们南方一边，那么，依照美国人民这一伟大法官的判决，真理和公正必将胜利。

28 按照目前我们生活其下的现政府的构架，我国人民十分明智；授于他们的公仆的胡作非为的权力是微乎其微的；而且同样还十分明智地规定，即使那点微乎其微的权力，经过很短一段时间后，就必须收回到他们自己手中。

由于人民保持他们的纯正和警惕，任何行政当局，在短短的四年之中，也不可能用极其恶劣或愚蠢的行为对这个政府造成严重的损害。

我的同胞们，请大家对这整个问题平心静气地好好想一想，真正有价值的东西是不会因从容从事而丧失的。如果有个什么目标使你迫不及待地要取得它，你采取的步骤是在审慎考虑的

情况下不会采取的，那个目标的确可能会由于你的从容不迫而达不到；但一个真正好的自标是不会因为从容从事而失去的。你们中现在感到不满的人，仍然必须遵守原封未动的老宪法，新个敏感的问题上，仍然有根据宪法制订的法律；而对此二者，新政府即使想要加以改变，它自身也立即无此权力。即使承认你们那些心怀不满的人在这一争执中站在正确的一边，那也丝毫没有正当的理由要采取贸然行动。明智、爱国主义、基督教精神，以及对从未抛弃过这片得天独厚的土地的上帝的依赖，仍然完全能够以最理想的方式来解决我们当前的一切困难。

29 决定内战这个重大问题的是你们，我的心怀不满的同胞们，而并非决定于我。政府决不会攻击你们。只要你们自己不当侵略者，就不会发生冲突。你们并没有对天发誓必须毁灭这个政

府，而我却曾无比庄严地宣誓，一定要“保持、保护和保卫”这个政府。

The Gettysburg Addre

Gettysburg, Pennsylvania

November 19, 1863

Fourscore and seven years ago,our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new nation,conceived and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.

But, in a larger sense,we can not dedicate,we can not consecrate,we can not hallow this ground.The brave men,living and dead,have consecrated it far above our power to add or detract.The world will little note what we say here,but it can never forget what they did here.It is for us,the living,rather to be dedicated to the great task remaining before us,that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion,that the nation shall have a new birth of freedom,that the goverment of the people by the people and for the people shall not perish from the earth.

主讲：亚伯拉罕〃林肯

时间：1863年11月19日

地点：美国，宾夕法尼亚，葛底斯堡

八十七年前，我们先辈在这个大陆上创立了一个新国家，它孕育于自由之中，奉行一切人生来平等的原则。

32 Abraham Lincoln 亚伯拉罕．林肯（1809－1865），美国第十六任总统（1861－1865）。他自修法律，以反对奴隶制的纲领当选为总统，导致南方诸州脱离联邦。在由此引起的南北战争（1861－1865）中，他作为总统，发挥了美国历史上最有效、最鼓舞人心的领导作用，以其坚定的信念、深远的眼光和完美无缺的政治手腕，成功地引导一个处于分裂的国家度过了其历史上流血最多的内战，从而换救了联邦。他致力于推进全人类的民主、自由和平等，以最雄辩的语言阐述了人道主义的思想，不失时机地发表《解放黑奴宣言》，因而被后人尊称为“伟大的解放者”。林肯不仅是一个伟大的总统，更是一个伟人。他出生于社会低层，具有勤劳简朴、谦虚和诚恳的美德。在美国历届总统中，林肯堪称是最平易近人的一位。林肯的著作主要是演讲词和书信，以朴素庄严、观点明确、思想丰富、表达灵活、适应对象并具有特殊的美国风味见称。此篇演讲是美国文学中最漂亮、最富有诗意的文章之一。虽然这是一篇庆祝军事胜利的演说，但它没有好战之气。相反，这是一篇感人肺腑的颂辞，赞美那些作出最后牺牲的人们，以及他们为之献身的那些理想。其中“政府应为民有、民治、民享”的名言被人们广为传颂。

Fellow-Countrymen:

At this second appearing to take the oath of the presidential office there is

33 le occasion for an extended addre than there was at the first.Then a statement somewhat in detail of a course to be pursued seemed fitting and proper.Now, at the expiration of four years, during which public declarations have been constantly called forth on every point and phase of his great contest which still absorbs the attention and engroes the energies of the nation, little that is new could be presented.The progre of our arms, upon which all else chiefly depends, is as well known to the public as to myself, and it is, I trust, reasonably satisfactory and encouraging to all.With high hope for the future, no prediction in regard to it is ventured.

All knew that this interest was somehow the cause of the war.To

34 strengthen, perpetuate, and extend this interest was the object for which the insurgents would rend the union even by war, while the Government claimed no right to do more than to restrict the territorial enlargement of it.Neither party expected for the war the magnitude or the duration, which it has already attained.Neither anticipated that the cause of the conflict might cease with or even before the conflict itself should cease.Each looked for an easier triumph, and a result le fundamental and astounding.Both read the same Bible and pray to the same God, and each invokes His aid against the other. It may seem strange that any men should dare to ask a just God\'s aistance in wringing their bread from the sweat of other men\'s faces, but let us judge not, that we be not judged.That of neither has been answered fully.The Almighty has His own purposes.\"Woe unto the world because of offenses; for it must need be that offenses come, but woe to that man by whom the offense comet.\" If we shall suppose that American slavery is one of those offenses which, in the providence of God, must needs come, but which, having continued through His appointed time, He now wills to remove, and that He gives to both North and South this terrible war as the woe due to those by whom the offense came, shall we discern there in any departure from those divine attributes which the believers in a living God always ascribe to Him?

Fondly do we hope, fervently do we pray that this mighty scourge of war

35 may speedily pa away? Yet, if God wills that it continue until all the wealth piled by the bondsman\'s two hundred and fifty years of unrequited toil shall be sunk, and until every drop of blood drawn with the lash shall be paid by another drawn with the sword, as was said three thousand years ago so still it must be said \"The judgments of the Lord are true and righteous altogether.\"

【导读】在林肯总统发表这第二次就职演说时，南方叛军败局已定。在过去的六个月，谢尔曼的军队横扫亚特兰大直至西海岸，又率军北征；格兰特的军队已把弗吉尼亚残余南军围在里奇蒙特，林肯总统也会见了南部的首批和谈代表。胜利之时，林肯总统忧心忡忡，这

36 在他站在国会山的第二次就职演说中均有反应。他最后表达的 With malice toward none; with charity for all “休怀歹念，善待人人” 饱含宽恕和慈爱，而今已响彻全世界。全文读来音韵铿锵，典雅高贵，雄浑凝重，是英文的典范，堪与其葛底斯堡演说相媲美，堪称是林肯总统一生政治思想凝练成的璞玉纯金，也可以说是林肯总统的天鹅之歌或临终遗言，六周以后，在复活节的前夜，林肯总统被刺，死在一家旅馆陌生人的床上。后来南方人也渐渐认识到这次布斯刺杀林肯事件意味着什么，称之为“弑父”。林肯总统有着耶稣一样的慈悲心，有着数不清的传说。在我心目中，他是美国的骄傲。至于他在美国文学史上的地位自不待言，美国的权威评论一致认为他是驾驭英语的大师。而这文字就是出自一个没有受过多少正规教育的西部荒野的自学成才的穷孩子之手！关键就在于林肯总统有一颗仁爱的心，“他的作品永远代表人民的心声，并融合着质朴和崇高。而他不得不说出来的那些话总是很好地体现了人类的同情和高贵。他的文字已经作为人类语言自身的精华被世界接受和珍藏。”

现在，让我们来诵读这一经典吧。

同胞们：

值此第二次宣誓就任总统之际，实无必要像第一次宣誓时发表长篇演说。但对所追求的事业详细阐明自己的主张是相宜和适当的。在过去的四年里，公共舆论一再就这重大军事行动的方方面面争论不休，迄

37 今仍若人注意，耗费着国力，我实在没有什么新见解呈上。我们的军事进展，乃国运之所系，大家和我一样耳熟能详。而且这一点，我相信，我们有理由满意和受到鼓舞。除了对未来寄予厚望，我实在无话

可说。

相比四年前，所有的心思都导向迫在眉睫的战争。大家都害怕它，都想设法避免它。当时的就职演说就发自这里，表明要全力以赴不通过战争拯救联邦。本城的叛乱官员也曾千方百计想兵不血刃摧毁联邦，通过媾和，消解联邦和使其失效。两党都不主张战争，但其中一党宁愿开战不惜让联邦解体，而另一党则接受战争为合众国的生存。于

是，战争就来了。

这国家有八分之一的人是有色人种奴隶，且分布并不平衡，基本集中于南部。这些奴隶组成了一个特殊的强大的利益群体。众所周知，这群体的利益就是战争的部分起因。加强，持久并扩大这一利益就是叛乱者迫使联邦要做的，甚至不惜武力；而政府宣称除了限制无权扩大其领地范围。没有哪一方希望战争，因为数量和现状是既成事实。没有哪一方认为以前，或今后冲突的原因会随着冲突本身停止。双方都在寻找轻而易举的胜利，结果不要那样突然和彻底。双方都读着同一本圣经，祈求同一个上帝，祈求他的帮助去反对对方。这似乎有点奇怪，有人竟敢祈求公正的上帝去帮助自己抢夺别人通过汗水获得的面包，不过，还是让我们不要评判他人免得被他人所评判，双方的祈祷都未得到回应，或没有完全被回应。全能的主有他的用意。“这世界有祸了，因为将人绊倒！绊倒人的事是免不了的，但那绊倒人的有祸

38 了！”如果我们设想美国的奴隶制是获得上帝允许的一种难以避免的不公，那么也已经延续到他收回的时间。他现在要把它移除。于是他给了北方和南方这场可怕的战争，这场灾祸，给绊倒人的人们。对于那些虔诚信仰和赞美他并相信他活生生存在的人们，还能有别的解释吗？我们虔诚地希望----我们热诚地祈祷，这巨大的战争苦难能赶快过去。而且，如果这是上帝的意旨，二百五十年奴隶们积累的财富要毁于一旦，皮鞭上抽出的每一滴血都要通过刀剑来偿还，正如三千年前所说，仍然必须承认：“主的审判是真实和正义的。” 休怀歹念，善待人人。坚信正义，因为上帝让我们亲见。让我们戮力完成未竟的事业，包扎好国家的伤口。缅怀烈士，悉心照看好遗孀和遗孤，竭尽全力在我们中和同所有的民族，达成并保持公正持久的和

平。

第14篇：林肯

林肯在葛底斯堡的演讲

《林肯在葛底斯堡的演讲》是南北内战中为纪念在葛底斯堡战役中阵亡战士所做的一篇演讲。是林肯最出名的演讲，也是美国文学中最漂亮、最富有诗意的文章之一，用时不到2分钟

1863年7月3日葛底斯堡战役是美国南北战争中最为残酷的一战，这是南北战争的转折点。这场战役交战双方共死了51000人，而当时美国只有几百万人口。四个月后林肯总统到葛底斯堡战场访问，为这场伟大战役的阵亡将士墓举行落成仪式。

这篇演说是在1863年11月19日发表的。这篇演讲被认为是英语演讲中的最高典范，尤其重要的是，林肯在演讲中表达了一个政府存在的目的——民有、民治、民享。其演讲手稿被藏于美国国会图书馆，其演说辞被铸成金文，长存于牛津大学。至今，人们也常在许多重要场合提起或朗诵它。

虽然这是一篇庆祝军事胜利的演说，但它没有好战之气。相反，这是一篇感人肺腑的颂辞，赞美那些作出最后牺牲的人们，以及他们为之献身的那些理想。

The Gettysburg Addre Gettysburg, Pennsylvania November 19, 1863

Fourscore and seven years ago,our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new nation,conceived and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.

八十七年前，我们先辈在这个大陆上创立了一个新国家，它孕育于自由之中，奉行一切人生来平等的原则

Now we are egaged in a great civil war,testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and dedicated can long endure.We are met on the battelfield of that war.We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final-resting place for those who gave their lives that the nation might live.It is altogether and proper that we should do this.我们正从事一场伟大的内战，以考验这个国家，或者任何一个孕育于自由和奉行上述原则的国家是否能够长久存在下去。我们在这场战争中的一个伟大战场上集会。烈士们为使这个国家能够生存下去而献出了自己的生命，我们来到这里，是要把这个战场的一部分奉献给他们作为最后安息之所。我们这样做是完全应该而且非常恰当的。

主讲：亚伯拉罕·林肯

时间：1863年11月19日

地点：美国，宾夕法尼亚，葛底斯堡

八十七年前，我们先辈在这个大陆上创立了一个新国家，它孕育于自由之中，奉行一切人生来平等的原则。

第15篇：林肯首任就职演讲翻译练习

First Inaugural Addre of Abraham Lincoln MONDAY, MARCH 4, 1861

Fellow-Citizens of the United States:

I do not consider it neceary at present for me to discu those matters of administration about which there is no special anxiety or excitement.

I have no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery in the States where it exists.I believe I have no lawful right to do so, and I have no inclination to do so.

There is much controversy about the delivering up of fugitives from service or labor.The clause I now read is as plainly written in the Constitution as any other of its provisions:

But if destruction of the Union by one or by a part only of the States be lawfully poible, the Union is le perfect than before the Constitution, having lost the vital element of perpetuity.

3 indicated will be followed unle current events and experience shall show a modification or change to be proper, and in every case and exigency my best discretion will be exercised, according to circumstances actually existing and with a view and a hope of a peaceful solution of the national troubles and the restoration of fraternal sympathies and affections.

Is there such perfect identity of interests among the States to compose a new union as to produce harmony only and

4 prevent renewed seceion?

5 faithfully enforced between aliens than laws can among friends? Suppose you go to war, you can not fight always; and when, after much lo on both sides and no gain on either, you cease fighting, the identical old questions, as to terms of intercourse, are again upon you.

6 frustrated by taking time; but no good object can be frustrated by it.Such of you as are now diatisfied still have the old Constitution unimpaired, and, on the sensitive point, the laws of your own framing under it; while the new Administration will have no immediate power, if it would, to change either.If it were admitted that you who are diatisfied hold the right side in the dispute, there still is no single good reason for precipitate action.Intelligence, patriotism, Christianity, and a firm reliance on Him who has never yet forsaken this favored land are still competent to adjust in the best way all our present difficulty.

第16篇：confidence&林肯演讲&the meaning of life&ki of reality

The Gettysburg Addre  Gettysburg, Pennsylvania  November 19, 1863 

Fourscore and seven years ago,our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new nation,conceived and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. 

Now we are egaged in a great civil war,testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and dedicated can long endure.We are met on the battelfield of that war.We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final-resting place for those who gave their lives that the nation might live.It is altogether and proper that we should do this. 

But, in a larger sense,we can not dedicate,we can not consecrate,we can not hallow this ground.The brave men,living and dead,have consecrated it far above our power to add or detract.The world will little note what we say here,but it can never forget what they did here.It is for us,the living,rather to be dedicated to the great task remaining before us,that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion,that the nation shall have a new birth of freedom,that the goverment of the people by the people and for the people shall not perish from the earth.

Confidence Every day is a new day in our life.There is much to do today.The early morning sun inspires us to start things freshly and put back our past.Only a handful of us make use of this fresh bunch of energy.In various walis of life this affects the way we behave and our confidence level.Confidence is a key to survive in this world.It is the only key tool to win the rat race in every walk of life.Confidence in ones owns capabilities combined with sincere efforts help one to achieve unthinkable heights.But many times we see that this basic element of confidence is miing in us.As a result of lack of confidence we perform well below our caliber.Be it in a public speech, proposing your beloved, visas for your college or in an interview or say even on the eve before your exams.This can be due to fear of being rejected or any other reason.If we look into our hearts and think, we will come to know that fear inside us I going to get us nowhere.The confidence inside us is going to take us places.This is because with confidence we can put our thoughts into words in a better and pleasing way.So we have to get out of that shell where we think whether people will accept us as we are? Instead of living in these unending moments of fear and thoughtle analysis, it is better if we project ourselves with the skills we have with the glo of confidence.With confidence we can portray the finer points of our personality in such a way that the places where we do lack are never highlighted.Confidence should glow in us only till the point where our personality is boosted.Above this it leads to over-confidence that is harmful.Over-confidence results in unsatisfied performance levels as the seed of ego grows into a plant into our mind.We then imagine and make big talks just to maintain our ego.So guys don’t let the seed of ego to germinate in your mind, as this seed should be used only for you to live up to your expectations.Confidence is all about being cool, calm and composed.So guys do you have it in you?If you think you don\'t,boost up yourselves as your mind is your greatest mentor.You are your greatest helper.

Life is never just being.It is becoming a relentle, flowing on.Our parents live on through us,and we will live on through our children.The institutions we build endure,and we will endure through them.The beauty we fashion cannot be dimmed by death.Our flesh may perish,our hands will wither,but that which they creat in beauty and goodne and truth lives on for all time to come.Don\'t spend and waste your lives accumulating objects that will only turn to dust and ashes.Pusue not so much the material as the ideal,for ideals alone invest life with meaning and are of enduring worth.Add love to a house and you have a home.Add righteousne to a city and you have a community.Add truth to a pile of red brick and you have a school.Add religion to the hublest of edifices and you have a sanctuary.Add justice to the far-flung round of human endeavor and you have civilization.Put them all together,exalt them above their present imperfections, add to them the vision of humankind redeemed,forever free of need and strife and you have a future lighted with the radiant colors of hope.[NoPage

Ki of Reality To talk of illusions, are\'t they great? illusion or day dreaming help us to think of what we want to become in life.We literally see how life revolves us in that position .It\'s an entirely different world of pleasure, comfort and imagination.Most of our day dreaming or illusions make us more and more egocentric.The word ego means self .Hence by dreaming and visualization we become self-centered.We never realize that things we dream of can be achieved by us by programming ourselves to work for it .But somehow the pleasure of dreaming ourselves as someone important takes us away from the realistic approach to achieve that level of self-satisfaction and self-accomplishment.

幻想对于我们来说不美妙吗？在我们一生中，是幻想，或者是说，是白日梦，让我们去思考成为什么样的人．我们认真的观察我们的生命是循着怎样的一条轨道．那时严格完全不同的世界，它充满了愉悦＼轻松和创意．我们的大多数幻想和白日梦会使得我们越来越以自我为中心．＂ＥＧＯ＂这个词的意思是自我．由于幻想，我们变得以自我为中心．我们从未有意识到，我们所梦想的事情是可以通过我们周详的计划去实现的．但不知何故，幻想成为某个著名人物的愉悦，却使我们远离了能够与满意和成就真实接触的机会．

This leads to an increase in the frustration levels of our mind .Why frustrations? This is because what we are, and what we dream of are totally different .We raise ourselves to a very high pedestal and we see that we are not able to live up to our expectations.And when this happens, we become mentally restle.

无边际的幻想导致我们挫折感越来越强．为什么会这样？那是因为现实中的我们和幻想中的我们完全不同．我们把自己提到一个很高的层面，但实际上，我们根本不可能心如所愿．而每每想到这，我们便会焦虑不按．

The vital solution that will diolve all our problems is to make up our minds to get realistic .This approach will make us come in terms with reality.And there is no better road to self-improvement rather than the path of reality.When you gauge yourself , you subconsciously make two columns in your mind.One consists of the things that you are good at ,and the other consists of the ares where you can improve.And believe it will boost us to work on our weak areas and strengthen them.Fortifying your weak areas will harne your conscience and improve you convert would be to must be.And when someting must happen, it always happens.This new you will improve you for the better and increase your levels of self-esteem.It will change your outlook to things.

要想解决所有的这些问题，我们必须让自己变得现实些，这样将使得我们接触现实．没有比了解实际情况更能够提高我们自己的了．当你评价你自己的时候，在我们脑海中，会下意识的用两种不同的方式．一种包括我们所擅长的方面，另一种则是我们能够有所改进的．相信我这是一个好的开始，它将促使我们不断的改进＼完善自我．这就像给我们的良知套上了缰绳，使我们的不足的方面得到改善，提高我们的自信．有了自信，我们就会收获我们想要的结果．当某些事情要发生的时候，它总会发生的．崭新的，充满自信的我们又会促进我们的发展，并且提高我们的自信心．这将会改变我们对事物的看法． I would like to type the thoughts that have just sprung up in my mind.Read and ponder on each line.I admit that it\'s a sad aim at poetry, but I am allowing my mind to control my typing.我喜欢把那些从我大脑里跳出来的每一个想法记录下来．我静静的读并且认真思考每一行，我承认它也许不是一首好诗，但是，我可以说，我记录下来的都是我思想的每一个微粒． If you want to achieve what you couldn\'t have 如果你想要做到你能力之外的事情 If you want to be what you want to be 如果你想要成为你所期望的样子 If you want to do what you can do, 如果你想要做你能够做的， but aren\'t doing 但你没有做 If there is a place,you want to be 如果有一个地方，你想要去 but haven\'t been 但却没有去 You will get there, become the one and do it 你今后一定会到那里，成为那个成功到达的人 Cos its all in a state of mind.因为成和败全都在你的思想 Make up your mind and rule the stars.下定决心你就可以支配你的命数 Control your mind and make your fate.管制你的思想就可以改变自己的命运

I hope this conveys my thoughts with clarity.So it\'s some advice and suggestion to all those eyeballs running through this part of the book, to keep their heads on their shoulders without using heads and shoulders! And believe me guys; you guys have it in you to make it big .Just don\'t let that teenage iconoclastic habit rule over sense.

我希望这些话，清楚的表达了我的思想．对正在观看这部分书的人来说它是建议和忠告，使他们能够有自己的想法，无须提醒．相信我，你们身上也有这些让幻想成为现实的潜能．不要让十几岁的叛逆心理控制了自己的理智． [NoPage

第17篇：在林肯纪念馆的演讲中文

我要感谢所有用歌声和语言提醒我们有多么热爱美国的发言者和表演者。我要感谢冒着严寒千里迢迢赶来的人们。欢迎来到华盛顿，欢迎来到这次庆典。在我们的历史上，只有少数几代人被要求面对如此前所未有的严重挑战。我们的国家在战争。我们的经济正处于危机。成千上万的美国人失去了他们的工作和家庭；他们担心无法供自己的孩子上大学，他们担心付不起餐桌上一堆的账单。更重要的是，他们对于未来充满了焦虑和不确定-美国的这一代人能否将这个国家最优秀的本质传承和发扬下去。

我不会假装说以上的任何一个挑战可以轻松应付过去。这可能会花去超过一个月，或者一年甚至许多年的时间。沿途会有挫折，会走弯路，也会经受解决国家基本问题的考验。

即使那样，即使挡在我们面前的考验是如此的艰巨。我今天仍然是比任何时候都更满怀希望地站在这里，相信着美利坚合众国能够排除万难，重新崛起，开国先驱的梦想在我们心中永不磨灭。

是我穿过这个广场所看到的给予了我希望。凿在这些纪念碑里面那些难以置信的故事申明了我们不屈的信念。一个在美国一切皆有可能的信念。我们面前所纪念的那个伟人，正是全凭心中这股信念，领导一小队农民和商人发起了抵抗帝国统治强大军队的革命。

下面的那块地是对饱受战争与忧伤的那一代人的赞颂。那些与我祖父母并无二样的男人和女人们长途跋涉向欧洲行军，把世界从专制统治中解放出来。正对着我们的那个水池，倒映着一代君主的梦想，以及为了下一代能够获得平等而拼杀在前线的人们流下的鲜血与荣耀。而在我身后坐着那个俯视他所拯救的国家的男人，是他使今天的一切成为了可能。

然而今天，我站在这里，给予我最大鼓舞的不是四周的这些大理石像，而是被它们围绕在当中的人们。是你们，不同种族不同信仰不同身份的你们，聚集在这里相信着这个国家的可能性并愿意为此而付出努力的你们。

从两年前我开始角逐这场竞选，一直都是同一样东西给予我希望；直到今天我仍然相信，只要我们彼此尊重彼此承认并团结起来-民主党人，共和党人，自由人士;拉丁人，亚洲人，美洲土着人；黑人和白人，同性恋者和异性恋者，残疾人和健康的人-那么我们不但能重拾失去的信心与机会，或者，只是或者，我们能使我们的国家变得更加美好。

这就是我所相信的，是你们使我梦想成真。你们再一次证明了只要爱这个国家就能改变她。我即将就任，我会把你们的呼声一同带入总统办公室。那些有着不同经历却怀着同样希望的人们的声音，那些保留着使我们成为一个美国人的最本质部分的人们的声音。我们会尽力改变我们的生活，并看着我们的孩子取得更大的成就。

是这场危机使我们团结到一起共同努力，在这个广场留下值得纪念的此刻，把我们和之前为这个国家抗争与牺牲的人们联系到了一起。

这就是这个国家如何得以跨越最大的差别与最远的距离，因为没有任何障碍，可以阻挡得了数以万计要求改变的呼声。

这就是这次竞选一开始的信念，也是使得我们克服面前困难的方法。毫无疑问，道路将会艰险而曲折，攀登的历程将会崎岖而陡峭。但永远不要忘记显示国家本质的魅力不会是在一帆风顺的时候，而正正是在排除万难之后。我请求你们再次共同使这个国家彰显出她本质的魅力，连同我们祖先遗留下来的精神，作为一个国家，一个整体，一起庆祝。

谢谢你，美国，上帝保佑你！

第18篇：林肯葛底斯堡演讲中英文

在八十七年前，我们的国父们在这块土地上创建一个新的国家，乃基于对自由的坚信，并致力于所有人皆生而平等的信念。 Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.当下吾等被卷入一场伟大的内战，以考验是否此国度，或任何肇基于和奉献于斯者，可永垂不朽。吾等现相逢于此战中一处浩大战场。而吾等将奉献此战场之部分，作为这群交付彼者生命让那国度勉能生存的人们最后安息之处。此乃全然妥切且适当而为吾人应行之举。

Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure.We are met on a great battle field of that war.We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives to that nation might live.It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.但，于更大意义之上，吾等无法致力、无法奉上、无法成就此土之圣。这群勇者，无论生死，曾于斯奋战到底，早已使其神圣，而远超过吾人卑微之力所能增减。这世间不曾丝毫留意，也不长久记得吾等于斯所言，但永不忘怀彼人于此所为。吾等生者，理应当然，献身于此辈鞠躬尽瘁之未完大业。吾等在此责无旁贷献身于眼前之伟大使命：自光荣的亡者之处吾人肩起其终极之奉献—吾等在此答应亡者之死当非徒然—此国度，于神佑之下，当享有自由之新生—民有、民治、民享之政府当免于凋零。

But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate—we can not consecrate—we can not hallow—this ground.The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract.The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced.It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us — that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion — that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain — that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom — and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

第19篇：双语名人演讲稿林肯的第二次演讲(双语)

constantly called forth on every point and phase of his great contest which still absorbs the attention and engroes the energies of the nation, little that is new could be presented.The progre of our arms, upon which all else chiefly

depends, is as well known to the public as to myself, and it is, I trust, reasonably satisfactory and encouraging to all.With high hope for the future, no prediction in regard to it is ventured.

On the occasion corresponding to this four years ago all thoughts were

anxiously directed to an impending civil war.All dreaded it; all sought to avert it.While the inaugural addre was being delivered from this place, devoted altogether to saving teing delivered from thisurgent agents were in the city seeking to destroy it without war-seeking to diolve the Union and divide effects by negotiation.Both parties deprecated war, but one of them would make war rather than let the nation survive, and the other would accept war rather than let it perish, and the war came.

One-eighth of the whole population were colored slaves, not distributed

generally over the Union, but localized in the southern part of it.Their slaves constituted a peculiar and powerful interest.All knew that this interest was somehow the cause of the war.To strengthen, perpetuate, and extend this interest was the object for which the insurgents would rend the Union even by

war, while the Government claimed no right to do more than to restrict theterritorialen largement of it.Neither party expected for the war the

magnitude or the duration, which it has already attained.Neither anticipated that the cause of the conflict might cease with or even before the conflict itself should cease.Each looked for an easier triumph, and a result le fundamental and astounding.Both read the same Bible and pray to the same God, and each invokes His aid against the other.It may seem strange that any men should dare to ask a just God\'s aistance in wringing their bread from the sweat of other men\'s faces, but let us judge not, that we be not judged.That of neither has been answered fully.The Almighty has His own purposes.\"Woe unto the world because of offenses; for it must need be that offenses come, but woe to that man by whom the offense comet.\" If we shall suppose that American slavery is one of those offenses which, in the providence of God, must needs come, but which, having continued through His appointed time, He now wills to remove, and that He gives to both North and South this terrible war as the woe due to those by whom the offense came, shall we discern there in any departure from those divine attributes which the believers in a living God always ascribe to Him? Fondly do we hope, fervently do we pray that this mighty scourge of war may speedily pa away? Yet, if God wills that it continue until all the wealth piled by the bondsman\'s two hundred and fifty years of unrequited toil shall be sunk, and until every drop of blood drawn with the lash shall be paid by another drawn with the sword, as was said three thousand years ago so still it must be said \"The judgments of the Lord are true and righteous altogether.\"

在我现在第二次来到这里宣誓就任总统职位的时候，就不十分必要像第十次就职时那样作长篇演说了。那时，一篇关于我将采取的方针的比较详尽的说明，似乎是比较合适和理所当然的。可是现在，四年任期刚刚结束，在这期间，关于那至今仍吸引着举国上下的注意，消耗着全民的精力的巨大斗争的各个阶段的任何一个细节，随时都有公告发奉，现在也实在再没有多少新东西可讲了。关于我们的军事进展情况——它是其它一切的主要依靠所在——，公众也了解得和我本人一样清楚；而且我相信对所有的人来说都是相当满意和令人鼓舞的。既然对未来充满了希望，那么在这里也就无意冒昧作出预测了。

第20篇：林肯演讲(史上最富盛名的演讲之一)

The Gettysburg Addre

Abraham Lincoln

Four score and seven years ago ，our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure.We are met on a great battle-field of that war.We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live.It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.

But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can not hallow -- this ground.The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract.The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced.It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.八十七年以前，我们的祖先在这大陆上建立了一个国家，它孕育于自由，并且献身给一种理念，即所有人都是生来平等的。

可是，就更深一层意义而言，我们是无从奉献这片土地的--无从使它成为圣地--也不能把它变为人们景仰之所。那些在这里战斗的勇士，活着的和死去的，已使这块土地神圣化了，远非我们的菲薄能力所能左右。

世人会不大注意，更不会长久记得我们在此地所说的话，然而他们将永远忘不了这些人在这里所做的事。相反，我们活着的人应该献身于那些曾在此作战的人们所英勇推动但尚未完成的工作。我们应该在此献身于我们面前所留存的伟大工作--由于他们的光荣牺牲，我们要更坚定地致力于他们曾作最后全部贡献的那个事业--我们在此立志宣誓，不能让他们白白死去--要使这个国家在上帝的庇佑之下，得到新生的自由--要使那民有、民治、民享的政府不致从地球上消失。(翻译可能不很准确，如要准确，请查询专业书籍)

林肯为了充实自己，他首先选择优秀作品进行朗读、吟诵甚至背诵。据说他最喜欢背诵和朗读的是拜伦和勃朗宁的作品，有诗曰：“攻破拜伦两卷书，万千精蕴自可得”。莎翁悲剧的很多段落林肯也能够倒背如流。据说他曾将自己关在地下室中不出来，大有不练出个样儿来誓不罢休的劲头。林肯的口才训练很有些章法的。他将低声、高声、快速三种朗读方法结合起来，而且还训练自己学会模仿不同人物角色的各种语音语调，并练习面向观众进行朗读演讲。我们不是有过“大嘴英语”、“疯狂英语”等学习光盘吗，看来都有林肯的这些训练思想在其中呢！

林肯是真正作到了“语不惊人死不休”，一语要“石破天惊”。说得过分？半点不过分的。请读一读林肯 1863 年 11 月 19 日在美国葛底斯堡烈士公墓落成典礼上的那篇演讲词（Gettysburg Addre）。有评论说这篇讲话是无价之宝，感情深厚，思想集中，措辞简炼，字句朴实优雅，行文完美无疵，是演说史上的珍品。全篇演讲共 10 句话 250 多个单词，演讲总共不超过 3 分钟，尤其最后一句用了 82 个单词，包含 6 个从句呐！更不用说复杂的语义层次了。最后一个从句也是全篇演讲的结尾，结构精炼而含义深刻，提出了名垂千古的“三民主义”： government of the people, by the people, for the people(民有、民治、民享)。当然后来有人在介词上作文章，将原句中的 of，by，for 分别改为 off，buy，fool，原意就变成“一个脱离人民、收买人民、愚弄人民的政府”。虽是对林肯的戏弄，却反映了林肯的语言的“一词千金”，不是吗？owned by the people, governed by the people, serve the people.林肯总统的这篇演讲如下：

最后一句参考译文如下：

这一段是这样翻译出来的：

(1)It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us─(2)that from those honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause

(3)for which they gave the last full measure of devotion─(2)that we here highly resolve (3)that these dead shall not have died in vain─(2)that this nation, under

God, shall have a new birth of freedom─(2)and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perishfrom the earth.

分析：

这是林肯总统的“Gettysburg Addre”中最后、最重要、也是最长的一句话。词句虽稍长，并列结构多，但层次还是清楚的，一目了然。层次也不是很复杂，全句只有三个层次：主句，在全句的开始，前面标有（1）；从句，在每个“──”号之后，前面标有（2），表示第二个层次，共有四个that；从句中的从句，前面标有（3），表示第三个层次，共有两个。关键是弄清这几层之间的关系：第二层次的四个并列从句皆为task 的同位语从句；第一个第三层次的从句为 cause 的定语从句，第二个则为 resolve 的宾语从句。每个层次还有一些其它结构，如 government 后就有三个著名于世的并列的 of 短语作定语，就不一一分析了。注意全句末尾反译（反面正译）手段的运用，比较原句反面的表达：“必不致从地球上消灭。”

参考译文：

主讲：亚伯拉罕·林肯

时间：1863年11月19日

地点：美国，宾夕法尼亚，葛底斯堡

《林肯演讲.doc》