过去完成时教案模板
推荐第1篇：过去完成时教案
过去完成时教案
教学目标：
知识目标：通过复习使学生巩固有关过去完成时有关知识并能够运用所学知识解决时态的题目。
能力目标：提高学生综合运用所学知识解决问题的能力。
德育目标：通过复习使学生树立较强的自信心，形成克服困难的意志。 重点和难点：
1、正确使用过去完成时解决时态问题。
2、过去完成时和一般过去时的区别。课型：复习课
教法：讲解练习相结合 教具：课件
教学过程
一、复习导入
1、复习了解英语中的7种时态。
2、结合历届高考试题分析对时态知识的考察情况。
何时态都是“时间”与“动作的意义”的结合。过去完成时的时间很明显是“过去”；其动作的意义就是已经发生，换句话说就是完成了的情况。复习时应注意四点。
二.结构
过去完成时的基本结构是：“had + 动词的过去分词”。例如：
I had learned 2，000 English words by the end of last term.到上学期期末为止我已经学了2，000个英语单词。
三.实质
过去完成时表示在过去了的某个时间或动作之前所发生的动作，其实质就是“过去的过去”。例如：
When the teacher came into the claroom， Liu Hong had gone home.当老师走进教室时，刘红已经回家了。（“回家”发生在过去的动作“走进”之前）
四.搭档
1.“介词by +含一般过去时态的句子”。介词by 本身表示“在„„之前；到„„为止”。例如：
Edison had built a chemistry lab by the time he was ten.爱迪生十岁的时候就已经建立了一个化学实验室。
2.“时间状语从句”。例如：
When my mother got home， I had already done 10 maths problems.当妈妈到家时，我已经做了十道数学题。
3.“宾语从句”或“间接引语”。例如：
The teacher asked if we had finished doing our homework.老师问我们是否做完了作业。
He said that the had he visited the place twice.他说这个地方他已经参观过两次了。
五.注意
1.和现在完成时不同，过去完成时有时也可以用在含有表示过去的时间状语的句子中。例如：
They told me that the letter had arrived on May 3rd.他们告诉我信件五月三号就到了。
2.在since 引导的状语从句中，用一般过去时的时候较多，主句用过去完成时。例如：
I saw Zhang Na last week.We had not seen each other since we parted in Beijing.上周我见到了张娜。从北京分手后我们就再没见过面。
since 引导的时间状语从句中有时也可以用过去完成时。例如：
The girl had changed greatly since we had met each other last time.从我们上次见面以来这个女孩改变了很多。
3.intend， hope， plan， mean， want， think 等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示一个本来打算做而没有做的动作。例如：
We had hoped to catch the 8：00 train， but found it was gone.我们本来希望赶八点的火车，却发现车已经开了。
4.当主句的时态是过去时态时，在宾语从句中有明确的表示过去的时间状语时，仍用一般过去时而不用过去完成时。例如：
She said she was born in 1992.她说她是1992年出生的。 六.复习小结 七.作业
1.Exercises in the text 2.Extra homework
推荐第2篇：九年级英语过去完成时教案
2010年中考英语时态复习系列
（七）过去完成时
过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，动作发生的时间是\"过去的过去\"。它是一个相对的时态,只有在和过去某个时间或动作相比较时才会用到.E.g.By the end of the match, they had kicked two goals.We had already had lunch before we arrived there.
其结构是\"had+过去分词\".
它的否定句是在had后边加not，变一般疑问句是把had提前。 E.g.I had reached the station before 9:00 o\'clock.
I had not reached the station before 9:00 o\'clock.
Had you reached the station before 9:00 o\'clock?
它通常和before, by the end of 等引导的表示过去的时间状语连用.另外, 复合句的主句为一般过去时, 宾语从句表达过去发生的动作时,从句也要用过去完成时. E.g.He said he had never seen such an exciting match before.
做题时常见错误如下：
一、had形式易写错
例：He hads (have) gone home when I got to his office.
答案：had 解析：have/has 的过去式都为had, had 在过去完成时中也是助动词, 不能再有单三人称的变化.
二、易与现在完成时弄混
例：He asked what I have (have) said.
答案：had 解析：现在完成时强调对现在的影响或结果．而过去完成时强调对过去的影响或结果．
三、易与一般过去时弄混
例：She lived (live) in New York for eight years before he came to China.
答案：had lived
解析：一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。 而过去完成时主要体现过去发生的两动作先后有别，即比过去发生的某动作还要“过去”，两动作中先发生的是过去完成时，后发生的则只用一般过去时。 专项练习：
一、单选
1 When Li Ming hurried home, he found that his mother ____already____to hospital. A has; been sent
B had; sent
C has; sent D had; been sent 2 We ____five English songs by the end of last term. A had learned B learned
C have learned
D will have learned 3 Han Mei told me she _____lunch, so she was very hungry. A has had B hasn\'t have C have had D hadn\'t had 4 By the end of 1976, many buildings _____built in the city. A have been B have C had been D will
5 She _____her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband ____home. A has left; comes B had left; would come C had left; came D left; had come 6 He said that it was at least ten years since I _____a good drink. A had enjoyed B was enjoying C have enjoyed D have been enjoying 7 The meeting _____when Mr.Wang _____to school. A has begun; get B has been on; get C had begun; got D had been on; got 答案：１D 2 A 3 D 4 C 5 C 6 A 7 C
二、填空
1 When I returned home, he _____ (leave).2 By ten yesterday evening, she ________(finish)writing.3 He ______ (study) English for five years before he came here.4 It ____ _____ (stop) raining when I wake up this morning.5 I _____ (not read) the book because I had read it before.6 She said she____ (be) born in 1992.7 When he _____(come) to China two years ago he found people didn\'t understand him at all though he ________(learn) some Chinese in his own country.8 I saw Han Mei yesterday.We _____(not see) each other since left Beijing.9 When I got to his home, he_____(go) to bed.10 She asked if Mr.Liu _____ already _____(come) back. 答案：1 had left
2 had finished
3 had studied
4 had stopped
5 didn\'t read
6 was
7 came
had learned
8 hadn\'t seen
9 had gone
10 had come
推荐第3篇：过去完成时的自我介绍
过去完成时的自我介绍
Hello, everyone! 认识我了吗？我是过去完成时态啊，是不是觉得和现在完成时态有些相似处呢？这样吧，来听听我的自我介绍吧！
1.基本形式：had + 过去分词。
2.否定形式：had + not + 过去分词(had not照样可缩写hadn\'t)。
3.一般疑问形式：had提到句首，回答用Yes, 主语 + had./ No, 主语 + hadn\'t.例如：--- Had she told you to go there earlier yesterday? 她昨天告诉过你早点儿到那儿吗？--- Yes, she had./ No, she hadn\'t.是的，她告诉了。/ 不，她没有。
4.被动语态形式：had + been + 过去分词。如：
When I got there, the windows had been broken.当我到那儿时，窗户已经被打破了。
我可是个相对的时态，自然不能离开过去某时刻动作而“独闯天下”，只能早于过去某时刻动作，或频频“光顾”于主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中，所以already / yet / still / just / before / never / by（the end of）last year 等时间状语常来“配合作战”；也常活跃在after / before / when + 过去时态从句或by the time + 过去时态从句等的主句中。如：
By the time we got there, she had left.当我们到达那里的时候，她已经离开了。
1.与一般过去时态“小同大异”：我和一般过去时都可指动作发生在过去，但我强调动作相对于过去某一时刻已经完成；而一般过去时则强调动作发生在过去某一时间或过去经常性、习惯性动作，需要特别注意的是：当动作附带yesterday、last year等过去时间状语时，应用一般过去时态。请区别：
a.By the end of last year, I had visited seven different cities.
b.We learned another English song last month.
2.与现在完成时态“似是而非”：现在完成时表示动作相对于现在已经完成，其标准对照时间点为现在；而我表示动作相对于过去某一时刻前已完成，其标准对照时间点为过去。试比较：
I have been there twice.我去过那儿两次。
I had been there twice before I went to school.在我上学前，我去过那儿两次。
怎么样，各位，对我有所了解了吗？来到后面的时态训练营一试身手吧！
【完成时态专练】
1.He ___________（turn）off the light.We can leave now.
2.By the time we got to the cinema, the film ___________（begin）.
3.She ___________（finish）her homework before I left school.
4.My mother ___________（be）a teacher since 2003.
5.He told us that he ___________（give）the book to his brother.
6.I ___________（wash）all the clothes.So I can have a rest.
7.They ___________（stay）in China for a long time.
8.My father ___________（arrive）home before nine o’clock last night.
推荐第4篇：初中过去完成时课后题
过去完成时是初中英语的重点知识点，以下是小编收集的课后习题，仅供大家阅读参考!
过去完成时综合例题解析：
１--What are Mr and Mrs Black doing ?
---They _____ tea in the garden.
A.are drinking B.drank C.have drunk D.drink
2.My mother often asks me _____early .
A.get up B.got up C.getting up D.to get up
3.Soon Wu Dong ____ up with Li Lei, then they were neck and neck.
A.taught B.caught C.bought D.brought
4.The car ____and stopped at the red traffic light.
A.got on B.got off C.slowed down D.picked up
5.Tom ____ the CD player for two weeks.
A.has lent B.has borrowed C.has bought D.has had
6.---Do you know ______?
---Sorry, but if he _____ back, I ____ you know as soon as poible.
A.when will he be back, comes, will let B.when he will be back, will come, will let
C.what time will he be back, will come, let D.what time he will be back, comes, will let
7.We ____ to the park if it is fine tomorrow.
A.will go B.have gone C.go
8.A new shoe factory will ______ in this part of the city.
A.be building B.be built C.build
9.---______ all your things, Tom! I hate them here and there.
---Ok, Mom.
A.Put up B.Put on C.Put down D.Put away
10.--- How about going hiking this weekend?
--- Sorry, I prefer ____ rather than _____.
A.to stay at home, go out B.to go out, stay at home
C.staying at home, go out D.going out, stay at home
解析：
1.根据问句的时态现在进行时，答句时态要一致，故选答案: A
2.根据句中的谓语动词ask的固定搭配 ask sb to do sth.故答案：D
3.根据第一句的固定动词词组 catch up with sb 及第二句的过去时态，故选答案: B
4.此题主要考查四个动词词组的掌握.根据后半句在红灯时停下来,故选答案: C
5.此题主要考查现在完成时的延续和非延续动词，根据for two weeks 时间短语。故选答案: C
6.此题主要考查宾语丛句和状语丛句的习惯用法。第一句是特殊疑问句的宾语丛句，要用陈述句语序。第二句是if 条件句。丛句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。故选答案：B
7.此题考查if 条件句的主句时态，要用一般将来时，故选答案； A
8.此题考查语态。根据全句的意思，使用被动语态。故选答案： B
9.此题考查四个动词词组put up ,张贴，举起; put on 穿上，上演； put away 把---收拾好。 根据后半句\"我讨厌到处乱放\"， 故选答案: D
10.此题主要考查一个固定词组：prefer to do sth rather than do sth.故选答案：C.
过去完成时例题解析：
1.He ______ in Shanghai University for four years before he ______ Beijing.
A.studied, had gone B.had studied, went
C.has studied, goes D.had studied, had gone
解析：\"他去北京之前在上大学学习了4年 \"。在上海学习的动作发生在去北京之前，因此第一个空应用过去完成时。此题选B。
2.Mary said it was at least five years since he ______ a good drink.
A.enjoyed B.was enjoying C.had enjoyed D.would enjoy
解析：It was + 时间段+since 引导的从句中用过去完成时。应选C。
3.Xiao Pei said she ______ Hainan for 3 months.
A.has been in B.had been in C.had been to D.had gone to
解析：\"小培说她去了海南三个月 \"。have been to 和have gone to 都是短暂性的动词短语。所以适应表示状态的have been in.应选B.
推荐第5篇：英语现在完成时和过去完成时
英语过去完成时
基本用法：
（1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。例如：By nine
o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。
（2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。例如： I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。（3）叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生
的动作时，常使用过去完成时。例如： Mr.Smith died yesterday.He had been a
good friend of mine.史密斯先生昨天去世了。（4）在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去
完成时。例如： I returned the book that I had borrowed.我已归还了我借的书。（5）过去完成时常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句（或间接引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 例如： He said that he had known her well.他说他很熟悉她。（6） 状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在
后，用一般过去时。 如when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引导的 例如： When I woke up, it had already stopped raining.我醒来时雨已停了。注意：如果两个动
作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时，特别是在包含before和after的复合句中，因为 这 时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，这时可以用一
般过去时代替过去完成时。例如： After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to
improve his English.马克思到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平。
（7）动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法，希望，打算或意图等。例如： They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.他们本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。
（8）过去完成时还可用在hardly…when…, no sooner…than…, It was the first
(second, etc) time (that)…等固定句型中。例如： Hardly had he begun to speak
when the audience interrupted him.他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。时间状语：before,when,after,by+,until, once,had no sooner……than
英语现在完成时
1.现在完成时的\"完成用法\" 现在完成时的\"完成用法\"指的是动作发生在过去某一
时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。例如：
He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。(动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情
况--灯现在不亮了。)现在完成时\"完成用法\"的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时
态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如：already，yet，before，recently等)、频度时
间状语(如：never，ever，once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如：this morning
／ month ／year...，today等)连用。例如： Have you found your pen yet？你已
找到你的钢笔了吗？2.现在完成时的\"未完成用法\" 现在完成时的\"未完成用法
\"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。例如：He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。)此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导)，或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如：up to now，so far)等。例如：I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。注意：(1)现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词，不可用于终止性动词，即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。如：come，go，arrive，leave，join，become，die等。(2)现在完成时常见两种句型：①主语＋have / has been＋for短语②It is＋一段时间＋ since从句例如：He has been in the League for three years.或It is three years since he joined the League.他入团已三年了。
推荐第6篇：英语过去完成时用法小结
中招英语
过去完成时用法小结
一、过去完成时适用场合
1.过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。这个过去的时间常用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句表示，也可以暗含在上下文中。
I had finished my homework before supper.我在晚饭前就把作业做完了。
The play had already started when we got to the theatre.我们到剧场时戏已经开始了。By the end of June they had treated over 10,000 patients.到六月底他们已经治疗了一万多病人。
2.过去完成时还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或还要持续下去，常与for，since等词连用。如：
He had served in the army for ten years before he retired last year.他在部队干了十年，去年退役了。
He told me that he had known her since he was a child.他告诉我他从小就认识她。
He had learned English for eight years before he went to England for further study.他在去英国深造前，已学了八年英语。
3.在一段情景连贯的文字中，先发生的事放在后面叙述时，要用过去完成时。如：
Tom flew home, but his father had already died.汤姆乘飞机回家，他的父亲却已经去世了。
4.过去完成时也用于hardly...when..., no sooner...than..., It was the first time + that分句等一些固定句型中。
He had no sooner left the room than they began to talk about him.他刚离开房间，他们就议论起他来。
We had hardly begun when we were told to stop.
我们刚开始就被叫停。
It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune.他用这样的语调跟我讲话，这是第一次。
二、过去完成时与一般过去时的比较
1.当一个由before, after, as soon as 等连词引导的从句所表示的动作和主句的动作紧接着发生时，两个动作均可用一般过去时来表示。
We had breakfast after we did morning exercises.
做完早操后，我们吃早饭。
The train started to move just before he reached the platform.他到月台时火车刚开走。 They started ploughing as soon as they got to the fields.他们一到地里就开始耕地。
2.按时间顺序叙述两个或两个以上接连发生的动作时，用一般过去时。
He entered the room, turned on the light and sat down at the table.他走进屋子，打开灯，坐在桌子旁。
3.在表示某人过去未曾完成的“心愿”、“打算”、“计划”、“想法”、“许诺”等时，hope, mean, plan, think, intend等谓语动词常用过去完成时。
I had hoped to be back last night, but I didn’t catch the train.我本来希望昨晚回来的，但没搭上火车。
We had thought to return early but they wouldn’t let us go.我们本想早回来的，但他们不让我们走。
4.在表示过去的句子中出现常与完成时态连用的词，如：already，yet，since，for，ever，
中招英语
never及次数名词等时，常用过去完成时来表示。
When we got there the basketball match had already started.我们到那里时，篮球赛已经开始了。
The old man said that he wanted to go where he had never been.老人说他想到他从未去过的地方去。
5.如果句中出现了表示具体的过去时间的状语，句子的内容为过去的实际情况或句子的内容为历史事实时，句中的动词时态常用一般过去时。如：
The teacher said that it was Columbus who first discovered the American continent.老师说是哥伦布最早发现了美洲大陆。
6.表述说话人始料未及的事情时，句子的谓语动词常用一般过去时。由于受汉语表述习惯的影响，常会用错时态。
Jack, you are also here! I didn’t see you.杰克，你也在这啊！我没有看见你。
随讲随练
1.John, a friend of mine, who got married only last week, spent $3,000 more than he _____ for the wedding.[2006年全国II卷]
A.will planB.has plannedC.would planD.had planned
2.I was giving a talk to a large group of people, the same talk I ______ to half a dozen other groups.[2006年湖南卷]
A.was givingB.am givingC.had givenD.have given
3.Father for London on busine upon my arrival, so I didn’t see him.[2005年福建卷]
A.has leftB.leftC.was leavingD.had left
4.She ______ her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Chongqing for a better job.
[2004年重庆卷]
A.would changeB.has changedC.changedD.was changing
5.He ______ to spend the important day with us last Sunday, but he was too busy then.
A.hopedB.has hopedC.had hopedD.would hoped
6.When the old man ______ to walk back to his house, the sun ______ itself behind the mountain.[2005年湖北卷]
A.started; had already hidden
B.had started; had already hidden
C.had started; was hiding
D.was starting; hid
7.Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people ______ to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.[2004年江苏卷]
A.beginB.beganC.have begunD.had begun
8.— Oh, is that you, Bob?
— Err...yes.Ah, you’re Mary.Sorry I _____ you.We haven’t seen each other for ten years, have we?
A.didn’t recognizeB.hadn’t recognized
C.haven’t recognizedD.don’t recognize
Key：1-8 DCDCCABA
推荐第7篇：英语复习课过去完成时
英语复习课----过去完成时过关(past perfect)
过去完成时，表示在发生在过去的两个动作在前的那一个，它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。
基本结构
主语+had+过去分词vpp.(done)①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词.②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词.③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词?肯定回答：Yes,主语+had.否定回答：No,主语+had not .④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（Had+主语+过去分词）？⑤被动语态：主语+had（hadn\'t)+been+过去分词
基本用法
（1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。例如： By nine o’clock last night, we had gotten 200 pictures from the
spaceship.到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。（2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。例如： I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。（3）叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。例如： Mr.Smith died yesterday.He had been a good friend of mine.史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not
studied my leon.我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。（4）在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。例如： I returned the book that I had borrowed.我已归还了我借的书。She found the key that she had lost.她丢失的钥匙找到了。
（5）过去完成时常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句（或间接引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。例如： He said that he had known her well.他说他很熟悉她。I thought I had sent the letter a week before.我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。（6） 状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。如when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引导的例如： When I woke up, it had already stopped raining.我醒来时雨已停了。She didn’t go to bed until she had finished her work.她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。注意：如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时，特别是在包含before和after的复合句中，因为 这 时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。例如： After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English.马克思到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平。（7）动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法，希望，打算或意图等。例
如： They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.他们本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。We had hoped to be able to come and see you .我们本来希望能来看看你。（8）过去完成时还可用在
hardly…when…, no sooner…than…, It was the first (second, etc)time (that)…等固定句型中。例如：Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.他刚到就又走了。It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.这是他那一年第三次失业了。时间状语before,when,after,by+,until, once,had no sooner……than，yet，already等。
.单项选择
1．He asked me __A___ during the summer holidays.
A.where I had been B.where I had gone C.where had I beenD.where had I gone
2.What _D___ Jane ____ by the time he was sever?
A.did, doB.has,doneC did, did.D.had,done
3.I ___C___ 900 English words by the time I was ten。
A.learnedB.was learningC.had learnedD.learnt
4.She ___A___lived here for ______ years.
A.had,a fewB.has,severalC.had,a lot ofD.has,a great deal of
5.By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I __A___ the dinner already.
A had cookedB.cookedC.have cookedD.was cooked
6.She said she __D________ the principle already
A .has seenB.sawC.will seeD.had seen
7.She said her family __B_____ themselves ______ the army during the war.
A.has hidden, fromB.had hidden, fromC.has hidden, withD.had hidden, with
8.By the time he was ten years old, he ___D______.
A.has completed universityB.has completed the university
B.had completed an universityD.had completed university
9.She had written a number of books ___C___ the end of last year.
A.forB.inC.byD.at
10.He __B___ to play ____ before he was 11 years old.
A had learned, pianoB.had learned, the piano
C.has learned, the pianoD.learns ,piano.
11.What __D_____ Annie ____ by the time he was ten?
A.did, doB.did, didC.has, doneD.had done12 .He _C__ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army.
A.has workedB.worksC.had workedD.will work
13.By the end of last week, they _D___ the bridge.
A.has completedB.completedC.will completeD.had completed
14.Ben hates playing _D____ violin,but he likes playing ____ football.
A.a…theB.the… theC./ …theD.the…/
15.By the time he was 4,he _A_____ a lot of German words.
A.had learnedB.has learnedC.learnedD.learns16 .Jim turned off the lights and then __D___ the claroom.
A.was leftB.had leftC.has leftD.left
17.They ____C_____ in Guangzhou since 2000.
A.livedB.had livedC.have livedD.were living
18.The train from Beijing__C_____ ten minutes ago.
A.has arrivedB.was arrivingC.arrivedD.had arrived
19.The students ___B______ their claroom when the visitors arrived.
A .have cleanedB.had cleanedC.was cleanedD.have been cleaned
20.Fergie__B_____ the project in one hour.
A.have finishedB.will finishC.finishesD.has finished
21.The man ___A_____ his coat and went out.
A.put onB.had put onC.will put onD.was putting on
22 My mother_____ in that factory at the age of 18.
A.had workedB.has workedC.workedD.works
23.Dad _C_______ while he _______ TV.
A .fell asleep…watchB.was falling asleep…watched
C.fell asleep……was watchingD.had fallen asleep…watched
2.用动词的适当形式填空
1.We ___had painted____ (paint) the house before we moved________ (move) in.
2.That rich old man __had made___ (make) a will before he died(die).
3.They __had studyed_ (study) the map of the country before they _left___ (leave).
4.The robbers _had run away____ (run away ) before the policemen arrived (arrive).
5.I __turned off_____ (turn off) all the lights before I __went___ (go) to bed.
6.Paul went (go) out with Jane after he _made _____ (make)a phone call.
7.Tom ___said__ (say) he had read_______ (read) the book twice.
8.Our plan ____failed_ (fail ) because we _had made______ (make) a bad mistake.
9.When the chairman ___finished_____ (finish) speaking, he ____left____ (leave)the hall.
10.The Reads were having (have) lunch when I ___got_____(get) to their house.
11.When I __arrived________(arrive) at the station, he ___had
left_____(leave).
12..We _____had learned___(learn) about 4000 English words by the end of last term.
13.I waited until he __finished_____(finish) his homework.
14.We were surprised at what she _had____already __done____(do)
15.She _didn\'t go___(not go) to Qingdao because she ___had went____ (go) there before.
16.He __hasn\'t told (not tell) you the news yet.
17.He said he __had______already___given___(give) the book to the teacher.
18.I ____have been_____(be) to Shanghai before.
19.She told me she ___had been_______(be) to Sanya three times.
20.She __was playing________(play) the guitar while her sister__was singing______(sing).
3．句型转换
1．I had sold the ticket when she came.（改否定句）
I did not have sold the ticket when she came.
2.She had sung a song to us before she danced.（改否定句）
She didn\'t have sung a song to us before she danced.
3.They began to climbed the mountain after they had bought all the food and drink.（否定）
They did not begin to climbed the mountain after they had bought all the food and drink.
4.By 10:00 a.m, I had been very hungry.（改一般疑问）
Had you been very hungry by 10:00 am?
5.Lucy had already completed the project when I arrived.（改一般疑问） Had lucy already completed the project when I arrived.
6.By the time he got to the airport, the plane had taken off.（改一般疑问）Had th eplane taken off by the time he got to the airport?
7..He had broken his arm when I saw him.（对划线部分提问）
How was he when you saw him?
8.When he had read the note, he ate it.（对划线部分提问）
What did he do when he had the note?
9..Jack didn’t go to the cinema because he had seen the film.（对划线部分提问）
Why did Jack not go to the cinema?
10.We had had the toys for ten years before we gave them to the child.（对划线部分提问）
How long did you have had the toys before you gave them to the child?
11.She had written the book by the end of 1960.（对划线部分提问） What had she written by the end of 1960?
12.We cooked the dumplings.We ate them up.（用过去完成时连接两句）We ate the dumplings after we had cooked them.
13.Jim’s father mended the car.It was broken.（用过去完成时连接两句） The car had broken before Jim\'s father manded it.
14.We had our tests.Then we had a long holiday.( 用过去完成时连接两句) After we ___had had hour teats________, we ___had a long
holiday___________
15.He showed us a picture.Then he showed us around the house.用过去完成时连接两句)
Before he ___had showed us around the house_______, he_______showed us a picture___________
推荐第8篇：现在完成时和过去完成时的区别
语法--现在完成时和过去完成时的区别
一、从结构上区别
现在完成时：主语 + have / has + 过去分词 （肯定式）
主语 + have / has + not + 过去分词 （否定式）
Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词 （疑问式）
过去完成时：主语 + had + 过去分词 （肯定式）
主语 +had + not + 过去分词 （否定式）
Had + 主语 + 过去分词 （疑问式）
(二)从时间状语区别
现在完成时: 常用的时间状语包括 “now, today, tonight, this week, this year, already, yet, just, recently…etc”。 过去完成时: 常用的时间状语包括 “by, at, before等构成的短语”。
注意：当表示一段时间，现在完成时和过去完成时都可以用for 或since引导的状语。
例如：Have you had your lunch yet? 你吃午饭了吗？
Yes, I have .I’ve just had it.是的，我刚吃完。
I have had a clock now.我现在有一个闹钟了。
Have you already posted the photos? 你把照片寄走了吗？
The meeting had begun when we got there.我们到那儿时，会议已经开始了。
We had learned about 5000English words by the end of last term.
到上学期末我们已经学了5000个英语单词。
They had done the work at five o’clock.在五点钟的时候他们已经完成了那项工作。
I’ve known Li Lei for three years.我认识李蕾已经三年了。
I have worked here since ten years ago.自从十年前我就在这工作。
We had not heard from him since we left here.自从我们离开以来一直没有收到他的来信。
They had then been without sleep for twenty-four hours.这时他们已经有24个小时没有合眼了。
(三)使用时注意事项
使用现在完成时应该注意：
1.“ have/ has got ”形式上是一种完成时，但和have/ has 为同一意义，即 “有”。
例如：Have you got a pen-friend? 你有笔友吗？
Yes, I have.是的，我有。
Has he got a lot of work to do? 他有许多工作要做吗？
No, he hasn’t.不，他没有。
2.have/ has gone to 与 have/has been to 的区别
have/ has gone to 强调“去而未归”； have/ has been to 强调“去而归还”。 have/ has
been to常和once, twice, never, ever连用； have/ has gone to则不可。例如：
— Have Jack ever been to Beijing? 杰克去过北京吗？
— Yes, he’s been there several times.是的，他去过好几次了。
— Where have Mary and Tom gone? 玛丽和汤姆去哪里了？
— They’ve gone to London.他们去伦敦了。
3.非延续性动词不能用于“现在完成时 + 表示一段时间的状语”的句型中。
这类动词有：come, go, start, leave, die, buy, finish, join, borrow, stop等。但它们能够
用表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的终止性动词。例如：
arrive, come → be here, be in
begin, start → be on
buy → have
die → be dead
fall asleep(ill) → be asleep (ill)
finish, end → be over
get to know → know
get up → be up
go out → be out
join → be in , be a + 名词
leave, move → be away, be out of
使用过去完成时应该注意：
如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时。例如：
When she came into the room, she found them sitting together singing.
她进屋时看见他们坐在一起唱歌。
After we said good-bye to our friends, we left the village.
在和朋友告别之后我们就离开村子。
--------------------
现在完成时和过去完成时的区别与用法：
现在完成时着眼于现在，强调过去发生的某动作对现在造成的影响和结果，或是由过去持续到现在的动作。
I have cleaned the claroom .（强调扫地所产生的结果：地干净了！）
We have lived here for ten years.（“住”从过去持续到现在的动作用现在完成时）
We have lived here since we came here.（“住”是从过去持续到现在的动作用现在完成时）
过去完成时则主要体现过去发生的两动作的先后有别，表达的是“过去的过去”，即比过去发生的某动作都还要“过去”，两动作中先发生的就用过去完成时，后发生的则只用一般过去时。运用过去完成时的句子往
往有两过去的时间或动作，一定要注意这点哟！
Mr Green had lived in New York for ten years before he came to China.(\"来”中国已过去，而先前“住”在纽约更
过去！）（另外注意：“住”在纽约可没有持续到现在哟！）
We had learned 1000 words by the end of last term.
（“上期期末”已过去，而是在其前“学”的就更过去了！）
------------------------
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件
过去的事情，不强调对“现在”产生的影响。如：
He visited Guilin in 1998.他1998年参观过桂林。(只说明去桂林的时间)
2.现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成了影响或产生了结果。不与确定的过去时间状语连用。如：
Jill has bought a new computer.吉尔买了一台新电脑。（着重点是现在有了一台新电脑）
3.两种时态的区分
（1）一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式，而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是“助动词have /has +过去分词”。如：
（2）一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in 2002等；而现在完成时则常与just, already, ever, never等副词和these days, this week, since..., for...等表示一段时
间的状语连用。
看看以下的几组句子，有什么区别？
① Have you seen the film?（A）
Did you see the film?（B）
[说明] 你看过这部电影吗？（A）句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解；（B）句强调的是看这部电影的动作
是否发生过，并不强调是否知道其内容。
② How has he done it?(A)
How did he do it?(B)
[说明]他是怎么做的这件事？(A)句强调的是他做这件事的方式对现在产生了某种影响；(B)句单纯的
询问做这件事的方式。
③ He has lived in Beijing for 8 years.（A）
He lived in Beijing for 8 years.（B）
[说明]他在北京住了8年。（A）句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了8年，可能还会继续在北京住下去。(B)
句讲的是他在北京住过8年，现在不在北京了。
推荐第9篇：过去完成时的概念与结构特点
反意疑问句:
一．反意疑问句是附加在陈述句之后,对陈述句所表示的事实或观点提出疑问的句子.附加疑问实际上是一种简略的一般疑问句.
二.相关知识点精讲
1.反意疑问句的结构：陈述句（主语+谓语……），+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语（代词形式）？
说明：陈述句部分如果是肯定句，反意疑问句，疑问句部分的助动词/情态动词/be动词+not （否定提问）；如果陈述句部分是否定句，反意疑问句，疑问句部分用肯定式提问。
例句：
He is your teacher, isn’t he ?
People shouldn’t drop litter on the pavements, should they ?
You found the key in the bedroom, didn’t you ?
They have a house in town, haven’t they ?/don’t they ?
The boy has to clean his room, doesn’t he ?
I am right, aren’t I ?
They’d rather go by bus, wouldn’t they ?
You’d better change your wet skirt, hadn’t you ?
He’d like to join our discuion, wouldn’t he ?
She ought to see a doctor at once, shouldn’t she ? / oughtn’t she ?
I wish to say a few words, may I ?
That’s nice, isn’t it ?
This is the place, isn’t it ?
Everybody knows the answer, don’t they ?
Nothing is serious, isn’t it?
There wasn’t enough time at that moment, was there ?
There used to a tower here, usedn’t there? / didn’t there ?
What you need is more practice, isn’t it ?
2.某些特殊句型的反意疑问句：
1)祈使句的反意疑问句：
表示肯定意义的祈使句，即表示“请求，提示”它的反意疑问句用will you 表达：有时也可以用won’t you 表示。
Go home now, will you ?
Close the window, please, will you ?
否定祈使句：以Don’t开始的祈使句：表示“不要……”，用will you 提问：
Don’t be late again, will you ?
Don’t forget to pay your income tax, will you ?
Let’s引导的祈使句表示“建议”，反意疑问句部分是：shall we ?
Let’s go for a walk, shall we ?
Let’s have a rest now, shall we ?
Let me 或 Let us引导的祈使句表示“请求”，反意疑问句部分为will you：
Let me have a try, will you ?
Let us help, will you ?
2) 感叹句的反意疑问句：一律用否定式提问。
What a clever boy, isn’t he ?
What a lovely day, isn’t it?
3) 陈述句含有情态动词must有两种情况：
must表示“必须”，反意疑问句部分为mustn’t…? / needn’t…?
He must study hard at English, mustn’t he? / needn’t he?
You must go home now, needn’t you? / mustn’t you?
We mustn’t be late, must we ?
Must表示推测：“一定，肯定” 反意疑问句部分与must后面的动词呼应
You must be joking, aren’t you?
He must be ill, isn’t he ?
注意：用must对过去的动作推测时，反意疑问句部分的助动词用did或have, 而对过去的状态推测，反意疑问句部分的be动词用was:
She must have finished her work, hasn’t she ? / didn’t she ?
Jack must have arrived here yesterday, didn’t he ?
He must have been a policeman, wasn’t he ?
4) 陈述句中有否定副词：hardly; never; seldom; little; few; nowhere; nothing等词，反意疑问句部分用肯定提问：
Frank hardly goes to parties, does he ?
He has few friends, has he ?
5)复合句的反意疑问句：大多数复合句的反意疑问句都对主句提问：
He was punished because he violated the regulation, wasn’t he?
You never told me that you had been ill, did you ?
注意：I don’t think/suppose/believe/imagine 引导的宾语从句，这种宾语从句的反意疑问句应与从句的主语，谓语部分一致，而且用肯定式的提问。
I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer, will they ?
I don’t believe she has done it, has she ?
I think he will come.won’t he
补充
① 陈述部分的主语为 this, that, 疑问部分主语用it; 陈述部分主语用 these, those, 疑问部分用they 做主语.
例: This is a new story, isn’t it?Those are your parents, aren’t they?
② 陈述部分是 there be 结构, 疑问部分仍用 there
例: There was a man named Paul, wasn’t there?
③ I am 后的疑问句, 用aren’t I
例: I am in Cla 2, aren’t I?
④ 陈述部分与含有 not, no, never, few, little, hardly, seldom, neither, none 等词时,疑问部分用肯定.
例: Few people liked this movie, didn’t they?
但陈述句中若带有否定前缀或后缀的单词时, 这个句子仍视为肯定, 后面仍用否定.
例: Your sister is unhappy, isn’t she?
⑤ 陈述部分的主语若为不定式或 V-ing 短语, 疑问部分主语用it.
例: To spend so much money on clothes is unneceary, isn’t it?
⑥ 陈述句中主语是 nobody, no one, everyone, everybody 等指人的不定代词时,疑问部分用they做主语; 若陈述部分主语是 something, anything, noting, everything 等指事物的不定代词时, 疑问部分用it 做主语.
例: Nobody says one word about the accident, do they?
Everything seems perfect, doesn’t it?
⑦ 当主语是第一人称I时, 若谓动为think, believe, gue 等词时, 且其后跟宾丛,这时疑问句部分的人称, 时态要与宾语从句保持一致, 同时还要考虑否定转移.
例: I don’t think he can finish the work in time, can he?
⑧ 前面是祈使句, 后用 will you? (let’s 开头时, 后用shall we?
三.巩固练习
1.It’s a fine day, Let’s go fishing, _____?
A.won’t weB.will weC.don’t weD.shall we
2.Frank is working late again.This is the first time this week he’s had to study late, ____?
A.isn’t heB.hasn’t itC.hasn’t heD.isn’t it
3.—Daddy’s forgot to post the letter again, ____?
—I’m afraid he ___.
A.has; hasB.isn’t; isC.hasn’t; hasD.has; hasn’t
4.—Sorry, I’m not feeling well and I don’t think I can finish.
—Don’t worry.Let us do it for you , ____?
A.will youB.shall weC.shan’t weD.shall you
5.I don’t think he could have done such a stupid thing last night, ____?
A.do IB.could heC.did heD.has he
6.—The ground is wet.
—It must have rained last night,____ ?
A.hasn’t itB.didn’t itC.mustn’t it D.isn’t it
7.—Jenny doesn’t think that Robert is honest, ___?
—I’m afraid not.
A.is heB.isn’t heC.does sheD.doesn’t she
8.—The new windows need washing.
—Well, let’s wash them together, ____?
A.shall weB.will youC.should we D.would you
9.There is little we can do about it, ____?
A.is thereB.can’t weC.isn’t thereD.can we
10.—The problem wasn’t difficult for him, was it ?
—______.He should have been given a more difficult one.
A.No, it wasB.Yes, it wasC.Yes, it wasn’tD.No, it wasn’t
过去完成时的概念与结构特点
概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（ past-in-the-past ）”。
||---------------------------->
那时以前那时现在
构成：过去完成时由“助动词 had + 过去分词”构成，其中 had 通用于各种人称。They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.
She had finished writing the composition by 10 ：00 this morning.二、过去完成时的判断依据
1.由时间状语来判定
一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：
（ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点。如：
I had finished reading the novel by nine o\'clock last night.
（ 2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点。如：
We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
（ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点。如：
They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
2.由“过去的过去”来判定。
过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在：
（ 1 ）宾语从句中
当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如：
She said that she had seen the film before.
（ 2 ）状语从句中
在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如：
When I got to the station, the train had already left.
After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.
注意： before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如：
Where did you study before you came here?
After he closed the door, he left the claroom.
（3）表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示\"原本…，未能…\"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn\'t.
3.根据上、下文来判定。
I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday.We hadn\'t seen each other since he went to Beijing.
三、过去完成时的主要用法
1.过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”。如：
When I woke up, it had stopped raining.
我醒来时，雨已经停了。（主句的动作发生在“过去的过去”）
2.过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。如：
He told me that he had written a new book.(had written 发生在 told 之前 )
3.过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与 already ， yet ， still ， just ， before ， never 等时间副词及 by ， before ， until 等引导的短语或从句连用。如：
Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years.Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten.
4.过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能。如：
By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years.（ had worked 已有了 20 年，还有继续进行下去的可能）
四、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别
现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为“助动词 have (has) + 过去分词”；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。试比较：
I have learned 1000 English words so far.
I had learned 1000 English words till then.
— I\'m sorry to keep you waiting。
— Oh, not at all.I have been here only a few minutes.
（“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在）
— John returned home yesterday.
— Where had he been?
他去哪儿了？（答语中使用过去完成时是指约翰在 returned home 之前去了哪些地方，即“过去的过去”）
五、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别
虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点：
1.时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。试比较：
They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.
They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.
2.在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。如：
She was very happy.Her whole family were pleased with her, too.She had just won the first in the composition competition.
3.当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用 and 或 but 连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时；另外，在 before ， after ， as soon as 引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。如：
He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper.
I (had) called her before I left the office.
专项练习：
一、单选
1 When Li Ming hurried home, he found that his mother ____already____to hospital.
A has; been sentB had; sentC has; sentD had; been sent
2 We ____five English songs by the end of last term.
A had learnedBlearnedC have learnedD will have learned
3 Han Mei told me she _____lunch, so she was very hungry.
A has hadB hasn\'t haveC have hadD hadn\'t had
4 By the end of 1976, many buildings _____built in the city.
A have beenB haveC had beenD will
5 She _____her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband ____home.A has left; comesB had left; would comeC had left; cameD left; had come
6 He said that it was at least ten years since I _____a good drink.
A had enjoyedB was enjoyingC have enjoyedD have been enjoying
7 The meeting _____when Mr.Wang _____to school.
A has begun; getB has been on; getC had begun; gotD had been on; got
二、填空
1 When I returned home, he _____ (leave).
2 By ten yesterday evening, she ________(finish)writing.
3 He ______ (study) English for five years before he came here.
4 It _________ (stop) raining when I wake up this morning.
5 I _____ (not read) the book because I had read it before.
6 She said she____ (be) born in 1992.
7 When he _____(come) to China two years ago he found people didn\'t understand him at all though he ________(learn) some Chinese in his own country.
8 I saw Han Mei yesterday.We _____(not see) each other since left Beijing.
9 When I got to his home, he_____(go) to bed.
10 She asked if Mr.Liu _____ already _____(come) back.
推荐第10篇：中考英语过去完成时练习题及答案
过去完成时
注意：过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，动作发生的时间是\"过去的过去\".它是一个相对的时态，只有在和过去某个时间或动作相比较时才会用到。
E.g.By the end of the match，they had kicked two goals.
We had already had lunch before we arrived there.
其结构是\"had+过去分词\".它的否定句是在had后边加not，变一般疑问句是把had提前。
E.g.I had reached the station before 9：00 o\'clock.
I had not reached the station before 9：00 o\'clock.
Had you reached the station before 9：00 o\'clock？
它通常和before，by the end of 等引导的表示过去的时间状语连用。
练习一：
一.用动词的适当形式填空
1.We _____________ (paint) the house before we ______________ (move) in.2.That rich old man _____________ (make) a will before he _____________ (die).3.They _____________ (study) the map of the country before they ________ (leave).4.The robbers _____________ (run away ) before the policemen_______ (arrive).5.I __________ (turn off) all the lights before I ____________ (go) to bed.6.Paul __________ (go) out with Jane after he __________ (make) a phone call.7.Tom __________ (say) he ___________ (read) the book twice.8.Our plan ____________ (fail ) because we _____________ (make) a bad mistake.9.When the chairman ______________ (finish) speaking, he _____________ (leave)the hall.10.The Reads __ ______ (have) lunch when I ________________(get) to their house.11.When I ______________(arrive) at the station, he ____________________(leave).12.We _______________(learn) about 4000 English words by the end of last term.13.I waited until he _______________(finish) his homework.14.We were surprised at what she ________already ______(do) 15.She ____________(not go) to Qingdao because she ________________ (be) there before.16.He ______________(not tell) you the news yet.
17.He said he _____________already_________(give) the book to the teacher.18.I ______________(be) to Shanghai before.
19.She told me she _________________(be) to Sanya three times.20.She _____________(play) the guitar while her sister_______________(sing).
一、单选
1 When Li Ming hurried home， he found that his mother ____already____to hospital.
A has； been sent B had； sent C has； sent D had； been sent 2 We ____five English songs by the end of last term. A had learned B learned C have learned D will have learned 3 Han Mei told me she _____lunch， so she was very hungry. A has had B hasn\'t have C have had D hadn\'t had 4 By the end of 1976， many buildings _____built in the city. A have been B have C had been D will 5 She _____her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband ____home. A has left； comes B had left； would come C had left； came D left； had come 6 He said that it was at least ten years since I _____a good drink. A had enjoyed B was enjoying C have enjoyed D have been enjoying 7 The meeting _____when Mr.Wang _____to school. A has begun；get B has been on；get C had begun；got D had been on；got
二、填空
1 When I returned home， he _____ （leave）。
2 By ten yesterday evening， she ________（finish）writing. 3 He ______ （study） English for five years before he came here. 4 It ____ _____ （stop） raining when I wake up this morning. 5 I _____ （not read） the book because I had read it before. 6 She said she____ （be） born in 1992. 7 When he _____（come） to China two years ago he found people didn\'t understand him at all though he ________（learn） some Chinese in his own country. 8 I saw Han Mei yesterday.We _____（not see） each other since left Beijing. 9 When I got to his home， he_____（go） to bed. 10 She asked if Mr.Liu _____ already _____（come） back.
练习一参考答案： 一.用动词的适当形式填空
1.had painted...moved 2.had made ...died 3.had studied…left4.had run away..arrived5.had turned off …went 6.went …had made 7.said …had read 8 failed …had made 9.(had) finished …left 10.were having/had had …got 11.arrived ..had left 12..had learned 13.(had) finished 14. had ..done 15 didn\'t go …had been 16.hasn\'t told 17 had …given 18.have been 19. had been 20.was playing …was singing 二．句型转换
1．I hadn\'t sold the ticket when she came. 2.She hadn\'t sung a song to us before she danced.
3.They didn\'t begin to climb the mountain after they had bought all the food and drinks.4.Had you been very hungry by 10:00 a.m?
5.Had Lucy completed the project when I arrived yet? 6.Had the plane taken off by the time he got to the airport?
7.What had he done when you saw him? 8.What did he do when he had read the note?
9.Why didn\'t Jack go to the cinema?
10.How long had you/we had the toys before you/we gave them to the child? 11.What had she written by the end of 1960?
12.After we had cooked the dumplings, we ate them up.
13.Jim’s father mended the car because it had been broken.
14.After we had had our tests, we had a long holiday.
15.Before he showed us around the house, he had showed us the picture 练习二 答案：1D 2 A 3 D 4 C 5 C 6 A 7 C 答案：1 had left 2 had finished 3 had studied 5 didn\'t read 6 was 7 came had learned 8 hadn\'t seen 9 had gone 10 had come
4 had stopped
第11篇：一般过去时,现在完成时,过去完成时的用法及区别
① 一般过去时的基本用法
a)表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常与过去时间连用.a moment ago(刚才)，yesterday morning，last night/ week，the day before yesterday(前天)，just now(刚才)等。
He suddenly fell ill yesterday.
昨天他突然生病了。
b)表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态。
I wrote home once a week at college.
我上大学时每周给家里写一封信.
c)表示过去连续发生的一系列动作。
She entered the room, picked up a magazine and looked through it carefully.
她走进房间，拿起一本杂志，认真地翻阅了起来。
d)在时间、条件状语从句中用一般过去时代替过去将来时.
We would not leave until the teacher came back.
老师回来我们才会离开。
②一般过去时的特殊用法
a)在虚拟语气中表示现在或将来时间的动作或状态。
I wish I were twenty years younger.
但愿我年轻20岁。
b)在口语中，一般过去时往往显示委婉客气
Might I come and see you tonight?
我想今晚来看你，好吗？
现在完成时的用法:
1) 表示过去发生或已完成的某个动作对现在产生的影响或结果，强调的是这个影响或结果，一般不与过去时间连用，常同already, just, yet等状语连用
例：I have just turned off the light.我刚刚把灯关上。（结果是灯已经关上了）She has lost her bike.她把自行车丢了。（影响是他现在没有自行车骑了）
2) 表示开始于过去、持续到现在的动作或状态，并可能继续下去（也可能不继续下去），常同包括现在在内的时间状语连，也同“for+时间段”或“since＋时间点”的状语连用She has taught in the school for ten years.她在这所学校教书已经10年了。
I haven’t eaten anything since breakfast.我从早饭起就一直没有吃东西。
3) 表示从过去某一时间到说话时这段时间中反复发生的动作或多次动作的总和，常同频度副词always, often, seldom, never等连用
I have been to the Great Wall twice.我曾经去过长城两次
过去完成时用法：
1.表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作或存在的状态。表示的是“过去的过去，常用的时间状语有：”by + 过去的时间点、by the end of + 过去的时间点、before + 过去的时间点。
Most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.当他到达晚会时，他发现大多数客人已经离开了。
2.过去完成时还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或持续下去，常与for， since等词连用。例如：
When Jack arrived, he learned Mary had been away for almost an hour.当杰克到时，他得知玛丽已经离开快一个小时了。
4.某些动词的过去完成时表示过去未实现的希望、计划或打算。常用的动词有hope， expect， suppose， think， want， wish等。例如：
They had hoped to be able to arrive before ten.他们本来打算能在10点之前到达达
一、一般过去时与现在完成时的用法比较。
1.“一般过去时”所关心的是过去之事,与现在无联系，常带有表示过去某个时间的状语；现在完成时所关心的是过去发生的事，对现在产生某种结果，强调过去与现在的联系。一般不与过去具体时间连用。当需要指明过去一个特定的时刻发生的事情时，需要使用一般过去式。
Ａ.I ________(lose) my pen.Can you lend me yours?
Ｂ.Why don\'t you buy one?
Ａ.It _______(fall) into the river only a moment ago when I washed my hands.Now I\'ve got to fill in a form with a pen.
2.现在完成时与for或since引起的短语连用时，表达从过去开始的动作或状态延续至今，而一般过去时与“for＋一段时间”连用时，只指过去的动作或状态在过去延续了多长时间。
We___________(stay) here for three weeks.I think we are going to stay another two weeks.（说话时人还在）
He __________(stay) here for three weeks last year.（并不表示现在是否在）
3.一般过去时带有表示过去某时刻的时间状态，如yesterday,last year(month,week,night)，in 1980…
I ______(come) the day before yesterday.4.现在完成时所带时间状语包含说话时在内,如today,this week(month,year),these days(years)或与说话时非常接近，如recently,just,in(during) the past three years。Great changes _______( take) place in the last ten years
5如果一件事情发生在过去并且延续到说话的这个时刻，就需要使用现在完成时。 They have lived here for a long time
6一般过去时比现在完成时更能表达事情的结果
John has taught math for twenty years.保留了约翰继续教数学的可能性
John taught math for twenty years.表明约翰已经不再教数学了，他可能退休了，换工作了，或者去世了。
7如果一件事情发生在过去并且延续到说话的这个时刻，就需要使用现在完成时。 They have lived here for a long time.
他们在这里已经生活了很长一段时间。
二、一般过去式与过去完成时的区别。
1.一般现在时表示过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，而过去完成时则表示过去某一动作或时间之前发生的动作或存在的状态。一般过去时与现在相比，强调“过去”，而过去完成时则与过去相比，强调“过去的过去”。
我们来比较下列句子：
The meeting _________(start) at six o\'clock./ start的动作发生在at six o\'clock。The meeting ___________( start) when we arrived at the hall./ start的动作发生在过去的动作arrived之前。
过去完成时与现在完成时的区别
现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，以现在的时间为基点，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关。过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，以过去时间为基点，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。比较：I have learned 1000 English words so far.到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。I had learned 1000 English words till then.到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。
第12篇：初中英语教学论文现在完成时和过去完成时的复习
现在完成时和过去完成时的复习
摘要：现在完成时和过去完成时在初中英语学习过程中，学生普遍感到较难掌握。因为现在完成时虽然动作发生在过去但重点强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的结果和影响。重点是现在，现在完成时是现在时态不能和过去时间状语连用。但是过去完成时确能和过去时间状语连用，有时学生又和一般过去时混淆，因此，在复习时要理清他们的概念，找出他们的相同点和不同点进行归纳、比较、总结。让学生掌握他们的用法并能运用。为以后学习打下坚实的基础。
关键词：理清概念、分析对比、归纳总结、掌握运用。
时态是英语学习的主要语法项目之一。在我们初中英语学习的八种时态中，比较起来完成时(现在完成时和过去完成时)对学生来说较难掌握。下面我们找出他们的相同点和不同点进行归纳、比较、总结。
一、理清现在完成时和过去完成时的概念。
现在完成时是表示动作发生在过去，但与现在有关，即用一个过去发生的动作来说明现在的情况或状态。现在完成时是现在时态不能和过去时间状语连用。
过去完成时是表示动作发生在过去，但与过去的另一点有关，即用一个过去发生的动作来说明过去另一点的情况或状态。过去完成时是过去时态，可以和过去时间状语连用。
从概念上可以看请现在完成时和过去完成时干区别就在于他们的截止时间不同，其余的用法基本一样。因此，学生只要掌握了现在完成时的用法，弄清他们的截止时间，那么过去完成时的用法也就掌握了
二、现在完成时的用法和过去完成时的用法。
现在完成时的用法一般有两种：
A、现在完成时是表示到现在（或说话时）为止，已经完成或刚刚完成的动作，通常和汉语“了”、“过”、“已经”连用。（但是带“了”、“过”、“已经”的句子不一定都用完成时，）例如：
1、他们建起了很多新房子。They have built mang new houses .
2、那本书他看过两遍了。He has read the book twice .
3、我们已经学了将近一千个英语单词。
We have already learned about 1,000 English words .过去完成时同样也有两种用法。
A：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或刚刚完成的动作，也通常
1 和汉语“了”、“过”、“已经”连用。和现在完成时的区别就是截止时间不同，现在完成时的截止点是现在，过去完成时是过去，它所表示的时间就是“过去的过去”。要想用过去完成时，关键得有过去某一时间或动作来参照，找到作为参照的过去某一时间或动作，过去完成时的用法就和现在完成时的用法一样了。 表示过去某一时间或动作一般有下列几种方式表示：
a: 通过介词by、at、before 。例如：
1、到上周末他们已经学完了第十八课。
They had finished learning Leon 18 by the end of last week .
2、老王在二十岁时就入党了。
Lao Wang had joined the Party at the age of twenty .
3、我们在昨天早上八点之前就到那里了。
We had got there before 8 yesterday morning . b: 通过上下文（或含有宾语从句）中主句的谓语动词。例如：
老师问他们是不是把书还给图书馆了。
The teacher asked if they had returned the books to the library . c: 通过含有状语从句复合句中的谓语动词。例如：
1、老师进来时，我们已经做完作业了。
We had finished our homework when the teacher came in .
2、他吃过药后，感觉好多了。
He felt much better after he had taken the medicine .现在完成时和过去完成时的第二种用法也可通过比较复习。
B: 现在完成时还可表示动作发生在过去，一直延续到现在，到现在可能结束，也可能继续延续下去，常和for或since引导的短语或从句连用。例如：
1、汤姆在这个工厂工作十年了。
Tom has worked in this factory for ten years .
2、他们自两年前就搬到英国了。
They have moved to England since two years ago .
3、张华自出生以来就住在这个城市。
ZhangHua has lived in the city since he was born .过去完成时的第二种用法除了截止时间和现在完成时用法相同。
2 B: 过去完成时也可表示动作发生在过去，一直延续到过去的另一点，到这一点可能结束，也可能继续延续下去，常和for或since引导的短语或从句连用。 表示过去另一点时间或动作的方法和第一种用法相同。例如： 1.、到去年底他们在这条街上住了二十多年了。
They had lived in this street for over twenty years by the end of last year .
2、他说自从1989年就在这个学校教书。
He said he had taught in the school since 1989 .
3、我醒来时，芳芳已经读了半个小时的英语了。
When I woke up , FangFang had read English for half an hour .在讲清现在完成时和过去完成时的用法后，还要提醒学生注意两点。 一：短暂性动词和延续性动词。
在现在完成时和过去完成时的第二种用法中，由于for和since引导的短语或从句实际上表示的时间都是一段时间，因此，这就要求句子动词必须要用延续性动词，不能用瞬间动词。这一点与汉语不同，好多学生受汉语影响，对这点不太了解，在翻译句子时就根据汉语直接翻译。如：他父亲死两年了。译为：His father has died for two years 这样翻译虽然从语法上没有错误，但是实际上是不对的，因为die是瞬间动作，如果这样翻译它的意思就是：他父亲死的动作就需要两年，显然是不成立的。我们汉语说，他父亲死了两年了，意思是他父亲不在人世间两年了，也就是说处于死的状态两年了，译为英语应为：He father has been dead for two years .再如：王飞那本书买了三个月啦。也不能译为;Wang Fei has bought the book for three months .而应译为; Wang Fei has had the book for three months .如果要用瞬间动词，句子必须用过去时，译为;His father died two years ago .Wang Fei bought the book three months ago .或：It is two years since his father died .It is three months since Wang Fei bought the book .同时还要向学生说明否定句不存在这一问题，如可以说：I have not seen him for a few years.二：现在完成时和一般过去式的区别。
很多学生对现在完成时和一般过去式有时也容易混淆，因为它们的动作都是发生在过去，为什么现在完成时是现在时态不能和过去时间状语连用。而过去时可以和过去时间状语连用，这是因为一般过去时只是说明过去发生的事，着重说明这件事已经过去，与现在没有关系。而现在完成时所表达的事情虽然也发生在过去，但着重说明过去发生的事留存在目前的结果或影响，重点是现在。试比较：
3 He has opened the door .（着重强调现在门是开着的。）
He opened the door.（着重强调开门这个动作是过去发生的，与现在没有关系，现在不知道门是开还是关。）
如果在复习时把这几个问题让学生掌握，那么现在完成时和过去完成时学生运用起来也就容易了。 参考文献
《英语语法手册》
薄冰、赵德鑫 4
第13篇：中考英语时态归纳全复习过去完成时、现在完成时.....
2014年中考英语时态归纳全复习(过去完成时)2014年中考英语时态归纳全复习(过去完成时)是小编为你准备的2014年中考英语时态归纳全复习(过去完成时)。2014年中考英语中的必考时态同学们一定要认真复习。以下就是2014年中考英语时态归纳全复习(过去完成时)，供你阅读参考。
六、过去完成时：
概念： 以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。
时间状语： by the end of last year(term, month„) ,by+过去的时间，主(过完)+before+从(一过)
基本结构： had + done.否定形式： had + not + done.
一般疑问句： had 放于句首。
They ________ in Nanjing by the end of last year.(be)
The plane ___________ off before/when we got to the airport.(take)
2014年中考英语时态归纳全复习(现在完成时)
五、现在完成时：
概念： 过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
时间状语 ： since„,for„,in/during the past few/two years, ever, yet, already, recently, over the years(几年来，这么多年来)，主(现完)+since +从(一过),just(注意和just now的区别),so far, till now
基本结构： have/has + done 否定形式： have/has + not +done.
一般疑问句： have 或 has+主语+ done Helen ________ in Nanjing for twenty yearsThe readers are all very happy because they ________ a new book.(receive)
2014年中考英语时态归纳全复习(一般现在时)
一、一般现在时：
概念： 经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month„), once a week, on Sundays
基本结构 ：① be 动词;②实义动词
否定形式：① am/is/are+not; ②谓语动词若为实义动词，A.主语不是三单式，则don\'t+动词原形 B.主语为三单式，则 doesn\'t+动词原形。
一般疑问句：①把 be 动词放于句首;②谓语动词若为实义动词，A.主语不是三单式，用助动词 Do+主语+动词原形
B.主语为三单式，则Does+主语+动词原形Helen ________ a good student.(be)
Helen ________ fishing very much.(like) Helen’s friends usually ________ to school by bike.(go)
2014年中考英语时态归纳全复习(一般过去时)
二、一般过去时：
概念： 过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
时间状语： „ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month„), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, at last, in the end, finally, at first
基本结构： ① was/were;②实义动词的过去式 (dodid, comecame, stopstopped)否定形式：① was/were+not; ②在实义动词前加 didn\'t ，同时还原实义动词，即didn’t+动词原形
一般疑问句：① was 或 were 放于句首;②用助动词 do 的过去式did 提问，同时还原实义动词。 Helen ________ born in Wuxi.(be)
Helen ________ to school by bike yesterday.(go)
第14篇：过去完成时、主谓一致与语定语从句的详细讲解
过去完成时
1、概述
过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。表示过去某一时间可用by, before等构成的短语，也可用when, before等引导的从句或通过上下代表示。
His eyes shone brightly when he finally received the magazine he had long expected.当她终于收到她盼望已久的杂志时，她兴奋得两眼闪光。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had begun to make a living by himself.12岁时，爱迪生就开始自己谋生。
2、构成
过去完成时由“助动词had+过去分词”构成。其否定式、肯定式、疑问式如下表：
肯定式 否定式 疑问式
I(we) You
had read it.He(She, They) I(We) You
had not read it
He(She ,They)
you Had
they read it?
he
注意：had not 常简略为hadn't。
They asked me to have a drink with them and said it was at least ten years since I had enjoyed a good drink.他们请我和他们一起喝酒，并说我自上次喝酒到现在至少十年了。
We had learnt 30 leons by the end of last month.到上个月末为止，我们已经学了30课。
He said we hadn’t seen each other since I left Beijing.自从我离开北京，我们还没见过面。
3、过去完成时的用法
过去完成时的主要用法和现在完成时一样。不同的是，过去完成时把时间推移到了过去某一时间之前，与现在无关。
（1）过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。这个过去的时间状语有by, before等介词短语或when, before等引导的从句。
Helen had left her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband came home.海伦把钥匙忘到办公室里了，因此她不得不等她丈夫回来。
When we got to the cinema, the film had already begun.当我们到达电影院时，电影已经开始了。
He told me that he had visited the Great Wall before.他告诉我他以前参观过长城。 By the end of the match, they had kicked 2 goals, and we had kicked 4.比赛结束时，
他们踢进了2个球而我们踢进了4个球。
When Jack arrived he learned Mary had been away for almost an hour.杰克到达后得知玛丽走了近一个小时了。
（2）表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到过去的这一时间，而且还可能继续下去的动作，常和for, since构成的短语或引导的从句连用。
The news came as no surprise to me.I had known for some time that the factory was going to shut down.听到这个消息我并不感到吃惊。工厂要倒闭这件事我早就知道了。
By the time I left the school, he had taught the cla for 3 years.到我毕业时，他已经教那个班三年了。
He said he had made great progre since he came here.他说自从他来这里他已经取得了很大进步。
（3）用于表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件从句或as if从句中表示与过去事实相反
If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.假如他昨天看到你，他就会问你这件事了。
I should have called you if I had known your telephone number.假如我过去知道你的电话号码，我就给你打电话了。
He described the scene as if he had been there.他描绘的景色如同他去过那里一样。 Had I known that you wanted the book, I would have sent it.如果我知道你要这本书，我会送来的。
（4）表示假设的宾语从句
放在像said，told，asked，thought，wondered等过去时动词的后面，表示在这些动作发生之前已经发生了的事情。
My friend told me that he had paed the exam.我的朋友告诉我，他已通过了考试。 He asked me whether I had seen the film the night before.他问我头一天晚上是否看过那部电影。
She wondered who had left the door open.她想知道谁敞着门的。 （5）用在 "It was the first/second/third„time that„”句型中
在此句型中，主句用了一般过去时，that引导的定语从句要用过去完成时。 This was the first time they had met in thirty-nine years.这是39年里他们第一次见面。
It was the first time we had spoken together.这是我们第一次在一起说话。
（6）intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think等动词的过去完成时可以表示一个本来打算做而没有做的事
这种结构也可以表示过去未曾实现的设想、意图或希望等，含有某种惋惜。 I had intended to call on you yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor.我本来昨天打算要去看你，但我来了个不速之客。
We had meant to tell her the news but found that she wasn’t in.我们本想把这个消息告诉她的，但发现她不在家。
（7）过去完成时常用结构有“hardly, scarcely, barely „ when, no sooner„ than等副词的句子里。
She hardly had gone to bed when the bell rang.他刚睡下铃就响了。
No sooner had they left the building than a bomb exploded.他们刚刚离开大楼，一颗
炸弹就爆炸了。
（8）当before , after, as soon as 等引导的从句里的动作与主句的动作紧接时，由于这些连词本身已经说明了两个动作发生的先后关系，因此两个动作均可用一般过去时表示。
We had breakfast after we did morning exercises.做完早操之后，我们吃早饭。 The train started to move just before we reached the station.我们到车站时火车刚开动。
As soon as they got there, they started to study.他们一到那里就开始学习了。
定语从句
一、限定性定语从句
1.that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置
2.which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢
3.代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括all, anything, much等，这时的that常被省略
4.who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语
5.where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句
6.when引导定语从句表示时间
〔注〕值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导
By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.
I still remember the first time I met her.
Each time he goes to besine trip, he brings a lot of living neceities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.
7.whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格
8.当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something,
anything, everything或nothing时，常用there is来引导
二、非限定性定语从句：非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立
1.which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分
2.在引导限定性定语从句时，that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at which
Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed.人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变，这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。
I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it.我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐，而他恰恰与我相反。
We arrived the day that(on which) they left.刚好我们到的那天他们走了。
3.有时as也可用作关系代词
4.在非限定性定语从句中，不能用that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物
在英文中，有两种定语从句：限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句。这两种定语从句在其功能和形式方面都有明显的区别：
限定性定语从句限定性定语从句与主句的关系很紧奏，对其先行词起限定、修饰的作用。如果将其去掉，会影响句子意思的完整性；有时甚至于引起费解、误解。例如：
Rainforests are being cleared for valuable timber and other resources to speed up the economic growth of the nationsin which they are located . 为了加速他们各自所在国家的经济发展，热带雨林作为有价值的原木和其他资源正为人们所砍伐。
Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow. 洋流影响其流经的附近地区的气候。
They explained the reason to us why they had hated us before. 他们向我们解释为什么他们不喜欢我们的原因。
非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句在形式上就与主句很松散，它与主句之间有一个逗点"，"隔开；它对其先行词没有限定、修饰的作用，只起补充、说明的作用。有时也用它来对全句进行补充、说明。即使将其去掉，也不会影响句子意思。由于上述原因，非限定性定语从句在表达意思方面也有别于限定性定语从句。另外，非限定性定语从句在中文译文里，我们往往将其作为一个分句处理，而不把
它作定语翻译。 例如：Earlier , the Babylonians had attempted to map the world , but they presented it in the form of a flattened disc rather than a sphere , which was the form adopted by Ptolemy .
（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对先行词a sphere进行补充、说明。）
更早之前，巴比伦人曾试图绘制世界地图，但是他们把它绘制成平盘状而不是托勒密所采用的球体状。
The combination of satellites, which transmit information , computers , which store information , and television , which displays information , will change every home into an education and entertainment center .
（此句中，三个非限定性定语从句分别对三个先行词：satellites ，computers和television进行补充、说明。如果去掉这三个非限定性定语从句，那么句子可简化为：
The combination of satellites , computers and television will change every home into an education and entertainment center .）卫星能传输信息，计算机能储存信息，电视能显示信息，把这些手段结合起来可以使每个家庭都成为教育娱乐的中心。
The sun heats the earth , which makes it poible for plants to grow .（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对全句进行补充、说明,将全句表达的意思看成"一件事情）。太阳给予大地热，这就使植物的生长成为可能。
The old man has a son , who is in the army .（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对先行词son进行补充、说明。但本句所传达的信息是："这位老人只有一个儿子" 。如果将此句改写成限定性定语从句：
The old man has a son who is in the army .那位老人有一个在部队工作的儿子。那么，限定性定语从句就要对先行词son进行限定、修饰。这样一来，句子所传达的信息就变成了："这位老人有一个儿子在部队工作，还有其他的儿子在干别的工作"。）那位老人有一个儿子，他在部队工作
三、初中定语从句的讲解与练习
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有：when, where, why等。 18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pa me the book whose (of which) cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3）which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语 18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
1）when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
2）that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。）
（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. （对） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
语法讲解：主谓一致
在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。
一、语法一致原则
语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
1.以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：His father is working on the farm./ To study English well is not easy./ What he said is very important for us all./ The children were in the claroom two hours ago./ Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
注意：由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。如：What I bought were three English books./ What I say and do is （are） helpful to you.
2.由连接词and或both „„ and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。如：Lucy and Lily are twins./ She and I are clamates./ The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news./ Both she and he are Young Pioneers.
注意：（1）若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。如：The writer and artist has come.（2）由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no， each， every more than a （an） ， many a （an）修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：Every student and every teacher was in the room./ No boy and no girl likes it.
3.主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with， together with， except， but， like， as well as， rather than， more than， no le than， besides， including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。如：Mr.Green， together with his wife and children， has come to China./ Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground./ She， like you and Tom， is very tall.
4.either， neither， each， every 或no +单数名词和由some， any， no， every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。如：Each of us has a new book./ Everything around us is matter.
注意：（1）在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词（或代词）”作主语时，其谓语动词也可用复数。如：Neither of the texts is （are） interesting.（2）若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。如：None of us has （have） been to America.
5.在定语从句时，关系代词that， who， which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：He is one of my friends who are working hard./ He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.
6.如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family， cla， crowd， committee， population， audience等。如：Cla Four is on the third floor./ Cla Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.
注意：people， police， cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如：The police are
looking for the lost child.
7.由“a lot of， lots of， plenty of， the rest of， the majority of + 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。如：There are a lot of people in the claroom./ The rest of the lecture is wonderful./ 50% of the students in our cla are girls.
注意：a number of“许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；the number of“„„的数量”，主语是number，谓语用单数。
8.在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：There comes the bus./ On the wall are many pictures./ Such is the result./ Such are the facts.
二、逻辑意义一致原则
逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）。
1.what， who， which， any， more， all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。如：Which is your bag？ / Which are your bags？ / All is going well./ All have gone to Beijing.
2.表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体，如：Thirty minutes is enough for the work.
3.若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。如：“The Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book.
4.表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式（也可用复数。如：One and a half apples is （are） left on the table.
5.算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。如：Twelve plus eight is twenty./ Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.
6.一些学科名词是以 –ics 结尾，如：mathematics， politics， physics 以及news， works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：The paper works was built in 1990./ I think physics isn‘t easy to study.
7.trousers， glaes， clothes， shoes， 等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a （the） pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如：My glaes are broken./ The pair of shoes under the bed is his.
8.“定冠词the + 形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。
三、就近一致原则
在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。
1.当两个主语由either „„ or， neither „„ nor， whether „„ or „„， not only „„ but also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。如：Either the teacher or the students are our friends./ Neither they nor he is wholly right./ Is neither he nor they wholly right？
2.there be句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。如：There are two chairs and a desk in the room.
注意：Here引导的句子用法同上。
第15篇：中考考点专题归纳11现在完成时时与过去完成时（推荐）
中考考点专题归纳—现在完成时与过去完成时用法
一语法：现在完成时
1.结构： 主语+ have /has +p.p
主语+ have /has +been +其它
2.判断词：①for+一段时间、since+时间点、how long 引导的时间状语从句。②already/yet引导的时间状语从句
③ever / never引导的时间状语从句
④just / before引导的时间状语从句
⑤by the time +过去的时间状语/ by the end of+过去的时间状语
⑥次数/ where is xxx ( 如果有动作用现在进行时，如果无动作用has / have gone to xx
⑦in the last / past + 一段时间。
3.特殊情况：由①中的引导词引导的句子中不能用短暂性动词，出现短暂性动词要改为延续性动词。
常见的转化的词有：die→be deadbuy→haveborrow→keepleave→be away(from)
start→be onjoin→be in+ 组织/ be a member of+ 组织+ 组织
⑷疑问句、否定句的做法
英语的时态中，完成时态是最特殊的一类。他们在变疑问句、否定句时只需将have / has提前构成疑问句，在have / has 后加“not ”构成否定。而其余时态则需要添加助动词。
特殊：一般过去时与现在完成时的区别与联系
相同点：两种时态都发生在过去。
不同点：过去时的动作发生在过去且过去就结束，现在完成时的过去没有结束要持续到现在来完成或进行结束。
二 语法：过去完成时用法
⑴定义：表示在过去的某个动作之前发生的动作。
⑵结构：主语 + had+ p.p
⑶判断词：
1.by the end of / by the time + 过去的某个动作, 主语 + had+ p.p
2.by the end of / by the time + 过去的时间, 主语 + had+ p.p
3.When / before + 一个过去时的句子，主语 + had+ p.p
4.在宾语从句中，当从句的时态是现在完成时而主句的时态是过去时，此时从句的时态最终用过去完成时。
⑷疑问句、否定句的做法
英语的时态中，完成时态是最特殊的一类。他们在变疑问句、否定句时只需将have / has / had 提前构成疑问句，在have / has / had后加“not ”构成否定。而其余时态则需要添加助动词。
第16篇：教案
广告文案写作》
一、主要目标和主要内容：
本课程内容分成上下两篇，上篇主要讲述与广告文案写作有关的广告传播观念、广告创意策略和广告文案的功能和结构、文案写作的策略思考，重点训练学生的广告策略和创意思维；下篇则主要涉及广告文案的各个组成部分的撰写，即广告标题、广告语、广告正文和随文等，以及广告文案的诉求方式，力图从理论策略和实践操作两个层面来建立学生较为完整的广告文案知识和实践体系，提高学生的广告文案鉴赏能力和广告文案写作水平。
二、授课教师和授课对象：
授课教师为范小青。授课对象是文学与新闻传播学院广告学本科学生，开设在第二学年第二学期。
三、课程类型和学时学分：
课程类型为专业必修课。54学时。3学分。
四、教学方式（授课形式和考核方式）：
教师讲授与实践训练相结合。将实践作业训练与授课内容紧密地结合，调动学生积极性，从而逐步提高学生的广告创意和文案写作能力。考核方式：
由期中、期末、平时三项成绩组成。其中，平时成绩主要考察学生考勤、平时作业表现和课堂表现。期中考试主要进行广告文案写作实例训练，要求学生根据某个产品或品牌的现状为其撰写完整的广告文案，目的在于考核学生上半学期所学的主要知识和运用、对文案能力的初步考察。期末考试是在学期结束后，以闭卷考试的形式考核整学期的学习成果，成绩计入“期末考试成绩”，其主要考察内容基础知识与实践能力考查并重，具体考察比例为：基本的广告文案写作知识和思路约占40%，根据给定策略单进行广告文案的撰写约占60%。
最后以总成绩以平时、期中、期末三项成绩的百分比相加而成，其中：
平时成绩占25%，期中考试成绩占25%，期末考试成绩占50%。三项成绩的原始分和最后总成绩均为百分制。
五、教材与参考书目：
教材：
《广告文案写作》高志宏、徐智明著，中国物价出版社2002年8月第二版。
选用理由：全书内容丰富，层次分明，对学生学习撰写广告文案及策略的思考方法很有帮助，大量经典广告文案和海外的一些最新优秀作品，为教学增加了很多的优秀范例，也开拓了学生的视野。
参考书目：
《广告写作艺术》，[美]丹·海金司著，刘毅志译，中国友谊出版公司著，1991年12月第一版。
《怎样创作广告》，[美]汤·狄龙等著，刘毅志编译，中国友谊出版公司1991年12月第一版。
《一个广告人的自白》，[美]大卫·奥格威著，中国友谊出版公司1991年版
《蔚蓝诡计》，乔治·路易斯著，海南出版社1996年版《广告文案传真》，杨梨鹤著，汕头大学出版社2003年版《广告文案》，[美]布鲁斯·班德格著，科技出版社，2001年7月版
《沟通秘境：广告文案之道》，李世丁、袁乐清著，广东经济出版社2001
第17篇：教案
一、教学目标
1．能够掌握五个四会单词：apple, banana, orange, pear, watermelon和二个四会句子：How much are they? They\'re three yuan.
2．如何合理购物。（总任务）
①猜测Zoom的购物内容。（任务1）
②了解Zoom的购物内容和价钱。（任务2）
③分组设计自己的商店，包括店名和食品价格等（课前完成课中交流）。（任务3）
④调查组内成员喜欢的水果、饮料、零食等。（任务4）
⑤分组用100元钱为儿童节联欢会购买水果、饮料、零食等。（任务5）
⑥为父亲购买一份父亲节礼物。（任务6）
二、教学重难点
1．五个四会单词和二个四会句子的掌握。
2.正确使用they are, it is和名词的复数形式。
3.用英语完成任务、文明购物、合理消费。
三、教学准备
1.课前分组，并给每个组员分任务。
2.准备食物、饮料、水果及相关价格图片、调查表、购物单、商店设计，相关课件。
四、语言聚焦
Can I help you？
Yes.I want ...I also want ...
How much are they?
They are ...yuan.
五、教学流程
Pre-tasks（任务前）:
第一步：目标导学
Step 1 Warm-up
1.Sing a song: An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
2.Free talk:
(1) Apples are good for us.I like apples.So I want to go shopping.Do you like shopping? Today we\'ll learn how to go shopping reasonably? (Show the task)
(2) We have 6 shops here.What are they? Let\'s go and see.Hello! Group 1, what\'s your shop\'s name? What about G2, can you show us your shop\'s name? What about G3 / G4 / G5 / G6? (One by one)
While-tasks（任务中）:
第二步：自学交流
Step 2 Learn the dialogue
1.Zoom likes shopping, too.He\'s shopping now.Gue: Where is Zoom? Is he in the fruit shop / food shop / drink shop? Yes, he is in the fruit shop.
2.Look at the picture.Oh, so many fruits.What are they? They are apples, bananas, oranges, pears and watermelons. 3.Can you gue what fruit does Zoom want? Let\'s listen and check.He wants some apples, bananas, oranges, pears and watermelons.
4.Read by yourselves and finish Zoom\'s shopping list.Then discu in groups.
Zoom\'s shopping list
What How much
第三步：精讲助学
5.Let\'s check.What does zoom want to buy? He wants five apples, ten bananas, ten oranges, five pears and two watermelons.How much are they? They are 18 yuan.
6.Listen and repeat.
第四步：训练拓展
Step 3 Shopping for the party
1.Make your own shopping list.
(1) Children\'s Day is coming.We\'ll have a party.So we want to go shopping for the party.We have fruit shops / drink shops / food shops in our claroom.Let\'s see.What\'s in your shops and how much are the things? Eg: This is our shop.We have ...The apple is 3 yuan.The banana is 2 yuan ...Welcome to our shop.(Group leaders introduce their shops.)
So we can go shopping in these shops.Each group can get 100 yuan.Discu: What do you want? What can you buy? How much are they?
(2) Work in groups and make your own shopping list in 3 minutes.
2.Shopping time (1) Let\'s see your shopping lists.You have finished your shopping lists.Now you can go shopping like this:
A: Can I help you?
C: Yes.We want ...How much is it / are they?
A: It\'s / They are ...yuan.
(2) No.1, No.2, No.3 in each group can go shopping for your group.No.4, No.5, No.6 in each group are the shop aistants.You can choose your favourite shop and go shopping in 5 minutes.
3.Report time
1) Choose your way to give a report.
Eg: We are Group 1.We want ...That\'s ...yuan.可以是小组长汇报，也可是购买的人分头汇报。
2) The others listen and fill in the form.
Group Things Price Total price（总价） G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6
3) Let\'s check.形式可多样。
Eg: How many ...? How much are they? Or repeat the report.
4) Which group is more reasonable?（评价）
(1) Put the shopping lists on the blackboard.
(2) What do you think of G1\'s shopping list？
(3) Which one is more reasonable？
(4) Give the suggestions.
第五步：反馈归纳
Focus on form（聚焦语言）
1.Today we have learned:
A: Can I help you?
B: Yes.We want ...How much is it / are they?
A: It\'s /They are ...yuan.
2.(1) Read the dialogue and fill in the blanks.
A: Can I help you？
A: That\'s thirty yuan.
(2) Check the answer.
Post-tasks（任务后）:
Father\'s day is coming.You can buy a present for your father.Then what do you want to buy? How much is it / are they? After cla, you can work with your partner.
第18篇：教案
【教案模板】
一、授课课程及内容
例：概率论：1.4 条件概率
二、授课对象及学情分析（注：此表述教师可根据实际情况调整）
三、教学目标
四、教学重难点
五、教学时间
15分钟
六、教学方法
七、教学过程（或教学内容设计）
（一）导入新课
（二）新课学习
（三）归纳总结
（四）课后思考
（五）板书设计
八、教学反思
注：教案基本包括以上内容，教师可根据课程性质的特殊性进行个性化设计和添加。
第19篇：教案
数星星的孩子
教学目标：
1.认识“数（shu、shu）、撒（sa）、玉（yu）、星（xing）、仰（yang）、能（neng）、清(qing)、绕（rao）、钻（zuan）”9个生字。 2.分角色有感情地朗读课文，体会故事的情趣和蕴含的道理。
3.学习张衡从小善于观察和思考的好习惯。
教学重点：识记生字，分角色有感情的朗读课文。 教学难点：学习张衡从小善于思考观察的好品质。 教法设计：引导学生读中领会，感悟故事的情趣。
一、课前游戏：
同学们这节课由我跟同学们一块上，那上课前我们先来做一个小游戏好吗？听说咱们班同学知道的词语特别多，是真的吗？那咱们都来说带星的词语看谁说出的词语多，现在大家先准备一分钟，快速搜集头脑中带星字的词语。（星星、星光、明星、球星 三星、星座、外星人、星空、、金星、明星、天狼星、火星文、星火燎原、北斗星、星星、火星、繁星、水星、北极星、流星雨、、北斗七星、满天星、海王星、、木星、冥王星、、卫星、土星、恒星、、海星、流星等）准备好了吗?开始！（学生说带星的词语） 咱们班同学积累的词语真多，真不简单，由于时间的关系，咱们先玩到这里，准备上课吧!
二、导入新课：
课前我们说了那么多带“星”字的词语，今天我们就来学一 篇和星星有关的课文，讲的是一个孩子数星星的故事。 板书课题：数星星的孩子（指名读、齐读）师指出多音字shu。
三、初读课文，认识生字。
1.同学们咱们课文比较长，先听老师给同学们范读一遍，不认识的生字注上拼音。(放老师范读课件)
2.小朋友们本课呀，有9个星星生字等着同学们认识它们呢？同学们默读课文快去认一认吧！（数（shu、shu）、撒（sa）、玉（yu）、星（xing）、仰（yang）、能（neng）、清(qing)、绕（rao）、钻（zuan）”）
谁来说说你认识了那个星星生字？（请几位同学认生字，并组词） 3.星星生字小朋友们都认识了，我们把它们放入课文中看同学们还认不认识，请同学们翻到课本第七课，谁愿意接读课文？（请5位同学读，每人一段。)同学们端起书来仔细听他们读得怎么样?
4.请几生评价朗读情况。（从语气、错字方面)
四、朗读感悟。
（一）学习第一自然段。
1.在一个晴朗的夜晚，满天的星星像无数珍珠撒落在碧玉盘里，一个孩子做在院子里，靠着奶奶，仰起头，指着天空数星星，就让我们仰起头，指着天空跟孩子一起来数星星行吧!(课件出示满天繁星，同学们和老师一起仰起头，指着天空一颗一颗的数）
2.咦，你们怎么不数了？（学生说说数星星的感受：星星太多了，数也数不清）你是从哪句话看出来的？（课件出示：满天的星星像无数珍珠撒在碧玉盘里。通过“满天”和”无数”两个词语来体会星星之多，指导学生读出星星多的语气。）是啊，星星一闪一闪的，真是太难数了。可是这个孩子就这样数呀数呀，一直数了几百颗，多么有耐心的孩子呀！你佩服他妈？谁愿意读读这句话？（课件出示：一颗、两颗，一直数到了几百颗。指名读、师范读、加动作读）
（二）学习第
二、三自然段。
1.这个孩子多么有耐心啊！看到孩子数星星，奶奶是怎么说的？孩子又是怎么回答的呢？请两个小朋友一人当奶奶，一人当孩子，读读他们的对话吧！
2.（课件出示奶奶和孩子的对话）谁愿意当奶奶？谁愿意当孩子？（师指两名学生读对话、）
3.我想来采访采访这位奶奶。（走到奶奶身边）
（1）奶奶，您好！您为什么说自己的孩子是傻孩子呢？
答：（因为天上的星星太多了，是很难数清的。） （2）他数星星时你感到心疼了吗？
答；(是)真是位疼爱孙子的奶奶。谁愿意再来当奶奶劝劝自己的孙子？（指导学生朗读奶奶的话，读出奶奶和蔼的语气）
4.让我再来问问孩子。（老师走到孩子身边）
（1） 孩子你好!奶奶心疼你了。劝你不要数星星了，你觉得奶奶说的对吗？（不对，因为能看得见就能数的清。）
（2） 这些知识你是怎么知道的？（平时很多次观察得来的）你数过多少次星星？（很多次，无数次）
（3） 这是一个多么善于观察，善于发现的孩子啊！谁还愿意当孩子，把自己的发现告诉大家！（指导朗读孩子的话，读出孩子好学、求知数语气）
（三）学习第四自然段。
1.奶奶和孩子的话被爷爷听到了，他走过来对孩子说了些什么呢？点名读出来（爷爷说：孩子，你看得很仔细。天上的星星是在动，可是它们之间的距离好像是不变的。我们的祖先把它们分成一组一组的，还给起了名字。”爷爷停了停，指着北边的天空，说：“你看，那七颗星，连起来像一把勺子，叫北斗七星。勺口对着的那颗星就是北极星。北斗七星总是绕着北极星转。”）
2.爷爷还告诉孩子：“北斗七星总是绕着北极星慢慢地转动”。听了这句话孩子又是怎么想的，怎么做的？请你自己读读这句话。（课件出示“爷爷说的话是真的吗？这孩子一夜没睡好，几次起来看星星，他看清楚了北斗七星果然绕着北极星慢慢地转动）
3.现在我想再来采访采访孩子，哪个孩子愿意接受我的采访？
（1）听了爷爷的话，你是怎么想的，怎么做的？（爷爷说的话是真的吗？我一夜没睡好，几次起来看星星）
（2）你晚上起来几次？（四次或五次）你不觉得累吗？（不累）
（3）你最后看到结果是怎样的？（北斗七星果然绕着北极星慢慢地转）祝贺你又有了新的收获！
（4） .为了证实爷爷的话，这个孩子能一夜起来看星星，真是个不怕吃苦、肯钻研的孩子！谁能读读这三句话，夸夸孩子？(指名读、齐读，爷爷说的话是真的吗？······读出孩子爱钻研的语气）
（四）学习第五自然段。
这个数星星的孩子长大后怎样了呢？请同学们齐读最后一段。(生齐读）数星星的孩子叫张衡，是汉朝人，他长大以后刻苦钻研天文，成了著名的天文学家。（板书：汉·张衡。天文学家）同学们张衡生活的年代离我们现在有很久很久，很远很远，但这个故事却留给了我们，更重要的是张衡成为天文学家做出的贡献留给了我们。同学们谁了解张衡长大后的情况？（生：1.发明地动仪；2.发明浑天仪；3.是杰出的文学家）同学们你喜欢小张衡吗？（喜欢）说说你的原因吧！（指几名学生说）
五、拓展延伸：
小朋友们，张衡从小就刻苦钻研天文，长大后成了天文学家，在我们身边也时有科学，处处有科学，如果我们也像张衡那样，用心去观察，去思考，去钻研，也许未来的科学家就在我们中间。
六、作业布置：
按课文内容填空。
1.天上的星星像（
）撒在（
）里。 2.那期颗星连起来像（
），叫（
）。
3.（
）果然绕着（
)慢慢地转动。
七、板书设计。
数星星的孩子
（汉·张衡）
第20篇：教案、
鼓励让孩子建立自信
户外活动开始了，孩子们在院子里热闹非凡，生机勃勃，到处都是孩子们的笑脸，开心的笑声，就连最内向的琪琪小朋友脸上也乐开了花，像只小蝴蝶在院子里飞舞。由于琪琪小朋友是从外地转过来的，性格内向，很少与同伴接触，一日活动中，总觉的这孩子少了些童稚，多了些忧郁，在集体中显得郁郁寡欢，因此户外活动时，她总是自己躲在一个角落，不愿跟其他的小伙伴一块做游戏，一块活动，很多的活动技巧也掌握不了。我常用爱的眼光去看他，用温暖的手去牵她的小手，摸摸她的头，用宽阔的双臂去拥抱她，并且让班里的孩子们都去接近她，跟她做游戏，教她跳绳、玩球等。一天，孩子们告诉我：“老师，琪琪会跳绳了！”真让人惊叹啊！于是我高兴的抱起她：“你太棒了，继续努力！”琪琪的眼睛里放出了平时不多见的兴奋之光，笑脸也生动起来。我又不失时机的在全班孩子们面前表扬了她，还让她跳绳给大家看，从此以后，琪琪时不时不地展示跳绳的本领，很多花样技巧让她跳的很轻松自如，别的活动也随之增进，整个人都变了，变得爱说爱笑，活泼自信。
这件事，让我看到表扬在幼儿教育中有着不可估量的作用，它可以帮助孩子建立自信，形成自己肯定与自我欣赏的良好心态。同时，让我意识到不管哪一个孩子，都需要爱，需要温暖，尤其是来到我们集体中，只要人人都献出一点爱，真诚的伸出援助之手，一切都会变得那么美好！ 正确引导，培养幼儿自理能力
小班孩子年龄小， 基本的日常生活都不能自理，如果一味帮他们做，就会使孩子养成依赖心理，使他们失去锻炼机会，要是让孩子们都自己做，孩子们又实在做不了。为此，在日常生活中我采取了从“留一半给孩子”的做法，逐步培养他们的生活自理能力。比如在午睡起床时，大部分孩子不会穿鞋，都嚷嚷着让我帮他穿，我就帮每个孩子穿上一只鞋子，并要求他仔细看老师是怎样穿的，留下另一只让他自己学着穿，看谁先学会穿鞋子，孩子们的兴趣一下就有了，都抢着自己穿另一只鞋子，我一边帮助指导，一边及时鼓励和表扬每个孩子，不长时间，孩子们就会自己穿鞋子了。
生活方面不管做什么事情都发挥幼儿的主体作用，教师正确引导，留一半让孩子自己做，让每个幼儿都得到充分的发展，促进了孩子们的成长，培养了孩子的自理能力。
小班健康：认识五官
活动目标：
1、积极愉快参与认识五官的活动，在活动中有乐于观察
和操作的兴趣。
2、知道要爱护五官并学会保护五官的简单方法。
3、知道脸上器官的名称及位置，并能说出各器官的主要
功能。
活动重点：知道脸上器官的名称及位置，并能说出各器官的主要功能。 活动难点：学会保护五官的简单方法。
活动准备：眼、耳、口、鼻、眉毛的器官贴绒及图片，娃娃脸一张，香水一瓶，一块小镜子，儿歌录音。 活动过程：
一：导入活动：运用儿歌《小手拍拍》帮助幼儿掌握五官的位置。请幼儿跟着录音边唱儿歌《小手拍拍》，边根据歌词用手指出相应的五官位置。
二：活动过程：
1、认识五官的名称及位置
（1）玩照镜子的游戏：照照镜子，看看镜子里面是谁？你的脸上有什么？（引导幼儿说出五官名称）
（2B、老师唱出歌曲《小手拍拍》，并不断改变歌词顺序，如眼睛在哪里，变成嘴巴在哪里等，请幼儿根据老师长唱出的歌词指出相应的位置。
3、了解五官的功能和保护方法：此环节主要让幼儿感知五官的作用。
首先，教师提问：”小朋友们，刚才我们认识了五官，那你们知道它们的用途吗？”幼儿通过实际生活中的经验进行回答。然后教师设置情境让幼儿充分感知五官的作用。
（1）出示眼睛图片，问幼儿：这是什么？有什么作用呢？让幼儿回答。然后请幼儿闭上眼睛10秒钟，让幼儿说出闭上眼睛后的感受，感知眼睛是用来看东西的。
教师：如果我们的眼睛受伤了可能就会看不见，那我们该怎么保护我们的眼睛呢？（请幼儿回答）
总结：不能用手揉眼睛，眼睛会红，不能用东西戳眼睛，眼睛会瞎的，不能做太近的位置看电视，也不能长时间的看电视，不要在光线太强或者太暗的地方看书。
（2）出示眉毛图片，问幼儿：这是什么？有什么作用呢？让幼儿讨论并请幼儿回答。
教师：1.保护眼睛的功能，眉毛是保护眼睛的一道天然屏障，能够防止来自眼睛上方的汗水、雨水、灰尘、异物的刺激，对眼睛有很好的保护作用。 2.能表现人的喜怒衰乐3.能对眼部头部过多的热量进行调节4.美观好看。所以，我们要好好保护自己的眉毛，不能把眉毛拔掉。
（3）出示鼻子图片，问幼儿：这是什么？有什么作用呢？让幼儿回答。教师喷洒香水，让幼儿感知鼻子是用来闻气味的。教师：小朋友们，我们现在知道了鼻子的作用，那该怎么保护它呢？（让幼儿思考并回答）
总结：不能乱挖鼻子，不要把东西往鼻子里面塞，这样会很危险也不讲卫生。有鼻涕的时候要用纸巾或者手帕擦鼻子。有时间的时候要可以给鼻子做按摩哦，这样我们的鼻子会很舒服的。
（4）放儿歌录音《小手拍拍》,问幼儿听过这首歌曲吗？你是用那里听到的？在幼儿说出耳朵的同时出示耳朵的图片。教师：我们的耳朵可以听到不同的声音，那我们该怎么保护它呢？（让幼儿思考并请幼儿回答）
总结：小朋友不能自己掏耳朵，掏耳朵的时候必须让大人帮忙。也不能把小东西放进我们的耳朵里，不要听太多很尖锐的声音，那样会伤害到我们的耳朵。
（5）刚才的那首曲子小朋友会唱吗？那你们是用那里唱歌的啊！在幼儿说出嘴巴的同时出示嘴巴的图片。教师：嘴巴除了唱歌，你们知道它还能做什么吗？知道了嘴巴有那么多的作用，那我们应该怎么保护它呢？
总结：嘴巴会吃饭，说话、唱歌、讲故事等等。我们不能放脏东西和小手到嘴巴里面，不能吃太烫的食物，吃完东西要淑口，早晚还要刷牙。
2、通过游戏”贴脸谱”巩固对五官位置的认识
A、在磁吸板上贴出一张娃娃的脸谱让幼儿观察：“娃娃的脸和我们的
一样吗？缺了什么？”
B、请小朋友操作学具，在娃娃的脸谱上正确贴出五官的位置。
C、请个别幼儿出来给磁吸板上的娃娃贴出五官。
教师小结：我们的眼睛是用来看东西的，眉毛是保护眼睛的，鼻子是用来闻气味的，耳朵是用来听声音的，嘴巴是用来说话和吃东西的，他们对我们都非常的重要，所以，我们一定要保护好他们。 活动总结：根据儿歌律动《五官歌》结束本节活动。
活动延伸：
1、让幼儿学习正确的洗脸方法，养成良好的卫生习惯。
2、让幼儿回家画出自己或者父母的五官。
