中英对照读后感范文

推荐第1篇：诱拐读后感中英对照

《诱拐》这个故事我一口气看完了。

The kidnapping I read one breath.

我喜欢看斯蒂文森的作品，读他的小说我会产生一股莫名的激情，读他的小说我能感受正义之气，读他的小说我仿佛在亲身经历，当人被逼上了绝境后怎么办？

I like to see Stevens\'s work, reading his novel I will produce a sense of paion, reading his novel I can feel the justice of the gas, reading his novel I as if in experience, when people were forced on the wall after?

那段小戴维黑夜里到伯父家塔楼上拿文件的历程，令人心惊胆战，也令我觉得身处其中。That little David went to uncle’s home on the course of tower, take documents, a thrill, also makes me feel that are there.

那段和海船上15个海员的战斗，更是触目惊心，后来无论戴维在孤岛上的经历，在姆尔岛的路上，逃亡在高地上灌木丛中情景，我的心跟着戴维在激烈地跳动。

That he and 15 sea of seafarers battle on board, is frightening, then whatever David on the island\'s experience, and in the way of his island, escape to the highlands to the bushes scenario, My heart follow David in beat fiercely.

如果没有乡间生活练出来好的身体，如果没有17岁的青春的气息，如果没有朋友的帮助，如果没有上帝的照顾，他早已没命，尽管如此，在磨难中，他好几次曾经选择过放弃自己的生命，他好几次被摧残的倒下养病。

If no country life from practice a good body, if no 17 year old green flavor, if no friends help, if there is no god\'s care, he has already been killed, even so, the tribulations, he have chosen had to give up his own life several times, he battered down for illne.

看了《诱拐》后，我越来越感到平时锻练的身体的重要性，锻炼好自己的身体，才能培养好自己在绝境中的生存能力。

After saw \"kidnapping\" , I felt the importance of physical exercise , the exercise is good for oneselves’ body, it can cultivate their ability and make them survive in the wall.

患难中见真情，这句话说的没错。

True love shows itself in time of trouble, this saying yes.

戴维和艾伦的生死之交更是我难忘的情节，当看到他们两个齐心合力，创造了一个又一个的奇迹，战胜了一个又一个的敌人，我倍感欣慰。

David and Allen’s experience to life and death is the plot of the unforgettable I pay, when he saw the two of them work together, created a miracle, win over one enemy, I pleased.

当看到他们的友情到了低潮，互相争执的时候，我的心情就非常阴暗，如果我有艾伦这样的朋友，我的生活一定过得非常精彩！

When I see their friendship to low tide, disagree at each other, my mood is very dark, if I have Alan such a friend, my life must be very exciting!

推荐第2篇：《简爱》读后感中英对照

不屈的灵魂更美丽 Unyielding Soul is More

Beautiful

——读《简爱》有感

130106班 谭嘉欣 130674122

——Reaction to Jane Eyre

不屈的灵魂更美丽

Unyielding Soul is More Beautiful

——读《简爱》有感

——Reaction to Jane Eyre

《简爱》是英国著名的女作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特的代表作，这位性格刚强、才华出众的女作家，用她的灵魂塑造了简·爱，发出了女性独立自尊的呼声，百年来感动了无数读者的心。

Jane Eyre is a representative work of Charlotte Bronte, a famous British writer.This tough and talented female writer shaped the image of Jane Eyre with her own soul to call for women’s independent self-esteem, and thus has touched the heart of countle readers during the more than one hundred years.

英国哲学家休谟说：“人生的终极目的就是为了获取幸福。”这几乎可以成为对本书主人公简爱的最佳注解。书中讲述了一位从小变成孤儿的英国女子简爱在各种挫折中不断追求自由与尊严，坚持自我，最终获得幸福的故事。小说通过展示男女主人公曲折起伏的爱情经历，成功塑造了一个敢于反抗，敢于争取自由和平等地位的女性形象。

British philosopher David Hume once said, “The ultimate goal of life is to gain happine.” This can almost serve as the best explanatory note to Jane Eyre, the leading character in this book.The book tells a story about Jane Eyre, a British woman orphaned in her childhood, who struggles and adheres to her own belief in various kinds of setbacks for the constant pursuit of freedom and dignity, and finally gains happine.By showing the tortuous and twisting love experience of the hero and heroine, the novel succeeds in shaping a female image who dares to revolt and to fight for freedom and equal status.全书构思精巧，情节波澜起伏，给读者制造出一种吊诡的气氛，充满维多利亚时期的中古味道。全书的语言描述张力十足，呈现出的场景感丰满自然，有着强大的感染力。夏洛蒂.勃朗特的手法非常注重场景感的架构，读起来的时候仿佛置身于这种场景之中，作者就用这种情节把控力，引导着读者体验其中的人物变幻和世间百态。

The book is conceived ingeniously and elaborately, the story lines with one climax following another, so that readers should feel an atmosphere of paradox and a taste of mediaeval times peculiar to the Victorian Era.The linguistic description is charming and attractive throughout the book, making the scene sensation full, natural and strongly infectious.Due to Charlotte Bronte’s great emphasis on the architecture of scene sensation, readers feel as if personally on the scenes when reading the book.And the author, by means of her ability to control the plots, guides readers to experience the character and life changes displayed in the book.

最令我深刻难忘的就是简爱和罗切斯特的对白，“你以为，因为贫穷、低微、不美丽，我就没有灵魂没有心么？当我们的灵魂穿过坟墓站到上帝面前时，我们是平等的！”。这句对白震撼有力，闪现着一种独立人格的壮美与崇高。追求个人幸福时，简·爱表现出异乎寻常的纯真、朴实的思想感情和一往无前的勇气，她并没有因为自己的仆人地位而放弃对幸福的追求，她的爱情是纯洁高尚的，她对罗切斯特的财富不屑一顾，她之所以钟情于他，就是因为他能平等待人，把她视作朋友，与她坦诚相见。在那样的时代背景下，喊出女性独立平等自由的精神是多么的难能可贵。

What imprees me most is the dialogue between Jane Eyre and Rochester, “Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulle and heartle? You think wrong! …ust as if both had paed through the grave, and we stood at God’s feet, equal, - as we are!” This dialogue, shocking and powerful, presents the sublime and loftine of independent personality.When pursuing her personal happine, Jane Eyre shows extraordinary innocence, unadorned minds and sentiments and indomitable courage.She does not give up her pursuit of happine is spite of her character as a housemaid, and her love is pure and noble.She regards Rochester’s wealth as not worthy of serious consideration, and the reason why she is deeply in love with him is that he can treat others as equals, consider her to be a friend and get along with her heart to heart.In the background of that time, it was really so rare and commendable to call for women’s independence, equality and freedom. 作者擅长运用渲染的手法。通过噩梦、幻觉、预感来营造地狱的气氛，建构一个寓言式的环境。夏洛蒂·勃朗特加入的这些元素使整部小说呈现出不一样的气氛，更吸引读者。在盖茨赫德，简爱从生活中感觉到了“阴森森的祭奠气氛”，看到时隐时现的“幽灵”，而压抑恐怖，令人毛骨悚然的“红房子”则几乎成了地狱的化身。在罗沃德，“死亡成了这里的常客”，“围墙之内笼罩着阴郁和恐怖”，散发着“死亡的恶臭”，对简爱来说，无疑是刚跳出火坑，却又被投进了一个更为可怕的地狱。阴森恐怖的氛围下，故事开展起来，主人公之间的冲突又淋漓尽致的展现出来。

The author is good at using the technique of rendering.She creates the atmosphere of hell by means of nightmares, illusions and presentiments, to set up an allegoric environment.Those elements added by Charlotte Bronte make the whole novel present a different atmosphere, to attract readers more effectively.In Gateshead, Jane Eyre feels “a gloomy atmosphere of sacrificial ceremony” in the daily life and sees flickering “ghosts” from time to time, so she feels depreed and scared.In particular, the hair-raising “red house” has almost become the embodiment of hell.In Lowood, “death is a frequent visitor here”, and “the walled courtyard is shrouded with gloomine and horror” and exudes “the stench of death”.For Jane Eyre, beyond all doubt, hardly had she leaped from the fiery pit when she was thrown into a more terrible hell.In the gloomy and horrific atmosphere, the story is unfolded, and the conflicts between the leading characters are also revealed incisively and vividly.

很多人把它当做一本爱情读本，可是《简爱》的意涵并非只有爱情那么简单。《简爱》这本书的历史背景设置在维多利亚早期，西方登记制度最为森严的时期，人们的思想也被层级牢牢的束缚住了。在这样的大背景下，简爱作为一个小人物，她所迸发出来的精神力量在时代的反衬下显得更为耀眼：尽管无父无母，十分贫困，过着被人虐待的生活，但她仍毅然表示：我绝不会去下层的穷人家生活，我不愿成为下层人民。血统就是这样严格地烙印在她身上的，不可忤逆。就算在后期她出走后身无分文，几乎饿死街头，也不愿成为下层的乞讨者去讨要食物。经济上的穷困潦倒与内心坚持的中产阶级身份标识形成鲜明对比。

Many people consider it to be a love novel, but the implication of Jane Eyre is not confined to love.The novel Jane Eyre is on the background of the early Victorian Age, a period in which the western registration system was strictest, and the people’s thoughts were imprisoned like grim death by the hierarchy.In this general background, Jane Eyre, as a small potato, has her mental strength more dazzling by the contrast of the age: in spite of being a very poor orphan and abused by others, she still shows her determination resolutely: I will never lead a life in a poor household at the bottom of the society, and I hate to be a lowlife.Just in this way, blood lineage is imprinted in her, strictly and irreversibly.In the later days, although she does not have a single penny left on and almost starves to death on the street after leaving the residence, she still refuses to beg for food as a lower scrounger does.The economic poverty is in stark contrast with the middle cla’ identify to which she always sticks in her heart.很多人喜欢简爱这个形象，是因为她身上带着太多的现实影子，她长相普通、家境潦倒，唯一值得称道的就是不屈从于任何困境的心。然而这种现实却不那样绝望，夏洛蒂从女性的视角赋予了简爱一丝童话的意味，最终，“灰姑娘”简爱还是披荆斩棘，站在了“王子”罗切斯特的面前。努力不妥协、坚持不松懈、坚强不低头，这些类似鸡汤一样平凡的道理，被潜移默化的移植到小说中，被人们理所当然的接受。

A lot of people are fond of the image of Jane Eyre, for the reason that too many shadows of reality can be found in her.She is average-looking and impecunious.The only commendable thing is her heart that succumbs to no troubles.However, the reality is not so desperate, for Charlotte endows Jane Eyre with a touch of fairytale experience from a woman’s perspective.Finally, “Cinderella” Jane Eyre, by breaking open a way through brambles and thorns, stands in front of “Prince” Rochester.Being struggling but uncompromising, being persistent but relaxed and being strong-minded but humble are the life creeds as common as chicken soup, but they are implanted in the novel imperceptibly and accepted by people by the light of nature.《简爱》作为独立女性的经典读物，也是极其充满着现实意义，在一次次的打击和失败面前，我们必须要满怀希望，必须要以充沛的体力、旺盛的精力、坚定的意志力去面向未来，走好未来的路。同时她也向我们昭示着，无论生活有多少的磨难和不愉快，我们都不能忘记灵魂的丰满和内心世界的丰盈，只有这样，我们才能真正拥有爱的自由和信仰。

As a claic novel for independent women, Jane Eyre is also full of practical significance.When faced with the blows and failures that come one after another, we must cherish hope in our heart, and must face the future with inexhaustible physical strength, exuberant energy and strong willpower, to walk the road to the future in a down-to-earth way.In the meantime, she also makes clear to us that no matter how suffering and unpleasant the life is, we cannot forget the fullne of our soul and the profusion of our inward world.Only in this way can we really gain love of freedom and belief.

推荐第3篇：中英对照

行政主体在对行政相对人作出不利行政决定时，是否必须说明理由，二战之后伴随民主法治的发展，经历从无到有的过程。法国、德国、美国、日本及我国台湾地区和澳门地区的行政程序法都有相关规定，说明理由已成为行政程序中一项重要的制度。行政主体在作出影响对人权利义务的行政行为时，向相对人说明作出该行为的事实根据、法律根据及进行自由裁量时所考虑的公共利益、社会习惯、政策考量等因素。这一方面有利于规范行政主体依法行使行政权，保障行政合法性和合理性，降低行政恣意和专断的风险；另一方面，将作出行政决定所依据的事实、法律根据及裁量因素告知行政相对人，可以增强相对人对行政决定的理解和认同。此外，如果相对人对行政决定不服，可根据行政决定的依据和理由寻求法律救济，保障其合法权益。本文以行政程序中的说明理由制度为视角，以我国工商系统推行的说理式行政处罚决定的相关案例，总结我国工商系统说明式行政处罚决定书的特点和问题，并在此基础之上提出完善建议，以期将说理式行政决定书推广适用到行政处罚、行政强制等执法领域，增强行政决定的合理性和正当性，更有效地规范行政权力，保障公民合法权益。

Whether the administrative subject has to give the reasons why making negative administrative decision on administrative counterpart, which appears accompany with the development of democracy and the rule of law.The administrative procedure law in France, Germany, the United States, Japan, Taiwan and Macao of china has relative regulations, and giving the reasons has become an important system in administrative procedure system.When the administrative subject takes administrative actions that will impact the rights and obligations of the administrative counterpart, it should explain to the administrative counterpart the fact and foundation and the law, on which it take the action, also it should explain the public interests, social habits, policy considerations and other factors that it has to take into account when make discretions.on one hand, this is conductive to standardize the administrative subject to execute administrative power according to the law, and guarantee the administrative legality and rationality, reduce administrative arbitrarine and abuse of administrative power; on the other hand, to inform the administrative decision basis of facts, law and discretion factors to the administrative counterpart could enhance the understanding and recognition of the decisions for the administrative counterpart.Besides, if the administrative counterpart doesn’t accept the decisions, could according to the foundations and reasons of the administrative decisions seek for legal redre to protect his/her legal interests.This report base on the reasons explanation system to summarize the characteristics and existing problems of the persuasive administrative penalties notifications in our country’s industrial and commercial systems, and make suggestions on how to improve it, in order to make the administrative decision be applicable to administrative penalty, administrative compulsory enforcement and other executive fields, to enhance the rationality and legitimacy of the administrative decision, effectively regulate the use of the administrative power, protect the legal rights and interests of the citizens.

本文分为五部分：

The report has five parts:

引言部分简单介绍我国学界关于行政程序中说明理由制度的研究概况，说明当前关于说明理由制度研究重心和热点问题。

The brief introduce the general situation of the study of the reasons explanation system in administrative procedure of our law circles, and illustrates the focus and hot iues in current study of the reasons explanation system.

第一部分为全文概述，简要介绍选题依据和来源，从宪政角度分析行政决定的说理性理论基

础，并从行政机关、行政相对人和受理争议机关复审三方面分析行政决定说理性的价值所在。 第二部分着重研究我国工商系统推行的说理式行政处罚决定书案例，总结工商系统说理式行政处罚决定书的特点及存在的问题。

The first part is the general overview of the report, give a brief introduction to the basis and resource of the selection of the topic, analyze the rationality theory foundation of the administrative decision from the constitutional perspective, and analyze the value of the administrative decision rationality from the administrative organ, the administrative counterpart and the request of the controversy dispute acceptance organ.Part two focuses on the study of the cases on the persuasive administrative penalty notification pushed by our country’s industrial and commercial system, and summarize the characteristics and existing problems of the persuasive administrative penalties notifications in our country’s industrial and commercial systems.

第三部分对我国目前关于行政决定说理性的立法规范进行分析，指出当前我国相关立法存在的缺陷和问题。

The third part analyzes the current legal regulations in our country on the rationality of the administrative decisions, and point out the existing defects and problems in our country’s relative laws.

推荐第4篇：中英对照名人名言

英文名言名句大全

1.Do not, for one repulse, forgo the purpose that you resolved to effort. (Shakespeare) 不要只因一次挫败，就放弃你原来决心想达到的目的。（莎士比亚）

2.The man who has made up his mind to win will never say “Impoible\".(Napoleon) 凡是决心取得胜利的人是从来不说“不可能”的。（拿破仑）

3.Miracles sometimes occur, but one has to work terribly for them.(C.Weizmann) 奇迹有时候是会发生的，但是你得为之拼命蒂努力。（魏茨曼）

4.There is no such thing as darkne; only a failure to see.(Muggeridge ) 没有黑暗这种东西，只有看不见而已。（马格里奇） 5.Time is a bird for ever on the wing.(T.W.Robertson) 时间是一只永远在飞翔的鸟。（罗伯逊）

6.If you do not learn to think when you are young, you may never learn.(Edison) 如果你年轻时不学会思考，那就永远不会。（爱迪生） 7.A day is a miniature of eternity.(Emerson) 一天是永恒的缩影。（爱默生）

8.Morality may consist solely in the courage of making a choice.

( L.Blum ) 品德可能仅仅在于有勇气作出抉择。（布鲁斯）

9.If there were le sympathy in the world, there would be le trouble in the world.(O.Wilde) 如果世界上少一些同情，世界上也就会少一些麻烦。（王尔德） 经典英文名句2 1 \"I have many beautiful flowers,\" he said, \"but the children are the most beautiful flowers of all.\"

------Wilde, \"The Selfish Giant\" 「我有许多美丽的花,」他说:「但这些孩子是所有花中最美丽的.」

------王尔德

2 In war, the strong makes slaves of the weak, and in peace the rich makes slaves of poor.

------Wilde, \"The Young King\" 战争时,强者奴役弱者;和平时,富者奴役贫者.

------王尔德

3 The burden of this world is too great for one man to bear, and the world\'s sorrow too heavy for one heart to suffer.

------Wilde, \"The Young King\" 这世界的担子太重了,一个人承担不起;这世界的悲伤太沉重了,一颗心承受不了.

------王尔德

4 Man is not made for defeat.A man can be destroyed but not defeated.

------Hemingway, The Old Man and the Sea 人并不是生来给打败的.人可消灭,但打不败.

------海明威

5 Man is not much beside the great birds and beasts.

------Hemingway, The Old Man and the Sea 比起那些伟大的鸟兽来,人算不了什麼.

------海明威

6 Pain does not matter to a man.

------Hemingway, The Old Man and the Sea 对男子汉而言,痛苦算不了什麼.

------海明威

7 There are more things to admire in men than to despise.

------Camus, The plague 人之可称赞之点,多於其可鄙视之处.

------卡缪

8 What interests me is living and dying for what one loves.

------Camus, The plague 我感到兴趣的是:为所爱而生,为所爱而死.

------卡缪

9 If there is one thing one can always yearn for and sometimes attain, it is

human love.

------Camus, The plague 如果有一件人可以永远渴望,而且有时能够得到的东西,那就是人类的爱.

------卡缪

10 I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.

------Voltaire 我不赞成你的意见,但我誓死保卫你的发言权.

------伏尔泰

11Laugh, and the world laughs with you; Weep, and you weep alone.

------Stevenson, \"Solitude\" 欢笑,世界与欢笑;哭泣,你自己一个人哭泣.

------史蒂文生, 12 Anyone can carry his burden, however hard, until nightfall.Anyone can do his work, however hard, for one day.

------Stevenson 不论肩上的担子如何沉重,总能负担到日暮时分.不论工作如何艰辛,总可以支撑著做一整天.

------史蒂文生

13 People ask you for criticism, but they only want praise.

------Maugham, Of Human Bondage 人们请你批评,但他们要的却是赞美.

------毛姆, 14 If a nation values anything more than freedom, it will lose its freedom; and the irony of it is that if it is comfort or money it values more, it will lose that too.

------Maugham 如果国家对任何事的评估高於自由,它会丧失自由;讽刺的是,如果它评估高的是安逸或金钱,它也会丧失安逸或金钱.

------毛姆

15 e can\'t form our children on our own concepts; we must take them and love them as God gives them to us.

------Goethe 我们不能依据自己的观念来训练孩子;我们必须把他们当成上帝的赏赐,接纳他们,爱护他们.

------哥德

16 ife teaches to be le harsh with ourselves and with others.

------Goethe 生活教导我们对自己,对别人不要太严苛.

------哥德

17One of the most striking differences between a cat and a lie is that a cat has only nine lives.

------Mark Twain 猫与谎言最显著的差异之一:猫只有九条命.

------马克吐温

18 Everyone is a moon, and has a dark side which he never shows to anybody.

------Mark Twain 人人都是月亮,都有不愿让人见到的阴暗面.

------马克吐温

19.\"Claic.\" A book which people praise and don\'t read.

------Mark Twain 「经典之作.」人们称赞却不想读的书.

------马克吐温

20.Dictionaries are like watches; the worst is better than none, and the best cannot be expected to go quite true.

------Johnson 字典像手表;最坏的比没有好,最好的不能期待分秒不差.

------约翰生

21.Life is a progre from want to want, not from enjoyment to enjoyment.

------Johnson 生活是需求不断的过程,而非享乐不断的过程.

------约翰生

22.We want to live by each other\'s happine-not by each other\'s misery.

------Chaplin, \"The Great Dictator\" 我们必须仰赖彼此的快乐过活—而非仰赖彼此的不幸.

------卓别林,〈大独裁者〉

23.Once a gentleman, and always a gentleman.

------Dickens, Little Dorrit 一日为绅士,终身为绅士.

------狄更斯,《小杜丽》 24.Ignorance is not innocence but sin.

------Browning 无知并非单纯,而是罪恶.

------勃朗宁

25.You shall have joy, or you shall have power, said God; you shall not haveboth.

------Emerson 上帝说,你可以拥有喜悦,或者你可以拥有权势;但是你不可以拥有二者.

------爱默生

26.If we had no winter, the spring would not be so pleasant; if we did not sometimes taste of adversity, prosperity would not be so welcome.

------Bradstreet, \"Meditations Divine & Moral\" 如果没有冬天,春天不会如此悦人; 如果人们不是有时得尝尝不幸,幸

运不会如此受人欢迎.

------布雷史崔,〈神圣与道德之沉思〉

27.A wise man gets more use from his enemies than a fool from his friend.

------Balthasar Gracian, \"The Golden Mean\" 智者从他的敌人那而所得到的益处,要比愚者从他的朋友那所得到的益处为多.

------葛雷辛,〈中庸〉

28.People are never ridiculous for being what they really are, but for affecting what they really are not.

------Lord Chesterfield, \"Affectation\" 人们在保持本来面目的时候,绝对不会是可笑的;只有在装腔作态的时候,他们才是可笑的.

------柴斯特菲尔德,〈矫饰〉

29.He who hunts for flowers; and he who loves weeds will find weeds.

------Beecher, \"The Cynic\" 寻觅花朵的人将找到花朵;喜爱杂草的人将找到杂草.

------毕奇尔,〈犬儒主义者〉

30.We can lift ourselves out of ignorance, we can find ourselves as creatures of excellence and intelligence and skill.

------Richard Bach, Jonathan Livingston Seagull 我们可以提升自我,远离无知,可以发现自己是卓越,聪明,技巧高超的

动物.

------李察巴哈,《天地一沙鸥》 31.The gull sees farthest who flies highest.

------ Richard Bach, Jonathan Livingston Seagull 飞的最高的海鸥看得最远.

------李察巴哈,《天地一沙鸥》

32.Don\'t believe what your eyes are telling you.All they show is limitation.Look with your understanding.

------ Richard Bach, Jonathan Livingston Seagull 不要相信眼睛告诉你的.眼睛展现的有限的.用你的悟性来观照.

------李察巴哈,《天地一沙鸥》

33.When one wishes to play the wit, he sometimes wanders a little from the truth.

------Saint-Exupery, The Little Prince 想卖弄机智的人,有时会偏离真理少许.

------修伯里,《小王子》

34.It is much more difficult to judge oneself than to judge others.If you succeed in judging yourself rightly, then you are indeed a man of true wisdom.

------ Saint-Exupery, The Little Prince 判断自己远比判断他人困难.如果你能正确判断自己,你实际上是一位具有真正智慧的人.

------修伯里,《小王子》

35.The most beautiful thing we can experience is the mysterious.It is thesource of all true art and science.

------Einstein, \"What I Believe\" 我们能体验的最美好的东西是神秘的事物.它是所有真正艺术和科学的来源.

------爱因斯坦,〈我的信仰〉

36.The love of liberty is the love of others; the love of power is the love of ourselves.

------Hazlitt, \"Political Eays\" 爱自由即爱他人;爱权势即爱自己.

------海斯利特,〈政治散文〉

37.Order makes poible the highest human relationships which are the principle source of man\'s education.

------Meyer, \"A Tick of Clock\" 秩序使最完美的人类关系得以改变,这种关系是人类教育的主要来源.

------梅育,〈一瞬间〉

38.The love and freedom I want for myself are to be tested by the love andfreedom I give others.

------Raymond Swing, \"Action Is the Measure\" 我所要的爱和自由,取决於我给予他人的爱和自由.

------史温,〈尺度〉

39.Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.

------Santayana The Life of Reason 记不得过去的人,注定要重蹈覆辙.

------桑塔亚那,《理性生活》

40.The young man who has not wept is a savage, and the old man who will not laugh is a fool.

------ Santayana 不曾哭泣的年轻人是野人;不愿欢笑的老人是愚人.

------桑塔亚那

1 Be it ever so humble , there is no place like home.(John Howard Payne, Averican drmatist and actor) 金窝，银窝，不如自家的草窝。(美国剧作家、演员佩恩.J.H.) 2 Every soil where he is well, is to a valiand man his natural country.(Masinger Phililp, British dramatist) 勇敢的人随遇而安，所到之处都是故乡。(英国剧作家菲利普.M.) 3 Go where he will, the wise man is at home His harth the earth, his hall the azure dome.(R.W.Emerson, American thinker) 明智者四海为家--地球是他的壁炉，蓝天是他的客厅。(美国思想家爱默生.R.W.) 4 Happy are the families where the government of parents is the reign of affection, and obedience of the children the submiion to love.(Francis

Bacon, British philosopher) 幸福的家庭，父母靠慈爱当家，孩子也是出于对父母的爱而顺从大人。(英国哲学家培根.F.) 5 He is the happiest ,be he King or peasant , who finds peace in his home.(Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, German dramstist and poet) 无论是国王还是农夫，家庭和睦是最幸福的。(德国剧作家、诗人歌德.J.W.) 6 You have to believe in yourself .That\'s the secret of succe .(Charles Chaplin , American actor) 人必须相信自己，这是成功的秘诀。 (美国演员卓别林.C.) 7 Achievement provides the only real pleasure in life.( Thomas Edison , American inventor) 有所成就是人生唯一的真正乐趣。( 美国发明家爱迪生.T.) 8 But has the last word been said ? Is all hope to be lost? Is the defeat final No !(Charles De Gaulle , French president) 但是难道败局已定，胜利已经无望？不，不能这样说！ (法国总统戴高乐.C.) 9 I succeeded because I willed it ; I never hesitated .(Bonaparte Napoleon, French emperor) 我成功是因为我有决心，从不踌躇。 (法国皇帝拿破仑.B .) 10 If you wish to succeed , you should use persistence as your good friend , experience as your reference , prudence as your brother and hope

as your sentry.(Thomas Edison , American inventor ) 如果你希望成功，当以恒心为良友、以经验为参谋、以谨慎为兄弟、以希望为哨兵。 (美国发明家爱迪生.T.) 11 Only those who have the patience to do simple things perfectly ever acquire the skill to do difficult things easily.(Friedrich Schiller , German Dramatist and poet).只有有耐心圆满完成简单工作的人，才能够轻而易举地完成困难的事。(德国剧作家、诗人席勒.F.)

12 Power invariably means both responsibility and danger .(Theodore Roosevelt, American president) 实力永远意味着责任和危险。 (美国总统罗斯福.T.) 13 Succe covers a multitude of blunders .(George Bernard Shaw , British Dramatist) 成功由大量的失望铸就。( 英国剧作家肖伯纳.G.) 14 The people who get on in this world are the people who get up and look for circumstances they want , and if they cannot find them .they make them.(George Bernard Shaw , British dramatist ) 在这个世界上，取得成功的人是那些努力寻找他们想要机会的人，如果找不到机会，他们就去创造机会。( 英国剧作家肖伯纳.G.) 15 First love is only a little foolishne and a lot of curiosity.(George Bernard Shaw) 初恋就是一点点笨拙外加许许多多好奇。(英国剧作家肖伯纳.G)

16 Genius only means hard-working all one\'s life .( Mendeleyer , Ruian Chemist) 天才只意味着终身不懈的努力。(俄国化学家门捷列耶夫) 17 I have nothing to offer but blood , toil tears and sweat .(Winston Churchill, British Politician) 我所能奉献的没有其它，只有热血、辛劳、眼泪与汗水。(英国政治家丘吉尔 .W.)

18 Man errs so long as he strives.(Johan Wolfgang Goethe , German poet and dramatist) 人只要奋斗就会犯错误。 (德国诗人、剧作家歌德.J.W.)

19 My fellow Americans , ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country .My fellow citizens of the world ; ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man .(John Kennedy , American President ) 美国同胞们，不要问国家能为你们做些什么，而要问你们能为国家做些什么。全世界的公民们，不要问美国将为你们做些什么，而要问我们共

同能为人类的自由做些什么。 (美国总统肯尼迪.J.) 20 Our destiny offers not the cup of despair , but the chalice of opportunity .(Richard Nixon, American President ) 命运给予我们的不是失望之酒，而是机会之杯。(美国总统尼克松 .R.) 21 Patience is bitter, but its fruit is sweet .(Jean Jacques Roueau ,

French thinker)

忍耐是痛苦的，但它的果实是甜蜜的。 (法国思想家卢梭.J.J.) 22 Progre is the activity of today and the aurance of tomorrow .(Emerson, American thinker ) 进步是今天的活动、明天的保证。 (美国思想家家默生)

23 The world can be changed by man\'s endeavor, and that this endeavor canlead to something new and better .No man can sever the bonds that unite him to his society simply by averting his eyes .He must ever be receptive and sensitive to the new ; and have sufficient courage and skill to novel facts and to deal with them .(Franklin Roosevelt , American President ) 人经过努力可以改变世界，这种努力可以使人类达到新的、更美好的境界。没有人仅凭闭目、不看社会现实就能割断自己与社会的联系。他必须敏感，随时准备接受新鲜事物；他必须有勇气与能力去面对新的事实，解决新问题。(美国总统罗斯福.F.)

24 If you want to understand today , you have to search yesterday .(Pearl Buck , American female writer ) 想要懂得今天，就必须研究昨天。(美国女作家赛珍珠) 25 In delay there lies no plenty , Then come ki me , sweet and twenty , Youth\'s a stuff that will not endure .(William Shakespeare , British dramatist) 迁延蹉跎，来日无多，二十丽姝，请来吻我，衰草枯杨，青春易过。

(英国剧作家莎士比亚.W.) 26 Never leave that until tomorrow, which you can do today.(Benjamin Franklin, American president) 今天的事不要拖到明天。 (美国总统富兰克林.B.)

27 Ordinary people merely think how they shall spend their time; a man of talent tries to use it.(Arthur Schopenhauer, German philosopher) 普通人只想到如何度过时间，有才能的人设法利用时间。(德国哲学家叔本华.A.) 28 The golden age is before us, not behind us.(Mark Twain, American writer) 黄金时代在我们面前而不在我们背后。( 美国作家马克?吐温) 29 The time of life is short; to spend that shortne basely, it would be too long.(William Shakespeare, British dramatist) 人生苦短，若虚度年华，则短暂的人生就太长了。(英国剧作家莎士比亚.W.) 30 Time is money.(BenjaminFranklin, American president) 时间就是金钱。(美国总统富兰克林.B.) 31 There is no royal road to science, and only those who do not dread the fatiguing climb of gaining its numinous summits.(Karl Marx, German revolutionary) 在科学上没有平坦的大道，只有不畏劳苦沿着其崎岖之路攀登的人，才有希望达到它光辉的顶点。( 德国革命家马克思.K .)

32 The man who has made up his mind to win will never say \"impoible \".(Bonaparte Napoleon ,French emperor ) 凡是决心取得胜利的人是从来不说\"不可能的\"。( 法国皇帝拿破仑.B.)

33 To do whatever needs to be done to preserve this last and greatest bastion of freedom.(Ronald Reagan, American President) 为了保住这最后的、最伟大的自由堡垒，我们必须尽我们所能。(美国总统里根.R.)

34 We cannot always build the future for our youth, but we can build our youth for the future.(Franklin Roosevelt, American president) 我们不能总是为我们的青年造就美好未来，但我们能够为未来造就我们的青年一代。 (美国总统罗斯福.F.)

35 Where there is a will, there is a way.(ThomasEdison, American inventor) 有志者，事竟成。 (美国发明家爱迪生.T.) 36 Absence to love is what wind is to fire.It extinguishes the small; it inflames the great.(Roger de Buy-Rabutin, French writer) 离别之于爱情好比风之于火，它能将小火熄灭，使大火熊熊燃烧。(法国作家比西-拉比旦.R.) 37 Every man is a poet when he is in love.(Plato ancient Creek philosopher) 每个恋爱中的人都是诗人。(古希腊哲学家柏拉图)

38 Friendship is like earthenware: once broken, it can be mended; love is like a mirror: once broken, that ends it.(Josh Billings.American humorist) 友谊就像陶器，破了可以修补；爱情好比镜子，一旦打破就难重圆。(美国幽默作家比林斯 .J.) 39 Friendship is love without his wings.(George Gordon Byron, Bdritish poet 友谊是没有羽翼的爱。(英国诗人拜伦.G,G) 40 Gravitation is not responsible for people falling in love.(Albert Einstein, American scientist) 并非地球引力使人坠入爱河。(美国科学家) 41 The greater the power, the more dangerous the abuse.(Burke Edmund, British statesman) 权力越大，滥用职权的危险就越大。(英国政治家埃德蒙.B.) 42 The greatest of evils and the worst of crims is poverty.(George Bernard Shaw, British dramatist) 最大的恶和最凶的罪是贫穷。(英国剧作家肖伯纳.G.)

43 The paramount duty of Congre is to stop deficiencies by the restoration of that protective legislation which has always been the firmst prop of the Treasury.(William Mckinley, American president) 国会的最高职责是恢复始终是国家财政最坚实支柱的保护性立法，以

制止财政赤字。(美国总统科金利.W.)

44 The people may safely be trusted to hear everything true and false, and to form a correct judgment.Were it fall to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers of newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.(Thomas Jefferson, American president) 人民是完全可以信赖的，应该让他们听到一切真实和虚伪的东西，然后作出正确的判断。倘使让我来决定，我们应该是有一个政府而不要报纸呢，还是应该有报纸而不要政府，我会毫不犹豫选择后者。(美国总统杰斐逊.T.)

45 The tyrant dies and his rule ends, the martyr dies and his rule be-gins.(Soren Kierkegaard, Danish religious philowopher) 暴君死了，他统治也就结束；烈士死了，他的统治刚开始。(丹麦宗教哲学家基尔克戈德.S.) 46 There is something behind the throne greater than the king him-self.(William Pitt, British statesman) 在王座的后面还有比国王本人更伟大东西。(英国政治家皮特.W.)

47 To be acquainted with the merit of ministry, we need only observe the condition of the people.(Junius, Unidentified letter writer) 要了解政府的政绩只需要观察民情。(国籍不明书信代理人朱尼厄斯) 48 To know the pains of power, we must go to those who have it; to know

its pleasure, we must go to those who are seeking it :the pains of power is real, its pleasures imaginary.(C.Colton Charles, British churchman) 欲知权力带来的痛苦，去问那些当权者；欲知权力带来的乐趣，去问那些追逐权势者：权力带来的痛苦是真实的，而权力带来的乐趣只不过是凭空想象的。(英国牧师查尔斯.C.C.) 49 Too fond of the right to pursue the expedient.(Oliver Goldsimith, British poet) 过分喜欢权力就会不择手段。(英国诗人哥尔德斯密斯.O.) 50 We need in politics man who have something to give, not men who have something to get.(Bernard Baruch, Averican economist) 在政治中我们需要能有所奉献的人，而不是想有所收获的人。(美国经济学家巴鲁克.B.)

51 When a man aumes a public trust, he should consider himself as public property.(Thomas Jefferson, American President) 当一个人受到公众信任时，他就应该把自己看作公众的财产。(美国总统杰斐逊.T.) 52 When society requires to be rebuilt, there is no use attempting to rebuild it on the old plan.(John Stuart Mill, BAritish economist) 当社会需要重建时，试图墨守旧的蓝图重建它是徒劳无益的。(英国经济学家穆勒.J.S.)

53 All is but lip-wisdom that wants experience.(Philip Sideney, British satesman) 凡是没有实际经验的，都只是口头智慧。(英国政治家锡得尼 D .) 54 Expericence is a hard teacher because she gives the test first, the leon afterwards.(Law Vernon, British writer) 经验是一位先行测试然后才授课严厉的教师。(英国作家弗农.L.)

55 Experience is not interesting till it begins to repeat itself, in fact, till it does that ,it hardly is experience.(Elizabeth Bowen, British novelist) 经验直到自我重复时才变得有意义，事实上，直到那时才算得上经验。(英国小说家鲍恩 E.) 56 Expericence is not what happens to a man; it is what a man does with what happens to him.(Aldous Leonard Huxley, American writer) 经验不会从天而降；经验只有通过实践才能获得。(美国作家郝胥黎.A.L.) 57 Experience is the child of thought , and thought is the child of action.We cannot learn men from books.(Benjamin Disraeli, British statesman) 经验是思想之子，思想是行动之子，了解他人不可以书本为据。(英国政治家迪斯雷利 B .)

58 Experience is the na me give their mistakes.(Oscar Wilde, British playwriter and poet) 经验是每个人为其错误寻找的代名词。(英国剧作家、诗人王尔德 O.)

59 Experience is what you get when you don\'t get what you want.(Dan Stanfort, American brsineman) 经验是当你没得到想得到之物时所得到的东西。(美国实业家斯坦福。D.) 60 Expreience keeps a dear school, yet fools will learn in no other.(Benjamin Franklin, Americna president) 经验始终是收费高的学校，然而，笨汉非进此学校不可。(美国总统富兰克林 B ) 61 Experience more than sufficiently teaches that men govern nothing with more difficulty than their tongues.(Bendict de spinoza, Dutch philosopher) 经验给我们太多的教训，告诉我们人类最难管制的东西，莫过于自己的舌头。(荷兰哲学家斯宾诺沙 B) 62 Experience never misleads; what you are mied by is only your judgement, and this misleads you by anticipating results from experience of a kind that is not produced by your experements.(Leonardo Da Vinci, Italian painter)

经验永远不会对你做错误的引导；把你引导错的只是你自己的判断，而你的判断之所以对你发生误导的作用，乃是由于它根据那种并非借着实验而产生的经验来预料的结果。(意大利画家达芬奇)

63 Experience without learning is better than learning without excperi-ence.(Bertuand Ruell, British philosopher and mathematician) 有经验而无学问胜于有学问而无经验。(英国哲学家、数学家罗素.B.)

64 I have but one lamp wait which my feet are guided; and that is the lamp of experience.I know of no way of judging of the future but by the past.(Patrick Henry, Americna statesman) 我只拿一盏灯来指引我的脚步而那盏灯就是经验，对于未来，我只是能以过去来判断。(美国政治家享利.P.)

65 Mistakes are an eential part of education.(Bertrand Ruell, Bdritish philosopher) 从错误中吸取教训是教育极为重要的一部分。(英国哲学家罗素 .B .) 66 Neither beliver nor reject anything, because any other person has rejected of believed it.Heaven has given you a mind for judging truth and error, Use it.(Thomas Jefferson, American president) 不要因为别的人相信或否定了什么东西，你也就去相信它或否定它。

上帝赠予你一个用来判断真理和谬误的头脑。那你就去运用它吧/ (美国总统杰斐逊 .T.)

67 One thorn of experience is worth a whole wilderne of warning.(James Ruell Lowell, British Poet and critic) 一次痛苦的经验抵得上千百次的告诫。(英国诗人、批评家洛威尔 .J.R .)

68 Practical wisdom is only to be learned in the school of experience.(Samuel Smiles, British writer) 实用的知识只有通过亲身体验才能学到。(英国作家斯迈尔斯 .S .) 69 Proverbs are short sentences drawn from long experience.(Miguel de Cervantes, Spanish writer) 谚语是从长期经验中获得的短句。(班牙作家塞万提斯.M.) 70 The tragedy of the world is that those who are imaginative have but slight experience, and those who are experienced have feeble imaginations.(Alfred North Whitehead, British philosopher and nathematician) 世界的悲剧就在于有想象力又缺乏经验，而有经验的人又缺乏想象力。(英国哲学家、数学家怀特海 .A .N.) 71 The great difficulty in education is to get experience out of ideas.(Grorge Santayana, Spain-born American philosopher and poet) 教育之艰苦在于从意念中获得经验。(西班牙裔美国哲学家、诗人桑

塔亚那.G.) 72 The greatest leon in life is to know that even fools are right sometimes.(Winston Churchill.British statesman) 傻瓜有时候也是对的。(英国政治家丘吉尔 .W.)

73 To make good use of life one should have in youth the experience of advanced years, and in old age the vigor of youth.(Stanislars I, Polish king) 青年而有老年之经验，老年而有青年之朝气，就能使人生发挥更大的作用。(波兰国王斯坦尼劳斯一世) 74 To most men , experience is like the stern light of a ship which il-luminates only the track it has paed.(Samuel Tylor Coleridge, British poet) 对于大多数人，经验像是一艘船上的尾灯，只照亮船驶过的航道。(英国诗人柯勒津治.S .T .) 75 Too much experience is a dangerous thing.(Oscar Wilde, British dramatist) 经验过多反而危险。(英国剧作家王尔德 .O.)

76 We know nothing of what will happen in future , but by the analogy of past experience.(Abraham Lincoln , American president) 除了凭着对过去的经验加以类推之外，我们对今后的事一无所知。(美

国总统林肯 .A .)

77 A mother is not a person to lean on but a person to make leaning un-neceary.(D.C,Fisher, American female novelist) 母亲不是赖以依靠的人，而是使依靠成为不必要的人。(美国女小说家菲席尔.D.C.)

78 All happy families are like one another; each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.(Leo Tolstoy ,Ruian writer) 所有幸福的家庭都十分相似；而每个不幸的家庭各有各自的不幸。(俄国文学家托尔斯泰.L.) 79 All I am , or can be, I owe to my angel mother.(Abraham lincoln, American president) 我之所有，我之所能，都归功于我天使般的母亲。(美国总统林肯) 80 As a modern parent, I know that it\'s not how much you give children those counts, it\'s the love and attention you shower on them.A caring attitude can not only save you a small fortune, but also even make you feel good about being tight-fisted and offering more care than presents.(O,Hare Noel, American writer) 作为一个现代的父母，我很清楚重要的不是你给了孩子们多少物质的东西，而是你倾注在他们身上的关心和爱。关心的态度不仅能帮你省

下一笔可观的钱，而且甚至能使你感到一份欣慰，因为你花钱不多并且给予了胜过礼物的关怀。(美国作家诺埃尔.O.)

81 Home is the girl\'s prison and the woman\'s workhouse.(Grorge Bernard Shaw, British dramstist) 家是姑娘的监狱，女人的教养院。(英国剧作家肖伯纳.G.)

82 Home is the place where ,when you have to go there , it has to take you in.(Frost Robert, American poet) 无论何时何地家永远是向游子敞开大门的地方。(美国诗人罗伯特.F.) 83 How sharper than a serpent\'s tooth is to have a thankle child.(William Shakespeare, British dramatist) 逆子无情甚于蛇蝎。(英国剧作家莎士比亚W.) 84 Husbands and wives in the proce of divorce (and those in the throes of another argument )easily fall into the trap of denigraging the other, publicly if poible, and as often as poible.(Howards Mel, American writer) 正在闹离婚的（包括那些处于吵闹不停的痛楚中的）夫妻们很容易陷在对方的泥沼中不能自拔，这种诋毁是尽可能公开的，尽量频繁地进行。(美国作家梅尔.H.) 85 I don‟tknow who my grandfather was.I\' m much more concerned to

know what his grandson will be.(Abraham Lincoln, American president) 我不知道我爷爷是什么样的人，我更关心的是，他的孙子会成为什么样的人。(美国总统林肯.A.)

86 If you want your children to keep their feet on the ground, put some responsibility on their shouldres.(Joh Brnyan Btitish ayist) 你若希望你的孩子总是脚踏实地，就要让他们负些责任。(英国散文家班扬，J.)

87 It was the policy of the good old gentlemen to make his chileren feel that home was the happiest place in the world; and I value this delicious home---feeling as one of the choicest gifts a parent can bestow.(Irvng Washington, Father of literature of the United States.) 让孩子感到家庭是世界上最幸福的地方，这是以往有涵养的大人明智的做法。这种美妙的家庭情感，在我看来，和大人赠给孩子们的那些最精致的礼物一样珍贵。(美国文学之父华盛顿.I.) 88 Mariage may be compared to a cage:the birds outside deapair to get in and those within despair to get out.(Michel de Montaigne, French thinker and ayist) 婚姻好比鸟笼，外面的鸟想进进不去；里面的鸟儿想出出不来。(法国思想家、散文家蒙田.M.D.) 89 My father had always said that there are four things a child needs plenty of love, nourishing food, fegular sleep , and lots of soap and

water---and after those, what he needs most is some intelligent neglect.(Ivy Baker Priest, American officer of government) 我父亲总是说，一个孩子需要四样东西--充分的爱、富于营养的食物、有规律的睡眠、大量的肥皂和水--这些完了呢，他最需要的是一些明智的放任。(美国政府官员普里斯特.I.B.)

90 The brotherly spirit of science , which unites into one family all its votaries of whatever grade ,and however widely dispersed throughout the different quarters of the globe.(Franklin Rosevelt, American president) 科学的博爱精神把分散在世界各地、各种热心科学的人联结成一个大家庭。(美国总统罗斯。.F.)

100 The family is one of nature\'s masterpieses.(George Santayana, American Philosopher and poet) 家庭是大自然创造的杰作之一。(美国哲学家、诗人桑塔亚那.G.) 1 The family you came from isn\'t as important as the family you are going to have.(D.Herbert Lawrence, British writer) 你将拥有的家庭比你出身的那个家庭重要。(英国作家劳伦斯.D.H.) 2 The fundamental defect of fathers is that they want their children to be a credit to them.(Bretrand Rrell, British philosopher) 父亲们最根本的缺点在于想要自己的孩子为自己争光。(英国哲学家

罗素.B.)

3 The house of every one is to him as his castle and fortre.(E.Coke, British jutist) 每个人的家对他自己都像是城堡和要塞。(英国法学家科克.E.)

4 The sooner you treat your son as a man, the sooner he will be one.(William John Locke, British novelist) 越早把你的儿子当成男人，他就越早成为男人。(英国小说家洛克.W.J.)

5 There is a skeleton in every house.(William Makepeace Thackeray, Bdritish novelist) 家家都有一本难念的经。(英国小说家萨克雷.W.M.) 6 To make a lasting marriage we have to overcome self-centeredne.(Grorge Goreon Byron, Nritish poet) 要使婚姻长久，就需克服自我中心意识。(英国诗人拜伦,G.G.) 7 We never know the love of the parents until we become parents ourselves.(Henry Ward Beecher, American clergyman and orator) 不养儿不知父母恩(美国牧师、演说家比沏.H.W.)

8 At twenty years of age , the will reigns; at thirty , the wit ; and at forty , the judgment .(Benjamin Franklin ,American president)

二十岁时起支配作用的是意志,三十岁时是机智,四十岁时是判断。(美国总统富兰克林 .B.) 9 Do you love life ? Then do not squander time ; for that\'s the stuff5 life is made of .(Benjamin Franklin , American president ) 你热爱生命吗？那么，别浪费时间，因为生命是由时间组成的。(美国总统富兰克林.B.)

10 Each moment in history is a fleeting time , precious and unique .(Richard Nixon , American president ) 历史巨轮飞转，分分秒秒的时间都十分宝贵，也独具意义。(美国总统尼克松.R.) 11 Fish and visitors smell three days .( Franklin Benjamin , American president ) 鱼放三天发臭，客住三天讨嫌。(美国总统富兰克林.B.) 12 I am a slow walker , but I never walk backwards .(Abraham Lincoln , American president) 我走得很慢，但是我从来不会后退。(美国总统林肯.A.) 13 To choose time is to save time .( Francis Bacon , British philosopher ) 合理安排时间就是节约时间。( 英国哲学家培根.F.) 14 We always have time enough , if we will but use it aright.(Johan Wolfgang von Goethe , German poet ) 只要我们能善用时间,就永远不愁时间不够用。(德国诗人歌德.J.W.) 15 Power invariably means both responsibility and danger .(Theodore

Roosevelt, American president) 实力永远意味着责任和危险。 (美国总统罗斯福.T.) 16 Succe covers a multitude of blunders .(George Bernard Shaw , British Dramatist) 成功由大量的失望铸就。( 英国剧作家肖伯纳.G.) 17 The people who get on in this world are the people who get up and look for circumstances they want , and if they cannot find them .they make them.(George Bernard Shaw , British dramatist ) 在这个世界上，取得成功的人是那些努力寻找他们想要机会的人，如果找不到机会，他们就去创造机会。( 英国剧作家肖伯纳.G.) 18 First love is only a little foolishne and a lot of curiosity.(George Bernard Shaw) 初恋就是一点点笨拙外加许许多多好奇。(英国剧作家肖伯纳.G) 19 Genius only means hard-working all one\'s life .( Mendeleyer , Ruian Chemist) 天才只意味着终身不懈的努力。(俄国化学家门捷列耶夫) 20 I have nothing to offer but blood , toil tears and sweat .(Winston Churchill, British Politician) 我所能奉献的没有其它，只有热血、辛劳、眼泪与汗水。(英国政治家丘吉尔 .W.)

21 Man errs so long as he strives.(Johan Wolfgang Goethe , German poet and dramatist)

人只要奋斗就会犯错误。 (德国诗人、剧作家歌德.J.W.) 22 My fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.My fellow citizens of the world; ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man.(John Kennedy, American President) 美国同胞们，不要问国家能为你们做些什么，而要问你们能为国家做些什么。全世界的公民们，不要问美国将为你们做些什么，而要问我们共

同能为人类的自由做些什么。 (美国总统肯尼迪.J.) 23 Our destiny offers not the cup of despair, but the chalice of opportunity.(Richard Nixon, American President) 命运给予我们的不是失望之酒，而是机会之杯。(美国总统尼克松 .R.) 24 Patience is bitter, but its fruit is sweet.(Jean Jacques Roueau, French thinker)

忍耐是痛苦的，但它的果实是甜蜜的。 (法国思想家卢梭.J.J.) 25 Progre is the activity of today and the aurance of tomorrow.(Emerson, American thinker) 进步是今天的活动、明天的保证。 (美国思想家家默生)

26 The world can be changed by man\'s endeavor, and that this endeavor cangroan.Sorrow calls no time that\'s gone.(John Fletcher , British dramatist ) 别哭泣，别叹息，别呻吟；悲伤唤不回流逝的时光。(英国剧作家弗

莱沏.J.) Part three

All for one, one for all.人人为我，我为人人。—— [法] Dumas pére大仲马 Other men live to eat, while I eat to live.别人为食而生存，我为生存而食。—— Socrates 苏格拉底 Easy come, easy go.易得者亦易失。 —— Hazlitt赫斯特 Love rules his kingdom without a sword.爱，统治了他的王国，不用一枝利剑。—— Herbert 赫伯特 We soon believe what we desire.我们欲望中的东西，我们很快就信以为真。—— Chaucer乔叟 The darkest hour is that before the dawn.黎明前的时分是最黑暗的。—— Fuller 富勒 The longest day has an end.最难过的日子也有尽头。—— Howell 贺韦尔 Living without an aim is like sailing without a compa.生活而无目标，犹如航海之无指南针。—— J.Ruskin 鲁斯金 A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.手中的一只鸟胜于林中的两只鸟。—— Heywood 希伍德 One swallow does not make a summer.一燕不成夏。—— Taverner 泰维纳

A man may lead a horse to the water, but he cannot make it drink.一个人可以把马带到河边，但他不能令它饮水。 —— Heywood 希伍德

One cannot eat one‟s cake and have it.

一个人不能把他的糕饼吃掉之后还留在手上。 —— Davies 戴维斯 Time is money.时间就是金钱。—— Benjamin Franklin富兰克林 Time and tide wait for no man.时间不等人。—— Scott 斯科特 There is no rose without a thorn.没有玫瑰花是不长刺的。—— Ray 雷 Lookers-on see most of the game.旁观者清。—— Smedley 斯密莱 Beggars cannot be choosers.行乞者不得有选择。—— Heywood 希伍德 First catch your hare.首先必须捕获兔子，然后才能宰之。—— Thackeray 萨克雷 Victory won‟t come to me unle I go to it.

胜利是不会向我走来的，我必须自己走向胜利。—— M.Moore 穆尔 A great man is always willing to be little.伟大的人物总是愿意当小人物的。—— R.W.Emerson 爱默生 Cowards die many times before their deaths.

懦夫在未死之前，已身历多次死亡的恐怖了。 —— Julius Caesar 凯撒

Anything one man can imagine, other men can make real.但凡人能想象到的事物，必定有人能将它实现。 —— Jules Verne 凡尔纳

Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.早睡早起使人健康、富裕又聪明。—— Benjamin Franklin 富兰克林 Life is just a series of trying to make up your mind.生活只是由一系列下决心的努力所构成。—— T.Fuller 富勒 Goals determine what you are going to be.目标决定你将成为为什么样的人。—— Julius Erving欧文 All human wisdom is summed up in two words ?C wait and hope.人类所有的智慧可以归结为两个词 — 等待和希望。—— Alexandre Dumas Pére大仲马（法国作家）

It is not enough to be industrious, so are the ants.What are you industrious for? 光勤劳是不够的，蚂蚁也是勤劳的。要看你为什么而勤劳。—— H.D.Thoreau梭罗

You have to believe in yourself.That‟s the secret of succe.人必须相信自己，这是成功的秘诀。—— Charles Chaplin卓别林 I can live for two months on a good compliment.(Mark Twain , American writer)

只凭一句赞美的话我就可以充实地活上两个月。(美国作家马克?吐温) It is no use doing what you like ; you have got to like what you do .(Winston Churchill , British prime minister) 不能爱哪行才干哪行，要干哪行爱哪行。 (美国首相丘吉尔.W.)

Early to bed and early to rise , makes a man healthy , wealthy and wise .(Benjamin Franklin , American president ) 早睡早起会使人健康、富有和聪明。 (美国总统富兰克林.B.) Sloth , like rust , consumes faster than labor wears .(Benjamin Franklin , American president) 懒惰像生锈一样，比操劳更能消耗身体。 (美国总统富兰克林.B.) But has the last word been said ? Is all hope to be lost ? Is the defeat final No !(Charles De Gaulle , French president ) 但是难道败局已定，胜利已经无望？不，不能这样说！ (法国总统戴高乐.C.) I succeeded because I willed it ; I never hesitated .(Bonaparte Napoleon , French emperor ) 我成功是因为我有决心，从不踌躇。 (法国皇帝拿破仑.B .) Genius only means hard-working all one‟s life.(Mendeleyer , Ruian Chemist) 天才只意味着终身不懈的努力。 (俄国化学家门捷列耶夫) I have nothing to offer but blood, toil tears and sweat.(Winston Churchill,

British Politician) 我所能奉献的没有其它，只有热血、辛劳、眼泪与汗水。(英国政治家丘吉尔 .W.) Man errs so long as he strives.(Johan Wolfgang Goethe, German poet and dramatist) 人只要奋斗就会犯错误。 (德国诗人、剧作家歌德.J.W.) Adversity reveals genius; fortune conceals it.(Horace, ancient Roman poet) 苦难显才华，好运隐天资。(古罗马诗人贺拉斯) Almost any situation—good or bad —is affected by the attitude we bring to.(Lucius Annaus Seneca, Ancient Roman philosopher) 差不多任何一种处境——无论是好是坏——都受到我们对待处境的的影响。(古罗马哲学家西尼加 L A) Although the world is full of suffering, it is full also of the overcoming of it.(Hellen Keller, American writer) 虽然世界多苦难，但是苦难总是能战胜的(美国作家海伦?凯勒) As fruit needs not only sunshine but cold nights and chilling showers to ripen it, so character needs not only joy but trial and difficulty to mellow it.(Hugh Black, American writer) 水果不仅需要阳光，也需要凉夜。寒冷的雨水能使其成熟。人的陶冶不仅需要欢乐，也需要考验和困难。(美国作家布莱克 H) Everything can be taken from a man but one thing; the freedom to choose

his attitude in any given set of circumstances.(Leonhard Frand , German novelist) 我可以拿走人的任何东西，但有一样东西不行，这就是在特定环境下选择自己的生活的自由。(德国小说家弗兰克 L) Good order is the foundation of all things.(E.Burke, Btritish statesman) 良好的秩序是一切的基础。(英国政治家伯克 E) Guilt always hurries towards its complement, punishment; only there does its satisfaction lie.(Lawence Durrell, British writer) 犯罪总是以惩罚相补偿；只有处罚才能使犯罪得到偿还。(英国作家达雷尔 L) where there is a will , there is a way .( thomas edison , american inventor ) 有志者，事竟成。 (美国发明家爱迪生.t.) absence to love is what wind is to fire.it extinguishes the small; it inflames the great.(roger de buy-rabutin, french writer) 离别之于爱情好比风之于火，它能将小火熄灭，使大火熊熊燃烧。(法国作家比西-拉比旦.r.) every man is a poet when he is in love.(plato ancient creek philosopher) 每个恋爱中的人都是诗人。(古希腊哲学家柏拉图) our destiny offers not the cup of despair , but the chalice of opportunity .(richard nixon, american president ) 命运给予我们的不是失望之酒，而是机会之杯。(美国总统尼克松 .r.)

patience is bitter, but its fruit is sweet .(jean jacques roueau , french thinker) 忍耐是痛苦的，但它的果实是甜蜜的。 (法国思想家卢梭.j.j.) progre is the activity of today and the aurance of tomorrow .(emerson, american thinker ) 进步是今天的活动、明天的保证。 (美国思想家家默生) 英文：Wish many good wishes for the holidays and the coming year.中文：新的一年，向你献上最诚挚的祝福。

英文：Wishing you all the bleings of a beautiful season.中文：愿你拥有美丽的新年所有的祝福。 英文：Take your paion and make it come true.中文：发挥你的热情，让理想变为现实。 The first step is as good as half over. 第一步是最关键的一步。 You never know your luck. 命运好坏不由己。 Sow nothing, reap nothing. 春不播，秋不收。

The wealth of the mind is the only wealth. 精神的财富是唯一的财富。

You can\'t judge a tree by its bark. 人不可貌相。

Clothes do not make the man. 人不在衣装。

To be both a speaker of words and a doer of deeds.既当演说家，又做实干家。

Variety is the spice of life. 变化是生活的调味品。

Bad times make a good man. 艰难困苦出能人。

There is no royal road to learning. 求知无坦途。

Doubt is the key to knowledge. 怀疑是知识的钥匙。

Sharp tools make good work. 工欲善其事，必先利其器。 Wasting time is robbing oneself. 浪费时间就是掠夺自己。

Nurture paes nature. 教养胜过天性。

There is no garden without its weeds. 没有不长杂草的花园。

A man is only as good as what he loves. 一个人要用他所爱的东西有多好来衡量。

Wealth is the test of a man\'s character. 财富是对一个人品格的试金石。

The best hearts are always the bravest. 心灵最高尚的人，也总是最勇敢的人。

Courtesy is the inseparable companion of virtue. 礼貌和美貌是分不开的伴侣。 Plain living and high thinking.生活要朴素，情操要高尚。 Good is good, but better carries it. 精益求精，善益求善。 Honesty is the best policy. 诚实为上策。

Gratitude is the sign of noble souls. 感恩是精神高尚的标志。

Politene costs nothing and gains everything. 礼貌不用花一分钱，却能赢得一切。 A man can\'t ride your back unle it is bent. 你的腰不弯，别人就不能骑在你的背上。 Conceit is the quicksand of succe. 自负是成功的流沙。

He that makes a good war makes a good peace. 正义的战争创造持久的和平。

There is no disputing about tastes. 人各有所好。

It is easy to be wise after the event. 事后诸葛亮容易当。

He that makes a thing too fine, breaks it. 做事过于苛求，反把事情弄坏。

When all else is lost the future still remains. 就是失去了一切别的，也还有未来。

The world is his who enjoys it. 活着感到快乐，世界就属于你。 A little labor, much health.适量的劳动有益于健康。

Laugh and grow fat. 心宽体胖。

Work won\'t kill but worry will. 劳动无害，忧愁伤身。 He is rich that has few wants. 寡欲者富。

Every man at forty is a fool or a physician. 人到四十，如果不是傻子，就该知道保养身体。 格言警句

Life is not all beer and skittles.

人生并非只是啤酒和九柱戏。（人生并不全是吃喝玩乐。） For man is man and master of his fate.人就是人,是自己命运的主人.You are not in charge of the universe; you are in charge of yourself.你并不掌管整个宇宙,但你得掌管你自己.There is a history in all men\'s lives.所有人的生活里都有一部历史.He is born in a good hour who gets a good name.生逢其时,美誉自至.Life is just a series of trying to make up your mind.生活只是由一系列下决心的努力所构成.Live as though you intend to live forever, and work as though your strength were limitle.要这样生活,仿佛你寿命永恒.要这样工作,仿佛你精力无穷.One should eat to live, not live to eat.人生应为生而食,不应为食而生.Live not to eat, but eat to live.不要为了吃饭活着,而要为了活着吃饭. I eat merely to put food out of my mind.我吃东西只是为了不再去想食物.Life lies not in living but in liking.生活的意义并不在于活着,而在于爱好人生.

Life consists not in holding good cards, but in playing well those you hold.生活不在于握有一手好牌,而在于把手里的牌打好.Life is a leaf of paper white, there on each of us may write his word or two.生活就像一张白纸,每个人都可以在其上写上自己的一两句话.On earth there is nothing great but man; in the man there is nothing great but mind.地球上最伟大生物是人,人身上最伟大的东西是心灵.Everything ought to be beautiful in a human being: face, and dre, and soul, and ideas.人的一切----面貌,衣着,心灵和思想,都应该是美好的.All things in their being are good for something.天生我才必有用. The good or ill of man lies within his own will 人的善良或邪恶都存在于他。 Life is real, life is earnest.人生真实,人生诚挚.H.W.Longfellow 朗费罗(美国诗人)[英文]：Life is compared to a voyage.人生好比是一次航程.Life would be too smooth if it had no rubs in it.

生活若无波折险阻,就会过于平淡无奇. Life means struggle.生活就是斗争.Life is the art of drawing sufficient conclusions form insufficient premises.生活是一种艺术,要在不充足的前提下得出充足的结论.Life is sweet.人生是美好的.Life is fine and enjoyable, yet you must learn to enjoy your fine life.人生是美好的,但要学会如何享用美好的生活. Life is but a hard and tortuous journey.人生即是一段艰难曲折的旅程.人生无坦途. Life is a horse, and either you ride it or it rides you.人生像一匹马,你不驾驭它,它便驾驭你.Life is a great big canvas, and you should throw all the paint on it you can.人生是一幅大画布，你可以尽可能的往上着色。

Life is like music.It must be composed by ear, feeling and instinct, not by rule.人生如一首乐曲,要用乐感,感情和直觉去谱写.不能只按乐律行事. Life is painting a picture, not doing a sum.生活是绘画,不是做算术.

On earth there is nothing great but man; in the man there is nothing great but mind.中文：地球上唯一伟大的是人,人身上唯一伟大的是心灵.出处：A.Hamilton 哈密尔顿

英文：Everything ought to be beautiful in a human being: face, and dre, and soul, and ideas.中文：人的一切----面貌,衣着,心灵和思想,都应该是美好的.出处：Chekhov 契诃夫

英文：Life is the art of drawing sufficient conclusions form insufficient premises.中文：生活是一种艺术,要在不充足的前提下得出充足的结论.出处：S.Butler 勃特勒 英文：Life is sweet.中文：人生是美好的.英文：Life means struggle.中文：生活就是斗争.英文：Life is real, life is earnest.中文：人生真实,人生诚挚.出处：H.W.Longfellow 朗费罗(美国诗人) 英文：Life is compared to a voyage.中文：人生好比是一次航程.英文：All things in their being are good for something.

中文：天生我才必有用.英文：The good or ill of man lies within his own will 中文：人的善良或邪恶都存在于他自己的意志之中.出处：古希腊Epictetus 爱比克泰德

英文：He is born in a good hour who gets a good name.中文：生逢其时,美誉自至.英文：Life is painting a picture, not doing a sum.中文：生活是绘画,不是做算术.出处：O.W.Holmes 霍姆斯

英文：Life is but a hard and tortuous journey.中文：人生即是一段艰难曲折的旅程.人生无坦途.英文：Life is fine and enjoyable, yet you must learn to enjoy your fine life.中文：人生是美好的,但要学会如何享用美好的生活.英文：Life would be too smooth if it had no rubs in it.中文：生活若无波折险阻,就会过于平淡无奇.英文：Life is a horse, and either you ride it or it rides you.中文：人生像一匹马,你不驾驭它,它便驾驭你.英文：Life is a great big canvas, and you should throw all the paint on it you can.中文：人生是一幅大画布,你应该努力绘出绚丽多彩的画面.英文：Life is like music.It must be composed by ear, feeling and instinct,

not by rule.中文：人生如一首乐曲,要用乐感,感情和直觉去谱写.不能只按乐律行事.英文：Life is a leaf of paper white, thereon each of us may write his Word or two.中文：生活是一张白纸,每个人都在上面写上自己的一两句话.出处：A.Lowell 洛威尔

A man can never thrive who had a wasteful wife.妻子浪费无度，丈夫不会出头。

A man cannot serve two masters.一仆不能事二主。

All the wit in the world is not in one head.世界上所有的智慧不可能集中于一个脑袋。

All the world\'s a stage, and all the men and women merely players.整个世界是个舞台，男男女女，演员而已。

All things are difficult before they are easy.凡事都是先难后易。 All covet, all lose.贪多必失。

A man apt to promise is apt to forget.轻诺者易忘。 A man can die but once.人生只有一次死。

A man can do no more than he can.凡事只能量力而行。

All things are easy that are done willingly.做事乐意，诸事容易。 All things are obedient to money.有钱能使鬼推磨。 A man can not spin and reel at the same time.一心不能二用。

A man cannot whistle and drink at he same time.一心不能二用。

A man has his hour, and a dog has his day.人有称心时，狗有得意日。 A man has two ears and one mouth that he may hear much and speak little.All good things came to an end.天下无不散之宴席。 All is fair in war.兵不厌诈。

All is fish that comes to one\'s net.捉到网里都是鱼。 All is flour that comes to his mill.到他的磨里都能碾成粉。 All is not at hand that helps.有用的东西并不都是垂手可得的。 All is not gain that is put in the purse.放入钱包的钱财，并非都是应得的。

All is not gold that glitters.闪光的东西并不都是黄金。 All is not lost that is in danger.在危险中的东西未必都会损失。 All is well that ends well.结果美满都是好的。 All men are mortal.人孰无死。

All men cannot be first.不可能人人都得第一名。

A maiden with many wooers often chooses the worst.少女有了许多求婚者往往选中了最差的一个。

A maid that laughs is half taken.少女露笑脸，婚事半成全。 A man alone is either a saint or a devil.孤身独处的人可以为圣哲，也可为恶魔。

A man is as old as he feels.老不老，自己晓。

推荐第5篇：演讲稿中英对照

演讲稿中英对照

演讲者：刘东海

各位大家好。 good evening

今天我演讲的主要内容是关于音乐。

The main content of my speech today is about music.

就像我们知道的一样，作为人类生活的重要组成部分。。。。。。

well,as we all know, music is an important piece of human life.

音乐却老是在与其他大哥的比较下相形见绌。

Music is always in comparison with other eldest brothers to shame.

这很正常。

it\'s normal.

很好。

it\'s good.

至少代表人们关注着实际生活而非一些奇特的事。

At least the phenomenon tells the truth that we are keeping a watchful eye on practical things but not someting fancy.音乐在什么时候却可以稍微赢一下这些兄弟呢？

but when is the chance for music to win his brothers a little bit?

哦，求爱的时候。

well, maybe ask for love?

就像现在主流音乐市场充斥的，我们称为的求爱音乐一样。 Like the music market filled with the so-called love songs 在求爱方面，军事政治经济可没任何办法。。

all in a word,when praying for love, the military and political economy can\'t do anything.

可是，这也是为什么猫王，披头士，老爵爷以至于杰克逊，麦当娜之后，音乐输给这几个兄弟的原因。 甚至电影小兄弟也能把音乐当奴隶使唤。

But, this is also the reason why after elvis Presley, the beatles, Quincy Jones or even Jackson, Madonna,

music always lo to their brothers.or even such a little child called movie can make music as his slave.

原来我们还可以看着巨星们传奇般的唱片记录而举世疯狂。

we were cheering when a new album record of superstars occurred.

而现在，WELL.你懂我们现在如何对待音乐的。

时间不多，我就举个音乐怎么渗透入人生的例子。

Don\'t have much time, i will set an example for how music overcomes your life.

卡扎菲政权最近不稳定。

Mr Qaddafi\'s regime recently is not stable.

我回顾了卡扎菲这头雄狮的一生。

I looked back on this lion\'s life.

发现，政客汲汲营营的一生，都没透过一些奇特的事来彻底了解自我。

i find that, politicoes would like to even work hard for power rather than keep it real through some fancy things.而与此同时，地球的另一端，一些人已经透过音乐完成了人生的华丽转身。

And at the same time, the other side of the planet, some people have been through music completed the magnificent life turn on the stage.

我们称之为巨星。

We call them superstars.

Sing~

推荐第6篇：中英对照演讲稿

正确的选择

“对于三十岁以后的人来说，十年八年不过是指缝间的事。 而对于年轻人而言，三年五年就可以是一生一世„„” 这句话出自张爱玲的经典小说《半生缘》，书里开头是沈世均的内心独白“他和曼桢认识，已经是多年前的事了。算起来倒已经有十四年了——真吓人一跳！马上使他连带地觉得自己老了许多。日子过得真快，尤其对于中年以后的人，十年八年都好像是指顾间的事。可是对于年轻人，三年五载就可以是一生一世。他和曼桢从认识到分手，不过几年的工夫，这几年里面却经过这么许多事情，仿佛把生老病死一切的哀乐都经历到了。”今天在这里援引这句话却不是想探讨关于爱情的话题，而是想说说关于年轻时的选择。

选择是人一生永恒的课题，我们无时无刻不在经历着各种的选择，小到衣食住行鸡毛蒜皮，大至事业婚姻未来规划，尤其是对于二三十岁的年轻人来说，每一个大的选择都是对于后半生的奠基，甚至某种程度上来说，是一场以未来做注的一场赌局，想来不啻于世间第一的豪赌了。一旦做下了选择，便如美国诗人罗伯特·弗罗斯特(ROBERT FROST)在他的诗《未选择的路》（The Road Not Taken）中写到的：

啊，留下一条路等改日再见！ .但我知道路径延绵无尽头， 恐怕我难以再回返。

也许多少年后在某个地方， 我将轻声叹息将往事回顾： 一片树林里分出两条路- 而我选择了人迹更少的一条， 从此决定了我一生的道路。

我想，何为做出正确的选择，便是20岁跟对人，30岁做对事

当我们20岁，我们刚进入社会，犹如一张白纸，想要画出漂亮的图案，奈何空有一番热情却不知道如何下手。这个时候，我们寻寻觅觅，希望能抓住一根稻草，沿着这根草我们能够认准人生的方向，可以看到未来的辉煌。于是，跟对人，成为这个年龄所做的必修课。

社会确实有点复杂，年轻单纯的我们往往被舆情热浪掀起，找不到方向。似乎经济社会的人都成了经济人，他们用自己闯荡了多年的社会阅历，练就了一身武大郎似的画饼的能力。可是，很多人却没有学到武大郎的忠厚老实，结果年轻人跟着他充满希望大踏步前进，结果武大郎的饼子越摊越大，终究还是一张梦中的饼。等年轻人幡然醒悟时，武大郎却挑着货担走远了。

一转眼便迈进30了。30岁人要做对事。30岁的人，在社会上已经闯荡了多年，有一定的社会阅历，开始渐渐认准人生的方向。这时候，作为一个有理想的人，他就必须选择好自己的事业，认定自己的目标并为之奋斗。这时，他的选择很重要，也就是我们所说的做对事。如果选择错误，方面出现偏差，那么，他越用功，他离成功也就越远了。在选择正确的情况下，坚持10年，等到我们不惑之年的时候，也许就能看到人生的枝头挂满累累硕果。对于三十而立的中国传统标准来说，也许这是一份迟来的午餐，但它却是给当年的30岁的人一个曾经披荆斩棘、栉风沐雨的补偿。

20岁起步，30岁定位，每个人拥有的人生，是否能在这里找到答案。年轻人这个时候都是敢拼敢闯的时候.就像灿烂的烟花这个时候在拼命的燃烧那样吧.几乎是把一生的热情都聚集在这个阶段了.。回到开头引用张爱玲的那句话，众所皆知，她有一句著名的话“出名要趁早”，在她的观念里人就应该趁着自己大好年华做出一番成就，抓住年少时的分分秒秒，短短几年便可造就一生；而当人近中年以后很多事已是尘埃落定，没有了年少时的激情，一岁岁只是某种程度上的重复，十年八载没有什么差别。因此便更要抓紧珍贵的华年，审慎的选择，努力的奋斗。

How to Choose Rightly

“To those older than thirty, eight years or ten shall be nothing more than that has slipped through the fingers; to the young, three years or five can be equaled to a whole lifetime.” The sentence was said by Zhang Ailing in her claic novel Half Life Fate.Beginning in the book is Shen Shijun’s inner monologue, “It was already 14 years since he knew Manzhen.So scary! This made him feel old.Time flies, especially for people beyond middle age, eight years or ten years seem nothing, but to those who are young, three years or five years can be equaled to a whole lifetime.It was only a few years from their acquaintance to their break up.Over the years too many things have happened, as if I had experienced all physical sorrows.” I quoted the words here today don’t want to discu about the topic of love, but to talk about choice when we were young.

Choice is one of life\'s eternal topic.From trivial things such as food and clothing to marriage and the future career planning.We are experiencing all kinds of choice all the time.Especially for young people who are in their 20s and 30s, every big choice is the foundation for future life, even to some extent, a bet for future.Maybe this is the biggest gamble in the world.As was written in American poet Robert Frost’s poem The Road Not Taken,

Oh, I kept the first for another day! Yet knowing how way leads on to way,

I doubted if I should ever come back Somewhere ages and ages hence: I shall be telling this with a sigh Two roads diverged in a wood, and I took the one le traveled by, And that has made all the difference

I deem right choice as following the right person at the age of 20 and doing right things at the age of 30.We are the new entrants in our 20s, just like a piece of blank paper.We want to paint the beautiful design, but we don’t know how to start only with enthusiasm.During this period, we search and hope for clutching at a straw.With the straw, we can sure about our directions of life and see the glorious future.The society is indeed complex, we are so young and so innocent, sometimes we may lost the direction of life.It seems that people in economy society all become economists, they all have the capacity to make pancake, just as Wu Dalang.But they don’t have the characters of Wu Dalang----upright and honest.Finally, their dreams are drawing water with a sieve.Then suddenly 30 years old, the period of following the right person.People at the age of 30 have a lot of experience in society, they have their own direction in their mind.At this time, people who has ideals should choose the career and work hard for the career.Choosing the right career is doing the right thing.If the choose is wrong, he may be far from succe.If we choose the right career and insist for 10 years, we can see the best result in our 40s, which maybe too late according to Chinese tradition that a man should be independent at the age of 30.But it is the compensation for 10 years’ hard work of a person.Starting from 20, locating 30.We all have our own life whether we can find our answer here or not.We youngest should be aggreive and dare to do everything.Like the framework, trying hard to burn in the glorious time.As we all know, Zhang Ailing has a very famous sentence, to be known as early as poible.Her conception is that young people should do a great when they are young.Seize every minute at early years, just a few years can make a life.When middle-aged, people can hardly have the enthusiasm when they are at an early age.Eight years or ten years seem nothing.Therefore, we should seize the good time, choose career prudently and work hard.

推荐第7篇：自我介绍中英对照

大家好，我叫xx，中山大学工商管理本科，09年7月份毕业。我想从三个方面介绍自己：

1）学生工作方面。在学院担任ＸＸ，班级担任ＸＸＸ，学校担任XXXX，负责了学校学院和班级的多项活动。凭借着优异的工作，我获得了XXXX学生干部奖学金。

2）学术竞赛方面。参加挑战杯获得XXX，花旗论坛获得ＸＸＸ等。

3）社会实践方面。我曾经在XXX公司实习，而实习的经历让我明白了公司对人才的要求，也让我自己不断提高自我要求。

接下来就是靠对公司的认识，结合自己的某些事例，拉近自己和公司的距离。最后一句一般都是，相信通过自己在贵公司的学习，一定可以成为XXXX！！

My name is xx, a postgraduate student from Tianjin University, and will get my master degree in March 2007.I\'d like to summarize myself from 3 aspects:

First, I\'m an excellent learner.In my sophomore year, I paed the entrance examination to the Excellent Student Program in Tianjin University and

was recommended as the postgraduate student with special courses, and then I joined the IBM Center in Tianjin University.After finishing my undergradua te courses, my GPA was 3.8 out of 4.5.

Second, I\'m an excellent problem-solver.During the

last 4 years, I have finished 5 projects, including the Hydraulic Engineering Project Management

System, and so on.And I took part in the Mathematical Contest in Modeling in 2003 and won the second prize in Tianjin region.

Last, I\'m an excellent team player.I\'ve been serving as the monitor for 6 years and team leader for 2 years.And besides taking more responsibiliti

es, I also placed great emphasis on teamwork, in order to meet the team\'s go l.

推荐第8篇：参考文献中英对照

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[2]张雷顺，王娟，黄秋风，邓宇.再生混凝土抗冻耐久性实验研究[J].工业建筑，2005(9):64-66 [2] Zhang Leishun, wang Juan, Huang Qiufeng Deng Yu.Study on frost resistance frost durability of recycled aggregate concrete.[J].Industrial construction, 2005 (9) : 64-66.

[3]叶青，纳米复合水泥结构材料的研究与开发[ J].新型建筑材料，2002(1):15-19 [3] Ye Qing, the research and development of nanometer composite cement structure [J].Journal of new building materials, 2002 (1) : 15 to 19

[4]黄功学，谢晓鹏，纳米SiO2对水工混凝土耐久性影响试验研究[J].人民黄河，2011(70): 138-140 [4]Huang Gongxue, Xie Xiaopeng, Experimental Study on the Effect of Nano-SiO_2 to Durability in Hydraulic Concrete.[J].The people of the Yellow River, 2011 (70) : 138-140

[5]肖建庄，刘琼，李文贵，Vivian Tam.再生混凝土细微观结构和破坏机理研究[J].青岛理工大学学报，2009(4):24-30 [5] Xiao Jianzhuang, Liu Qiong Li Wengui, Vivian Tam, On the Micro-and Meso-Struture and Failure Mechanism of Recycle Concrete.[J]. journal of qingdao technological university , 2009 (4) : 24 to 30

[6]杨青，钱晓倩，钱匡亮，王章夫，周堂贵.再生混凝土纳米复合强化实验[J].材料科学与工程学报，2011(10):66-69 [6]Yang qing ,Qian Xiaoqian, Qian Kuangliang, Wang Zhangfu, Zhou, Tanggui.Recycled Concrete Intensified by Nano-materious [J].Journal of materials science and engineering, 2011 (10) : 66-69

[7]7]J.Camiletti,A.M.Soliman, M.L.Nehdi..Effects of nano- and micro-limestone addition on early-age properties of ultra-high-performance concrete[J].Materials and Structures，2012(10) [8][8]P.Hoeini,A.Booshehrian,A.Madari.Developing Concrete Recycling Strategies by Utilizationof Nano-SiO2 Particles[J].Waste Bioma Valor，2011(2):347–355

[9]杜江涛.再生混凝土细观结构研究综述[M].广东建材，2010(4):55-57 [9] Du Jiangtao.The Review of recycled concrete mesoscopic structure review [M].Guangdong building materials, 2010 (4) : 55 to 57

[10]肖建庄，兰阳，李佳彬，王军龙.再生混凝土长期使用性能研究进展[J].结构工程师，2005(6): 72-76 [10]Xiao jianzhuang.lan-yang, Li Jiabin Wang Junlong.The Research of Long-term recycled concrete.[J].Journal of structural engineers, 2005 (6) : 72-76

[11]Laila Raki,James Beaudoin,Rouhollah Alizadeh,Jon Makar.Cement and Concrete Nanoscience and Nanotechnology[J].Materials 2010(3):918-942

[12]谢德文，纳米材料在混凝土中的应用研究[J].能源技术与管理，2008(5):105-113 [12]Xie Dewen.The application of nano material in the concrete [J].Energy technology and management, 2008 (5) : 105-113

推荐第9篇：办公用品中英对照

办公用品中英对照

汉语 English

办公花瓶 mini vase

办公用大头针 office pin办公钟 office clock

笔架 penholder

笔座 pen holder

便条, 短笺 notepaper尺 ruler

磁碟座 CD holder

地球仪 globe

订书钉 Staple

订书机 Stapler

告示帖座 memo holder工字针 paper fastener胶纸座 tape dispenser咖啡机 coffee machine开信刀 letter opener

美工刀 cutter

名片 busine card

名片夹 busine card holder铅笔刀 pencil sharpener切纸刀 paper cutter日记簿 diary book

书立 book stand

塑封机 plastic-envelop machine万字夹 paper clip holder文件袋 expanding file文件柜 document cabinet文具架 stationery rack相框 photo frame

信报箱 letter box

修改胶带 correction tap

桌上办公用品 desk acceories桌上日历 desktop calendar

推荐第10篇：ifitne中英对照

Biceps Brachii肱二头肌

cable biceps curl滑轮胸前弯举dumbbell biceps curl哑铃胸前弯举incline dumbbell curl哑铃斜托弯举machine biceps curl器械胸前弯举seated preacher curl坐姿牧师凳弯举stabilizing pushup平衡俯卧撑standing biceps curl站式胸前弯举swi-ball seated curl平衡球坐姿弯举zottman curl左特曼弯举

Brachialis肱肌

angled prone curl角度俯卧弯举angled prone reverse curl角度俯卧反握弯举hammer curl锤式弯举standing

concentration curl站式单臂哑铃弯举swi-ball preacher curl平衡球弯举

Deltoids三角肌

arnold pre阿诺德推举bar military pre坐姿颈前推bar upright row斜方肌拉力cable front raise滑轮前平举cable rear lateral raise俯身滑轮侧平举cable side lateral raise滑轮侧平举corkscrew螺旋运动dumbbell lateral raise哑铃侧平举dumbbell shoulder pre哑铃肩膀推举external rotation(no weights)肩关节向外转动（无重量）high pull高拉machine lateral raise器械侧平举machine rear raise器械三角肌后伸展machine shoulder pre器械肩膀推举rear lateral raise俯身哑铃侧平举seated reverse fly坐姿反向飞鸟standing scarecrow站式螺旋运动swi-ball shoulder pre平衡球肩膀推举upright row直立划船

Gastrocnemius腓肠肌

alternating seated calf raise坐姿交互提踵barbell standing

calf raise站式哑铃交互提踵calf raise提踵dumbbell calf jump哑铃弹跳single-leg standing calf raise站式单腿提踵

Glutes臀大肌

barbell overhead squat杠铃过顶深蹲dead lift提举

dumbbell front squat肩上哑铃深蹲kettlebells side lunge壶铃侧弓步kettlebells squat壶铃深蹲lunging step up上下台阶lying hip extension(no weights)仰卧臀屈伸（无重量）offset squat单腿侧深蹲power clean高翻side lunge杠铃侧蹲superman超人（姿势）swi-ball glute bridge平衡球架臀桥

Hamstrings股后肌群

back raise提背cable hamstring curl滑轮腿后腱弯举decline leg curl倾斜腿弯举good morning杠铃压肩俯身machine leg curl器械腿弯举reverse hyperextension方向腹背训练swi-ball leg curl平衡球腿弯举

Infraspinatus冈下肌

Latiimus Dorsi背阔肌

aisted pull-up助力引体向上barbell bent-over row俯身杠铃划船cable close grip pulldown滑轮颈前下拉cable seated high row坐姿滑轮高位划船cable straight arm pull-down滑轮单臂下拉chinup反手引体向上kettlebells bent-over-row壶铃前倾划船lat pulldown坐姿滑轮下拉machine lateral pull-down坐姿滑轮侧下拉neutral-grip pullup宽握引体向上one-arm row单臂划船single-arm pulldown单臂下拉t-bar bent-over row丁字架前倾划船Lower Back下背肌

bar squat杠深蹲dumbbell romanian deadlift罗马尼亚哑铃提举prone cobra眼镜蛇式俯卧romanian barbell

deadlift罗马尼亚杠铃提举romanian deadlift罗马尼亚提举zercher squat泽奇深蹲

Obliques腹斜肌

abdominal twist腹部弯曲barbell side bend杠铃体侧举cable torso rotation滑轮扭腰cable woodchopper滑轮伐木clam屈腿提身crunch twist仰卧扭体dumbbell side bend哑铃体侧屈dumbbell torso twist哑铃扭腰figure-8 crunch仰卧夹球扭腰side crunch侧卧起身standing oblique crunch站式斜身下拉swi-ball crunch平衡球仰卧起坐swi-ball oblique crunch平衡球侧卧起身swi-ball torso twist平衡球哑铃扭腰twisting crunch仰卧扭体（保持）twisting windmill风车扭腰

Pectoralis胸大肌

barbell bench pre杠铃卧推bosu kneeling pushup博苏膝式俯卧撑cable chest flye滑轮扩胸cable chest pre滑轮卧推cable croover滑轮夹胸deline close-grip bench pre下斜式窄握卧推dive-bomber pushup俯冲轰炸机式俯卧撑dumbbell flye哑铃飞鸟dumbbell incline bench pre下斜式哑铃卧推dumbbell pull-over俯卧哑铃弯举incline barbell bench pre下斜式杠铃卧推machine chest flye器械夹胸machine chest pre器械推胸pushup仰卧起坐rotational pushup旋转式俯卧撑swi-ball pre平衡球哑铃卧推swi-ball pushup平衡球俯卧撑towel fly(no weights)滑式俯卧撑two-point bridge两点架桥unilateral high cable fly高位单侧滑轮飞鸟unilateral low

cable fly低位单侧滑轮飞鸟weighted pushup负重俯卧撑Quadriceps四头肌

back squat杠铃压背深蹲barbell hack squat杠铃后拉深蹲barbell lunge杠铃弓步barbell squat杠铃深蹲

beginner squat初学者深蹲bulgarian split squat保加利亚深蹲bulgarian split squat(no weights)保加利亚深蹲（无重量）cable front squat前置滑轮深蹲cable leg extension滑轮腿伸展dumbbell lunge哑铃弓步dumbbell reverse lunge哑铃反弓步front squat杠铃前置深蹲hack squat后拉深蹲machine leg extension器械腿伸展machine leg pre器械深蹲ski squat(no weights)滑q1an9深蹲（无重量）sumo squat相扑式深蹲swi-ball wall squat平衡球深蹲walking lunge twist负重前冲扭腰

Rectus Abdominis腹直肌

ab crunch on a ball平衡球仰卧起坐ab crunch machine器械仰卧起坐abdominal reverse curl腹部反向弯举bar crunch持杠起身barbell cable rollout滑轮杠铃外移bench side bridge条凳侧桥bicycle kick脚踏车式踢击dumbbell toe touch哑铃触脚hanging knee raise吊杠提膝hanging leg raise吊杠提腿high woodchopper高位伐木inclined reverse crunch斜面提腿jackknife对折kneeling cable crunch膝式滑轮下压oblique v-up斜式两头起pulse up仰卧举腿reverse crunch反向捲腹rollback伸臂起身saxon side bend撒克逊侧弯seated twist坐式转体situp仰卧起坐sprinter奔跑式起身steam engine肘碰膝toe touch触脚traditional crunch传统仰卧起坐twisting hip raise扭腰提腿v-up两头起weighted swi-ball

crunch平衡球负重仰卧起坐wheel rollout转轮移出Rotator Cuff肩关节旋转肌群

rotator cuffinternal肩关节旋转肌群——内部

Soleus比目鱼肌

Trapezius斜方肌

bent over row(no weights)俯身上拉（无重量）cable seated close row坐姿滑轮划船cable seated low row坐姿低位滑轮划船cable standing close row站式滑轮划船shrug耸肩swi-ball close row平衡球划船

Triceps Brachii肱三头肌

bench dip架桥式板凳撑体cable triceps overhead

extension滑轮三头肌过顶伸展cable triceps pushdown滑轮三头肌下压chair dip(no weights)凳上双臂屈伸（无重量）diamond pushup钻石式俯卧撑dip屈臂伸french pre法式拉举kettlebell pullover壶铃拉举lyingpullover卧式拉举lying triceps extension卧式三头肌伸展

machine triceps extension器械三头肌伸展overhead bar pre头上杠铃推举parallel bar dip负重臂屈伸triceps aisted dip三头肌助力屈伸triceps kickback三头肌后撑Wrist Extensors伸腕肌

dumbbell wrist twist哑铃旋腕reverse wrist curl反握弯举Wrist Flexors屈腕肌

wrist curl屈腕练习

第11篇：模具中英对照

为大家提供点模具方面的中英对照

希望对你们有帮助噢

top view----俯視圖front view----前視圖side view----側視圖plane view ----平面圖contour------外型銑削pocket------挖槽

flow line----罩一曲面multisurf------多重曲面filter-----過濾ellipse-----橢圓polar-------極座標

arc endpoints-----两點畫弧polygon-------多邊形isometric-------等角視圖zig zag-------雙向one way-------單向spline-------圓滑曲線blend-------順接

guide pin--------導針;邊針;直邊support pin---------拉杆;水口邊

support pin collar--------拉杆定位;水口邊定位介子tapped hold for eyebolt-------吊模螺孔

thermal expansion coefficient-------熱膨脹系數welding rod-------熔接棒

cavity plate; A bolster plate(holder material)--------母模板 (A板), 前模板

stripper plate---------活動板,推料板core plate--------公模板 (B板),后模板spacer block-----------間隔板

ejector retainer plate-----------上頂針板ejector plate-----------下頂針板

pin point gate system-----------小水口系統side gate system-----------大水口系統

infrared-transmitter------------紅外線發射器infrared-receiver------------紅外線接受器synthetic resin------------合成權脂

air blow gun(with nozzles&hose)-----------------气槍spiral hose-----------------螺旋形的;盤旋的guide strip---------------行位導軌ejector rod--------------斜坊set screw---------固定螺絲

countersunk screw---------沉頭螺絲hex screws--------胚頭螺絲

shoulder screw-----------------帶肩螺絲residual stre-----------------殘余應力tensile--張力electricity erode-----------------電蝕刻ohm meter-------------------電阻表tubular dowel-----------------管釘,銷釘abrasive stone-----------------研磨石材

SPI Mold Finish Comparison Kit------------------SPI模具拋光比照工具

rolled------------------熱軋forged------------------熱鍛extrude------------------擠壓cold drawn-------------------冷拉

corrosive plastics-----------------防腐塑料tough-----------------硬度

anneal-----------------n.退火

service life--------------------注塑壽命high viscosity-----------------粘度較高的extension plug------------------延伸尾塞angle plug-------------------斜角尾塞

thermocouple connector-----------------熱電偶連結頭hydraulic system----------------------(注塑機的)油壓系統temperature control zone-------------------溫控區

barrel heating capacity--------------------料筒加熱能力screw torque-----------------------螺杆力矩screw speed-----------------------螺杆速度screw stroke-------------------------螺杆行程

nozzle contact force---------------------熱嘴接觸力screw L/D ratio---------------螺杆長度/直徑比例theoretical shot volume --------------理論的注射容量clamp force--------------------合模力lock force---------------------------鎖模力

internal heated------------------------內部加熱external heated------------------------外部加熱heating rod-------------------------加熱棒

air-gap insulation------------------------空气隔絕層spare part(accesory)--------------------------備用件insulating ring-----------------------絕緣圈sealing washer-------------------------垃圾釘adaptor---------------------適配器

hole gauge----------------------孔深量測儀high-temperature grease-------------高溫油脂thermal conductivity paste--------------導熱膏data cable--------------數據線

compreion mold base---------------壓縮模胚countersunk-----------------埋頭孔 錐孔,沉孔mill--------------壓榨機;磨坊;碾磨;drill---------------鑽頭;鑽床鑽孔;鑽通grind-----------------磨擦;磨碎;磨光turn---------------轉動;旋轉;翻轉

adapter plate--------------------適配模板

leader pin; shoulder leader pin----------------導針;帶肩導針( 實心)

angle pin(horn pin)-------------------斜針;斜邊straight bushing----------直導套(空心)shoulder bushing----------帶肩導套sprue puller pin----------唧咀扣針sprue spreader-----------澆口分流錐runner spreader-----------流道分流錐

tapered interlocks(round & rectangular)------------啤把鎖bronze plated bushing-------------------鍍銅導套

guided ejection bushing----------------------------導向導套toggle-lock early ejector return-------------------------切換式早期回撞裝置

accelerated knock-out---------------------加速頂棍accelerated ejector---------------------加速頂針collapsible core---------------------可折疊式的型芯slide retainer----------------------行位固定裝置

jiffy latch-lock aemblies---------------------快速拉杆鎖定裝置

tapped hole------------------螺絲孔

no resettable shot counter--------------------非复位注射計數器

profiled ejector pin--------------------底面在有傾斜截面的頂針

copper-------紅銅

bra------- 黃銅bronze--------青銅BeCu--------鈹銅

counterbore---------------拔頭,介子托fan gate-----------------扇形入口fillet----------------圓形入口

pin point gate-------------細水口hose clip--------------入喉箍jiggle----------------斜頂

British Standard Whitworth thread BSW--------------英制螺絲(粗牙)

British Standard Fine Thread BSF-------------------英制螺絲(幼牙)

National Pipe Thread-----------------------美制螺牙preure plug----------------喉塞

preure spring-----------------壓力彈簧vent------------------ 疏气孔

alignment strip--------------------斜鎖ball catch---------------------彈弓波子bridge piece------------------水口鐵

Jiffy-matic connector---------------------快速連接喉

All ejector blades must have key to avoid rotating.扁頂要管定,以防旋轉.

ejector bearing length彈弓壓縮長度reinforcement rib加強筋steel pad方鐵latch拉杆

sprue puller insert扣針導套stage ejector=knock out頂棍ejector retainer plate上頂針板ejector base plate下頂針板stripper plate活動板

runner stripper plate脫料板P/L flash分形面披鋒scrape拖花burn燒黑

safety strap碼板

side gate system大水口系統

three plate type system簡化型細水口系統pin point gate system細水口系統guide pin/guide bush直邊/托司top clamp plate工字板stripper plate推板spacer block方鐵

bottom clamp plate底板shoulder guide pin帶肩導針shoulder guide bush托司

straight guide bush直司/直導套guide pin直邊screw thread螺紋air pump空气泵alloy合金

alloy steel合金鋼

定模座塊fixed clamp plate;top clamping plate;top plate動模座塊moving clamp plate;bottom clamping plate;bottom plate

上模座塊upper clamping plate下模座塊lower clamping plate凹模固定板cavity-retainer plate型芯固定板core-retainer plate突模固定板punch-retainer plate

模套chase;bolster;frame

支承板backing plate;support plate墊塊spacer;parallel

支架ejector housing,mould base leg斜銷angle pin,finger cam滑塊slide,cam slide

側芯型滑塊side core slide滑塊導板side guide strip

楔緊塊,撐雞heel block,wedge bock斜槽導板finger guide plate彎銷dog-leg cam斜滑塊angle-lift splits

導向零件

導柱guide pillar;guide pin;leader pin

推板導柱ejector guide pillar;ejector guide pin帶頭導套guide bush;guide bushing

推板導套ejector guide bush;ejector bushing

定位和限位零件

錐形定位件mould bases locting elements复位杆ejector plate return pin,push-back pin限位塊stop block; stop pad定距拉杆length bolt; puller bolt定距拉板puller plate; limit plate

推出零件

推流道板runner stripper plate

分流道拉料杆runner puller; runner lock pin拉流杆;扣針sprue puller

鉤形拉料杆sprue puller, Z-shaped球頭拉料杆sprue puller,ball-headed

圓錐頭拉料杆sprue puller,conical headed連接推杆ejector tie rod

推板ejector plate;ejection plate推杆固定板ejector retainer plate推件環(盤)stripper ring(disk)推件板stripper plate推塊ejector pad

推管(司筒,導筒)ejector sleeve推杆ejector pin

圓柱頭推杆ejector pin with cylindrical head帶肩推杆shouldered ejector pin扁推杆flat ejector pin

塑料成型模具的主要設計要素脫模距stripper distance脫模斜度draft

投影面積projected area

最大開距maximum daylight;open daylight閉合高度mould-shut height抽芯距core-pulling distance抽芯力core-pulling force脫模力ejector force

開模力mould opening force

模內壓力internal mould preure;cavity preure成型壓力moulding preure背壓環back-up ring1 bar = 14.5psi

高壓接頭bite type fitting液壓馬達hydraulic motor

冷卻水流量計waterflow regulator

打磨器材abrasive material打磨砂輪grinding wheels切割砂輪cutting wheels

碼模夾(注塑機使用)mould clamps; lifting clamps小五金工具piping tools

高壓力軟管high preure hose風管,水軟管air .water hose高壓油表preure gauge壓力油喉hydraulic hoses光塑檢測photoelastic testing吹塑模plastic blow mould注塑模plastic injection mould

沖扎复合模blank & form compound die精密沖模precision blanking die熔料流動率MFR=melt flow rate熔料流動指數MET=melt flow index推板導柱guide pin for ejector plater座板clamping plate墊塊space block(plate)推板ejector block(plate)afdek plate檔塵板guide stripe行位后板

cavity sub-insert前模鑲件core sub-insert后模鑲件sprue puller insert扣針鑲件stage ejector頂棍

spacer rock(risers)間隔板變形distortion彎曲warp

拖花drag marks火花紋EDM marks困氣venting燒黑burns

表面縮水shrinkage

料位過薄/砸穿thin wall stock走水不平行uneven fill pattern

夾水紋/流紋witne line;mismatch;stre marks走水紋knit lines走水不齊short shotsorifice料口

nozzle seat熱嘴墊圈nozzle plate射嘴板cro pin十字頭銷sled射台

seal ring封密圈spacer rail介子座

heater groove發熱管槽

heater cement發熱管的結合劑soak浸泡seat墊圈

ream鉸大圓孔直徑grind磨床drill鑽床mill銑床caliper卡尺

G-caliper分厘卡Depth Gauge深厚計hardne tester硬度計angle gauge角規marble table雲台石projector投影儀

height gauge高度儀microscope顯微鏡plug gauge塞規leveller水平器R gaugeR 規

Inter caliper內分厘卡surface平面儀

item number細目編碼

catalog number材料分類編碼undercut lip倒扣口

hot tip = hot drop = nozzle熱嘴blow-off strip放氣板blow-off nozzle吹風口

spiral hose螺旋式的連接喉rust solvent除鏽劑shaft曲軸

tensile strength拉伸力yield strength屈服力spark erosion電火花蝕刻etch(photo-etch)電蝕harden淬硬

copper electrode銅公

corrosion resistance耐腐蝕anneal退火

heat treatment淬火

FEM(finite elemnet method)有限元法preliminary tool design初期模具設計圖zone熱流道區域reverse taper倒啤把clamp plate碼板toggle clamp快速夾vacuum furnace真空爐

cavity insert rounds圓柱鑲件cavity insert b0locks方柱鑲件

tensile strength抗張強度,抗拉強度Concept drawing概念圖Aembly drawing裝配圖mismatch;witne line夾紋shut-off(n.)枕位

venting valves疏氣閥venting plug疏氣塞valve casing閥門罩twist drill旋鑽

harden/nitride碎硬anneal退火temper回火

ste crack應力斷裂

corrosion resistance防腐,防鏽

tensile strength物】抗張強度,抗拉強度split mould(分離)組合式的模具inclined plate斜面inclined bolt斜栓

jaw(工具,機械等)夾住東西的部分,鉗口step change of the P/L分形面枕位的改變thin steel section較薄的料位clean-up清理,清除,清掃

Mold Dating Insert模具日志鑲件Hot Sprue Bushing熱澆口套semi-automatic半自動

quick disconnector快速斷開接頭full shot足量注射

mismatch夾痕;夾水紋ejector mark頂痕

screw bo螺絲孔,螺絲基座sink mark縮坑

15% gla filled ABS摻有15%玻璃的ABSspraying mold release脫模劑drag mark拖痕stre mark應力痕

reinforcement rib加強筋slght stoning輕度磨砂soliid line實線dotted line虛線

internal diameter內徑external diameter外徑nickel-plated電鍍的

handling hole;lifting hole吊裝孔parallel平行塊piston活塞plunger柱塞carrier導軌rest支架

item number項目編號catalog item商品目錄編碼dimensional datum尺寸基準

heat treatment certification淬硬証明文件back-up bushing支撐導套jacking screw起重螺絲,千斤頂

tapped hole(帶有螺旋角度的)螺絲孔diagonal corner成對角的角落burn mark燒痕

hot runner mainfold(熱流道板)分流板texuring蝕紋

clamping screw(注塑機)碼模螺絲imperial英制的metric公制的

puller bushing水口套puller bar水口鐵

drool bushing防漏膠套筒safety switch限位制

water line connected internally or hard tubing不可用膠喉連接運水

lifter: on square rod or locked from rotation用方形柱或用管釘防止斜頂轉動

gate insert入水鑲件

gate shut-offs流道開關配件guided ejection中托司

parting line shutoff前后模接觸面

waterlines clear tie bars.運水喉咀接駁位要避開啤機呵林柱.BGV=Balanced Gate Value平衡入水值spacer墊塊pocket挖槽rough粗加工finish精加工

plunge rate進刀率retract rate提刀速率splindle rate主軸轉速coolant冷卻液

SPLIT RING開口環(鑰匙圈)

側向抽芯力side pulling-core forceconvert.transfer轉圖guide pin邊針

Tee slot cutterT形SLOT CUTTERzigzag雙向切削

constant overlap spiral等距環切parallel spiral環繞切削

parallel spiral clean corners環切並清角morph spiral依外形環繞true spiral螺旋切削one way單向end mill平銑刀spher mill球刀bull mill圓鼻刀face mill面銑刀rad mill圓角成型刀chamfer mill倒角刀slot mill槽刀

taper mill推拔銑刀dove mill鳩尾銑刀lot mill棒狀drill鑽孔reamer紋刀bore bar搪刀tap RH右牙刀Tap LH左牙刀ctr Drill中心鑽spot drill點鑽

cntr bore沉頭孔刀c.sink魚眼孔鑽

loft surface舉升曲面coons surface昆氏曲面ruled surface直紋曲面revolved surface旋轉曲面swept surface掃描曲面draft surface牽引曲面

grinding wheel磨砂使用的輪子quench steel將...淬火,使冷卻stre relieving應力消除molten熔熱的oxide film氧化層

guide pin and sleeve, locating ring ,ejector ,ejector balde, ejector sleeve,lifters, wear plate,horn pin,O ring, water baffle, water pipe plug,water line connector,wear plate ,air cylinder,hydraulic cylinder, micro switch,oil nipple, spring,sprue bushing,early return system, accelerated

ejectors, slied holder,cycle counter,date stamper, hot runner syste導邊,司筒,定位圈,頂針,扁頂針,頂針司筒,斜坊,磨損板,氣頂針,O形圈,隔片,運水管道塞,運水管道轉接頭,氯壓缸,液壓缸,開關裝置,油槍接頭,彈弓,澆口套,早期回撞裝置,加速頂針,注塑周期計數器,滑塊固定板,生產日期銘牌,熱流道系統chemical composition化學成份thermal conductiivity導熱性能thermal diffusivity熱擴散性能dimensonal stablity尺寸穩定性能cooling effiency冷卻效率easiler ejection易于脫模alloy insert合金鑲件

(cooling) duct輸送管;導管maintenance cost維護費用ultrasonic testing超聲波檢測crack斷裂

direct gate直接澆口ring gate環形澆口

disk gate;disphragm gate盤形澆口

spoke gate;spider gate輪輻澆口pin-point gate點澆口edge gate側澆口

submarine gate;tunnel gate潛伏澆口fan gate扇形澆口tab gate護耳澆口

runner plate流道板(或冷或熱)secondary nozzle二級噴嘴

torpedo;torpedo body aembly魚雷形組合體catridge heater管式加熱器heat pipe熱管

valve gate閥式澆口

force plunger;pot plunger柱塞flash groove;spew groove溢料槽

impreion;cavity block;cavity plate凹模punch;force击模

movable insert;loose detail活動鑲件

cavity splits;core splits(凹模拼塊) (型芯拼塊)拼塊side core側型芯

thread plug;threaded core螺紋型芯thread ring;threaded cavity螺紋型環cutting wheel切割砂輪grinding wheel打磨砂輪abrasive material打磨器材

mould clamps;lifting clamp砂模夾(注塑機使用)air (water) hose風管,水輪管preure gauge高壓油表hydraulic hose壓力油喉plastic blow mould吹塑模plastic injection mould注塑模

blandk&form compound die沖扎復合模precisiion blanking die精密沖模MFR=melt flow rate熔料流動率MFT=melt flow index熔料流動指數handling hole拉鈴孔stop plate限位塊linder bush襯套

spacer block(plate)墊塊,方鐵back-up ring背位環standoff限位塊

American Safety Hoist Rings.英制安全吊裝環Mechanical Properties機械性能Tensile Strength(MPa)抗拉強度elongation延伸率hardne(Brinell)硬度

shear stength(MPa)剪切力impact strength沖ren性Physical Properties物理性能

solidification shrinkage凝固收縮率freezing range凝固與熔范圍thermal expansion熱膨脹系數specific heat比熱

thermal conductivity熱導率electrical conductivity電導率micro-structure金相分析hot work tool steel熱作鋼circular motion環形運動variable變數,參數

graphics window圖形視窗

45 degree entry and a zero degree exit.進刀口45度,退刀口0度runner stripper plate脫料板stripper plate活動板

spacer rock(risers)間隔板stage ejector頂棍

sprue puller insert扣針導套guide strip行位后板afdek plate擋塵板side gate大水口pinpoint gate細水口SHCS杯頭螺絲FHCS平頭螺絲set screw無頭螺絲ball catch波子螺絲wedge行位較杯

gib線條,(撐雞的導軌)latch拉杆clamp碼仔

spring guide pin彈弓導柱steel pad disc橙仔方ejector cam insert斜頂塊(screw) nut螺母taper嗲把/ 斜度

taper interlock嗲把鎖texture花紋

toggle-lok回撞裝置

top clamping plate頂碼板

unified national coarse (UNC)美制螺絲(粗牙)unified national fine (UNF)美制螺絲(幼牙)set screw噴頭螺絲side gate大水口

slide retainer行位管位water junction喉咀spacer block登仔

jiffy-matic socket喉咀套jiffy-tite plug喉咀公spring plunger彈弓座sprue puller勾針/勾粒spring washer彈簧塑圈

stepped ejector pin有托頂針strippers plate推板/細水口板submarine gate潛水口support pin拉杆support plate暗板surface finish光潔度alignment strip斜鎖angle pin斜針fan gate扇形入水fillet圓口

ball catch彈弓波子blade ejector扁頂

bottom clamping plate底碼板free length自然長度bridge piece水口鐵

British Standard Fine Thread (BSF)英制螺絲(幼牙)British Standard Pipe Thread (BSP)英制喉牙

British Standard Whitworth Thread (BSW)英制螺絲(粗牙)helix spindle鍋杆hose clip水喉箍bubbler隔氣運水jiggle斜頂

jiggle witne line斜頂片位置

center distance (CRS)山打距離(中心線距離)clamp碼仔contour外形leader pin導針

location ring(flange)法蘭counterbore拔頭,介子托mock-up;prototype手辦die cast合金壓鑄

national pipe thread(NPT)美制喉牙overflow垃圾位

ejection sleeve司筒,頂套epoxy膠樣

pin point gate細水口preure plug喉塞

preure spring壓力彈簧parting line flash披鋒burned燒黑underfilled缺料

insert mismatch鑲件夾口

ejector pins not flush頂針有高低ejector pins skid頂針滑動insert flash鑲件披鋒

preure transducer壓力探測頭

hydraulic schematic油積筒油路接駁圖

jiffy connector receed安裝喉嘴后不可突出模胚

knock out pullback stud -flush with clamp plate頂棍鑲件與底板有否空間

safety switches限位制stop block限位塊safety strap安全帶

drool bushing防漏膠套筒insert mismatch鑲件夾口EDM visible明顯火花紋lifter scrapes斜頂拖花short shots走水不齊wall stock料位厚薄knit lines走水紋stre marks夾水紋

uneven fill pattern走水不平行drag marks拖花

sprue pretrusion唧嘴突出高度

sprue orifice and radil size唧嘴R尺寸sprue bushing-keyed唧嘴有管釘EnglishChinese

program name產口名稱part name零件名稱tool name模具名稱tool source模具來源tool steel模具鋼材resin塑 料

program number產品編號part number零件編號tool number模具編號customer客戶名稱No of cavities內模編號machine size啤機噸數drum miller鼓形銑床

duplex horizontal miller復式臥銑床face miller端面銑床grinding miller研磨機plain miller平面銑床

planer-type miller刨式銑床rack miller齒條銑床slab miller大型平面銑床slot miller鍵槽銑刀spline miller花鍵銑刀thread miller螺紋銑刀

vertical miller立式銑刀,立輥,立輥軋機endmill立銑刀

plastic mould steel塑膠模鋼cold work steel冷作鋼hot work steel熱作鋼high speed steel高速鋼

electric magnetic clutch電磁離合器pad printer移印機screen printer絲印機hot stamper燙印機

solid carbide slitting saw鑽石鋼鋸片convex cutter击鑼刀片concave cutter凹鑼刀片

side&face cutters,staggered teeth正側雙用鑲鑽石鋼鑼刀end-mill鑼刀semi-rod半圓刀

split double end雙頭刀single end單頭刀2-flute兩辨3-flute三辨4-flute四辨reamer直拈

centre drill中心鑽solid carbide drill鑽咀zinc ingot鋅錠

aluminium ignot鋁錠tin ignot錫錠

heater cement發熱管的結合劑heater groove發熱管槽spacer rail介子座cro pin十字頭銷nozzle plate射嘴板nozzle seat熱嘴addendum齒冠dedendum齒根

air compreor空氣壓縮機air exhauster抽氣機air intake進氣口air seal空氣隔離層

第12篇：政府工作报告中英对照

政府工作报告

Report on the Work of the Government

——2018年3月5日在第十三届全国人民代表大会第一次会议上

– Delivered at the First Seion of the 13th National People’s Congre of the People’s Republic of China on March 5, 2018

国务院总理 李克强

Li Keqiang, Premier of the State Council

各位代表：

Fellow Deputies,

现在，我代表国务院，向大会报告过去五年政府工作，对今年工作提出建议，请予审议，并请全国政协委员提出意见。

On behalf of the State Council, I will now report to you on the government’s work of the past five years and lay out what we propose for this year’s work for your deliberation and approval.I also invite comments from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).

一、过去五年工作回顾

I will begin with a review of our work over the past five years.

第十二届全国人民代表大会第一次会议以来的五年，是我国发展进程中极不平凡的五年。面对极其错综复杂的国内外形势，以习近平同志为核心的党中央团结带领全国各族人民砥砺前行，统筹推进“五位一体”总体布局，协调推进“四个全面”战略布局，改革开放和社会主义现代化建设全面开创新局面。党的十九大确立了习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的历史地位，制定了决胜全面建成小康社会、夺取新时代中国特色社会主义伟大胜利的宏伟蓝图和行动纲领，具有重大现实意义和深远历史意义。各地区各部门不断增强政治意识、大局意识、核心意识、看齐意识，深入贯彻落实新发展理念，“十二五”规划圆满完成，“十三五”规划顺利实施，经济社会发展取得历史性成就、发生历史性变革。

The five years since the first seion of the 12th National People’s Congre (NPC) have been a truly remarkable five years in the course of our country’s development.Facing an extremely complex environment both at home and abroad, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, has rallied and led the Chinese people of all ethnic groups to forge ahead.We have moved forward with the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan* and the Four-pronged Comprehensive Strategy**, and made new advances on all fronts of reform, opening-up, and socialist modernization.

(* The “Five-sphere Integrated Plan” is a plan to promote coordinated economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological advancement.

** The “Four-pronged Comprehensive Strategy” is a strategy of comprehensive moves to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, deepen reform, advance law-based governance, and strengthen Party self-governance.) At its 19th National Congre, the Party established the position in history of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and mapped out an inspiring blueprint and a program of action for securing a decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and for striving for the succe of socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era.This is of great immediate significance and far-reaching historical significance.

All regions and all government departments have strengthened their consciousne of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core, and keep in alignment.The new development philosophy has been thoroughly acted upon, the 12th Five-Year Plan has been fully completed, and implementation of the 13th Five-Year Plan has seen smooth progre.In economic and social development we have made historic achievements and seen historic change.

五年来，经济实力跃上新台阶。国内生产总值从54万亿元增加到82.7万亿元，年均增长7.1%，占世界经济比重从11.4%提高到15%左右，对世界经济增长贡献率超过30%。财政收入从11.7万亿元增加到17.3万亿元。居民消费价格年均上涨1.9%，保持较低水平。城镇新增就业6600万人以上，13亿多人口的大国实现了比较充分就业。 Over the past five years, economic strength has reached a new high.

China’s gro domestic product (GDP) has risen from 54 trillion to 82.7 trillion yuan, registering average annual growth of 7.1 percent; and its share in the global economy has grown to roughly 15 percent, up from 11.4 percent.China’s contribution to global growth has exceeded 30 percent.Government revenue has increased from 11.7 trillion to 17.3 trillion yuan.Consumer prices rose at an average annual rate of 1.9 percent, maintaining a relatively low level of growth.More than 66 million new urban jobs have been added, and our country, with its population of over 1.3 billion, has achieved relatively full employment.

五年来，经济结构出现重大变革。消费贡献率由54.9%提高到58.8%，服务业比重从45.3%上升到51.6%，成为经济增长主动力。高技术制造业年均增长11.7%。粮食生产能力达到1.2万亿斤。城镇化率从52.6%提高到58.5%，8000多万农业转移人口成为城镇居民。

Over the past five years, the structure of the Chinese economy has seen a major transformation.

With the share of the service sector rising from 45.3 to 51.6 percent of the economy, consumption’s contribution to growth has increased from 54.9 to 58.8 percent, becoming the main driver of growth.High-tech manufacturing has achieved an average annual increase of 11.7 percent, and the annual grain yield has reached 600 million metric tons.China’s urbanization rate has risen from 52.6 to 58.5 percent, and more than 80 million people who have relocated from rural to urban areas have gained permanent urban residency.

五年来，创新驱动发展成果丰硕。全社会研发投入年均增长11%，规模跃居世界第二位。科技进步贡献率由52.2%提高到57.5%。载人航天、深海探测、量子通信、大飞机等重大创新成果不断涌现。高铁网络、电子商务、移动支付、共享经济等引领世界潮流。“互联网+”广泛融入各行各业。大众创业、万众创新蓬勃发展，日均新设企业由5千多户增加到1万6千多户。快速崛起的新动能，正在重塑经济增长格局、深刻改变生产生活方式，成为中国创新发展的新标志。

Over the past five years, innovation-driven development has yielded fruitful outcomes.

China’s investment in research and development (R&D) has grown at an average annual rate of 11 percent, ranking second in the world in scale.The contribution of technological advances to economic growth has risen from 52.2 to 57.5 percent.In manned spaceflight, deep-water exploration, quantum communications, large aircraft development, and more, China has seen a stream of major outcomes of innovation.In high-speed rail, e-commerce, mobile payments, and the sharing economy, China is leading the world.

The Internet Plus model has permeated every industry and every field.Busine startups and innovation are thriving all over the country, and the average number of new businees opened daily has risen from over 5,000 to more than 16,000.Rapidly emerging new growth drivers are reshaping China’s growth model, are profoundly changing the way we live and work, and have become a new hallmark of China’s innovation-driven development.

五年来，改革开放迈出重大步伐。改革全面发力、多点突破、纵深推进，重要领域和关键环节改革取得突破性进展。简政放权、放管结合、优化服务等改革推动政府职能发生深刻转变，市场活力和社会创造力明显增强。“一带一路”建设成效显著，对外贸易和利用外资结构优化、规模稳居世界前列。

Over the past five years, significant headway has been made in reform and opening-up.

In reform, we have made strong moves acro the board, secured major advances in many areas, and driven deeper in pursuing progre, making breakthroughs in reforms in important fields and key links.Reforms to streamline administration and delegate powers, improve regulation, and optimize services, have driven profound shifts in the functions of government, and significantly strengthened market dynamism and public creativity.The Belt and Road Initiative has been making major progre.The composition of both Chinese foreign trade and foreign investment in China has been improved, with volumes ranking among the largest in the world.

五年来，人民生活持续改善。脱贫攻坚取得决定性进展，贫困人口减少6800多万，易地扶贫搬迁830万人，贫困发生率由10.2%下降到3.1%。居民收入年均增长7.4%、超过经济增速，形成世界上人口最多的中等收入群体。出境旅游人次由8300万增加到1亿3千多万。社会养老保险覆盖9亿多人，基本医疗保险覆盖13.5亿人，织就了世界上最大的社会保障网。人均预期寿命达到76.7岁。棚户区住房改造2600多万套，农村危房改造1700多万户，上亿人喜迁新居。

Over the past five years, living standards have been constantly improving.

We have made decisive progre in the fight against poverty: More than 68 million people have been lifted out of poverty, including a total of 8.3 million relocated from inhospitable areas, and the poverty headcount ratio has dropped from 10.2 to 3.1 percent.Personal income has increased by an annual average of 7.4 percent, outpacing economic growth and creating the world’s largest middle-income group.Tourist departures have grown from 83 million to over 130 million.Social old-age pension schemes now cover more than 900 million people, and the basic health insurance plans cover 1.35 billion people, forming the largest social safety net in the world.On average, life expectancy has reached 76.7 years.Over 26 million housing units have been rebuilt in rundown urban areas, and more than 17 million dilapidated houses have been renovated in rural areas.Thanks to these efforts, more than one hundred million Chinese have moved into new homes.

五年来，生态环境状况逐步好转。制定实施大气、水、土壤污染防治三个“十条”并取得扎实成效。单位国内生产总值能耗、水耗均下降20%以上，主要污染物排放量持续下降，重点城市重污染天数减少一半，森林面积增加1.63亿亩，沙化土地面积年均缩减近2000平方公里，绿色发展呈现可喜局面。

Over the past five years, the environment has seen gradual improvement.

To addre air, water, and soil pollution, we have designed and enforced a ten-point list of measures for each and achieved solid progre.Both energy and water consumption per unit of GDP have fallen more than 20 percent, the release of major pollutants has been consistently declining, and the number of days of heavy air pollution in key cities has fallen 50 percent.Forest coverage has increased by 10.87 million hectares, and the area of desertified land has been reduced by close to 2,000 square kilometers on average each year.Encouraging progre has been made in green development.

刚刚过去的2017年，经济社会发展主要目标任务全面完成并好于预期。国内生产总值增长6.9%，居民收入增长7.3%，增速均比上年有所加快；城镇新增就业1351万人，失业率为多年来最低；工业增速回升，企业利润增长21%；财政收入增长7.4%，扭转了增速放缓态势；进出口增长14.2%，实际使用外资1363亿美元、创历史新高。经济发展呈现出增长与质量、结构、效益相得益彰的良好局面。这是五年来一系列重大政策效应累积，各方面不懈努力、久久为功的结果。

In the year just paed, all main targets and tasks for economic and social development were accomplished and performance has exceeded expectations.GDP grew 6.9 percent and personal income rose 7.3 percent, both beating the previous year’s growth rates.Around 13.51 million new urban jobs were created, and the joble rate was the lowest in recent years.Industrial growth began to rebound, and corporate profits increased 21 percent.Government revenue grew 7.4 percent, reversing the slowdown in growth.The total import and export value rose 14.2 percent.Inward foreign investment reached 136.3 billion U.S.dollars, hitting a new all-time high.

The state of play in the economy was good, with growth and quality, structural improvement, and performance each reinforcing the other.This is the result of the cumulative effect of a raft of major policies over the past five years and of consistent efforts in all areas of endeavor.

过去五年取得的全方位、开创性成就，发生的深层次、根本性变革，再次令世界瞩目，全国各族人民倍感振奋和自豪。

Over the past five years, the ground-breaking achievements made on every front and the profound and fundamental changes that have taken place, have attracted global attention and are the pride and inspiration of all of us in China.

五年来，我们认真贯彻以习近平同志为核心的党中央决策部署，主要做了以下工作。

Over the past five years, we have worked with dedication to implement the decisions and plans made by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core.The following are the highlights of that work:

（一）坚持稳中求进工作总基调，着力创新和完善宏观调控，经济运行保持在合理区间、实现稳中向好。

First, with a commitment to the general principle of pursuing progre while ensuring stability, we have focused on developing new and better approaches to macro regulation, kept major indicators within an appropriate range, and achieved stable, positive economic performance.

这些年，世界经济复苏乏力，国际金融市场跌宕起伏，保护主义明显抬头。我国经济发展中结构性问题和深层次矛盾凸显，经济下行压力持续加大，遇到不少两难多难抉择。面对这种局面，我们保持战略定力，坚持不搞“大水漫灌”式强刺激，而是适应把握引领经济发展新常态，统筹稳增长、促改革、调结构、惠民生、防风险，不断创新和完善宏观调控，确立区间调控的思路和方式，加强定向调控、相机调控、精准调控。明确强调只要经济运行在合理区间，就业增加、收入增长、环境改善，就集中精力促改革、调结构、添动力。采取既利当前更惠长远的举措，着力推进供给侧结构性改革，适度扩大总需求，推动实现更高层次的供需动态平衡。经过艰辛努力，我们顶住了经济下行压力、避免了“硬着陆”，保持了经济中高速增长，促进了结构优化，经济长期向好的基本面不断巩固和发展。

The past few years have witneed anemic world economic recovery, volatility in global financial markets, and a sharp rise in protectionism.In China, structural iues and underlying problems have become more acute, downward preure on the economy has continued to mount, and we have met with no small number of dilemmas.

In confronting this new environment, we have maintained strategic focus and refrained from resorting to a deluge of strong stimulus policies.Instead, we have adapted to, addreed, and steered the new normal in economic development, and taken coordinated steps to ensure steady growth, advance reform, make structural adjustments, improve living standards, and guard against risk.We have made fresh innovations in and refined macro regulation, developed the idea of and ways to achieve ranged-based regulation, and enhanced targeted, well-timed, and precision regulation.

We have been clear that as long as the major economic indicators are within an acceptable range, with employment growing, incomes increasing, and the environment improving, then our energies should be focused on advancing reform, making structural adjustments, and adding growth drivers.

We have adopted measures that are good for the near term and even better for the long term, made strong moves to advance supply-side structural reform, appropriately expanded aggregate demand, and worked for a dynamic equilibrium of supply and demand at a higher level.

With grit and determination, we have overcome downward preure on the economy, avoided a “hard landing,” maintained a medium-high growth rate, and promoted structural upgrading.The economic fundamentals that will sustain long-term growth have been cemented and enhanced.

坚持实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策。在财政收支矛盾较大情况下，着眼“放水养鱼”、增强后劲，我国率先大幅减税降费。分步骤全面推开营改增，结束了66年的营业税征收历史，累计减税超过2万亿元，加上采取小微企业税收优惠、清理各种收费等措施，共减轻市场主体负担3万多亿元。加强地方政府债务管理，实施地方政府存量债务置换，降低利息负担1.2万亿元。调整财政支出结构，盘活沉淀资金，保障基本民生和重点项目。财政赤字率一直控制在3%以内。货币政策保持稳健中性，广义货币M2增速呈下降趋势，信贷和社会融资规模适度增长。采取定向降准、专项再贷款等差别化政策，加强对重点领域和薄弱环节支持，小微企业贷款增速高于各项贷款平均增速。改革完善汇率市场化形成机制，保持人民币汇率基本稳定，外汇储备转降为升。妥善应对“钱荒”等金融市场异常波动，规范金融市场秩序，防范化解重点领域风险，守住了不发生系统性风险的底线，维护了国家经济金融安全。

We have continued to follow a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy.Despite a fairly big imbalance between government revenue and expenditure, China has led the way in slashing taxes and fees with the aim of using accommodative measures to strengthen the basis for sustained growth.Step by step, we have extended the replacement of busine tax with value added tax (VAT) to all sectors acro the country, calling time on the 66-year history of busine tax.The result so far has been a tax cut of more than 2 trillion yuan.We have also adopted measures like preferential tax policies for small low-profit businees and an overhaul of different types of fees.All in all, our market entities have seen savings of more than 3 trillion yuan.We have strengthened management over local government debt, and iued local government bonds to replace outstanding debt, cutting interest liability by 1.2 trillion yuan.We have adjusted the structure of government expenditure, put idle funds to work, and ensured the spending for undertaking major projects and meeting basic public needs.The deficit-to-GDP ratio has been kept within 3 percent. Monetary policy has remained prudent and neutral.The M2 money supply growth rate has been trending downward, while credit and aggregate financing have seen moderate growth.Differentiated policies, such as targeted reserve requirement ratio cuts and targeted re-lending, have been adopted to strengthen support for key fields and weak links.The growth of loans to small and micro businees has outstripped the average growth in lending.We have reformed and improved the market-based exchange rate mechanism and kept the RMB exchange rate basically stable; and foreign exchange reserves are now rising not falling.We have responded appropriately to abnormal market fluctuations such as the cash crunch, brought better order to the financial markets, prevented and diffused risks in key sectors, forestalled systemic risks, and thus safeguarded China’s economic and financial security.

（二）坚持以供给侧结构性改革为主线，着力培育壮大新动能，经济结构加快优化升级。紧紧依靠改革破解经济发展和结构失衡难题，大力发展新兴产业，改造提升传统产业，提高供给体系质量和效率。

Second, with a commitment to treating supply-side structural reform as our main task, we have focused on fostering new growth drivers to speed up economic structural upgrading.

We have persevered in relying on reform to overcome economic difficulties and addre structural imbalances, made a big push to foster emerging industries, overhauled and strengthened traditional industries, and improved the quality and performance of the supply system.

扎实推进“三去一降一补”。五年来，在淘汰水泥、平板玻璃等落后产能基础上，以钢铁、煤炭等行业为重点加大去产能力度，中央财政安排1000亿元专项奖补资金予以支持，用于分流职工安置。退出钢铁产能1.7亿吨以上、煤炭产能8亿吨，安置分流职工110多万人。因城施策分类指导，三四线城市商品住宅去库存取得明显成效，热点城市房价涨势得到控制。积极稳妥去杠杆，控制债务规模，增加股权融资，工业企业资产负债率连续下降，宏观杠杆率涨幅明显收窄、总体趋于稳定。多措并举降成本，压减政府性基金项目30%，削减中央政府层面设立的涉企收费项目60%以上，阶段性降低“五险一金”缴费比例，推动降低用能、物流、电信等成本。突出重点加大补短板力度。

Solid work has moved us forward in the five priority tasks of cutting overcapacity, reducing exce inventory, deleveraging, lowering costs, and strengthening areas of weakne. Over the past five years, building on work to cut backward production capacity in the cement, plate gla, and other industries, we have intensified efforts to cut overcapacity, prioritizing industries such as steel and coal; and a 100-billion-yuan fund for rewards and subsidies has been put in place by the central government to support efforts to aist affected employees.We have cut steel production capacity by more than 170 million metric tons and coal production capacity by 800 million metric tons, and over 1.1 million affected employees have been aisted.

Thanks to city-specific policies and category-specific guidance, clear progre has been made in reducing commercial residential housing inventory in third- and fourth-tier cities, and the growth of housing prices in the most popular cities has been brought under control.

We have taken active and prudent steps to deleverage, control the scale of debts, and expand equity finance.The debt-to-aet ratio of industrial enterprises has been consistently declining.Macro leverage ratio is increasing by much smaller margins and is generally stable.

We have used a combination of measures to bring down costs: 30 percent of government-managed funds and fees have been cut; over 60 percent of the fees and charges levied on businees by the central government have been abolished; the ratio of enterprise contributions to old-age pension, medical insurance, unemployment insurance, and maternity insurance, workers’ compensation, and housing provident fund schemes has been reduced for the time being, and work has been done to lower energy, logistics, and telecommunications costs.

We have stepped up efforts to strengthen areas of weakne, with a focus on key iues.

加快新旧发展动能接续转换。深入开展“互联网+”行动，实行包容审慎监管，推动大数据、云计算、物联网广泛应用，新兴产业蓬勃发展，传统产业深刻重塑。实施“中国制造2025”，推进工业强基、智能制造、绿色制造等重大工程，先进制造业加快发展。出台现代服务业改革发展举措，服务新业态新模式异军突起，促进了各行业融合升级。深化农业供给侧结构性改革，新型经营主体大批涌现，种植业适度规模经营比重从30%提升到40%以上。采取措施增加中低收入者收入，推动传统消费提档升级、新兴消费快速兴起，网上零售额年均增长30%以上，社会消费品零售总额年均增长11.3%。优化投资结构，鼓励民间投资，发挥政府投资撬动作用，引导更多资金投向强基础、增后劲、惠民生领域。高速铁路运营里程从9000多公里增加到2万5千公里、占世界三分之二，高速公路里程从9.6万公里增加到13.6万公里，新建改建农村公路127万公里，新建民航机场46个，开工重大水利工程122项，完成新一轮农村电网改造，建成全球最大的移动宽带网。五年来，发展新动能迅速壮大，经济增长实现由主要依靠投资、出口拉动转向依靠消费、投资、出口协同拉动，由主要依靠第二产业带动转向依靠三次产业共同带动。这是我们多年想实现而没有实现的重大结构性变革。

We have sped up the replacement of old growth drivers.

We have done more in carrying out the Internet Plus Initiative, exercised accommodative and prudential regulation, and promoted the extensive application of big data, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things; emerging industries have achieved vigorous growth, and traditional industries have undergone a thorough remodeling.

Implementation of the Made in China 2025 Initiative has brought progre in major projects like the building of robust industrial foundations, smart manufacturing, and green manufacturing, and has accelerated the development of advanced manufacturing.

We unveiled reform and development measures to foster modern services; and this has led to a marked rise in new forms of busine in the services sector and new service models as well as the integration and upgrading of multiple sectors. Deepened supply-side structural reform in agriculture has brought the emergence of a large number of new types of agribusine.The share of appropriately scaled-up farming has increased from 30 to over 40 percent.

We have taken measures to increase the incomes of those in low- and middle-income brackets, and helped to see an upgrading of traditional forms of consumption, and a boom in new forms of consumption.Online retail sales have been growing at an average annual rate of over 30 percent, and total retail sales of consumer goods have enjoyed an average annual increase of 11.3 percent.

We have improved the composition of investment, encouraged private investment, used government investment to play a catalytic role, and guided more funding toward areas that strengthen the economic foundation, enhance sustainability, and improve people’s lives.

China’s in-operation high-speed railways have grown from over 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers, accounting for two thirds of the world’s total.Our expreways have grown from 96,000 to 136,000 kilometers.We have built or upgraded 1.27 million kilometers of rural roads, built 46 new civilian airports, and begun work on 122 major water conservancy projects.We have completed the latest round of rural power grid upgrading, and put in place the largest mobile broadband network in the world.

Over the past five years, new growth drivers have rapidly grown in strength.Economic growth, in the past mainly driven by investment and exports, is now being fueled by consumption, investment, and exports.In the past dependent mainly on secondary industry, growth is now powered by a combination of the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries.This is a major structural transformation that for years our sights have been set on, but we were always unable to achieve.

推进供给侧结构性改革，必须破除要素市场化配置障碍，降低制度性交易成本。针对长期存在的重审批、轻监管、弱服务问题，我们持续深化“放管服”改革，加快转变政府职能，减少微观管理、直接干预，注重加强宏观调控、市场监管和公共服务。五年来，国务院部门行政审批事项削减44%，非行政许可审批彻底终结，中央政府层面核准的企业投资项目减少90%，行政审批中介服务事项压减74%，职业资格许可和认定大幅减少。中央政府定价项目缩减80%，地方政府定价项目缩减50%以上。全面改革工商登记、注册资本等商事制度，企业开办时间缩短三分之一以上。创新和加强事中事后监管，实行“双随机、一公开”，随机抽取检查人员和检查对象、及时公开查处结果，提高了监管效能和公正性。推行“互联网+政务服务”，实施一站式服务等举措。营商环境持续改善，市场活力明显增强，群众办事更加便利。

Advancing supply-side structural reform demands removing barriers to market based allocation of the factors of production and reducing government-imposed transaction costs.

To addre the longstanding iues of exceive emphasis on approval procedures, insufficient attention to regulatory procees, and a failure to provide strong services, we have been consistently deepening reforms to streamline administration, delegate powers, improve regulation, and strengthen services.

We have sped up efforts to transform government functions, reduced micromanagement and direct intervention, and done more to improve macro regulation, market regulation, and public services.

Over the past five years, the number of items subject to approval by State Council offices and departments has been slashed by 44 percent, the practice of non-administrative approval has been completely put to a stop, the number of busine investment items subject to central government approval has been cut by 90 percent, intermediary services needed for obtaining government approval have been cut by 74 percent, and the requirements for profeional qualification approval and accreditation have been significantly reduced.The number of items for which central government sets the prices has been cut back by 80 percent, and local government-priced items have been cut down by over 50 percent.Comprehensive reforms have swept the busine system, including busine and capital registration, reducing the time it takes to start a busine by over a third.

We have developed new and better ways of conducting compliance oversight, and introduced a new model of oversight combining randomly selected inspectors who inspect randomly selected entities and the prompt release of results.These efforts have made regulation more effective and impartial.

We have rolled out the Internet Plus Government Services model and adopted measures such as the one-stop service model.

Thanks to the above reforms, the busine environment has consistently improved, the market is more energized, and people can acce government services more easily.

（三）坚持创新引领发展，着力激发社会创造力，整体创新能力和效率显著提高。实施创新驱动发展战略，优化创新生态，形成多主体协同、全方位推进的创新局面。扩大科研机构和高校科研自主权，改进科研项目和经费管理，深化科技成果权益管理改革。支持北京、上海建设科技创新中心，新设14个国家自主创新示范区，带动形成一批区域创新高地。以企业为主体加强技术创新体系建设，涌现一批具有国际竞争力的创新型企业和新型研发机构。深入开展大众创业、万众创新，实施普惠性支持政策，完善孵化体系。各类市场主体达到9800多万户，五年增加70%以上。国内有效发明专利拥有量增加两倍，技术交易额翻了一番。我国科技创新由跟跑为主转向更多领域并跑、领跑，成为全球瞩目的创新创业热土。

Third, with a commitment to innovation-driven development, and a focus on unlocking public creativity, we have achieved a remarkable improvement in our general capacity for making innovations and for seeing that innovation delivers.

We have put into action the innovation-driven development strategy and worked to build a better ecosystem for innovation, giving shape to innovation involving multiple actors making acro-the-board advances.

Research institutes and universities now have greater say over their research; research projects and funding are better managed, and the way of managing rights and interests relating to scientific and technological advances has undergone reform.

We have supported Beijing and Shanghai in building themselves into centers for scientific and technological innovation, and set up 14 new national innovation demonstration zones, thus creating a number of regional innovation hubs.

With enterprises as the main actors, we have boosted the development of a system for technological innovation.China has seen the emergence of a number of world-cla innovative enterprises and new-type R&D institutions.

We have launched and taken bold moves in the nationwide busine startup and innovation initiative, adopted support policies designed to benefit all entrepreneurs and innovators, and improved the incubation system.

China’s market entities, all types included, now total over 98 million, an increase of more than 70 percent over the past five years.The number of in-force Chinese invention patents iued in China has tripled, and the volume of technology transactions has doubled.In the global race of scientific and technological innovation, China has shifted place, from following others to keeping pace and even leading the pack in more and more areas.Our country has become a globally recognized fertile ground for innovation and busine ventures.

（四）坚持全面深化改革，着力破除体制机制弊端，发展动力不断增强。国企国资改革扎实推进，公司制改革基本完成，兼并重组、压减层级、提质增效取得积极进展。国有企业效益明显好转，去年利润增长23.5%。深化能源、铁路、盐业等领域改革。放宽非公有制经济市场准入。建立不动产统一登记制度。完善产权保护制度。财税改革取得重大进展，全面推行财政预决算公开，构建以共享税为主的中央和地方收入分配格局，启动中央与地方财政事权和支出责任划分改革，中央对地方一般性转移支付规模大幅增加、专项转移支付项目减少三分之二。基本放开利率管制，建立存款保险制度，推动大中型商业银行设立普惠金融事业部，深化政策性、开发性金融机构改革，强化金融监管协调机制。完善城乡义务教育均衡发展促进机制，改革考试招生制度。建立统一的城乡居民基本养老、医疗保险制度，实现机关事业单位和企业养老保险制度并轨。出台划转部分国有资本充实社保基金方案。实施医疗、医保、医药联动改革，全面推开公立医院综合改革，取消长期实行的药品加成政策，药品医疗器械审批制度改革取得突破。推进农村承包地“三权”分置改革、确权面积超过80%，改革重要农产品收储制度。完善主体功能区制度，建立生态文明绩效考评和责任追究制度，推行河长制、湖长制，开展省级以下环保机构垂直管理制度改革试点。各领域改革的深化，推动了经济社会持续健康发展。

Fourth, with a commitment to deepening reform acro the board, we have taken major steps to remove institutional barriers, thus steadily boosting the driving forces powering development.

Solid progre has been made in the reform of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and state aets; the reform to convert SOEs into standard companies has now basically been completed; and efforts to merge and restructure, reduce the organizational levels in, and improve the quality and efficiency of SOEs have made good progre.The performance of SOEs has been much improved, with profits last year growing by 23.5 percent.We have deepened reform in sectors like energy, rail, and the salt industry.

Market acce to the non-public sector has been expanded.An integrated registration system for immovable property has been put in place, and the property rights protection system has been improved.

Fiscal and tax reforms have made major progre.We have introduced the requirement nationwide for government budgets and final accounts to be released to the public, developed a system based mainly on tax sharing for dividing revenue between central and local government, launched the reform to define the respective financial powers and expenditure responsibilities of central and local government, and significantly scaled up general transfer payments from central to local government, while also cutting by two thirds the number of items for which special purpose transfer payments are made.

We have largely lifted controls on interest rates, established a deposit insurance system, encouraged large and medium commercial banks to set up inclusive finance divisions, deepened the reform of policy-backed and development financial institutions, and strengthened the mechanisms for coordinating financial regulation.

We have improved the mechanisms for promoting more balanced development of urban and rural compulsory education, and reformed the examination and enrollment systems.

We have established unified basic pension and health insurance schemes for rural and non-working urban residents, and brought government office and public institution pension schemes into line with enterprise schemes.We have unveiled a plan for appropriating a share of state capital to replenish social security funds. We have carried out coordinated medical service, medical insurance, and pharmaceutical reforms.We have introduced a comprehensive reform in all public hospitals, rescinded the policy, long in effect, of allowing hospitals to profit from higher priced medicine, and made breakthroughs in the reform of approval systems for medicine and medical devices.

We have pursued reform to separate rural land ownership rights, contract rights, and use rights, and already seen that over 80 percent of contracted rural land covered by this reform.We have reformed the system for purchasing and stockpiling important agricultural products.

We have improved the functional zoning system, established performance evaluation and accountability systems for ecological conservation, and instituted the river chief and lake chief systems.We have piloted a system placing government environmental offices below the provincial level directly under the supervision of provincial-level environmental offices.

The deepening of reform in each and every field has given a boost to sustained, healthy economic and social development.

（五）坚持对外开放的基本国策，着力实现合作共赢，开放型经济水平显著提升。倡导和推动共建“一带一路”，发起创办亚投行，设立丝路基金，一批重大互联互通、经贸合作项目落地。设立上海等11个自贸试验区，一批改革试点成果向全国推广。改革出口退税负担机制、退税增量全部由中央财政负担，设立13个跨境电商综合试验区，国际贸易“单一窗口”覆盖全国，货物通关时间平均缩短一半以上，进出口实现回稳向好。外商投资由审批制转向负面清单管理，限制性措施削减三分之二。外商投资结构优化，高技术产业占比提高一倍。加大引智力度，来华工作的外国专家增加40%。引导对外投资健康发展。推进国际产能合作，高铁、核电等装备走向世界。新签和升级8个自由贸易协定。沪港通、深港通、债券通相继启动，人民币加入国际货币基金组织特别提款权货币篮子，人民币国际化迈出重要步伐。中国开放的扩大，有力促进了自身发展，给世界带来重大机遇。

Fifth, with a commitment to China’s fundamental policy of opening-up, we have focused on promoting win-win cooperation, and significantly improved the performance of our country’s open economy.

We have launched and worked with other countries in the Belt and Road Initiative.We initiated the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, set up the Silk Road Fund, and launched a number of major connectivity and economic and trade cooperation initiatives. Beginning with the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone, we have established 11 pilot free trade zones.A number of succeful outcomes from pilot reforms are now being applied nationwide.

We have reformed the cost-sharing mechanism for export tax rebates, and the central government now pays the full sum of increases in export tax rebates.We have set up 13 comprehensive experimental zones for cro-border e-commerce.Single-window document proceing for international trade has been applied nationwide, cutting the average time for customs clearance by over half.Imports and exports have rebounded and steadily grown.

For foreign investment, we have replaced the approval system with a negative list model, and have cut restrictions by two thirds.The composition of foreign investment has improved, with investment in high-tech industries doubling.We have intensified efforts to attract talent, and the number of foreign experts working in China has grown by 40 percent.

We have guided the healthy development of outbound investment.We have moved forward with international cooperation on production capacity; high-speed rail, nuclear power, and other types of Chinese equipment have entered international markets.We have signed or upgraded eight free trade agreements.We have launched the Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect, the Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect, and the Bond Connect.The RMB was included in the IMF’s Special Drawing Rights basket, representing a major step forward in its internationalization.

China has opened its doors wider to the world.This opening has played a powerful role in our own development, and it presents important opportunities for the rest of the world.

（六）坚持实施区域协调发展和新型城镇化战略，着力推动平衡发展，新的增长极增长带加快成长。积极推进京津冀协同发展、长江经济带发展，编制实施相关规划，建设一批重点项目。出台一系列促进西部开发、东北振兴、中部崛起、东部率先发展的改革创新举措。加大对革命老区、民族地区、边疆地区、贫困地区扶持力度，加强援藏援疆援青工作。海洋保护和开发有序推进。实施重点城市群规划，促进大中小城市和小城镇协调发展。绝大多数城市放宽落户限制，居住证制度全面实施，城镇基本公共服务向常住人口覆盖。城乡区域发展协调性显著增强。

Sixth, with a commitment to implementing the coordinated regional development and new urbanization strategies, we have promoted more balanced development, and seen new growth poles and belts developing faster.

We have actively pursued coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei, and the development of the Yangtze Economic Belt, drawn up and implemented related plans, and undertaken a number of key projects.We have unveiled a whole series of reforms and innovative measures to see the western region develop, northeast China revitalized, the central region rise, and the eastern region spearhead development.We have stepped up support for old revolutionary base areas, areas with large ethnic minority populations, border areas, and poor areas, and strengthened aid work in Tibet, Xinjiang, and Qinghai.We have steadily moved forward with protecting and developing maritime resources.

We have implemented plans for developing major city clusters, and pursued more balanced development of small, medium, and large cities, and small towns.The vast majority of cities in China have eased restrictions on permanent residency.A residence card system has been put into effect nationwide, and basic urban public services now cover all permanent residents.Development between urban and rural areas and between regions has become better coordinated.

（七）坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，着力保障和改善民生，人民群众获得感不断增强。在财力紧张情况下，持续加大民生投入。全面推进精准扶贫、精准脱贫，健全中央统筹、省负总责、市县抓落实的工作机制，中央财政五年投入专项扶贫资金2800多亿元。实施积极的就业政策，重点群体就业得到较好保障。坚持教育优先发展，财政性教育经费占国内生产总值比例持续超过4%。改善农村义务教育薄弱学校办学条件，提高乡村教师待遇，营养改善计划惠及3600多万农村学生。启动世界一流大学和一流学科建设。重点高校专项招收农村和贫困地区学生人数由1万人增加到10万人。加大对各类学校家庭困难学生资助力度，4.3亿人次受益。劳动年龄人口平均受教育年限提高到10.5年。居民基本医保人均财政补助标准由240元提高到450元，大病保险制度基本建立、已有1700多万人次受益，异地就医住院费用实现直接结算，分级诊疗和医联体建设加快推进。持续合理提高退休人员基本养老金。提高低保、优抚等标准，完善社会救助制度，近6000万低保人员和特困群众基本生活得到保障。建立困难和重度残疾人“两项补贴”制度，惠及2100多万人。实施全面两孩政策。加快发展文化事业，文化产业年均增长13%以上。全民健身广泛开展，体育健儿勇创佳绩。

Seventh, with a commitment to a people-centered development philosophy, we have endeavored to ensure and improve living standards and seen the growing satisfaction of the people.

Despite fiscal constraints, we have consistently increased spending on improving people’s living standards.We have made comprehensive moves in targeted poverty reduction and alleviation, and built a robust working mechanism with central government responsible for overall planning, provincial-level governments auming overall responsibility, and city and county governments responsible for program implementation.Over the past five years, the central government has appropriated over 280 billion yuan to fund poverty reduction.

We have implemented a proactive employment policy and ensured that key target groups have better acce to employment.

We have been committed to prioritizing the development of education; and government spending on education has remained above four percent of GDP.In rural areas, we have improved conditions in badly built and poorly operated schools providing compulsory education, and increased the pay packages of teachers, and our Better Nutrition Plan has benefited more than 36 million students.We have launched an initiative to build world-cla universities and world-cla disciplines.The number of students from rural and poor areas enrolled in key universities through special programs has grown from 10,000 to 100,000.We have increased financial aid to students from financially-challenged families studying in all types of schools, giving out 430 million grants in total.The average length of schooling of the working-age population has been raised to 10.5 years.

Government subsidies for basic medical insurance schemes have been increased from 240 to 450 yuan per person; the serious disease insurance system is basically in place, and has already benefited more than 17 million people; the costs of hospitalization can now be settled where incurred; and the development of tiered medical diagnosis and treatment and healthcare consortiums has picked up pace.

We have consistently made appropriate increases to basic old-age pensions for retirees.We have raised subsistence allowances, benefits for entitled groups, and other allowances, and improved the social aistance system, ensuring the livelihoods of close to 60 million people on subsistence allowances or living in extreme poverty.We have put in place a system to provide living allowances for people with disabilities in financial difficulty and nursing care subsidies for people with serious disabilities, a system that has benefited over 21 million people.All couples can now have two children.

We have moved faster to develop cultural programs, and seen the cultural industry grow at an average annual rate of over 13 percent.We have carried out Fitne-for-All programs, which are now in full swing; and Chinese athletes have excelled in competition.

（八）坚持人与自然和谐发展，着力治理环境污染，生态文明建设取得明显成效。树立绿水青山就是金山银山理念，以前所未有的决心和力度加强生态环境保护。重拳整治大气污染，重点地区细颗粒物（PM2.5）平均浓度下降30%以上。加强散煤治理，推进重点行业节能减排，71%的煤电机组实现超低排放。优化能源结构，煤炭消费比重下降8.1个百分点，清洁能源消费比重提高6.3个百分点。提高燃油品质，淘汰黄标车和老旧车2000多万辆。加强重点流域海域水污染防治，化肥农药使用量实现零增长。推进重大生态保护和修复工程，扩大退耕还林还草还湿，加强荒漠化、石漠化、水土流失综合治理。开展中央环保督察，严肃查处违法案件。积极推动《巴黎协定》签署生效，我国在应对全球气候变化中发挥了重要作用。

Eighth, with a commitment to achieving harmony between human and nature, we have taken major steps to addre pollution, and achieved notable progre in ecological conservation.

We have established the notion that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable aets and acted with resolve and intensity as never before to strengthen environmental protection. We have struck out hard against air pollution, thus achieving a drop of over 30 percent in the average density of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in key areas.We have done more to reduce the use of low quality coal, pushed for progre in energy conservation and emiion reductions in key industries, and seen 71 percent of coal-fired power plants achieving ultra-low emiions.We have improved the energy mix, cutting the share of coal consumption by 8.1 percentage points and increasing the share of clean energy consumption by 6.3 percentage points.We have improved fuel quality, and taken over 20 million high-emiion and old vehicles off the roads.

We have strengthened prevention and control measures against water pollution in key drainage basins and sea areas, and achieved zero growth in chemical fertilizer and pesticide use.We have pursued major ecological conservation and restoration projects, expanded the coverage of initiatives to turn marginal farmland into forest, graland, and wetlands, and intensified comprehensive efforts to curb desertification, rock desertification, and soil erosion.

We have launched central government inspections on environmental protection and investigated and prosecuted cases involving legal violations.

We worked toward and saw that the Paris Agreement was put into force; China has played an important role in responding to global climate change.

（九）坚持依法全面履行政府职能，着力加强和创新社会治理，社会保持和谐稳定。提请全国人大常委会制定修订法律95部，制定修订行政法规195部，修改废止一大批部门规章。省、市、县政府部门制定公布权责清单。开展国务院大督查和专项督查，对积极作为、成效突出的给予表彰和政策激励，对不作为的严肃问责。创新城乡基层治理。完善信访工作制度。扩大法律援助范围。促进安全生产领域改革发展，事故总量和重特大事故数量持续下降。改革完善食品药品监管，强化风险全程管控。加强地震、特大洪灾等防灾减灾救灾工作，健全分级负责、相互协同的应急机制，最大程度降低了灾害损失。加强国家安全。健全社会治安防控体系，依法打击各类违法犯罪，有力维护了公共安全。

Ninth, with a commitment to fully performing government functions in accordance with law, we have focused on enhancing and developing new forms of social governance, and ensured social harmony and stability.

We have submitted proposals to the NPC Standing Committee on formulating or revising 95 laws, formulated or revised 195 sets of administrative regulations, and revised or rescinded a large number of government department regulations.Lists of powers and obligations have been formulated and released by provincial, city, and county government departments.We have introduced State Council accountability inspections and special inspections, and commended and created policy incentives for those working proactively and doing an outstanding job, while holding strictly to account those failing to fulfill their duties.

We have been making innovations in urban and rural primary level governance.The system for handling public complaints has been improved.The coverage of legal aid has been expanded.We have promoted reform and improvements in workplace safety, and seen a continued drop in both the total number of accidents and the number of serious and major accidents.We have reformed and improved food and drug regulation and strengthened risk control over all related procees.

We have strengthened work on preventing, reducing, and providing relief for disasters, including earthquakes and serious flooding, and built stronger emergency response mechanisms employing a division of responsibilities between levels and close coordination.With this we have minimized the damage and lo inflicted by disasters to the greatest poible extent.

China’s national security is better safeguarded.We have improved the crime prevention and control system, worked in accordance with law to hit back against all types of crime and illegal behavior, and effectively safeguarded public security.

贯彻落实党中央全面从严治党部署，加强党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争。深入开展党的群众路线教育实践活动、“三严三实”专题教育、“两学一做”学习教育，认真落实党中央八项规定精神，持之以恒纠正“四风”，严格执行国务院“约法三章”。严控新建政府性楼堂馆所和财政供养人员总量，“三公”经费大幅压减。加强行政监察和审计监督。坚决查处和纠正违法违规行为，严厉惩处腐败分子，反腐败斗争压倒性态势已经形成并巩固发展。

We have implemented the Party Central Committee’s decisions on exercising full and strict Party self-governance and done more to improve Party conduct, build a clean government, and fight corruption.We have taken extensive action in raising awarene of and putting into practice the Party’s ma line, in the Three Stricts and Three Earnests* campaign, and in the drive to see that Party members develop a good understanding of the Party Constitution, Party regulations, and General Secretary Xi Jinping’s major policy addrees and live up to Party standards.We have worked hard to ensure compliance with the Central Committee’s eight-point decision on improving conduct and staying engaged with the people and worked nonstop to addre the practice of formalities for formalities’ sake, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance.We have strictly enforced the three-point State Council decision on curbing government spending.

(* The Three Stricts and Three Earnests refers to the need to be strict with oneself in practicing self-cultivation, using power, and exercising self-discipline; and to be earnest in one’s thinking, work, and behavior.)

We have enforced strict controls over the construction of new government buildings and over the total number of people on the government payroll; and spending on official overseas visits, official vehicles, and official hospitality has been significantly reduced.

We have strengthened government supervision and auditing-based oversight.We have taken strong steps to investigate, prosecute, and addre violations of laws and regulations and severely punished those who have committed corruption.The anti-corruption campaign has built into a crushing tide, a tide with stronger and growing momentum. 各位代表！

Fellow Deputies,

过去五年，民族、宗教、侨务等工作创新推进。支持民族地区加快发展，民族团结进步事业取得长足进展。积极引导宗教与社会主义社会相适应。海外侨胞和归侨侨眷在国家现代化建设中作出了独特贡献。

Over the past five years, we have made new improvements in work related to ethnic groups, religion, and overseas Chinese nationals.We have supported faster development in areas with large ethnic minority populations, and have seen efforts to promote ethnic unity and progre truly paying off.We have actively guided religions in adapting to socialist society.Overseas Chinese nationals, Chinese nationals who have returned from overseas, and the relatives of overseas Chinese nationals who reside in China have made their own unique contributions to the country’s modernization.

过去五年，在党中央、中央军委领导下，强军兴军开创新局面。制定新形势下军事战略方针，召开古田全军政治工作会议，深入推进政治建军、改革强军、科技兴军、依法治军，人民军队实现政治生态重塑、组织形态重塑、力量体系重塑、作风形象重塑。有效遂行海上维权、反恐维稳、抢险救灾、国际维和、亚丁湾护航、人道主义救援等重大任务。各方配合基本完成裁减军队员额30万任务。军事装备现代化水平显著提升，军民融合深度发展。人民军队面貌焕然一新，在中国特色强军之路上迈出坚实步伐。

Over the past five years, under the leadership of the Party Central Committee and the Central Military Commiion, we have embarked on a new stage in strengthening and energizing the armed forces.We have developed a military strategy for new conditions; convened the Gutian military political work meeting; and taken extensive steps to see that the armed forces are built on political loyalty, strengthened through reform and technology, and run in accordance with law.As a result, our people’s armed forces have achieved a remodeling of their political ecosystem, of the way they are organized, of the structure of their forces, and of their conduct and image.

We have undertaken major miions involving the protection of maritime rights, countering terrorism and maintaining stability, disaster rescue and relief, international peacekeeping, escort services in the Gulf of Aden, and humanitarian rescue.With the cooperation of all those involved, we have basically completed the task of reducing the armed forces by 300,000 troops.Military equipment has been significantly modernized, and we have deepened military-civilian integration.The people’s armed forces, full of new drive, have taken solid strides toward building themselves into a powerful military with Chinese characteristics.

过去五年，港澳台工作取得新进展。“一国两制”实践不断丰富和发展，宪法和基本法权威在港澳进一步彰显，内地与港澳交流合作深入推进，港珠澳大桥全线贯通，香港、澳门保持繁荣稳定。坚持一个中国原则和“九二共识”，加强两岸经济文化交流合作，实现两岸领导人历史性会晤。坚决反对和遏制“台独”分裂势力，有力维护了台海和平稳定。

Over the past five years, fresh progre has been made in work related to Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan.The practice of “one country, two systems” has been consistently enriched and developed; the authority of China’s Constitution and the basic laws of the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions has been further raised in these two regions.Exchanges and cooperation between the mainland and Hong Kong and Macao have been steadily enhanced; the construction of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge has been completed, and Hong Kong and Macao have thrived and remained stable.

We have upheld the one-China principle and the 1992 Consensus, strengthened cro-Strait economic and cultural exchanges and cooperation, and held a historic meeting between the leaders of the two sides.We have resolutely opposed and deterred separatist forces advocating Taiwan independence, firmly safeguarding peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait.

过去五年，中国特色大国外交全面推进。成功举办首届“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛、亚太经济合作组织领导人非正式会议、二十国集团领导人杭州峰会、金砖国家领导人厦门会晤等重大主场外交。习近平主席等国家领导人出访多国，出席联合国系列峰会、气候变化大会、世界经济论坛、东亚合作领导人系列会议等重大活动，全方位外交布局深入展开。倡导构建人类命运共同体，为全球治理体系变革贡献更多中国智慧。经济外交、人文交流卓有成效。坚定维护国家主权和海洋权益。中国作为负责任大国，在解决国际和地区热点问题上发挥了重要建设性作用，为世界和平与发展作出新的重大贡献。

Over the past five years, we have pursued distinctively Chinese major country diplomacy on all fronts.We succefully hosted the first Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation, the 22nd APEC Economic Leaders Meeting, the G20 Hangzhou Summit, the BRICS Xiamen Summit, and other major diplomatic events at home.

President Xi Jinping and other Chinese leaders have visited many countries and attended major events including United Nations summits, Climate Change Conferences, World Economic Forum meetings, and the East Asian Leaders Meetings on Cooperation.China’s diplomatic agenda has been further advanced on every front.

China has called for building a community with a shared future for mankind and has contributed more Chinese ideas to the reform of the global governance system.Notable achievements have been made in our country’s economic diplomacy and people-to-people and cultural exchanges.We have been resolute in upholding China’s sovereignty and maritime rights and interests.As a responsible major country, China has played a constructive role in addreing international and regional hotspot iues, thus making significant new contributions to global peace and development.

各位代表！

Fellow Deputies,

回顾过去五年，诸多矛盾交织叠加，各种风险挑战接踵而至，国内外很多情况是改革开放以来没有碰到过的，我国改革发展成就实属来之不易。这是以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导的结果，是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想科学指引的结果，是全党全军全国各族人民团结奋斗的结果。我代表国务院，向全国各族人民，向各民主党派、各人民团体和各界人士，表示诚挚感谢！向香港特别行政区同胞、澳门特别行政区同胞、台湾同胞和海外侨胞，表示诚挚感谢！向关心和支持中国现代化建设的各国政府、国际组织和各国朋友，表示诚挚感谢！

Looking back at the past five years, we have encountered a great many interwoven problems and a stream of risks and challenges.Both at home and abroad, there have been many new developments, developments that we have not faced since reform and opening-up began.The achievements we have made in China’s reform and development have certainly not come easily.We owe them to the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, to the sound guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and to the concerted efforts of the Party, the military, and the people of all our nation’s ethnic groups.

On behalf of the State Council, I wish to expre sincere thanks to the people of all our ethnic groups, and to all other political parties, people’s organizations, and public figures from all sectors of society.I expre our sincere appreciation to our fellow countrymen and women in the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions, in Taiwan, and overseas.I also wish to expre our sincere thanks to the governments of other countries, international organizations, and friends from all over the world who have shown understanding and support for China in its endeavor to modernize.

安不忘危，兴不忘忧。我们清醒认识到，我国仍处于并将长期处于社会主义初级阶段，仍是世界最大发展中国家，发展不平衡不充分的一些突出问题尚未解决。经济增长内生动力还不够足，创新能力还不够强，发展质量和效益不够高，一些企业特别是中小企业经营困难，民间投资增势疲弱，部分地区经济下行压力较大，金融等领域风险隐患不容忽视。脱贫攻坚任务艰巨，农业基础仍然薄弱，城乡区域发展和收入分配差距依然较大。重特大安全生产事故时有发生。在空气质量、环境卫生、食品药品安全和住房、教育、医疗、就业、养老等方面，群众还有不少不满意的地方。政府职能转变还不到位。政府工作存在不足，有些改革举措和政策落实不力，一些干部服务意识和法治意识不强、工作作风不实、担当精神不够，形式主义、官僚主义不同程度存在。群众和企业对办事难、乱收费意见较多。一些领域不正之风和腐败问题仍然多发。我们一定要以对国家和人民高度负责的精神，以不畏艰难的勇气、坚忍不拔的意志，尽心竭力做好工作，使人民政府不负人民重托！

As the Chinese saying goes, when all is calm, forget not danger; when all is well, be awake to woes.We are keenly aware that China is still in the primary stage of socialism and will remain so for a long time to come, that it remains the largest developing country in the world, and that it faces a number of acute problems caused by unbalanced and inadequate development that so far have remained unsolved.

第13篇：水调歌头 中英对照

Thinking of You Ë®µ÷¸èÍ·

When will the moon be clear and bright?

With a cup of wine in my hand, I ask the blue sky.

I don\'t know what season it would be in the heavens on this night.

I\'d like to ride the wind to fly home.

Yet I fear the crystal and jade mansions are much too high and cold for me.

Dancing with my moon-lit shadow,

It does not seem like the human world.

The moon rounds the red mansion Stoops to silk-pad doors,

Shines upon the sleeple Bearing no grudge,

Why does the moon tend to be full when people are apart?

People may have sorrow or joy, be near or far apart,

The moon may be dim or bright, wax or wane,

This has been going on since the beginning of time.

May we all be bleed with longevity Though far apart, we are still able to share the beauty of the moon together.

--Read by Yun Feng

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第14篇：房产证(中英对照)

中华人民共和国房屋所有权证

People’s Republic of China Proof of Housing Ownership 中华人民共和国建设部监制

Formulated under the Supervision of the Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China

建房注册号：3200

1Registration Number of House Construction: 32001

房权证字第

根据《中华人民共和国宪法》、《中华人民共和国城市房地产管理法》，为保护房屋所有权人的合法权益，对所有权人申请登记的本证所列房产，经审查属实，特发此证。 According to the Constitution of the People\'s Republic of China and the Law of the People\'s Republic of China on the Administration of Urban Real Estate, in order to protect the legal rights and interests of the co-owner, the real estate listed in this certificate applied by the house co-owner to be registered is examined to be authentic, and this certificate is hereby iued.发证机关（盖章）：南京市房产管理局

Iued by: Nanjing Real Estate Administrative Bureau (seal)

填发单位（盖章）：南京市房屋产权监理处

Iuing unit (seal): City of Nanjing Real Estate Office 填发日期： Iuing date:房地产平面图 House map

注意事项 Notes

1,本证是房屋所有权的合法证件。房屋所有权受中华人民共和国法律保护。

This certificate is a legal certificate of the house ownership and the house ownership is protected by laws of the People\'s Republic of China.

2，房屋所有权人必须严格遵守国家有关房地产的法律，法规和规章。

The house owner shall strictly comply with national laws, rules and regulations related to the real estate.

3，房地产发生转移（买卖、交换、赠与、继承、析产、划拨、转让、判决等）、变更（房地产权利人法定名称改变或者房屋坐落的街道、门牌号发生变化、房屋部分改建、拆除、倒塌、焚毁是房屋现状变更）、设定他项权利（房地产抵押权、典权等）以及房地产权利因房屋或者土地灭失、土地使用年限届满、他项权利终止等，权利人应当在规定的期限内持有关证件到房屋所有地人民政府房地产产权登记机关申请登记。

Where the real estate is transferred (sold and purchased, exchanged, donated, inherited, divided, transferred and judged, etc.), changed (the legal name of the obligee is changed, or the street name

or house number of the house are changed, or the house is is rebuilt partly, dismantled, collapsed or burned down), set with other rights (mortgage right of real estate and pawn right, etc.), and the real estate right is terminated due to loes of the house or land, expiry of the land-using term and termination of other rights, the obligee shall apply for registration at the local real estate ownership registration authority within the stipulated term.4，除发证机关及填发机关外，其他单位或个人不得在此证上注记事项或加盖印章。

Except the house registration authority, other units or individuals are prohibited to record matters or seal on the certificate.

5，房地产管理部门因工作需要检查产权时，房屋所有权证持证人应出示此证。

Where the real estate administration authority needs to check the property right, the holder of the house ownership certificate shall show the certificate.

6，本证应妥善保管，如有遗失、毁损的，须及时申请补发。

This certificate shall be kept carefully, please apply for reiuing the certificate if lost or damaged.

编号： Serial No.

第15篇：蔬菜水果中英对照

蔬菜水果中英对照.txt你出生的时候，你哭着，周围的人笑着；你逝去的时候，你笑着，而周围的人在哭！喜欢某些人需要一小时,爱上某些人只需要一天,而忘记一个人得用一生leek 韭菜

caraway/coriander 香菜

spinach 菠菜

cabbage 卷心菜

chinese cabbage白菜

celery 芹菜

cre 水芹

cauliflower 菜花

broccoli 西兰花

lettuce 生菜/莴苣

butterhead 球生菜

mustard leaf 芥菜/芥末

romaine 生菜

shepherd\'s purse 荠菜

water shield 莼菜

kale 甘蓝菜

rape/cole 油菜

mater convolvulus 空心菜

dried lily flower 金针菜

tarragon 蒿菜

agar-agar 紫菜

greens 青菜

day-lily buds 黄花菜

hair-like seaweed 发菜

preserved szechuan pickle 榨菜

salted vegetable 雪里红

turnip 白萝卜

carrot 胡萝卜

summer radish 水萝卜

potato 土豆

tomato 番茄

eggplant茄子

cucumber 黄瓜

gherkin 小黄瓜

loofah 丝瓜

pumpkin 南瓜

bitter gourd 苦瓜

white gourd冬瓜

sweet potato 地瓜

long crooked squash 菜瓜

string bean 四季豆

pea 豌豆

lentil/ hycacinth bean 扁豆

soy 大豆

marrow bean 菜豆

mung bean 绿豆

soybean 黄豆

kidney bean 芸豆

green soy bean毛豆

soybean sprout 黄豆芽

mung bean sprout绿豆芽

bean sprout 豆芽

lotus root 莲藕

water caltrop 菱角

lotus seed 莲子

garlic 蒜

garlic sprout 蒜苗/苔

green pepper 青椒

hot pepper 辣椒

marrow 西葫芦

onion 洋葱

ginger 生姜

garlic 大蒜

garlic bulb 蒜头

scallion 青葱

wheat gluten 面筋

chive 香葱

sweet pepper 甜椒

toon香椿

water chestnut 荸荠

yam 山药

lily 百合

taro 芋头

cabbage mustard 芥兰

cane shoots 茭白

ginger 姜

dried ginger 干姜

asparagus 芦笋

bamboo sprout 竹笋

winter bamboo shoots 冬笋

button mushroom 草菇

mushroom / agaricus 蘑菇

dried mushroom / black mushroom 冬菇

champignon 香菇

needle mushroom / korean mushroom / japanese mushroom / enoki(日文) 金针菇 asparagus芦笋

dried bamboo shoot 笋干

tender leaves of chinese toon 香椿

fennel 茴香

(chinese chives) 韭黄

corn 玉米

aloe 芦荟

agaric 木耳

tremella / white fungus 白木耳

水果:

pineapple 凤梨

watermelon 西瓜

papaya 木瓜

betelnut 槟榔

chestnut 栗子

coconut 椰子

ponkan 碰柑

tangerine 橘子

mandarin orange 橘

sugar-cane 甘蔗

muskmelon 香瓜

shaddock 柚子

juice peach 水蜜桃

pear 梨子

peach 桃子

carambola 杨桃

cherry 樱桃

persimmon 柿子

apple 苹果

mango 芒果

fig 无花果

water caltrop 菱角

almond 杏仁

plum 李子

honey-dew melon 哈密瓜

loquat 枇杷

olive 橄榄

rambutan 红毛丹

durian 榴梿

strawberry 草莓

grape 葡萄

grapefruit 葡萄柚 lichee / lychee 荔枝longan 龙眼 wax-apple 莲雾 guava 番石榴 banana 香蕉

第16篇：中英对照译文

《天机·富春山居图》全球公映devia电影系列配件火热上市

Switch to Open Worldwide, Devia Switch Series Acceories to the Market 天机·富春山居图：Switch (Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains)

6月9日首映：Premiered on June 9th

Devia

鼎力支持，邀您共享：Full supports & invites you to enjoy it.

全国独家授权：Exclusive authorization in China

联合推出，原装正版：Published jointly, original & authentic

iPhone 5/4S, 三星S4：iPhone 5/4S, SAMAUNG Galaxy S4

富春山居图系列保护壳：Switch Series Case

谍海迷情，夺画诛心，今夏最受千万影迷期待的3D巨制《天机·富春山居图》已火热上映，香港缉私署特工刘德华，暗中执行“天机”计划，临危受命的中国人保高管张静初饰，护宝一波三折。神秘女郎林志玲，百变魅惑，却失落真心，幕后冷血黑手佟大为，奢血如命，终落败归尘。一场恩怨情仇， 一场生死对决，随着《富春山居图》的上映火爆暑期档大银幕。

New 3D action film, Switch (Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains), starring Andy Lau, Chiling Lin, Zhang Jingchu and Tong Dawei, will be released in China on June 9, 2013.Switch speaks of a top Hong Kong agent, Xiao Jinghan (Andy Lau), and his wife, Lin Yuyan (Zhang Jingchu), who both aim to protect a nationally treasured Chinese masterpiece, the “Fuchun Mountains” painting.This soon attracts a Japanese mafia spy, Lisa (Chiling Lin), who dwells between good and evil.Yamamoto (Tong Dawei), the one behind all the evil machinations, slowly reveals himself throughout the story.With the screening of Switch, the love and hate relationships, a life and death battle, will fire a storm on the summer season screen.数码配件·黄金展位合作伙伴: Digital acceories · gold booth partner

正值电影热映，来自东莞市思腾电子有限公司旗下的数码配件先锋品牌devia与《天机·富春山居图》展开最为深度的合作，顺势推出iPhone4S/

5、三星S4《富春山居图》系列保护壳， 打造数码配件潮流品牌的经典产品，也将为广大影迷和数码需求者的朋友，带来具有潮流、风尚的数码配件。

With the hot release of Switch, Devia, the pioneering digital acceories brand

of Dongguan Siteng Electronics Co.Ltd., cooperates with Switch and launches Switch Series acceories for iPhone 5/4S, SAMSUNG S4, etc.Devia will not only create claic products for the digital acceories fashion brand but also bring trendy and stylish digital acceories to the ma of movies and digital fans.

DeviaiPhone5《富春山居图》系列保护壳

Devia Switch Series Case for iPhone 5

devia 于今夏6月9日推出iPhone4S/

5、三星S4《天机·富春山居图》主题系列背壳，该主题系列保护外壳采用国内领先的IMD工艺，画面鲜艳富有质感。德国优质进口的聚碳酸酯精工制作，防刮耐磨，手感优异。经典电影元素的使用，将是今夏数码配件最为夺目的焦点。

On June 9th this summer Devia is going to launch Switch Series Cases for iPhone 5/4S, SAMSUNG S4, etc.These cases are refined with IMD technique and high quality PC materials imported from Germany, bright-colored & textured, anti-scratch & abrasion.The use of claic movie factors will become the most eye-dazzling focus of this summer’s digital acceories.

DeviaiPhone4/4s《富春山居图》系列保护壳

Devia Switch Series Case for iPhone 4/4S

devia 3C数码配件覆盖苹果、三星、HTC、诺基亚、摩托罗拉、魅族、小米、华为、中兴、联想、步步高、OPPO等国内外品牌智能手机、平板电脑、电脑周边保护膜、保护壳、皮套等周边配件产品，是国内产品线最全，综合实力最强的配件品牌之一。Devia以做工精细、品质优良享誉业界、一直以来将时尚潮流的元素融入其中，赢得了广大数码配件的需求朋友的青睐。

Devia is one of the few brands in China with complete product lines and the strongest comprehensive power.She offers whole lines of 3C digital acceories for home and abroad smartphone and tablet PC brands such as Apple, SAMSUNG, HTC, Nokia, Motorola, Meizu, MI, Huawei, ZTE, Lenovo, BBK, OPPO, etc.Devia is well-known for her fine workmanship and high quality.As always, Devia fuses the stylish and trendy elements with her products and wins love from the maive digital acceories fans.

Devia三星S4《富春山居图》系列保护壳

Devia Switch Series Case for SAMSUNG S4

devia先锋品牌，敢于突破，敢于创新，敢于尝试，将与你一起关注《天机·富春山居图》的精彩演绎。

Devia, a pioneering brand, always has the courage to break through, innovate and attempt.She will pay close attention to the brilliant performance of Switch with you.

Devia三星S4《富春山居图》系列保护壳装机图

Devia Switch Series Case for SAMSUNG S4

devia在天猫商城驻有品牌的旗舰店，devia旗舰店已经推出《天机·富春山居图》系列保护壳，如需要的数码迷朋友可以登录关注。

Devia has opened her flagship store at T-MALL, which has already get the Switch Series Acceories on sale.Digital acceory fans can register in and look for what you like.

第17篇：文献中英对照

11.1 BMC Family Practice IF：2.032 一个实用临床试验的原理和设计，以评估家庭血压监测和降压药自滴定对控制不良的高血压的影响

摘要：

Lack of control of hypertension is one of the most prevalent problems encountered by general practitioners (GPs).Self-measured blood preure monitoring at home (SMBP) and self-titration of medication could be a good strategy to improve hypertension management, however, evidence is limited and not conclusive.We aimed to ae the effectivene, in the primary care setting, of an intervention that includes educational components, SMBP and self-titration of antihypertensive medication to decrease systolic blood preure compared to usual care, in a population with poorly controlled hypertension, during a 12-month period.

背景:高血压控制不足是全科医生遇到的最普遍的问题之一。家庭自测血压(SMBP)和药物自滴定可能是改善高血压管理的一个好策略，然而，证据有限，没有结论性。我们的目的是评估在基层医疗机构中，在高血压控制不足的人群中，相比于常规治疗，包含教育、SMBP和自滴定降压药的干预措施在12个月内降低收缩压的效果。

Methods: Pragmatic, controlled, randomized, unblinded clinical trial with two parallel groups aigned in a ratio of 1:1 to self-management (which includes educational components, SBMP and self-titration of antihypertensive medication based on a patient s GP s pre-established adjustment plan) or to usual care (with educational components too)

方法:采用实用的、随机对照非盲的临床试验，将两平行组按1:1的比例分配给自我管理组(其中包括教育成分、SBMP和基于患者的家庭医生预先制定的调整计划自我滴定降压药）或常规护理组(也包括教育成分)。

Discuion: If the data from this trial show positive results, the study may contribute to a change of strategy in the treatment of hypertension, focusing on the patient as the main actor to achieve blood preure control.Furthermore, this approach might contribute to the financial sustainability of the National Health Service

讨论:如果本试验数据显示为阳性，本研究可能有助于改变高血压治疗策略，以患者为主要角色控制血压。此外，这种做法可能有助于国家卫生服务的财政可持续性。

试验注册:本试验已在数据库中注册，编号EudraCT: 2016-003986-25。2017年5月5日注册 关键词:自我监测;血压;高血压；自我滴定；基层医疗；实用的临床试验

背景：

The presence of hypertension is one of the most important iues in the global burden of disease [1].In developed countries, the degree of control of hypertension has increased progreively over the last 15 years and has contributed to a decline in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality [2 8].However, a recent study carried out in 12 European countries showed that more than 50% of patients treated for hypertension continued to have uncontrolled blood preure (BP) [9] and that results are far from ideal.As a large part of hypertension management is carried out in primary care (PC) and it is one of the most prevalent problems encountered by General Practitioners (GP), interventions aimed at improving its management should preferably be made in this setting.Recent hypertension clinical guidelines put emphasis on self-measured blood preure monitoring (SMBP) by patients and on team-based systems to manage the condition [10].高血压的存在是全球疾病负担[1]中最重要的问题之一。在发达国家，高血压的控制程度在过去15年中逐步提高，心血管发病率和死亡率下降[2-8]。然而，最近在12个欧洲国家进行的一项研究表明，50%以上接受高血压治疗的患者仍然无法控制血压(BP)[9]，这一结果远非理想。由于高血压管理的很大一部分是在基层医疗(PC)中进行的，它是全科医生遇到的最普遍的问题之一，因此改善管理的干预在这种机构下进行可能更好。最近的高血压临床指南强调由患者在家庭自行测量血压(SMBP)和基于团队的系统来管理[10]。

Self-measured blood preure monitoring at home (SMBP) is practiced extensively nowadays.In the United Kingdom and Canada it is highly recommended by GPs and used by more than 30% of patients [11, 12].Systematic reviews have shown disparate information regarding the effectivene of SMBP alone in reducing blood preure (BP).On the other hand, self-monitoring in conjunction with co-interventions (including systematic medication titration by doctors, pharmacists, or patients; education; or lifestyle counseling) has been shown to lead to clinically significant BP reduction, which persists for at least 12 months.Neverthele, the effectivene of SMBP requires additional evaluation given that its definition in those studies is highly heterogeneous (different clinical protocols, different strategies for additional support and management) and given the fact that most studies have short follow-ups (1 year or le) [13, 14].

目前家庭自测血压广泛应用。在英国和加拿大，全科医生高度推荐它（家庭自测血压），超过30%的患者使用[11,12]。系统评价显示单独SMBP降低血压(BP)有效性的不同信息。另一方面，自我监测与联合干预相结合(包括医生、药剂师或患者的系统药物滴定;教育;或者生活方式咨询)已经被证明会引起显著临床意义的血压下降，至少持续12个月。然而，鉴于SMBP在那些研究中的定义高度异质性(不同的临床方案，不同的额外支持和管理策略)，并且考虑到大多数研究的随访时间较短(1年或更短)，SMBP的有效性需要额外的评估[13,14]。

Regarding home titration of antihypertensive medication, evidence is more limited and shows mixed results.Two clinical eays, the TASMINH2 [15]and the TASMINH-SR[16], both in the United Kingdom and developed in the primary care setting by the same research team, are some of the most recent and interesting clinical trials carried out in this field.In these studies, SMBP together with self-titrate medications (according to a previously agreed plan), combined with telemedicine components, was compared with usual care.In both studies systolic blood preure (SBP) decreased from baseline to 12 months, with significant differences between the intervention and control group (5.4 and 9.2 mmHg, respectively).Frequency of side effects was similar in both groups [15, 16].The TASMINH-SR study is of special relevance because it was carried out with high risk patients (with a personal history of stroke, ischemic cardiopathy, diabetes or kidney failure), a population of special interest to achieve BP targets [16].On the other hand, a clinical trial carried out in the US in a low-income, predominantly minority population, aimed to determine whether health coaching, SMBP and home titration of antihypertensive medications could improve BP control compared with SMBP and health coaching alone.The results showed that both the home-titration arm and the no–home-titration arm had a reduction in SBP, with no significant differences between them from baseline to 6 months [17].

关于降压药的家庭滴定，证据更有限，结果不一。两篇临床论文，TASMINH2[15]和TASMINH-SR[16]，都在英国，由同一研究小组在基层医疗环境下进行的，是在这个领域最新和令人关注的临床试验。在这些研究中，将SMBP和自滴定药物(根据先前商定的计划)，以及远程医疗成分，与常规治疗进行比较。在这两项研究中，从基线到12个月收缩压(SBP)在干预组和对照组之间下降有显著差异(分别为5.4mmHg和9.2 mmHg)。两组不良反应发生频率相似[15,16]。TASMINH-SR研究之所以具有特殊意义，是因为它是针对高风险患者(有中风、缺血性心脏病、糖尿病或肾衰竭的个人病史)进行的，而这些患者对达到BP目标[16]特别感兴趣。另一方面，美国在一个以少数族裔为主的低收入人群中进行了一项临床试验，目的是确定，与单独进行SMBP和健康指导相比，健康指导、SMBP和降压药家庭滴定是否能改善血压控制。结果表明，家庭滴定和非家庭滴定SBP均有降低，从基线到6个月[17]无显著差异。

Finally, when interpreting hypertension studies over time, it is important to procede with caution, as the definition of the condition changes almost with every update of guidance.For instance, earlier versions of guidelines such as those of the the Joint National Committee (JNC) and of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH)/European Society of Cardiology (ESC), suggested more restrictive BP control objectives than recent versions (especially in patients over 60 years old, diabetics and patients with renal failure) [18-20].These objectives may be modified again in the light of the results of recent studies [21 23].

最后，随着时间的推移，在解释高血压研究时，必须谨慎行事，因为这种情况的定义几乎随着指南的更新而改变。例如,早期版本的指南如联合国委员会的(JNC)和欧洲高血压协会（ESH）/欧洲心脏病学会(ESC)的,相比最新的指南，提出更加严格的血压控制目标(特别是在60岁以上患者,糖尿病患者和肾衰患者){18-20]。根据最近的研究结果，这些目标可能会再次修改[21 23]。

研究目的

The primary aim of the ADAMPA TRIAL is to ae the effectivene, in the primary care setting, of an intervention that includes educational components, SMBP and self-titration of antihypertensive medication to decrease SBP compared to usual care, in a population with poorly controlled hypertension, during a 12-month period.In addition, an extension with paive follow-up is planned for 24 months, collecting a reduced set of outcome variables as secondary variables.

ADAMPA试验的主要目的是评估在基层医疗机构中，在高血压控制不足的人群中，相比于常规治疗，包含教育、SMBP和自滴定降压药的干预措施在12个月内降低收缩压的效果。此外，计划进行24个月的被动随访延伸，收集结果变量减少的组作为次要变量。

Main research questions 1.Does a self-management intervention based on SMBP and self-titration medication allow for better control of blood preure? 2.What is the impact of this intervention on adherence to treatments, lifestyle changes, quality of life, clinical outcomes and use of health services? 3.Is this intervention cost-effective? 4.What are patients , caregivers and health profeionals views and experiences of SMBP plus self-titration in poorly controlled hypertension 主要研究问题 1.2.3.4.基于SMBP和自滴定药物的自我管理干预能够更好地控制血压吗? 这种干预对治疗依从性、生活方式改变、生活质量、临床结局和医疗服务的使用有什么影响? 这种干预是否具有成本效益? 在控制不良的高血压中，患者、护理人员和卫生专业人员对SMBP加自滴定有什么看法和经验

Methods

Study design and setting

The ADAMPA study is a pragmatic, controlled, randomized, unblinded clinical trial with two parallel groups aigned in a ratio of 1:1 to self-management (which includes educational components, SBMP and self-titration of antihypertensive medication based on a patient sGP s pre-established adjustment plan) or to usual care (with educational components too).

方法

研究设计和设置

ADAMPA研究是一个务实的,控制,随机选取临床试验和两个平行组分配比例1:1的自我管理(包括教育部分,SBMP和s基于患者的全科医生预先制定的调整计划进行降压药自滴定)或常规治疗(也有教育部分)。

All participants belong to a Health Area in the Valencia Region (Spain), with a population coverage of 345,500 inhabitants and a geographical area covering the north-east of the city of Valencia and some surrounding towns that are served by sixteen Primary Care Centers (PCC), two Hospitals and a Medical Specialty Centre.This trial has been registered in the https://eudract.ema.europa.eu/ database with reference number EudraCT: 2016 003986-25.

所有参与者属于瓦伦西亚地区的卫生区域(西班牙),人口为345500的人口覆盖率，地理区域覆盖瓦伦西亚城市的东北部和一些周边城镇，有十六个基层医疗中心(PCC),两家医院和医疗专业中心提供服务。

该试验已在数据库注册https://eudract.ema.europa。eu/，编号为EudraCT: 2016 003986-25。

Study participants

Identification and recruitment Potential patients eligible to participate in the study will be selected by their General Practitioners (GP) among all patients attending their general practice (case-finding).In their general practice at the PCC, the GPs will inform patients of the study objective and in the case that they meet the inclusion criteria and none of exclusion criteria, GPs will give them the information sheet and informed consent form, responding to all queries and concerns.研究参与者 识别和招募

有资格参与研究的潜在患者将由他们的全科医生(GP)在就诊的所有患者中选择(病例发现)。在基层医疗中心，如果患者符合纳入标准而没有排除标准，全科医生会告知患者研究目的，全科医生会给他们信息表和知情同意书，同时对所有的怀疑和忧虑作出回应。

Eligibility criteria Eligibility criteria will aim to recruit patients with treated hypertension managed in primary care, who are aged 40 years or older, have a diagnosis of hypertension in their electronic history(coded),haveameanBPreading on the reference arm of SBP >145 or diastolic blood preure (DBP) >90 mmHg on the baseline examination, who voluntarily accept participation in the study and sign the corresponding informed consent.The mean BP will be obtained as follows: In the first visit, BP should be measured on both arms.If there are differences, the reference arm should be that with the highest value of BP.Subsequently, the average BP of at least two measurements, in the sitting position, spaced 1-2 min apart should be calculated.If the first two readings are very different, an additional measurement should be done and the mean BP will be the average of the two readings considered valid [8].

合格的纳入标准

合格的标准旨在招募在基层医疗管理且高血压在治疗的患者，40岁以上,在电子病历诊断过高血压(编码), 基线检查时参照臂的SBP平均值 >145或舒张压(DBP)的平均值>90 mmHg,自愿参与研究并签署相应的知情同意。平均血压得到的方法如下:第一次就诊时，血压需要测量双上臂。如果有差异，参考臂应该是BP值最高的那个。随后，至少两次坐姿血压测量的平均值，间隔1-2分钟计算。如果前两个读数区别不同，则需要进行额外测量，两次有效的读数的平均值即为血压平均值[8]。

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion criteria will include inability to self-manage their BP, including dementia or significant cognitive impairment (at the discretion of the researcher performing the recruitment), a history of orthostatic hypotension (fall>20 mmHg from SBP after taking the orthostatic position), SBP >200 or DBP >100 mmHg in the baseline examination, being prescribed more than 4 antihypertensive drugs, inclusion in another hypertension study or clinical trial, presence of tremor or neurological disease that makes it difficult to perform SMBP, presence of arrhythmia, presence of terminal illne, chronic incapacitation to leave home, an acute cardiovascular event in the last 3 months, hypertension managed directly by other specialist doctors outside the primary care environment ，pregnant women or those actively seeking to become pregnant, having a household member already enrolled in the study and non- or temporary residents.

排除标准

排除标准包括,没有自己管理血压的能力的，包括痴呆或重大的认知损害(由负责招募的研究者判断),直立性低血压病史(立位后SBP下降>20毫米汞柱),在基线检查时SBP >200或DBP>100毫米汞柱,开超过4种降压药,参与另外的高血压研究或临床试验,存在震颤或神经系统疾病，使得SBPM有困难的，存在心律失常，存在终末期疾病，长期不能离开家，在过去3个月发生急性心血管事件，高血压在基层医疗机构之外的由其他专科医生直接管理的。怀孕妇女或那些积极准备怀孕的，家庭成员已经登记参加研究和非或临时居民。

Randomization Patients with uncontrolled hypertension will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either usual care or self-management using a computer randomization system via internet.Minimization will be used [24], taking into account age, gender, SBP >160 mm HG, diabetes, cardiovascular disease (ischemic heart disease, heart failure, cardiomyopathy and peripheral arterial disease), stroke (chronic stroke) and chronic kidney disease status.Similar approaches have been used in previous clinical trials of self-monitoring in the control of hypertension [15, 16].

随机化

通过互联网使用计算机随机化系统将高血压控制不好的患者以1:1的比例随机化分为常规医疗或自我管理。将使用最小化[24]，考虑年龄、性别、SBP >160mm HG、糖尿病、心血管疾病(缺血性心脏病、心力衰竭、心肌病和外周动脉疾病)、中风(慢性中风)和慢性肾病状态。在以往高血压控制的自我监测的临床试验中也使用了类似的方法[15,16]。

Participant flow through the study该研究参与者经过

An overview of the schedule of enrolment, interventions, and aements in the ADAMPA study, according to the SPIRIT guidelines is shown in Fig.1.Each aspect will be described in more detail throughout the present protocol.

在ADAMPA研究中，根据SPIRIT指南的注册、干预和评估的时间表概述如图1所示。每一个方面都将在本协议中详细描述。

Recruited hypertensive patients who meet the inclusion criteria and none of the exclusion criteria, who have been duly informed (by their GP) of the characteristics of the study, have signed the informed consent and been randomly aigned to the intervention or control group, will proceed as follows

招募符合纳入标准但没有排除标准的高血压患者，他们已经(由他们的家庭医生)充分被告知研究的特征，已经签署知情同意书并被随机分配到干预组或对照组，将按照如下步骤进行 干预组

At their practice, the GPs will have established, with each patient in the intervention group, the BP target according to the European Guide for the management of Hypertension 2013 [19] and how to act according to their BP measurements (Fig.2), including instructions for medication self-adjustment (if neceary).At the same time, the GP will inform them that they will be recalled to make an appointment with a member of the research team, who will provide them with additional information about their self-management of BP and for completing data corresponding to the baseline visit.

在他们的实践中，全科医生(GPs)与干预组的每个患者一起，根据2013年欧洲高血压管理指南[19]设定血压目标值和如何根据他们测量的血压采取行动(图2)，包括药物自我调整的说明(如果必要的话)。同时，全科医生将告知他们，他们将被召回（通知）与研究小组中的那名向他们提供关于血压自我管理信息成员预约，完成与基线来访相对应的数据。

Subsequently, patients will be given -and trained in the use of- a validated home blood preure monitor (Omron M3 model HEM-7131-E), as well as the Intervention group booklet containing: the patient s code, the reference arm on which BP is measured, the BP target, general information and basic recommendations for improving BP control, instructions to manage the home blood preure monitor, how to act according to their BP (Fig.2)and the monthly registration sheets for a six month period in order to register their blood preure twice a day, once in the morning and once in the evening (for the first seven days of each month) and to register contacts related to their BP (by phone, regular or urgent consultation at the office or hospital consultation) during that follow-up period.

随后，患者将接受验证过的家用血压计(欧姆龙M3型hemi -7131- e)的使用培训，以及包含以下内容的干预组小册子:病人编码,血压测量的手臂,血压目标,改善BP控制的一般信息和基本建议、家庭血压计管理说明,根据他们的BP(图2)如何行动和在六个月内的每月登记表，这个表一天登记两次的血压，每天早上和晚上一次(每月的头七天)，并登记随访期间与BP相关的联系(通过电话、定期或紧急咨询诊室或医院咨询)。

对照组

Patients will be informed by their GP that they will continue their usual care regarding their BP and that they will be recalled to make an appointment with a member of the research team, who will provide them with information and basic recommendations for improvement of BP control and for completing the data corresponding to the baseline visit.Subsequently, members of the research team will deliver the Control group booklet containing the patient s code, general information and basic recommendations for improving BP control, as well as the monthly registration sheets for a six month period in order to register contacts related to their BP (by phone, regular or urgent consultation at the general practice or hospital consultation) during the follow-up period.

全科医生告知病人,继续他们血压的常规治疗,他们将被召回与研究小组中那名向他们提供改善血压控制基本建议的成员预约，完成与基线来访相对应的数据。随后,研究团队的成员给对照组小册子，包含病人编号,一般信息和改善BP控制的基本建议,以及在六个月内的每月登记表，这个表登记随访期间与BP相关的联系(通过电话、定期或紧急咨询诊室或医院咨询)。

Patients in the control and intervention groups will be informed that the research team will phone them four weeks after the baseline visit to clarify any doubts raised.If neceary, on-site visits will be arranged for further clarification.

对照组和干预组的患者将被告知，研究小组将在基线随访4周后给他们打电话，以阐明任何疑问。如有需要，将安排现场随访进一步澄清。

Both groups will be contacted by phone at 3 months to clarify any doubts and at 6 months a follow-up visit will be established at the PCC, where the corresponding variables will be collected.The same will be done at 12 months.The follow-up variables will be collected up to a maximum of 6 weeks after the end of the follow-up period.An extension of the study will be performed with paive follow-up at 24 months, collecting a reduced set of outcome variables as secondary variables.Participants flow through the trial is outlined in Fig.3.

3个月后，都会通过电话联系两组阐明任何疑问，6个月后将在PCC进行随访，收集相应的变量。12个月后也是如此（在PCC随访）。随访变量将在随访期结束后最多6周内收集。本研究的延伸将在24个月的被动随访中进行，收集一组结局变量减少作为次要变量。试验的参与者流程如图3所示。

Patients have the right to leave the study at any time.In addition, the researcher may discontinue a patient from the study if deemed neceary for any reason including: non-eligibility (retrospective if not detected at the time of inclusion, or prospective e.g.pregnancy during the follow up), an adverse event or disease progreion involving incapacity to comply with trial procedures.

患者有权随时退出研究。此外，如有必要，研究者可终止患者参与本研究，理由包括:不合格(回顾时发现，纳入时未发现，或未来发现，随访时怀孕)，不良事件或包括无法遵守试验规定的疾病进展。 样本量估算

A sample size of 382 patients was estimated in order to have 90% power to detect a difference in SBP of 5 mmHg(SD 15 mmHg) between the intervention and the control group with a contrast of two-tailed hypotheses and an alpha error of 0.05.This figure represents a clinically relevant difference (which should represent a reduction of approximately 19% in strokes) and is in line with the results observed in previous trials in this field (TASMINH2 and TASMINH-SR) [15, 16].These figures will be increased by 20% to compensate for poible drop-outs and follow-up lo, resulting in a total sample size of 458 participants.

我们对382名患者的样本量进行了估计，以便有90%的能力检测干预组和对照组之间SBP 5 mmHg(SD 15mmhg)的差异，采用双尾假设对比，α误差为0.05。这一数据（α）代表了一个临床相关的差异(这应该代表中风减少了大约19%)，并且与该领域以前的试验结果一致(TASMINH2和TASMINH-SR)[15,16]。这些数字将增加20%，以弥补可能的退出和失访，从而使总样本量达到458人。 干预组

Blood preure self-monitoring Patients will be trained to perform SMBP by the research team through a validated home blood preure monitor (Omron model M3 HEM-7131-E).Patients will take their BP in the morning and in the afternoon, every day of the first week of each month.This will be done in the morning, before breakfast and before taking their medication (between 6 am.and 9 am.) and in the evening before dinner and before taking their medication (between 6 pm.and 9 pm.).These measurements will be recorded by the patients for the first seven days of each month on the monthly registration sheets located in the Intervention group booklet .If patients want to monitor their BP during the remaining weeks of the month, it is recommended that they just do so one day a week.Patients are instructed to act according to a table that contains easy-to-follow colour coded action steps.This guideline prompts the patient to contact the GP or visit the health center when BP values are very high or very low.Four or more above target readings in a month will require a change in medication (See Fig.2).

研究小组训练血压自我监测的患者用经验证的家庭血压计(欧姆龙M3型HEM-7131-E)来SMBP。患者将在每个月的第一周的每天早上和下午进行血压检查。这将在早上，早餐之前和服药之前(早上6点到9点之间)完成。在晚餐前和服药前(下午6点到9点之间)。这些测量数据将由患者在每个月的头七天记录在干预组手册的每月登记表上。如果病人想在每月的最后几周监测他们的血压，建议他们一周只监测一天。病人被指示根据一张表格采取行动，表格中包含易于遵循的彩色编码动作步骤。当血压值非常高或非常低时，该指南提示患者联系全科医生或医疗中心就诊。一个月内超过目标值4次以上的患者需要改变用药(见图2)。

Target blood preure

Patients will be informed of their target BP, which will be established by their own GP and individualized for each patient based on the Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and European Society of Cardiology (ESC) [19].Recommendations on target BP, according to cardiovascular risk and reflecting home as compared to office readings are shown in Table 1.

目标血压 患者将被告知他们的目标血压，目标血压将由他们全科医生根据欧洲高血压协会(ESH)和欧洲心脏病学会(ESC)[19]高血压管理指南个性化制定。根据心血管风险和与诊室读数相比反映家庭的目标血压的建议如表1所示。

Self-titration

In order to reach their target BP, each patient will be given a self-management plan to adjust medication if neceary depending on blood preure measurements (See Fig.2).The self-adjustment plan will consist of either an increase in the dose or additional medication.Therapeutic plan choice will be at the discretion of the GP, who will receive a copy of the Clinical Practice Guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology [19] to aid decision-making.If self-adjustment takes place, the participant will have an appointment with his/her GP within 3 weeks following self-adjustment, and a new tailored self-management plan will be provided.

自我滴定 为了达到目标血压，给每个患者自我管理计划，必要时根据血压测量情况调整药物(见图2)。自我调整计划包括增加剂量或加其他药物。治疗方案的选择将由GP决定，GP将收到欧洲心脏病学会[19]临床实践指南的副本，以帮助决策。如果进行自我调整，参与者将在自我调整后的3周内预约全科医生，并提供新的量身定制的自我管理计划。 对照组

Patients allocated to the control group will receive routine hypertension care with appointments and medication changes following the GP s criteria in the context of routine clinical practice.

在对照组的患者将接受常规高血压治疗，并按照全科医生在常规临床实践中的准则进行预约和调药。

In both, the intervention and control group, all relevant concomitant care within usual clinical practice will be at the discretion of the GP.

在干预组和对照组中，所有日常临床实践相关的将由全科医生决定。 结果

The primary outcome will be the change in mean SBP -mmHg- between baseline and 12 months.Secondary outcomes will include:

1.Change in mean SBP at 6 and 24 months of follow-up.2.Change in mean DBP at 6, 12, and 24 months of follow-up.

3.Percentage of patients with SBP

主要结果是在基线和12个月之间平均SBP - mmhg的变化。次要结果包括: 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.随访6个月和24个月时平均SBP的变化。 随访6个月、12个月和24个月时平均DBP变化。

随访

6、

12、24个月，SBP

治疗惯性(TI),定义为没有调药的患者数量除以没有目标(在6和12个月的随访时测量的SBP和/或DBP)病人的数量,目标值是根据欧洲高血压协会和欧洲心脏病学会的建议[19]。 其他结果指标：

1. Changes in lifestyle (smoking, exercise, body weight) at 6, 12, and 24 months compared to these characteristics at baseline.2. Clinical events: We will ae if any of the following adverse events are present during the follow-up: angina, myocardial infarction, stroke, hypotensive crisis and death.3. Use of health services for hypertension at 6, 12 and 24 months.4. Incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year gained in the intervention group compared to the control group.5.Views and experiences of patients and health profeionals on the self-management (SMBP plus self-titration) of hypertension.

1.6个月、12个月和24个月时与基线时相比生活方式(吸烟、锻炼、体重)的变化。

2.临床事件:我们将评估在随访期间是否存在以下不良事件:心绞痛、心肌梗死、中风、低血压危机和死亡。3.4.5.在6个月、12个月和24个月因高血压医疗服务的使用。 干预组与对照组相比，每质量调整生命年增加的成本。

患者和医疗专家对高血压自我管理(SMBP +自我滴定)的看法和经验。

数据收集

Data will be collected at the different participant study sites.Details on type of data and timing of collection are shown in Fig.1.Data entry, coding, security, and storage, including any related procees to promote data quality (eg, double data entry, etc) and other aspects related to data management such as data monitoring of the ADAMPA study, will be performed by the SCReN platform (for more information on the Screen platform and its role regarding the ADAMPA study, see:https://www.scren.es/,and https://www.scren.es/proyectos.php).

数据将在不同的参与者研究地点收集。数据类型和采集时间的详细信息如图1所示。数据录入、编码、安全性和存储,包括任何提升数据质量(如双数据输入等)相关流程和数据管理相关的其他方面，如ADAMPA研究的数据监测,将由SCReN平台(更多信息在平台屏幕上和ADAMPA研究中它的作用,见:https://www.scren.es/和https://www.scren.es/proyectos.php)。 统计分析 Analysis will be on an intention-to-treat basis for complete cases.We will use mixed models (general linear modeling GLM) to compare SBP at 12 months between the intervention and control groups.This analysis will be presented in both crude and adjusted forms for the different covariates of interest (baseline BP, gender, GP/PCC-random effect, diabetes, etc.).A sensitivity analysis will be performed to examine the potential effect of miing data, which will include substitution by multiple imputation, replacement of data lost by the most recent data or by the mean of the series.Additionally, analyses of the main outcome measure by subgroups of age, gender, comorbidity, level of chronicity, better control at baseline, etc.will be performed.

分析将基于为了案列完整的意向性治疗。我们将使用混合模型(通用线性建模GLM)来比较干预组和对照组12个月的SBP。该分析将以粗糙和调整的形式呈现，以适应不同的协变量(基线血压、性别、GP/ pccs随机效应、糖尿病等)。将进行敏感性分析，以检查缺失数据的潜在影响，这将包括通过多重插补替代，用序列的平均值或最近数据替代缺失的数据。此外，还将根据年龄、性别、合并症、慢性程度、基线控制的更好等亚组分析主要结果指标。

Differences in secondary outcome measures (DBP, percentage of patients controlled, PDC, persistence and TI) will be analyzed using methods similar to those used for analysis of the main outcome measure.

将使用与主要结果分析方法类似的方法分析次要结果(DBP、患者控制百分比、PDC覆盖天数占比、持久性和TI治疗惯性)的差异。 经济分析

The economic analysis will include a cost-consequence analysis, estimating both the costs (hospitalizations, outpatient visits, emergency visits and antihypertensive drugs) and the potential benefits (e.g.reduced incidence of stroke, myocardial infarction, etc.) in natural units.In addition, we will collect information on Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) through the EQ-5d questionnaire, which will allow us to obtain utilities and therefore perform a cost-utility analysis with the estimated benefits in terms of Quality-Adjusted Life-Years (QALY).

经济分析将包括成本-后果分析，估计成本(住院、门诊、急诊和抗高血压药物)和潜在效益(如减少卒中、心肌梗死等)在自然单元。此外，我们将通过EQ-5d问卷收集与健康有关的生活质量(HRQOL)的信息，（欧洲五维健康量表）可以让我们获得效用值，从而进行成本-效用分析，根据质量调整生命年(QALY)来估计效益。

A modeling will be performed to obtain longer-term predictions of the results observed in the trial.The results on which this modeling will be based will be survival, quality of life and costs aociated with clinical events.A sensitivity analysis (deterministic and probabilistic) will be performed to analyze the robustne of the results.Key parameters will be modified to determine their impact on results.All analyses will be performed using STATA version 14.

将进行建模以获得对试验中观察到的结果的长期预测。这个模型所基于的结果是生存，生活质量和与临床事件相关的成本。将进行敏感性分析(确定性和概率性)来分析结果的稳健性。将修改关键参数以确定它们对结果的影响。所有分析将使用STATA 14进行。 质量亚组分析

Qualitative research techniques will seek to provide an in-depth understanding of the positive elements and areas of improvement related to self-titration and self-monitoring intervention.To this end, two meetings will be held, one with profeionals (GPs and nurses) and one with patients, using the Nominal Group Technique (NGT).The NGT is a working methodology that establishes a framework for highly structured interaction that enables participation and equal consideration of the contributions of all members of the working group, and allows the identification of priorities, consensus and disagreement, solution generation and decision-making in an agile and objective manner [25

定性研究技术将力求深入了解与自我滴定和自我监测干预有关的积极因素和改进领域。为此目的，将举行两次会议，一次与专业人员(全科医生和护士)和一次与病人，使用名义群体技术(NGT)。NGT是一种工作方法，它为高度结构化的交互建立了一个框架，允许工作组所有成员参与和平等地考虑其贡献，并允许以敏捷和客观的方式确定优先级、共识和分歧、生成解决方案和决策[25] 讨论

The ADAMPA trial is a clinical research project that aims to improve the control of BP through training the patient for self-management of their hypertension.Hypertension is a risk factor of high prevalence that, even today, presents an unacceptable percentage of uncontrolled patients, according to the recommendations of the guidelines of clinical practice for BP control.

ADAMPA试验是一项临床研究项目，目的是通过训练患高血压自我管理来改善血压控制。根据《血压控制临床实践指南》的建议，高血压是高患病率的危险因素，即使在今天，仍有不可接受的比例的患者不受控制。

If the data from this trial show positive results, the study may contribute to a change of strategy in the treatment of hypertension, focusing on the patient as the main actor to achieve these objectives.Furthermore, this approach might contribute to the financial sustainability of the National Health Service.

如果本次试验的数据显示阳性结果，本研究可能有助于改变高血压治疗策略，以患者为主以达到这些目标。此外，这种做法可能有助于国家卫生服务的财政可持续性。

第18篇： 政府工作报告中英对照

2017 政府工作报告中英对照

发表于2017年3月16日由CATTI考试资料与资讯

新华社北京3月16日电 政府工作报告

——2017年3月5日在第十二届全国人民代表大会第五次会议上 国务院总理 李克强

BEIJING, March 16 (Xinhua) — Following is the full text of the Report on the Work of the Government delivered by Premier Li Keqiang at the Fifth Seion of the 12th National People’s Congre on March 5, 2017 and adopted on March 15, 2017:

REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT

Delivered at the Fifth Seion of the 12th National People’s Congre of the People’s Republic of China on March 5, 2017 Li Keqiang Premier of the State Council

各位代表：

现在，我代表国务院，向大会报告政府工作，请予审议，并请全国政协各位委员提出意见。

Esteemed Deputies, On behalf of the State Council, I will now report to you on the work of the government and ask for your deliberation and approval.I also wish to have comments on my report from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).

一、2016年工作回顾

Let me begin with a review of our work in 2016.

过去一年，我国发展面临国内外诸多矛盾叠加、风险隐患交汇的严峻挑战。在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，全国各族人民迎难而上，砥砺前行，推动经济社会持续健康发展。 In the past year, China’s development has faced grave challenges posed by a great many problems and interwoven risks and dangers both at home and abroad.However, under the strong leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, we the Chinese people have risen to the challenge and worked hard to pre ahead, driving forward sustained, healthy economic and social development.

党的十八届六中全会正式明确习近平总书记的核心地位，体现了党和人民的根本利益，对保证党和国家兴旺发达、长治久安，具有十分重大而深远的意义。 At the Sixth Plenary Seion of the 18th Party Central Committee,the core position of General Secretary Xi Jinping was formally affirmed, which reflects the fundamental interests of the Party and the Chinese people, and is of crucial and far-reaching significance for ensuring the flourishing and long-term stability of the Party and the country.

各地区、各部门不断增强政治意识、大局意识、核心意识、看齐意识，推动全面建成小康社会取得新的重要进展，全面深化改革迈出重大步伐，全面依法治国深入实施，全面从严治党纵深推进，全年经济社会发展主要目标任务圆满完成，“十三五”实现了良好开局。

All regions and all government departments have steadily strengthened their consciousne of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, uphold the leadership core, and keep in alignment.Pushing ahead with all-around efforts, we have achieved major progre in finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, made important strides in deepening reform, continued to exercise law-based governance, and made further progre in practicing strict Party self-governance; and we have accomplished the year’s main tasks and targets for economic and social development, and got the 13th Five-Year Plan off to a great start.

——经济运行缓中趋稳、稳中向好。国内生产总值达到74.4万亿元，增长6.7%，名列世界前茅，对全球经济增长的贡献率超过30%。居民消费价格上涨2%。 The economy has registered a slower but stable performance with good momentum for growth.GDP reached 74.4 trillion yuan, representing 6.7-percent growth, and seeing China outpace most other economies.China contributed more than 30 percent of global growth.The CPI rose by 2 percent.工业企业利润由上年下降2.3%转为增长8.5%，单位国内生产总值能耗下降5%，经济发展的质量和效益明显提高。

With an 8.5-percent increase in profits, industrial enterprises reversed the previous year’s negative growth of 2.3 percent.Energy consumption per unit of GDP fell by 5 percent.Economic performance improved markedly in quality and returns.

——就业增长超出预期。全年城镇新增就业1314万人。高校毕业生就业创业人数再创新高。年末城镇登记失业率4.02%，为多年来最低。13亿多人口的发展中大国，就业比较充分，十分不易。

Employment growth exceeded projections.A total of 13.14 million new urban jobs were added over the course of the year.The number of college graduates finding employment or starting businees reached another record high.The registered urban unemployment rate stood at 4.02 percent at year-end 2016, the lowest level in years.For China, a large developing country with a population of over 1.3 billion, attaining this level of employment is no easy task.

——改革开放深入推进。重要领域和关键环节改革取得突破性进展，供给侧结构性改革初见成效。对外开放推出新举措，“一带一路”建设进展快速，一批重大工程和国际产能合作项目落地。

Continued advances were made in reform and opening up.Breakthroughs were made in reforms in major sectors and key links, and initial succe was achieved in supply-side structural reform.New measures were introduced for opening China up, rapid progre was made in pursuing the Belt and Road Initiative, and a number of major projects and industrial-capacity cooperation projects with other countries were launched.

——经济结构加快调整。消费在经济增长中发挥主要拉动作用。服务业增加值占国内生产总值比重上升到51.6%。高技术产业、装备制造业较快增长。农业稳中调优，粮食再获丰收。

Economic structural adjustment was stepped up.Consumption was the main driver of economic growth.The value created by the service sector rose to 51.6 percent of GDP.High-tech industries and equipment manufacturing grew rapidly.In agriculture, production was stable and structural adjustments were made, and we had continued good grain harvests.

——发展新动能不断增强。创新驱动发展战略深入实施。科技领域取得一批国际领先的重大成果。新兴产业蓬勃兴起，传统产业加快转型升级。

New drivers of growth gained strength.Further progre was made in pursuing the innovation-driven development strategy, and a number of world-leading achievements were made in science and technology.Emerging industries were thriving, and the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries accelerated.

大众创业、万众创新广泛开展，全年新登记企业增长24.5%，平均每天新增1.5万户，加上个体工商户等，各类市场主体每天新增4.5万户。新动能正在撑起发展新天地。

People were busy launching businees or making innovations, with a 24.5-percent year-on-year increase in the number of new businees registered-an average of 15,000 new businees daily.With self-employed traders and other market entities included we had an average of 45,000 new market entities launched per day.New growth drivers are opening new prospects for China’s development.

——基础设施支撑能力持续提升。新建高速铁路投产里程超过1900公里，新建改建高速公路6700多公里、农村公路29万公里。城市轨道交通、地下综合管廊建设加快。新开工重大水利工程21项。新增第四代移动通信用户3.4亿、光缆线路550多万公里。

Infrastructure became ever-better able to sustain development.Over 1,900 kilometers of new high-speed rail lines came into service, and more than 6,700 kilometers of expreways and 290,000 kilometers of rural roads were built or upgraded.Construction picked up pace on urban rail transit facilities and underground utility tunnels.Construction began on 21 major water conservancy projects.The number of 4G mobile communications subscribers grew by 340 million and over 5.5 million kilometers of optical fiber cables were added.——人民生活继续改善。全国居民人均可支配收入实际增长6.3%。农村贫困人口减少1240万，易地扶贫搬迁人口超过240万。棚户区住房改造600多万套，农村危房改造380多万户。国内旅游快速增长，出境旅游超过1.2亿人次，城乡居民生活水平有新的提高。

Living standards were improved.Personal per capita disposable income increased by 6.3 percent in real terms.The number of people living in poverty in rural areas was reduced by 12.4 million, including more than 2.4 million people relocated from inhospitable areas.More than 6 million homes in rundown urban areas and over 3.8 million dilapidated rural houses were renovated.In tourism, domestic trips showed rapid growth, and overseas trips exceeded 120 million.People in both urban and rural areas saw arise in living standards.

我国成功主办二十国集团领导人杭州峰会，推动取得一系列开创性、引领性、机制性重要成果，在全球经济治理中留下深刻的中国印记。

China succefully hosted the G20 2016 Hangzhou Summit, and helped to deliver a number of important pioneering, leading, and institutional outcomes, thus doing its part for global economic governance.

回顾过去一年，走过的路很不寻常。我们面对的是世界经济和贸易增速7年来最低、国际金融市场波动加剧、地区和全球性挑战突发多发的外部环境，面对的是国内结构性问题突出、风险隐患显现、经济下行压力加大的多重困难，面对的是改革进入攻坚期、利益关系深刻调整、影响社会稳定因素增多的复杂局面。 2016 was an unusual year in our country’s development.China was confronted with an external environment in which the world saw the lowest economic and trade growth in seven years, growing volatility in global financial markets, and sudden and frequent regional and global challenges.Domestically, China faced multiple difficulties: major structural problems, prominent risks and dangers, and mounting downward preure on the economy.China found itself in a complex environment as reform entered a critical stage, profound changes took place affecting interests, and factors impacting social stability grew.在这种情况下，经济能够稳住很不容易，出现诸多向好变化更为难得。这再次表明，中国人民有勇气、有智慧、有能力战胜任何艰难险阻，中国经济有潜力、有韧性、有优势，中国的发展前景一定会更好。 Given all these factors, it was not easy for us to maintain stable economic performance.And yet we succeeded, and even managed to make progre on many fronts.Once again, this shows that we the Chinese people have the courage, ingenuity, and ability to overcome any difficulty or hardship.It also shows that the Chinese economy poees potential, resilience, and strengths, so we can be sure there is even better development ahead for China.一年来，我们主要做了以下工作。

I will now move on to discu our main work last year: 一是继续创新和加强宏观调控，经济运行保持在合理区间。

First, we continued to develop new and more effective ways of carrying out regulation at the macro level, thus keeping the economy performing within an appropriate range.

去年宏观调控面临多难抉择，我们坚持不搞“大水漫灌”式强刺激，而是依靠改革创新来稳增长、调结构、防风险，在区间调控基础上，加强定向调控、相机调控。 Last year, we faced difficult choices in conducting macro-level regulation, but we stood firm in not adopting strong stimulus policies that would have had an economy-wide impact, and strived instead to maintain steady growth, adjust the structure, and guard against risks through reform and innovation.We strengthened targeted and well-timed regulation on the basis of range-based regulation.

积极的财政政策力度加大，增加的财政赤字主要用于减税降费。全面推开营改增试点，全年降低企业税负5700多亿元，所有行业实现税负只减不增。制定实施中央与地方增值税收入划分过渡方案，确保地方既有财力不变。扩大地方政府存量债务置换规模，降低利息负担约4000亿元。

More proactive fiscal policy was pursued, and the increase in the fiscal deficit was used mainly to cover tax and fee cuts.The trial replacement of busine tax with value added tax (VAT) was extended to cover all sectors, slashing the tax burden of businees for the year by over 570 billion yuan and reducing tax burdens in every sector.A transitional plan for sharing VAT revenue between the central and local governments was formulated and implemented to ensure financial resources of local governments remained unchanged.More local government bonds were iued to replace outstanding debts, reducing interest payments by roughly 400 billion yuan.

稳健的货币政策灵活适度，广义货币M2增长11.3%，低于13%左右的预期目标。综合运用多种货币政策工具，支持实体经济发展。

A prudent monetary policy was pursued in a flexible and appropriate manner.The M2 money supply increased by 11.3 percent, below our projected target of around 13 percent.We used a range of monetary policy tools to support the development of the real economy.

实施促进消费升级措施。出台鼓励民间投资等政策，投资出现企稳态势。分类调控房地产市场。加强金融风险防控，人民币汇率形成机制进一步完善，保持了在合理均衡水平上的基本稳定，维护了国家经济金融安全。

Measures were taken to upgrade consumption.We unveiled policies to encourage private investment, and saw investment begin to stabilize.We exercised category-based regulation over the real estate market.We strengthened efforts to manage financial risks.The RMB exchange rate regime continued to improve, and the exchange rate remained generally stable at an adaptive and equilibrium level.With these measures, we have safeguarded China’s economic and financial security.

二是着力抓好“三去一降一补”，供给结构有所改善。

Second, we focused on five priority tasks — cutting overcapacity, reducing exce inventory, deleveraging, lowering costs, and strengthening areas of weakne — thereby improving the composition of supply.

以钢铁、煤炭行业为重点去产能，全年退出钢铁产能超过6500万吨、煤炭产能超过2.9亿吨，超额完成年度目标任务，分流职工得到较好安置。

Particular priority was given to cutting overcapacity in the steel and coal sectors.Over the year, steel production capacity was cut by more than 65 million metric tons and coal by over 290 million metric tons, going beyond annual targets.Effective aistance was provided to laid-off employees.支持农民工在城镇购房，提高棚改货币化安置比例，房地产去库存取得积极成效。 We supported migrant workers in buying urban homes; and we increased the proportion of people affected by rebuilding in rundown urban areas receiving monetary compensation, making good progre in reducing real estate inventory.

推动企业兼并重组，发展直接融资，实施市场化法治化债转股，工业企业资产负债率有所下降。

Busine acquisitions and reorganizations were encouraged, direct financing was promoted, and market- and law-based debt-to-equity swaps were carried out, lowering the debt-to-aet ratio of industrial enterprises.

着眼促进企业降成本，出台减税降费、降低“五险一金”缴费比例、下调用电价格等举措。

To help enterprises lower operating costs, we introduced measures to cut taxes and fees, lower the share paid by enterprises for social security contributions,(1) and cut the price of electricity.

加大补短板力度，办了一批当前急需又利长远的大事。

We boosted efforts to strengthen areas of weakne and undertook major initiatives that both help to meet urgent needs today and promise long-term benefits.

三是大力深化改革开放，发展活力进一步增强。全面深化改革，推出一批标志性、支柱性改革举措。围绕处理好政府和市场关系这一经济体制改革的核心问题，持续推进简政放权、放管结合、优化服务改革。

Third, we worked hard to deepen reform and opening up, further strengthening the vitality of development.

Reform was deepened acro the board, and a good number of landmark and pillar reform initiatives were undertaken.To balance the government-market relationship — the pivotal iue in economic structural reform — we continued reforms to streamline administration, delegate powers, and improve regulation and services.My administration’s goal of cutting the number of items requiring government review by a third had been achieved ahead of schedule.

在提前完成本届政府减少行政审批事项三分之一目标的基础上，去年又取消165项国务院部门及其指定地方实施的审批事项，清理规范192项审批中介服务事项、220项职业资格许可认定事项。深化商事制度改革。

On that basis, last year we cancelled the requirement on a further 165 items for review by State Council departments and authorized local governments.We also overhauled and standardized 192 items of intermediary services for government review as well as 220 items of approvals and accreditations for profeional qualifications.We deepened institutional reforms in the busine sector.

全面推行“双随机、一公开”，增强事中事后监管的有效性，推进“互联网+政务服务”。

We introduced an oversight model of random inspection and public release acro the board,(2) made operational and post-operational oversight more effective, and promoted the Internet Plus government services model.推动国有企业调整重组和混合所有制改革。建立公平竞争审查制度。深化资源税改革。

We pushed ahead with reforms to restructure and reorganize state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and introduce into them mixed ownership structures.We established a review system to ensure fair competition.We deepened resource tax reforms.

完善农村土地“三权分置”办法，建立贫困退出机制。推进科技管理体制改革，扩大高校和科研院所自主权，出台以增加知识价值为导向的分配政策。

We improved measures for separating rural land ownership rights, contract rights, and management rights, and established a mechanism for determining whether people have been lifted out of poverty.We made progre in reforming the science and technology management system, gave greater autonomy to colleges and research institutes, and adopted profit distribution policies oriented toward increasing the value of knowledge.

放开养老服务市场。扩大公立医院综合改革试点，深化药品医疗器械审评审批制度改革。

We opened up the elderly services market.We expanded the trials of comprehensive reforms in public hospitals and deepened reform of the evaluation and approval systems for medicine and medical equipment.制定自然资源统一确权登记办法，开展省以下环保机构监测监察执法垂直管理、耕地轮作休耕改革等试点，全面推行河长制，健全生态保护补偿机制。改革为经济社会发展增添了新动力。

We formulated unified measures to determine and register natural resource rights.We piloted reforms for conducting direct oversight by provincial-level environmental protection agencies over the environmental monitoring and inspection work of environmental protection agencies below the provincial level, as well as crop rotation and fallow land reforms.The river chief system was introduced for all lakes and rivers acro the country, and the mechanisms for compensating for ecological conservation efforts were improved.Reform has given new impetus to economic and social development.

积极扩大对外开放。推进“一带一路”建设，与沿线国家加强战略对接、务实合作。 We opened China wider to the rest of the world.As we pushed ahead with the Belt and Road Initiative, we worked to increase complementarity between the development strategies of, and practical cooperation between, China and other countries along the routes.

人民币正式纳入国际货币基金组织特别提款权货币篮子。“深港通”开启。完善促进外贸发展措施，新设12个跨境电子商务综合试验区，进出口逐步回稳。 The RMB was formally included in the IMF’s Special Drawing Rights basket.The Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect was launched.We improved measures for promoting trade, and built 12 new integrated experimental zones for cro-border e-commerce, bringing about a steady recovery in the volume of import and export.

推广上海等自贸试验区改革创新成果，新设7个自贸试验区。除少数实行准入特别管理措施领域外，外资企业设立及变更一律由审批改为备案管理。实际使用外资1300多亿美元，继续位居发展中国家首位。

The new practices of pilot free trade zones in Shanghai and elsewhere were used to establish another seven pilot zones.The requirement for review and approval for setting up and making significant adjustments to foreign enterprises was replaced by a simple filing proce, with the exception of a few areas where special market acce requirements apply.In 2016, China utilized more than US$130 billion of overseas investment, continuing to rank first among developing countries.

四是强化创新引领，新动能快速成长。

Fourth, we strengthened innovation’s leading role, spurring the rapid development of new growth drivers.

深入推进“互联网+”行动和国家大数据战略，全面实施《中国制造2025》，落实和完善“双创”政策措施。部署启动面向2030年的科技创新重大项目，支持北京、上海建设具有全球影响力的科技创新中心，新设6个国家自主创新示范区。 We took further steps to implement the Internet Plus action plan and the national big data strategy, fully implemented the Made in China 2025 initiative, and implemented and improved policies and measures to encourage people to launch businees and innovate.We developed and launched a plan for completing major science and technology programs by 2030, supported Beijing and Shanghai in building themselves into global R&D centers, and established another six national innovation demonstration zones.

Notes: (1) This includes old-age insurance, health insurance, unemployment insurance, workers’ compensation, maternity insurance, and housing provident fund schemes.

(2) The model comprises inspections of randomly selected entities by randomly selected inspectors and the public release of inspection results.全社会研发经费支出与国内生产总值之比达到2.08%。国内有效发明专利拥有量突破100万件，技术交易额超过1万亿元。科技进步贡献率上升到56.2%，创新对发展的支撑作用明显增强。

China’s R&D spending reached 2.08 percent of GDP.The number of in-force Chinese patents iued in China paed the million mark, and the value of technology transactions exceeded one trillion yuan.The contribution of scientific and technological progre to economic growth rose to 56.2 percent, and innovation’s role in powering development grew markedly.五是促进区域城乡协调发展，新的增长极增长带加快形成。

Fifth, we promoted more balanced development between regions and between rural and urban areas, and saw faster emergence of new growth poles and growth belts.

深入实施“一带一路”建设、京津冀协同发展、长江经济带发展三大战略，启动建设一批重点项目。编制西部大开发“十三五”规划，实施新一轮东北振兴战略，推动中部地区崛起，支持东部地区率先发展。

We stepped up work to implement the three strategic initiatives (the Belt and Road, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integration, and the Yangtze Economic Belt), and began construction on a number of key projects.We formulated the plan for the 13th Five-Year Plan period for large-scale development in the western region, launched a new round of initiatives as part of the Northeast revitalization strategy, drove progre in the rise of the central region, and supported the eastern region in leading the rest of the country in pursuing development.

加快推进新型城镇化，深化户籍制度改革，全面推行居住证制度，又有1600万人进城落户。发展的协同叠加效应不断显现。

We sped up efforts to promote new types of urbanization, deepened reform of the household registration system, introduced the residence card system nationwide, and granted urban residency to another 16 million people from rural areas.The synergy building through coordinated development became more and more evident.

六是加强生态文明建设，绿色发展取得新进展。Sixth, we strengthened ecological conservation and made fresh progre in pursuing green development.

制定实施生态文明建设目标评价考核办法，建设国家生态文明试验区。强化大气污染治理，二氧化硫、氮氧化物排放量分别下降5.6%和4%，74个重点城市细颗粒物（PM2.5）年均浓度下降9.1%。优化能源结构，清洁能源消费比重提高1.7个百分点，煤炭消费比重下降2个百分点。

We formulated and introduced measures for aeing progre made in ecological improvement, and established national pilot zones for ecological conservation.We took stronger measures against air pollution and, as a result, saw a 5.6-percent decline in sulfur dioxide emiions, a 4-percent cut in nitrogen oxide emiions, and a 9.1-percent drop in the annual average density of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in 74 key cities.We continued to improve the energy mix, increasing the share of clean energy consumption by 1.7 percentage points and cutting the share of coal consumption by 2 percentage points.

推进水污染防治，出台土壤污染防治行动计划。开展中央环境保护督察，严肃查处一批环境违法案件，推动了环保工作深入开展。

We continued efforts to prevent and control water pollution, and adopted an action plan for preventing and controlling soil pollution.Central government inspections on environmental protection accountability were launched and violations of environmental protection laws were investigated and prosecuted, giving impetus to deeper efforts to protect the environment.七是注重保障和改善民生，人民群众获得感增强。

Seventh, we gave particular attention to ensuring and improving living standards, helping Chinese people gain a stronger sense of benefit.

在财政收支压力加大情况下，民生投入继续增加。出台新的就业创业政策，扎实做好重点人群、重点地区就业工作。全面推进脱贫攻坚，全国财政专项扶贫资金投入超过1000亿元。提高低保、优抚、退休人员基本养老金等标准，为1700多万困难和重度残疾人发放生活或护理补贴。 Despite growing preure from fiscal imbalance, we continued to increase inputs in areas related to living standards.We launched new policies on employment and busine startups, and carried out solid work on increasing employment for key target groups and priority regions.We made all-around progre in key battles to eradicate poverty and earmarked over 100 billion yuan from government budgets for poverty relief.We increased subsistence allowances, benefits for entitled groups, basic pension payments, and other subsidies; and over 17 million people benefited through the provision of cost-of-living allowances for people with disabilities in financial difficulty and nursing care subsidies for people with severe disabilities.

财政性教育经费支出占国内生产总值比例继续超过4%。重点高校招收贫困地区农村学生人数增长21.3%。免除农村贫困家庭学生普通高中学杂费。全年资助各类学校家庭困难学生8400多万人次。

Fiscal spending on education continued to be over 4 percent of GDP.The number of students from poor rural areas enrolled in key universities grew by 21.3 percent.We waived tuition and miscellaneous fees for students from poor rural families at regular senior high schools.Over the course of the year, more than 84 million grants were given to students from poor families studying in all types of schools.

整合城乡居民基本医保制度，提高财政补助标准。增加基本公共卫生服务经费。实现大病保险全覆盖，符合规定的省内异地就医住院费用可直接结算。 The basic health insurance systems for rural and nonworking urban residents were merged and government subsidies for the system were increased.More funding was provided for basic public health services.Full coverage of the serious disease insurance scheme was achieved, and healthcare costs meeting relevant provisions can now be settled on the spot when incurred anywhere within the provincial-level administrative area where insurance is registered.加强基层公共文化服务。实施全民健身计划，体育健儿在里约奥运会、残奥会上再创佳绩。

We increased public cultural services at the community level.The Fitne for All initiative was launched, and Chinese athletes gave an excellent performance at the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games in Rio de Janeiro.去年部分地区特别是长江流域发生严重洪涝等灾害，通过及时有力开展抢险救灾，紧急转移安置900多万人次，最大限度降低了灾害损失，恢复重建有序进行。

Last year, parts of the country, especially the Yangtze basin, were hit by severe flooding and other disasters.We acted quickly to provide effective rescue and relief, swiftly relocated over 9 million people, minimized damage and lo, and made systematic progre with recovery and reconstruction efforts.八是推进政府建设和治理创新，社会保持和谐稳定。

Eighth, we continued to enhance government performance and improve governance, thus ensuring social harmony and stability.

国务院提请全国人大常委会审议法律议案13件，制定修订行政法规8件。完善公共决策吸纳民意机制，认真办理人大代表建议和政协委员提案。推进政务公开，省级政府部门权力和责任清单全面公布。

The State Council submitted 13 legislative proposals to the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congre (NPC) for approval and adopted or revised 8 sets of administrative regulations.We improved mechanisms for drawing on public opinions in decision making on public iues and worked with keen attention to handle the proposals and suggestions of NPC deputies and CPPCC National Committee members.We made progre in strengthening government transparency by releasing lists of the powers and responsibilities of all provincial-level government departments.

加大督查问责力度，组织开展第三次国务院大督查，对去产能、民间投资等政策落实情况进行专项督查和第三方评估，严肃查处一些地区违规新建钢铁项目、生产销售“地条钢”等行为。

We intensified accountability inspections.The third State Council accountability inspection was carried out; special inspections and third-party evaluations were conducted on the implementation of policies related to cutting overcapacity and encouraging private investment; and new steel projects launched in breach of regulations and the production and sale of substandard steel products were strictly investigated and dealt with.加强安全生产工作，事故总量和重特大事故数量继续下降。

We strengthened workplace safety efforts and saw a continued decline in the total number of accidents and in the number of accidents of a serious nature.强化社会治安综合治理，依法打击违法犯罪，有力维护了国家安全和公共安全。 We took comprehensive measures to maintain law and order and, in accordance with law, cracked down on crime and other violations, effectively safeguarding national and public security.

扎实开展“两学一做”学习教育，认真落实党中央八项规定精神，坚决纠正“四风”，严格执行国务院“约法三章”。

We carried out in earnest activities to enable Party members to gain a good understanding of the Party Constitution, Party regulations, and General Secretary Xi Jinping’s major policy addrees and to meet Party standards.We worked scrupulously to ensure compliance with the Party Central Committee’s eight-point decision on improving Party and government conduct, took firm action to addre formalism, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance, and rigorously enforced the State Council’s three-point decision on curbing government spending.

依法惩处一批腐败分子，反腐败斗争形成压倒性态势。

We punished a number of corrupt officials in accordance with law, and the fight against corruption has built up irresistible momentum.过去一年，中国特色大国外交卓有成效。习近平主席等国家领导人出访多国，出席亚太经合组织领导人非正式会议、上海合作组织峰会、金砖国家领导人会晤、核安全峰会、联大系列高级别会议、亚欧首脑会议、东亚合作领导人系列会议等重大活动。成功举办澜沧江－湄公河合作首次领导人会议。

As a major country, China has made outstanding achievements in its diplomacy with distinctive features over the past year.President Xi Jinping and other Chinese leaders visited many countries.They attended major international events, including the 24th APEC Economic Leaders Meeting, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Summit, the BRICS Leaders Meeting, the Nuclear Security Summit, high-level meetings of the 71st seion of the UN General Aembly, the Asia-Europe Meeting, and the East Asian leaders meetings on cooperation.We hosted the first-ever Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Leaders Meeting.

同主要大国协调合作得到加强，同周边国家全面合作持续推进，同发展中国家友好合作不断深化，同联合国等国际组织联系更加密切。

China’s coordination and cooperation with other major countries were strengthened, its comprehensive cooperation with neighboring countries continued to be boosted, its friendship and cooperation with other developing countries were deepened, and its interactions with the UN and other international organizations became closer.

积极促进全球治理体系改革与完善。推动《巴黎协定》生效。经济外交、人文交流成果丰硕。坚定维护国家领土主权和海洋权益。中国作为负责任大国，在国际和地区事务中发挥了建设性作用，为世界和平与发展作出了重要贡献。 China was actively involved in reforming and improving the global governance system.We played our part in ensuring that the Paris Agreement was put into force.Economic diplomacy and personal and cultural exchanges yielded notable outcomes.We were resolute in upholding China’s sovereignty, territorial integrity, and maritime rights and interests.As a responsible major country, China has been playing a constructive role in international and regional iues and has made significant contributions to world peace and development.

隆重庆祝中国共产党成立95周年，隆重纪念中国工农红军长征胜利80周年，宣示了我们不忘初心、继续前进、战胜一切困难的坚强意志，彰显了全国人民走好新的长征路、不断夺取新胜利的坚定决心！

We celebrated the 95th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China and the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Long March of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army, demonstrating our unshakeable will to remain true to the founding miion of the Party, to keep preing ahead, and to overcome all difficulties, and showing the firm determination of all Chinese people to keep up our stride on the new Long March and continue striving for new victories.各位代表！

过去一年取得的成绩，是以习近平同志为核心的党中央正确领导的结果，是全党全军全国各族人民团结奋斗的结果。我代表国务院，向全国各族人民，向各民主党派、各人民团体和各界人士，表示诚挚感谢！向香港特别行政区同胞、澳门特别行政区同胞、台湾同胞和海外侨胞，表示诚挚感谢！向关心和支持中国现代化建设事业的各国政府、国际组织和各国朋友，表示诚挚感谢！ Esteemed Deputies,

We owe all the achievements made over the past year to the sound leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core and the concerted efforts of the Party, the military, and the people of all our nation’s ethnic groups.On behalf of the State Council, I wish to expre our sincere gratitude to all our people, including public figures from all sectors of society, and to other parties and people’s organizations.I expre our sincere appreciation to our fellow countrymen and women in the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions and in Taiwan, and to Chinese nationals overseas.I also wish to expre our heartfelt thanks to the governments of other countries, international organizations, and friends from all over the world who have shown understanding and support for China in its endeavor to modernize.我们也清醒看到，经济社会发展中还存在不少困难和问题。经济增长内生动力仍需增强，部分行业产能过剩严重，一些企业生产经营困难较多，地区经济走势分化，财政收支矛盾较大，经济金融风险隐患不容忽视。环境污染形势依然严峻，特别是一些地区严重雾霾频发，治理措施需要进一步加强。在住房、教育、医疗、养老、食品药品安全、收入分配等方面，人民群众还有不少不满意的地方。煤矿、建筑、交通等领域发生了一些重大安全事故，令人痛心。政府工作存在不足，有些改革举措和政策落实不到位，涉企收费多、群众办事难等问题仍较突出，行政执法中存在不规范不公正不文明现象，少数干部懒政怠政、推诿扯皮，一些领域腐败问题时有发生。我们一定要直面挑战，敢于担当，全力以赴做好政府工作，不辱历史使命，不负人民重托。

Yet we must not lose sight of the many problems and challenges China faces in pursuing economic and social development.The internal forces driving economic growth need to be strengthened.Overcapacity poses a serious challenge in some industries.Some enterprises face difficulties in their production and operations.Economic prospects for different regions are divergent.Fiscal imbalance is becoming great.And potential economic and financial risks cannot be overlooked.

Environmental pollution remains grave, and in particular, some areas are frequently hit by heavy smog.We need to further strengthen our steps to combat pollution.There are also many problems causing public concern in housing, education, healthcare, elderly care, food and drug safety, and income distribution.It is distreing that there were some major accidents in the coal mining, construction, and transportation sectors.

There is still room for improvement in government performance.Some reform policies and measures have not been fully implemented.Exce fees and charges being levied on businees and difficulties facing individuals who want to acce government services remain standout problems.We still see problems of laws and regulations being enforced in a non-standard, unfair, or uncivil way.A small number of government employees are lazy and neglectful of their duties or shirk responsibility.Corruption often occurs in some sectors.We must confront these challenges head-on, be ready to bear the weight of responsibility, and do our all to deliver.We must fulfill our historic miion and live up to the great trust placed in us by the Chinese people.

二、2017年工作总体部署

今年将召开中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会，是党和国家事业发展中具有重大意义的一年。做好政府工作，要在以习近平同志为核心的党中央领导下，高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，全面贯彻党的十八大和十八届三中、四中、五中、六中全会精神，以邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观为指导，深入贯彻习近平总书记系列重要讲话精神和治国理政新理念新思想新战略，统筹推进“五位一体”总体布局和协调推进“四个全面”战略布局，坚持稳中求进工作总基调，牢固树立和贯彻落实新发展理念，适应把握引领经济发展新常态，坚持以提高发展质量和效益为中心，坚持宏观政策要稳、产业政策要准、微观政策要活、改革政策要实、社会政策要托底的政策思路，坚持以推进供给侧结构性改革为主线，适度扩大总需求，加强预期引导，深化创新驱动，全面做好稳增长、促改革、调结构、惠民生、防风险各项工作，保持经济平稳健康发展和社会和谐稳定，以优异成绩迎接党的十九大胜利召开。 Esteemed Deputies, I now wish to discu with you what the government will do in 2017.

This year, the Communist Party of China will hold its 19th National Congre, so it will be a year of great significance for advancing the cause of the Party and our country.To deliver in our work this year, the government will do the following:

— Follow the leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core

— Hold high the banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics

— Implement fully the guidelines from the 18th National Party Congre and those of the third through sixth plenary seions of the 18th Party Central Committee

— Take as our guide Deng Xiaoping Theory, the Theory of Three Represents, and the Scientific Outlook on Development

— Put into practice the principles from General Secretary Xi Jinping’s major addrees and his new vision, thinking, and strategies for China’s governance — Promote balanced economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological progre and coordinated implementation of the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy(1)

— Remain committed to the underlying principle of making progre while keeping performance stable

— Gain a strong understanding of and put into practice the new development philosophy

— Adapt to, approach in the right way, and steer the new normal in economic development

— Give central importance to improving the quality and returns of development — Ensure that macro-level policy is consistent, industrial policy is targeted, micro-level policy injects dynamism into the market, reform policy delivers outcomes, and social policy sees basic living needs are met — Focus on supply-side structural reform — Expand aggregate demand as appropriate — Do better in guiding expectations

— Strengthen the role of innovation in driving development

— Maintain stable growth, promote reform, make structural adjustments, improve living standards, and guard against risks

— Maintain stable and sound economic development as well as social harmony and stability

These efforts should enable us to pave the way for the 19th National Party Congre with outstanding achievements.

综合分析国内外形势，我们要做好应对更加复杂严峻局面的充分准备。世界经济增长低迷态势仍在延续，“逆全球化”思潮和保护主义倾向抬头，主要经济体政策走向及外溢效应变数较大，不稳定不确定因素明显增加。我国发展处在爬坡过坎的关键阶段，经济运行存在不少突出矛盾和问题。困难不容低估，信心不可动摇。我国物质基础雄厚、人力资源充裕、市场规模庞大、产业配套齐全、科技进步加快、基础设施比较完善，经济发展具有良好支撑条件，宏观调控还有不少创新手段和政策储备。我们坚信，有党的坚强领导，坚持党的基本路线，坚定不移走中国特色社会主义道路，依靠人民群众的无穷创造力，万众一心、奋力拼搏，我国发展一定能够创造新的辉煌。

The developments both in and outside of China require that we are ready to face more complicated and graver situations.World economic growth remains sluggish, and both the deglobalization trend and protectionism are growing.There are many uncertainties about the direction of the major economies’ policies and their spillover effects, and the factors that could cause instability and uncertainty are visibly increasing.China is at a crucial and challenging stage in its own development endeavors, and there are many salient challenges and problems in the economy.

The difficulties we face are not to be underestimated, but we must remain confident that they will be overcome.China has a solid material foundation, abundant human resources, a huge market, and a complete system of industries.It is making faster scientific and technological progre, and has a complete range of infrastructure.We have good conditions for sustaining economic development, and many innovative tools and policy options for conducting macroeconomic regulation.We should follow the leadership of the Party, uphold the Party’s fundamental political guidelines, and keep to the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics;we should rely on the inexhaustible creativity of the people, unite as one, and forge ahead.It is our firm belief that by doing this, we will make great new achievements in China’s development.

今年发展的主要预期目标是：国内生产总值增长6.5%左右，在实际工作中争取更好结果；居民消费价格涨幅3%左右；城镇新增就业1100万人以上，城镇登记失业率4.5%以内；进出口回稳向好，国际收支基本平衡；居民收入和经济增长基本同步；单位国内生产总值能耗下降3.4%以上，主要污染物排放量继续下降。

Based on the above considerations, we have set the following key projected targets for development this year:

— GDP growth of around 6.5 percent, or higher if poible in practice — CPI increase kept at around 3 percent

— Over 11 million new urban jobs, and a registered urban unemployment rate within 4.5 percent

— A steady rise in import and export volumes, and a basic balance in international payments

— Increases in personal income basically in step with economic growth — A reduction of at least 3.4 percent in energy consumption per unit of GDP, and continued reductions in the release of major pollutants

今年的经济增长预期目标，符合经济规律和客观实际，有利于引导和稳定预期、调整结构，也同全面建成小康社会要求相衔接。稳增长的重要目的是为了保就业、惠民生。今年就业压力加大，要坚持就业优先战略，实施更加积极的就业政策。城镇新增就业预期目标比去年多100万人，突出了更加重视就业的导向。从经济基本面和就业吸纳能力看，这一目标通过努力是能够实现的。

The projected target for this year’s growth is realistic and in keeping with economic principles; it will help steer and steady expectations and make structural adjustments; and it will help achieve the goal of finishing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects.

An important reason for streing the need to maintain stable growth is to ensure employment and improve people’s lives.As employment preure grows this year, we will continue to give top priority to creating jobs and implement a more proactive employment policy.This year’s target for urban job creation is one million more than last year, underlining the greater importance we are attaching to employment.Considering our sound economic fundamentals and the capacity they bring for job creation, with hard work, this target is attainable.

Note: (1)This refers to making comprehensive moves to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, deepen reform, advance the law-based governance of China, and strengthen Party self-governance.今年要继续实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策，在区间调控基础上加强定向调控、相机调控，提高预见性、精准性和有效性，注重消费、投资、区域、产业、环保等政策的协调配合，确保经济运行在合理区间。

This year, we will continue to pursue a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy.On the basis of conducting range-based regulation, we will focus more on targeted and well-timed regulation and increase the foresight, precision, and effectivene of our regulation.We will strengthen coordination of consumption, investment, regional, industrial, and environmental protection policies, and ensure the economy performs within an appropriate range.财政政策要更加积极有效。今年赤字率拟按3%安排，财政赤字2.38万亿元，比去年增加2000亿元。其中，中央财政赤字1.55万亿元，地方财政赤字8300亿元。安排地方专项债券8000亿元，继续发行地方政府置换债券。今年赤字率保持不变，主要是为了进一步减税降费，全年再减少企业税负3500亿元左右、涉企收费约2000亿元，一定要让市场主体有切身感受。

We will pursue a more proactive and effective fiscal policy.This year’s deficit-to-GDP ratio is projected to be 3 percent, with the fiscal deficit set at 2.38 trillion yuan, representing a year-on-year increase of 200 billion yuan.To break this down, the projected deficit of the central government is 1.55 trillion yuan, and the projected deficit of local governments is 830 billion yuan.Local government special bonds to be iued will total 800 billion yuan, and local government bonds will continue to be iued to replace their outstanding debt.The main reason for keeping this year’s deficit-to-GDP ratio unchanged is to allow for further reductions in taxes and fees.Over the course of the year, the tax burden on businees will be further eased by around 350 billion yuan, and busine related fees will be further cut by around 200 billion yuan to benefit market entities.

财政预算安排要突出重点、有保有压，加大力度补短板、惠民生。对地方一般性转移支付规模增长9.5%，重点增加均衡性转移支付和困难地区财力补助。压缩非重点支出，减少对绩效不高项目的预算安排。

Government budgets should highlight priorities; spending in some areas should be maintained while in others cuts should be made; and more should be spent to strengthen areas of weakne and improve living standards.General transfer payments to local governments will be increased by 9.5 percent, with the focus on increasing transfer payments for equalizing acce to basic public services and stepping up subsidies for regions facing economic difficulties.We will scale down non-priority spending and cut budgets for projects that do not deliver desired outcomes.

各级政府要坚持过紧日子，中央部门要带头，一律按不低于5%的幅度压减一般性支出，决不允许增加“三公”经费，挤出更多资金用于减税降费，坚守节用裕民的正道。

Governments at all levels should tighten their belts, and central government departments should take the lead by cutting no le than 5 percent of their general expenditures.No increase in spending on official overseas visits, official vehicles, or official hospitality is permitted; and we will squeeze out more funds to cover cuts in taxes and fees.We will keep government spending low and enrich our people.

货币政策要保持稳健中性。今年广义货币M2和社会融资规模余额预期增长均为12%左右。要综合运用货币政策工具，维护流动性基本稳定，合理引导市场利率水平，疏通传导机制，促进金融资源更多流向实体经济，特别是支持“三农”和小微企业。坚持汇率市场化改革方向，保持人民币在全球货币体系中的稳定地位。 We will continue to pursue a prudent and neutral monetary policy.The M2 money supply and aggregate financing are forecasted to grow by around 12 percent in 2017.We will apply a full range of monetary policy instruments, maintain basic stability in liquidity, see that market interest rates remain at an appropriate level, and improve the transmiion mechanism of monetary policy.We will encourage a greater flow of financial resources into the real economy, particularly in support of agriculture, rural areas, and farmers, and small and micro businees.The RMB exchange rate will be further liberalized, and the currency’s stable position in the global monetary system will be maintained.

做好今年政府工作，要把握好以下几点。

To deliver a good performance this year, we in government should stick to the following guidelines:

一是贯彻稳中求进工作总基调，保持战略定力。稳是大局，要着力稳增长、保就业、防风险，守住金融安全、民生保障、环境保护等方面的底线，确保经济社会大局稳定。在稳的前提下要勇于进取，深入推进改革，加快结构调整，敢于啃“硬骨头”，努力在关键领域取得新进展。

First, we should make progre while maintaining stable performance and keep our strategic focus.Stability is of overriding importance.We should ensure stable growth, maintain employment, and prevent risks.To ensure overall economic and social stability we must not allow the redline to be croed concerning financial security, people’s wellbeing, or environmental protection.We should, while maintaining stable performance, endeavor to make progre, deepen reforms, accelerate structural adjustments, be prepared to take on some really tough problems, and push to make progre in key areas.

二是坚持以推进供给侧结构性改革为主线。必须把改善供给侧结构作为主攻方向，通过简政减税、放宽准入、鼓励创新，持续激发微观主体活力，减少无效低效供给、扩大有效供给，更好适应和引导需求。这是一个化蛹成蝶的转型升级过程，既充满希望又伴随阵痛，既非常紧迫又艰巨复杂。要勇往直前，坚决闯过这个关口。

Second, we should focus on supply-side structural reform.We must give priority to improving supply-side structure.We should streamline administration, reduce taxes, further expand market acce, and encourage innovation; and we should keep micro entities energized, reduce ineffective supply while expanding effective supply, and better adapt to and guide demand.Like the struggle from chrysalis to butterfly, this proce of transformation and upgrading is filled with promise but also accompanied by great pain; it is urgent, formidable, and complicated.We should pre forward with courage and get the job done.

三是适度扩大总需求并提高有效性。我国内需潜力巨大，扩内需既有必要也有可能，关键是找准发力点。要围绕改善民生来扩大消费，着眼补短板、增后劲来增加投资，使扩内需更加有效、更可持续，使供给侧改革和需求侧管理相辅相成、相得益彰。

Third, we should expand aggregate demand as appropriate and improve its efficacy.China’s potential domestic demand is enormous, and it is both neceary and poible for domestic demand to be expanded.The key is to know where to start.We need to increase consumer spending to improve people’s lives, and boost investment to strengthen areas of weakne and sustain development, so that the expansion of domestic demand becomes more effective and sustainable and supply-side reform and demand-side regulation reinforce each other.

四是依靠创新推动新旧动能转换和结构优化升级。我国发展到现在这个阶段，不靠改革创新没有出路。我们拥有世界上数量最多、素质较高的劳动力，有最大规模的科技和专业技能人才队伍，蕴藏着巨大的创新潜能。要坚持以改革开放为动力、以人力人才资源为支撑，加快创新发展，培育壮大新动能、改造提升传统动能，提高全要素生产率，推动经济保持中高速增长、产业迈向中高端水平。 Fourth, we should rely on innovation to replace old growth drivers with new ones and speed up structural improvement and upgrading.Having reached the current stage of development, China can now advance only through reform and innovation.We have the largest quality workforce as well as the largest pool of scientists, engineers, and profeionals in the world, and their potential for innovation is truly tremendous.We must continue to draw strength from reform and opening up, fully tap the potential of human resources and human capital, and move more quickly to pursue innovation-driven development.We should foster and develop new growth drivers while transforming and upgrading the traditional growth drivers, and increase total factor productivity.These steps will enable China’s economy to maintain a medium-high rate of growth and China’s industries to move toward the medium-high end.

五是着力解决人民群众普遍关心的突出问题。政府的一切工作都是为了人民，要践行以人民为中心的发展思想，把握好我国处于社会主义初级阶段的基本国情。对群众反映强烈、期待迫切的问题，有条件的要抓紧解决，把好事办好；一时难以解决的，要努力创造条件逐步加以解决。我们要咬定青山不放松，持之以恒为群众办实事、解难事，促进社会公平正义，把发展硬道理更多体现在增进人民福祉上。

Fifth, we should solve prominent problems of public concern.All government work is for the people.We should keep in mind the fact that China remains in the primary stage of socialism and pursue a people focused development philosophy.Where conditions permit, we will lose no time in solving problems about which the people have great concern and which demand speedy resolution.When problems cannot be solved for the time being, we will work to resolve them over time.We must make dedicated efforts to deliver services to the people, resolve the difficulties they face, promote social equity and justice, and demonstrate that development does better people’s lives.

三、2017年重点工作任务

I now wish to discu our major areas of work for 2017.

面对今年艰巨繁重的改革发展稳定任务，我们要通观全局、统筹兼顾，突出重点、把握关键，正确处理好各方面关系，着重抓好以下几个方面工作。 Confronted with the formidable tasks of reform and development and maintaining stability this year, we must keep in mind the big picture and adopt a holistic approach, have clear priorities and focus on key tasks, and properly handle interactions among various sectors.We should give priority to the following areas of work.

（一）用改革的办法深入推进“三去一降一补”。要在巩固成果基础上，针对新情况新问题，完善政策措施，努力取得更大成效。

1.Pushing ahead with the five priority tasks through reform

We should, on the basis of consolidating and building on what we have achieved, improve our policies and measures in light of new developments and new problems so as to make greater progre.

扎实有效去产能。今年要再压减钢铁产能5000万吨左右，退出煤炭产能1.5亿吨以上。同时，要淘汰、停建、缓建煤电产能5000万千瓦以上，以防范化解煤电产能过剩风险，提高煤电行业效率，优化能源结构，为清洁能源发展腾空间。要严格执行环保、能耗、质量、安全等相关法律法规和标准，更多运用市场化法治化手段，有效处置“僵尸企业”，推动企业兼并重组、破产清算，坚决淘汰不达标的落后产能，严控过剩行业新上产能。 Take solid and effective steps to cut overcapacity

This year, we will further reduce steel production capacity by around 50 million metric tons and shut down at least 150 million metric tons of coal production facilities.At the same time, we will suspend or postpone construction on or eliminate no le than 50 million kilowatts of coal-fired power generation capacity in order to guard against and defuse the risks of overcapacity in coal-fired power, improve the efficiency of this sector, optimize the energy mix, and make room for clean energy to develop.

We will strictly enforce all laws, regulations, and standards on environmental protection, energy consumption, quality, and safety and make more use of market- and law-based methods as we work to addre the problems of “zombie enterprises,” encourage enterprise mergers, restructuring, and bankruptcy liquidations, shut down all outdated production facilities that fail to meet standards, and stringently control the launching of new projects in industries that are already saddled with overcapacity.

去产能必须安置好职工，中央财政专项奖补资金要及时拨付，地方和企业要落实相关资金与措施，确保分流职工就业有出路、生活有保障。

As overcapacity is cut, we must provide aistance to laid-off workers.Central government special funds for rewards and subsidies should be promptly allocated and local governments and enterprises need to put in place related funds and measures, to ensure that laid-off workers can find new jobs and secure their livelihoods.

因城施策去库存。目前三四线城市房地产库存仍然较多，要支持居民自住和进城人员购房需求。

Take targeted policies to cut exce urban real estate inventory

At present, there is still exce supply in the real estate markets of third- and fourth-tier cities.We will support both local and new residents in buying homes for personal use.

坚持住房的居住属性，落实地方政府主体责任，加快建立和完善促进房地产市场平稳健康发展的长效机制，健全购租并举的住房制度，以市场为主满足多层次需求，以政府为主提供基本保障。加强房地产市场分类调控，房价上涨压力大的城市要合理增加住宅用地，规范开发、销售、中介等行为，遏制热点城市房价过快上涨。

We need to be clear that housing is for people to live in, and local governments should take primary responsibility in this respect.We should move faster to establish robust long-term mechanisms for promoting the steady and sound development of the real estate sector and build a better housing system that gives equal weight to buying and renting, with multiple levels of demand being met primarily by the market, and basic housing support provided by the government.We will take more category-based and targeted steps to regulate the real estate market.Cities that are under big preure from rising housing prices need to increase as appropriate the supply of land for residential use.We should better regulate housing development, marketing, and intermediary services, and keep home prices from rising too quickly in popular cities.目前城镇还有几千万人居住在条件简陋的棚户区，要持续进行改造。今年再完成棚户区住房改造600万套，继续发展公租房等保障性住房，因地制宜、多种方式提高货币化安置比例，加强配套设施建设和公共服务，让更多住房困难家庭告别棚户区，让广大人民群众在住有所居中创造新生活。

Today several dozen million people still live in rundown areas in cities and towns.We must continue housing renovations in these areas.This year, we will renovate another 6 million housing units in these areas, continue to develop public rental housing and other forms of government-subsidized housing, base measures on local circumstances and use multiple means to increase the use of monetary compensation for those affected by such rebuilding, and improve local infrastructure and public services.With these efforts, we will help more families struggling with housing to bid farewell to rundown areas, and see that with good roofs over their heads our people move on to better lives.

积极稳妥去杠杆。我国非金融企业杠杆率较高，这与储蓄率高、以信贷为主的融资结构有关。要在控制总杠杆率的前提下，把降低企业杠杆率作为重中之重。促进企业盘活存量资产，推进资产证券化，支持市场化法治化债转股，发展多层次资本市场，加大股权融资力度，强化企业特别是国有企业财务杠杆约束，逐步将企业负债降到合理水平。

Carry out deleveraging in an active and prudent way

There is high leverage in nonfinancial Chinese firms.This is caused by high savings rates and the composition of financing which is primarily based on credit.While working to control overall leverage, we should focus on bringing down the leverage of enterprises.We need to see that the idle aets of enterprises are put to use, push ahead with securitization of corporate aets, support market- and law-based debt-to-equity swaps, develop the multilevel capital market, expand equity financing, and place tighter constraints on enterprises, especially SOEs, in leveraging, so as to gradually reduce enterprise debt to an acceptable level.

多措并举降成本。扩大小微企业享受减半征收所得税优惠的范围，年应纳税所得额上限由30万元提高到50万元；科技型中小企业研发费用加计扣除比例由50%提高到75%，千方百计使结构性减税力度和效应进一步显现。名目繁多的收费使许多企业不堪重负，要大幅降低非税负担。 Take multiple measures to cut costs

More small businees with low profits will enjoy halved corporate income tax, with the upper limit of taxable annual income raised from 300,000 to 500,000 yuan.For small and medium high-tech enterprises, the proportion of R&D expenses covered by the additional tax reduction policy is to be raised from 50 to 75 percent.We will do all we can to see the intensity and impact of structural tax cuts deliver further results.The great number of charges have placed an unbearable burden on many businees; we are going to slash non-tax burdens.

一是全面清理规范政府性基金，取消城市公用事业附加等基金，授权地方政府自主减免部分基金。二是取消或停征中央涉企行政事业性收费35项，收费项目再减少一半以上，保留的项目要尽可能降低收费标准。各地也要削减涉企行政事业性收费。

First, we will completely overhaul government-managed funds, abolish municipal public utility surcharges, and authorize local governments to reduce and cancel some funds.

Second, we will abolish or suspend 35 administrative charges paid by enterprises to the central government, again cutting the number of charges by more than half; and then reduce as far as poible those that still apply.Local governments also need to make significant cuts to government administrative fees.

三是减少政府定价的涉企经营性收费，清理取消行政审批中介服务违规收费，推动降低金融、铁路货运等领域涉企经营性收费，加强对市场调节类经营服务性收费的监管。

Third, we will reduce government-set operating fees for businees.Unauthorized fees charged by intermediaries for government review and approval will be overhauled or abolished.We will work toward lower operating fees levied on businees in the finance and railway freight sectors.We will strengthen oversight over the collection of market-set service fees.四是继续适当降低“五险一金”有关缴费比例。五是通过深化改革、完善政策，降低企业制度性交易成本，降低用能、物流等成本。各有关部门和单位都要舍小利顾大义，使企业轻装上阵，创造条件形成我国竞争新优势。

Fourth, we will continue to lower as appropriate the share paid by enterprises for contributions to social security.

Fifth, we will deepen reforms and improve policies to reduce government imposed transaction costs for businees and lower their energy and logistics costs.

All government departments and agencies concerned should have in mind the overall interests of the country instead of their narrow departmental interests, reduce the financial burden on enterprises, and help them develop new advantages over international competition.

精准加力补短板。要针对严重制约经济社会发展和民生改善的突出问题，结合实施“十三五”规划确定的重大项目，加大补短板力度，加快提升公共服务、基础设施、创新发展、资源环境等支撑能力。

Take targeted and powerful measures to strengthen areas of weakne We need to focus on salient problems that are holding back economic and social development and making it difficult to improve people’s standards of living, and we should integrate efforts to undertake major projects set out in the 13th Five-Year Plan with efforts to strengthen areas of weakne.We should act faster to raise the capacity of public services, infrastructure, innovation-driven development, and resources and the environment to sustain development.

贫困地区和贫困人口是全面建成小康社会最大的短板。要深入实施精准扶贫精准脱贫，今年再减少农村贫困人口1000万以上，完成易地扶贫搬迁340万人。中央财政专项扶贫资金增长30%以上。加强集中连片特困地区、革命老区、边疆和民族地区开发，改善基础设施和公共服务，推动特色产业发展、劳务输出、教育和健康扶贫，做好因病等致贫返贫群众帮扶，实施贫困村整体提升工程，增强贫困地区和贫困群众自我发展能力。 Poor areas and people living in poverty represent the area of greatest weakne we must face as we work to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.We need to do more in implementing targeted poverty reduction and elimination measures.This year we will further reduce the number of rural residents living in poverty by over 10 million, including 3.4 million to be relocated from inhospitable areas.Central government funding for poverty alleviation will be increased by over 30 percent.

We need to step up development in contiguous areas of extreme poverty, old revolutionary bases, border areas, and areas with concentrations of ethnic minorities.For this we should focus on the following work: improving infrastructure and public services; fostering poverty alleviation through distinctive local businees, the domestic and overseas export of labor, and improving education and health care; providing aistance to people who become poor or sink back into poverty due to illne; implementing the program for improving life in poor villages; and building the self-development capacity of poor areas and people.

推进贫困县涉农资金整合，强化资金和项目监管。创新扶贫协作机制，支持和引导社会力量参与扶贫。切实落实脱贫攻坚责任制，实施最严格的评估考核，严肃查处假脱贫、“被脱贫”、数字脱贫，确保脱贫得到群众认可、经得起历史检验。 In poor counties, different rural development funds will be merged, and oversight over funds and projects will be strengthened.We will develop new mechanisms for coordinating poverty reduction efforts.We will support and guide non-governmental participation in combating poverty.The system for ensuring responsibility is taken for poverty elimination will be effectively enforced, the strictest poible evaluations and aements of poverty alleviation will be carried out, and stern measures will be taken to addre deception, falsification, and the manipulation of numbers in poverty elimination work.We must see that the results of our poverty elimination earn the approval of our people and stand the test of time.

（二）深化重要领域和关键环节改革。要全面深化各领域改革，加快推进基础性、关键性改革，增强内生发展动力。

2.Deepening reform in major sectors and key links Full reform will be deepened in all areas.We will move faster to advance fundamental and critical reforms to boost the internal forces driving development.

持续推进政府职能转变。使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用和更好发挥政府作用，必须深化简政放权、放管结合、优化服务改革。这是政府自身的一场深刻革命，要继续以壮士断腕的勇气，坚决披荆斩棘向前推进。 We will continue to transform government functions.

To enable the market to play the decisive role in resource allocation and to give better play to the role of government, we must deepen reforms to streamline government administration, delegate more powers, and improve regulation and service.This is a profound reform of government itself, which we need to continue to pursue with the courage to make painful self-adjustments and overcome all odds.

全面实行清单管理制度，制定国务院部门权力和责任清单，加快扩大市场准入负面清单试点，减少政府的自由裁量权，增加市场的自主选择权。清理取消一批生产和服务许可证。深化商事制度改革，实行多证合一，扩大“证照分离”改革试点。完善事中事后监管制度，实现“双随机、一公开”监管全覆盖，推进综合行政执法。加快国务院部门和地方政府信息系统互联互通，形成全国统一政务服务平台。 We will fully implement the list-based management system, formulate lists of powers and responsibilities of the departments under the State Council, accelerate the extension of trials of granting market acce on the basis of a negative list, and reduce the discretionary powers of the government while giving the market more freedom to take its course.We will abolish the requirement for permits for a number of production and service activities.We will deepen institutional reforms in the busine sector, merge different forms of certification required of businees into one certificate, and expand trials to separate operating permits and busine licenses.We will improve the system for conducting both registration and post-registration oversight over businees, apply the oversight model of random inspection and public release to cover all busine activities, and strengthen coordinated administrative law enforcement.We will accelerate efforts to make the information systems of the State Council departments and those of local governments better connected and form a nationally unified government service platform.我们一定要让企业和群众更多感受到“放管服”改革成效，着力打通“最后一公里”，坚决除烦苛之弊、施公平之策、开便利之门。

To see that businees and the public benefit more from our reforms to streamline administration, delegate powers, and improve regulation and services, we must cut red tape, level the playing field, provide greater convenience, and remove that last crucial hurdle.

继续推进财税体制改革。落实和完善全面推开营改增政策。简化增值税税率结构，今年由四档税率简并至三档，营造简洁透明、更加公平的税收环境，进一步减轻企业税收负担。加快推进中央与地方财政事权和支出责任划分改革，制定收入划分总体方案，健全地方税体系，规范地方政府举债行为。深入推进政府预决算公开，倒逼沉淀资金盘活，提高资金使用效率，每一笔钱都要花在明处、用出实效。 We will continue to reform fiscal and tax systems.

We will implement and improve policies on replacing busine tax with VAT acro the board.We will simplify the structure of VAT rates, and undertake this year to turn the four tax brackets into three.We will create a simple, transparent, and fairer tax environment and further ease the tax burden of our firms.We will move faster to advance the reform of defining the respective financial powers and expenditure responsibilities of the central and local governments, formulate an overall plan for central and local government revenue sharing, improve the local tax system, and better regulate local government debt financing.We will step up efforts to make government budgets and final accounts more transparent to create preure for idle budgetary funds to be put to good use.We must use funds more efficiently, and ensure every single sum is spent where it can be seen and produces results.抓好金融体制改革。促进金融机构突出主业、下沉重心，增强服务实体经济能力，坚决防止脱实向虚。

We will advance reforms in the financial sector.

We will prompt financial institutions to focus on their main busine and make their services acceible to small and micro businees, strengthen their ability to serve the real economy, and resolutely prevent them from being distracted from their intended purpose.鼓励大中型商业银行设立普惠金融事业部，国有大型银行要率先做到，实行差别化考核评价办法和支持政策，有效缓解中小微企业融资难、融资贵问题。发挥好政策性开发性金融作用。推进农村信用社改革，强化服务“三农”功能。 We will encourage large and medium commercial banks to establish inclusive finance departments.Large state-owned banks should take the lead in this effort.We will adopt differentiated aement and evaluation measures and supportive policies, and effectively addre the problem of medium, small, and micro enterprises being unable to acce loans or having to pay high interest to secure loans.

We will make good use of policy-backed and development-oriented finance.We will move forward with the reform of rural credit cooperatives and strengthen the role they play in meeting the needs of agriculture, rural areas, and farmers.

深化多层次资本市场改革，完善主板市场基础性制度，积极发展创业板、新三板，规范发展区域性股权市场。拓宽保险资金支持实体经济渠道。大力发展绿色金融。推动融资租赁业健康发展。

We will deepen the reform of the multi-tiered capital market, improve the basic systems of the main board, actively develop the ChiNext stock market and the new third board, and see that regional equity markets develop in a well-regulated way.We will expand channels for using insurance funds to support the real economy.We will make major efforts to develop green finance.We will give impetus to the sound development of the financial leasing industry.

当前系统性风险总体可控，但对不良资产、债券违约、影子银行、互联网金融等累积风险要高度警惕。积极稳妥推进金融监管体制改革，有序化解处置突出风险点，整顿规范金融秩序，筑牢金融风险“防火墙”。

At present, overall, systemic risks are under control.But we must be fully alert to the buildup of risks, including risks related to non-performing aets, bond defaults, shadow banking, and Internet finance.We will take active and steady steps to advance the reform of the financial regulatory system, and work systematically to defuse major potential risks.We will ensure order in the financial sector and build a firewall against financial risks.我国经济基本面好，商业银行资本充足率、拨备覆盖率比较高，可动用的工具和手段多。对守住不发生系统性金融风险的底线，我们有信心和底气、有能力和办法。

The fundamentals of the Chinese economy remain sound, the capital adequacy ratio and provision coverage of commercial banks remain high, and we have many financial tools and instruments that can be used.We have the confidence, the ability, and the means to forestall systemic risks.

深入推进国企国资改革。要以提高核心竞争力和资源配置效率为目标，形成有效制衡的公司法人治理结构、灵活高效的市场化经营机制。今年要基本完成公司制改革。

We will deepen the reform of SOEs and state capital.

We should develop a corporate governance structure (represented by legal person) that is under effective check and a flexible and efficient market-based operating system, with a view to increasing core competitivene and making resource allocation more effective.This year we will basically complete the introduction of corporate systems into SOEs.We will deepen reform to establish mixed ownership systems, and make substantive progre in industries including electric power, petroleum, natural gas, railways, civil aviation, telecommunications, and defense.

深化混合所有制改革，在电力、石油、天然气、铁路、民航、电信、军工等领域迈出实质性步伐。抓好电力和石油天然气体制改革，开放竞争性业务。持续推进国有企业瘦身健体、提质增效，抓紧剥离办社会职能，解决历史遗留问题。推进国有资本投资、运营公司改革试点。改善和加强国有资产监管，确保资产保值增值，把人民的共同财富切实守护好、发展好。

We will advance structural reform in the power, oil and gas sectors and open their competitive operations to the private sector.We will do more to make SOEs leaner and healthier, and perform better; and we will redouble efforts to relieve SOEs of their obligations to operate social programs and help them resolve other longstanding iues.We will make progre in work on piloting reforms in state capital investment and management companies.We will improve and strengthen regulation of state aets, and ensure that state aets maintain and increase their value, as we are duty bound to see that the common wealth of the people is well protected and grows.

更好激发非公有制经济活力。深入落实支持非公有制经济发展的政策措施。积极构建新型政商关系。鼓励非公有制企业参与国有企业改革。坚持权利平等、机会平等、规则平等，进一步放宽非公有制经济市场准入。凡法律法规未明确禁入的行业和领域，都要允许各类市场主体平等进入；凡向外资开放的行业和领域，都要向民间资本开放；凡影响市场公平竞争的不合理行为，都要坚决制止。 We will do more to energize the non-public sector.

We will thoroughly implement the policies and measures for supporting the development of the non-public sector.We will work actively to develop a new relationship between government and busine.We will encourage non-public enterprises to participate in SOE reforms.We must ensure equal rights, equal opportunities, and fair rules, and further expand market acce to the non-public sector.All industries and sectors for which entry is not explicitly prohibited by laws or regulations should be open to different types of market entities; all industries and sectors that are open to overseas investment should be open to Chinese private capital; and all unjustified activities that impede fair market competition should be stopped.

加强产权保护制度建设。保护产权就是保护劳动、保护发明创造、保护和发展生产力。要加快完善产权保护制度，依法保障各种所有制经济组织和公民财产权，激励人们创业创新创富，激发和保护企业家精神，使企业家安心经营、放心投资。对于侵害企业和公民产权的行为，必须严肃查处、有错必纠。 We will improve the property rights protection system.

Protecting property rights means protecting labor, protecting invention and innovation, and protecting and developing productive forces.We will work faster to improve the property rights protection system and protect in accordance with law the property rights of economic entities under all forms of ownership and the property rights of citizens.We will encourage people to start businees, make innovations, and create wealth, and we will inspire and protect entrepreneurship, and ensure that entrepreneurs can run their businees and make investments with peace of mind.Activities that infringe on the property rights of businees and citizens must be investigated and dealt with severely; anything that has been done wrong must be corrected.大力推进社会体制改革。

We will make a big push for progre in the reform of the social system.We will deepen reforms in support of change in the income distribution system.We will take steady steps to advance reform of the old-age insurance system, and allocate a portion of state capital to enlarge social security funds.We will deepen the coordinated reform of medical services, health insurance, and the medicine industry.We will introduce overall reform in public hospitals nationwide, abolish all markups on pharmaceuticals, and make coordinated progre in reforming health care pricing, staffing and remuneration, medicine distribution, and models of health insurance payment.We will continue reforms in education, the cultural sector, and public institutions to unleash society’s vast potential for growth.

深化收入分配制度配套改革。稳步推动养老保险制度改革，划转部分国有资本充实社保基金。深化医疗、医保、医药联动改革。全面推开公立医院综合改革，全部取消药品加成，协调推进医疗价格、人事薪酬、药品流通、医保支付方式等改革。深入推进教育、文化和事业单位等改革，把社会领域的巨大发展潜力充分释放出来。

深化生态文明体制改革。完善主体功能区制度和生态补偿机制，建立资源环境监测预警机制，开展健全国家自然资源资产管理体制试点，出台国家公园体制总体方案，为生态文明建设提供有力制度保障。

We will deepen institutional reform to build a sound ecological environment.We will improve the functional zoning system and the mechanisms for compensating for ecological conservation efforts; we will put in place resource and environment monitoring and early-warning mechanisms; we will launch trials to improve the state natural resource aets management system; and we will introduce an overall plan for establishing a national parks system.All these efforts should provide effective institutional safeguards for building a sound ecological environment.

（三）进一步释放国内需求潜力。推动供给结构和需求结构相适应、消费升级和有效投资相促进、区域城乡发展相协调，增强内需对经济增长的持久拉动作用。 3.Doing more to unleash the potential of domestic demand

We will push to see that the composition of supply becomes better matched with the composition of demand and that consumption upgrades and effective investment reinforce each other; we will promote coordinated development between regions and between rural and urban areas; and we will strengthen the role of domestic demand in sustaining growth.促进消费稳定增长。适应消费需求变化，完善政策措施，改善消费环境。一要加快发展服务消费。开展新一轮服务业综合改革试点，支持社会力量提供教育、文化、养老、医疗等服务。推动服务业模式创新和跨界融合，发展医养结合、文化创意等新兴消费。落实带薪休假制度，完善旅游设施和服务，大力发展乡村、休闲、全域旅游。扩大数字家庭、在线教育等信息消费。促进电商、快递进社区进农村，推动实体店销售和网购融合发展。

We will promote a steady increase in consumer spending.

We need to adapt to changes in consumer demand, improve our policies and measures, and create a better consumer environment.

First, we need to speed up the development of service consumption.We will launch a new round of trials for comprehensive reform in the service sector, and support the non-governmental sector in providing educational, cultural, elderly care, healthcare, and other services.We will encourage development of new service models and cro-sectoral integration, combined medical and elderly care services, cultural and creative services, and other emerging forms of consumption.We will ensure paid vacations are enforced, improve tourist facilities and services, and make a big push to develop rural tourism, recreational tourism, and all-for-one tourism.We will increase information consumption including digital homes and online learning.We will see that communities and rural areas have better acce to e-commerce and expre delivery services, and encourage the integrated development of physical store sales and online shopping.

二要增加高品质产品消费。引导企业增品种、提品质、创品牌，扩大内外销产品“同线同标同质”实施范围，更好满足消费升级需求。三要整顿和规范市场秩序。严肃查处假冒伪劣、虚假广告、价格欺诈等行为，加强消费者权益保护，让群众花钱消费少烦心、多舒心。

Second, we need to boost consumption of quality products.We will guide enterprises in increasing the variety of products, raising their quality, and building the brands of their products.More products sold domestically should be produced on the same production lines, meet the same standards, and be of the same quality as products for export in order to better satisfy the needs of upgrading consumption.

Third, we need to ensure order in the market.We will be strict about investigating and punishing the production and sale of counterfeit and substandard goods, false advertising, and price fraud.We will strengthen the protection of consumer rights; and we will make sure that spending is an enjoyable rather than a disappointing experience for consumers.

积极扩大有效投资。引导资金更多投向补短板、调结构、促创新、惠民生的领域。今年要完成铁路建设投资8000亿元、公路水运投资1.8万亿元，再开工15项重大水利工程，继续加强轨道交通、民用和通用航空、电信基础设施等重大项目建设。中央预算内投资安排5076亿元。落实和完善促进民间投资的政策措施。深化政府和社会资本合作，完善相关价格、税费等优惠政策，政府要带头讲诚信，决不能随意改变约定，决不能“新官不理旧账”。

We will work proactively to expand effective investment.

We will guide more investment into fields that will help to strengthen weak areas, drive structural adjustment, encourage innovation, and improve people’s lives.This year, we will invest 800 billion yuan in railway construction and 1.8 trillion yuan in highway and waterway projects.Construction on another 15 major water conservancy projects will begin; and work on major rail transport, civil and general aviation, and telecommunications infrastructure projects will be sped up.A total of 507.6 billion yuan of investment has been included in the central government budget this year.We will implement and improve policies and measures for encouraging private investment.We will continue to promote public-private partnerships, and improve related policies on preferential pricing, tax, and fee arrangements.Government must take the lead in acting in good faith and must never arbitrarily change agreements, and new officials must not disavow obligations undertaken by their predeceors.

优化区域发展格局。统筹推进三大战略和“四大板块”发展，实施好相关规划，研究制定新举措。推动国家级新区、开发区、产业园区等创新发展。支持资源枯竭、生态严重退化等地区经济转型发展。优化空域资源配置。推进海洋经济示范区建设，加快建设海洋强国，坚决维护国家海洋权益。 We will improve planning for regional development.

We will coordinate the launching of three strategic initiatives and the development of the eastern, central, western, and northeastern regions.We will ensure related plans are well implemented and explore and adopt new measures.We will boost the development of national-level new areas, development zones, and industrial parks through innovation.We will support the economic transformation and development of areas hurt by resource depletion and severe ecological degradation.Airspace resources will be better allocated.We will speed up the development of maritime economy demonstration zones, we will move faster to develop China into a strong maritime country, and we will be resolute in safeguarding China’s maritime rights and interests.扎实推进新型城镇化。深化户籍制度改革，今年实现进城落户1300万人以上，加快居住证制度全覆盖。支持中小城市和特色小城镇发展，推动一批具备条件的县和特大镇有序设市，发挥城市群辐射带动作用。

We will take solid steps to pursue a new type of urbanization.

We will deepen the reform of the household registration system.This year, at least 13 million new urban residents will be registered as permanent urban residents.We will speed up work to introduce the urban residence card system nationwide.We will support the development of small and medium cities and small towns with distinctive local features.We will help a number of counties and very large towns that meet the criteria to steadily develop into cities, and we will make city clusters better play their role in driving the development of their surrounding areas.

促进“多规合一”，提升城市规划设计水平。推进建筑业改革发展，提高工程质量。统筹城市地上地下建设，加强城市地质调查，再开工建设城市地下综合管廊2000公里以上，启动消除城区重点易涝区段三年行动，推进海绵城市建设，有效治理交通拥堵等“城市病”，使城市既有“面子”、更有“里子”。

We will encourage local governments to integrate their urban plans into single master plans and raise the standard of municipal planning and design.We will take more steps to reform and develop the construction industry, and improve the quality of construction projects.We will promote coordinated urban development above and below the ground, strengthen geological surveying, and begin construction on at least another 2,000 kilometers of underground utility tunnels in cities.A three-year initiative will be launched to remove the risk of flooding in highly vulnerable urban areas, further progre will be made in the development of sponge cities, and effective steps will be taken to addre traffic congestion and other urban maladies.All these efforts will make our cities more attractive and function better.

（四）以创新引领实体经济转型升级。实体经济从来都是我国发展的根基，当务之急是加快转型升级。要深入实施创新驱动发展战略，推动实体经济优化结构，不断提高质量、效益和竞争力。

4.Transforming and upgrading the real economy through innovation The real economy has always been the foundation of China’s development; the task we now face is to speed up its transformation and upgrading.We will do more to implement the strategy of innovation-driven development, upgrade the structure of the real economy, and improve its performance and competitivene.

提升科技创新能力。完善对基础研究和原创性研究的长期稳定支持机制，建设国家重大科技基础设施和技术创新中心，打造科技资源开放共享平台。推进全面创新改革试验。改革科技评价制度。切实落实高校和科研院所自主权，落实股权期权和分红等激励政策，落实科研经费和项目管理制度改革，让科研人员不再为杂事琐事分心劳神。

We will strengthen our capability for making technological innovations.We will improve mechanisms for providing continued long-term support for fundamental research and original research, build major national infrastructure projects for science and technology and set up technological innovation hubs, and establish platforms for sharing R&D resources.

We will continue piloting reforms for all-around innovation.We will reform the system for aeing scientific and technological achievements.We will see our universities and research institutes truly operate with autonomy, ensure that incentive policies like stocks, options, and dividends are implemented, and implement the reform of the systems for managing research funding and projects.These steps should keep our scientists and engineers from being distracted and allow them to focus on their research.

开展知识产权综合管理改革试点，完善知识产权创造、保护和运用体系。深化人才发展体制改革，实施更加有效的人才引进政策，广聚天下英才，充分激发科研人员积极性，定能成就创新大业。

We will begin piloting reforms to conduct integrated management of intellectual property rights and improve the system for creating, protecting, and applying intellectual property rights.

We will deepen reform of China’s systems for cultivating talent and introduce more effective policies for bringing in talent from overseas.By welcoming the world’s brightest minds to China and fully motivating our scientists and engineers, we will use innovation to accomplish great things.加快培育壮大新兴产业。全面实施战略性新兴产业发展规划，加快新材料、新能源、人工智能、集成电路、生物制药、第五代移动通信等技术研发和转化，做大做强产业集群。支持和引导分享经济发展，提高社会资源利用效率，便利人民群众生活。本着鼓励创新、包容审慎原则，制定新兴产业监管规则，引导和促进新兴产业健康发展。深化统计管理体制改革，健全新兴产业统计。 We will accelerate the development of emerging industries.

We will fully implement our plan for developing strategic emerging industries.We will accelerate R&D on and commercialization of new materials, new energy, artificial intelligence, integrated circuits, bio-pharmacy, 5G mobile communications, and other technologies, and develop industrial clusters in these fields.We will continue to support and guide the development of the sharing economy to enable greater efficiency in the use of resources and bring greater convenience to our people.We will formulate regulatory rules for emerging industries in keeping with the principle of encouraging innovation and conducting regulation in a tolerant and prudent way, and guide and promote the healthy development of emerging industries.We will deepen reform of the statistics management system and improve statistics on emerging industries.

在互联网时代，各领域发展都需要速度更快、成本更低、安全性更高的信息网络。今年网络提速降费要迈出更大步伐，年内全部取消手机国内长途和漫游费，大幅降低中小企业互联网专线接入资费，降低国际长途电话费，推动“互联网+”深入发展、促进数字经济加快成长，让企业广泛受益、群众普遍受惠。

In the age of the Internet, faster, safer, and more cost-effective information networks are crucial to the development of every sector.This year, we will do more to increase broadband speed and lower rates for Internet services.Mobile rates for domestic roaming and long-distance calls will be cancelled; rates for broadband services for small and medium enterprises will be slashed; and rates for international calls will be lowered.We will push forward with the Internet Plus action plan and speed up the development of the digital economy.I am confident that all these steps will benefit both businees and our people.大力改造提升传统产业。深入实施《中国制造2025》，加快大数据、云计算、物联网应用，以新技术新业态新模式，推动传统产业生产、管理和营销模式变革。 We will endeavor to transform and upgrade traditional industries.

We will intensify efforts to implement the Made in China 2025 initiative, promote accelerated application of big data, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things, and use new technologies, new forms of busine, and new models to bring about transformation in the production, management, and marketing models of traditional industries.

把发展智能制造作为主攻方向，推进国家智能制造示范区、制造业创新中心建设，深入实施工业强基、重大装备专项工程，大力发展先进制造业，推动中国制造向中高端迈进。完善制造强国建设政策体系，以多种方式支持技术改造，促进传统产业焕发新的蓬勃生机。

With the development of smart manufacturing as our focus, we will pre ahead with building national smart manufacturing demonstration zones and manufacturing innovation centers.We will work hard on the implementation of projects to build a robust foundation for industrial development and projects to develop and make major equipment, and we will make a big push to develop advanced manufacturing, thus moving toward mid- and high-end manufacturing.We will improve policies designed to turn China into a manufacturer of quality, and we will adopt a variety of supportive measures for technological upgrading and re-energize traditional industries.

持续推进大众创业、万众创新。“双创”是以创业创新带动就业的有效方式，是推动新旧动能转换和经济结构升级的重要力量，是促进机会公平和社会纵向流动的现实渠道，要不断引向深入。

We will continue to encourage people to start businees and make innovations.

Our policy of encouraging people to start businees and innovate is an effective way of creating jobs through busine startups and innovation; it is an important source of strength that fosters new growth drivers to replace old ones and that upgrades the economic structure; and it is an effective channel for promoting equal opportunity and facilitating vertical social mobility.We must keep on pushing hard with this policy.

新建一批“双创”示范基地，鼓励大企业和科研院所、高校设立专业化众创空间，加强对创新型中小微企业支持，打造面向大众的“双创”全程服务体系，使各类主体各展其长、线上线下良性互动，使小企业铺天盖地、大企业顶天立地，市场活力和社会创造力竞相迸发。

We will establish more entrepreneurship and innovation demonstration centers; we will encourage large enterprises, research institutes, and universities to establish specialized spaces for crowd innovation; we will strengthen support for innovative medium, small and micro businees; and we will develop a full range of services that are acceible to the general public for the entire busine startup and innovation proce.All this should help entities to fully exploit their own strengths and interact both on- and off-line, and see small enterprises burgeoning nationwide, large enterprises growing mighty, and market dynamism and social creativity being fully unleashed.全面提升质量水平。广泛开展质量提升行动，加强全面质量管理，夯实质量技术基础，强化质量监督，健全优胜劣汰质量竞争机制。质量之魂，存于匠心。要大力弘扬工匠精神，厚植工匠文化，恪尽职业操守，崇尚精益求精，完善激励机制，培育众多“中国工匠”，打造更多享誉世界的“中国品牌”，推动中国经济发展进入质量时代。

We will take comprehensive steps to improve product quality.

We will take a broad range of actions to raise quality, strengthening all-around quality management, building firm technological foundations for product quality, tightening quality oversight, and improving the competitive mechanism that links a firm’s fate in busine to the quality of its products.Quality is born of workmanship.We will promote workmanship and foster a culture of workmanship where workers have a strong work ethic and tirelely seek improvement.We will refine our incentive mechanisms and see great numbers of Chinese workers exemplify workmanship and more Chinese brands enjoy international recognition.We will usher in an era of quality for economic development in China.

（五）促进农业稳定发展和农民持续增收。深入推进农业供给侧结构性改革，完善强农惠农政策，拓展农民就业增收渠道，保障国家粮食安全，推动农业现代化与新型城镇化互促共进，加快培育农业农村发展新动能。

5.Promoting steady development of agriculture and continued increases in rural incomes

We will do more to advance supply-side structural reform in agriculture, improve policies to boost agriculture and benefit farmers, and create more channels for rural residents to find employment and increase their incomes.We will ensure China’s food security, see that agricultural modernization and new urbanization reinforce each other, and speed up efforts to foster new drivers powering agricultural and rural development.

推进农业结构调整。引导农民根据市场需求发展生产，增加优质绿色农产品供给，扩大优质水稻、小麦生产，适度调减玉米种植面积，粮改饲试点面积扩大到1000万亩以上。鼓励多渠道消化玉米库存。支持主产区发展农产品精深加工，发展观光农业、休闲农业，拓展产业链价值链，打造农村一二三产业融合发展新格局。 We will push forward with structural adjustment in agriculture.We will guide farmers in responding to market demand, increasing the supply of quality green agricultural products and the production of quality rice and wheat, and making appropriate reductions to the amount of land devoted to growing corn.We will expand trials to replace grain crop with feed crop cultivation to cover over 667,000 hectares.We will encourage the use of multiple channels to reduce exce stockpiles of corn.We will support major agricultural production areas in developing intensive proceing of agricultural products, develop farm-based recreation or agritourism, extend industry chains and value chains, and step up the integrated development of primary, secondary, and tertiary industries in rural areas.

加强现代农业建设。加快推进农产品标准化生产、品牌创建和保护，打造粮食生产功能区、重要农产品生产保护区、特色农产品优势区和现代农业产业园。推进土地整治，大力改造中低产田，推广旱作技术，新增高效节水灌溉面积2000万亩。加强耕地保护，改进占补平衡。

We will boost the development of modern agriculture.

We will work faster to see due standards are followed in agricultural production, and promote the development and protection of brand name agricultural products.We will create functional zones for grain production, major agricultural product protection areas, areas for growing quality and distinctively local agricultural products, and modern agriculture industrial parks.We will continue to improve rural land, upgrade low- and medium-yield cropland, and spread dry-farming techniques, adding 1.33 million hectares of farmland under highly water-efficient irrigation.We will strengthen the protection of cultivated land and improve work to offset cultivated land used for other purposes.

发展多种形式适度规模经营，是中国特色农业现代化的必由之路，离不开农业保险有力保障。今年在13个粮食主产省选择部分县市，对适度规模经营农户实施大灾保险，调整部分财政救灾资金予以支持，提高保险覆盖面和理赔标准，完善农业再保险体系，以持续稳健的农业保险助力现代农业发展。

Developing appropriately scaled, diversified farming operations is vital for Chinese-style agricultural modernization, and these operations need to be covered by agricultural insurance.This year, in selected counties and county-level cities in 13 major grain-producing provinces, we will provide catastrophe insurance for farmers engaging in appropriately scaled farming operations.We will channel a portion of budgetary disaster relief funds into this initiative and expand the coverage and raise the benefits of the insurance scheme.We will improve the agricultural reinsurance system.We wish to use sustainable and sound agricultural insurance schemes to drive the development of modern agriculture.

深化农村改革。稳步推进农村集体产权制度改革，深化农村土地制度改革试点，赋予农民更多财产权利。完善粮食等重要农产品价格形成机制和收储制度，推进农业水价综合改革。深化集体林权、国有林区林场、农垦、供销社等改革。加强农村基层组织建设。健全农村“双创”促进机制，培养更多新型职业农民，支持农民工返乡创业，进一步采取措施鼓励高校毕业生、退役军人、科技人员到农村施展才华。

We will deepen rural reforms.

We will take steady steps to reform the rural collective property rights system and deepen the pilot reform of the rural land system to see our farmers are granted more property rights.

We will improve pricing mechanisms for grain and other important agricultural products as well as the system for their purchase and storage.We will carry out comprehensive reform of the pricing for water used in agriculture.We will deepen reforms related to collective forest tenure, state forestry areas and farms, state-owned farms, and rural supply and marketing cooperatives.We will strengthen the development of rural community-level organizations.We will improve the mechanisms for encouraging busine startups and innovation in rural areas, train more profeional farmers of new kinds, support migrant workers in starting businees in their hometowns and villages, and take further measures to encourage college graduates, demobilized military personnel, and scientists and engineers to work in rural areas.

加强农村公共设施建设。新建改建农村公路20万公里。实现农村稳定可靠供电服务和平原地区机井通电全覆盖。完成3万个行政村通光纤。提高农村饮水安全供水保证率。加大农村危房改造力度。深入推进农村人居环境整治，建设既有现代文明、又具田园风光的美丽乡村。 We will step up the development of public facilities in rural areas.

A total of 200,000 kilometers of roads will be upgraded or built in rural areas.We will see that all rural areas have a steady and reliable supply of power and that all electric pumpsets on rural flatlands are connected.Fiber-optic broadband will be extended to 30,000 administrative villages.We will increase water supply to better ensure acce to safe drinking water.We will intensify efforts to renovate dilapidated houses and improve rural living environments.Our goal is to develop rural China into a place where people can enjoy both the beauty of the countryside and the conveniences of modern living.

（六）积极主动扩大对外开放。面对国际环境新变化和国内发展新要求，要进一步完善对外开放战略布局，加快构建开放型经济新体制，推动更深层次更高水平的对外开放。

6.Actively expanding China’s opening up to the world

Faced with new changes in the international environment and the new requirements of China’s development, we need to further refine our strategic plan for opening up, work faster to build new systems for an open economy, and drive China toward both deeper and higher level opening up.

扎实推进“一带一路”建设。坚持共商共建共享，加快陆上经济走廊和海上合作支点建设，构建沿线大通关合作机制。深化国际产能合作，带动我国装备、技术、标准、服务走出去，实现优势互补。加强教育、科技、文化、卫生、旅游等人文交流合作。高质量办好“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛，同奏合作共赢新乐章。 We will make solid efforts to pursue the Belt and Road Initiative.

Guided by the principle of achieving shared growth through consultation and collaboration, we will accelerate the building of overland economic corridors and maritime cooperation hubs, and establish cooperative mechanisms for achieving compatibility in customs clearance procedures along the routes.We will deepen international industrial-capacity cooperation, promoting the export of Chinese equipment, technologies, standards, and services, to see that China and other countries are able to draw on each other’s strengths.We will strengthen personal and cultural exchanges and cooperation in education, science and technology, culture, healthcare, and tourism.We will see that in

第19篇：独立宣言中英对照

The Declaration of Independence

The Declaration of Independence of the Thirteen Colonies In CONGRESS, July 4, 1776

The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America,

When in the Course of human events, it becomes neceary for one people to diolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to aume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature\'s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.

在人类历史事件的进程中，当一个民族必须解除其与另一个民族之间迄今所存在着的政治联系、而在世界列国之中取得那“自然法则”和“自然神明”所规定给他们的独立与平等的地位时，就有一种真诚的尊重人类公意的心理，要求他们一定要把那些迫使他们不得已而独立的原因宣布出来。

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happine.--That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, --That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happine.Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed.But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.--Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the neceity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government.The history of the present King of Great Britain [George III] is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States.To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid world.

我们认为这些真理是不言而喻的：人人生而平等，他们都从他们的“造物主”那边被赋予了某些不可转让的权利，其中包括生命权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。为了保障这些权利，所以才在人们中间成立政府。而政府的正当权力，则系得自被统治者的同意。如果遇有任何一种形式的政府变成损害这些目的的，那末，人民就有权利来改变它或废除它，以建立新的政府。这新的政府，必须是建立在这样的原则的基础之上，并且是按照这样的方式来组织它的权力机关，庶几就人民看来那是最能够促进他们的安全和幸福的。诚然，谨慎的心理会主宰着人们的意识，认为不应该为了轻微的、暂时的原因而把设立已久的政府予以变更；而过去一切的经验也正是表明，只要当那些罪恶尚可容忍时，人类总是宁愿默然忍受，而不愿废除他们所习惯了的那种政治形式以恢复他们自己的权利。然而，当一个政府恶贯满盈、倒行逆施、一贯地奉行着那一个目 标，显然是企图把人民抑压在绝对专制主义的淫威之下时，人民就有这种权利，人民就有这种义务，来推翻那样的政府，而为他们未来的安全设立新的保障。----我们这些殖民地的人民过去一向是默然忍辱吞声，而现在却被迫地必须起来改变原先的政治体制，其原因即在于此。现今大不列颠国王的历史，就是一部怙恶不悛、倒行逆施的历史，他那一切的措施都只有一个直接的目的，即在我们各州建立一种绝对专制的统治。为了证明这一点，让我们把具体的事实胪陈于公正的世界人士之前：

He has refused his Aent to Laws, the most wholesome and neceary for the public good.

他一向拒绝批准那些对于公共福利最有用和最必要的法律。

He has forbidden his Governors to pa Laws of immediate and preing importance, unle suspended in their operation till his Aent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them.

他一向禁止他的总督们批准那些紧急而迫切需要的法令，除非是那些法令在未得其本人的同意以前，暂缓发生效力；而在这样展缓生效的期间，他又完全把那些法令置之不理。

He has refused to pa other Laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unle those people would relinquish the right of Representation in the Legislature, a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only.

他一向拒绝批准其他的把广大地区供人民移居垦殖的法令，除非那些人民愿意放弃其在立法机关中的代表权。此项

代表权对人民说来实具有无可估量的意义，而只有对暴君说来才是可怕的。

He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their public Records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.

他一向是把各州的立法团体召集到那些特别的、不方便的、远离其公文档案库的地方去开会。其唯一的目的就在使那些立法团体疲于奔命，以服从他的指使。

He has diolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmne his invasions on the rights of the people.

他屡次解散各州的议会，因为这些议会曾以刚强不屈的坚毅的精神，反抗他那对于人民权利的侵犯。

He has refused for a long time, after such diolutions, to cause others to be elected; whereby the Legislative powers, incapable of Annihilation, have returned to the People at large for their exercise; the State remaining in the mean time exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions within.

他在解散各州的议会以后，又长时期地不让人民另行选举；这样，那不可抹杀的“立法权”便又重新回到广大人民的手中，归人民自己来施行了；而这时各州仍然险象环生，外有侵略的威胁，内有*的危机。

He has endeavoured to prevent the population of these States; for that purpose obstructing the Laws for Naturalization of Foreigners; refusing to pa others to encourage their migrations hither, and raising the conditions of new Appropriations of Lands.

他一向抑制各州人口的增加；为此目的，他阻止批准“外籍人归化法案”；他又拒绝批准其他的鼓励人民移殖的法令，并且更提高了新的“土地分配法令”中的限制条例。

He has obstructed the Administration of Justice, by refusing his Aent to Laws for establishing Judiciary powers.

他拒绝批准那些设置司法权力机关的法案，借此来阻止司法工作的执行。

He has made Judges dependent on his Will alone, for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries.

他一向要使法官的任期年限及其薪金的数额，完全由他个人的意志来决定。

He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of Officers to hara our people, and eat out their substance.

他滥设了许多新的官职，派了大批的官吏到这边来箝制我们人民，并且盘食我们的民脂民膏。

He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies without the consent of our legislatures.

在和平的时期，他不得到我们立法机关的同意，就把常备军驻屯在我们各州。

He has affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Civil power.

他一向是使军队不受民政机关的节制，而且凌驾于民政机关之上。

He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his Aent to their Acts of pretended Legislation:

他一向与其他的人狼狈为奸，要我们屈伏在那种与我们的宪法格格不入，并且没有被我们的法律所承认的管辖权之下；他批准他们那些假冒的法案来达到以下目的：

For Quartering large bodies of armed troops among us:

把大批的武装部队驻扎在我们各州；

For protecting them, by a mock Trial, from punishment for any Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants of these States:

用一种欺骗性的审判来包庇那些武装部队，使那些对各州居民犯了任何谋杀罪的人得以逍遥法外；

For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world:

割断我们与世界各地的贸易；

For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent:

不得到我们的允许就向我们强迫征税；

For depriving us, in many cases, of the benefits of Trial by Jury:

在许多案件中剥夺我们在司法上享有“陪审权”的利益；

For transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for pretended offences:

以“莫须有”的罪名，把我们逮解到海外的地方去受审；

For abolishing the free System of English Laws in a neighbouring Province, establishing therein an Arbitrary government, and enlarging its Boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these Colonies:

在邻近的地区废除那保障自由的英吉利法律体系，在那边建立一个横暴的政府，并且扩大它的疆界，要使它迅即成为一个范例和适当的工具，以便把那同样的专制的统治引用到这些殖民地来；

For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable Laws, and altering fundamentally the Forms of our Governments:

剥夺我们的“宪章”，废弃我们那些最宝贵的法令，并且从根本上改变我们政府的形式；

For suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever.

停闭我们自己的立法机关，反而说他们自己有权得在任何一切场合之下为我们制定法律。

He has abdicated Government here, by declaring us out of his Protection and waging War against us.

他宣布我们不在其保护范围之内并且对我们作战，这样，他就已经放弃了在这里的政权了。

He has plundered our seas, ravaged our Coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people.

他一向掠夺我们的海上船舶，骚扰我们的沿海地区，焚毁我们的市镇，并且残害我们人民的生命。

He is at this time transporting large Armies of foreign Mercenaries to compleat the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of Cruelty and perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the Head of a civilized nation.

他此刻正在调遣着大量的外籍雇佣军，要来把我们斩尽杀绝，使我们庐舍为墟，并肆行专制的荼毒。他已经造成了残民以逞的和蔑信弃义的气氛，那在人类历史上最野蛮的时期都是罕有其匹的。他完全不配做一个文明国家的元首。

He has constrained our fellow Citizens taken Captive on the high Seas to bear Arms against their Country, to become the executioners of their friends and Brethren, or to fall themselves by their Hands.

他一向强迫我们那些在海上被俘虏的同胞公民们从军以反抗其本国，充当屠杀其兄弟朋友的刽子手，或者他们自己被其兄弟朋友亲手所杀死。

He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavoured to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the mercile Indian Savages, whose known rule of warfare, is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions.

他一向煽动我们内部的叛乱，并且一向竭力勾结我们边疆上的居民、那些残忍的印第安蛮族来侵犯。印第安人所著称的作战方式，就是不论男女、老幼和情况，一概毁灭无遗。

In every stage of these Oppreions We have Petitioned for Redre in the most humble terms: Our repeated Petitions have been answered only by repeated injury.A Prince whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people.

在他施行这些高压政策的每一个阶段，我们都曾经用最谦卑的词句吁请改革；然而，我们屡次的吁请，结果所得到的答复却只是屡次的侮辱。一个如此罪恶昭彰的君主，其一切的行为都可以确认为暴君，实不堪做一个自由民族的统治者。

Nor have We been wanting in attentions to our British brethren.We have warned them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us.We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here.We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpations, which, would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence.They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity.We must, therefore, acquiesce in the neceity, which denounces our Separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, Enemies in War, in Peace Friends.

我们对于我们的那些英国兄弟们也不是没有注意的。我们曾经时时警告他们不要企图用他们的立法程序，把一种不合法的管辖权横加到我们身上来。我们曾经提醒他们注意到我们在此地移殖和居住的实际情况。我们曾经向他们天生的正义感和侠义精神呼吁，而且我们也曾经用我们那同文同种的亲谊向他们恳切陈词，要求取消那些例行逆施的暴政，认为那些暴政势必特使我们之间的联系和友谊归于破裂。然而，他们也同样地把这正义的、血肉之亲的呼吁置若罔闻。因此，我们不得不承认与他们有分离之必要，而我们对待他们也就如同对待其他的人类一样，在战时是仇敌，在平时则为朋友。

We, therefore, the Representatives of the united States of America, in General Congre, Aembled, appealing to the

Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by the Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally diolved; and that as Free and Independent States, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do.And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes and our sacred Honor.

因此，我们这些集合在大会中的美利坚合众国的代表们，吁请世界人士的最高裁判，来判断我们这些意图的正义性。我们以这些殖民地的善良人民的名义和权力，谨庄严地宣布并昭告：这些联合殖民地从此成为、而且名正言顺地应当成为自由独立的合众国；它们解除对于英王的一切隶属关系，而它们与大不列颠王国之间的一切政治联系亦应从此完全废止。作为自由独立的合众国，它们享有全权去宣战、媾和、缔结同盟、建立商务关系、或采取一切其他凡为独立国家所理应采取的行动和事宜。为了拥护此项“宣言”，怀着深信神明福佑的信心，我们谨以我们的生命、财产和神圣的荣誉互相共同保证，永誓无贰。

第20篇：清明上河图中英对照

Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival 清明上河图

\"Riverside Scene at Qingming 清明上河图是北宋画家张择端(960-1127)创作的Festival\" is a panoramic（全景的） 全景图.是张择端唯一现在的杰作,现作为国宝被北painting by Zhang Zeduan(张择端), 京故宫博物院收藏。 an artist in the Northern Song

这幅手卷画528.7厘米长、24.8厘米宽。它展Dynasty (北宋)(960-1127).It is the

描绘了在清明时节北宋京only existing masterpiece 杰作from 现了当时城乡的经济活动，Zhang, and has been collected by 城汴京（当今河南开封市）各个阶层的生活场景。这the Palace Museum in Beijing as a 是对当时京城以及当地居民生活情况进行研究的重national treasure(国家宝藏).要参考资料。

The hand scroll painting手卷画is capture：vt.俘获；夺得；n.捕获；战利品，俘虏 528.7 cm long and 24.8 cm wide.It 词义辨析：arrest,seize,catch,capture,trap这组provides a window展现to the period\'s

词都有“抓住，捕捉”的意思，其区别是：arresteconomic activities in urban and rural areas, and captures描绘the daily life 指根据法律或命令进行逮捕并予以监禁或拘留。of people of all ranks in the capital seize侧重指以突然、有力地动作迅速抓住或捉住。city of Bianjing (today\'s Kaifeng, catch普通用词，指捉住跑动或隐藏中的人或动物，Henan Province) during Qingming 一般指活捉。capture指通过武力或计谋等，战胜抵Festival in the Northern Song 抗而捉住敌人或动物。trap多指诱捕。本文中captureDynasty.It is an important historical 是“捕捉、捕获”的意思，捕捉到某一个画面。如果reference material for the study of the 对应到某幅画，

可以翻译为“描绘”。providesawindowcity then as well as the life its

译为“为„„提供了窗口”，根据文中大意，可以灵residents rich and poor.The painting is composed of活译为“展现”。

这幅画有三部分组成：农村的春景、汴河上繁华由……组成 three parts: spring in the

清明上河图也因为画中各rural area, busy Bianhe River ports, 场景以及繁荣的城市街道。and prosperous繁荣的city streets.种自然元素、建筑、船艇以及小桥、集市、店铺还有The painting is also known for its 人物、风景等在空间上精确合理的布局而闻名于世。geometrically accurate images of 清明上河图中有550余人，但是他们各着不同服饰，variety natural elements and

表情各异，身体姿势也是变化万千。它是中国绘画中architectures, boats and bridges, market place and stores, people and 最享有盛名的著作，被称作 “中国的蒙娜丽莎”。 scenery.Over 550 people in different Composevt组成，构成；创作(文学、音乐、绘画等作clothes服饰, expreions表情 and 品)；整理，整顿词义辨析:invent,compose,make, postures姿势 are shown in the create,design,produce这组词都有“创造”的意思，painting.It is often considered to be 其区别是：invent主要用于科技领域，指通过思考、the most renowned work among all 研究或实验制造出新的前所未有、极为有用的东西。the Chinese paintings, and it has compose多指音乐或诗歌、画的创作。make最普通用been called \"China\'s Mona Lisa.\"

词，指任何东西的创作或制造。create侧重创造出来的东西以前并不存在，或者指独具特色的创作。design主要指在艺术或技术领域的创作设计，强调构思多于实际制造。produce指产品的生产，或作品创作的完成。geometrically 意思是“几何学上的”geometrically accurate images表面译为“几何上精确的图片”，根据文中的意境，应该是“各个元素

在空间上合理而准确的布局”。

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