城市英文

推荐第1篇：休闲和我的城市英文演讲稿

Leisure and my city

Ladies and gentlemen:

The title of my speech today is Leisure and my city

As is known to all， Laixi is one of the ten most livable city.To a large degree, it owes much to its exceptional advantage- pleasant climate and beautiful scenery.However,

maybe you have never heard that Laixi is also a leisure city .

There are lots of wonderful and exciting things waiting for you in New Laixi, a dynamic modern city with thousands years of cultural treasures woven into the urban tapestry .The city offers Cuizifan art gallery ,Borun museum discos ,,all kinds of restaurants and shopping malls that will amaze and delight you.

Most people in Laixi are fond of leisure sports.Going around the city you can see teenagers breakdancing, couples climbing mountains and the old performing traditional Chinese Taiji.When night falls , squaresare always full of people who are doing excise.

In the recent years the city government has attached great importance to the infrastructure construction, especially advocated construction of leisure sports place in

the comprehensive park.Today I would like to introduce two representative parks Laxi lake aquatic center and Jiangshan sports and leisure park.It is precisely the two parks that will host ten sporting events at the 2015 World Leisure Games.Laixi lake is the largest freshwater lake injiaodong peninsula.The Lake Road has a total length of 32 km .Dozens of national and provincial lake

road cycling races, fishing contests and cro-country races had been held here.Infrastructure building, such aswharf and judge\'s boxes have also been put on the agenda..Design and construction of the site will fully meet the requirements of the national Ski Aociation technical requirements and environmental technology.Jiangshan sports and leisure park is located in Jiangshanwetland.The wetland covers a totalof 13.3 square kilometers.It is the largest wetland ecosystem and wildlife distribution hub in Qingdao.It is also an inhabit of more than 20 kinds ofwild animalsunder the first-cla or the second-cla national protection and they constitute a

unique natural scenery .Equestrian club、golf course on water、yacht Club etc had been built in the wetland.

I am afraid I have no ability to present the whole picture of our city within such a short period of time.But, Ladies and gentlemen, please believe that Laixi will prove all of you a land of wonders and will not regret you.Come on, ladies and gentlemen, enjoy and have a good time here!

Thank you.

推荐第2篇：休闲和我的城市英文演讲稿

Leisure and my city

Ladies and gentlemen: The title of my speech today is Leisure and my city As is known to all， Laixi is one of the ten most livable city.To a large degree, it owes much to its exceptional advantage- pleasant climate and beautiful scenery.However, maybe you have never heard that Laixi is also a leisure city .There are lots of wonderful and exciting things waiting for you in New Laixi, a dynamic modern city with thousands years of cultural treasures woven into the urban tapestry .The city offers Cuizifan art gallery ,Borun museum discos ,,all kinds of restaurants and shopping malls that will amaze and delight you.Most people in Laixi are fond of leisure sports.Going around the city you can see teenagers breakdancing, couples climbing mountains and the old performing traditional Chinese Taiji.When night falls , squares are always full of people who are doing excise.In the recent years the city government has attached great importance to the infrastructure construction, especially advocated construction of leisure sports place in the comprehensive park.Today I would like to introduce two representative parks Laxi lake aquatic center and Jiangshan sports and leisure park.It is precisely the two parks that will host ten sporting events at the 2015 World Leisure Games.Laixi lake is the largest freshwater lake in jiaodong peninsula.The Lake Road has a total length of 32 km .Dozens of national and provincial lake road cycling races, fishing contests and cro-country races had been held here.Infrastructure building, such as wharf and judge\'s boxes have also been put on the agenda..Design and construction of the site will fully meet the requirements of the national Ski Aociation technical requirements and environmental technology.Jiangshan sports and leisure park is located in Jiangshan wetland.The wetland covers a total of 13.3 square kilometers.It is the largest wetland ecosystem and wildlife distribution hub in Qingdao.It is also an inhabit of more than 20 kinds of wild animals under the first-cla or the second-cla national protection and they constitute a unique natural scenery .Equestrian club、golf course on water、yacht Club etc had been built in the wetland.I am afraid I have no ability to present the whole picture of our city within such a short period of time.But,

Ladies and gentlemen, please believe that Laixi will prove all of you a land of wonders and will not regret you.Come on, ladies and gentlemen, enjoy and have a good time here! Thank you.

推荐第3篇：Harbin—城市英文宣传片文字稿

Harbin You are witne to a city of legends.At the northern most point of China, and the eastern most end of the world, it wakes at dawn each morning, and loses itself in ecstasy each night.

Acro the street, old and young observe each other, youthful paion on one side, and meditative reflection on the other.The city integrating cultural diversity, breaking down geographical barriers, transcending time and space with bigger dreams, stronger personality and clearer direction than all the rest.

你正目睹一座传奇般的城市。在中国以北，世界以东之端，它在每天黎明时醒来，又在心醉神迷的夜色中沉醉。

穿过街道，古老与青春相遇。一边是年轻的热忱，一边是冥想的沉思。这座城市融合了文化的多样，打破了地理的界限，它带着比其他任何城市都更伟大的梦想，更强烈的魅力与更清晰的方向，超越着时间与空间。

Harbin’s ancient origins are shrouded in the mists of time, but the city was prepared into the limelight a hundred years ago.(哈尔滨古老的起源被时间的迷雾包裹，但这座城市早在一百年前就做好了登上现代舞台的准备。)There has never been a city so “Chinese” as Harbin, nor a Chinese city so exotic.A century has paed by, events of many moons echoes through history, but what was young is still young.Despite a century gone by, Harbin is still full of vitality, excitement, stimulation and contradiction, sense of Déjà Vu combined with greater uniquene than any other city you have visited.Child of Nature Unlike cities that remain the same throughout the year, Harbin has four clear seasons.The city is located at latitude 45 degrees north of the equator, providing ideal conditions for raising cattle, cultivating corn, and proceduring instrument manufacturing, earning the reputation as the golden milk and corn belt.The river blees the city; the river brings the city spirit; the river brings the city life.Harbin grew up at the Songhua River, and always follows the ethos of bringing prosperity to both banks of the Songhua River.（河流赐福于城市；河流带给城市以灵魂，带给城市以生命。哈尔滨在松花江畔长大，并永远恪守这带给松花江两岸以繁荣昌盛的民族精神。） Because we depend on it, the ecology of the Songhua River must always be improved, preserving the mother heart to this muscling city, ensuring future generations as yet unforeseen busine opportunities.Environmental protection is not just a goal for economic development, but also part of this city’s tradition.

East Meets West Familiar strangers, every foreigner just arriving at Harbin will understand the new the meaning of this phrase in their heart.Over a short hundred years, from its peak when Harbin was home to people from 40 different nations, a western architectural tradition has developed in the city.As a former financial and trade center of the Far East, a feeling for busine has been paed down in Harbin’s beloved.Like a city of heaven, youthful Harbin fosters a curious and tolerant atmosphere, regardle of race, language, culture, or food.Nothing can stop its progre.With such striking uniquene, it is like entering another universe; because of this, you will be gently joined to linger, paing through faces of familiarity, but always returning to discover something marvelous and new.Ice City & Summer Capital Interest in snow and ice sports are developing fast in China, being to the ice city, huge numbers of enthusiasts and maive busine opportunities for people from all over the world.The ice and snow art festival is already famous, spurring the city arm toward forever more novelties to dazzle the visitors’ eyes.Kabuli is not only the finest resort for competition and tourist ski in China; it also boasts a year round conference center for Chinese entrepreneurs.Because the paion brought by the cold air of winter is not enough to satisfy the city, Harbin is reinventing itself a new, as a resort with a different trademark ---- the summer capital.As well as the people friendly claim it, summer Harbin of with many summer activities, making it Asia’s newest hotspot destination for international conferences and grand expos.Harbin attracts a vast number of leisure tourists from around the globe, almost equivalent to the population of Beijing and Shanghai combined; this is why Harbin is regarded by many businees as an important city to promote themselves.It is not for nothing, but Harbin is ranked China’s number one tourist destination by Chinese netizen.City of Wisdom In 1920, the shining rails of central eastern railway brought modern western engineering and scientific thinking almost instantaneously into Harbin, and the establishment of Harbin Institute of Technology has made the city a pioneer in the prevision of modern scientific education.The PLA Military Engineering Institute and other universities have also nurtured the outstanding talents of Chinese industrialization, the country’s epoch-making development miracle ---- we all stand in their shadows.Harbin has a perfectly comprehensive higher education structure, boasting the highest number of central government research institutes and key labs of any province; Harbin is a leading city for scientific education.The three power giants and its car and firearm industries have nurtured many outstanding technical personnel.The steel industry is like bones and black gold its blood.Harbin has accumulated over the past hundred years a rich reserve of practical and gifted created human resources, providing each enterprise with an unbroken supply of natural human talent to help them grow.Top of China Harbin, the northern most provincial capital of China, situated at the center of northeast Asia, has always been the prime city of trade with Ruia, and the bridgehead for Sino-Ruian trade and international trade in northeast Asia.It is now building trade service platforms that promise vast prospects for development.Rapid growth of high speed road constructions, coupled with the early development and perfection of the railroad network, have given Harbin distinctive advantages of both domestic and foreign trade.But an even more expansive future is waiting in the sky, with the closest Chinese airport to the North American Zone, and at an almost equivalent distance to North America, Europe and Southeast Asia, Harbin is the undisputed shipping harp in Northeast Asia.Harbin is now building an international air cargo harp, connecting North America and covering northeast Asia, thus providing powerful structural support of the development of higher manufacturing through modern logistics.A stable geological structure, a relatively low average temperature, abundant power prevision, a rich reserve of human talent, Harbin has uniquely advantage conditions for developing cloud computing and establishing digital data centers.The World’s Granary

The most dazzling thing can be both the most mandarin and also the most glorious ---- the black earth.For centuries, all the stories of Northeast China begin and end with this black earth, its earth from out of which you can grow anything you wish for.Here are produced China’s most fundamental granary commodities, here is found the country’s biggest production area for grains, milk; and here, many famous global dairy brands find that green and safe supply of raw materials.In recent years, many food enterprises investing in Harbin have achieved tremendous succe, but the great northern granary boasting a grain production capacity of over 500 million kilograms, still has the largest capacity providing a supply of raw materials.Meanwhile, Harbin is also contemplating how to provide even better structural support to help enterprises setting up in the city, such as accelerating the construction of quality supply chains, and the recent world food expo will inject new life blood into the development of Harbin’s food industry.Relying on the rich and fertile black soil, its position as a logistics centre, its forests and rivers, Harbin will continue to make the food industry a fresh catalyst to lead the city’s development.

The northern most, but not the further most; the coldest, but also the warmest; the three power giants once led the city’s maive industrialization, but now international giants, such as Nestle, DANONE, U.F.Union International Food, Ericon, Toyota, Mitsubishi, Air Bus and John Deere have reinvigorated Harbin, like a fresh ocean breeze.Along with the implementation of the new strategy, many new ideas from modern economic development have gradually taken shape...Harbin is devoting its heart to providing investors with all mineral poibilities, fresh inspirations, and more liberal market conditions, and has already become the blue ocean.If you want to understand the power of humanity, the best way is to observe a city, to look at all the people with different shaped, different colored dreams, and to examine how the human beings through working, change the shape of nature little by little.We say, in China, that in a city with ambition, you cannot lose your momentum, because the energy of the people around you will push you irresistibly forward like a river, just as you would share your own couragement without us.We hope that one day; you will be able to say: Yes, I understand, because I was there.

推荐第4篇：世界各国国名和知名城市英文雅称大汇总

世界各国国名和知名城市英文雅称大汇总

Athens (雅典)：The City Of Jasmines (茉莉花城) Berne (伯尔尼)：The City Of Clocks And Watches (钟表城) Brazil (巴西)：The Country Of Coffee (咖啡国) Canada (加拿大)：The Country Of Maple Leaves (枫叶国) Ecuador (厄瓜多尔)：The Equatorial Country (赤道国)（由于赤道横贯厄瓜多尔国境，再加上在西班牙文中"厄瓜多尔"的意思就是“赤道”，因此厄瓜多尔拥有“赤道国”的雅称。）

Egypt (埃及)：The Country Of The Pyramids (金字塔国) Ethiopia (埃塞俄比亚)：The Barefoot Country (赤足国) Ghana (加纳)：The Country Of Cocoa (可可国) Guba (古巴)：The Country Of Sugarcane (甘蔗国) Japan (日本)：The Country Of Cherries (樱花国) Jerusalem (耶路撒冷)：The Holy City (圣城) Lima (利马)：The City Of Drought (干旱城) London (伦敦)：The City Of Fog (雾都) Lusaka (卢莎卡)：The City Of Copper (铜城) Malaysia (马来西亚)：The Rubber Country (橡胶国) Mexico (墨西哥)：The Cactus Country (仙人掌国) New York (纽约)：Big Apple (大苹果城) Mexico City (墨西哥城)：The City Of Frescoes (壁画之都)（墨西哥城，以画迷人，素有“壁画之都”之称。） Panama (巴拿马)：The Butterfly Country(蝴蝶国) Singapore (新加坡)：The Country Of Gardens (花园国) Tunisia (突尼斯)：The Olive Country (橄榄国) Venice (威尼斯)：The City Of Water (水城) Washington(华盛顿)：The City Of Snow (雪城) Wellington (惠灵顿)：The City Of Wind (风城) Bulgaria（保加利亚）：The Country of Roses（玫瑰之国） Vienna（维也纳）：The City of Music（音乐之都） Pagan（缅甸蒲甘城）：The Temple City（寺庙之城）

中华人民共和国 People's Republic of China 北京 Beijing

蒙古 Mongolia 乌兰巴托 Elggydggmgj 朝鲜 Democratic People's Republic of Korea平壤 Pyongyang 韩国 Republic of Korea 汉城 Seoul

日本 Japan 东京 Tokyo 菲律宾 Republic of the Philippines 马尼拉 Manila

印度尼西亚 Republic of Indonesia 雅加达 Jakarta泰国 Kingdom of Thailand 曼谷 Bangkok 文莱 Brunei Darualam 斯里巴加湾市 Bandar Seri

Begawan

新加坡 Republic of Singapore 新加坡 Singapore

马来西亚 Malaysia 吉隆坡 Kuala Lumpur 越南 Socialist Republic of Vietnam 河内 Hanoi

老挝 Lao People's Democratic Republic 万象 Vientiane 柬埔寨 Kingdom of Cambodia 金边 Phnom Penh 缅甸 Union of Myanmar 仰光 Yangon

不丹 Kingdom of Bhutan 廷布 Thimphu

东帝汶 Democratic Republic of East Timor 帝力 Dili

尼泊尔 Kingdom of Nepal 加德满都 Kathmandu 印度 Republic of India 新德里 New Delhi

孟加拉国 People's Republic of Bangladesh 达卡 Dhaka 斯里兰卡 Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka 科伦坡 Colombo 马尔代夫 Republic of Maldives 马累 Male 巴基斯坦 Islamic Republic of Pakistan 伊斯兰堡 Islamabad 阿富汗 Islamic State of Afghanistan 喀布尔 Kabul 塔吉克斯坦 Republic of Tajikistan 杜尚别 Dushanbe 吉尔吉斯斯坦 Kyrgyz Republic 比什凯克 Bishkek 哈萨克斯坦 Republic of Kazakhstan 阿斯塔纳 Astana

乌兹别克期坦 Republic of Uzbekistan 塔什干 Tashkent 土库曼斯坦 Republic of Turkmenistan 阿什哈巴德 Ashgabat 伊朗 Islamic Republic of Iran 德黑兰 Tehran 伊拉克 Republic of Iraq 巴格达 Baghdad 科威特 State of Kuwait 科威特城 Kuwait 卡塔尔 State of Qatarc 多哈 Doha

阿拉伯联合酋长国 United Arab Emirates 阿布扎比 Abu Dhabi 巴林 Kingdom of Bahrain 麦纳麦 Manama 阿曼 Sultanate of Oman 马斯喀特 Muscat 也门 Republic of Yemen 萨那 Sanaa

沙特阿拉伯 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 利雅得 Riyadh 约旦 Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan 安曼 Amman 巴勒斯坦 State of Palestine 耶路撒冷 Jerusalem 以色列 State of Israel 耶路撒冷 Jerusalem 叙利亚 Syrian Arab Republic 大马士革 Damascus 黎巴嫩 Lebanese Republic 贝鲁特 Beirut 塞浦路斯 Republic of Cyprus 尼科西亚 Nicosia 土耳其 Republic of Turkey 安卡拉 Ankara 阿塞拜疆 Republic of Azerbaijan 巴库 Baku 格鲁吉亚 Georgia 第比利斯 T'bilisi 亚美尼亚 Republic of Armenia 埃里温 Yerevan 挪威 Kingdom of Norway 奥斯路 Oslo

冰岛 Republic of Iceland 雷克雅未克 Reykjavik 瑞典 Kingdom of Sweden 斯德哥尔摩 Stockholm 芬兰 Republic of Finland 赫尔辛基 Helsinki 爱沙尼亚 Republic of Estonia 塔林 Tallinn 拉脱维亚 Republic of Latvia 里加 Riga 立陶宛 Republic of Lithuania 维尔纽斯 Vilnius 白俄罗斯 Republic of Belarus 明斯克 Minsk 俄罗斯 Ruian Federation 莫斯科 Moscow 乌克兰 Ukraine 基辅 Kiev 摩尔多瓦 Republic of Moldova 基希讷乌 Chisinau 波兰 Republic of Poland 华沙 Warsaw 捷克 Czech Republic 布拉格Prague

斯洛伐克 Slovak Republic 布拉提斯拉发 Bratislava 匈牙利 Republic of Hungary 布达佩斯 Budapest 德国 Federal Republic of Germany 柏林 Berlin爱尔兰 Ireland 都柏林 Dublin 英国 United kingdom of Great Britain and Northern

Ireland 伦敦 London

丹麦 Kingdom of Denmark 哥本哈根 Copenhagen 荷兰 Kingdom of the Netherlands 阿姆斯特丹 Amsterdam

摩纳哥 Principality of Monaco 摩纳哥 Monaco 法国 French Republic 巴黎 Paris

比利时 Kingdom of Belgium 布鲁塞尔 Bruels 卢森堡 Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 卢森堡 Luxembourg 奥地利 Republic of Austria 维也纳 Vienna 瑞士 Swi Confederation 伯尔尼 Bern

列支敦士登 Principality of Liechtenstein 瓦杜兹 Vaduz 西班牙 Kingdom of Spain 马德里 Madrid 安道尔 Principality of Andorra 安道尔 Andorra la Vella 葡萄牙 Portuguese Republic 里斯本 Lisbon 意大利 Italian Republic 罗马 Rome 马耳他 Republic of Malta 瓦莱塔 Bamako

圣马力诺 Republic of San Marino 圣马力诺 San Marino 梵蒂冈 Vatican City 梵蒂冈 Port-au-Prince 斯洛文尼亚 Republic of Slovenia 卢布尔雅那 Ljubljana 克罗地亚 Republic of Croatia 萨格勒布 Zagreb 波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那 Bosnia and Herzegovina 萨拉热窝 Sarajevo 南斯拉夫 Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 贝尔格莱德 Belgrade

马其顿 Republic of Macedonia 斯科普里 Skopje 阿尔巴尼亚 Republic of Albania 地拉那 Tirana 罗马尼亚 Romania 布加勒斯特 Bucharest 保加利亚 Republic of Bulgaria 索非亚 Sofia 希腊 Hellenic Republic 雅典 Athens 埃及 Arab Republic of Egypt 开罗 Cairo

苏丹 Republic of the Sudan 喀土穆 Khartoum

厄立特里亚 State of Eritrea 阿斯马拉 Asmara 埃塞俄比亚 Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia 亚的斯亚贝巴 Addis Ababa

吉布提 Republic of Djibouti 吉布提 Djibouti

索马里 Somali Republic 摩加迪沙 Mogadishu 利比亚 Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 的黎波里 Tripoli 阿尔及利亚 Democratic People's Republic of Algeria 阿尔及尔 Algiers

突尼斯 Republic of Tunisia 突尼斯 Tunis

摩洛哥 Kingdom of Morocco 拉巴特 Rabat 佛得角 Republic of Cape Verde 普拉亚 Praia 马里 Republic of Mali 巴马科 Bamako 毛里塔尼亚 Islamic Republic of Mauritania 努瓦克肖特 Nouakchott

塞内加尔 Republic of Senegal 达喀尔 Dakar

冈比亚 Republic of the Gambia 班珠尔 Banjul 几内亚比绍 Republic of Guinea-Biau 比绍 Biau

几内亚 Republic of Guinea 科纳克里 Conakry 塞拉利昂 Republic of Sierra Leone 弗里敦 Freetown

利比里亚 Republic of Liberia 蒙罗维亚 Monrovia 科特迪瓦 Republic of Cote d'Ivoire 亚穆苏克罗 Yamououkro

布基纳法索 Burkina Faso 瓦加杜古 Ouagadougou

尼日尔 Republic of Niger 尼亚美 Niamey 乍得 Republic of Chad 恩贾梅纳 N'Djamena

尼日利亚 Federal Republic of Nigeria 阿布贾 Abuja 加纳 Republic of Ghana 阿克拉 Accra

多哥 Togolese Republic 洛美 Lome

贝宁 Republic of Benin 波多诺伏 Porto-Novo

喀麦隆 Republic of Cameroon 雅温得 Yaounde

加蓬 Gabonese Republic 利伯维尔 Libreville

赤道几内亚 Republic of Equatorial Guinea 马拉博 Malabo 圣多美和普林西比 Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and

Principe 圣多美 Sao Tome 中非 Central African Republic 班吉 Bangui

刚果 Republic of the Congo 布拉柴维尔 Brazzaville 刚果民主共和国 Democratic Republic of the Congo 金沙萨 Kinshasa

乌干达 Republic of Uganda 坎帕拉 Kampala

卢旺达 Republic of Rwanda 基加利 Kigali

布隆迪 Republic of Burundi 布琼布拉 Bujumbura 坦桑尼亚 United Republic of Tanzania 达累斯萨拉姆 Dodoma 肯尼亚 Republic of Kenya 内罗华 Nairobi 安哥拉 Republic of Angola 罗安达 Luanda 赞比亚 Republic of Zambia 卢萨卡 Lusaka 马拉维 Republic of Malawi 利隆圭 Lilongwe

莫桑比克 Republic of Mozambique 马普托 Maputo 马达加斯加 Republic of Madagascar 塔那那利佛 Antananarivo 科摩罗 Union of the Comoros 莫罗尼 Moroni

塞舌尔 Republic of Seychelles 维多利亚 Victoria 毛里求斯 Republic of Mauritius 路易港 Port Louis 津巴布韦 Republic of Zimbabwe 哈拉雷 Harare 博茨瓦纳 Republic of Botswana 哈博罗内 Gaborone 纳米比亚 Republic of Namibia 温得和克 Windhoek 斯威士兰 Kingdom of Swaziland 姆巴巴内 Mbabane 莱索托 Kingdom of Lesotho 马塞卢 Maseru

南非 Republic of South Africa 比勒陀利亚 Cape Town 澳大利亚 Commonwealth of Australia 堪培拉 Canberra 巴布亚新几内亚 Independent State of Papua New Guinea 莫尔兹比港 Port Moresby

所罗门群岛 Solomon Islands 霍尼亚拉 Honiara 瓦努阿图 Republic of Vanuatu 维拉港 Port-Vila 新西兰 New Zealand 惠灵顿 Wellington 斐济 Republic of the Fiji Islands 苏瓦 Suva 汤加 Kingdom of Tonga 努库阿洛法 Nuku'alofa 瑙鲁 Republic of Nauru 亚伦 Yaren District 基里巴斯 Republic of Kiribati 塔拉瓦 Tarawa 图瓦卢 Tuvalu 富纳富提 Funafuti 萨摩亚 Independent State of Samoa 阿皮亚 Apia帕劳 Republic of Palau 科罗尔 Koror 密克罗尼西亚联邦 Federated States of Micronesia 帕利基尔 Palikir

马绍尔群岛 Republic of the Marshall Islands 马朱罗 Majuro 加拿大 Canada 渥太华 Ottawa

美国 United States of America 华盛顿 Washington 墨西哥 United Mexican States 墨西哥城 Mexico City 危地马拉 Republic of Guatemala 危地马拉 Guatemala 伯利兹 Belize 贝尔莫潘 Belmopan

萨尔瓦多 Republic of El Salvador 圣萨尔瓦多 San Salvador 洪都拉斯 Republic of Honduras 特古西加尔巴 Tegucigalpa 尼加拉瓜 Republic of Nicaragua 马那瓜 Managua 哥斯达黎加 Republic of Costa Rica 圣何塞 San Jose 巴拿马 Republic of Panama 巴拿马城 Panama 古巴 Republic of Cuba 哈瓦那 Havana

巴哈马 Commonwealth of the Bahamas 拿骚 Naau 海地 Republic of Haiti 太子港 Port-au-Prince 多米尼加共和国 Dominican Republic 圣多明各 Santo Domingo 牙买加 Jamaica 金斯敦 Kingston 圣基茨和尼维斯 Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis 巴斯特尔 Baeterre

安提瓜和巴布达 Antigua and Barbuda 圣格林纳达 Grenada 圣乔治 Saint George's 约翰 Saint John's 多米尼克 Commonwealth of Dominica 罗索 Roseau

圣卢西亚 Saint Lucia 卡斯特里 Castries 巴巴多斯 Barbados 布里奇敦 Bridgetown 圣文森特和格林纳丁斯 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 金斯敦 Kingstown 特立尼达和多巴哥 Republic of Trinidad and Tobago 西班牙港 Port-of-Spain

哥伦比亚 Republic of Colombia 波哥大 Bogota

厄瓜多尔 Republic of Ecuador 基多 Quito 委内瑞拉 Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela 加拉加斯 Caracas 圭亚那 Co-operative Republic of Guyana 乔治敦 Georgetown

苏里南 Republic of Suriname 帕拉马里博 aramaribo

秘鲁 Republic of Peru 利马 Lima 玻利维亚 Republic of Bolivia 苏克雷 Sucre

巴拉圭 Republic of Paraguay 亚松森 Asuncion 阿根廷 Argentine Republic 布宜诺斯艾利斯 Buenos

Aires

乌拉圭 Oriental Republic of Uruguay 蒙得维的亚 Montevide

巴西 Federative Republic of Brazil 巴西利亚 Brasilia

智利 Republic of Chile 圣地亚哥 Santiago

推荐第5篇：报关员考试重点英文词组缩写城市及中文翻译

报关员考试重点英文词组缩写城市及中文翻译

英语词汇

air bill oflading空运提单air freight空运费

air waybill航空运单airport of departure

airport of destination

bill of ladingbooking list

cargo in bulk

cargo insurance

case NO

cash against delivery

certificate of origin

consignee

consignor

country of origin

customs declaration

customs house

customs invoice

date of arrival

date of delivery

description

Free alongside ship

Freight rates

Gro weight

Importer

Invoice

Maritime bill of lading

Marks&No

Net weight

Number of packages

Packing list

Pallet

Place of origin

Poor packing

Port of destination

Port of discharge

Port of dispatch

Port of loading

Shipment date目的站订仓清单，装货订仓表 散装货货物运输保险箱号货到付款原产地收货人发货人，寄售人原产国报关单海关海关发票到达日期交货日期商品名称装运港船边交货 运费率 毛重 进口商 发票 海运提单 唛头及件数 净重 包装件数 装箱单 托盘 产地 有缺陷的包装 目的地，到达地 卸货港 发货口岸 装货港 装船日期/装运日期

Shipper advice已装船通知/装船通知Shipper托运人Shipping mark装运唛头Specification规格

Total amount总价

total packages包装总数tranhipment goods转运货物warning marks警告性标记waybill运单

常用缩写

B/L bill of ladingC.C.V.Ocombined certificate of value and origin书

CFRcost and freightCIFcost insurance and freightD/Adocuments against acceptanceD/Pdocuments against paymentEMSExpre Main PortsEXWex worksFOBfree on boardL/Cletter of creditL/Gletter of guaranteeM/Tmetric tonW.Rwar riskW.Wwarehouse to warehouseW/Mweight or measurement

S/Oshipping orderLCLle than container loadFCAFree carrier

有关国家主要港口

美 国（U S A）

New York纽约

Philadelphia费拉德尔非亚Boston波士顿Seattle西雅图

San Francisco圣弗兰西斯科(旧金山)Los Angeles洛杉矶Houston休斯敦New Orleans新奥尔良日本（Japan）

Tokyo东京

海运提单

估价和原产地联合证明成本加运费价格 到岸价格 承兑交单 付款交单 特快专递 工厂交货 离岸价 信用证

担保书，保证书 公吨 战争险 到仓

重量或体积

装货单（下货纸）

拼箱货

货交承运人（价）

Yokohama横滨

Osaka大板 Kobe神户 德国(Germany)

Hamburg汉堡

Rostock罗斯托克俄罗斯(Ruia)

Vlanivostok符拉迪沃斯托克(海参崴)英国(United Kingdonm)

LodonSouthamptonPortamouthLiverpool意大利(Lialy)

RomaVenezia加拿大(Canada)

MontrealQwebec澳大利亚(Australia)

SydneyMelbourne韩国(R O Korea)

Inchon

Pusan新加坡(Singapore)

Singapore埃及(Egypt)

Suez欧州

AmsterdamRotterdamAntwerpBarcelonaLisbonGopenhagenHelsinkiBahia Blanca非州

Port SudanCape Town

世界主要空港

伦敦 南安普敦 朴次茅斯 利物浦 罗马 威尼斯 蒙特利尔 魁北克悉尼 墨尔本（新金山） 仁川 釜山

新加坡 苏伊士 阿姆斯特丹（荷兰） 廘特丹 （荷 兰） 安特卫普 （比利时） 巴塞罗那 （西班牙） 里斯本（葡萄牙） 哥本哈根（丹麦） 赫尔辛基（芬兰） 布兰卡港（阿根挺）苏丹港 （苏丹） 开普敦 （南非）

Seoul汉城 （韩国）

Singapore新加坡

Berlin柏林（德国） Frankfurt法兰克福（德国） London伦敦 （英国）

Paris巴黎（法国）

Moscow莫斯科（俄罗斯）Rome罗马（意大利）Copenhagen哥本哈根 （丹麦）WashingtonNew YorkLos AngelesSan FranciscoTorontoMexico CityRio de JaneiroSydney

华盛顿（美国） 纽约 （美国）洛杉矶（美国）圣弗兰西斯科(旧金山) 多伦多 （加拿大） 墨西哥城 （墨西哥） 里约热内卢 （巴西） 悉尼 （澳大利亚）

推荐第6篇：英文

china launched its National Day celebrations yesterday by streing its hosting of the Beijing Olympics and the country\'s first spacewalk, two hard-won succees in a tumultuous year featured by natural disasters, ethnic unrest, and another food safety scandal.

The spacewalk on Saturday strengthened a wave of Chinese pride and patriotism springing from the Olympics, which is still a big news story in the domestic pre one month after it came to an end.China\'s Olympic heroes were honored in a three-hour ceremony at the Great Hall of the People that was broadcast live on national television.

State broadcaster CCTV showed the three returning astronauts, with flower garlands around their necks, waving and smiling as they were treated to a homecoming parade in Beijing.Their miion, including China\'s first spacewalk, put the country closer to building a space station and landing a man on the moon.

State broadcaster CCTV showed the three returning astronauts, with flower garlands around their necks, waving and smiling as they were treated to a homecoming parade in Beijing.Their miion, including China\'s first spacewalk, put the country closer to building a space station and landing a man on the moon.

Meanwhile, Vice President Xi, who oversaw preparations for the Beijing Summer Games, praised what he said was China\'s realization of a 100-year dream to host the event and said it would keep China on its reform path.

\"The succeful holding of the Beijing Olympics and Paralympics has carried forward the Olympic spirit, improved the understanding and friendship betweenthe world , and it also demonstrates the great achievements of reform and opening and the building of socialist modernization.\"

But Premier Wen Jiabao touched briefly on some of the country\'s troubles so far this year during an addre at a dinner banquet that included many foreign dignitaries.

\"We prevailed over the disasters caused by the heavy snow and sleet storms and the devastating Wenchuan earthquake,\" he said, referring to a freak storm just before February\'s Lunar New Year that left scores dead and hundreds of thousands stranded during the country\'s busiest travel period.

A magnitude 7.9 earthquake in May left nearly 90,000 people dead or miing.

\"We still face many difficulties and problems in our endeavor to advance socialist modernization but we have full confidence to conquer them,\" he said.

The 59th anniversary of the founding of the People\'s Republic of China is tomorrow.This year also marks 30 years since China initiated the economic reforms that turned the country into the world\'s factory floor and transformed all of its major cities.

Economic development has been slower to reach far-flung regions like Tibet, where simmering ethnic tensions boiled over in March.Anti-government riots erupted in the capital of Lhasa,

sparking sympathy protests in Tibetan areas acro western China.however, china can respond to these chanllenges positively,and at last we are convinced that our govenment can lead us into a more promising future.

第2篇

Australia through My Eyes

When referring to Australia, I am always impreed by its charisma.From the great barrier reef to the vast desert, from the thick forests to the boundle plains, Australia boasts picturesque scenery and abundant natural resources.However, what strike me most are its complicated population map and its diversified culture.Australia is one of the developed countries that embraced and is now continuing opening her arms to many immigrants, who are incorporated into a both culturally rich and economically prosperous society.These immigrants’ multifaceted backgrounds contribute to the country’s cultural diversity.Thanks to the adoption of multicultural policies in Australia Since 1980s, Australia has gradually grown into a harmonious community.As the core value, cultural diversity has witneed its burgeon and boom in Australia.The diversity is the most precious national wealth.As a result, it is supported and encouraged by all the previous governments.People from different cultural backgrounds bring various languages and customs to Australia, which adds to Australia’s overall strength in facing challenges of globalization.It is with this readine and open-mindedne that Australia is now heading for a more promising future.第3篇

It is not an easy thing for a government to have its people live without any conflicts.So the multicultural policy, while encouraging the realization of individual value, prioritizes national interests.So when peoples’ interests are in contradiction with national interests, the ｆｒｏｍer should give way to the latter.Furthermore, the iue of the nationality still plays an important part under the current circumstances.At any rate, people worldwide are arriving at an agreement that cultural diversity should be maintained, transmitted, and developed.Albeit different historical backgrounds, cultural and social systems between China and Australia, and thus discrepancies in national situations and national policies, China and Australia still share a lot in common in terms of principles and methods of dealing with domestic and international iues.As a result, both countries can share their experiences and expertise in dealing with the ethnical iues.For instance, the idea of coexistence characterized by mutual understanding and mutual tolerance is in conｆｒｏｍity with the thought of harmony despite difference in China.

As the anthem of Australia sings, “With courage let us all combine to Advance Australia Fair.” with high freedom, fresh mentality, adventurous entrepreneurship and great ambition, Australia is now striding towards a higher civilization.

推荐第7篇：英文

The Impact of the Computer on Writing Ability

As we can see,from left to right, there is a brush, a pen and a computer in the picture, which indicates the development of the way people write with.Under eachone of them Chinese characters meaning “handwriting”.Obviously, the two characters under the computer are not as beautiful as the rest ones, which implies that with the popularity of computer people’s writing ability has deteriorated.

This picture brings us the question whether we are going forward or backward after the popularity of computer.There is no doubt that our life has become much easier owing to the conveniences computer has brought, However, people have depended so much on computer that they can hardly do things wewll without it, which result in the degeneration in some abilities, such as writing ability and communication ability,In this sense,computer has made go backward.

Alarmed by the iue reflected in the picture, we should do something to prevent ourselves from the side of computer.As far as I am concerned,we should limit the time we spend on computer and try to develop as many habits as poible in spare time .

推荐第8篇：英文

矢志不渝,天道酬勤

>01 The Language of Music

A painter hangs his or her finished picture on a wall, and everyone can see it.A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it until it is performed.Profeional singers and players have great responsibilities,for the composer is utterly dependent on them.

A student of music needs as long and as arduous a training to become a performer as a medical student needs to become a doctor.Most training is concerned with technique, for musicians have to have the muscular proficiency of an athlete or a ballet dancer.Singers practice breathing every day, as their vocal chords would be inadequate without controlled muscular support.String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow to and fro with the right arm -- two entirely different movements.Singers and instrumentalists have to be able to get every note perfectly in tune.Pianists are spared this particular anxiety, for the notes are already there, waiting for them, and it is the piano tuner\'s responsibility to tune the instrument for them.But they have their own difficulties: the hammers that hit the strings have to be coaxed not to sound like percuion, and each overlapping tone has to sound clear.

This problem of getting clear texture is one that confronts student conductors: they have to learn to know every note of the music and how it should sound, and they have to aim at controlling these sounds with fanatical butselfle authority.Technique is of no use unle it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding.

Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the language of music that they can enjoy performing works writtenin any entury.

01 音乐的语言

画家将已完成的作品挂在墙上，每个人都可以观赏到。 作曲家写完了一部作品，得由 演奏者将其演奏出来，其他人才能得以欣赏。因为作曲家是如此完全地依赖于职业歌手和职 业演奏者，所以职业歌手和职业演奏者肩上的担子可谓不轻。

一名学音乐的学生要想成为 一名演奏者，需要经受长期的、严格的训练，就象一名医科的学生要成为一名医生一样。 绝 大多数的训练是技巧性的。 音乐家们控制肌肉的熟练程度，必须达到与运动员或巴蕾舞演 员相当的水平.歌手们每天都练习吊嗓子，因为如果不能有效地控制肌肉的话，他们的声带将不能满足演唱的要求。弦乐器的演奏者练习的则是在左手的手指上下滑动的同时，用 右手前后拉动琴弓--两个截然不同的动作。歌手和乐器演奏者必须使所有的音符完全相同协 调。 钢琴家们则不用操这份心，因为每个音符都已在那里等待着他们了。 给钢琴调音是调 音师的职责。 但调音师们也有他们的难处： 他们必须耐心地调理敲击琴弦的音锤，不能让音锤发出的声音象是打击乐器，而且每个交叠的音都必须要清晰。

如何得到乐章清晰的纹理是学生指挥们所面临的难题：他们必须学会了解音乐中的每一个音及其发音之道。 他们还 必须致力于以热忱而又客观的权威去控制这些音符。除非是和音乐方面的知识和悟性结合起 来，单纯的技巧没有任何用处。

艺术家之所以伟大在于他们对音乐语言驾轻就熟，以致于 可以满怀喜悦地演出写于任何时代的作品。艰难困苦.玉汝于成

>02 Schooling and Education

It is commonly believed in the United States that school is where people go to get an education.Neverthele, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school.The distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is important.Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling.Education knows no bounds.It can take place anywhere, whether in the shower or in the job, whether in a kitchen or on a tractor.It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of informal learning.The agents of education can range from a revered grandparent to the people debating politics on the radio, from a child to a distinguished scientist.Whereas schooling has a certain predictability, education quite often produces surprises.A chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions.People are engaged ineducation from infancy on.Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive term.It is a lifelong proce, a procethat starts long before the start of school, and one that should be an integral part of one\'s entire life.Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized proce, whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next.

Throughout a country, children arrive at school at approximately the same time, take aigned seats, are taught by an adult, use similar textbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on.The slices of realitythat are to be learned, whether they are the alphabet or an understanding of the workings of government, have usually been limited by the boundaries of the subject being taught.For example, high school students know thatthey are not likely to find out in their claes the truth about political problems

in their communities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with.There are definite conditions surrounding the formalized proce of schooling.

上学与受教育

在美国，人们通常认为上学是为了受教育。 而 现在却有人认为孩子们上学打断了他们 受教育的过程。 这种观念中的上学与受教育之间的区别非常重要。

与上学相比，教育更具 开放性，内容更广泛。 教育不受任何限制。 它可以在任何场合下进行，在淋浴时，在工作 时，在厨房里或拖拉机上。

它既包括在学校所受的正规教育，也包括一切非正规教育。 传 授知识的人可以是德高望重的老者，可以是收音机里进行政治辩论的人们，可以是小孩子， 也可以是知名的科学家。 上学读书多少有点可预见性，而教育往往能带来意外的发现。 与 陌生人的一次随意谈话可能会使人认识到自己对其它宗教其实所知甚少。 人们从幼时起就 开始受教育。 因此，教育是一个内涵很丰富的词，它自始至终伴随人的一生，早在人们上 学之前就开始了。

教育应成为人生命中不可缺少的一部分。然而，上学却是一个特定的形 式化了的过程。 在不同场合下，它的基本形式大同小异。 在全国各地，孩子们几乎在同一 时刻到达学校，坐在指定的座位上，由一位成年人传授知识，使用大致相同的教材，做作业， 考试等等。

他们所学的现实生活中的一些片断，如字母表或政府的运作，往往受到科目范 围的限制。

例如，高中生们知道，在课堂上他们没法弄清楚他们社区里政治问题的真情， 也不会了解到最新潮的电影制片人在做哪些尝试。

学校教育这一形式化的过程是有特定的 限制的。

>03TheDefinitionof\"Price\"Prices determine how resources are to be used.They are also the means by which products and services that are inlimited supply are rationed among buyers.The price system of the United States is a complex network composed ofthe prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad of services, including labor, profeional, transportation, and public-utility services.The interrelationships of all these prices makeup the\"system\" of prices.The price of any particular product or service is linked to a broad, complicated system of prices in which everything seems to depend more or le upon everythin else.If one were to ask a group of randomly selected individuals to define \"price\", many would reply that price is anamount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a product or service or,in other words, that price is the money value of a

product or service as agreed upon in a market transaction.This definition is, of course, valid as far as it goes.For a complete understanding of a price in any particular transaction, much more than the amount of money involved must be known.Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar with not only the money amount, but with the amount and quality of the product or service to be exchanged, the time and place at which the exchange will take place and payment will be made, the form of money to be used, the credit terms and discounts that apply to the transaction, guarantees on the product or service, delivery terms, return privileges, and other factors.Inother words, both buyer and seller should be fully aware of all the factors that comprise the total \"package\" being exchanged for the asked-for amount of money in order that they may evaluate a given price.

\"价格\"的定义 价格决定资源的使用方式。 价格也是有限的产品与服务在买方中的配给 手段。

美国的价格系统是复杂的网状系统，包括经济生活中一切产品买卖的价格，也包括 名目繁多的各种服务，诸如劳动力、专职人员、交通运输、公共事业等服务的价格。

所有 这些价格的内在联系构成了价格系统。 任何一种个别产品或服务的价格都与这个庞大而复杂的系统密切相关，而且或多或少地受到系统中其它成份的制约。如果随机挑选一群人，问

问他们如何定义\"价格\"，许多人会回答价格就是根据卖方提供的产品或服务，买方向其付出 的钱数。换句话说，价格就是市场交易中大家认同的产品或服务的货币量。 该定义就其本 身来说自有其道理。但要获得对价格在任何一桩交易中的完整认识，就必须考虑到大量\" 非货币\"因素的影响。 买卖双方不但要清楚交易中的钱数，而且要非常熟悉交易物的质量和 数量，交易的时间、地点，采用哪种形式付款，有怎样的缓付和优惠，对交易物的质量保证、交货条款、退赔权利等等。 也就是说，为了能估算索价，买卖双方必须通晓构成交易物价 格的通盘细节。

>04 Electricity

The modern age is an age of electricity.People are so used to electric lights, radio, televisions, and telephones that it is hard to imagine what life would be like without them.When there is a power failure, people grope about in flickering candlelight, cars hesitate in the streets because there are no traffic lights to guide them, and food spoils in silent Refrigerators.Yet, people began to understand how electricity works only a little more than two centuries ago.Nature hasapparently been experimenting in this field for millions of years.Scientists are discovering more and more that the living world may hold many interesting secrets of electricity that could benefit humanity.All living cells send out tiny pulses of electricity.As the heart beats, it sends out pulses of record; they form an electrocardiogram, which a doctor can study to determine how well the heart is working.The brain, too, sends out brain waves of electricity, which can be recorded in an electroencephalogram.The electric currents generated by most living cells are extremely small -- often so small that sensitive instruments are needed to record them.But in some animals, certain muscle cells have become so specialized as electrical generators that they do not work as muscle cells at all.When large numbers of these cells are linked together, the effects can be astonishing.The electric eel is an amazing storage battery.It can send a jolt of as much as eight hundred volts of electricity through the water in which it lives.(An electric house current is only one hundred twenty volts.) As many as four-fifths of all the cells in the electric eel\'s body are specialized for generating electricity, and the strength of the shock it can deliver corresponds roughly to the length of its body.

电当今时代是电气时代。 人们对电灯、收音机、电视和电话早已司空见惯以致很难想 象没有它们生活会变成什么样。

当停电时，人们在摇曳不定的烛光下暗中摸索； 因没有红 绿灯的指示，汽车在道路上迟疑不前；冰箱也停止工作，导致食物变质。人们只是在两个世

纪前一点才开始了解电的使用原理，自然界却显然在这方面经历过了数百万年。 科学家不 断发现许多生物世界里可能有益于人类的关于电的有趣秘密。所有生物细胞都会发出微小的 电脉冲。

当心脏跳动时，把它发出的脉冲记录下来就成了心电图，这可让医生了解心脏的 工作状况。大脑也发出脑电波，这可在脑电图上记录下来。

许多生物细胞发出的电流都是 极微小的，小到要用灵敏仪器才能记录和测量。 但一些动物的某些肌肉细胞能转化成一个 个发电机，以致完全失去肌肉细胞的功能。

这种细胞大量地连接在一起时产生的效果将是 非常令人吃惊的。电鳗就是一种令人惊异的蓄电池。 它可以在水中发出相当于 800 伏特电 压电流(家庭用户的电压只有 120 伏特)。 在电鳗的身体里，多至五分之四的细胞都专门用 来发电，而且发出的电流的强度大约和它身体的长度成正比。

>05 The Beginning of Drama

There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece.The one most widely accepted today is based on the aumption that drama evolved from ritual.The argument for this view goes as follows.In the beginning, human beings viewed the natural forces of the worldas unpredictable, and they sought through various means to control these unknown and feared powers.Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then retained and repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals.Eventually stories arose which explained or veiled the mysteries of the rites.As time paed some rituals were abandoned, but the stories, later called myths, persisted and provided material for art and drama.Those who believe that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rites contained the seed of theaterbecause music, dance, masks, and costumes were almost always used.Furthermore, a suitable site had to be provided for performances and when the entire community did not participate, a clear division was usually made between the \"acting area\" and the\"auditorium.\" In addition, there were performers, and, since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually aumed that task.Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mimed the desired effect-- succe in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun -- as an actor might.Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from religious activities.

Another theory traces the theater\'s origin from the human interest in storytelling.According to this view tales (about the hunt, war, or other feats) are gradually elaborated, at first through the use of impersonation, action, and dialogue by a narrator and then through the aumption of each of the roles by a different person.A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or that are imitations of animal movements and sounds.戏剧的起源 关于古希腊戏剧的起源存在着多种理论，其中一个最普遍为人接受的理论 假设认为戏剧从仪式演化而来。

这个观点是这样进行论证的：一开始，人类把世界上的自 然力量，甚至季节的变化都看成是不可预料的。 他们试图通过各种方式去控制这些未知的、令人恐惧的力量。 那些似乎带来了满意结果的手段就被保留下来并且重复直到这些手段固 化为不变的仪式，最后产生了能够解释或者掩盖这些仪式神秘性的故事。随着时间的推移， 一些仪式被废弃了，但这些后来被称作神话的故事流传下来并且为艺术和戏剧提供了素材。 认为戏剧从仪式演化而来的人们还认为那些仪式包含了戏剧的基本因素，因为音乐、舞蹈、面具和服装几乎经常被使用，而且，必须为演出提供一个合适的地点；如果不是整个社区共 同参加演出，经常在\"演出区\"和\"观众席\"之间划分出明显的分界。

另外，仪式中还有演员， 而且宗教领袖通常承担演出任务，因为在仪式的执行中避免错误的发生被认为有相当大的重 要性；他们经常带着面具，穿着服装象演员那样扮演其它人、动物或超自然的生灵，用动作来表演以达到所需要的效果，比如打猎的成功或战斗的胜利、将至的雨、太阳的复活。 最 后这些戏剧性的表演从宗教活动中分离了出来。

另一个追溯戏剧起源的理论认为它来自人 们对叙述故事的兴趣。 根据这个观点，故事(关于狩猎、战争或者其它伟绩)是逐渐丰富起 来的。 首先通过一个讲解人来运用模仿、表演和对话，然后再由不同的人扮演各自的角色； 另一个与之紧密相关的理论将戏剧的起源追溯至舞蹈，这些舞蹈大体上是有节奏感的和体操 式的那一类，或者是对动物动作和声音的模仿。

推荐第9篇：英文

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推荐第10篇：英文

account number 帐号 depositor 存户

pay-in slip 存款单

a deposit form 存款单

a banding machine 自动存取机

to deposit 存款

deposit receipt 存款收据

private deposits 私人存款

certificate of deposit 存单

deposit book, pabook 存折

credit card 信用卡

principal 本金

overdraft, overdraw 透支

to counter sign 双签

to endorse 背书

endorser 背书人

to cash 兑现

to honor a cheque 兑付

to dishonor a cheque 拒付

to suspend payment 止付

cheque,check 支票

cheque book 支票本

order cheque 记名支票

bearer cheque 不记名支票

croed cheque 横线支票

blank cheque 空白支票

rubber cheque 空头支票 cheque stub, counterfoil 票根

cash cheque 现金支票

traveler\'s cheque 旅行支票

cheque for transfer 转帐支票

outstanding cheque 未付支票

canceled cheque 已付支票

forged cheque 伪支票

Bandar\'s note 庄票，银票

banker 银行家

president 行长

savings bank 储蓄银行

Chase Bank 大通银行

Citibank 花旗银行

Hongkong Shanghai Banking Corporation 汇丰银行

Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China 麦加利银行

Banque de I\'IndoChine 东方汇理银行

central bank, national bank, banker\'s bank 中央银行

bank of iue, bank of circulation 发行币银行

commercial bank 商业银行，储蓄信贷银行

member bank, credit bank 储蓄信贷银行

discount bank 贴现银行

exchange bank 汇兑银行

requesting bank 委托开证银行

iuing bank, opening bank 开证银行

advising bank, notifying bank 通知银行

negotiation bank 议付银行

confirming bank 保兑银行

paying bank 付款银行

aociate banker of collection 代收银行

consigned banker of collection 委托银行

clearing bank 清算银行

local bank 本地银行

domestic bank 国内银行 overseas bank 国外银行

unincorporated bank 钱庄

branch bank 银行分行

trustee savings bank 信托储蓄银行

trust company 信托公司

financial trust 金融信托公司

unit trust 信托投资公司

trust institution 银行的信托部

credit department 银行的信用部

commercial credit company(discount company) 商业信贷公司（贴现公司）

neighborhood savings bank, bank of deposit 街道储蓄所

credit union 合作银行

credit bureau 商业兴信所

self-service bank 无人银行

land bank 土地银行

construction bank 建设银行

industrial and commercial bank 工商银行

bank of communications 交通银行

mutual savings bank 互助储蓄银行

post office savings bank 邮局储蓄银行

mortgage bank, building society 抵押银行

industrial bank 实业银行

home loan bank 家宅贷款银行

reserve bank 准备银行

chartered bank 特许银行

corresponding bank 往来银行

merchant bank, accepting bank 承兑银行

investment bank 投资银行

import and export bank (EXIMBANK) 进出口银行

joint venture bank 合资银行 money shop, native bank 钱庄

credit cooperatives 信用社

clearing house 票据交换所

public accounting 公共会计

busine accounting 商业会计

cost accounting 成本会计

depreciation accounting 折旧会计

computerized accounting 电脑化会计

general ledger 总帐

subsidiary ledger 分户帐

cash book 现金出纳帐

cash account 现金帐

journal, day-book 日记帐，流水帐

bad debts 坏帐

investment 投资

surplus 结余

idle capital 游资

economic cycle 经济周期

economic boom 经济繁荣

economic receion 经济衰退

economic depreion 经济萧条

economic crisis 经济危机

economic recovery 经济复苏

inflation 通货膨胀

deflation 通货收缩

devaluation 货币贬值

revaluation 货币增值

international balance of payment 国际收支

favourable balance 顺差

adverse balance 逆差 hard currency 硬通货

soft currency 软通货

international monetary system 国际货币制度

the purchasing power of money 货币购买力

money in circulation 货币流通量

note iue 纸币发行量

national budget 国家预算

national gro product 国民生产总值

public bond 公债

stock, share 股票

debenture 债券

treasury bill 国库券

debt chain 债务链

direct exchange 直接（对角）套汇

indirect exchange 间接（三角）套汇

cro rate, arbitrage rate 套汇汇率

foreign currency (exchange) reserve 外汇储备

foreign exchange fluctuation 外汇波动

foreign exchange crisis 外汇危机

discount 贴现

discount rate, bank rate 贴现率

gold reserve 黄金储备

money (financial) market 金融市场

stock exchange 股票交易所

broker 经纪人

commiion 佣金

bookkeeping 簿记

bookkeeper 簿记员

an application form 申请单

bank statement 对帐单 letter of credit 信用证

strong room, vault 保险库

equitable tax system 等价税则

specimen signature 签字式样

banking hours, busine hours 营业时间 银行英语口语－新开帐户

What kind of account did you have in your mind? 你想开哪种帐户? Do you like to open a current account? 你想开一个活期存款帐户吗? A deposit or current account? 定期还是活期? Please tell me how you would like to deposit your money.请告诉我你想存何种户头? There\'s a service charge for the checking account but no charge for the savings.支票户头要收服务费，现金户头不收。

Our minimum deposit for a savings account is 100 dollars.我们储蓄存款的最低存款额是100美圆。 Five yuan is the minimum original deposit.最低起存款额是5元。

You can open a savings account at any time with an initial deposit of 50 dollars.你可随时以50美圆的起存额开立储蓄帐户。 Even one yuan is all right.甚至一元也可以起存。

Here is your pasbook.Please bring it back when you deposit or withdraw money any time you like.Keep it well and inform us whenever you lose it.这是你的存折，存取款时请带来。保管好存折，遗失请告诉我们。 I should like to open a current account.我想开一个活期存款帐户。

I need a checking account so that I can pay my bill.我需开个支票帐户，这样就能付帐。

We\'d like to know how we open a checking-savings account.我们想知道如何开一个支票储蓄帐户。 I have a checking account here.我在这里有一个支票存款帐户。 I think I\'d like a deposit account.我想要开个定期存款帐户。 Can I open a current account here? 我能否在这儿开个活期存款帐户？ I want to open a deposit account with you.我要开个储蓄帐户。

I\'d like to open a deposit account with you.我想在你们这儿开个定期存款帐户。

Could you tell me the difference between a savings account and a checking account? 请告诉我储蓄存款与支票存款的区别好吗？

Please tell me the procedure for opening a savings account.请告诉我开个储蓄帐户需要什么手续。

Will 100 yuan be enough for a minimum deposit? 100元作最低存款额够吗？

I\'d like to know whether a 200 yuan deposit will be enough for opening a checking account.我想知道开一个支票帐户200元存款是否够。 Could you tell me how to operate this account? 请告诉我如何经管这个帐户好吗？ Is there any minimum for the first deposit? 第一次储蓄有最低限额吗？

How much does each account cost? 每个帐户要花多少钱？ Useful Phrases current deposit, current account 活期存款 fixed deposit, fixed account 定期存款 fixed deposit by installments 零存整取 joint account 联名存款帐户 to open an account 开户头 银行英语口语－存款

How much do you want to deposit with us? 你想在我们这存多少？

How much do you wish to pay into your account? 你希望在你的户头上存多少？

How much money do you plan to keep in your account on a regular basis? 你计划在你的户头上定期存放多少钱？

How much cash do you plan to deposit in your account? 你有多少钱要存入呢？

I think you may deposit your money with the bank, or leave it here for temporary safe-keeping.我认为你可把钱存入银行，或留在银行暂保管起来。

Would you please fill in the depositing form, giving the sum of money you\'re to deposit as well as your name, addre and profeional unit? 请填张存款单，写明要存的数额以及你的姓名，地址和工作的单位，好吗？ I want to deposit 300 yuan in my account.我想在我的户头上存300元。

I want to deposit these cheques in my account.我想把这些支票存在我的户头上。

I\'d like to pay 200 yuan into my deposit account.我想在在我的定期存款户头上存200元。 I want to deposit my paycheck.我想存入我的工资支票。

I\'d like to know whether I can cash a cheque here.我想知道我能否在这兑换支票。

Will you please cash this traveler\'s cheque? 请兑现这张旅行支票好吗？ I\'d like to cash this money order.我想兑现这张汇款单。

I want to cash the balance of a traveler\'s letter of credit.我要把旅行信用证的结余兑现。

Will you please tell me whether you charge for cheques? 请告诉我兑换支票收手续费吗？

Could you tell me how much the checks cost? 请告诉我这些支票要花多少钱？ What if I overdraw? 如果透支了怎么办？

Please sign your name on the bottom line if you want to cash the check.如果想兑支票，请在底线上签名。

Please write your account number on the back of the check.请在支票背面写上你的帐号。

We honored the check as the overdraft was only 5 yuan.我们承兑这张支票的透支额只有5元。 Please endorse the cheque.请背签这张支票。

The traveler\'s checks cost 1.5% of the total amount of purchase.旅行支票手续费是购买总额的1.5%。

Here\'s the cheque book.When you send a cheque by post be careful to cro it, but if you wish to cash a cheque yourself, you must leave it \"open\".这是一本支票簿，你邮寄支票时，注意要在支票上打叉线。但是如果你本人想开张兑现支票，就不可打叉线。

Each cheque you write will cost 2 dollars.你每开一张支票将花2美圆。 Useful Words and Phrases account number 帐目编号 depositor 存户 pay-in slip 存款单 a deposit form 存款单

a banding machine 自动存取机 to deposit 存款

deposit receipt 存款收据 private deposits 私人存款 certificate of deposit 存单 deposit book, pabook 存折 credit card 信用卡 principal 本金

overdraft, overdraw 透支 to counter sign 双签 to endorse 背书 endorser 背书人 to cash 兑现

to honor a cheque 兑付 to dishonor a cheque 拒付 to suspend payment 止付 cheque,check 支票 cheque book 支票本 order cheque 记名支票 bearer cheque 不记名支票 croed cheque 横线支票 blank cheque 空白支票 rubber cheque 空头支票 cheque stub, counterfoil 票根 cash cheque 现金支票 traveler\'s cheque 旅行支票 cheque for transfer 转帐支票 outstanding cheque 未付支票 canceled cheque 已付支票 forged cheque 伪支票 Bandar\'s note 庄票，银票

中国2010年银行校园招聘笔试试卷

PartⅠ (10minutes) 1.Executives of the company enjoyed an___B_____lifestyle of free gifts ， fine wines and high salaries.

A exquisiteB estravagantC exotic D eccentric 2.If you want to get into that tunnel，you first have to ____B__away all the rocks.

A haulB repelC disposeD snatch 3.Some crops are relatively high yielders and couble be planted in preference to others to ___A___the food supply.

A enhanseB curbC disrupt D heighten 4.Astronomers at the universities of California discovered on of the most distant_____C__ .

A paradoxesB paradisesC galaxiesD shuttles 5.Many great scientists___D___their succe to hard work.

A portrayB ascribeC impartD acknowledge

6.It is generally known that New York is a city for and a center for __D____odd bits of information.

A） veteransB） pedestriansC） victimsD） eccentrics 7.High grades are supposed to __A____ academic ability， but John｀s actual performance did not confirm this.

A） certifyB） claifyC） clarifyD） notify 8.In spite of the ___B___ ， it seemed that many of the invited guests would still show up.

A） deviationB） controversyC） distinction D） comparison 9.The relatives of those killed in the crash got together to seek ___C___ .

A） premiumB） repaymentC） compensationD） refund 10.At first everything went well with the project but recently we have had a number of ___D___ with the machinery.

A） disturbancesB） outputsC） setbacksD） distortions 11.The sign set up by the road ___A__ drivers to a sharp turn.

A） alerts

B） refreshes

C） pleads

D） diverts 12.The doctors don｀t ___C__ that the patient will live much longer.

A） monitorB） manifestC） articulateD） anticipate 13.Call your doctor for advice if the __C___ persist for more than a few days.

A） responses B） signalsC） symptomsD） reflections 14.We find it impoible to __C___ with the latest safety regulations.

A） accordB） unifyC） obeyD） comply 15.Profeor Smith and Profeor Brown will ___A__ in presenting the series of lectures on American literature.

A） alterB） alternateC） substituteD） exchange 16.Having a（n）___D___attitude towards people with different ideas is an indication that one has been well educated.

A） analyticalB） bearableC） elasticD） tolerant 17.No form of government in the world is___A___; each system reflects the history and present needs of the region or the nation.

A） dominantB） influentialC） integralD） drastic 18.In spite of the___A___economic forecast， manufacturing output has risen slightly.

A） faint B） dizzyC） gloomyD） opaque 19.Too often Dr.Johnson’s lectures__B____how to protect the doctor rather than how to cure the patient.

A） look to B） dwell on C） permeate into D） shrug off 20.Loated in Washington D.C.， the Library of Congre contains an impreive____C__of books on every conceivable subject.A） flock B） configurationC） pile D） array

第11篇：英文

预约券 reservation ticket 下午茶 high tea

微博 Microblog/ Tweets 裸婚 naked wedding 亚健康 sub-health平角裤 boxers 愤青 young cynic 灵魂伴侣 soul mate 小白脸 toy boy

精神出轨 soul infidelity 人肉搜索 flesh search

剩女 3S lady（single，seventies,stuck）/left girls 山寨 copycat

异地恋 long-distance relationship 性感妈妈 yummy mummy

钻石王老五 diamond bachelor 时尚达人 fashion icon

上相的,上镜头的 photogenic 学术界 academic circle 哈证族 certificate maniac 偶像派 idol type

住房公积金 housing funds

熟女 cougar（源自电影Cougar Club）

挑食者 picky-eater 伪球迷 fake fans 紧身服 straitjacket 团购 group buying

奉子成婚 shotgun marriage 婚前性行为 premarital sex 炫富 flaunt wealth

决堤 breaching of the dike 上市 list share

赌球 soccer gambling 桑拿天 sauna weather 自杀 Dutch act

假发票 fake invoice

金砖四国 BRIC countries 笑料 laughing stock

泰国香米 Thai fragrant rice

学历造假 fabricate academic credentials 泄洪 release flood waters

狂热的 gaga eg: I was gaga over his deep blue eyes when I first set eyes on him

防暑降温补贴 high temperature subsidy 暗淡前景 bleak prospects 文艺爱情片 chick flick 惊悚电影 slasher flick 房奴车奴 mortgage slave 上课开小差 zone out 万事通 know-it-all

毕业典礼 commencement 散伙饭 farewell dinner

毕业旅行 after-graduation trip 节能高效的 fuel-efficient 具有时效性的 time-efficient 死记硬背 cramming

很想赢 be hungry for succe 面子工程 face job 指甲油 nail varnish 射手榜 top-scorer list

学历门槛 academic threshold 王牌主播 mainstay TV host 招牌菜 signature dishes 非正常死亡 exce death 影视翻拍 plays reshooting

四大文学名著 the four masterpieces of literature 城市热岛效应 urban heat island effect

逃学 play hooky, 装病不上班 play hooky from work 一线城市 first-tier cities

高考 the National College Entrance Examines 录取分数线 admiion scores 小型警车 panda car 老爷车 vintage car

保障性住房 indemnificatory housing 一决高下 Duke it out

差别电价 differential power prices 囤积居奇 hoarding and profiteering 灰色市场 Grey market 反倾销 anti-dumping

经济二次探底 double dip 吃白食的人 freeloader

橙色预警 orange signal warning 公关 public relation

不幸的日子，不吉利的日子 black-letter day 吉利的日子 saints' days 人肉搜索 flesh search 廉租房 low rent housing

限价房 capped-price housing 经适房 affordable housing 替罪羔羊 whipping boy

对口支援 partner aistance 扫把星 jinx

资本货物 capital goods

最终消费品 final consumption goods 原材料 raw material

制成品 manufactured goods 重工业 heavy industry 贸易顺差 trade surplus

外汇储备 foreign exchange reserve 潮人：trendsetter 发烧友： fancier

骨感美女：boney beauty 卡奴：card slave 蹦迪：disco dancing 电脑游戏迷：gamer

家庭主男：house-husband 小白脸，吃软饭的：kept man 二奶：kept woman

麦霸：Mic king / Mic queen

型男：metrosexual man（范指那些极度重视外貌而行为gay化的直男，型男属于其中的一种）

新新人类：new-new generation 另类：offbeat 菜鸟：rookie

“色”友（摄影爱好者）：shutterbug 驴友：tour pal 娘娘腔：siy

全职妈妈：stay-at-home mom 裸奔：streaking

80后：80's generation 百搭：all-match

肚皮舞：belly dance 片前广告：cinemads 角色扮演：cosplay 情侣装：couples dre 电子书：e-book 电子杂志：e-zine 胎教：fetal education 限时抢购：flash sale 合租：flat-share

期房：forward delivery housing 荧光纹身：glow tattoo 团购：group purchase 健商：HQ

扎啤：jug beer

八卦，丑闻：ki and tell 低腰牛仔裤：low-rise jeans 泡泡袜：loose socks 裸妆：nude look

黄牛票：scalped ticket 透视装：see-through dre 扫货：shopping spree

烟熏妆：smokey-eye make-up 水货：smuggled goods 热裤：tight pants 舌钉：tongue pin

纳米技术：nanotechnology 通灵：psychic

文凭热 degree craze 反腐败 anti-corruption

联合军演 joint military drill 财政赤字 budget deficit

拜倒在某人的石榴裙下 throw oneself at sb's feet 打破记录 break a record

创造新纪录 create a new record 终生学习lifelong learning 天气保险 weather insurance 正妹 hotty

对某人念念不忘 get the hots for 希望把好运带来给自己 touch wood

婚外恋 extramarital love; extramarital affair 职场冷暴力 emotional office abuse 赞助费 sponsorship fee

抚恤金 financial compensation，compensation payment 草莓族 Strawberry generation 草根总统 graroots president 点唱机 juke box

笨手笨脚 have two left feet 演艺圈 Showbiz

试点，试运行 on a trial basis 精疲力竭 be dead on one's feet 软禁 be under house arrest 拼车 car-pooling

解除好友关系 unfriend v. 发送色情短信 sexting 暴走 go ballistic 婚检 premarital check-up 天书 mumbo-jumbo 情意绵绵的 lovey-dovey

漂亮女人 tomato（俚语）；妖娆女子 cheese cake 懦夫 quitter（俚语）

母校 alma mater 黑马 dark horse

挥金如土 spend money like water 意外怀孕 unplanned pregnancy 人流 abortion

避孕措施 contraceptives

生殖健康 reproductive health 海外代购 overseas purchasing 试镜 screen test 访谈节目 chat show 智力竞赛节目 quiz show 武侠片 martial arts film 封面报道 cover story 跳槽 jump ship

闪婚 flash marriage 闪电约会 speeddating

闪电恋爱 whirlwind romance 刻不容缓，紧要关头 crunch time 健身 bodybuilding 遮阳伞 parasol 人渣 scouring

头等舱 first-cla cabin

世界遗产名录 the world heritage list

乐活族 LOHAS（Lifestyle Of Health And Sustainability）

安乐死 euthanasia

私生子 an illegitimate child; a love child 一夜情 one-night stand

Are you by yourself？你一个人来吗？ Come to the point！有话直说！

Do you accept plastic？收不收信用卡？

Does it keep long？可以保存吗？

Don't be so fuy！别挑剔了！

Don't count on me！别指望我！

Don't fall for it！不要上当！

Don't get me wrong！你搞错了！

Don't give me that！少来这套！

Don't lose your head！别乐昏了头！

Don't over do it！别做过头了！

Don't sit there daydreaming！别闲着做白日梦！

Don't stand on ceremony！别太拘束！

Drop me a line！要写信给我！

First come first served！先到先得！

Get a move on！快点吧！

Get off my back！不要嘲笑我！

Give him the works！给他点教训！

Give me a break！饶了我吧！

Great minds think alike！英雄所见略同！

In one ear，out the other ear.一耳进，一耳出！

I'm spaced-out！我开小差了！ I cro my heart！我发誓是真的！ I feel very miserable！我好沮丧！

I have no choice！我别无选择了！

I watch my money！视财如命！

I'll be in touch！保持联络！

I'll check it out！我去看看！

I'll show you around！我带你四处逛逛！

I'll see to it！我会留意的！

I'm crazy for you！我为你疯狂！

You make me jump！你下了我一跳！

Make up your mind.作个决定吧！

Make yourself at home！就当在家一样！

My mouth is watering！我要流口水了！

Never heard of it！没听说过！

Nice talking to you！很高兴和你聊天！

No doubt about it！勿庸置疑！

No pain no gain！不经一事，不长一智！

None of your busine！要你管？

There is nothing on your busine！这没你的事！

Now you are really talking！说得对！

Please don't rush me！请不要吹促我！

Please keep me informed！请一定要通知我！

She looks blue today.她今天很忧郁！

She is under the weather.她心情不好！

So far，so good.过得去。

Speaking of the devil！一说曹操，曹操就到！

Stay away from me！离我远一点！

Stay on the ball！集中注意力！

That makes no difference.不都一样吗？

That's a touchy iue！这是个辣手得问题！

That's always the case！习以为常！

That's going too far！这太离谱了！

That's more like that！这才象话嘛！

The answer is zero！白忙了！

The dice is cast！已成定局了！

The same as usual！一如既往！

The walls have ears！隔墙有耳！

There you go again！你又来了！

Time is running out！没有时间了！ We better get going！最好马上就走！

Absence makes the heart grow fonder.小别胜新婚。 December heartbeat.黄昏恋。 Don't get high hat.别摆臭架子. Don't get loaded.别喝醉了。 Get cold feet.害怕做某事。 Gild the lily.画蛇添足。

Price is soaring, if it goes on like this, we shall not be able to keep the pot boiling.

物价直线上升，这样子下去，我们锅里可没什么东西煮饭。 What is the fu？ 吵什么？

我代表北京市政府欢迎各位朋友访问北京。

On behalf of the Beijing Municipal government, I wish to extend our warm welcome to the friends who have come to visit Beijing.

我一定向他转达您的问候和邀请。

I'll surely remember you and your invitation to him.

请留步，不用送了！

女士们先生们，欢迎各位光临，演出很快就要开始了，请尽快就坐。

Ladies and gentlemen, good evening.The concert/show would start soon.Please get yourself seated.Thank you.

招待会现在开始。 The reception will now begin.

全体起立，奏国歌！

All rise please.For the P.R.C.National Anthem!

出席今天招待会的贵宾有…

The distinguished guests paarticipating the reception are …

现在请…讲话

I have the honour to call upon …

开幕式现在结束。

This concludes the opening ceremony.

热烈祝贺第一届…锦标赛

Hail the first FIFA of …

祝您工作顺利、事业成功、身体健康、家庭幸福！

Wish you the very best of luck in your job, every succe in your future endeavours, good health and a happy family!

衷心祝贺您当选…

Hearty congratulations on your recent election as …

举行会议/研讨会/大会/座谈会/学术报告会

Hold a meeting/seminar/conference/forum/symposium

赞助人/主办人/承办人/协办人 Patron/sponsor/organizer/co-organizer

举行谈判

Enter into negotiation

交涉

Make representations with sb.On sth./deal with sb.

事物性会谈

Talks at working level

对口会谈 Counterpart talks

议程项目

Items on the agenda

小组讨论 Panel discuion

同有关单位磋商

Hold consultations with the organizations concerned

一轮会谈

One round of talks

谅解备忘录

Memorandum of understanding

现在开会。

I declare the meeting open.

请…发言。

I invite the representative of …To take the floor.

下面我给各位简要介绍一下北京的经济情况

Now I would like to give you a brief overview of Beijing's economy.

我的介绍完了，谢谢！

That's all for my presentation.thank you.

我先说这么多。

So much for my remarks for now.

我要说的就是这些。

That's all for what I want to say.

您看是先谈原则问题呢，还是先谈具体问题？

I wonder if you would like to start with matters of principle or specific iues?

让我先谈一个问题。

If you agree(With your permiion), let me start with one iue

在谈那个问题之前我想对您刚才讲的话谈点看法。

Before we turn to that iue, I wish to make a few comments/remarks on your presentation.

您对此事怎么看呢？ I wish to benefit from your views on this matter./ What is your view on this matter?/ How do you see this matter?

我提议休会十分钟。

I propose a ten-minute break.

我想接着刚才的问题讲下去。

I will pick up where we left off just now.

对不起，我插一句。

Sorry for the interruption but

我方很希望 贵方能尽早给予肯定的答复。

We would greatly appreciate it if you could give us your favourable and prompt commitment as soon as poible.

请你们务必在8月1日前提出意向书。

You are kindly requested to submit the letter of intent on the date no later than 1st August.

纠缠这个问题。 Entangle this iue.

1.My time is your time.请你吩咐！ 2.My hands are tied.我很忙，无能为力。

3.To make a long story short.长话短说。 4.It's a date.一言为定。

5.That's a steal.真便宜。 6.She has no sense.她不懂事。

7.It's not big deal.没什么了不起。 8.What's the fu? 吵什么？

9.Don't push me.别逼我。 10.Have a good of it.玩得高兴。

11.Go down to busine.言归正传。 12.Does it serve your purpose.对你有用么

13.It's long story.一言难尽。 14.Don't play poum.别装蒜！

15.Make it up.不计前嫌。 16.Don't over do it.别太过分了。

17.You want a bet? 想打赌吗？ 18.Who wants? 谁稀罕？

19.December heartbeat.黄昏恋 20.Follow my nose.凭直觉

21.Cheap skate.小气鬼！ 22.Big mouth.多嘴。

23.I'm going to go.我这就去。 24.can-do 能人

25.Leave me alone.别理我。 26.Don't pa the buck.不要推卸责任

27.I can't put up with her.我受不了她。

28.She is just thick-skinned.她真是厚脸皮。

29.I see eye to eye with you.我与你的意见一致。

30.We are on good terms.我们关系很好。

31.Many people.many tastes.各有所好。

32.One man's meat is another man's poison.对一个好的事对另外的人并不是好事。

33.Many hands make light work.人多好干活。 34.I won't live on the handouts of other people.我不会靠人家的施舍过活。

35.He is on his high horse these days.他这几天有点趾高气昂。

36.You give him an inch and he will take a mile.得寸进尺。

37.He is a fast talker.他是个吹牛大王。

38.I can't make two ends meet.青黄不接 月光一族

39.None of your keyhole.不准偷看。

eggache蛋疼

Smilence笑而不语 Togayther终成眷属 Democrazy痴心妄想 shitizen屁民

Innernet中国互联网

Departyment（政府）有关部门

Chinsumer 在国外疯狂购物的中国人 Emotionormal 情绪稳定 Sexretary 女秘书 Halfyuan五毛 canclensor 审查 Wall· e 防火墙 围观 Circusee

vegeteal 偷菜 yakshit 亚克西 animale 男人天性 corpspend 捞尸费 suihide 躲猫猫 niubility 牛逼

antizen蚁民

gunvernment枪杆子政权 propoorty房地产 stuck market 股市 livelihard生活 stupig笨猪 Z-turn 折腾

Don'train 动车 Foulsball 中国足球 Freedamn 自由

Gambller 干部 Goveruption 政府 Harmany 河蟹 Profartor 叫兽

sporting house 妓院（不是“体育室”）lover 情人（不是“爱人”）

busboy 餐馆勤杂工（不是“公汽售票员”） busybody 爱管闲事的人（不是“大忙人”）

dry goods （美）纺织品；（英）谷物（不是“干货”） heartman 换心人（不是“有心人”）blind date （由第三者安排的）男女初次会面（并非“盲目约会”或“瞎约会”）personal remark 人身攻击（不是“个人评论”）confidence man 骗子（不是“信得过的人”）service station 加油站（不是“服务站”）dreing room 化妆室（不是“试衣室”或“更衣室”）capital idea 好主意（不是“资本主义思想”）black art 妖术（不是“黑色艺术”）white coal （作动力来源用的）水（不是“白煤”）yellow book 黄皮书（法国政府报告书，以黄纸为封）（不是“黄色书籍”）green hand 新手（不是“绿手”）

China policy 对华政策（不是“中国政策”）American beauty 一种玫瑰，名为“美国丽人”（不是“美国美女”）Indian summer 愉快宁静的晚年（不是“印度的夏日”）Spanish athlete 吹牛的人（不是“西班牙运动员”）- in one's birthday suit 赤身裸体（不是“穿着生日礼服”）an apple of love 西红柿（不是“爱情之果”）bring down the house 博得全场喝彩（不是“推倒房子”）make one's hair stand on end 令人毛骨悚然—恐惧（不是“令人发指——气愤”）think a great deal of oneself 高看或看重自己（不是“为自己想得很多”）have the heart to do （用于否定句）忍心做……不是“有心做”或“有意做”）You don't say! 是吗！（不是“你别说”）I haven't slept better.我睡得好极了。（不是“我从未睡过好觉”）It has been 4 years since I smoked.我戒烟４年了。（不是“我抽烟4年了”）People will be long forgetting her.人们在很长时间内会记住她的。（不是“人们会永远忘记她”）

It can't be le interesting.它无聊极了。（不是“它不可能没有趣

秒杀 second kill 潮流单品 trendy items 哈伦裤 Harem trousers T台 catwalk 连体裤 jumpsuits

角斗士凉鞋 Gladiator sandals 拜金女 material girls 钟摆族 pendulum clan

暴跌 nose dive（Today the stock market took a nose dive.） 伪娘cro-dreing male 预约券 reservation ticket 下午茶 high tea

铁公鸡，小气鬼 cheapskate 宿醉 hangover 微博 Microblog

裸婚 naked wedding 亚健康 sub-health平角裤 boxers 愤青 young cynic 网络钓鱼 phishing 跑腿 run errands 恩爱夫妻 Darby and Joan 急性子 shortfuse

第二把手 play the second fiddle 恶搞 spoof 相亲 blind date

灵魂伴侣 soul mate 小白脸 toy boy

精神出轨 soul infidelity 人肉搜索 flesh search 浪女 dillydally girl 公司政治 company politics

剩女 3S lady（single，seventies,stuck）/left girls 山寨 copycat

异地恋 long-distance relationship 性感妈妈 yummy mummy 钻石王老五 diamond bachelor 时尚达人 fashion icon 御宅 otaku

上相的,上镜头的 photogenic 脑残体 leetspeak 学术界 academic circle 哈证族 certificate maniac 偶像派 idol type

住房公积金 housing funds

个税起征点 individual income tax threshold 熟女 cougar（源自电影Cougar Club） 挑食者 picky-eater 伪球迷 fake fans 紧身服 straitjacket 团购 group buying 奉子成婚 shotgun marriage 婚前性行为 premarital sex 开博 to open a blog

家庭暴力 family/domestic volience 问题家具 problem furniture 炫富 flaunt wealth

决堤 breaching of the dike 上市 list share 赌球 soccer gambling 桑拿天 sauna weather 自杀 Dutch act 假发票 fake invoice 落后产能 outdated capacity 二房东 middleman landlord 入园难 kindergarten crunch 生态补偿 ecological compensation 金砖四国 BRIC countries 笑料 laughing stock 泰国香米 Thai fragrant rice

学历造假 fabricate academic credentials 泄洪 release flood waters

狂热的 gaga eg: I was gaga over his deep blue eyes when I first set eyes on him

防暑降温补贴 high temperature subsidy 暗淡前景 bleak prospects 文艺爱情片 chick flick 惊悚电影 slasher flick 房奴车奴 mortgage slave 上课开小差 zone out 万事通 know-it-all 毕业典礼 commencement 散伙饭 farewell dinner 毕业旅行 after-graduation trip 节能高效的 fuel-efficient 具有时效性的 time-efficient 死记硬背 cramming

很想赢 be hungry for succe 面子工程 face job 指甲油 nail varnish 囧 embarraed 灌水 Threadjacking

菜鸟，用来比喻网络新手newbie；

射手榜 top-scorer list 学历门槛 academic threshold 女学究 blue stocking 王牌主播 mainstay TV host 招牌菜 signature dishes 非正常死亡 exce death 影视翻拍 plays reshooting

四大文学名著 the four masterpieces of literature 城市热岛效应 urban heat island effect 逃学 play hooky, 装病不上班 play hooky from work 一线城市 first-tier cities

高考 the National College Entrance Examines 录取分数线 admiion scores 小型警车 panda car 老爷车 vintage car

保障性住房 indemnificatory housing 一决高下 Duke it out

差别电价 differential power prices 囤积居奇 hoarding and profiteering 灰色市场 Grey market 反倾销 anti-dumping 经济二次探底 double dip 吃白食的人 freeloader

橙色预警 orange signal warning 公关 public relation

不幸的日子，不吉利的日子 black-letter day 吉利的日子 saints' days 人肉搜索 flesh search 廉租房 low rent housing 限价房 capped-price housing 经适房 affordable housing 替罪羔羊 whipping boy 对口支援 partner aistance 扫把星 jinx

资本货物 capital goods 初级产品 primary goods 商业服务 commercial service 最终消费品 final consumption goods 原材料 raw material 制成品 manufactured goods 重工业 heavy industry 贸易顺差 trade surplus

外汇储备 foreign exchange reserve

潮人：trendsetter 发烧友： fancier 骨感美女：boney beauty 卡奴：card slave 蹦迪：disco dancing 电脑游戏迷：gamer 家庭主男：house-husband 小白脸，吃软饭的：kept man 二奶：kept woman

麦霸：Mic king / Mic queen

型男：metrosexual man（范指那些极度重视外貌而行为gay化的直男，型男属于其中的一种）

新新人类：new-new generation 另类：offbeat 菜鸟：rookie

“色”友（摄影爱好者）：shutterbug 驴友：tour pal 娘娘腔：siy

负翁：spend-more-than-earn 全职妈妈：stay-at-home mom 裸奔：streaking 80后：80's generation 百搭：all-match 肚皮舞：belly dance 片前广告：cinemads 角色扮演：cosplay 情侣装：couples dre 电子书：e-book 电子杂志：e-zine 胎教：fetal education 限时抢购：flash sale 合租：flat-share

期房：forward delivery housing 荧光纹身：glow tattoo 团购：group purchase 健商：HQ 扎啤：jug beer

八卦，丑闻：ki and tell 低腰牛仔裤：low-rise jeans 泡泡袜：loose socks 裸妆：nude look 普拉提：Pilates 黄牛票：scalped ticket 透视装：see-through dre 扫货：shopping spree

烟熏妆：smokey-eye make-up 水货：smuggled goods 热裤：tight pants 舌钉：tongue pin 纳米技术：nanotechnology 通灵：psychic

文凭热 degree craze 反腐败 anti-corruption 联合军演 joint military drill 财政赤字 budget deficit

拜倒在某人的石榴裙下 throw oneself at sb's feet 打破记录 break a record 创造新纪录 create a new record 终生学习lifelong learning 天气保险 weather insurance 正妹 hotty

对某人念念不忘 get the hots for 希望把好运带来给自己 touch wood

婚外恋 extramarital love; extramarital affair

职场冷暴力 emotional office abuse 赞助费 sponsorship fee

抚恤金 financial compensation，compensation payment 草莓族 Strawberry generation 草根总统 graroots president 点唱机 juke box

笨手笨脚 have two left feet 演艺圈 Showbiz

核遏制力 nuclear deterrence 试点，试运行 on a trial basis 精疲力竭 be dead on one's feet 软禁 be under house arrest 拼车 car-pooling 解除好友关系 unfriend v.发送色情短信 sexting 暴走 go ballistic

婚检 premarital check-up 天书 mumbo-jumbo 情意绵绵的 lovey-dovey

漂亮女人 tomato（俚语）；妖娆女子 cheese cake 懦夫 quitter（俚语） 母校 alma mater

非难 a kick in the pants 黑马 black horse

挥金如土 spend money like water 意外怀孕 unplanned pregnancy 人流 artificial abortion operation 避孕措施 contraceptives

生殖健康 reproductive health 海外代购 overseas purchasing 试镜 screen test 访谈节目 chat show 智力竞赛节目 quiz show 武侠片 martial arts film 封面报道 cover story 跳槽 jump ship 闪婚 flash marriage 闪电约会 speeddating 闪电恋爱 whirlwind romance 刻不容缓，紧要关头 crunch time 健身 bodybuilding 遮阳伞 parasol 人渣 scouring

头等舱 first-cla cabin

世界遗产名录 the world heritage list

乐活族 LOHAS（Lifestyle Of Health And Sustainability） 安乐死 euthanasia

私生子 an illegitimate child; a love child

一夜情 one-night stand 大虾 knowbie

潜水 lurk

帖子：post & thread 斑竹（论坛里的版主）：moderator

控制面板：control panel 表情：smiley 即时通讯（聊天）软件: Instant Meenger (IM)

博客圈： blogsphere 视频女：camgirl 垃圾邮件： spam

第12篇：英文

This year summer vacation, I read the American well-known writer Hemingway\'s novel \" old person and sea \".I extremely admire in the novel the senior fisherman\'s will, he let me understand one person certainly must have relentle spirit, only then could obtain succefully.

The novel description is one year near sixty years of age senior fisherman, when alone goes to sea in one fishing, fished one big fish, actually did not pull.The senior fisherman socialized several days after the fish, only then discovered this was the big marlin which one surpaed the oneself fishing boat several fold, although knew perfectly well very difficult to win, but still did not give up.Afterwards and further because in the big marlin wound fish fishy smell brought in several crowds of shark fish snatches the food, but the old person still did not hope like this to give up, finally highlighted encircles tightly, returned to the big fish belt the fishing port, lets other fishermen not admire already.

When I read \" the senior fisherman think: Here to the seacoast really was too near, perhaps could have a bigger fish in a farther place...\" When, I extremely admire this senior fisherman, because he by now already projected on some fish, but he had not settled to the present situation, but was approaches the bigger goal advance.Again has a look us, usually meets one slightly is difficult, we all complain inceantly.We will be the motherland future, will be supposed to like this old person same mind lofty aspiration, will even better pursue even better, the bigger goal.

When I read \" the big marlin start fast to gather round the young fishing boat hover, twined the cable on the mast, the old person right hand lifted up high the steel fork, leapt the water surface in it the flash, did utmost throws to its heart, one wail ended the big fish\'s life, it was static static floats on the water surface...\" When, my heart also liked together the big stone falls.I extremely admire old person that kind do not dread, the relentle spirit, although knows the match strength is very strong, but he not slightly flinches, but is welcomes difficultly above.Just because had this kind of spirit, the senior fisherman only then achieved this life and death contest succe.We also must study senior fisherman\'s spirit in life, handles the matter does not fear the difficulty, only then can obtain succefully.

Was reading the big fish\'s smell of blood is smelled by one crowd of shark fish, struggled swims snatches the food, old person\'s left hand happen to in the convulsions, he only could use the right hand, with wooden stick， the mouth and so on all was allowed to use for the weapon self-defense which attacked, and finally expelled this crowd of shark fish.But the big fish\'s meat was already eaten one most, but the old person also charmingly criticized oneself the left hand \" this work time actually was resting \" time, I also was subdued by the old person optimistic spirit.In the life, some loes are inevitable, we should treat by the optimistic manner, cannot be calculating.

Finally, the novel sees by one youth the senior fisherman fully has 18 foot long big marlin in the measure, once more described this fish\'s hugene, explained senior fisherman overcomes the difficulty was big, non- was more common than.

The novel eulogized the spirit which the senior fisherman fear hard and dangerous diligently did not struggle, we also should like his such, could not satisfy the present situation, should positively to above, do any matter all is relentle, meets difficultly must welcome difficultly above, could give up halfway in no way.Only has this, we only then can obtain a bigger succe and the victory.

4，My comments and some ideas I have already heard of this masterpiece for many years,peope love it,prise it,and respect it.But when I finished it,at the first moment,I just wonder:Actually,Our human-beings don’t know what we really want,what we dream for,and what we fight for.Many people admit and prise this belief that the man is not made for defeat,,a man can be destroyed but not defeated,but what about other creatures in the world,to some extense,in the whole universe?No matter what kind of person we are,or how small or humble we are,it doesn’t matter.What matters most is whether we know what we want to purchase through our life.At finally,what impreed me a lot is that child with great naïve and loveline!The child took the beautiful and bright days back for the old man.We human beings are really a kind of strange creature.We can accept death,but when facing the failure,it will call for all of our strenth and courage.What’s I want to say at the end of this report is that:don’t hesitate any more!Enjoy yourself and your beautiful,even gray days!

An old man sailed on sea for ages, only to bring back a large coloal marlin skeleton，a worn-out boat, and his exhausted body.In Ernest Hemingway’s novel , there is only simple plot, and characters pure as water drops.However, no battle can be more glorious , and no story can be more appealing than it.I firmly refer it to story of hero.

“A man can be destroyed, but he can never be defeated.” The strong notes came out not from the old man’s mouth, but from the bottom of his heart.

Though he doesn’t accomplish his initial goal, he is not a failure.On the contrary, he is remembered as, hero.

Yes, no one can doubt that when he defended for the skeleton of marlin in the billows; When he raised up his powerful arms, grabbing the harpoon when attacked by a troop of sharps; When his profound, sea-like eyes shines the fearle perseverance.

Though I don’t believe in fate, I believe that everything in the world has its limits.When encountering his limits, the old man doesn’t break down.He continues to sail, to fight, to push his boundaries, to challenge with fate and limits.

I realized that our own lives are just like a vast ocean, splendid and miraculous, but dangerous with reefs as well.The waves can push you to an unbelievable climax, but in a blink of eye, it can also take away all your happine without empathy.

So, when it comes to failure, most of us get cold feet conspicuously.As a matter of fact, those who fight with limits are born to be nearer to so-called “failure”.For example, those who have devoted themselves to exploring the mystery of nature invariably end up in vain.Those who are dedicated to reform the society is more likely to be the first sacrifice.Only those comfortably staying in their own limits are constantly succeeding.However, this kind of “succe” only dues to his rival has surrendered long before, or he himself has never engaged in the battle.No applause for this kind of “winning by default”.

After reading this book, I understand that during the course of life, failures only belong to the one that compromise to limits.As long as you haven’t lose heart, you still have faith, you still preserve in fighting against limits till the day your weapon is broken like the old man’s, little by little, inch by inch, you will push the boundaries of hinders forward, and one inch is sure to be a beautiful leap.And that is not how you grow up, but how you stand up on your own.And virtually, that is the way human beings evolve.

Chances are that life gives you little in rewards of your endeavors, and God may leave you with nothing but an empty marlin skeleton.But we ought to set the old man as our model; cling to his is attitude towards life through the changing era.Let’s dance on the wave of life, savor resolute in the gust of wind, and appreciate paion through the waves.For this is what life all about.

Remember, you have become a hero when you fight till the last moment!

第13篇：英文

Tom’s father has taught English here since he graduated from peking University.

汤木姆的父亲从北京大学毕业后就一直在这里教英语

Please give this book to whoever comes first

请把这本书给最先来的人

Though it was late,they kept on working

尽管已经很晚了,他们还在继续工作

Apples here like water and sunshine

这里的苹果喜欢水和阳光

Fred was such a hardworking student that he soon came out first in the cla

弗瑞德是一个学习十分用功的学生,所以不久他就成了班里学习最好的学生

Ted and william have lived under the same roof for five years

泰德和威廉已经在同一个屋檐下生活了五年了.

A lot of natural resources in the mountain area will be exploited and used.

那个山区有许多自然资源有待于开发利用.

In Foreign languages Department,a checking machine is used to correct the students’s test papers.

在外语系,用阅卷机给学生阅卷.

The students are encouraged to do more listening,reading and writing by their teacher.

老师鼓励学生多听,多读,多写.

There is a large amount of energy wasted due to friction

由于摩擦而损耗了大量的能量.

This place has plentiful material resources.

这个地方的物质资源是丰富的.

Various substances differ widely in their magnetic characteristics.

各种材料的磁性有很大的不同.

Sports

1.你喜欢什么运动?

2.你如何喜欢上这种运动?

3.运动对你有什么益处(工作.学习和生活)

Sports

Just as lots of teenagers take to pop music,I love basketball because it’s part of my life.

I began to play basketball in my childhood.I still remember the good old days when I played with my clamates after school.Later on,as I grew up,almost everything changed except that the love of playing basketball remained and it even grew stronger.

I love this sport because it brings joys and health and felt refreshed.If there were worries and cares from daily life,I went to the sports ground.there everything went away except basketball.In sum, it is basketball that keeps me in good shape and mood.

Water and life

1.随着工业化(industrialization)的推进,地球上的淡水(fresh water)越来越少.

2.生命没水就要消亡(disappear),因此人类要珍惜(treasure)淡水.

3.我们如何节约用水.

Water and life

While we are enjoying the rich fruits of modern industrialization,we are losing something precious on this planet.fresh water, among others,is dwindling down day by day,owing to the large-scale industrialization everywhere in the world.

Just as sunshine is a neceity to lift,so is fresh water.without fresh water,our human society would come to a stop.

As fresh water is such an important resource to the human society that we need to treasure it as we treasure our life,but how to make it?

First of all, our government should have a good plan for the use of fresh water and develop industries that consume le water.Secondly,waste water must be recycled.last but not least,everyone of us should do his bit to save water.

A Get-together on may Day Holiday

1,了解对方近况.

2.告诉你的近况并通知他(她):五一长假有一个同学聚会.

3.邀请对方参加

A Get-together on may Day Holiday

April 15,2009

Dear wang hong:

How is everything getting along with you?It is almost one year since we graduated from university.I mied school teacher in my hometown since graduation.Teaching always keeps me busy,but I like my students and I love teaching,you know.So everything is fine here.therewill be a former clamates’ getting-together during this May Day holiday at my school.

You are my best friend.I never forget those happy days we spent together.I hope you will be free then and can come to my school attending the party.

I am looking forward to you reply.

Help Me to Buy a spoken English Book

1.介绍你的近况.

2.请他帮你买本英语口语书.

3.欢迎他方便时来访.

Help Me to Buy a spoken English Book

Oct.16,2007

Dear Li Hua,

It’s long time since we haven’t seen each other.I mi you very much.How’s everything going on with you?I am busy preparing PETS4.

I was wondering if you could help me buy PETS4 English oral textbook published by the beijing pre,because the books were sold out here.

Drop in when you are free.I often think of those happy days we spent together at university.

Please let me know as soon as poible once you get the book.

My best wishes.

Bad Manners in Public

1.列举人们在公共场所的不良现象.

2.对其中某一种现象陈述你的看法,并简单说明理由.

Bad Manners in Public

Although we consider ourselves as highly advanced beings living in a civilized society,bad manners can still be found here and there.For example,some cyclists run the red traffic lights,many paengers litter waste papers and plastic bags in public places, and some tourists scrabble in tourist attractions, let alone spit on the street.In the cinema,some audience talk loudly on cell phones in front of others.

I’m strongly against talking loudly in the cinema,for this behaviour shows no respect at all to others;what’s worse,it upsets the audience who are in the mood of having fun.

My Opinion om Call Phones

1.使用手机的好处。

2.使用手机的弊端

3.我的看法。

My Opinion om Call Phones

Cell phones do play an important role in people’s daily life,but every coin has two sides.

To start with,a wirele mobile phone is convenient for the user at any time to contact others .Secondly,it’s a helpful companuon.With a multifunctional cell phone in hand,one can easily surf the net,downloading what he needs.

However,the cell phone has many disadvantages.For one thing,the machine itself is very expensive and its local service is very costly,not to mention its global service.For another,the radiation transmitted from the mobile phones might do harm to the user’s health.

In my opinion,with its expenses being reduced sharply,its development will have a brighter future.Therefore its advantages will far outweigh its disadvantages.

My Favorite TV Program

1.你最喜欢什么电视节目？

2.你为何喜欢这种电视节目？

My Favorite TV Program

The News Broadcast is my favorite TV program.This has become a part of my life because almost everyday I turn on the TV at 7:00 p.m.,watching CCTV9news program.

Watching the daily news brings me the following benefits.Firstly,it develops my good language skills,proper pronunciation and greater knowledge and understanding of news around the world.Secondly,watching TV news as a family opens a stage for discuion between family members on a wide variety of topics.What’s more,sharing the news helps kids better understand the world they live in,helps them learn more on different views and on how to act or respond to tough situations if they face it.All in all,watching the news program is informative,communicative and instructive.

Can Money Buy Happine?

1.不同的人对金钱能买来幸福观持有不同的观点。

2.我的观点。

Can Money Buy Happine?

Can Money Buy Happine?The answer varies among people.Some believe that money is the source of happine, because money provides food for the hungry,medicine for the sick,and clothes for needly.while others hold that money is the root of evils,because it is the devil of money that drives a person to lie, cheat,steal,and,worst of all,to murder.

In my opinion,money is eential to being well-off,but not necearily to well-being.Happine is a state of mind,not something that can be bought.All in all,happine is le a matter of buying what we want than a wanting what we have.

The Digital Products

1.如今数字化产品得到广泛的使用，例如……。

2.数字化产品的使用对人们生活所带来的影响。

The Digital Products

Nowadays,digital products are enjoying growing popularity among people.Take me for example,the first thing I do after waking up is switch on my cell phone to check my texb meages and read the latest news.Then listen to music on my ipod on my way to school.At the end of the day,I enjoy watching TV programs,or surfing the net.

Why are we so fond of those digital products? These two key factors represent the trend of new inventions of modern age that brings in the wide use of digital products.

第14篇：报关考试国贸课程重点英文词组缩写城市及中文翻译

air bill oflading空运提单air freight空运费

air waybill航空运单airport of departure始发站

airport of destination目的站bill of lading提单

booking list订仓清单，装货订仓表 cargo in bulk散装货cargo insurance货物运输保险case NO

cash against delivery

certificate of origin

consignee

consignor

country of origin

customs declaration

customs house

customs invoice

date of arrival

date of delivery

description

Free alongside ship

Freight rates

Gro weight

Importer

Invoice

Maritime bill of lading

Marks&No

Net weight

Number of packages

Packing list

Pallet

Place of origin

Poor packing

Port of destination

Port of discharge

Port of dispatch

Port of loading

Shipment date

Shipper advice

Shipper

Shipping mark

箱号货到付款原产地收货人发货人，寄售人原产国报关单海关海关发票到达日期交货日期商品名称装运港船边交货运费率毛重进口商发票海运提单唛头及件数净重包装件数装箱单托盘产地有缺陷的包装目的地，到达地卸货港发货口岸装货港装船日期/装运日期已装船通知/装船通知托运人装运唛头 1

Specification规格

Total amount总价

total packages包装总数

tranhipment goods转运货物

warning marks警告性标记

waybill运单

常用缩写

B/L bill of lading海运提单

C.C.V.Ocombined certificate of value and origin估价和原产地联合证明书

CFRcost and freight成本加运费价格

CIFcost insurance and freight到岸价格

D/Adocuments against acceptance承兑交单

D/Pdocuments against payment付款交单

EMSExpre Main Ports特快专递

EXWex works工厂交货

FOBfree on board离岸价

L/Cletter of credit信用证

L/Gletter of guarantee担保书，保证书

M/Tmetric ton公吨

W.Rwar risk战争险

W.Wwarehouse to warehouse仓到仓

W/Mweight or measurement重量或体积

S/Oshipping order装货单（下货纸）LCLle than container load拼箱货

FCAFree carrier货交承运人（价）

有关国家主要港口

美 国（U S A）

New York纽约

Philadelphia费拉德尔非亚

Boston波士顿

Seattle西雅图

San Francisco圣弗兰西斯科(旧金山)

Los Angeles洛杉矶

Houston休斯敦

New Orleans新奥尔良

日本（Japan）

Tokyo东京

Yokohama横滨

Osaka大板

Kobe神户

德国(Germany)

Hamburg汉堡

Rostock罗斯托克

俄罗斯(Ruia)

Vlanivostok符拉迪沃斯托克(海参崴)

英国(United Kingdonm)

Lodon伦敦

Southampton南安普敦

Portamouth朴次茅斯

Liverpool利物浦

意大利(Lialy)

Roma

Venezia

加拿大(Canada)

Montreal

Qwebec

澳大利亚(Australia)

Sydney

Melbourne

韩国(R O Korea)

Inchon

Pusan

新加坡(Singapore)

Singapore

埃及(Egypt)

Suez

欧州

Amsterdam

Rotterdam

Antwerp

Barcelona

Lisbon

Gopenhagen

Helsinki

Bahia Blanca

非州

Port Sudan

Cape Town

世界主要空港

Seoul

Singapore

Berlin

Frankfurt

London

罗马 威尼斯蒙特利尔 魁北克 悉尼墨尔本（新金山） 仁川 釜山新加坡 苏伊士阿姆斯特丹（荷兰）廘特丹 （荷 兰）安特卫普 （比利时）巴塞罗那 （西班牙）里斯本（葡萄牙）哥本哈根（丹麦）赫尔辛基（芬兰）布兰卡港（阿根挺）苏丹港 （苏丹）开普敦 （南非）汉城 （韩国）新加坡柏林（德国）法兰克福（德国）伦敦 （英国）

3Paris巴黎（法国）

Moscow莫斯科（俄罗斯）

Rome罗马（意大利）

Copenhagen哥本哈根 （丹麦）

Washington华盛顿（美国）

New York纽约 （美国）

Los Angeles洛杉矶（美国）

San Francisco圣弗兰西斯科(旧金山)

Toronto多伦多 （加拿大）

Mexico City墨西哥城 （墨西哥）

Rio de Janeiro里约热内卢 （巴西）

Sydney悉尼 （澳大利亚）

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第15篇：城市现

城市现“新留守现象”:家长忙于打拼忽视精神关爱

14日下午4点，开福区富雅坪社区“快乐100分课堂”上，几名小学生正在社工和志愿者的辅导下学习。龚磊 摄

“很多中小学生一周5天在学校，有的甚至周末都不回家，父母对他们的陪伴和关爱同样也很少。”在长沙市心理学会秘书长、儿童心理学专家刘正华看来，近年来长沙出现了不少寄宿制学校，留守儿童已不再是乡村的“专利”，城市也逐步出现了新的“留守儿童”。

湖南师范大学教育科学学院心理学系教授、家庭教育本土化研究专家燕良轼认为，儿童成长是一个社会化的过程，无论哪一个环节出问题，都会对孩子的成长产生影响。针对“新留守现象”背后的亲子教育问题，他呼吁，中国现在急需开办“家长学校”，让家长补上“家庭教育”的课。

【现象】 父母“身”虽近“心”却远

在刘正华看来，新留守现象分为两种：一为城市留守现象；二为“心”留守现象。城市留守现象在寄宿制学校出现的比较普遍，而“心”留守现象却最易被人忽略。

今年5月是长沙中小学生心理健康月，刘正华借此机会做了一项调查，题目很简单，“你有心里话最愿意跟谁说”。反馈的结果令他十分惊讶。“排名第一的是网友，第二是朋友，第三是老师，第四才是家长”，刘正华认为，这份答卷十分明确地说明了一点：父母虽离孩子最近，但心理距离却是最远的。

为什么会出现“心”留守现象？刘正华认为，一是家长教育知识的严重缺乏；二是生存压力和竞争压力太大。家长普遍认为，不能让孩子们输在起跑线上，所以要努力挣钱，为孩子们将来上名校、出国留学积累财富。“殊不知，正是家长在这种焦虑下忙于打拼，却忽视了对孩子的精神关爱”。

【支招】 陪孩子吃晚餐效果最好

刘正华提倡父母应多回家陪孩子吃饭，“这顿吃的不是饭，是感情。孩子在饭桌上叽叽呱呱说上一大堆，这顿饭吃得就有意义了。”

为了和孩子们更好地沟通，让孩子们从“心”留守中走出来，刘正华建议，做父母的要争取每晚和孩子在一起吃饭，每个周末抽出半天时间跟孩子呆在一起。而郊游、踏青、野炊、放风筝等亲子活动，是增进父母与孩子间感情的最好方式。

“我们当父母的，童年都是玩着过的。为什么不让孩子的童年更丰富多彩呢？”刘正华说。

另外，他还指出，家长虽然不是一种职业，但却是一生的事业。但目前许多家长的教育知识却严重缺乏，针对这种现状，他建议社区以及相关社会机构应设立“家长学校”，以各种形式帮家长们补上“家庭教育”这门课。

【建议】 “家长学校”应深入社区

燕良轼教授一直关注家庭教育本土化研究，他认为，新留守现象破局，最重要的是破家长之局。家长必须要改变思路，懂得先进的教育理念，与孩子们进行平等对话和沟通，让孩子们在这种情况下成为“自己”。

在发达国家，家庭教育发展相对成熟。然而，中国父母大多数在教育方面存在问题：要么放任自由，不管不顾不负责任；要么什么都管，强行交往，责任侵犯，本来孩子可自己承担的责任，也被父母强行担负。“儿童的成长其实是一个社会化的过程，无论哪一个环节出了问题都会对孩童的成长产生影响”。

燕良轼也认为，中国现在急需开办“家长学校”。但是当发达国家的“家庭教育”引入中国时，就被片面地简化为“家长培训讲座班”了，这其实是远远不够的。因此他建议，在没有成规模体系的背景下，“家长学校”应该深入社区，为想成为父母和已为父母的居民进行系统化的培训。

专家提醒平时陪护孩子少 青春期易出问题

有时父母与孩子间沟通出现问题了，追根溯源，一般是由于从小没有建立起温暖的亲子关系。

长沙秋实心理咨询中心主任、青少年心理专家丹妮认为，“在成长的关键时段，孩子如没有得到好的陪伴，感觉不到父母的温暖，这也是孩子到青春期出现成长问题的主要原因。”

丹妮将缺少精神关爱的孩子称为“精神孤儿”。她认为，缓解“新留守现象”，避免出现“精神孤儿”可通过多方面入手，家长首先要懂得怎么爱孩子，不仅仅在物质上，更要在精神上关爱孩子。如果父母确实在外地或确实无暇陪伴孩子，也可通过其他沟通途径来和孩子进行精神交流，比方电话、视频等，让孩子感受到父母的关心和爱。

创新举措 设“4点半课堂”“家长课堂” 让孩子远离“新留守现象”

11月14日下午5点，在长沙市开福区富雅坪社区，办公大厅旁边的一间会议室里，7名学生正在这里做作业。边上还有3个年轻人在辅导孩子。

8岁女孩何祺秀是这里的常客，差不多每天放了学就会来。“爸爸妈妈都要工作，放学后回到家里没人。来这里有很多伙伴，还有大哥哥大姐姐教我做作业、玩游戏。”她说。

富雅坪社区书记孔琼介绍，这是社区志愿者工作站开设的“快乐100分课堂”，由社工和大学生志愿者负责照看社区内的小朋友，同时组织他们参加各种社区活动。

“4点半课堂” 弥补孩子看护“真空期”

“小学生下午三四点钟就放学了，家长还在上班，没时间照管孩子，我们就提供服务弥补这段‘真空期’”。她说，该课堂面向社区学生开放，不仅为孩子提供了一个放心学习交流的空间，更解决了双职工家庭的孩子下午四点半放学后无人接、无人管，安全无保障的问题。

孔琼直言，来这里的孩子的家长普遍正是事业发展期，忙于生计，没空照顾孩子。另外，有些孩子虽有爷爷奶奶照顾，“但除了接送，安排下饮食起居，老人家辅导不了孩子。”她说，志愿者除了辅导学业，还会上门进行家访，了解家庭教育情况，同时对有行为偏差的学生做个案跟踪，对其行为进行矫正。

共青团长沙市委权益部部长周道介绍，长沙已经建成了393家志愿者工作站，除了富雅坪社区的“快乐100分课堂”，还有社区开设了类似的“四点半课堂”，由志愿者对学生提供学习和心理方面的辅导。

社区“家长课堂” 帮家长“充电”

“孩子心灵上的孤独，特别是亲情上的缺失，这背后主要靠强化家庭教育来弥补”。

让孔琼印象最深的是，“快乐100分课堂”上有名8岁的女生，两次把2岁的弟弟也带了过来，一边写作业一边带小孩。经打听才得知，其父母开店做生意，平常忙不过来，便把照顾儿子的工作推给了女儿。为此，社区还专门开辟了家长课堂，针对部分家长进行家庭教育方面的培训。

孔琼介绍，家长课堂有专业的老师上课，有带着小孩一块听课的，也有家长单独去的。社区每个月开展一次，除了亲子关怀还有法制、安全等方面的知识。

周道则透露，除了社区开展的家长课堂，7月份，由团市委组织了一场面向全市的家长课堂。此外，还有不少学校也开设了家长课堂，组织开展以专家培训和亲子活动为主的各项活动。

省直关工委主任戴海春介绍，关工委也组织开展了与家庭教育相关的讲座、培训。不过他指出，家庭教育目前还不统一，没有专业的学科、教育机构，妇联、关工委、共青团等虽均有涉及，但都是分头管理，不成体系。

安徽耗资7亿大桥建成9月“脱皮” 官方雷语回应

"我们使用的沥青是从韩国进口的，粘贴剂是英国的，而这些国家生产和设计这些材料是根据本国的环境，却不能适应蚌埠的温度。"

据中国之声《新闻纵横》报道，耗资近7亿、历时三年建成的蚌埠大庆路淮河公路桥，于去年12月底正式通车，但仅9个月后，主桥面大面积出现"脱皮"现象。市民质疑是豆腐渣工程，要求相关部门进行解释。大桥工程建设指挥部有关负责人接受采访时称，除了车辆超载因素，最主要的是桥面上使用的全部是进口材料，而外国的材料设计不适应蚌埠的高温。

纵横点评："外国材料水土不服"不一定是雷人雷语，或许的确是客观原因。但大桥设计建造之初，难道就没有考虑到温度、气候的差异？这样的解释无法让责任人推卸责任，恰恰是自证了其罪。

广西一患者到医院做手术 被要求买千元手术刀(图)

未经招标 医生推销手术刀

一患者到柳州市工人医院做手术，花1000元买了把手术刀

11月22日，柳州一市民到柳州市工人医院南院骨科，做腕管综合症微创手术。术前，医生推荐了一个医疗器械代理商，要求患者向对方购买手术刀。患者家属感到不可思议。

25日，南国早报记者调查发现，这款手术刀未经过招投标就进入医院，而涉事医生拒绝回应。业内人士表示，医生这样推销手术刀不合理

蹊跷之事：手术刀要自己买

11月18日，柳州市民关先生和家人带着岳母孙女士，到柳州市工人医院就诊。随后，孙女士被确诊为双侧腕管综合症。接下来，接诊医生建议她到该院骨科治疗。

到了该医院南院骨科，孙女士被安排住院进行手术。21日，术前检查完毕，医生准备在第二天实施手术。当天，关先生向主治医生孙某询问手术费用，得知大约需要5000元。关先生按照医生的要求，向医院预付了5000元。

然而，交费后，令关先生疑惑不解的一幕出现了。医生告诉他，手术使用的手术刀医院没有，需要患者自行购买。一把手术刀要800元，他可以推荐销售手术刀的人员给他们。

关先生说，按照常理，患者做手术都是使用医院提供的手术刀，从没听说过要患者自己购买。他有点“骑虎难下”：术前的检查费用已经花了1000多元，如果不购买手术刀做手术，术前检查就等于白做了。

无奈之下，关先生只好同意了医生的要求。当着他的面，医生孙某给销售医疗器械的业务员打了一个电话。

家属担心：出现问题谁担责

由于当天有事，关先生答应购买手术刀后就离开了医院。没多久，销售手术刀的业务员来到关女士的病床前。

“不是800元吗，怎么变成了1000元？”孙女士说，业务员一到病房，就对她说手术刀要1000元，不容讨价还价。见她迟疑，业务员欲走出病房。孙女士只好答应购买，她付钱后，看到一把小小的手术刀，业务员当场给了她一张事先打印好的销售清单。

11月26日，记者在这张销售清单上看到，销售手术刀的公司名为柳州市三雄科技有限公司，出单日期为11月20日。

对此，关先生和家人越想越生气，另外还有些担忧：在手术过程中，万一通过这种方式购买的手术刀出现问题，责任谁来承担？

23日，孙女士出院后，拿到的住院清单上，并没有购买手术刀费用一项。她问过护士，也没有从医院拿回自己购买的手术刀。

记者调查：确未经过招投标

11月26日，在该医院南院骨科医生办公室，记者找到了医生孙某。“我懒得理他。”这句话他重复了几次，接着称不方便说什么，便离开了办公室。

当天下午，记者采访了柳州市工人医院南院系统主任杨小辉医生。在杨医生的介绍下，记者看到了出售给孙女士的德国进口手术刀和一把切割皮肤的国产手术刀。前者像一把挖耳勺，呈长条形，尾部有些弯曲，没有刀刃，而国产手术刀只有半个指甲大小，也呈细长状。

杨医生一直强调“此刀非彼刀”，“孙女士的手术是微创手术，所用的手术刀由德国进口，所以售价比较高，不能等同于国产二三十元的手术刀，且手术刀的批准文号等手续都齐全，是合格的”。

“等到招投标要等到什么时候？”杨医生称，该手术刀的确没有经过医院的招投标。而且1000元的价格，在业界来说，已经是全国最低价。“如果手术刀经过招投标进入医院，医院再往上加价，病患还要花更多的钱”。

那么，这款手术刀是柳州市三雄科技有限公司跟医院合作，还是与骨科或者医生个人合作？杨医生没有正面回答，并要求记者不要再深究。

业界说法：出现问题易扯皮

“这牵扯到很多问题，柳州所有的医院都是这样操作。”但在采访中，杨医生并没有举例证明其他医院也采取相同的做法。据其介绍，这个双侧腕管综合症微创手术，全国只有他们医院的骨科用这种手术刀做，是独创的。另外，这种手术的创面小，不存在什么风险，不会造成医患纠纷。

记者拍摄了杨医生提供的手术刀样品。但是，当记者欲拍摄批准文号时，杨医生却以涉密为由，不允许拍摄。

该医院党委办公室负责人表示，医生在术前已经将相关事宜告知患者，双方也签署了协议，不存在什么问题。

记者将孙女士遇到的情况反馈给柳州市卫生局医政科，一名工作人员称，此事属于医生的医德问题，要向卫生局纪检监察人员反映。11月26日，该局的纪检监察人员外出办事，记者未得到回复。

“想想都知道这是不对的，什么手术刀那么贵？”广西一家三甲医院的外科手术医生韩医生说，根据相关规定，医疗器械和药品进入医院都要进行招标，才符合规范，才能保证安全。通常，医院是不允许这样的手术刀出现在手术台的，“孙女士使用的进口手术刀没有招标，如果术后导致感染，关于责任问题容易相互扯皮”。南国早报 记者 蓝锋

女生遭老师当众扇五耳光口鼻出血 称不敢回校

26日上午，记者在蓬溪县人民医院见到了正躺在病榻上休息的吉星学校初三

（二）班的胡英（化名）和她的父亲。

十五岁初三女生与同学争执，发生抓扯，遭老师“教育”狂扇五耳光？前日(25日)晚，网友“四川商界老王”微博@四川新闻网报料称，遂宁市蓬溪县吉星乡吉星小学一老师当众狂扇学生五耳光，致学生口、鼻出血住进医院，据初步诊断为轻度脑伤，疑颅骨骨折。

26日上午，四川新闻网记者赶赴蓬溪，经实地多方走访核实，吉星小学老师扇学生耳光确有其事，但网曝描述内容有夸张。

回忆：“五耳光”让学生不敢回学校

26日上午，记者在蓬溪县人民医院见到了正躺在病榻上休息的吉星学校初三(二)班的胡英(化名)。

胡英告诉记者，11月14日中午吃完午饭，她在操场跟初二的一个女生起了争执，两个人相互抓扯了起来，正好被教导主任看到，并带到了办公室，随后还通知了两人的班主任老师。

“如果不是我把她推开，她还要继续打！”胡英说，在教导主任办公室，初二学生的班主任廖老师进来就问她们是谁先动的手？她当即承认是自己，却没想到廖老师直接冲到她面前，狂扇了她五耳光。

在被老师打过后，胡英称“连续三天失眠无法入睡，我不想回学校了，我怕看到那个人！”

伤者嘴角有血痂 校方表示老师处置欠妥

“当时她眼睛红红的，看得出来哭过，而且嘴角还有血迹！”胡英的同桌邓霞(化名)告诉记者，而胡英的另一名同桌王超(化名)也证实当天看到胡英的脸上红红的，和普通的红不一样，能看出来被打过，但是脸上并没有手印！

与胡英发生抓扯的女生小红告诉记者，胡英比她高一个年级！这次打她已经是第二次了，这次是因为胡英怀疑她讲了自己的坏话，所以当时同其他三名女同学一起把她拦到并且打了她，教导处主任看见通知了她们双方班主任，廖老师向他们询问是谁先动手，胡英当时很傲慢地对廖老师说:我动的，怎么嘛！廖老师当时就推了她一下并且轻轻地打了她耳光，打的时候嘴里还说:“那我打你，你会有什么样感受。”

“我们了解的情况是，当天老师和学生确实发生了肢体接触，但出发点是以教育为目的的惩戒。”26日下午16时许，吉星小学副校长陆亿在接受记者采访时证实，根据学校调查，当天廖老师在办公室内确有推搡和打耳光的动作，但并非网帖所述的那么夸张。

“听说家长也报警了，我愿意走法律程序，通过司法鉴定来验证小胡的伤情。”廖化南老师回应称，自己只是扇了两下胡英的脸以示惩戒，网帖所述“狂扇五耳光”“口鼻流血”的现象不属实，“她奶奶在当天中午赶到学校，如果有问题，当时就发现了。”

同在办公室经历了那个中午的胡英的班主任何燃也表示当时廖老师确有扇了胡英两耳光的行为，并且认为这样的做法有些欠妥，但毕竟也是从为学生好的角度出发，并不会有伤害学生的主观故意。何燃老师还给记者提供了二份胡英在8天内写的两份保证书。

居民：放心将孩子交给廖老师

伤者家长：这样的老师有什么资格站在讲台上

“廖老师在这里教了近三十年的书了！我们自己的娃儿都在他手底下教，我们都很放心！”在吉星乡街道上某诊所外，一位当地村民告诉记者，廖老师十分尽职尽责，还经常跟他们说娃儿在学校的情况！

“我个人觉得，‘黄荆条条出好人’现在的娃儿，好多都不听话，老师不能体罚学生，不好管！老师严格教育是应该的，自己的娃儿，廖老师教育了，我还要感谢他！”村民张某说。

“做父母的接受不了小孩被打的事实，我要一个说法，这样的老师有什么资格站在讲台上！”胡英的父亲胡全民说，他和爱人都在深圳打工， 14日在听到女儿被打后，他心里十分揪心，一直未能睡个安稳觉，在跟爱人商量后，18日晚11点20分，他乘坐飞机从深圳到重庆，辗转十多个小时回到蓬溪。 医院：伤者伤情不重建议出院

“伤者在15日入院时，脸部肿胀压痛，鼻腔、口腔有血痂。”26日晚些时候，蓬溪县人民医院副院长郭祚金向记者介绍说，从诊断来看，胡英的伤情不严重，并表示，曾建议胡英出院，但被拒绝。

“这些项目在入院观察中会逐步排除，并不是真正的诊断结果。”郭祚金向记者解释说，网友在微博中所援引的“入院记录(三)”只是一个初步的诊断。他表示，从15日至今，经过两次CT检查，胡英目前头部没有问题，“今天上午我们已经通知他们可以出院了。”

家长称已报警 警方不接受采访

记者在采访过程中从家长处了解到，伤者的爷爷已在15日向吉星治安执勤点当日执勤警员何兵报警，何兵当时受理并向鸣凤派出所汇报，从伤者处了解到在18日有3名警官到蓬溪县人民医院了解此事。

记者在26日采访此事时向当地派出所了解事情，当地派出所称要记者征得蓬溪县公安局政治处同意后才能接受采访，记者稍后致电蓬溪县公安局政治处付主任了解情况，付主任在电话中告诉记者，事情有关学生，话题敏感，现在不方便接受采访。

据悉，蓬溪县教育局已经介入调查此事，本网记者也将前往县教育局了解相关处理情况，对此事进行跟踪报道。

编后语：

相信这名老师的初衷是好的，为了教育好学生。但为了这个目的，就要动手打人吗？那肯定是不对的！但学生家长在事情发生后执意怀疑这位老师有无资格站在讲台上，并医院建议出院，还拒绝，家长这样的做法是不是真的为了孩子好呢？古人云：“一日为师终生为父”老师这样的做法肯定是为了孩子好，但俗话又说：“虎毒不食子”谁家的孩子谁不疼啊？胡英的父亲从广东回来为孩子讨说法，目的都是为了孩子好，两个为了孩子成长好的观点发生冲突，老师认识错误，家长是不是也该反思？但对于违纪学生究竟应该采取何种批评教育方式，这就需要我们的老师去探索更多更好的教育方法，而不是拿起简单的“大棒”。

第16篇：智慧城市

智慧城市—我的中国梦

——智慧与精神同在

经过蒸汽时代、电气时代、信息时代，我们迎来了智慧时代。顾名思义，智慧时代的是人的思想与现实结合的产物。不管是从蒸汽时代到电气时代，还是从电气时代到信息时代都是技术变化的产物，而智慧时代不仅仅是技术革命更是精神革命。

中华民族是一个多灾多难的民族，但她从没停滞前进的步伐，这正是由于人民的精神支撑，中华民族才得以在一次次磨砺中新生。以爱国主义为核心的民族精神，激励了一代又一代的人民以新时代的要求来促进社会发展，人类和谐。习近平主席说得好，中华民族的昨天可以说是“雄关漫道真如铁”；中华民族的今天正可谓“人间正道是沧桑”；中华民族的明天可以说是“长风破浪会有时”智慧城市的建设又为长风破浪进了一步。

已经处于信息数字化的我们新一代青年，肩上的责任更重。

大学生，无疑将是社会发展的中坚力量，国家和社会也很重视大学生的培养和发展，智慧时代同样也深入到了学生身边。智慧校园将是一个划时代的新举。

智慧校园是指通过利用云计算、虚拟化和物联网等新技术来改变党校学员、工作人员和校园相互交互的一种方式。将实现一个全新的安全、稳定、环保、节能的校园。智慧校园将为广大师生提供一个综合信息服务平台，促进师生的信息获取速度的提高以及信息的全面化，作为大学生的我们，正是这个时代的受益者和改善者。

在智能校园的这个环境下我们将实现手机开门、手机借书、手机考勤、手机消费等一系列一账式服务；智能校园的建设是基于互联网发展的基础上，现在互联网已经大范围的运用到了教学上，在智能时代下的教室将比现在更方便高效，避免携带厚重的课本、避免上交作业本、避免老师辛苦的板书„„当然远程教学更是智慧校园将建设的一个重点，这将大大方便了师生的互动与交流。实现智能校园后的对学生的一个最大的益处是更好的扩充眼界、充实大脑，为实现中华民族的伟大复兴提供更优质的人才保证。

学生的学校的生活，总是牵动着家长们的心。如在教室冷吗？饭菜凉吗？校园周边环境安全吗？在智慧校园下的学生绝对不会遇到上述问题，因为智能校园能根据学生的需要，为学生提供一个安全舒适的学习生活环境，将自然环境与外界影响程度降到最低。

家长的问题解决了，学生当然也有问题。校园里的wifi信号好不好、覆盖够不够全面？不用担心在智能校园下的wifi可以做到处处有覆盖，并且可以实现内外网两套隔离。这样就可以满足学校日常无线网络使用需求，提高网络的安全性和性能。

不仅仅是校园，飞机场、火车站’公交站、商场、游泳馆、办公楼等都将在智慧时代下实现全面智能，智慧时代是与人类智慧相关联的，是将智慧运用到现实生活中的一个新举动。 智慧与精神同在，正是有了一代一代人的不懈奋斗、辛苦钻研才有了今天的信息智慧时代。我们应该高度发扬前辈们的精神，为实现中华民族的伟大复兴积蓄力量，社会为我们提供了那么多便利，我们应该回报她更多，为了智慧时代更智能而努力。

第17篇：城市广告语

北海：滨海人居，生态北海 乐山：乐山乐水乐在其中 青岛：心随帆动，驶向成功 丽江：七彩云南，梦幻丽江 沈阳：新沈阳，新环境

许昌：魏都、钧都、花都——中国许昌 日照：黄金海岸，激情日照 佛山：和谐佛山，绿色家园 诸暨：西施故里，美丽诸暨 洛阳：国花牡丹城——洛阳

哈尔滨：冷酷冰城——哈尔滨 大连：浪漫之都，中国大连 无锡：太湖明珠，中国无锡 昆明：天天是春天

义乌：小商品的海洋，购物者的天堂

北京市:东方古都，长城故乡 新北京 新奥运 上海市:上海,精彩每一天

重庆市:世界的重庆,永远的三峡 广州市:一日读懂两千年

内蒙古:美丽青城，天堂草原

福州市:福山福水福州游 南宁市:绿城寻歌壮乡情 银州市:塞上明珠,中国银川 长沙市:多情山水,天下洲城

成都市:成功之都,多彩之都,美食之都 桂林市:桂林山水甲天下 苏州市:人间天堂,苏州之旅 无锡市:太湖美景,无锡旅情 大连市:浪漫之都,中国大连 宁波市:东方商埠,时尚水都

厦门市:海上花园,温馨厦门

深圳市:深圳_每天给你带来新的希望 珠海市:浪漫之都,中国珠海 汕头市:海风潮韵,世纪商都 三亚市:天涯芳草,海角明珠

海南五指山:不登五指山,不算到海南 山东曲阜市:孔子故里,东方圣城 山东东营市:齐鲁神韵,豪情山水 山东日照市:游山登五岳,赏海去日照 山东威海市:拥抱碧海蓝天,体验渔家风情 陕西咸阳市:中国金字塔之都--咸阳 宜昌市:金色三峡,银色大坝,绿色宜昌 邯郸市:游各城邯郸,品古赵文化 承德市:游承德,皇帝的选择 洛阳市:国花牡丹城--洛阳 焦作市:焦作山水,人间仙境 三门峡市:文化圣地天鹅之城 江苏南通市:追江赶海到南通 江苏长熟市:世上湖山,天下常熟 浙江嘉兴市:水都绿城,休闲嘉兴

浙江富阳市:富春山水,孙权故里 福建龙岩市:福建西部风情 福建漳州市:水仙花的故里

福建三明市:走进多情山水,拥抱绿色三明 福建武夷山市:东方伊甸园,纯真武夷山 广东中山市:伟人故里,锦绣中山 广东梅州市:千色容都,中国梅州

广东肇庆市:肇庆山水美如画,堪称东方日内瓦 扬州：诗画瘦西湖、人文古扬州 昆明市：昆明天天是春天

烟台市：人间仙境 梦幻烟台 海口市：椰风海韵 南海明珠 杭州市：爱情之都 天堂城市 金华市：风水金华 购物天堂

义乌市：小商品的海洋 购物者的天堂 江门市：侨乡山水风情画 青岛市：海上都市 欧亚风情 趵突神韵甲天下 济南潇洒胜江南 阳光海口 娱乐之都 森林之城 魅力贵阳

东方商埠 时尚水都---中国宁波 千年帝都 牡丹花城---中国洛阳 千年梦华 七朝古都

北方水城---中国开封 江北水城 中国聊城

天堂草原 魅力青城---中国呼和浩特 中国新疆 ——掀起你的盖头来 山水甲天下 魅力新桂林

走进多情山水 拥抱绿色三明---福建三明 锦绣诗乡 多彩画廊 魅力绥阳---贵州 拜水都江堰 问道青城山 奇山秀水绿南宁

山水古太行 诗画新平顺 美丽青城 天堂草原---内蒙古 活力之都 中国沈阳

避暑之都 休闲胜地---中国贵阳 多情长沙 快乐之都

多彩武安 长寿乐园---河北邯郸-武安 英雄故里 海豚之乡---广西钦州

冯如故里名中外,温泉之乡冠古今---广东恩平

烟花水都诗画扬州

大英山水 自由天地---四川遂宁大英县 西域古镇,人文新市

沙漠绿洲,世外桃源---新疆哈密 畅游海南 回归自然---海南 拜水都江堰 问道青城山

惊世古迹 和谐天地---陕西西安临潼 梦幻水乡，人文绍兴； 古越胜地，诗韵水城。 一山、一水、一圣人---山东

云上金顶 天下峨眉

山海仙境 葡萄酒城 魅力烟台 山水太行 丰采新乡

祈福圣地 度假天堂---河南平顶山 园林之城 天堂苏州 浪漫之城 中国珠海 多情长沙 快乐之都

多彩武安 长寿乐园---河北邯郸-武安 英雄故里 海豚之乡---广西钦州

冯如故里名中外,温泉之乡冠古今---广东恩平

烟花水都诗画扬州

大英山水 自由天地---四川遂宁大英县

西域古镇,人文新市; 沙漠绿洲,世外桃源---新疆哈密 畅游海南 回归自然---海南 拜水都江堰 问道青城山

惊世古迹 和谐天地---陕西西安临潼 游山登五岳 赏海去日照

游安庆，唱黄梅——每天都是一出戏 帆船之都"青岛

新赣州，新旅游，新感受 山水太行 丰采新乡

祈福圣地 度假天堂---河南平顶山 园林之城 天堂苏州 浪漫之城 中国珠海

绿色油化之都，天然百湖之城－－－大庆 北京市：东方古都，长城故乡

上海市：上海，精彩每一天

重庆市：世界的重庆，永远的三峡

广州市：一日读懂两千年

福州市：福山福水福州游

银川市：塞上明珠，中国银川

长沙市：多情山水，天下洲城

成都市：成功之都，多彩之都，美食之都

桂林市：桂林山水甲天下

苏州市：人间天堂，苏州之旅

无锡市：太湖美景，无锡旅情

大连市：浪漫之都，中国大连

宁波市：东方商埠，时尚水都

厦门市：海上花园，温馨厦门

深圳市：每天给你带来新的希望

珠海市：浪漫之都，中国珠海

汕头市：海风潮韵，世纪商都

三亚市：天涯芳草，海角明珠

曲阜市：孔子故里，东方圣城

咸阳市：中国金字塔之都——咸阳

宜昌市：金色三峡，银色大坝，绿色宜昌

邯郸市：游名城邯郸，品古赵文化

承德市：游承德，皇帝的选择

洛阳市：国花牡丹城——洛阳

北海：滨海人居，生态北海

丽江：七彩云南，梦幻丽江

沈阳：新沈阳，新环境

日照：黄金海岸，激情日照

诸暨：西施故里，美丽诸暨

哈尔滨：冷酷冰城——哈尔滨

大连：浪漫之都，中国大连

义乌：小商品的海洋，购物者的天堂

漳州市：水仙花的故里

武夷山市：东方伊甸园，纯真武夷山

中山市：伟人故里，锦绣中山

扬州：诗画瘦西湖、人文古扬州

昆明市：昆明天天是春天

烟台市：人间仙境 梦幻烟台

海口市：椰风海韵 南海明珠 杭州市：爱情之都 天堂城市

金华市：风水金华 购物天堂

江门市：侨乡山水风情画

三门峡市：文化圣地天鹅之城

南通市：追江赶海到南通

常熟市：世上湖山，天下常熟

嘉兴市：水都绿城，休闲嘉兴

全国文明城市，华人企业王国。

——国务院发展研究中心 陈贤龙

务实、创新、绿色、超前，不到东莞一生遗憾

——河南获嘉县学校巷 王明云

世界制造业名城，宜居宜商宜创业——东莞欢迎您！

——南方医科大学广济医院眼科医生 曾佰生

世界制造之魂，东莞美景如画。

——东莞茶山凯冠厂 石少忠

古老又活力四射的南国明珠。

——东莞理工学院退休教工 利增威

东莞，一座值得停留的城市。

——东莞市盛星电脑科技有限公司 彭湃博

胜举之城、荣耀东莞。

——莞城中学初中部初一学生 张越

南国明珠，魅力新城——东莞欢迎您！

——厚街艺园学校 李祥明

东纳福瑞，莞容四海！

——东莞南城石鼓遂通别克汽车公司 周可峰

莞制甲天下，温暖你我他！

——塘厦镇横塘村 翟小波

中国的广东，世界的东莞！

——高埗聚成玩具厂 胡坤民

华南龙头，腾飞东莞

——洪梅镇台玻华南玻璃有限公司 魏广鑫

魅力东莞，居商领先。活力东莞，绘彩明天！——万江新和横窖国瑞厂 冯美志

闻名海外，魅力之都。

——塘厦镇莆心湖居委会 罗见新

山水岭南，激情东莞。

第18篇：城市生态学

浅谈城市装修污染及其防治措施

摘要：本文对装修污染的来源、危害进行了详细的分析，进而提出防治措施。 关键词：装修污染防治措施

随着人们生活水平的提高，《室内装饰装修材料有害物质限量》及《民用建筑污染控制规范》等强制性标准的颁布和实施，大家对装修所带来的环境污染的关心明显升温。室内环境又是整个城市生态的重要组成部分。装修可以营造一个舒适、优美、典雅的室内环境，还可以美化人们的生活。但装修不仅对室内环境造成污染同时对整个城市生态环境和人体健康造成有害影响，并在不断地加大，因此，我们有必要认真探讨导致装修污染的根源和我们应对装修污染的措施。

室内环境主要指居室，从广义上讲是人类生存和活动的重要场所，包括办公室、会议室、教室、医院等室内环境和宾馆、饭店、图书馆、候车室等公共场所以及火车、飞机、轮船等交通工具。近年来的国内外研究资料表明,城市居民每天约 80%-90% 的时间在上述各种室内环境中度过,即便在农村，人们在室内停留的时间也不少于50%，老人和儿童等敏感人群在室内度过的时间更长，因而室内环境空气质量对人体健康的影响十分重要。

1、空气污染

在 20 世纪 70 年代，美国环境署(EPA)对选定的有机性挥发物做了调查并发现:因室内污染源导致的有机性挥发化合物(VOCS)对于人员的暴露影响远远高于由于工业污染导致的室外空气污染的影响。室内空气污染还可能引发病态建筑综合症(SBS)、与建筑有关的疾病( BRI) 及多种化学污染物过敏症(MCS)。世界卫生组织(WHO)指出室内空气污染降低的收益不仅包括健康因素，同时也包括非健康因素。

1.1影响室内环境空气质量的主要污染因素

影响室内环境空气质量的主要污染因素一般分为三类，即化学性、物理性、生物性因素。化学污染因素包括燃烧型污染物，如 CO、SO2等，生活型污染物，如生活化学品带来的污染，装修型污染物，主要指建筑材料和装修材料所含或所释放的污染物，如甲醛、苯、氨等；物理污染因素，如放射性污染物 -- 氡、电磁辐射等；生物因素，如尘螨、军团菌、曲霉菌等,容易引起人们的过敏反应。在此重点研究装修污染所涉及的问题。

1.2主要装修污染物介绍及其主要来源

从污染源来说，影响室内空气质量的因素包括以下几个方面：室内装饰材料及家具污染、建筑材料污染、通风空调系统污染、人体自身的新陈代谢及各种生活废弃物、人员生活所需产品污染和室外空气污染等。

（1）有机污染物甲醛主要来自室内建筑使用脲醛树脂、酚醛树脂泡沫塑料隔热材料，家具（使用刨花板、纤维板、胶合板等制作）、墙面和地面使用含甲醛的粘合剂、涂料或油漆等，以及清洗剂和办公用品等。

（2）总挥发性有机物（TVOC）主要来源于各种溶剂，如室内装饰装修材料使用人造板材、泡沫隔热材料、塑料板材、油漆、涂料、粘合剂、壁纸、地毯等，生活和办公用品如化妆品、洗涤剂、消杀剂、复印机、打印机、油墨等。

（3）苯也属于挥发性有机物的芳香烃类，主要来自于胶合板、粘合剂、地板等装饰装修材料。

（4）无机物氨，主要来自建筑主体结构中加入的防冻剂、胶粘剂及室内装饰材料中的添加剂、增白剂等。

（5）氡是一种放射性惰性气体，由镭衰变产生，主要来源于地层土壤和建筑材料中的花岗岩、瓷砖、水泥、石膏以及矿渣滓等，使用地下水、地热水及天然气也是室内氡的来源。

2.噪音污染

噪声水平是城市居住环境的一个重要条件，也是衡量住宅开发是否符合环境要求的准则，更是人们对地产开发商提出的挑战。

2.1噪音的来源

经社会调查,城市住宅区噪声污染的现状总体上可以概括如下：

装修过程中，以木工电锯、金属切割机、石料切割机、冲击电钻、磨石机、木工刨和凿墙、锤击墙体等为主要噪声源凿墙作业的噪声影响。研究装修噪声对各楼层和室外环境的影响。凿墙作业在个楼层产生的震动影响。除了产生高强度的装修噪声，而且也会产生振动。

2.2噪音对人们的危害

超标噪声严重影响了人们正常生活和身心健康，其危害主要表现在如下方面：

(1)引起听觉损伤。长期在噪声环境下生活，会造成永久性听阈位移，超过

一定范围时，将导致不同程度的听力下降,甚至耳聋。

(2)引起其它疾病。噪声会对神经、心脏、消化系统等产生不良影响。对神经系统的影响，主要表现为头晕、头胀、头痛、失眠、神经过敏、惊慌、记忆力减退、注意力不集中等。对心脏系统的影响,主要表现为心跳过速、高血压、冠心病等。对消化系统的影响,主要表现为消化不良,闻声呕吐等。

(3)影响正常生活和休息。在日间，吵闹的噪声干扰谈话，使人心惶惶，烦噪异常，无法正常生活和学习；在夜间，则妨碍休息，影响睡眠。

(4)降低工作效率和引发交通事故。在噪声环境下工作，容易疲劳困倦，引起大脑反应迟钝，错误上升，效率下降，尤其对脑力工作者的影响很明显。当人受到噪声的心理冲击后,思维发生紊乱，注意力难以集中，从而容易引发交通事故。

3.装修垃圾的污染

前几年由于没有引起重视，在生活小区中随意倾倒装修垃圾，不仅影响了生活小区环境卫生，而且还因裸露在外的玻璃、砖块等物，造成多起人员伤害事故，形成了为一户之方便，损百家之权益的后果。目前许多城市已对居民装修垃圾的处置管理做出规定。例如上海市2012年4月1日起实施的《上海市市容环境卫生管理条例》第三十条规定：“居民产生的装修垃圾，应当在物业公司或者居民委员会指定的地点堆放，并承担清运的费用。”对居民装修房屋产生的垃圾，物业管理企业或者居民委员会应当及时委托市容环境卫生作业服务单位，运至市容环境卫生管理部门指定的场所处置。违反规定未将装修垃圾运至指定场所的，由市容环卫监察组织责令改正；当事人的运输工具并要求其到指定地点接受处理，处理后发还运输工具。

3.1装修垃圾的组成

装修垃圾的主要成分是砖块、混凝土块、木块、刨花、灰土、废陶瓷、废五金和废杂物等。各成分的值浮动较大，这主要与房子原状、个人的装修要求有关。旧房屋装修产生的垃圾量一般是新房屋的1.4—3倍，因为新主人往往对原先装潢的材料或格调不满意而将旧的装潢拆除，产生了多余的垃圾，例如一个旧浴缸、旧水斗的拆除就可产生大量的废陶瓷。新房屋垃圾量往往来自对毛坯房结构的微小改动，对地面和墙面及天花板的细致加工，垃圾中木块、刨花、胶合板等成分

的量相对稳定，废五金主要来源于油漆容器和材料包装金属。总之，从单位面积来说，新居室的装修产生的垃圾比旧居室量少。

3.2装修垃圾的毒性

住房装修产生的垃圾是否是安全、无毒呢？并不是。由于着色颜料如红丹、铅铬黄、铅白等的广泛使用，在装修微尘和垃圾中不可避免地含有铅、铬、镉、汞、砷等重金属；废弃物或剩余的装修材料如各类家具碎片、人造板、壁纸、卷材地板、地毯、地毯衬垫、木板、刨花等由于采用了有挥发性的树脂或塑料等材料，或在使用和遗弃过程不可避免会粘上溶剂型木器涂料、内墙涂料、油漆等，因而会挥发甲醛、挥发性有机化合物（TVOC）、苯、甲苯和二甲苯、氨、甲苯二异氰酸树脂（TDI）、氯乙烯单体等。各类涂料容器经常也被一起抛置在装修垃圾袋中，如不回收处置，也会带来更多的危害。

4．装修产生污染的防治措施

（1）开发更加安全环保的装修材料，装修材料的质量是一切室内装修污染的源头，因此，研究和开发安全环保的装修材料是解决牢内装修厉染做有效的措施。

（2）继续加大环保宣传力度，促进全社会共同关注建筑装修材料有毒物质的污染问题。对建筑装修材料有毒物质带来的生态环境污染以及造成的室内空气污染，必须在全社会继续进行广泛的宣传教育，引导人们充分认识其来源、危害及防护措施。

（3）加强执法队伍建设，我国正进入法制社会,迫切需要加强行政司法监察、完善反贪污、反腐败的群众监督网络，各级行政执法机关无论权力大小，都要依法办事，共同维护法律尊严。针对当前形势,应不断地加强行政执法人员的政治思想教育，用邓小平理论武装头脑，使他们成为道德品质好，业务素质高的公务人员，吐故纳新，造就一支廉洁公正、刚直不阿的执法队伍。

（4）加强环境执法监督。土地管理部门在审批住宅地之前，应首先下文通知环境保护部门，由其委托环境科学研究机构进行环境影响评价，并根据所得的科学结论，做出该地可否建设住宅区的审查意见，具有否决权。任何地方政府不能授予土地管理部门单方审批城市住宅建设用地的权利。

第19篇：城市社会工作

第八章弱势群体

一、弱势群体的定义

弱势群体这一概念是朱镕基总理在2002年《政府工作报告》中首次提出的，现在已经成为国际通用的一个词汇。

弱势群体，也叫社会脆弱群体、社会弱者群体，是指依靠自身的力量或能力无法保持个人及其家庭成员最基本的生活水准、需要国家和社会给予支持和帮助的社会群体。

二、弱势群体的类型

1、根据成因的不同，弱势群体可以分为：

生理性弱势群体：是指因为年龄、疾病或身体上的缺陷而沦为弱势群体的人员，主要包括残疾人、老年人和处境困难儿童等；

自然性弱势群体：是由于生态脆弱地区的人们和自然灾害形成的灾民构成的；社会性弱势群体：指因为社会原因，如下岗、事业、移民等而沦为弱势群体的人员。

2、根据出现时间和产生机制不同，弱势群体可以分为：

传统弱势群体：指历史上一直存在并延续到当代的一部分弱势人群，如农民、残疾人、老年人以及妇女、儿童等。

新生弱势群体：指改革开放后随着经济发展和社会分化而被边缘化、弱势化的一部分社会成员，如城市中的下岗失业人员、到城务工的农民工等。

3、根据表现方面不同可以分为：

经济弱势群体：指以经济收入低为主要表现的一部分人；

身心弱势群体：指老年人和处境困难的儿童；

社会地位、文化水平弱势群体：社会地位弱势群体的主要特征是社会地位低下，他们在社会中享受不到应有的权利，文化弱势群体是指以文化水平低为主要特征的一部分人。

4、根据弱势群体能力的不同，可以分为：

上层弱势群体：指城镇中的失业人员和农村中活动能力较强的一部分人； 中层弱势群体：指国有企业下岗人员种体质较好的一部分人；

下层弱势群体：指城镇下岗人员和农村存在即贫困有无工作能力的一部分人。

三、弱势群体的产生

（一）农村贫困人口

农业是经济的第一产业，农民占人口的绝大多数，由于受传统因素的影响，农业经济一直发展缓慢，现在日益发展的征地现象导致了大量失业人群的存在，农民在市区土地后得到的补偿相对较低，不能满足以后的生活，因此这部分人也够成弱势群体的一部分

（二）进城的农民工

他们没有享受到城里劳动者的同等待遇，遭受歧视，劳动权益的不到保护。

（三）是下岗职工，或已到了再就业服务中心、仍然没找到工作的人

这部分人群中，女工、年龄大、知识层次和再就业能力较低，没有稳定的收入来源。

（四）是“体制外“的人

即那些从来没有在国有单位工作过，靠打零工，摆小摊养家户口的人。

（五）是较早退休“体制外“的人员

这部分人主要是从集体企业退休下来的，当初退休时工资水平非常低，许多人原来的单位现在要么破产，要么奄奄一息，没有人为他们交纳医疗等社会保险。

（六）其他城乡贫困人口

这部分人主要包括老年人、妇女、儿童、受灾人群、伤残病人等。

是很重要的一部分人群。

四、我国弱势群体的特征

（一）：贫困化，经济收入低。

这是弱势群体在社会财富与分配中所处的基本状况，也是弱势群体陷入弱势困境的基础原因。

（二）弱势化，政治地位低

这体现弱势群体的社会权利状况。

无权即无势，无势既无地位，弱势群体身份低微，处于社会最底层。在社会生活，政治生活中难以拥有平等的参与权。

（三）脆弱性

表明脆弱群体面对社会变革、环境变化所表现的社会承受能力与预应力的缺乏。

他们“维持着一种极其脆弱的生存，一旦变故，他们立即就沦入极度贫困”，普遍对于家庭变故和灾难缺乏基本的抵御能力。

（四）文化水平低，缺乏改善自身状况的可能

弱势群体经济收入低，直接导致他们丧失受教育的机会，而教育机会的缺乏不仅限制了弱势群体改变自身境况的可能，还会导致“弱势”的代际传承甚至积累。

五、我国弱势群体的现状

（一）、收入低，生活贫困。

中国劳动和和社会保障部的一项调查报告表明，城镇下岗职工家庭人均收入300元以下的占62.2%，300到500元的占25.1%，许多下岗职工收入甚至低于当地居民最低保障线。

国家统计局的数据表明，农民特别是中西部地区许多农民吃饭虽然已不成问题，但人居月收入不足200元，且约有6%以上的农户人均收入不足100元。如此低的收入导致这些社会弱势群体生活十分困难。

（二）社会地位下降，权利难以维护

由于社会弱势群体在民主权利、人格尊严、劳资纠纷调解中往往处于不利境地。

因此下岗失业人员求职时，往往被迫签订不合理内容；工作中劳保福利、人格尊严常常受到侵犯；打工者和民工工作以后不能及时或拿不到佣金现象时有发生；有些农民急着用钱只得低价出售农副产品；遇有经济或民事纠纷，由于相关法律知识匮乏，加之经济困窘，难以维护自己的权力。

（三）心态矛盾复杂，包邮不满情绪

经济的发展和贫富距离的不断加大使社会弱势人群产生了极大困惑，他们在感叹“为什么权利和利益再分配就轮不到我们！”的同时，言语间流漏出对社会的不满。他们担心改革，又期望改革；埋怨政府，又寄希望于政府；要求发展，又恐惧自己得不到发展；希望稳定，但行动又带来不稳定。

尤其是40~50岁的中年人，过去对企业曾作出较大贡献，而今成为再就业困难的下岗职工，有着失落感，被遗弃感和恋旧心，怨气和不满情绪很大，容易被

不良动机的人所影响，甚至走上犯罪的道路。

（四）弱势群体青少年教育问题严重

由于失业和越来越高的教育收费，越是经济困难的家庭，越难以支持子女教育程度的提高，不少孩子中学甚至小学未上完就辍学在家或流落社会，直接影响了下一代劳动者素质的提高。从长远看，这势必造成一种恶果，这部分子女因教育程度偏低，就难以就业，于是成为弱势群体新的组成部分，更为严重的是许多失学青年找不到职业就容易与社会上不三不四的人一起厮混，甚至犯罪，给社会造成极大的不稳定因素。

（五）已引起社会普遍重视，但许多弱势群体仍无人管理

目前，社会弱势群体已引起政府及各界人士的高度关注，社会弱势群体问题已列入我国2002年政府工作报告之中。但是，由于多种原因，弱势群体中的仍有许多人处在无人管理的状态。

这主要是由于

①基层组织弱化，社会群体的精神依附如居委会、工会、基层党委、团委等工作能力弱化；

②精神文化产品未能很好发挥教育人、引导人的作用；

③社会问题的负面影响在弱势群体中没有得到较好引导，导致部分弱势群体将某些社会现象扩大化或片面化。

要确保经济的持续发展和社会的稳定，必须加强对弱势群体思想状况、生活水平的研究调查工作，掌握其思想动态；加强社区和基层组织建设，发挥群团组织和社团的主动性。积极性和创造性，给弱势群体营造一个和谐的家。

六、弱势群体的社会保障制度构建

（1）坚持以人为本的科学发展观，使经济发展的成果惠及弱势群体没有充裕的物质条件，是解决不好弱势群体的问题的，发展永远是硬道理，要继续推进经济的快速和可持续发展。

（2）社会保障制度安排的合理性与有效性需要得到加强

改革开放初期，我们围绕着“一切以经济建设为中心”制定了一系列促进经济快速发展的政策。但当经济发展到一定程度以后，各种深层次的社会问题逐渐显露出来，弱势群体的问题也就日益凸现出来了。针对这一变化，在宏观政策层面上对原来重点强调让一部分人先富裕起来和追求效率优先的原则，适当调整到以全体社会成员共生发展、共同富裕和效率与公平并重的政策上来。

（3）国家的财政支持应到位

毫无疑问，政府承担着保护弱势群体和主导整个社会保障制度的当然责任，这种责任不仅体现在推动社会保障立法、监管社会保障运行等方面，尤其直接、具体地体现在政府承担的财政责任上。应该形成完善的社保基金监管机制，贯彻专款专用的原则，并且在地方上摒弃所谓的“形象工程”、“政绩工程”，将有限的财政收入用到对弱势群体的保护当中。

（4）重点落实个人所承担的责任，让先富起来的居民更多地分担一些社会保障责任

目前需要落实的措施包括：一是规范工资统计范畴，根据实际工资收入征收各项应当征收的社会保险费，杜绝瞒报、漏报收入的现象，让受到救助的群体确实是最需要帮助的群体；二是扩大社会保险覆盖面，让年轻的劳动者分担起中老年职工的部分责任；三是在维护孤老残幼等极端弱势群体的生活权益的同时，按照不营利的原则对相关社会福利收取服务费。

（5）推进和做好农村社会保障制度

对农村社会保障问题的忽略，是改革开放以来中国社会保障制度建设的一大失误。城乡居民收入差距的扩大化和农村居民地位的相对弱势化，既体现了农村对建设社会保障体系的客观要求，也反映了农村居民生活风险的累积与社会风险的累积。因此，我们认为，要真正保护农村居民中的弱势人口并促使绝大多数农村居民免于沦为弱势群体，就有必要积极推进农村社会保障制度建设。

（6）要重视发挥非政府组织的作用

仅靠政府单一的社会支持是远远难以满足弱势群体的需要的。因为就一个国家的政府支持系统而言，其主要是靠制度化的社会保障来进行的，而弱势群体中，相当一部分人是无法纳入到政府有限的社会保障系统的（如农村中的弱势群体）。虽然，各级政府经常在过年过节的时候搞一些“送温暖”活动，扶助那些社会保障体制外的弱势群体，但说到底，这只是政府部门的一种“道德努力”，无法从根本上解决大面积的弱势群体问题。应当把各方面的社会力量都组织协调起来，充分发挥非政府组织的真正作用。这种非政府组织至少包括各种非政府团体、慈善机构、群体组织、社区组织、志愿团体以及热心社会公益事业的家庭和个人。

七、社会工作者的社会行动

1.为弱势群体及其家属提供个案工作服务

2.协助服务对象进行心理调整

3.在社区中建立服务项目

4.社工帮助弱势群体进行专业地指导，进行能力建设

5.寻求多层次的保护途径和方法保护弱势群体

第20篇：城市广告词

全国一些城市旅游宣传广告词

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【北京密云县】：山水大观与首都郊野公园--北京旅游卫星城 【仙游】神仙游玩的地方

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