专业英语词汇

2020-03-01 17:24:12 来源：范文大全收藏下载本文

deformation without fracture.undamped vibration非阻尼第四单元

一个类似的问题也适用于振动 Membrane Strees薄膜应

degree of freedom自由度另一个甚至更难捉摸的材力Shells of Revolution

回转壳体Curve曲线Axis轴线

Proce veels过程容器Cylinder cylindrical 圆柱,圆

柱的Cone conical圆锥 ,

圆锥的

Hemispherical sphere半球形

的,球形Ellipsoidal椭圆形

的Torispherical准球形的

（碟形的）

Bending strees弯曲应力Shear strees剪切应力Internal preure内压

Arising from…由什么引起Be subjected to…承受……..Symmetric对称的

Circumference周向的Meridional stre经向应力Circumferential stre周向

应力

Tangential stre切向应力

Radius of curvature曲率半

径Normal component

法向分量

Diameter直径An angle

α to the axis与轴夹角α

段落： 22页2，3段

第五单元

mechanical vibration机械振

动periodically repeated motion交替重复的运动wear磨损 bear轴承fatigue疲劳precision instrument精密仪

表propeller螺旋桨

threshing machine脱粒机spring弹簧shaft轴

beam梁cantilever beam

悬臂梁

cycle循环frequency频

率amplitude振幅displacement位移elastic

force弹性力

free vibration自由振动natural frequency自然频率forced vibration受迫振动 exciting force激振力damped vibration阻尼振动coordinate坐标

重点段落：图1.20下面的第一

段:\"Mechanical vibrations ...for many purposes.\" 第六单元金属合金 metal alloy 结晶的crystalline晶格crystal-lattice原子atom离子ions 锻造金属wroung metal铸造金属cast metal导

热体conductor of heat 导电体conductor of

electricity塑性的plastic黑色金属ferrous metal铸铁cast iron

有色金属nonferrous metal碳钢carbon steel铜合金copper alloy钛trtanium

熔点melting point第七单元原材料 the virgin/starting material韧性ductility脆性brittlene断裂fracture 硬化hardening导热性 thermal conduction润滑(n,v）lubrication ,lubricate The final strength of any material used in an

engineering component

depends on its mechanical

and physical properties after it has been subjected to one or

more different manufacturing procees.用

于工程构件的任何一种材

料的最终强度取决于这种材料在经历了一种或多种

不同加工过程之后的机械

与物理性质。

A similar argument applies to

a rather more elusive property of any material，

namely，its ductility，which

is usually understood to mean the ability of a material

to accept large amounts of

料性质，即材料的韧性。它通常被理解为指的事材料承受大变形而不发生断裂的能力。第八单元 Manufacturing Engineering Procees制造工艺过程Ma-conserving procees质量守恒过程 Ma-reducing procees质量减少过程Forging锻造Rolling滚压/轧制

Powder compaction粉末轧制Ductile fracture塑性

破坏

Brittle fracture脆性

破坏 Melting融化Evaporation

蒸发Diolution溶解Combustion燃烧Turning车削 Milling铣削Drilling钻Electric discharge放电加工Cutting切削

Friction welding摩擦焊Working temperature工作温

度lower die下模

Upper die上模

Forging machines锻压机

Drop hammers锻锤Hydraulic drives液压驱动

Hot rolling热轧 Hot forging热锻Ceramic

陶瓷Hot-treated热处理Production rates生产率 Sintering engineering烧结法Ingot毛坯第九单元 strip steel 带钢tool steel 工具钢magnifying gla放大镜microscope 显微镜 polish抛光grind研磨etch蚀刻photomicrograph 显微照相metallograph

金相照片space lattices 晶格

magnify放大allotropy同素异构的allotropic

change 同素异构转变油厂来说如果任何一项腐addlesupport安全系graphite 石墨第十单蚀控制措施出现问题的话，数factorsofsafety 元都存在发生火灾的危险。许应压力theallowable化工厂 chemical plantPetroleum refineries have strees人孔/手孔

腐蚀（n）corrode，（Adj）

corrosion，（V）corrodent

溶质 solute溶剂solvent

溶液solution化学蚀刻chemical milling消声器muffler 冷凝管condenser tube冷凝器，聚光镜condenser人力资源 human resources 阳极处理 / 阴极保护anodizing of aluminum / cathodic protection 污水，下水道系统 sewage停工,停止运转,关闭shutdown1.即使是在一个材料选择总是正确的，设备设计没有任何缺陷并且操作也没有任何错误的理想世界中，腐蚀仍将发生，只不过是以可以接受的腐蚀速率发生罢了。In a perfect world the right material would always be selected, equipment designs would have no flaws , no mistakes would be made in operation, and corrosion would still occur — but at

an acceptable rate .

2.腐蚀防护的成本也包

括例如阴极保护的投资成

本，其电力消耗和维修成

本，化学缓蚀剂的成本以及

抗腐蚀材料的附加成本等。

Also included is the cost

of corrosion protection such as the capital costs of cathodic protection , its power and maintenance, the

costs of chemical inhibitors ,

and the extra costs of corrosion —resistant materials .3.炼油厂在腐蚀控制方面具有良好声誉，这部分地是由于其产品的价值给了炼油厂以资金来进行腐蚀控制，部分的也是由于对炼the best reputation for corrosion control ,partly because the value of their product gives them the

money to do it correctly and

partly because the danger of

fire is always present if

anything goes wrong .第十三单元传热原理Principles of heat transfer热传导 Heat conductionorthermal conduction热对流 heat convection orthermal convection 辐射thermal radiation 温度梯度temperature gradient宏观的macroscopic晗enthalpy 通量flux 摩擦力orced of friction湍流turbulent flow层流caminar flow浮力buoyancy forces 强制对流forced convection 自然对流natural convection 电磁波electromagnetic

waves

单原子的monatomic双原子的diatomic热通量heat flux未隔热的unlagged 截面cro section绝热的adiabatically流束fluid stream

第十六单元

压力容器preureveure 过程设备proce equipment小碎片fraction 整体的，单层的monoblock 圆柱壳体cylindricalshell 半球形封头hemispherical heads

椭球形封头elliptical heads锥形封头conical heads法兰flange接

管nozzle

裙座skirtsupport鞍座

manway/handhold第十七单元腐蚀抗力 corrosion resistance总体的完整性 the overall integrity射线探伤 radiography 应力去除 stre relieving分析设计 design-by-analysis许用应力 allowable stre 腐蚀和冲刷余量 the corrosion and erosion amounts毒性 lethal持续的 sustained瞬时的 transient钢号 designation安全系数 factors of safety失效模式 mode of failure蠕变 creep破裂rupture屈服点 yield point极限抗拉强度 the ultimate tensile strength The factors of safety are directly related to the theories and modes of failure, the specific design criteria of

each code, and the extend to

which various levels of

actual strees are determined and evaluated.安全系数与失效理论和失效模式、各种规范下的特殊设计标准以及确定和评估各种水平实际应力的程度直接联系在一起。第十九单元 Heat exchangers 换热器shell-and-tube exchangers管壳式换热器Proprietary 专利的plate-and-frame exchangers

板框式换热器Fouling

factors 污垢指数compact（plate-in）exchangers 紧凑式（板翅式）换热器friction factors摩擦系数 Proce designed 工艺设计

valve viscous fluid粘性流体Gas

滑阀turbine 蒸汽透平slidevalve活塞阀 piston valve旋塞阀 operatingpreures 操作

压力Cro flow 错流cock valve螺杆阀

screw-down valveoperating temperature 操作

楔形阀 wedge-gate valve温度

heat recovery 热量的回收平行闸板阀 parallel slide Food proceing 食品工艺valve安全阀 safety

固有频率nature frequency

规范，标准code 滚压rolling H环境:adj.environmental；n.environment焓：enthalpy

motor vehicle 机动车

pharmaceutical proceing制

药工艺Preure drop压力

降heat transfer coefficients传热系数spiral heat exchangers 螺旋式换热器finned tube 翅片管proce outlet 工艺出口log mean temperature对数平均温度air coolers空冷机Packing glands 填料压盖double-pipe exchangers套管式换热器 extended surface扩展表面 annulus环隙concerns企业dewax脱蜡scraper 刮刀countercurrent 逆流tube side 管层shell side 壳层第二十一课泵：pumps气蚀：cativation真空：vacuum叶轮叶片：propeller blade 压缩机：compreors流体力学：fluid dynamics单极：single-stage 双极：multistage单作用：single acting双作用：double acting 容积泵： positive_displacement

离心泵：centrifugal pump

抽扬泵： lift pump螺旋

泵：screw pump喷射

泵：jet pumps

往复泵：reciprocating

pumps止回泵（单项

泵）：check valve

第二十四课

阀门 valve截止阀

check valve回转阀

rotory valve提升阀 lift

valve倒塌 collapse铸铁 cast

A 安装,装置 installation B 薄膜应力membrane strees C 材料力学strength of materials 脆性的brittle 脆性，脆度 brittlne 车削turning 传导，导热：conduction 错流 crocurrent 传导率，导热系数：conductivity 层流：laminar flow对称的，均匀的，平均的symmetric代入substitution 单自由度single degree of freedom D电磁的：electromagnetic电磁波：electromagnetic waves 锻造，锻件forging F 浮力，浮性；浮性的：buoyancy 浮力：buoyancy forces辐射：radiation

腐蚀：n.corrosion；

v.corrode；

腐蚀剂：corrodent

腐烂，枯朽：rot

粉末压制powder

compaction

附加应力exceive

strees

法兰flange

G 估计：estimate

回转壳体shells of revolution

J搅拌器，搅拌装置：agitator

绝热地：adiabatically结晶，晶体crystal结晶的，透明的crystalline

静电的electrostatic精致的，可锻的wrought技术要求,说明书 specification

机理，机械作用，机构，机构学：mechanism

近似：n.approximate； adj.approximate；adv.approximately径向应力the meridional stre

机械振动mechanical vibrations

浇铸，铸件cast铸铁cast iron

K可锻铸铁wrought iron粒状的，颗粒的granular

颗粒grain

L流变学rheology

冷凝器，聚光镜：condenser

流变学的rheologic M密封垫片,衬垫 gasket磨料，研磨，磨损的abrasive

磨损，损耗，耐磨（性）wear

N逆流 countercurrent P判据,准则 criterion破裂，断裂 fracture

Q 气蚀 cavitation 屈服应力

权限,管辖权

jurisdiction

强制对流：forced convection

曲率半径radius of curvature

强迫振动forced vibration 裙座skirt

R 人力资源：human resources

韧性，延展性ductility 韧性的 ductile 蠕变应力热处理internal structure

热对流，迁移：convection

热传导：thermal conduction

热对流：thermal convection 容器，槽，罐，船只veel 人孔manway

S瞬态的,过度的 transient

手孔handhole

T 填料盖,密封套 gland 同素异构，同素异晶allotropy

同素异构体allotrope 挑战：challenge 湍对流：turbulent flow 通量：flux 梯度，斜面：gradient 椭圆封头elliptical heads W 位移displacement无阻尼振动undamped vibration完整性 integrity无经验的：inexperienced污染：v.contaminate；n.contamination X 系数coefficient效率：efficiency漩涡；涡流的，涡动的：eddy相互作用，相互影响interplay消音器：muffler悬臂梁cantilever bean铣削milling Y 研磨，抛光grind研磨，抛光，精加工

polish显微照相photomicrograph

圆柱（体形）的,（圆）筒形的cylindrical圆柱壳体cylindrical shell 弯曲，曲率curvature约束，束缚，强制constrain 压力容器preure veels Z 铸造 casting 钻孔drilling 自然对流：natural convection

组合,装配 aembly 制药的,药物的 pharmaceutical 周期period 振幅amplitude 周向应力the circumferential stre 振荡的，摆动的oscillatory 粘性的，粘滞的viscous 整体的，单层的monblock