一般过去时

2020-03-02 07:18:25 来源：范文大全收藏下载本文

小学牛津英语一般过去时的用法

一、概念

表示在的过去某个时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。通常在句子里找到表示过去时间的词或词组。如：yesterday，yesterday morning，yesterday afternoon，yesterday evening，the day before yesterday（前天），last night，last week，last month， last year，a moment ago（刚才），just now（刚才）， two days ago，a week ago，in 1990等。如： I went to bed at eleven last night.昨晚我11：00睡觉。

二、句子结构

1．在表示某个时间里存在的状态的句子，系动词用过式was，were构成。如：（1）I was at home yesterday.昨天我在家。

（2）We were in the gym just now.刚才我们在体育馆。 2．在表示过去某个时间里发生的动作，用动词的过去式构成。如：I visited my uncle yesterday.昨天我拜访了我的叔叔。 3．各种句式

（1）一般过去时的肯定陈述句：

主语

＋

动词过去式＋宾语或表语。

worked

in Shanghai

ten years ago.（2）一般过去时的否定句：

a．主语＋ didn’t ＋动词原形

＋

宾语。

(did + not = didn\'t)

didn\'t

morning exercises

yesterday.b．主语＋ wasn’t/weren’t ＋表语。(was + not = wasn\'t were + not = weren\'t)

wasn\'t

an English teacher

ten years ago.

（3）一般过去时的一般疑问句：

a．Did ＋主语＋动词原形

＋

宾语？

Did

you

study

English

in 1990 ? b．Was/Were + 主语＋表语？

Was

a pupil

five years ago ? （4）一般过去时的特殊疑问句：

a．特殊疑问词

＋

did + 主语

＋

动词原形

＋宾语？

What

did

you

last Sunday？ b．特殊疑问词＋ were/was ＋表语？

Who

was

at the zoo

yesterday?

四、动词过去式的构成规律 (一)规则动词的过去式

1．一般情况下，在动词原形后面加-ed；

look→looked play→played start→started visit→visited 2．以不发音e结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-d； live→lived use→used 3．以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词，先将 y 改为i ,再加 –ed； study→studied, try→tried

fly→flied 4．以重读闭音节（即辅音＋元音＋辅音）或r音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要先双写这个辅音字母后，再加 –ed。 stop→stopped

plan→planned, prefer→preferred

(二)不规则动词的过去式 1．改变动词中的元音；

begin→began drink→drank

come→came

eat→ate grow→grew

run→ran know→knew

win→won speak→spoke take→took

write→wrote get→got

2．变词尾的–d 为–t ；

build→built lend→lent send→sent

spend→spent bend→bent 3．与动词原形一样；

cut→cut put→put

cost→cost

hurt→hurt

shut→shut 4．变-ay 为-aid (少数动词)； say→said pay→paid lay→laid 5．采用不同词根；

sell→sold teach→taught buy→bought 6．其他。

am/is→was are→were have/has→had do→did

五、加“-ed”后的读音方法

1.ed加在清辅音后面读/t/。finished /-t/

help /-t/

asked /-t/ 2.ed加在浊辅音或元音结尾的，读/d/。played /-d/ lived /-d/

enjoyed /-d/ 3.ed加在/t/或/d/后面，读/id/。wanted /-tid/ needed /-did/ visited /-tid/

六、句式变化

（一）一般过去时的一般疑问句

1．把was, were放在句首，其余位置不变。由Was…？引导的一般疑问句，肯定答为：Yes，… was.否定回答为：No，….wasn’t.由Were…？引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答为：Yes，… were.否定回答为：No，… weren’t.

如：（1）I was born in Shanghai. →Were you born in Shanghai? →Yes, I was.(肯定回答) →No, I wasn’t.(否定回答) （2）They were in Li Yan’s home last night.→Were they in Li Yan’s home last night? →Yes, they were.(肯定回答) →No, they weren’t.(否定回答) 2．在行为动词的句子中，要用助动词词did来引导，其余的语序不变。要注意的是，要把行为动词的过去式改为原形。肯定回答为：Yes, …did.否定回答：No, …didn’t.如：John played computer games last night.→Did John play computer games last night? →Yes, he did.(肯定回答) →No, he didn’t.(否定回答)

（二）一般过去时的否定句

1．在表示过去存在的状态的句子中，相接在was, were的后面加上not。如：（1）He was in the park the day before yesterday.→He was not in the park the day before yesterday.(2)We were busy last week.→We were not busy last week.2．在表示过去的时间发生的动作的句子中，要在行为动词的前面加助动词didn’t.然后把过去式的行为动词改为动词原形。即：didn’t + 动词原形。如：（1）She played the violin last night.→She didn’t play the violin last night.(2)They swam in the lake yesterday.→They didn’t swim in the lake yesterday.(三)、一般过去式的特殊疑问句

1.What did … ?（主要是询问过去发生了什么事情，注意要把过去式改为动词原形。） We ate Chinese food last night.

→What did we eat last night?

2.Where did ?( 主要是询问过去事情发生的地方。) They sang and dance in the music room yesterday morning.→Where did they sing and dance yesterday morning? 3.Who + 动词过去式 … ?( 主要是询问过去事情发生的人物。) Mike and Tom climbed mountains last weekend. →Who climbed mountains last weekend?

过去时练习

用be动词的适当形式填空 1．I _______ at school just now.2．He ________ at the camp last week.3．We ________ students two years ago.4．They ________ on the farm a moment ago.5．Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year.6．There ________ an apple on the plate yesterday.7．There ________ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.8．The mobile phone _______ on the sofa yesterday evening.9．She _______ happy yesterday.10．They _______ glad to see each other last month.11．Today _____ the second of June.Yesterday ______ the first of June.It _____ Children’s Day.All the students ______ very excited.

句型转换 1.It was exciting. 否定句：________________________________________________ 一般疑问句：____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________ 2.All the students were very excited. 否定句：________________________________________________ 一般疑问句：____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________ 3.They were in his pocket. 否定句：________________________________________________ 一般疑问句：____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________

一、用be动词的适当形式填空 1.I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.2.Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night.3.We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park.(go) 4.______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival? 5.______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______.6.Gao Shan _______ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.7.I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother ______.8.What ______ she _______ (find) in the garden last morning? She __________ (find) a beautiful butterfly.

二、句型转换

1.They played football in the playground. 否定句：________________________________________________ 一般疑问句：____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________

三、中译英

1.格林先生去年住在中国。

________________________________________________________ 2.昨天我们参观了农场。

________________________________________________________ 3.他刚才在找他的手机。

________________________________________________________