3 英汉比较

2020-03-02 05:57:21 来源：范文大全收藏下载本文

第二部分英汉比较

练习一英译汉

1.Wrongs must be righted when they are discovered.

发现了错误，一定要改正。

2.An idea suddenly struck me.

我突然想到了一个主意。

3.Language is shaped by, and shapes, human thought.

人的思想形成了语言，而语言又影响了人的思想。

4.Last night I was covered up with two quilts.

昨晚我盖了两条被子。

5.Insulin is used in the treatment of diabetes.

胰岛素用于治疗糖尿病。

6.He is a good eater and a good sleeper.

他能吃能睡。

7.He thought his way out of the dilemma.

他想办法摆脱了困境。(连动式)

8.We asked her to sing.

我们请她唱歌。(兼语式)

9.His familiarity with many rarely used languages surprised us all.

他通晓多种不常使用的外国语，这使我们大家感到很惊讶。

10.I couldn’t agree with you more.

我太赞成你的看法了。

11.Translation from English into Chinese is not so easy as that from English into French.英译汉不如英译法容易。

练习

1.He would be a rash man if he should venture to forecast the results of this event.

如果有人敢预言此事的结果，那他一定是个鲁莽之徒。

2.The aertion that it was difficult, if not impoible, for a people to enjoy its basic rights unle it was able to determine freely its political status and to ensure freely its economic, social and cultural developmentwas now is scarcely contested.

如果一个民族不能自由地决定其政治地位,不能自由地保证其经济、社会和文化的发展,要享受基本权利,即使不是不可能,也是不容易的。这一论断,几乎是无可置辩的了。

3.Never get on or off the bus before it comes to a standstill.

车未停稳，请勿上下

4.I wouldn’t come to you if I hadn’t something to ask of you.

无事不登三宝殿

5.When wine is in, wit is out.

（当）酒醉智（就）昏

6.Once a certain limit is reached, a change in the opposite direction is inevitable.

（一旦）物极（势）必反

7.Befriend those far away while attacking those nearby.

远交（而）近攻

8.When he had to speak, his confidence suddenly deserted him.

当不得不说话时，他突然失去了信心。

9.His name escaped me for the moment.

我一时记不起他的名字。

10.Every minute or two has brought new arrivals.

每隔一两分钟都有人来。

11.The execution of the prisoner preceded the president\'s arrival.

总统尚未到达, 囚犯已被处死

12.His acceptance of bribes led to his arrest.

他因受贿而被捕。

13.The remembrance of these will add zest to his life.

他想起这些,便会增加生活的热情。

1.英语: 重形合(hypotaxis)，汉语: 重意合(parataxis)

(1) It’s late, I must leave.

(2) 跑得了和尚，跑不了庙。

2.英语：前重心；汉语:后重心

(1) 生活中既有悲剧，文学作品就可以写悲剧。

Tragedies can be written in literature since there is tragedy in life.

(2) 揭穿这种老八股、老教条的丑态给人民看，号召人民起来反对老八股、老教条，这就是五四运动时期的一个极大的功绩。

A tremendous achievement of the May 4th Movement was its public exposure of the ugline of old stereotype and the old dogma and its call to the people to rise against them.3.英语：静态(static)语言；汉语：动态(dynamic)语言

(1) 我疯狂地爱上了她，她也疯狂地爱上了我。

I fell madly in love with her, and she with me.

(2) 他游泳游得不错。

He is a good swimmer.

(3) He is a good listener.

He is a good reader.

He is a good learner.

He is not much of a pianist/singer.

Our profeor is something of an ec`centric.

我们教授的性情多少有点儿古怪。

(4) That would be the confirmation that it was in general use.

这将证实其使用是非常普遍的。

(5) 一看见他，我就感到紧张。

The very sight of him makes me nervous.

(6) 对此我深信不疑。

I’m sure of it.

4.英语：重物称(impersonal)；汉语：重人称(personal)

(1) A wave of cigar smoke accompanied Ogilvie in.

奥格尔维进门时带进一缕雪茄烟雾。

(2) Bitterne fed on the man who had made the world laugh.

这个让全世界的人发出笑声的人自己却饱尝辛酸。

(3) “Hi！Hi!” said the cab driver, whose door popped open at the very sight of a traveler.“嗨！嗨！”出租车司机嚷道，他一瞅见旅客就“砰”地打开车门。

5.英语：多被动(paive)；汉语：多主动(active)

(1) The importance of oceanography as a key to the understanding of our planet is seldom as well appreciated.

海洋学是人们认识星球的关键，而其重要性却不是人人都知晓的。

(2) It has been known for a long time that there is a first relationship between the heart and the liver.

人们早已知晓，心与肝的关系至为密切。

(3) An illustration is furnished by an editorial in the Washington Post.

《华盛顿邮报》的一篇社论提供了一个例证。

6.英语：多复合长句；汉语：多简单短句

As we lived near the road, we often had the traveler or stranger visit us to taste our gooseberry wine, for which we had great reputation, and I confe, with the veracity of an historian, that I never knew one of them to find fault with it.

我们就住在路边。过路人或外乡人常到我们家，尝尝我们家酿的酸果酒。这种酒很有名气。我敢说，尝过的人，从没有挑剔过。我这话像历史学家的话一样靠得住。

7.英语：重后饰(back modifier)；汉语：重前饰(preceding modifier)

(1) The diagnosis seems in every case to correspond exactly with all the sensations that I have ever felt.

每次看病的诊断似乎都和我的感觉不谋而合。

(2) It’s a good plan to imagine an argument with a person having a different bias.

借助于想象与持不同偏见的人进行辩论，是一个很好的办法。

(3) It may be…a low-lying arid stretch with miles of white sandy beach, and no sign of people, very bleaches and barren.

那可能是……地势低洼、连绵数英里、人迹罕至、荒茫贫瘠的白色干沙漠。

8.英语：重短语；汉语：轻短语

(1) I have never met a person so difficult to understand as my husband.

我还从未遇到过像我丈夫这么难以理解的人。

(2) The author’s new book on phonetics recently published is more than worth reading.作者最近出版的语音著述太值得一读了。

(3) You must stand up for your friend.

你得支持你的朋友。

(4) To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.

对敌人仁慈就是对人民残忍。

(5) Mary is considering changing her job.

玛丽正在考虑调换工作。

9.英语：重时体；汉语：轻时体

(1) He is always thinking of how he could do more for the people.

他总是考虑如何为人民做更多的事。

(2) In the large entrance-hall visitors are constantly coming and going.

大厅里访客不断，你来我往，川流不息。

(3) They were building a dam last winter.

They built a dam last year.

(4) I heard a knock at the door.

I am hearing (=attending) lectures at the college.

(5) I forget his name.

I am forgetting (=beginning to forget) how to speak French.

(6) It has often been noted that those who live, or have lived, in the shadow of death bring a mellow sweetne to everything they do.

---Helen Keller

人们已经注意到大凡受到死亡威胁的人或是死里逃生的人对于他们所干的任何事总是兴趣盎然。

(7) The radio squeaks midnight.The cafes must be closing, the last guests going home.Lovers stand before house doors unable to take leave of each other.

……此时咖啡馆也许正在打烊，最后一批顾客也许正在出店回家，出了店门的情侣们正难舍难分。

(8) I must confe that I did not expect a speech about oysters.I thought that Hiroshima still felt the impact of the atomic cataclysm.

不瞒您说，我并没有想到会在这里听到讲牡蛎。我曾/本以为广岛仍笼罩在那场原子灾难的阴影之中。

10.英语：重形态；汉语：轻形态 (2) More recently he introduced himself into the debate on welfare reform by insisting thatmotherhood, not joblene, was the problem.

(3) “Well, meanwhile was the greatest comfort to her, and she gave her a couple of gowns… and showed her friendship by abusing all her intimate acquaintances to her new confidante… and meditated vaguely some great future benefit –to settle her in some advantageous way, … or at any rate, to send her back… when she had done with her.”

(4) 宝玉举目见北静王世荣……真好秀丽人物。宝玉忙抢上前来参见，世荣从轿内伸手搀住。见宝玉……面若春花，眼如点漆。北静王笑道：“名不虚传，果然如‘宝’似‘玉’。”问：“衔的那宝玉嵌在哪里？”宝玉见问，连忙……取出，递于北静王细细看了，又念了那上头的字，因问：“果灵验否？”贾政忙道：“未曾试过。”北静王……亲自与宝玉带上，又携手问宝玉几岁，宝玉一一应答。北静王见他语言清朗……又向宝玉笑道…… way to school on dark winter mornings.

牛顿发明了一种用蜡烛采光的纸灯。这样，在漆黑的冬日的早上，在上学的路上他可以拿着这盏灯照明。健康比财富更重要，因为财富不能像健康那样带来幸福。