教师考试英语写作

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写作部分要点解读

一、【学习目标】按照《普通教师定岗英语课程标准（实验）》中的要求制定该部分的学习目标为：培养学生书面表达能力。

能用文字及图表提供的信息进行简单描述；能写出通知、信件等常见体裁的应用文；能描述人物或事件，并进行简单的评论；能根据材料填写简单的表格。

二、【要点解读】情景作文题考查学生初步的书面表达能力。意在要求平时指导学生写作时, 写作题立意要尽量与语言实际使用情形一致，写作提示要尽可能具有开放性，体现“用英语做事”，引导学生表达真情实感，再现生活经历，描述周围的人和物，表达意见、观点，特别是要表达真实意义或个人经验。整体内容要简洁、明了；建议要合情合理，条理清晰，重点突出；可以用连接词保持文章的连贯性。本题是开放性主观题。解这类题的方法一般是认真阅读写作提示，掌握其要求，然后根据要求写出文章。本题能力层级为综合运用，难度预估值为0.75。

三、【学法指导】

（一）了解教师定岗必修模块各种常见体裁应用文的格式

1.Notice通知(Book 1,P.16-P.17)

英语的通知分为两类，即口头通知和书面通知。

口头通知一般不用写题目，也不必写出通知的时间。发布口头通知首先要说明被通知的对象，在正文前面有称呼语且顶左格写，如：“Ladies and gentlemen”，“Boys and girls ”等。为了引起听者的注意，需另起行不顶格写一些引人注意的话，如“Be quiet, please!”，“ May I have your attention?”，“ Attention, please!”等。口头通知还要有结束语，如用That’s all表示通知到此为止。通知的结尾还可以用Thank you以表示礼貌。书面通知一般用Notice作为标题，通常写在正文上方的正中间位置。正文是通知的主体部分，包括通知的对象、事由、时间、地点等，多用书面语、祈使句和将来时态，既要简明扼要，又要准确无误。常见格式：

Notice

正文

发通知的单位

日期

2.Letter书信(Book 1,P.38-P.39; Book 5,P.17;P.56-P.57;P.97)

英文书信分为私人书信（Personal letters）和业务书信(Busine letters)。

书信一般包括五个部分：信头(Heading)、称呼(Salutation)、正文(Body of the letter)、结束语(Complimentary close)、签名(Signature)。常见格式：

写信人地址

写信日期

收信人地址

称呼

正文

结尾语

谦称

签名

写信人地址和收信人地址的书写顺序与汉语相反，即由小到大。私人信件一般不写收信人地址。

3.E-mail(Book 2,P.36-P.37)

首先,必须要在标题（Heading）栏的“收件人(To)”框中输入收信人的E-mail 地址。“主题(Subject)”框的内容应简明地概括信的内容，短的可以是一个单词,如greetings；长的可以是一个名词性短语，也可以是完整句，但长度一般不超过35个字母。“主题”框的内容切忌含糊不清。

E-mail一般使用非正式的书信文体,因此正文前的称呼通常无须使用诸如“Dear Mr.John”之类的表

达。在同辈的亲朋好友或同事间可以直呼其名,但对长辈或上级最好使用头衔加上姓。如：Tommy或者Mr.Smith。

E-mail文体的另外一个特点是简单明了，便于阅读，太长的内容可以以附件的方式发出。一个段落大多仅由一到三个句子组成。信尾客套话通常也很简明。常常只须一个词，如：“Thanks”，“Best”，“Cheers”，不需要用一般信函中的“Sincerely yours”或“Best regards”。

4.Diary日记(Book 2,P.101)

日记就是记所做过的有趣的或有意义的事，动词多用过去时。常见格式：

星期月，日天气（如：Sunny）

正文

天气的写法有：fine/sunny/clear, rainy, windy, snowy, cloudy等。

5.Speech发言稿(Book 3,P.36-P.37)

发言稿一般由称呼语、正文和结束语三部分组成，开头和结尾有固定格式，写正文时观点要鲜明，条理要清楚，语言要简洁明快。常见格式：

Good morning, everyone!

The topic of my speech today is ....

正文

Thank you for your listening.

6.Poster海报(Book 5,P.37)

海报主要涉及比赛、影讯和演出，正中先写Poster，然后把内容作为大字标题，如：“Football Match”，“ Film News”等。正文部分要写清具体内容、活动时间、地点，以及参加的规定、主持或举办单位等，时常配以绘画。出海报的单位署名在右下角，日期位于署名的下一行，靠左下角。海报示例：

Poster

Friendly Basketball Match

A basketball match will be held between Cla 491 and Cla 495 of Senior Grade 2 at 5:00 p.m.on Wednesday, November,18th on the school playground.All are warmly welcome.

The School Student Union

Monday, November,16th

（二）教师定岗必修模块各种常见体裁应用文一些常见的句式

1.书面通知的结束语常常有：Please attend it on time.Don’t be late.Everyone is welcome to take part in it.

2.英文书信和e-mail的开头语有：Thank you so much for your letter/ gift/e-mail.Glad to receive your letter/e-mail of May,15th.Sorry to have written back to you so late because….I’m writing to ask about….I’m writing to tell you something about….

英文书信的结束语写在正文的下方，另起一行。常见的结束语有：Best wishes/regards! Good luck to you! Wish you succe/good luck! Give my best wishes/regards to…! Looking forward to your early reply! Do write to me when you have time!

谦称的第一个字母要大写，最后要加逗号。常用的谦称有：Yours; Yours truly; Yours ever; Yours lovingly; Yours faithfully; Yours respectfully; Yours sincerely.

3.发言稿开头的常用语：I’m very glad to introduce myself to you.Good morning/afternoon/evening, everyone/ladies and gentlemen.The topic of my speech today is….

结尾的常用语：That’s all.Thank you.Thank you for your listening.

4.海报的常用语：Come and cheer for them.All are warmly welcome.Tickets, 10 yuan for each.Admiion free.

（三）中学生写作中常见的错误

有相当一部分中学生在写作时因审题不严会导致人称错误、要点遗漏、格式错误，还会在拼写和语法方面犯错误。

1.拼写错误。如：come true(√), come ture(ⅹ);believe(√), belive(ⅹ);first(√), frist(ⅹ)。

2.时态错误。如：We haven’t seen each other since you go to the USA.（应为went）。

3.语态错误。如：We watched the train till it was disappeared.（应去掉was）。

4.用词错误。I hope you have a good time everyday.(应为every day)

5.非谓语动词错误。Play computer games will waste your time.（应为Playing）。

6.语句结构混乱。There are 80% of the clamates agreed with me.（应去掉There are）。

（四）巧用连接词

要想使文章有整体性、连贯性，就要学会正确使用连接词表示罗列、增加。英语作文常用连接词如下：

First, second, third；

First, then, next, after that, next, finally；

For one thing „ for another„；

On (the) one hand„on the other hand；

Besides, What’s more, In addition, Furthermore, Moreover, Another, also;

Especially, In particular.

表示时间顺序

now, at present, recently, after, afterwards, after that, after a while, in a few days, at first, in the beginning, to begin with, later, next, finally, immediately, soon, suddenly, all of a sudden, at that moment, as soon as, the moment, form now on, from then on, at the same time, meanwhile, till, not„until, before, after, when, while, as during.

表示解释说明

now, in addition, for example, for instance, in this case, moreover, furthermore, in fact, actually.,

表示转折关系

but, however, while, though, or, otherwise, on the contrary, on the other hand, in contrast, despite, in spite of, even though, except (for), instead, of course, after all.

表示并列关系

or, and, also, too, not only „ but also, as well as, both„ and, either „or, neither„nor.

表示因果关系

because, because of, since, now that, as, thanks to„, due to„, therefore, as a result (of), otherwise, so„that, such„that.

表示条件关系

as (so) long as, on condition that, if, unle.

表示让步关系

though, although, as, even if, even though, whether „or„, however, whoever, whatever, whichever, wherever, whenever, no matter how (who, what, which, where, when, whom).

表示举例

for example, for instance, such as„, take„ for example.

表示比较

be similar to, similarly, the same as, in contrast, compared with (to)„, just like, just as.

表示目的

for this reason, for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to.

表示强调

in deed, in fact, surely, certainly, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, obviously, above all.

表示概括归纳

in a word, in short, in brief, on the whole, generally speaking, in my opinion, as far as I know, as we all know, as has been stated, as I have shown, finally, at last, in summary, in conclusion.

（五）掌握写作技巧

1.注意篇章结构，合理布局

开始部分（opening paragraph）——说出文中的要点、核心问题。

正文部分（Body paragraphs）——围绕主题开展叙述、讨论。

结尾部分（concluding paragraphs）——对全文的总结和概括。

要做到全文中心突出、段落之间必须是有机地联系，内容完整、连贯。前后呼应，祛除与主题无关的内容。

2.确定主题句

主题句是对全文的概括，是文章的主旨。它能在文章中起到“画龙点睛”的作用。通常主题句出现在一篇文章的开头，而后，全文对主题句所提出的内容进行解释，扩展。

写主题句应注意以下几点：

1)归纳出你要写的文章的几个要点；

2)提炼出一句具有概括性的话；

3)主题句应具有可读性，抓住、吸引读者。

（六）使用较丰富的句式

长短句、从句和简单句等的交替使用能够使文章更加形象、生动。

（七）检查、修改以及规范书写等

四、【习题训练】

1.Notice练习

假如你是班长，请你用英语通知你班同学本周星期六晚上7：30在本班教室举行一次英语晚会，节目有唱歌、朗诵、讲故事、话剧等，要求本班同学都参加，欢迎外班同学光临，请同学们做好准备。词数80左右。

2.Letter练习

假如你是李平，你的好友王华最近病倒了，请你给他写封信安慰他，并给他提一些建议。词数100左右。

3.E-mail练习

你的英国朋友Tom给你发来e-mail，告知你他将来青岛度假，请你用英语给他发e-mail回信。词数100左右。

4.Diary练习

用日记的形式表达你在10月28日（星期二）那天发生的情况：你早饭后准备上学，发现一建筑物着火，立刻报火警，结果上课迟到了。词数100左右。

5.Speech练习

你们班上举行一次讨论会，讨论如何交友，请你以“How to make friends”为题写一篇英文演讲稿，词数100左右。

参考答案

写作部分

1.Notice练习答案

Notice

Attention, please.I have some good news to tell you.We’re going to have an English party in our claroom at 7:30 this Saturday evening.The program includes songs, recitations, storytelling and short plays.Everyone in our cla must take part in it and students from other claes are also welcome.Everyone who takes part in the party should perform once.

That’s all.Thank you.

2.Letter练习答案

Dear Wang Hua,

I’m sorry to hear that you have been ill for several days.How are you feeling now?

I know that you are devoting all your energy to study.But I just want to say exercise is as important as study.Doing exercise will not waste your time.Instead, it can refresh your mind.After one or two hours’ exercise, you can study more effectively.Only when you have a strong body can you keep on studying without feeling bad.Otherwise your study will be affected by your health.

I hope you can take at least one hour’s exercise every day after you recover from your illne.I hope you will be well soon.

Yours truly

Ling Ping

3.E-mail练习答案

Tom,

I have read your e-mail.I am very glad to know that you will come to Qingdao.

I am going to have a one-month holiday after the exam.We can spend our holidays together.We can go swimming, go fishing, climb the hills and enjoy many kinds of delicious seafood.We can also visit our beautiful city and I hope you will love her.

At the same time we may learn languages from each other.By the way, please tell me your flight number and the arriving time.I will meet you at the airport.

Good luck!

4.Diary练习答案

TuesdayOctober 28thSunny

This morning I went to school in a hurry after breakfast.On the way to our school, I saw a building was on fire.Immediately I phoned the fire police station.I knew the number is 119.The firemen came here very soon.Several minutes later, the fire was put out.When I arrived at school, cla had already begun.After I told my teacher and clamates what had happened on my way to school, my teacher praised me.I said, “The heroic deeds of the firemen are more worthy of praising.”

5.Speech练习答案

Boys and girls,

My speech is about how to make friends.

Everyone needs friends.But how to make true friends is very important to everyone.

Firstly, to make friends, you must be friendly to others.You should do your best to make a stranger feel at home, no matter where he is.And you don’t judge a stranger only by his appearance.You should think more of others than of yourselves.

Secondly, if you don’t agree with others on a certain matter, don’t argue but talk with them.

Finally, don’t believe those who leave their friends when they are in trouble because, as the saying goes, “A friend in need is a friend indeed.”

That’s all.Thank you!