汉英翻译实践第二讲

2020-03-03 18:28:01 来源：范文大全收藏下载本文

I.原文(Source Text)

京剧大师梅兰芳

梅兰芳是伟大的京剧表演艺术家。可他小时候却被认为是“言不出众，貌不惊人”，不是学戏的料1。

梅兰芳小时候是个没人管的野孩子2。他八岁开始学戏，由于天资不出众，学了多时还不能开口唱戏。他平时寡言少语，见了人也不会说话3，总是无精打采的，眼睛也没有一点儿神4。姑母说他不行，连老师教了一段时间后也丧失了信心，不愿意再教下去了。

梅兰芳人虽小，但挺懂事5，也有股倔强劲儿。“你们说我不行，我偏要学。”梅兰芳暗暗下了决心。

从此，梅兰芳一有空就站在院子里的空地上朝天上看6。蔚蓝的天空，常有鸽子飞过，梅兰芳就拼命地7抬起眼，盯住鸽子，目送它向远处飞去，眼睛一眨也不眨。开始很难受，眼睛又酸又累，还不住地流眼泪，眼皮也挺吃力的。但是梅兰芳不怕苦和累，一直坚持不断地练习。就这样，梅兰芳的眼睛变得越来越有神，为日后演戏奠定了基础。

„„*

就这样，梅兰芳从一个不是唱戏的料，成长为有独特风格的京剧表演艺术家。

8梅兰芳唱红了，自然点名要他唱戏的人就多了，当时有不少社会名流、巨商富豪想用金钱收买他，利用他的名望笼络人心，赚大钱。然而梅兰芳面对金钱从不动心。

一天，梅兰芳演完戏正在后台卸装9，一个有名的巨商走了进来，满脸堆笑地对他说：“梅先生演技高超，我实在佩服。这是一点小意思，聊表敬意。”说着递过来一张l万元的现金支票。梅兰芳知道那人另有企图，接过支票后看也不看，就划了根火柴把它烧了。他对那人说：“艺术是不能用金钱收买的，你走吧。”那个巨商碰了一鼻子灰10，向梅兰芳赔礼道歉后，就灰溜溜地走了。 ————————

* 此处省略了梅兰芳是如何练唱腔、练腿功、练表情的。

II.理解难点提示(Suggestions for Comprehension of Difficulties) 1.“不是学戏的料”用的是什么修辞格？什么意思？

2.此处“没人管的野孩子”是否意为“没人管教，调皮捣蛋的孩子”？看文中提到了哪些亲人，亲人对他的态度如何。

3.“不会说话”是否意为梅兰芳还没有学会说话？ 4.这个“神”是表情、精神，还是光彩？ 5.这里的“懂事”是否意为“乖”、“听话”？考虑后面的“倔强劲儿”。

6.“站”与“看”哪是主要行为？

7.“拼命地”究竟是说明“抬起眼”还是说明“盯住”？ 8.“唱红了”是什么意思？ 9.“卸装”包括哪些行为？

10.“碰了一鼻子灰”是什么意思？ III.译文(Target Text)

Mei Lanfang--Great Master of Beijing Opera Mei Lanfang was a great performing artist of Beijing opera.But when a child, he was judged to be “of mediocre speech and plain appearance,” without the makings of an actor.1

In his childhood, Mei Lanfang was a neglected child2.He began to learn acting at 8, but with mediocre endowment, he remained unable to act at all after having learnt for a long time.Usually taciturn, he wasn’t good at talking to people, always listle with lackluster eyes3.His aunt said that he was no good, and, having taught him for some time, even his master lost confidence and refused4 to go on teaching him. Child as he was, he was rather sensible, and stubborn, too.“You say I’m no good, but I will go on learning,” he said to himself, making up his mind.

From then on, he would, whenever he was free5, stand in the clear space in the yard looking up at the sky.From time to time there were pigeons flying acro the blue sky, and he would look up and strain his eyes to follow them into the distance6, never winking7.At first, it was painful8, and his eyes were sore and tired, with tears running and eyelids overstrained.But he persisted in training in spite of pain and tiredne.In this way, his eyes became brighter and brighter, which helped9 to lay a good foundation for his acting in days to come. …

Thus Mei Lanfang developed from a person who hadn’t got the makings of an actor into a performing artist of Beijing opera with a unique style. When he became succeful as an actor, it was natural that many people would name him to act for them.At that time, not a few social celebrities, tycoons and rich and powerful people hoped to buy him off10 and make fortunes by exploiting his popularity.But he was never moved by money11. One day, he was backstage, removing his makeup and costume, when12 a rich merchant came in and said to him, all smiles, “I’m most impreed by your excellent acting, Mr.Mei.Here is a mere trifle for you, to show my respect.” So saying, he handed over a 10000-yuan check.Mei Lanfang, knowing that the man had other fish to fry13, took over the check, struck a match and burnt it without looking.He said to the man, “Art can’t be bought off with money.So beat it14.” Snubbed15, the man apologized to Mei Lanfang and went away in disgrace16.IV.表达解说(Explanation of Expreion) 1.have the makings (of) 意为have the poibility of developing (into)，正是“是做„„的料”的意思。值得注意的是，一用have，一用“是”。

2.这里“管”是“照料”的意思。“没人管的”译为neglected是反说正译法。

3.原文四个分句呈竹节式结构，译文以he wasn’t good at talking to people为主，分出三个层次，译为葡萄式结构。

4.“不愿意”以正说法译为refused。

5.谓语部分较长，whenever he was free 较短，按英语先短后长(或者说句句末重心)的原则，置于动词stand之前。

6.“拼命地”实际上是修饰“盯住”的，但不能译followed hard，得译为strained his eyes to follow。一旦用了follow，就不能再将“飞”译为fly，而必须使用其习惯搭配：follow sb.to / into/ out of a place。the distance前用in(位置)或into(运动)。

7.winking暗含着eyes，his eyes不再译出来。 8.“开始很难受”前省去的主语是“梅兰芳”，但painful是“令人痛苦的/令人难受的，主语必须变为指这件事的it。

9.练好眼睛只是演戏的基础的一个方面，所以译为which helped to lay…。 10.“笼络”的具体手段是用钱收买，译为buy him off。 11.原文以主动式说“对„„动心”，译文变为被动式was never moved。这提醒我们，翻译时英语被动式，有时可用原主语做主语，换个动词译为主动式。

12.某事正进行，另一件新的事情发生，英语用sth.was happening, when…。表面上看颠倒了修饰关系，但重点恰恰是后面的when从句。

13.“另有企图”译为习语have other fish to fry，具有贬义，恰好符合这里的上下文。 14.“你走吧！”是下逐客令，不客气，译为 “So beat it.”风格一致。

15.“碰一鼻子灰”是习语。碰到了墙上，鼻子上才有灰，所以“碰一鼻子灰”就是“碰到了墙上”，说穿了就是被人很不客气地拒绝。英语没有相当的习语，译为Snubbed。 16.“灰溜溜”就来源于“碰一鼻子灰”，但只能译出修辞意义in disgrace。

课后练习：

王冕吴敬梓

虽然如此说，元朝末年，也曾出了一个光明磊落的人。这人姓王名冕，在诸暨县乡村里住。七岁上死了父亲，他母亲做些针指，供给他到村学堂里去读书。看看三个年头，王冕已是十岁了。母亲唤他到面前来说道：“儿啊，不是我有心要耽误你，只因你父亲亡后，我一个寡妇人家，只有出去的，没有进来的；年岁不好，柴米又贵；这几件旧衣服和些旧家伙，当的当了，卖的卖了；只靠着我替人家做些针指生活寻来的钱，如何供得你读书？如今没奈何，把你雇在间壁人家放牛，每月可以得他几钱银子，你又有现成饭吃，只在明日就要去了。”

王冕道：“娘说的是。我在学堂里坐着，心里也闷，不如往他家放牛倒快活些。假如我要读书，依旧可以带几本去读。”当夜商议定了。

第二日，母亲同他到间壁秦老家。秦老留着他母子两个吃了早饭，牵出一条水牛来交与王冕。

王冕自此只在秦家放牛，每到黄昏，回家跟着母亲歇息。或遇秦家煮些腌鱼腊肉给他吃，他便拿块荷叶包了来家，递与母亲。每日点心钱，他也不买了吃，聚到一两个月，便偷了空，走到村学堂里，见那闯学堂的书客，就买几本旧书。日逐把牛拴了，坐在柳阴树下看。

(选自《儒林外史》)