专业英语教案
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专业英语教案（其中放假1次，期中习题课1次）
Unit 1 TECTONICS (4课时) （1：The structure of the earth 2：plate tectonic
3：Earthquakes）
一、Word and phrase core; mantle; crust 地核；地幔；地壳 continental crust
大陆地壳
granite; basalt
花岗岩；玄武岩 sial; sima硅铝层；硅镁层
surface waves; body ..面波；体波 epicentre; focus
震中；震源
lithosphere
岩石圈 tectonic plate
构造板块 continetal drift
大陆漂移
asthenosphere
软流层 ocean ridge 洋脊 ocean trench 海沟
subduction 俯冲作用
volcanism
火山作用
fold mountain
褶皱山脉
fold; fault
褶皱；断层 sedimentary rocks 沉积岩
vent
火山口
lava
熔岩 volcanic cones 火山锥
parasitic cone
寄生火山锥
plug
岩颈
volcanic ash
火山灰
二、重点内容
1..Within the crust, intricate patterns are created when rocks are redistributed and deposited in layers through the geologic procees of eruption and intrusion of lava, erosion, and consolidation of rock particles, and solidification and recrystallization of porous rock.2.The lithosphere is a relatively inflexible and buoyant layer.It is the layer which floats on the material underneath and as it moves carries the continents that produce continental drift.
3.There are three types of plate boundaries:
Divergent (diverge, divergence) boundaries -- where new crust is generated as the plates pull away from each other.
Convergent (converge, convergent) boundaries -- where crust is destroyed as one plate dives under another.
Transform boundaries -- where crust is neither produced nor destroyed as the plates slide horizontally past each other.
4.Earthquakes occur when normal movement of the crust are concentrated into a single shock of a series of sudden shocks.
三、词汇解释 ocean ridges continental rift rift valley convergent trench arc and back-arc-basin system transcurrent fault abyal intrusion fold mountains sendimentary rock Unit 2 WEATHERING（4课时）
(1：Weathering 2：Controls on weathering)
一、Word and phrase mechanical weathering
机械风化 chemical weathering
化学风化 freeze-thaw
冻融
preure release
卸荷释重 limestone
石灰岩
hydrolysis
水解作用 quartz
石英
hydration 水合作用 oxidation 氧化作用 alluvium
冲击层 gravel
砂砾
denudation
剥蚀作用 precipitation
降水 climatic zone
气候带 mid-latitude
中纬度
semi-arid
半干旱
tropical wet-dry
热带干湿季气候 watershed
分水岭 drainage basin
流域
regolith
风化层
二、重点
1.The disintegration (breaking into parts) of rock that takes place at or near the surface of the earth is called weathering.2.PHYSICAL WEATHERING It occurs when a force is applied to rock, causing it to disintegrate into its basic components (what it makes of) .temperature changing--it expands and contracts rock particles to breaks rock apart.frost action--it condenses water vapor in cooling air to form water that seeps into cracks in rock.organic (have life) activity--plants or other organisms grow and burrow (go into) into cracks in rock, so the rock crumble over time.3.CHEMICAL WEATHERING The proce that breaks down rock through chemical changes.The agents of chemical weathering Water Oxygen Carbon dioxide Living organisms Acid rain 4.WeatheringThe movement of weathered material from the site of weathering.Primary agent is gravity, but gravity acts in concert with running water.5.control on weathering -climate
-precipitation -variations in the depth of wreathing for climatic zones from the pole to the tropocs
-geology(chemical composition ;the natural of cements in sedimentary rock;joint and bedding plants)
三、词语翻译 weathering crust weathering joint mineral deposit by weathering weathering of rock ma decomposition product decomposition reaction disintegration coefficient To move back and forth alternately .a mineral substance waste substance
A simple substance, mixture mechanical weathering landscape marble landscape ecosystem moisture equivalent
measurement of soil moisture constant.fluctuation of temperature
Unit 3 SLOPES（2课时）
(1：Slope
2：Slope controls 3：Theories of slope evolution movements)
一、words and phrase soil creep
土壤蠕动 ma movement
块体运动 strata
地层
overland runoff
地表径流 sheet wash
片状冲刷
pediment
山前侵蚀平原（山足面） rockfall山崩
landslide
滑坡
二、重点内容
1.slope (definition) 2.factor of controlling slope development -climate -geology -vegetation -soil cover -human activity 3.theories of slope evolution -slope decline:w.m.davies
4：Ma
-slope replacement:waltherpenck
-slope retreat:l.c.king
4.ma movement -small movement (soil creep) -fast movement(avalanches)
三、翻译句子 Ma movements are part of a continuum of erosional procees between weathering and stream transport.Ma movement causes regolith and rock to move down-slope where sooner or later the loose particles will be picked up by another transporting agent and eventually moved to a site of deposition such as an ocean basin or lake bed.
Unit 4 HYDTOLOGY （2课时） The river basin hydrological cycle 2：Drainage basin hydrology 3：Seasonal variations in river flow: the regime
一、words and phrase interception
截流
evapotranspiration 蒸发和蒸腾总量 capillary rise
毛管上升 aeration zone
包气带
overland flow ; interflow ; base flow
地表径流；壤中流；地下径流 water table
潜水面（水位）
basin length; area 流域长度;流域面积 tributary 支流； trunk stream 干流
drainage density
河网密度
二、重点内容
1.The basin hydrological cycle –input (precipitation) and outputs(evapotranspiration and runoff) -interception by vegetation -soil moisture and infiltration
2.The definition of the drainage basin is the area which drains into a particular river or river system.（precipitation via interception, soil moisture and groundwater storage, evapotranspiration ） 3.Basin plan
4.Stream ordering
6.Drainage density
三、课后练习
Main components P
precipitation E
evaporation T
transpiration I
infiltration R
runoff G
ground water flow Ic
interception Unit 5 The long profile and Rivers as sediment systems（2课时）
一、words and phrase upper ;middle ; lower reach 上中下游 vertical erosion
下切侵蚀 headward erosion
溯源侵蚀 lateral erosion
侧蚀 pot-hole
壶穴 meander
曲流 ox-bow lake
牛轭湖 delta
三角洲 lake basin
湖盆 levee
天然提
rill and gully erosion 细沟、冲沟侵蚀 clay;silt;sand;粘土；粉砂；砂
suspended sediment
悬浮沉积物 atmospherical fallout
大气沉降 laminar flow
层流 turbulent flow
紊流 riffle; pool 浅滩；深槽
channel roughne
河道粗糙度
二、重点内容
1.As rivers evolve through time and over distance the stream paes through a series of distinct stages: youth (lakes, waterfalls, and rapids, initial uplift) middle youth ( headward erosion, deepening of channel) early maturity(a smoothly profile, floodplain) approaching full maturity(meanders, river in equilibrium) full maturity (broad floodplain and freely menders)
2.critical erosion velocity
3.type of flow-laminar flow and turbulent flow
三、理解下图内容
Cro-sectional shape varies with position in the stream, and discharge.Thedeepest part of channel occurs where the stream velocity is the highest.Both width and depth increase downstream because discharge increases downstream.As discharge increases the cro sectional shape will change, with the stream becoming deeper and wider.
Unit 6 Meanders and Deltas and estuaries（2课时）
sandbar
沙坝 thalweg中泓线 estuary 河口
lagoon
泻湖 salinity
盐度 coastline
海岸线 dune
沙丘
suspension; saltation; creep
悬移；跃移；蠕移 dust storm
尘暴 windward; leeward
迎风；背风 prevailing wind
盛行风 deflation hollow
风蚀凹地
二、重点内容 1.helicoidal flow
2.the wavelength of meanders is dependent on three majors of factors: channel width, discharge, and the nature of the bed and banks.
3.factors of affect the formation of deltas: amount and calibre of load, salinity, gradient of coastline , vegetation, low energy river discharge.
4.three forms of deltas: arcuate, cuspate, bird’s foot.5.estuaries occur where a coastal area has recently subsided or the ocean level has risen, causing the lower part of the river to be drowned.
三、理解下列句子
TerracesGlaciers erode in several ways.:Abrasion and plucking.sediment transportation Glacial Deposition 4.Landforms produced by mountain: Cirques, Glacial Valleys, Arêtes, Horns.
三、理解下列图片内容。
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