英语四级小翻译

2020-03-03 15:15:23 来源：范文大全收藏下载本文

吉林财经大学公共外语教研部

2012级学生课堂翻译材料汇总（2014.3—2014.7）

段落翻译1

越来越多受英文教育的海外华人父母，已经认识到孩子在掌握不可或缺的英文的同时，也通晓中文的重要性。//中国的崛起，让他们充分认识到孩子掌握双语的好处——既能增加他们的就业机会，也能让他们接触和熟悉东西方两种不同的文化。//这些人对中文的态度几乎没有完全改变。//曾几何时，他们还非常骄傲地宣称自己只懂英文。//现在，他们已开始积极支持孩子学习中文和中国文化，而且还不时走访中国，欣赏壮观的自然风光，认识丰富的文化遗产。

参考译文

An increasing number of English-educated Chinese parents overseas have come to the realization that while English learning is indispensable to their children, it is eential that their kids have a good command of Chinese.//China’s rise has fully awakened their awarene of the fact that their kids can benefit from their bilingual ability which can not only enhance their competitivene in the job market, but also facilitate their exposure to and familiarity with the two different cultures between the East and the West.// They have hardly changed their attitudes towards Chinese.//At one time they proudly declared that they knew English only.//Now, they have begun to give full support to their kids learning Chinese and its culture, and they also make occasional visits to China, where they can enjoy its magnificent natural landscape and get to know its rich cultural heritage.解析

本段是一篇文化类介绍文章。总体难度一般，以句号结束的句子即可作为一个意群，考生基本不用自行判断、划分。文中的长句可使用中国考生特别熟悉的从句进行翻译，如第一句的“已经认识到……的同时，也通晓中文的重要性”，就可以用从属连词while 连接，第一段的最后一句“掌握双语的好处……”由which引导的定语从句也可迎刃而解。当然，要翻译好本段，选词很重要。如第一句中“越来越多的华人父母认识到……”，如果你和大多数人一样，翻译成“more and more parents…”就显得很普通，而“an increasing number of…”则地道很多；又如第一段最后一句“既能增加他们的就业机会，也能让他们接触和熟悉东西方两种不同的文化。”例文用了“enhance”和“facilitate”两个词，富于变化；文中许多考生容易使用副词的地方，译者都巧妙地运用形容词来替代，如将“积极支持”译为“give full support to”，将“不时走访”译为“make occasional visits”，读来原汁原味，彰显了译者扎实的翻译功底。

段落翻译2

北京有无数的胡同(hutong)。//平民百姓在胡同里的生活给古都北京带来了无穷的魅力。//北京的胡同不仅仅是平民百姓的生活环境，而且还是一门建筑艺术。//通常，胡同内有一个大杂院，房间够4到10个家庭的差不多20 口人住。//所以，胡同里的生活充满了友善和人情味。//如今，随着社会和经济的飞速发展，很多胡同被新的高楼大厦所取代。//但愿胡同可以保留下来。

参考译文

In Beijing, there are numerous hutongs.// The life of common people in hutongs bringsendle charm to the ancient capital, Beijing.// The hutong in Beijing is not only the living environment of common people but also a kind of architecture.// Usually, there is a courtyard complexinside hutong, with rooms shared by 4 to 10 families of about 20 people.Therefore, life in hutongsis full of friendline and genuine humanity.Nowadays, with rapid social and economicdevelopment, many hutongs are replaced by new tall buildings.I hope hutongs can be preserved.

解析

1.带来了无穷的魅力：翻译为bring endle charm to。

2.汉语习惯于用并列的散句或短语来表达一个语境，而英文习惯上用整句表述，句内不太重要的信息会用 | 介词短语或从句来补充说明，如本段中“胡同内有一个大杂院，房间够4到10个家庭的差不多20口人住”是：两个并列关系的汉语短句，翻译成英文时可将第二句用with介词结构表达出来，起补充说明的作用。

3.充满友善和人情味：翻译为full of friendline and genuine humanity。

4.随着社会和经济的飞速发展：翻译为with rapid social and economic

development，也是with介词短语的应用，在句中作伴随状语。

段落翻译3

一个13亿人口的大国要实现和平崛起，绝非易事。目前，就经济和社会发展领域而言，中国面临三大挑战：

第一个是资源特别是能源的挑战。中国人均资源占有量在全世界排在后列；同时，由于发展速度快而科学水平低，中国制造业的资源消耗尤其是能耗却排在世界前列。这就使得资源特别是能源短缺。

第二个是生态环境的挑战。环境污染严重、生态状况恶化、资源耗费巨大、回收率低而导致环境破坏等问题，已成为中国经济保持可持续发展的瓶颈。

第三个是在经济与社会与发展过程中的一系列失衡问题的挑战。因此，我们既要使GDP持续快速增长，又要加快社会建设步伐；既要注重公平、缩小差距，又要保持活力、提高效率。

参考译文

It is a matter of difficulty for a country of 1.3 billion people to achieve peaceful rise.At present, China faces three major challenges in economic and social development.

The first challenge is represented by the shortage of resources, particularly energies.China lags behind the world in terms of per capital hold of resources, while owing to the fast speed of our economic development coupled with low level of science and technology, China’s manufacturing industry is among the most energy-consuming in the world, which is the instrument of the shortage of resources, especially energies in China.

The second challenge is marked by ecological environment.The bottleneck for the sustainable development of the Chinese economy can be exemplified by the serious environmental problem caused by severe pollution, deteriorating ecological conditions, huge consumption of resources and low reclamation.

The third is featured by a string of imbalances in economic and social development.Therefore,

we need to balance the rapid and continuous GDP growth rate against the pace of social construction, and balance emphasis on equality and narrowing down gaps against efforts to maintain vitality and enhance efficiency in economic activity.

解析

1.绝非易事：a matter of difficulty （描述类经典句）

2.是：be represented by; be marked by; be featured by （判断类经典句）

3.使得：be the instrument of （使动类经典句）

4.已成为中国经济……：be exemplified by （总分类经典句）； be the instrument of （使动类经典句）

5.同时：while （逻辑关系原则）

6.由于：owing to （动宾连接原则）

7.环境污染严重…：the serious environmental problem caused by severe pollution, deteriorating ecological conditions, huge consumption of resources and low reclamation （名词词组与分句互译原则）

8.我们既要使GDP持续快速增长，又要加快社会建设步伐；既要注重公平、缩小差距，又要保持活力、提高效率。（谓语最小化原则）

翻译段落4

过年

1.在从前的农业社会里，中国人最重要的节日就是过年。2.对过去的一年来说，这是结束；对未来的一年来说这是开始。3.一进入腊月，街头巷尾就充满了过年的气氛，这种气氛要持续一个半月之久。4.大家不仅借着各种娱乐节目来调剂一年来的辛劳同时也在游乐中流露出一种乐观进取的精神。5.过年时，每家门上都贴上了春联，耀眼的红纸增加了人们的喜气，优美的字句提供了勉励。

参考译文

In China’s formerly agricultural society, Spring Festival was the most important holiday.It was the end of the previous year and the beginning of the next.When the twelfth month of the lunar year began, the happine of new-year celebration pervaded the streets for a month and a half.People sought relief from the previous year’s wearine with entertainment that focused on optimism and enterprise.New Year scrolls were put on the doors of every family in Spring Festival: the shiny red scroll increasing happine and the rhythmic words giving encouragement.

解析：1.确定句子的主语“过年”为“Spring Festival”.

2.两个并列句中的“这”都指的是“过年”，用代词it.

3.这是个无主句，将其转化为“腊月一开始”，这样句子就有了主语。在“街头巷尾就充满了过年的气氛”中，如果选用“过年的气氛”做主语，就转化成了极具英语特色的非人称主语句，表达效果会更好。“这种气氛要持续一个半月之久”中的主语“这种气氛”正是指上下文的“过年的气氛”，翻译时可以省略，将“持续一个半月之久”转变为介词短语for a month and a half,衔接到句子前面的句子上。

4.此句中“借着…”来做某事，是英语中典型的介词短语with…作为方式状语。

5.前半句是无主句，用被动语态的形式，也就是“春联被贴到了每家门上”；后面的两句是对春联的具体描述，可以采用独立主格结构来翻译，作为主句的伴随状态，提供补充说明的信息。

翻译段落5

婚姻

1.中国人称结婚为终身大事，因为中国人的家庭观念很重，认为齐家是治国的根本。2.中国人不断告诉读书人，要想替国家做事，必须先把家庭治理好。3.中国人不仅把婚姻看成一男一女的结合，还把它当作社会的基础，是很庄重的事。4.旧式的中国婚姻，并不是自己选择对象，而是由家长做主，还需要媒人的介绍。5.到了现代，婚姻由自己做主，但是仍要征求家长同意。

参考译文

Chinese people define marriage as a great event in their lives, because they have a strong sense of family, with the belief （believing）that running a good family is the foundation for running(managing) the country.Chinese ancients kept warning scholars that they should run their families well before they could work for the country.Therefore, Chinese people regard marriage not only as the union of a man and a woman, but also as the foundation of society, which should be treated with solemnity.In old Chinese marriage arrangements, one didn’t choose his or her spouse, who was instead arranged by the parents with the help of matchmakers.In modern times, one chooses his or her own marriage partner, but still with the aent of the parents.

解析：1.终身大事：a great event(lifelong event欠妥) in their lives；第三个短句既可以译为介词短语，也可以译为分词短语：①with the belief that running a good family is the foundation for running(ruling) the country.②believing that running a good family is the foundation for running(ruling) the country.

修身：cultivate oneself;

齐家：run the family in unison;

治国：rule the country in order;

平天下：create the peaceful world

2.后两个短句都是无主句，它们的逻辑主语都是“读书人”，用增译法添加主语they，使句子结构完整。

3.“不仅…还…”用并列结构”not only …but also来译。“是很庄重的事”也是无主句，翻译时可采用关系代词which作主语，替代“婚姻”marriage, 从而将后面的句子译成定语，连接到主句上。

4.这也是无主句。翻译时需要增添主语“人们”one, 表示是当时普遍存在的情况。

5.同上一句都是无主句。翻译时增加主语one，是句子完整，逻辑合理。