现代大学英语教案模板

2020-04-18 来源：教案模板收藏下载本文

推荐第1篇：大学英语教案

Unit 8 Book 1 Experiencing English I.Teaching objectives

1.Skills:

1) Reading: Reading Between the Lines 2) Writing: how to use punctuations in a sentence 3) Listening: understanding the paages about love and friendship, listening for the main idea and the important details, learning to take notes while listening 4) Speaking: talking about love and friendship 2.Vocabulary development: 1) Words: acquaintance, barely, encounter, incline, intimate, occasional, principle, recall, recognize, replace, summarize, upset, bow, depart, enclose, endure, identical, intense, occupy, provoke, standing, trim, 2) Expreions: compare… to, drift apart, ever after, even if/ though, join hands (with), no matter what/ how, etc., succeed in, try on, go by, in case, pa away, work out 3.Grammar and structure: 1) Adverbial clause 2) Attributive clause 3) modal auxiliaries in subjunctive mood

II.Important points:

Leave nothing to chance, compare to, even if/ though, no matter how/ what, go by, work out, recognize as/ by, compare with/ to

III.Difficult points: 1.distinguishing replace, substitute, take the place of; confront, encounter, meet; bear, endure, put up with, stand, suffer, tolerate; acknowledge, admit, confe, recognize 2.Speaking: talking about love and friendship 3.Listening: understanding the paages, listening for the main idea and the important details, learning to take notes while listening

IV.Teaching arrangements: 1.Total cla time for this unit: 8 periods 2.Suggested arrangement: 1) Talking:(duty report, group discuion, free talk etc.) 40\' 2) Pre-reading activities: 15-20\' 3) Understanding the structure of text A: 15-20\'

1 4) Detailed study of the language:100\' 5) Writing skills: 15\' 6) Text summary 10’ 7) Exercises: 55\' 8) Reading skills: 15-25\' 9) Detailed study of of text B: 60-70\' 10) Comprehensive exercises: 20\'

IV.Lecture scripts:(by the teachers) 2

推荐第2篇：大学英语教案3

大学英语教案-3

1、Insure ]vt.给...保险; 保...险保障; 保证; 确保

insure sb.'s property against fire 给某人财产保火险 have one's life insured 给自已保人寿险

Carefulne insures you against errors. 谨慎细致可使你避免发生差错。

2、insurance 安全保障[措施] 保险(业) 保险单保险费; 保险额保证

3、unwanted 不需要的; 多余的不受欢迎的; 有缺点的

4、in return adv.作为报答

5、put back 放回原处, 向后移, 推迟, 倒退, 使后退

6、pre- pref.表示“前、先、预先”之义 preadult 未成年人 precancel 取消前 prewar 战前

7、factor n.

adj. n.因素; 原动力; 主因

【数】分解因子, 因数;【物】系数, 率;【化】当量换算因数;【生】基因, 遗传因子;【摄】曝光系数倍; 乘数; 商经销人; 经纪人; 代理商; [苏]土地经管人 Rain and heat are factors in growing plants. 雨水和热是使植物生长的原动力。

8、offer 提出[供] 供奉;贡献试图开价;出售呈现;使出现演出

offer one's own characteristics 表现出自己的特点 offer a new comedy 上演一出新的喜剧

9、major adj. vt.较大的; 较多的; 主要的; 主修的较优的; 较大范围的

成年的; [英](学校中同姓同学中的)年长的【音】大调的, 大音阶的 the major part 主要部分 major subjects 主修(专业)课程 major party

(有竞选力量的)主要政党

10、shop around 逐店进行搜购, 到处寻找好职业, 到处寻找好主意

11、network 网络格子砖网状织物

网状系统, 广播网; 电视网网络电路

n.广播[电视]联播公司

12、advisable 适当的, 可取的; 合理的能劝告的可施行的

It is not advisable to drink too much. 喝酒不可过量。

I consider his suggestion as advisable. 我认为他的建议是可取的。

I think it advisable to wait. 我认为等待才是明智之举。

14、advise vt.

adj.劝告, 忠告; 给...出主意

通知;【商】通告advise sb.to do sth.劝某人做某事

15、in turn adv.依次, 轮流

16、auto n.(pl.autos)[美口]汽车 auto parts 汽车零件

17、claim vt.（根据权利）要求，索取，索赔，认领，申请主张，声称，自称，断言值得，需要重视［注意］ claim a large amount against him 要求他赔偿大量金额

Every citizen may claim the protection of the law. 每一公民均可要求法律的保护。 Does anyone claim this umbrella? 有没有人认领这把伞？

He claimed that he had done the work without help. 他声称没有得到帮助而完成了这项工作。 There are several matters that claim my attention. 有好几件事值得我注意。

18、broadly ad.宽广地, 明白地, 无礼貌地

19、employee 雇员，雇工

There are 30 employees in his firm. 他的公司有30名雇员。 20、employer

n. n.雇主; 雇用者，经理，老板

21、permanent

adj.永久性的, 耐久的, 固定不变的常设的, 常任的 permanent addre 永久地址 permanent aets 【会计】固定资产 a permanent job 固定职业

a permanent commitee 常设委员会

22、on a short-term basis 短期的

23、foremost 最初的, 最先的第一流的; 主要的习惯用语

first and foremost 首先, 第一

head foremost 轻率地; 头朝前的

24、entire adj.

adj.整个的, 完全的; 全部的, 全体的纯粹的

25、soght-after adj.很吃香的；广受欢迎的

26、attack n.攻击, 抨击

vt.攻击, 抨击, 动手干 vi.攻击

27、opt vi.选择

28、opt vi.选择, 抉择

opt to do sth. 选择做某事

They opt for more holiday instead of more pay. 他们选择了延长假期而不是增加工资。习惯用语

opt for (从多种方案中)作出选择

opt in 决定参加

opt out (of) 决定不参加或退出

29、advisor30、homeowner

n.顾问, 劝告者, 指导教师

自己拥有住房者,(住自己房子的)私房屋主

推荐第3篇：新目标大学英语教案8

Unit 8 Be Creative(1)

I. Before reading Cla

Cla Hours: 6 hours II.Teaching Aims and Requirements:

1.Expre themselves freely on the topic of creativity.2.Related Information of the Text 3.New Words Learning and Practice 4.Grasp and apply the skill of using a concept map to sort ideas in an eay 5.Understand how to encourage creativity and creative thinking 6.Master the key language points and use them in different contexts ---words and expreions related to creativity ---collocations of different claifiers before nouns ---word formation: compound adjectives 7.Translate different expreions for definition 8.Write a definition paragraph III.Cla Procedures

1.Listening and Speaking (30 minutes) 1) Listening (10 minutes) a) Introductory remarks: We tend to speak of creativity as inventing new things, but in fact the root of the word means \"grow\".Therefore, creativity is not something to be taught; rather it has to be nurtured.In fact every child is an artist, but how one can stay that way as he/she grows up is a big concern for education administrators, busine entrepreneurs as well as policy-makers.The seeds of creativity are not supposed to be contained in any standardized, prescribed form of thinking or doing.One should be allowed time and space to think outside the box and to experiment with innovative ideas.Walt Disney\'s succe in \"imagineering\" shows that more often creativity bears fruit out of the eternal tug of war between wishful thinking and down-to-earth workmanship.

b) Listening Material Nonverbal Communication

Experiences, 1)______, and smells fuel creativity.Sitting still won’t bring new 2)______ in but experimenting and trying new things will 3)____ our creativity.George Bernard Shaw told us, “You see things; and you say, ‘Why?’ But I dream things that never were; and I say, ‘Why not’?” Sir Ken Robinson, an 4)_____________ recognized expert in education leadership and 5)_________, has described creativity as “the proce of having 6)______ ideas that add value”.That is a 7)_____________ definition.The real difficulty comes in actually being able to think 8)_________ or “out of the box”.It is a very 9)____ and valuable skill to be able to 10)____________ ideas that are truly original and different from anything currently out there.

Keys: 1) sights

2)ideas

3) jog 4) internationally

5) innovation

6) original 7) straightforward

8) differently

9)rare 10) come up with 2) Speaking (20 minutes) a) Introductory remarks:

Answer the questions and discu them with your partners.

Q:How do you understand the phrase “thinking out of the box”? Discu with your partner where you could use it, supporting yourself with evidence.(Have you ever heard or read anything interesting that could be described as “out of the box”?)

2.Related Information of the Text

(15minutes) 1) Related Information

a) Ken Robinson

Sir Ken Robinson Ph.D.: An internationally recognized leader in the development of creativity, innovation and human potential.He is also one of the world’s leading speakers and has had a profound impact on audiences globally.Born in the UK, he now lives in Los Angeles.

b) BBC’s Question Time

Question Time is a topical debate BBC television program in the United Kingdom, based on the radio program Any Questions? The show typically features politicians from at least the three major political parties as well as other public figures who answer pre-selected questions put to them by a carefully chosen audience.The independent production company Mentorn has made the program for the BBC since 1998.

c) Michael Gove Michael Andrew Gove is a British Conservative Party politician and the Member of Parliament for Surrey Heath.He is also an author and a former journalist for The Times newspaper.Born in Edinburgh, Gove was raised in Aberdeen and began his career as a journalist.He was first elected to Parliament in 2005 for the safe Conservative seat of Surrey Heath in South East England.He was later promoted to the Shadow Cabinet in 2007 as the Shadow Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families.After the formation of the Coalition Government in 2010, Gove was then appointed Secretary of State for Education.After the General Election in May 2015 he became Secretary of State for Justice.

d) Hans Zimmer Hans Florian Zimmer (born 12 September, 1957) is a German film composer and music producer.He has composed music for over 150 films, including award-winning film scores for The Lion King (1994), Crimson Tide (1995), The Thin Red Line (1998), Gladiator (2000), The Last Samurai (2003), The Dark Knight (2008), Inception (2010), and 12 Years a Slave (2013).Zimmer spent the early part of his career in the United Kingdom before moving to the United States.

He is the head of the film music division at DreamWorks studios and works with other composers through the company which he founded, Remote Control Productions.Zimmer\'s works are notable for integrating electronic music sounds with traditional orchestral arrangements.He has received four Grammy Awards, three Claical BRIT Awards, two Golden Globes, and an Academy Award.He was also named on the list of Top 100 Living Geniuses, published by The Daily Telegraph.

3.New Words Learning and Practice (25minutes) 1) New Words Learning (15 minutes) ① curriculum: n.the subjects that are included in a course of study or taught in a school, college, etc.E.g.Spanish is on the curriculum.The national curriculum states that students aged 11 to 14 must study six areas of knowledge.

the national curriculum: 全国公修课 curriculum vitae (CV): 简历，履历

Applicants interested in applying for the position should submit their CVs to the company no later than this coming Friday.② pulse: n.the ideas, opinions, or feelings a group in society have at a particular time The White House insists that the president is in touch with the pulse of the black community.③ eential: adj.completely neceary; extremely important in a particular situation or for a particular activity The museum is closed while eential repairs are being carried out.The charity will be taking food and eential supplies to six refugee camps.④ dynamic (Para.2): adj.always changing and making progre South Asia continues to be the most dynamic economic region in the world.We want you to be part of our young and dynamic team.⑤ discipline (Para.2): n.an area of knowledge; a subject that people study or are taught, especially in a university The new recruits were drawn from a range of academic disciplines.Management is a discipline which has its own characteristics and applies to any type of organization.⑥ analogy (Para.2): n.a comparison of one thing with another thing that has similar features The teacher drew an analogy between the human heart and a pump.There\'s no analogy between his position and yours.⑦ capacity (Para.4): n.the ability to understand or to do sth.She has an enormous capacity for hard work.Limited resources are restricting our capacity for developing new products.⑧ promote (Para.5): v.a) to help sth.to happen or develop The aociation is intended to promote an understanding of the culture of the Arab world.

promote awarene of environmental iues b) to help sell a product, service, etc.or make it more popular by advertising it or offering it at a special price She worked hard and was soon promoted.He has been promoted to general sales and marketing manager.⑨ scale (Para.6): n.a set of notes played or sung in order, going up or down音阶

Let us summarize the ground rules for scale playing.practice scales: to perform the notes of a scale as an exercise for the fingers or voice ⑩ flourish: v.

a) to develop quickly and be succeful

Few businees are flourishing in the present economic climate.

b) to grow well; to be healthy and happy

These plants flourish in a damp climate.2) Practice in New Words (10 minutes)

Have students do Exercise 4 and practice core words related to the text

Fill in the blanks with the words listed below.Make changes where neceasry.Acquire ambition Flourish genuine

discipline motivate

dynamic appetite

facilitate talent ① In a cla about writing, extensive practice is the only means of auring ____ improvement.② IT is a very comprehensive______ of creativity and practicality.③ Friendly contacts between the two countries ____ cultural and economic terchange.④ It takes two people to make a partnership and both of you bring your own unique skills, _____, and personalities.⑤ To maintain a competitive advantage in today’s fast-paced world, organizations need to ______ and engage all their employees.⑥ The new resaurants are meeting consumers’ growing _____ for better quality ingredients and unusual spices.⑦ Life is _____ and constantly changing.Because of that, your direction is much more important than your position.⑧ If you prefer learning new knowledge by reading, you will probably end up a sort of learner who _______ knowledge by sight.⑨ My singing talent has ______ due to the boost of confidence I gained whilst volunteering in the carnival.⑩ The government’s programme shows its _______ to moernize the raliway network.Keys: ① Genuine ② Discipline ③ Facilitate ④ Talents ⑤ Motivate 4.Reading Skill (15 minutes) 1) Sorting ideas using a concept map A concept map is a type of graphic organizer that explains the connection between ideas, helping readers organize and structure their thoughts to further understand information and discover new relationships.Most concept maps present a hierarchical

⑥ Appetite ⑦ Dynamic ⑧ Acquires ⑨ Flourished ⑩ ambition structure, with the broad concept first, and connected sub-topics or more specific concepts following.

Readers may sort ideas using a concept map by identifying:  the overall concept, or main idea of the paage  the sub-topics, or more specific concepts  the connection between the ideas and the logic in information organization 2) Text Organization Main idea: In this text, the author disagrees with Michael Gove’s plans for the national curriculum and illustrates creativity in his own way.

5.Word formation 1) \"Claifier + Noun\" Construction In English different nouns usually go with different claifier, though some claifiers can go with different nouns with differences in meaning, as shown in the box on the next slide.This is quite different in Chinese, where a claifier can be used with many different nouns, as in the case of \"群\".More examples: a chain of accidents (一连串事件) a piece of furniture (一件家具)

2) Compound adjectives Compound adjectives are adjectives that are composed of more than a single word.They are usually formed with the use of a hyphen: e.g.long-term, Oscar-winning, high-performing.Compound adjectives are more of a compact way to modify a head noun than an attributive clause.In formal writing, compound adjectives are sometimes used in succeion before a noun to add impact to the description.Compound adjectives are useful for expreing new complex concepts and will make language structures simpler and easier to use.

6.Writing

1) Writing a definition paragraph A definition paragraph explains what a term means, and shares ideas and knowledge by giving facts and information.The writer‘s purpose is to increase readers’ knowledge, and to increase comprehension of a concept or a subject.When writing a definition paragraph, you should:  introduce the term being defined  present the unique information or facts about the term  explain the functions and relationships the term carries When providing definitions to develop and explain the topic, you need to:  study the characteristics of the term  find out the category the term falls into  figure out its functions which differentiate it from other terms  sort out its relationships with other terms 2) Expreions for definition

7.Homework (1 minute) 1) Exercises in the textbook 2) A composition 8.Time for Questions (4 minutes) Ⅳ.Teaching Methods  Communicative Approach  Leaner-centered Teaching  Task-based Learning  Translation Method  Multimedia Approach Ⅴ.Blackboard Design (3 minutes)

Ⅵ Conclusion

Ⅶ Homework Review what we have learned and employ the reading skill to do Reading Comprehension part on P10.Ⅷ After-cla Reflection

推荐第4篇：B1U4 新视野大学英语教案

新视野大学英语读写教程 New Horizon College English

B1U4

Unit 4 Heroes of our time

I.Teaching objectives

By the end of the cla, the students are supposed to: Talk about heroism; Understand the text fully; Apply the phrases and patterns; Understand the question-example-conclusion pattern and master the paragraph writing skill.II.Teaching method: task-based approach III.Time allotment：3 hours IV.Teaching content:

1.Lead in

a.Group discuion To help students to understand the concept of heroism, they are required to answer the question “Who is the greatest hero in your mind? And Why?”, “What makes a hero in your eyes?” The group members are encouraged to present their opinions.Then the teacher will help to summarize the some basic qualities of a hero such as a good heart, the readine to lend a hand to people in trouble, the courage to risk his own life to help others in danger, and the determination to fight for his own country and people.b.Brain-storming

Interacting with students by asking them to think of words about hero as a way to lead in some important words.c.Pre-reading activities (page 90) 2.Understanding the main idea of Text A

a.Skinning and scanning

Task 1: students are required to mark names and words concerning time and place while scanning.This will help them to notice stories that have been used as examples to illustrate the concept of hero.

Task 2: students are also required to mark questions put forwarded by the author and try to find answers to these questions while scanning.b.Comprehension Qs (page 98) 3.Detailed study of Text A

A.Key Words advocate n.

[C] sb.who publicly supports sb.or sth.提倡者；拥护者；鼓吹者

He was regarded as a strong advocate for a variety of educational improvements.他被认为是多种教育改进措施的强烈支持者。 vt.

publicly say that sth.should be done 主张；拥护；鼓吹

The economic policies the government advocated quickened the decline of the tourist industry.政府主张的经济政策加速了旅游业的衰退。

1 新视野大学英语读写教程 New Horizon College English

B1U4 involve vt.

1 include or affect sb.or sth.涉及；影响

The accident last night involved five cars, causing the death of six people.昨晚那场事故涉及5辆汽车，造成6人死亡。

2 include sth.as a neceary part of an activity, event, or situation 包含；需要

Administrative positions often involve doing a lot of paperwork, such as budget reports and staff evaluations.管理岗位常常需要做许多文书工作，例如做预算报告和进行员工评估。 3 encourage or allow sb.to take part in sth.鼓励…参与；允许…参加

Our aim is to involve more parents in their children’s education through online education programs.我们的目的是通过网上教育节目让更多的家长参与孩子的教育。

At our meeting, we should not involve ourselves in arguments; instead we should try to solve our problems.我们在会上不应该陷入争论，而应该试着解决问题。

confine vt.

1 keep sb.in a place that they cannot leave, such as a prison 监禁；禁闭

The criminal was caught and confined to prison for two years.那名罪犯被捕了，并在监狱里关了两年。 2 if sth.is confined to one area or group of people, it happens only in that area or affect only that group of people 使局限于

The risk of infection is confined to relatively small groups.感染的危险只局限于较小的人群。 respond vi.

do sth.as a reaction to sth.that has been said or done 作出反应；回应

The fire department responded to the call within minutes.几分钟之内消防部门就对报警电话作出了反应。

subsequent a.

(fml.) happening or coming after sth.else 随后的；继…之后的

Fires and floods subsequent to an earthquake often cause greater damage.地震后继发的火灾和洪水往往会造成更大的破坏。

These skills were paed on to subsequent generations.这些技能被一代代传了下去。

distinct a.

1 (usu.before noun) definite and obvious 确实的；显著的

After the principal talked with her, there was a distinct change in her attitude.校长和她谈过话后，她的态度有了明显的转变。

2 separate and different in a way that is clear 有区别的；不同的；单独的

The region’s linguistic and cultural identity is quite distinct from that of the rest of the country.该地区的语言和文化特征与该国的其他地区大不相同。

3 able to be clearly seen, heard, smelt, or tasted 清晰的；清楚的；明显的 The outline of the ship became more distinct.船的轮廓变得更加清晰了。

2 新视野大学英语读写教程 New Horizon College English

B1U4 intense a.

having a very strong effect or felt very strongly 剧烈的；强烈的

It is not scientific for a normally inactive person to start a program of intense exercise suddenly.一个平时不活动的人突然开始进行高强度的锻炼，这是不科学的。

Every car was stopped and searched, which caused intense annoyance among the drivers.每辆车都被拦下搜查，这引起司机们的强烈不满。

fulfill

vt.(BrE fulfil)

1 do or provide what is neceary or needed 履行；执行；符合

The public did not have confidence that the company would fulfill its promise.公众不相信这家公司会履行其诺言。

2 achieve sth.that you wanted to do, or get sth.you hoped for 实现；达到

After 10 years of hard work, Joey fulfilled his dream as a movie director.经过10年的奋斗，乔伊终于实现了自己的梦想，成为了一名电影导演。

circumstance n.

[C, usu.pl.] the conditions that affect a situation, action, event, etc.情况；情形

We have been told that under no circumstances may we use the telephone in the office for personal affairs.我们被告知，无论什么情况下都不得使用办公室的电话办私事。

reconcile vt.

find a way to make ideas, beliefs, needs, etc.that are opposed to each other capable of existing together 调和；调解

We suggest that it is poible to reconcile these apparently opposing perspectives.我们认为这些看似对立的观点是可以相互统一的。 v.

if you reconcile two people or groups or they reconcile, they become friendly again after a disagreement （使）和解；（使）恢复友好关系

The little boy does not readily reconcile with his elder sister.那个小男孩还不愿意和他姐姐讲和。

My elder brother and I were finally reconciled with each other after not speaking for over five years.我和我哥有五年多不说话，最后我们和好了。

victim n.

[C] sb.who has been attacked, robbed, or murdered 受害者；牺牲者

The local government is raising money to help the victims of the earthquake.当地政府正在筹资帮助地震受害者。

survivor n.

[C] sb.who continues to live after an accident, war, or illne 生还者；幸存者

The police are searching for survivors of the plane crash.警方正在搜寻飞机失事的幸存者。

3 新视野大学英语读写教程 New Horizon College English

B1U4 aociate n.

[C] sb.who you work or do busine with 同事；（生意）伙伴

He is not a friend but an aociate; we work in the same department.他不是朋友，只是同事，我们在同一部门工作。 vt.

make a connection in your mind between one thing or person and another 联想；联系

Nowadays, most people aociate this brand with good quality.如今，大多数人将这一品牌与高品质联系起来。 shield vt.

protect sb.or sth.from being harmed or damaged 保护；保卫

You need an experienced lawyer to shield your rights and interests.你需要一位经验丰富的律师来保护你的权益。 n.

[C] a large piece of metal or leather that soldiers used in the past to protect themselves when fighting 盾；盾牌

The soldier’s shield saved him from being killed by his enemy.那个士兵的盾保护他免遭敌人杀害。

B.Phrases and Expreions in the words of sb./in sb.’s words

as sb.says or writes 用某人的话来说

Michael and his sister went to the concert, and in the words of his sister, it was a night to remember.迈克尔和他姐姐一起去了音乐会，用他姐姐的话来说，那是难忘的一夜。

count on

depend on sb.or sth., esp.in a difficult situation 依靠；指望

Martin is a capable person whom you can always count on in a crisis.马丁是个能干的人，在遇到危机时你总能依靠他。

make sense of sth.understand sth., esp.sth.difficult or complicated 理解，弄懂某事（尤指困难或复杂的事）

The teacher had such a strong accent that none of us could make sense of what he was saying.那位老师的口音很重，所以我们谁都不明白他在说些什么。

reserve sth.for sb./sth.keep sth.so that it can be used by a particular person or for a particular purpose 保留；预留 If you get there early, please reserve a seat for me.如果你到得早，请帮我留个位子。

You cannot park here; these parking places are reserved for the disabled.你不能在这里停车。这些停车位是专门留给残疾人士的。

4 新视野大学英语读写教程 New Horizon College English

B1U4 shield sb./sth.from sb./sth.protect sb.or sth.from being harmed or damaged by sb.or sth.使…免受

He tries his best to shield his children from the pre.他尽力保护自己的孩子避开媒体的关注。 call on formally ask sb.to do sth.呼吁；号召

The trade union called on the workers to go on strike unle the management agreed to give them a raise.工会呼吁工人们罢工，除非管理层同意给他们加薪。

sum up give the main information in a report, speech, etc.in a short statement at the end 概括；总结；概述 I can’ t sum up his whole philosophy in one sentence.我无法用一句话概括他的全部哲理。

relate to sth./sb.

be able to understand a situation or the way sb.feels and thinks 理解；认同

Sam gave up his profeion as a doctor.I found it really hard to relate to him.山姆放弃了他的医生职业。我觉得很难理解他。

I know he was very disappointed when his application was rejected.I can relate to that.我知道他的申请被拒绝后他很失望。我能理解他的感受。

in need not having enough food, money, clothing, or other things that are neceary for life 在困难时；在贫困之中 A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。

The charity aims to provide aistance to people in need.这个慈善机构试图向贫困者提供帮助。 be/get caught up in sth.become involved in sth., esp.when you do not want to be 被卷入；陷入

Innocent paersby got caught up in the riot.无辜的路人被卷入了那场*。 give one’s life

die in order to save other people or because of a strong belief 捐躯；牺牲

Many people are willing to give their lives for the great cause of their country.很多人愿意为自己祖国的伟大事业献出自己的生命。

ring out produce a loud clear sound 发出响亮的声音

\"Crack!\" - A gunshot rang out, shocking everyone in the square.“啪！”响起一声响亮的枪声，把广场上的人都惊呆了。

with (good/a good) grace

in a pleasant and willing way 有风度地；情愿地

John failed in the competition, but he accepted he failure with grace.约翰在比赛中输了，但是他心平气和地接受了失败。

C.Sentence Structures

5 新视野大学英语读写教程 New Horizon College English

B1U4 It used to be that …用于表达“过去的某一习惯或情况现在已不存在”，表示与目前习惯或情况有所不同。

Sb./Sth.is ….So is sb./sth.else/So are some other people/some other things用于表达“人或事物之间的相似之处”

Sb.do sth., especially when….用于表达“某人最有可能做某事的一种条件”。

Sb.do sth.by….Perhaps, even more importantly, sb.do sth.by… 用于表达“对某人而言更为重要的行为方式”。

D.Paraphrases 1. In an era of heightened heroism, the word hero has become more common.(Para.1) Meaning: In a time when there is an increasing number of impreive actions of great courage, the word hero has been used more frequently.2. At the memorial service, the priest said: “Dory didn’t die a hero; he lived a hero.” (Para.3)

Meaning beyond words: By saying “Dory didn’t die a hero; he lived a hero”, the priest meant that Dory was a hero all through his life; he became a hero not just because he died in a brave way.

memorial service: n.[C] a service done or made in order to remind people of sb.who has died

3. Long known for his remarkable spirit and love of humanity, Dory Stoddard died as he had always lived, aisting others.(Para.3) Meaning: Dory Stoddard had always been known for his noble spirit and his love toward other people.He had always helped others when he was alive, and he died when he was helping others.4. He made the choice not to be bitter, and worked hard as South Africa’s first black president to establish harmony and helped society reconcile its conflicted past.(Para.7) Meaning: he didn’t complain about the past.Instead, he, as South Africa’s first black president, worked hard to build a country in which people could live and work together peacefully.There had been disagreement among different groups of people in South Africa, but he helped to bring them to accept each other.

E.Translation 1.

It used to be that the word hero was reserved for those who performed acts of distinct courage beyond the call of duty.在过去，“英雄”一词仅限于称呼那些做出超乎职责范围的特别英勇的行为的人们。

A soldier who runs through gunfire to rescue other military personnel is seen as a hero.So are larger-than-life leaders such as Nelson Mandela, who emerged after 27 years of jail, confined in a solitary chamber.一位战士冒着枪林弹雨去抢救其他战友，他就被看作英雄。同样，与众不同的伟大领袖人物也是英雄，比如纳尔逊· 曼德拉，他被囚禁于单人牢房中27年，出狱后东山再起。

We count on first responders to rush toward danger, especially when it involves us or those we love.我们指望应急人员冲向危险，尤其是当我们自身或我们所爱的人身处险境时。

We honor the fireman, the policeman, and the average citizen by recognizing their heroism.Perhaps, even more importantly, we honor them by working to change the circumstances that led to their death.我们向消防队员、警察和普通平民致敬，赞扬其英雄精神。也许，甚至更为重要的是，我们要通过努力改变让他们遭遇不幸的环境，以此来纪念他们。

4.Structure analysis of the text

6 新视野大学英语读写教程 New Horizon College English

B1U4 Text A is typically an organization pattern of question-example-conclusion.A question is put forward first, and then one or more examples are used to illustrate the viewpoints.Sometimes, based on the example(s), a conclusion is drawn, serving as the answer to the question raised at the beginning.In Text A, in order to make a point clear, the author raises a question first, and then provides one or more examples to illustrate the point.Finally, a conclusion is made as a generalized answer to the question.Part One is Paragraph 1.Part Two consists of Paragraphs 2-4.Part Three includes Paragraphs 5-12.Part Four is the last paragraph—Paragraph 13.

5.Summary

Text A is an eay on people’s view about what makes a hero.It is pointed out that in the past the word “hero” was reserved for those who performed acts of courage beyond the call of duty or for great leaders, while today heroes can be ordinary people like us.Besides, first responders, whose duty is to rush toward danger, are also heroes, even when their efforts failed to bring about desirable effects.Hopefully, we will also act heroically when circumstances call on us.

V.Homework

All the exercises are to be done by the students after cla as homework and answers are to be checked in the next cla.

推荐第5篇：Unit_9_新视野大学英语教案

Unit 9 Section A

College Succe Made Easy

I.Warm-up Activity 1.Topic Discuion

i.Student’s Discuion

1) What kind of student could be learnt from as an excellent /outstanding/ a succeful/model student? ― He/she should be a challenging/hard working/concerning and helping others and being succeful in the examinations.2)What is your attitude /reflection to the event when you are slow /behind in your work/studies but your friend succeed in everything he/she does ? ― I’m jealous of him/her. ― I’m envious of him/her.― I’m angry with myself/the one who succeeded in his /her work/examinations.― I’m happy with the event and determined to learn from him/her.

ii.Teacher’s Summary Alright, that’s all for the discuion.I’m convinced that if you study hard and learn from others you will discover more good methods or means and employ them to improve your studies and you can also become one of the best students in your cla.

2.Questions on the Topic and the Paage 1) Are you the best student in your cla? No I’m not.But who is ? Li Ming/Liu Fang… is.2) Li Ming could you tell us what methods /approach/secret arms do you use to get /gain the crown? ― Hard working ― Having a good planning to manage time and work hard; ― He always studies even during the weekend….3) What is the specific meaning of the word “tip”? Can you gue/try? ― The general meaning: a small amount of money given as a gift for a small service performed.― The specific meaning: a helpful piece of advice.eg.Thanks for your tip on how to solve/deal with this problem.

4) How many tips/pieces of advice are given to help you to become a top student in the paage? ― 3 tips/3 pieces of advice.5) What are they? ― Handing in homework on time ― Challenging and overcoming the difficulties in your work/studies.― Becoming a good test taker.6) How do you think about the three tips？Are they useful for you or not? ― They are very useful for me.II. Background Information Paage A 1.Education systems Schooling occurs when society or a group or an individual sets up a curriculum to educate people, usually the young.Schooling can become systematic and thorough.Sometimes education systems can be used to promote doctrines or ideals as well as knowledge, and this can lead to abuse of the system. 2.Primary education Primary or elementary education consists of the first years of formal, structured education that occur during childhood.In most countries, it is compulsory for children to receive primary education.Primary education generally begins when children are four to eight years of age.The division between primary and secondary education is somewhat arbitrary, but it generally occurs at about eleven or twelve years of age (adolescence); some educational systems have separate middle schools with the transition to the final stage of secondary education taking place at around the age of fourteen.In the United Kingdom, Ireland, New Zealand, Australia, South Africa, etc., schools which provide primary education are referred to as primary schools.Primary schools in these countries are often subdivided into infant schools and junior schools. 3.Secondary education In most contemporary educational systems of the world, secondary education consists of the second years of formal education that occur during adolescence.It is characterized by transition from the typically compulsory, comprehensive primary education for minors to the optional, selective tertiary, \"post-secondary\", or \"higher\" education (e.g., university, vocational school) for adults.The exact boundary between primary and secondary education varies from country to country and even within them, but is generally around the seventh to the tenth year of education.Secondary education occurs mainly during the teenage years.The purpose of secondary education can be to give common knowledge, to prepare for either higher education or vocational education, or to train directly to a profeion. 4.Higher education

Higher education, also called tertiary, third stage or post secondary education, often known as academia, is the non-compulsory educational level following the completion of a school providing a secondary education, such as a high school, secondary school, or gymnasium.Tertiary education is normally taken to include undergraduate and postgraduate education, as well as vocational education and training.Colleges and universities are the main institutions that provide tertiary education.Tertiary education generally results in the receipt of certificates, diplomas, or academic degrees.Higher education includes teaching, research and social services activities of universities, and within the realm of teaching, it includes both the undergraduate level (sometimes referred to as tertiary education) and the graduate (or postgraduate) level (sometimes referred to as graduate school).In most developed countries a high proportion of the population (up to 50%) now enter higher education at some time in their lives.Higher education is therefore very important to national economies, both as a significant industry in its own right, and as a source of trained and educated personnel for the rest of the economy. 5.Adult education Lifelong, or adult, education has become widespread in many countries.However, education is still seen by many as something aimed at children, and adult education is often branded as adult learning or lifelong learning.Adult education takes on many forms, from formal cla-based learning to self-directed learning.Lending libraries provide inexpensive informal acce to books and other self-instructional materials.The rise in computer ownership and internet acce has given both adults and children greater acce to both formal and informal education.

Paage B 1.Choose a major at American universities

Students can either select a major or declare themselves undecided at the time when they submit an application for admiion into American universities or colleges.In fact, they can remain undecided till the end of their first or at some schools even second year of study.2.Jacqueline Susann

Jacqueline Susann (1918—1974) was an American author known for her ma-appeal novels.Despite a le than spectacular career as an actre, singer, and playwright, she never lost confidence in herself.Bleed with sensual looks and unbounded confidence, Susann went from unknown to the best-selling author of the 1960s.Her most notable book was Valley of the Dolls, a book that broke sales records and spawned a movie and a TV series.Her other novels include The Love Machine and Once Is Not Enough.

III.Text Structure Analysis This paage presents some tips on how to make college succe.In this paage, we find some paragraphs of similar structure, that is, paragraphs of a topic is supported by details.Take paragraph 6 as an example.The topic sentence is about good test taking.Then the author gives some suggestions about good test taking: read the whole test quickly; focus the attention on the material they know best; answering questions quickly; handle difficult questions.

The global structure of the whole paage is different from the paragraph structure.Generally, this paage can be divided into 5 parts.Part 1 (Para.1): This paragraph tells us the general situation of the eay: no matter how many students a profeor may have, there is always one special student who can answer the profeor’s difficult questions and turn in his aignment on time without mistakes.Part 2 (Para.2): This paragraph first tells us the angry feelings of other students toward the top student and then leads us to the question: why can’t I be the special one ? This question leads the readers to read on the paage and to find solutions.Part 3(Para.3): This paragraph is a transitional part.It serves as the general introduction of the following paragraphs.The author of the paage has analyzed the difference between the top student and the others and come up with some tips to make college succe.Part 4(Para.4-6): These three paragraphs offer three tips for students to improve their performance at school.The first tip is not to get behind in the learning schedule.The second tip is when you have a lot to do, do what’s most difficult first; when what you have to do is equally hard or easy, leave whatever you like best until the end.The third tip is about good test taking.Do what you know first and leave the difficult ones later.Part 5 (Para.7 ): The last paragraph servers as a conclusion.The author just gives us three tips to succeful learning.If every student learns from others, employs others’ learning method, he is sure to improve his performance at school and becomes the special one.IV.Structured Writing

Paragraphs of a Topic Supported by Details

In this eay, we find some paragraphs of a topic supported by details.This is one of the most common ways to organize one’s writing.After careful reading of paragraph 6, we can see it has a topic sentence, which is followed by details and then by a conclusion.At first, the author tells us good test takers do not plow through tests without cease.Then detailed suggestions about good test taking are given to support the topic: first, read the whole test quickly; second, focus the attention on the materials they know best; third, handle difficult questions.Finally, a conclusion is offered: this test taking method is likely to profit you.

(Turn to P.215 and do the Exercise XI.Now fill in the same kind of chart for paragraph 4, identifying the details and the conclusion.)

Students can finish Exercise XII as an aignment.They can choose a topic and write a paragraph of the topic supported by details.In this way, students can be familiar with the writing skill.

V. Detailed Study of the Text Words & Phrases Study 1.fantastic

a.（infml 口）marvelous; excellent极好的；极出色的

She’s a fantastic swimmer.她游泳游的非常棒。

You’ve paed your test? Fantastic! 你测验及格了？太棒了！ [扩展] fantastically ad.

You did fantastically well in the exam.你考得非常好。 2.error

n. [C,U] thing done wrongly; mistake

There are spelling errors in the first sentence.第一句话中有拼写错误。

The letter was sent to you in error.此信误送给你了。 [同义辨析] error, mistake, fault

这几个词都有把某种东西做错，说错等的含义。error和 mistake 在许多情况下都可以互换。

error n.指“背离了真理，不够准确，不大正确”等,因此在这几个词中它的意义最广泛。

She made an error in her calculations.她计算上出了个差错。

Grievous errors can sometimes be made as a result of ignorance.严重的错误有时会由于无知而造成。

mistake n.指“因疏忽，不注意或误解而造成的过错”。对它的批评口气没有对error 重，因而日常生活中常见的过错多用此词。

It’s a mistake to let a baby eat chocolate.给婴儿吃巧克力是不对的。

There are only a few spelling mistakes in the composition.那篇作文中只有几个拼写错误。注意下列例句：

1) They are in error.他们弄错了。（此处不能用mistake） 2) It was an error of judgment.那是个判断上的错误。（此处不能用mistake） 3) He took my spectacles by mistake.他错拿了我的眼镜。（此处不能用error） 4) It’s going to rain and no mistake.没错，要下雨了。（此处不能用error） fault n.指“过失的责任”，有时有“挑错”的含义。它可表示不完善的效果或性格上的弱点。

She finds fault with everything I do.我干的事她都要吹毛求疵。

Her only fault is being too proud.她唯一的缺点是太骄傲了。 3.whatsoever

ad. used to emphasize a negative statement 任何；丝毫

There can be no doubt whatsoever about it.这件事毫无疑问。

Are there any signs of improvement? None whatsoever.有改进的迹象吗？一点都没有。

No rules whatsoever have prescribed that the students cannot smoke on campus.从没有规定学生不能在校园里吸烟。

4.arouse

vt.1）cause an emotion 引起；激起

Her strange behavior aroused our suspicions.她不寻常的举动引起我们的猜疑。 He succeeded in arousing the nation’s sympathy.他已经激发了全民的同情。

2）wake sb.up 唤醒（arouse sb.from sth.）

He was aroused from his nap by the doorbell.他午睡时被门铃吵醒。

Sleeping beauty was aroused from her long sleep by the ki from the brave prince.睡美人被勇敢的王子用吻从沉睡中唤醒。 5.magnificent

a.very good or beautiful, and very impreive 出色的；壮丽的；宏伟的

The Louvre Museum is a magnificent Renaiance palace.卢浮宫博物馆是一座文艺复兴时期的宏伟宫殿。

Her magnificent generosity gave me a deep impreion.她那豪爽的慷慨给我留下了深刻的印象。 6.remarkable

a. worthy of attention; unusual 值得注意的，显著的

Tom is a boy who is remarkable for his stupidity.汤姆是一个笨的出奇的男

孩。

Beijing Olympic is a remarkable event in 2008.北京奥运会是2008年一件

引人瞩目的事件。

What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed

over the centuries but how much they have remained the same.有关玩具的历史之所以非同寻常，不是因为几个世纪以来它们有多少变化，而是如何在如此长的时间内保持不变。（CET-4，99.6） [扩展] be remarkable for sth.以„„著称/引人注目

a remarkable change 显著的变化

make oneself too remarkable （使自己）锋芒毕露

remark v.谈起，说 n.谈话，评论

remarkably ad.不同寻常地 7.schoolwork

n. [U] work that students do for school or in claes 作业

Students do not like too much schoolwork in such a short cla.学生们不喜欢

在短短的一节课上做太多的作业。 8.ease

n. [U] ability to do sth.easily 容易，不费力

The injection brought him immediate ease.他经注射后疼痛顿消。

Their help enabled me to finish the work with ease.他们的帮助使我能够顺

利地完成工作。

vt. make sth.le painful or severe 减轻；缓解

The aspirins eased my headache.阿司匹林使我头疼减轻。

Talking eased his anxiety.那一番谈话打消了他的顾虑。 [扩展]

ease sb.of sth.消除某人的痛苦

take one’s ease 不再忧虑

with ease

容易地，无困难地

（be/ feel）at (one’s) ease 感到舒适而无忧虑 9.devil

n. [C] （used for emphasis）a person ,esp.one who is annoying 家伙；人

The poor devil! 多可怜的家伙！

Which silly devil left the fire on all day? 是哪个笨蛋没将炉火熄掉，烧了这

一整天？

[扩展] devil n.魔鬼；撒旦，鬼怪

The Devil tempted Adam and Eve.魔鬼诱惑了亚当和夏娃。

He believes in devils and witches.他相信魔鬼、巫婆这类事。 10.factor

n. [C] one of the things that help to produce a result 因素

Endurance is an important factor of succe in sports.耐力是运动中取得成

功的重要因素。

Biological factors are le important to the organism than cultural factors to

man.文化因素对于人的重要性比生物因素对于有机体的重要性更强。

（CET-4，96.1） 11.outstanding

a.extremely good 优秀的；突出的

Einstein was an outstanding scientist.爱因斯坦是位杰出的科学家。

The Cats Musical, which I have seen in London, is an outstanding musical performance.我在伦敦看的音乐剧《猫》是一场优秀的音乐剧演出。 12.infinite

very great, and seeming to have no limit 极大的；无限的

A teacher must be capable of infinite patience.教师必须具有极强的耐心。

（CET-4，03.6）

Students can get acce to an infinite variety of books in the school library.

学生们可以在校图书馆借阅到大量各类图书。 13.infinitely

ad. very much, used esp.when comparing things 极其；非常

The deep expanse of space spreads infinitely in all directions.深邃的外层

空间向各个方向无限的延伸。

Wives tend to believe that their husbands are infinitely resourceful and versatile.妻子倾向于认为丈夫足智多谋、多才多艺。 14.accomplish vt. succeed in doing sth.完成

Should we work together, we shall absolutely accomplish our common goal.

倘若通力合作，我们绝对会实现共同的目标。

One can only teach people to use this or that program and generally that is easily accomplished.只能教人使用这种或那种程序，而且这通常很容易做到。（CET-4, 98.6）

[同义辨析] accomplish, complete, finish 这三个词都有“完成”的意思。

accomplish 通常接task, aim, journey, voyage等名词，有时兼有达成（效果）之

意。如： The explorers accomplished the voyage in five weeks.探险队在五周内完成了航程。

You should accomplish the task within the allowed time.你们必须在规定时间内完成这项任务。 complete 比accomplish 具体，可接建筑，工程，书籍等名词，表示经过进一步

的努力按预期目标把未完成的工作完成，主要涵义是补足缺少的部分。如： The building will be completed by the end of this month. 这座楼将于本月底竣工。

I only need one volume to complete my set of Dickens’s novels.

我那套狄更斯小说只差一卷就能配齐了。

finish 在很多情况下可以和complete 换用但不及complete 正式。

Can he finish the task? 他能完成这项任务吗？ We finish work at 6:00.我们六点下班。 15.accomplished a.good or skillful at sth.熟练的；有才艺的

She was an accomplished movie director.她是个成功的电影导演。

Today I accomplished zero.今天我一事无成。 16.miion

n.1）[C] an important task that sb.has been given to do 任务，使命

Mr.Long’s briefing was not relevant to the miion.郎先生的指示与此次任务无关。（CET-4，02.1）

Some soldiers were sent to a military miion to Iraq.一些士兵被派往伊拉克执行一项军事任务。

2）[C] sth.that one feels one must do 职责

Her miion in life was to work with homele.她人生的使命就是和无家可归者一起工作。

He regards it as his miion to help the cause of world peace.他把促进世界和平事业看作自己的天职。

17.investigate

vt. examine a crime, problem, etc.carefully, esp.to discover the truth

调查；审查

Many a delegate was in favor of his proposal that a special committee be set

up to investigate the incident.他提议成立一个特别委员会来调查该事件，许多代表对此表示赞同。（CET-4, 02.1）

The police are investigating the cause of a terrible traffic accident which killed

over 10 persons.警察正在调查一起造成十余人死亡的恶性交通事故。 [扩展]

investigate a crime/ problem/ incident/ the cause of a matter

调查罪案/问题/事件/原因

investigation n.调查；审查

investigator n.调查者 18.mysterious

full of mystery; not easy to understand 神秘的；难以理解的

He’s being very mysterious about what his work is.对于他从事的工作，他态

度十分诡秘。

[扩展] mysteriously ad.神秘地，难以理解地

mysteriousne n.神秘，诡秘 19.analysis n. [C, U] a careful examination of sth.分析

Each chapter of the book is an analysis of a well-known painting.书的每一

章就是一幅名画的分析介绍。

The aignment asks them to weave the ma of questionnaire results into a readable and informative analysis.作业要求他们将一大批通过问卷调查所得的结果编成一份读来有趣资料丰富的分析报告。 20.peak

n. [C] the highest point or level 最高点；高峰

His career is at its peak now.他的事业现在处于鼎盛时期。

Membership was already near its peak.会员人数已接近最高值。 [扩展] be at the peak of one’s life 处于一生之巅峰期 21.excellence n. [U] the quality of being extremely good 优秀；卓越；杰出

He established excellence at the magazine.他在杂志编辑上有杰出成就。

The firm is a byword for excellence.这家商号是优质的保证。 22.credit n. 1) [C] a succefully completed part of a course at a university or college 学分

Freshman composition is a 3-credit course.大学一年级的作文课是一门三学

分课程。

It takes 124 credits to graduate.毕业须修满124个学分。

2) [U] belief or trust in the truth or rightne of sth.信任

I have full credit in your ability to do the job.我完全相信你有能力做这件工

作。

Do not place too much credit in hearsay.不可过于相信道听途说。 [扩展] a man of high credit 极有名望的人

credit account(=[美]charge account) 赊账 credit sales 赊购 credit note 信用票据 letter of credit 信用状 credit card 信用卡

23.responsibility

n. 1) [U] the state of being responsible for sb.or sth.责任

Terrorists have claimed responsibility for yesterday’s bomb attack.恐怖主义

者宣称对昨天的炸弹袭击事件负责。

The captain is absolved from all blame and responsibility for the shipwreck.那

位船长被免除了因船只失事而遭致的非难和罪责。

2) [C] a job or duty that one must do 职责；义务

It’s her responsibility to ensure the project finished on time.她的职责是确保

项目按时完成。

I have increasing personal responsibilities.我的个人负担越来越重了。 [扩展] on one’s own responsibility 自作主张地, 自负全责地

shift the responsibility onto sb.把责任推到某人身上, 嫁祸于人

take full responsibility for 对...负完全责任

take [aume] the responsibility of [for] 负起...的责任

take the responsibility upon oneself 自己承担起责任来 24.amount

n. [C,U] quantity 数；数量

What affects the amount of carbon-14 on the earth? 什么因素影响碳14在地

球上的量？(CET-4, 02.6)

A large amount of money is spent on advertisements every year.每年都要花

费大量金钱在广告上。

vi. (to) equal to; add up to 等于；总计达

Building costs amount to six million dollars.建筑费用总计达600万元。

It all amounts to a lot of hard work.那一切意味着大量的艰苦工作。 [同义辨析] the amount of , the number of

the amount of 与不可数名词搭配，强调量的概念。

The driver was alarmed by the large amount of people swarming onto the bus.公交司机为蜂拥而上的乘客大吃一惊。

The amount of unemployed capital is very large.未被利用的资金数量很大。 the number of 与可数名词搭配，强调数的概念。

They put the number of deaths at 300.他们估计死亡人数有300。

The number of tourists to that place is limited.去那地方旅游的人数有限制。

[扩展] in amount 总之, 结局; 总计

in large (small) amount 大(少)量地, 大(小)批地, 大宗地(小额地) never amount to anything 一事无成

not amount to anything 一事无成

no amount of 怎么(再多)也...不

a large amount of 大量

25.entertain vt.

1) be ready and willing to think about sth.考虑；怀着

I will never entertain the idea of that poorly paid post.我再也不会考虑那个待遇低的职位。

The minister entertained a new solution to the serious problem.部长考虑了一个新方案解决这个严重的问题。

2) do sth.to amuse or interest people 使快乐；给......娱乐

Most children’s television programs aim to educate and entertain at the same time.大多数儿童电视节目旨在教育和娱乐并重。

The child was entertaining himself with his building blocks.孩子在搭积木玩。

[扩展] entertain friends at [to] dinner 招待[请]朋友们吃饭

entertain a proposal 愿意考虑这一建议 entertain an idea 抱着一种想法

entertaining a.使人得到娱乐的；有趣的

entertainer n. 表演者

entertainment n.娱乐；娱乐节目 26.alternative

a. different from sth.else and able to be used instead of it 供选择的

We prepared an alternative plan, in case it rained.我们另准备了一套计划，

以防下雨。

Competitive succe is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based on family background.竞争而获得成功被看作是美国人取代通过家庭背景而获得社会地位的另一条出路。（CET-4, 99.1）

You have no alternative/ choice but to follow my instruction.除了听我指

挥，你别无选择。

n. [C] sth.that can be chosen instead of sth.else 供选择的东西

Her father gave her the alternative of going on to college or starting to work.她父亲让她在上大学继续求学和开始工作之间做出抉择。

To children on vacation from cities, the rugged environment presents exciting alternatives.对于从大城市来度假的儿童说来，这种艰苦的环境提供了令人兴奋的调剂。

[扩展] have no alternative but to do sth.除做……之外别无选择

I had no alternative but to accept the offer.我除了接受该项目提议之外，别无选择。

alternate v.( 使) 轮流，交替 alternation n.轮流

27.irregular

a. not following the usual pattern of grammar 不规则的

She tested the whole cla on irregular verbs.她对全班学生进行不规则动词测验。

It is a bit irregular to promote a man so soon.如此匆匆提升下属有些不正常。

[扩展]

an irregular physician 无照开业的内科医生

irregular troops 非正规军 irregular conduct 不正当行为

an irregular coast line 曲折的海岸线 an irregular verb 不规则(变化的)动词

irregularity n.不规则；不平坦；不合常规

irregularly ad.不规则地

regular ⇒ irregular

28.grant

vt. give sb.sth.给予

Our teacher granted request to every student.我们的老师对学生有求必应。

Faculty members who dedicated themselves to teaching soon discover that they will not be granted tenure, promotion, or substantial salary increases.那些专注于教学的大学教师，不久后发现他们不能得到终身制资格，不能获得提升，也不能享受实实在在的加薪待遇。（CET-6, 99,1）

[C] an amount of money given to sb.for a particular purpose 资助；拨款

The government gave us a grant to build another claroom.政府给了我们

一笔拨款，用来再盖一件教室。

You can get a grant to improve your house.你可以得到一笔拨款来修缮住

房。

[扩展] grant/ granting/ granted that 假定…… 即使……..Granting that what you say is true, it is no excuse.纵然你所说的是真话，但那也不是理由。

grant sb.permiion to do sth.准许某人做……

grant the truth of what sb.says.假定……所说的事实 take it for granted 认为理所当然

29.cease n. [U] stop; end 停止；终止

It seemed that we had walked for days without cease.我们似乎不停地走了好几天。

They worked on without cease.他们不停地干下去。 v.

stop doing sth.or stop happening 停止

At last they ceased working for lack of capital.最后，他们由于缺乏资金而停工了。

The dying man soon ceased to breathe.那个垂死的人不久停止了呼吸。

[扩展]

cease fire

停火

without cease 继续不断地，不停地

ceasele a.不停的

ceaselely ad.不停地 30.concentration

n. [U] the proce of giving all one’s attention to sth.集中精力；专心；专注

The tennis players need total concentration during play.网球运动员在比赛中需要全神贯注。

The drug affects one’s power of concentration.这种药使人精神不能集

[扩展] concentrate v.精神集中，专心致志

concentrate (sth.) (on sth./doing sth) 专心致志于某事物 31.adapt

change one’s behavior or attitude to deal with a new situation (使) 适应

You will soon adapt yourself to this new environment.你很快就会适应这里的新环境。

She adapted herself quickly to the new climate.她很快就适应了这种新气候。

vt.

change sth.for a different purpose 改编；改装

The book has been adapted to the needs of children.这本书是为迎合儿童的需要而改写的。

This machine has been specially adapted for underwater use.这机器是为水下使用而特别改装的。

[同义辨析] adapt, adjust, fit, suit, match

都含―适合‖、―适应‖的意思。

adapt 指―修改或改变以适应新条件‖, 如: You should adapt yourself to the new environment.你应该适应新环境。

These styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes.这些式样均可改动以适应个人不同的爱好。

adjust 指―调整‖、―调节‖使之适应, 如: You can’t see through the telescope until it is adjusted to your eyes.你把望远镜调节到适合你的眼睛之后, 你才看得见。

The body quickly adjusts itself to changes in temperature.身体迅速自行调节以适应气温的变化。

fit 多指―大小适合‖, 引伸为―吻合‖, 如: The shoes adapt me well.这鞋我穿正好。 Her coat fits her exactly.她的大衣很合身。 suit 多指―合乎要求、口味、性格、情况‖, 如: No dish suits all tastes.众口难调。

That color doesn’t suit your complexion.那颜色不适合你的肤色。 match 指―大小、色调、形状、性质等相配或相称‖, 如: A red jacket doesn’t match green trousers.红上衣与绿裤子不相配。 The curtains and the carpets match perfectly.窗帘和地毯十分协调。 [扩展] adapt for 使适合于; 为...改编[改写]

adapt from 根据...改写[改编]

adapt oneself to 使自己适应或习惯于某事

adapt sth.to 使某事物适应或适合 adaptable a.能适应的

adaptation n.适应；适合；改编 adaptive a.适应的

adaptor n. 适配器；改编者

32.weird a. very strange and unusual, and difficult to understand or explain 离奇的，难以理解的

He has some weird ideas.他有一些稀奇古怪的念头。

It’s really weird seeing yourself on television.看到自己上了电视感觉怪怪的。

33.profit

v.be useful or helpful to sb.有益于，有利于

A wise person profits by/from his mistakes.智者从自己的过失中得到教益。

You will gain/get profit from your studies.你将从学习中获益。 n. [C,U] money gained by trade or busine 利润，盈利

Newspaper makes a profit from/out of the advertisements they carry.报纸从其所刊登的广告中获取利益。

There is very little profit in selling newspapers at present.现在卖报纸利润很少。

[扩展] do sth.to one’s profit [with profit] 做某事而得益于

gro [net] profits 毛[纯]利

paper profits 纸上的利润, 实际不存在的利润 reap profits at the expense of others 损人利已 small profits and quick returns 薄利多销 sell sth.at a profit 出售某物而获利 profitability n.盈利 profitable a.有盈利的，有益的 profiteer n.牟取暴利的人，投机商

34.alter

v. change or make sb.or sth.change （常为细微地）（使）改变

These clothes are too large; they must be altered.这些衣服太大，得改改。

The waiter apologized and altered the figure on the bill.侍者道歉并修改了账单上的数字。

[同义辨析] alter, change, vary

这三个词都含有“改变”之意

alter v.指衣服等表面或局部做部分变动，而没有变成另一种事物。

I’ll have to alter the diagram.I’ve made a mistake.我得修改图表,我出了点儿错。

He altered one of the rooms into a bedroom.他把一间屋子改建成了卧室。 change v.指位置、性质、外表、形式或是数量、质量等改变，常与into 连用。

指―使改变的与原物完全不同‖或―使发生以新代旧的变化‖,如: The appearance of the town is quite changed.这个城镇的外观变化颇大。 Most English women change their names when they marry.英国妇女大多因结婚而改姓。

vary v.所指某事物或其部分的改变常为暂时的或反复的。如: It’s better to vary your diet rather than eat the same things all the time.你最好变换一下饮食，不要总吃同样的东西。

The results of the experiment varied wildly.试验结果差异很大。 [扩展]

alter an opinion 改变意见

alter the appearance of 改变……的面貌

alteration n.改变；修改 35.performance n. 1) [C,U] how well or badly a person does a particular job 成绩；表现

Some athletes take drugs to improve their performance.一些运动员为了提高成绩而使用违禁药品。

The overall performance of a college student at school is closely related to his future.大学生在校的整体表现与其未来有密切联系。

2) [C] the act of performing a play, dance, etc.表演

The theater gives two performances a day.这个剧院一天演出两场。

A music performance may take place indoors in a concert hall or outdoors in a field.音乐表演可以在室内的音乐厅也可以在户外的场地上进行。

36.stand out

be much better than others 突出；出色

The real talented is sure to find his day of standing out among the rest.真正有才华的人定会脱颖而出。

If it does ring while you are in the shower, the event will stand out and be remembered.如果你洗澡的时候电话果然响了，那么这件事将浮出水面，并被记住。（CET-4,95.1）

[扩展] stand aside 不做事；退出（竞争）

stand by

袖手旁观

37.no matter how/where/what,etc.used to say that sth.is the same whatever happens 不管怎样（哪里，什么等）

Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we may have done during the day.研究结果表明，不论我们白天可能做过什么事情，每天晚上都有大约两小时在做梦。（CET-4, 99.1）

No matter where the children may travel, they are the concern of their parents.不论游子身在何方，都让父母牵肠挂肚。

38.turn in

give sth..to the person who is in charge 上交

Turn in everything captured.一切缴获要归公。

Turn in your homework, please.请把作业交上来。 39.with ease without any difficulty 容易地，不费力地

He paed the examination with ease.他轻松地通过了考试。

Their help enabled me to finish the work with ease.他们帮助我，使我能够顺利地完成工作。

40.sit back

make no effort to do sth.闲坐着，不做努力

Are you going to sit back and let me do everything? 你打算闲坐着，把所有事都让我干？

They won’t sit back and let you do it alone.他们决不会袖手旁观让你一个人干的。

41.get behind

not do as much as one should have done 拖延

If you don’t keep up with the times, you’ll get left behind.如果你跟不上时代，就会被时代甩在后面。

I’m getting behind (with my work).我（工作）落后了。

42.get sth.out of the way

finish or deal with sth., esp.sth.difficult or unpleasant

完成或处理某事

Let me get these letters out of the way before dinner.让我在晚饭前把这

些信件处理完毕。

Get the boy out of the way for a few minutes while I wrap his present.我在给男孩包礼物时，把他引开几分钟。

43.strike sb.as sth.

give sb.a particular opinion or feeling 给某人某种感觉或印

象

He has always struck me as an honest worker.他给我的印象是个老实的

工人。

The idea at first struck me as stupid, but now I think it is a good one.开始我觉得这想法很愚蠢，可现在认为还不错。

44.have to do with

be connected with sb.or sth.与……有关

Do you have something to do with this group? 你和这个集团有关系吗？

You do not have to worry, since you have nothing to do with this affair.既然你与这件事没关系，你就不必担心。

45.plow through

finish sth.that is difficult or boring 艰难地完成

He plowed his way through the crowd.他费力地穿过人群。

He plowed through his exam.他费力地通过了考试。

46.adapt to

change one’s behavior or attitude so as to be used to sth.new (使适

应)

You will soon adapt yourself to this new environment.你很快就会适应这里的新环境。

She adapted herself quickly to the new climate.她很快就适应了这种新气

候。

Language Points 1.Whatever the number, there’s usually one student from the group that stands out as being special, fantastic even.(Para.1)

Meaning: It doesn’t matter what the number of the students will be; there is usually one student who is much better than other students as being special and even extremely good.2.No matter how difficult a profeor’s question, that one special student seems to know the answer.(Para.1) No matter how/whether/what/when, etc.: used to say that something is the same whatever happens 无论……

No matter how hard he tried, he simply could not work the problem out.不管怎么努力，他就是解答不出这道题。

No matter what your age, you can lose weight by following this program.无论你多大年龄，只要按照这个计划行事，体重就能减下去。

3．…that one special student is able to turn in his aignment on time and without a single error whatsoever.(Para.1)

Meaning: …the excellent student is always able to finish and hand in his homework on time without any mistake.4.Surely, you know a student like this.Poibly he arouses in you feelings of anger.(Para.2)

Meaning: Of course, you must know a student like this.He might make you feel angry.5.Surely, it’d be magnificent to be like this person, but since it’s not you who is doing so well, posting remarkable grades and completing schoolwork with such ease, feelings of anger build and build.(Para.2)

Meaning: Of course, it would be wonderful to become a person like this one.But because you are not the person doing so well, and you are not getting good grades, and you are unable to finish your homework easily, then your angry feelings increase gradually.6.As a university student, I’m very interested in what factors separate outstanding students from ones infinitely le accomplished.(Para.3)

Meaning: As a university student, I’m very interested in what makes the difference between excellent students and hopele students.7.Instead of sitting back and hating succeful students, I made it my miion to investigate the mysterious causes of their greatne.(Para.3)

Meaning: I did not sit back and hate succeful students; I went to find out the secrets of their succe as my important task.8.And the fruit of my analysis, after speaking to many top students and their profeors, is a group of tips that anyone can use to awaken greatne up within himself and reach new peaks of excellence.(Para.3)

Meaning: After talking with many top students and their teachers, the result of my analysis gives us some suggestions that anyone can use to become great and achieve much.9.The first tip is: don’t get behind.The problem of studying, hard enough to start with, becomes almost impoible when you are trying to do three weeks’ work in one weekend.(Para.4)

Meaning: The first suggestion is not to get behind of the learning schedule.Studying is difficult enough, but it is even harder if you have to do the work of three weeks in a single weekend.10.And if you are behind in written work that must be turned in, the teacher who accepts it late will probably not give you full credit.(Para.4)

Meaning: If you are behind the time schedule in handing in your written work, the teacher who accepts your work late would probably not give you full score.11.Little room is given to students that are not able to manage their work and time.( Para.4)

Meaning: There will be no chance for those who are unable to manage their time and work appropriately.12.Entertain an alternative plan! (Para.5)

Meaning: Just consider another choice! 13.There will be more desire at half past eleven to read a political science article that sounded really interesting that to begin trying to study French irregular verbs, a neceary talk that strikes you as pretty dull.(Para.5)

Meaning: It is very likely that at half past eleven people prefer to read an interesting political science article rather than study French irregular verbs, a compulsory task that seems dull to you.14.Doing fun work may feel like you’re granting yourself a present after doing hard work.(Para.5)

Meaning: You may feel that doing fun work is just like you are rewarding yourself with a present after completing hard work.

15.The best test takers don’t plow through their tests without cease, answering one question after the next as it comes.(Para.6)

Meaning: The best test takers take efforts to go through the tests from beginning to end with neceary stops.16.Second, they focus their attention, keeping their concentration on the material they know best, answering quickly because they are confident.(Para.6)

Meaning: Then, they gave a lot of attention to and concentrated their efforts on what they know best and answered questions quickly as they are full of confidence.17.Adapting yourself to this method of test taking might seem weird to you, but it’s likely to profit you.(Para.6)

Meaning: To make yourself become accustomed to this method of taking a test might appear strange and unusual to you, but it is likely you can benefit from it.18.Here are but three tips to greater succe at school.(Para.7)

Meaning: These are only three tips that will help you succeed in school learning.19.Should you ask succeful students around you, you will discover more tips.(Para.7)

Meaning: If you ask succeful students around you, you will find out more pieces of advice.20.Learn from others, and employ their methods to alter your own studying, and you are sure to improve your performance at school.(Para.7)

Meaning: You should learn from others and use their methods to change the way you are studying.In this way you will be able to better yourself in your learning.

VI. Text Summary 1.Student’s Presentation

（T asks 2-3 students to make presentation.）

2.Teacher’s Summary Usually there is one student from the group that stands out as being special in a cla.The author investigates what factors separating outstanding students from others and finds a group of tips that anyone can use to awaken greatne up within himself and reach new peaks of excellence.Learning from others and employing their methods can surely improve one’s performance at school.VII．After-text A Exercises 1.Vocabulary: Students are asked to master the key words and phrases.2.Sentence Structure: T summaries the usage of ―as‖ and ―while‖ and S practices rewriting sentences after the models.3.Translation 4.Cloze

Section B

A major Question of Majors

I.Reading Skills

Previewing The particular reading skills introduced for this unit is previewing.Previewing a text before you read can make your reading more efficient in many ways.It can get you acquainted with the author’s style and aims; it can give you an idea of how the text is organized and where to look for ideas and information.

Here is how to preview a reading selection:

Look at the title.Does it tell you what you will be reading about? If so, you can then set a purpose for your reading.Very likely titles give the main idea of the selection.

Notice the visual clues automatically.Visual clues – things like numbers and dates; list, sections and subtitles; dialogues, quotations and recurring phrases – are easy to see in a paage, and can often give you a good picture of its organization and content before we start reading. Read the first paragraph carefully.The first paragraph usually tells just what the paage will be about.Read it and keep your mind active about it before going on.

Either looking at the paage title or the first paragraph, you might have some prediction for what the paage is about.Although you may not be able to predict every detail and although a writer may surprise you with unexpected ideas, you can often anticipate the general direction the author is going to.

For example, when you see the title ―A Major Question of Majors‖, think about it and predict what the paage is about.You might ask yourself the following question and at the same time have some predictable choices for answers: what is the paage mainly about?

A.A major problem with many different majors.B.A big difficulty with choosing majors.C.An important question concerning majors.D.A great confusion concerning majors.You might think of more poibilities, such as confusion, problem or difficulty, etc.When you read on, you will find that ―B‖ is the correct prediction. ( Turn to P.218 and let’s do Exercise I )

II.Warming Up Activity 1.Topic Discuion

i.Student’s Discuion

1) What major do you like ? ― Busine and computer.2) What kind of questions did you meet when you were faced with choosing a major? ― The major-choice was limited by the score got in the entrance exam; you have to choose your major before you know your exact scores…

ii.Teacher’s Summary Because of different background, the students are faced with different questions in choosing a major when studying in the university.For the students out of China, it is difficult for them to choose their majors just because they have to do many jobs in their life and change work places or even living places very frequently and so on.In China it was easier before.You pick up a major, and then do the job in your major for comparatively long time or even someone for a life time.But now things are changing.It is increasingly difficult as time goes by.There is much competition after graduation, so you have to get better prepared than before.

2.Questions on the Topic and the Paage

1) Why wouldn’t the writer choose busine as his major?

― Because he thought he was an artist.2) Why did the writer take his parents’ friends coming for dinner as a rest? ― Because he would be able to have a break from the question of majors.3) What were his parents’ friends talking about all the dinner time? ― The best way for choosing majors.III.Text Structure Analysis This author of this paage discues the problem of deciding one’s major in university according to his own experience.

The paage can be roughly divided into 4 parts.Part 1 (Para.1) This paragraph puts forward an important question for college students: what major will you choose? It leads the readers to read on the paage to find the answer.Part 2 (Para.2-10) These 9 paragraphs describe the author’s own experience of deciding his major in university 15 years ago.In this part, the paragraphs are arranged according to time sequence.The first time is ―tomorrow‖, namely the last day to declare a major; the second time is ―dinner time‖ at the last day in which the author’s parents talked about majors; the third time is ―after the dinner‖ until when the author still had not decided his major; the 10 a.m.the following day in which the author mied his first cla; the next time is ―as I rushed to school‖, when he finally decided his major ―filmmaking‖; and the last time is ―15 years later‖, when the author found that very few students work in their chosen jobs years later.He himself did not become a filmmaker at the end.Part 3 (Para.11) This paragraph servers as a conclusion.The author presents his point: what one majors in does not matter.What matters is to involve yourself in those things you are interested in and enjoy learning the world.After that, there is plenty of time for one to decide what he will do with the rest of his life.

V. Detailed Study of the Text

Words & Phrases Study

1.echo

n.1) [C] a sound which is caused when a loud, sharp noise, for example a scream, is reflected off a surface such as a cliff or the walls of a building.回声；回音 Judy found herself listening to the last echo of her shoes clicking on the marble floors.朱迪发觉自己在倾听她鞋后跟踏击大理石地板发出咔哒声的回音余响。

They were the only seats not affected by the echo.这些是唯一不受回音影响的座位。

1) A sound that echoes is reflected off a surface, such as a cliff or the walls of a building, so that it can be heard again after the original sound has stopped.发出回声; The noise of our footsteps seemed to go echoing around the walls.脚步声似乎在墙壁周围不停地回响。 The great rumble from the explosion echoed away into the hills and sea.隆隆的爆炸声渐渐远去，萦绕在群山和大海之中。

The room echoed with/to the sound of their happy laughter.房间里回荡着他们的欢笑声。

[扩展] arouse/evoke an echo 激起共鸣

to the echo 大声地

echo chamber 回声室

Echo Boom （1987年美国的）生育高峰（因1 946-1964年间美国的生育高峰后再次出现的出生率激增现象）

2. hallway

n. [C] a paage in a building or house that leads to many rooms 走廊；通道

Jack’s office is at the far end of the hallway.杰克的办公室在走廊的尽头。 An imposing staircase led out of the hallway.一座气势不凡的楼梯由厅内通向厅外。

3. await

wait or be ready for 等待；等候

I shall await your answer to my letter with eagerne.急盼复信。

He awaited the newcomer with mingled feelings.他百感交集地等候着那位新来者。

a long-awaited holiday 期盼已久的假期 4. abortion

n. 1) [U;C] If a woman has an abortion, she ends her pregnancy and loses the baby.人工流产

She had an abortion.她做了人工流产。

Is abortion legal in your country? 在你们国家人工流产合法吗？

2) [C] a plan or arrangement which goes wrong before it can develop properly 中止；夭折

The project proved an abortion.这项工程中途夭折了。

If this plan is to be anything more than an abortion, we need to focus on getting the funds to implement it.想要这份计划不失败，我们必须集中全力去实施计划所需的资金。

[扩展] abort

v. 流产；夭折

She aborted when she was four month pregnant.她怀孕4个月后流产了。

Without their help all further plans must inevitably abort.没有他们的帮助，所有进一步的计划必然夭折。

abortive

adj.失败的；夭折的

It would be an abortive effort to try to close this wide price gap.试图缩小这样大的价格差额是徒劳的。

All government attempts to prevent the strike were abortive.政府企图阻止罢工，但都未能得逞。

[Cultural note] Abortion has been legal in the US since 1973 and in the UK since 1967, although people in both countries have very strong opinions about it.People disagree about whether it should stay legal, and about whether it is morally right.Some people are pro-choice and believe that a woman has the right to choose whether or not to have an abortion.Other people are anti-abortion and believe that an unborn baby has the right to be born.They believe that abortion is murder. 5. database

n. [C] 又作databank a large collection of data stored in a company system that

can be found easily 数据库

[扩展] database management system数据库管理系统

data proceing数据处理

data proceor数据处理机

data protection数据保护

6. available

adj. 1) If something is available, you are able to use it or obtain it.可利用的;可获得的

More information becomes available through the use of computers.由于使用了计算机可以获得更多的信息。

The doctor is available after 3:15.医生3点15分后看病。

2) If something is available, it is not being used and is therefore free for you to use.可使用的

Will your accommodation be available next October? 你们的宿舍到十月份可以住了吗？

The motel has no available rooms.这家汽车旅馆没有空房间了。

[扩展] availability

n.可获得性；可使用性

Laws still controlled the availability of contraceptives and abortion.法律仍旧管制避孕药的使用及堕胎。

a widespread reduction in the world availability of oil 全世界获得石油的可能性普遍下降

[联想] 记忆一些以-able结尾的形容词：

disagreeable 不随和的 deniable 可否认的 noticeable 清楚的 changeable 可变的 reliable 可靠的 reasonable 讲道理的 amiable 温柔的 incapable 无能力的 unable不能的 conceivable想象得出的 tolerable 可容忍的 breakable 易碎的 desirable值得要的 impregnable攻不破的 inflammable 易燃的

[考点]某些以-able / -ible结尾的形容词作定语，与every, the only或形容词最高级连用来修饰一个名词，通常放在所修饰名词的后面。This is the only reference book available here. 7. indecision

n. [U] the state of being unable to make a decision 迟疑不决；优柔寡断

She felt ill with anxiety and indecision.她因忧虑和迟疑不决而病倒了。 After five minutes of indecision, I put the knife away.我犹豫了5分钟后把刀收了起来。

[扩展] indecisive adj.犹豫不决的；不确定的

It was unlike him to be so indecisive.如此犹豫不决的不像他的秉性。 As there is much obscurity in this disease, its medical treatment is indecisive.该病的发病有许多不明之处，所以其治疗也非确定的。 8. ban

1) To ban something means to state officially that it must not be done, shown, used, etc.禁止

The treaty bans all nuclear tests.该条约禁止一切核试验。

The government banned publication of his books.政府禁止出版他的书。

2) To ban someone from doing something means to state officially that they are not allowed to do it.禁止某人做某事 I am banned from driving.我被禁止驾车。

He was banned from attending the meeting.他被禁止参加会议。

n. [C] A ban is an official statement that something must not be done, shown, used, etc.禁止

This is a movie under a ban imposed by the government.这是被政府禁止上映的影片。

There was no ban on smoking cigarettes.没有不准抽烟的禁令。

[同义辨析] ban prohibit forbid ban 指合法地或因社会压力而禁止，持谴责或不赞成的态度，常用搭配形式为ban…from sth/doing sth, 其后不跟不定式；

forbid 普通用语，用于较小事物，或个人、上级、官方、长辈做出的禁止命令、规定，常用搭配形式为forbid...to do;

Her parents forbid her to see Tim again.她父母不让她再跟蒂姆来往。

Her mother forbade the little girl to leave the house before she had finished her homework.在没有完成作业前，她母亲不让她离开房间。

prohibit指通过法律、法令、警告等做出禁止命令的正式规定或规则，常用搭配形式为 prohibit...from sth/doing sth.

We are prohibited from drinking alcohol during working hours.上班时间禁止喝酒。

The recording of speech without the knowledge of the speaker was prohibited by the University.大学禁止在演讲者不知情的情况下对其录音。 9.predict

v. If you predict an event or action, you believe that it will happen.预测；预言

It is difficult to predict what the future will hold for his second marriage.很难预测他的第二次婚姻今后会是什么样子。

What I had predicted fortnight ago had happened far sooner than I had anticipated.两星期前我所预测的事情比预期的早早提前发生了。

Given the past history of the Loch Ne monster, it is safe to predict that interest will rise again.如考虑到尼斯湖怪以前的历史，那么可以肯定地预言人们还会感兴趣的。 [扩展] prediction

n.预测；

to provide accurate long-term prediction 提供准确的长期预测 to venture a prediction 大胆预测

to make a prediction about sth 做出预测 predictable

adj.可预测的；可预言的

The planets are potentially predictable in their movements.从潜在意义上来讲，星球运动是可预知的。

Most insects have fairly predicable behaviors.大多数昆虫的行为具有相当的可预测性。 [同义辨析] predict forecast foretell

predict指从已知事实推断或根据自然规律断定未来的事情，其准确程度不一；

forecast指对将来可能发生的事情或可能出现的情况做出大概的预测，通常主要用于天气预报；

Cooler weather is forecast for tomorrow.预计明天天气凉爽。

The weather forecast said the good weather would last.天气预报说天气将持续晴好。

foretell指凭借自己的经验猜测或感觉到将来发生的事情；

He foretold that the woman would die soon.他预测那个妇女将要死去。 There is no way to foretell what inventions or fads will impose upon us.无法预知会出现怎样的发明和潮流。 10.

breakthrough

[C] A breakthrough is a new and succeful development or achievement突破；重大发现

This innovation was considered by many to be a breakthrough in government-industry relations.这项改革被许多人视为政府与工业界关系中的一大突破。

Scientists are hovering on the brink of a major breakthrough.科学家们正处于一项重大突破的边缘。 11.

fate

1) [U]Fate is a power that is believed to control and decide everything

that happens in a way that people cannot prevent or change.命运；天命 It is, perhaps, our fate rather than our merit.也许这与其说是我们的优点，不如说这是天意。

It was fate that brought us together again after thirty years.天意注定我们30年后又重逢。

2) [C]Someone’s fate is what happens to them际遇；时运；下场；结局 Their factory closed down, and several other companies suffered a similar fate.他们的工厂倒闭了，另有几家公司也遭到相似命运。

Rick decided to stay until we knew what Dookie’s fate would be.里克决定留下来，直到我们知道杜基最后结果如何。 [扩展] fated

adj. 命中注定的；命中决定的

We were fated to dislike one another.我们命中注定彼此合不来。 Once it had happened, it seemed fated.一旦事情发生了似乎就得听天由命了。

fateful

adj.对未来有重大影响的；灾难性的

a fateful decision 一项有重大影响的决定

The Prime Minister made his fateful announcement.首相发表了他那篇灾难性的声明。

[同义辨析] fate destiny lot doom fate有浓厚的宿命论色彩，强调不可避免，不可改变，人世间一切努力都是徒然的；通常用于不幸的结局；

destiny为普通用词，强调上帝的意旨，但并不排除个人的意志，可表示伟大崇高的行动过程或个人所追求的目的； The Chinese people are now masters of their destiny.中国人民现在是自己命运的主人。

This young man has to accomplish a destiny.这个年轻人注定要去完成一番伟业。

Lot 多指人们生活的境遇；

He was satisfied with his lot whatever it was.他永远随遇而安。

They are visibly content with their lot.可以看出，他们对自己的境遇很满意。

doom指注定的悲惨下场或毁灭；

In exile and poverty, he met his doom.他在流放和贫困中了结一生。

He awaited his doom on the death row.他在牢房里等待自己末日的到来。 12. host

1) [C] A host is the person at a party or other social occasion who invites the guests and looks after them while they are there.东道主；主人

There were only three of us to dine---my host, his father, and me.我们就是三个人一起用餐，我的主人，他的父亲和我。

Voster acted the dutiful host, filling up glaes and mixing with his guests.沃斯特表现得像个尽职的东道主，给大家斟酒，周旋在客人中间。

2) [C] A host is the country or organization that provides the facilities for an event or function 东道主国家或组织

Within a week his host country had supplied him with accommodation.他的东道主国家向他提供了一个星期的膳宿。

The attitude of the host to the refugees was at first hostile.东道主国对难民的态度起初是敌对的。

3) [C] A host is someone who is in charge of a radio or television program 主持人

He is a charming, polished and shrewd host.他是位有魅力的、优雅的、机敏的节目主持人。

She was the host for the awards program.她担任颁奖节目的主持人。

v.to provide the place and everything needed for an organized event 主持; 主办 Beijing succeeded in her bid to host the 2008 Olympic Games.北京成功地申办了2008年奥运会。

He has been hosting the show for two years.他担任这个节目的主持人已有两年。 12.pose

1) If someone poses, they stand in a particular place or in a particular manner.摆姿势

She loved to pose in front of the mirrors.她喜欢在镜子前摆姿势。

The bride and groom pose for the photograph.新娘和新郎摆好姿势让人照相。 2) If someone poses, they behave in an exaggerated way because they want people to look at them.装模作样；装腔作势

I saw him out posing in his new sports car.我看见他开着他的崭新跑车招摇过市。

I loved trailing my cloak, posing and being emotional.我喜欢拖着披风，装腔作势，情绪激动。

3) If someone poses as another person, they pretend to be that person in order to deceive people.冒充；假装

He posed as a plain uneducated man.他装扮成没有受过教育的平民。

The thief got into the house by posing as a plumber.那盗贼假扮管子工混进了房子。

4) If someone or something poses problems, threats, dangers, etc.they cause those problems, threats, dangers, etc.产生（问题）；造成（威胁、危险等） Its length must pose considerable steering problems.它的长度一定会给驾驶带来相当多的问题。

He posed a serious threat to their authority.他对他们的权威造成威胁。

5) If someone poses a question or idea, they ask or state that question or idea; a fairly formal use.提出，陈述

This brings me back to the question you posed earlier.这使我回到了你早些时候提出的问题。

He was the first to pose an alternative concept of the world.他是第一个提出关于世界的另一种概念的人。

n.1)[C]a particular position or manner in which someone is standing, sitting, etc 姿势；姿态

hundreds of photographs in various poses 成百上千张各种姿势的照片 He tried to keep an alert pose.他想保持一种警觉的态度。

She knew this pose showed her slim fingers to better advantage.她知道这个姿势更能衬托出她那双手。

2) [C] a way of behaving that is intended to give a particular impreion, often in order to deceive or impre people装腔作势；摆架势

His photos sometimes showed him in rather typical Hollywood poses.他的相片有时显出一副典型的好莱坞架势。

People hate his pose as the champion of the proletariat.人们讨厌他那副无产阶级斗士的架势。 13 instance

n. [C] An instance is a particular example occurrence of an event, situation, person, etc.例子；实例

There are numerous instances of family rifts and angry scenes.家庭裂痕和大吵大闹的事例举不胜举。

Pollock was an extreme instance, but his failure epitomizes that of many.伯克是个极端的事例，但他的失败却是许多事例的缩影。

[考点]for instance例如；譬如

take sth for instance 以„为例

Some minerals, for instance, were not used in pigments in those days.例如，有些矿物在那个时代尚未用作颜料。

Let’s take a man like Tom for instance.譬如说汤姆这样的人。 in the first instance 首先；第一步

They have to help themselves at least in the first instance.他们至少得先自己想办法解决。

In the first instance she declined his invitation to dinner, but she seemed to have changed her mind two days later.起初她谢绝了他的邀请，不过两天后她似乎改变主意了。

at someone’s instance 在„的要求下

They switched to this location at the urgent instance of the Commander in Chief.他们在总司令紧急命令下转移到这个地方。

I came here at the instance of Dr.Jekyll.我是应吉基尔博士的邀请来这儿的。 14 expert

n.[C] An expert is a person who is very skilled at doing something.专家；行家

What an expert can do in minutes may take you hours.一位行家几分钟能做完的事，你可能得花几小时。

Experts are called in to dismantle the bomb.专家被请来拆除这个炸弹。 adj. 1) Someone who is expert at doing sth is very skilled at it.技术娴熟的；

Only expert acrobats can master these activities.只有熟练的特技演员才能掌握这些动作。

They have to be expert at dealing with any problems that arise.他们必须熟练地应对发生的任何问题。

2) If you say that someone has expert hands or an expert eye, you mean that they are very skillful or experienced for a particular purpose专家的；内行的 He rubbed his expert hands over the wound.他用行家的巧手按摩伤口。 He ran an expert eye over the photographs.他以行家的眼光扫视了一下照片。

3) Expert advice, opinion, or help is advice, opinion or help that is given by someone who has studied a subject thoroughly or is very skilled at a particular job.专家的；专门的

We would like an expert opinion.我们想听听专家的意见。 The appliance needs expert attention.该装置需要专门的检修。 15. surgery

n. 1) [U]Surgery is medical treatment in which the body of a person or animal is cut open so that a surgeon can repair or remove the part which is causing the problem.外科手术

The patient has suffered a heart attack while undergoing surgery.病人在动手术时突然心脏病发作。

Lori went into surgery at New York Medical Center.洛里在纽约医疗中心接受了外科手术。

2) [C] A surgery is the room where a doctor works.诊所

He saw the poster in the doctor’s surgery.他在医生诊所里看到了这张海报。 3) [U] a fixed period of time when patients see their doctors.就诊时间

Outside surgery hours, please phone the emergency number.门诊时间之外，请拨急诊电话号码。

Which doctor is taking surgery this morning? 今天上午是哪位医生值班？ [扩展] perform emergency surgery 做紧急手术

undergo routine surgery 接受常规手术

surgeon 外科医生

physician 内科医生

plastic surgery 美容手术

16.naval

adj. used to describe people or things that belong to or involve a country’s navy 海军的

He is a French naval officer.他是一名法国海军军官。

It had been attacked by Norwegian naval and air forces.它曾受到挪威海军和空军的攻击。

[扩展] navy n.

海军

navy-blue

adj.深蓝色的 17. aircraft

n.[C] An aircraft is a vehicle which can fly.飞机，飞行器

The president and his wife emerged from their aircraft.总统及夫人从座机中走出。

There was an aircraft accident last month.上个月有一次空难。 [扩展] aircraft carrier 航空母舰

aircrew 空勤人员

airfield 飞机场

airhoste 空姐 18. target

1)[C] an object or a place at which a weapon is aimed 靶子；袭击目标

The station was an easy target for an air attack.火车站是空袭容易击中的目标。

Bad light and a target at twenty yards make it difficult.光线暗，靶子又有20码远，要击中是困难的。

2) [C]a person or thing that someone is attacking 批评的对象

In their search for a scapegoat, the government found an easy target in the unions.政府在寻找替罪羊时，发现工会是最好的嫁祸对象。

Her proposal has been the target of much criticism.她的建议成了众矢之的。 v.

If someone targets on something, they aim at it瞄准，把---导向

It is hoped that the common people will not be targeted during any war.人们希望在任何战争中都不要把平民百姓作为攻击目标。

Investments are fewer in number, but better funded and more targeted.投资总数虽有减少，但投资资金却更雄厚、针对性更强。 19. spoonful

n.[C] (pl.spoonfuls) the amount that a spoon can hold一匙之量

She put a spoonful of milk in each of the two cups.她在两只杯子里各放了一匙牛奶。

He had difficulty targeting his mouth with his food.Every second spoonful was dropped to the ground.他连饭都喂不到嘴里去，总是掉到地上。 [联想] handful 一把（a handful of salt 一把盐）

spoonful一勺的量（a spoonful of sugar 一勺糖） mouthful 一口（a mouthful of food 一口食物） boatful 一船（a boatful of coal 一船煤） armful 一抱（an armful of books 一抱书） 20. navigation

n. [U] the movement of a ship or an aircraft along a planned path 航海；航空

Moving at such speeds, navigation becomes critically important.以这样的速度航行，非有导航不可。

He demanded that that nation be open to navigation by its allies.他要求那个国家向其盟国开放领空。 [扩展] navigate

v.导航；航行

All these ships are large enough to navigate the oceans.所有这些轮船都是巨型的，可以远扬航行。

Early explorers used the stars to navigate.早期的探险家利用星星导航。 navigator 领航员

navigation light航行灯 20.numerous

adj.If you refer to numerous things or people, you mean that there are a lot of them.众多的；许多的

We want especially to thank the numerous friends who gave us encouragement.我们特别要感谢许多曾给予我们鼓励的朋友。

The cast is large, though nothing likes as numerous as one might suppose.演员阵容强大，尽管人数不像人们料想的那么多。 22． fluent

adj.

1) Someone who is fluent in a particular language can speak or write the language easily and correctly with no hesitation or inaccuracy.说话流利的；文字流畅的

He was fluent in Spanish.他讲西班牙语很流利。

Rage was making him fluent; the words came easily, in a rush.愤怒使他口若悬河；话一句句随意而出。 23.

mechanic

1)[C] someone whose job is to repair machines; 机修工

A mechanic had told him the plate was hard to get on.一个机修工告诉他，这块金属板很难安装上去。

There is not a mechanic who hasn’t had this problem.没有哪个技工没碰到过这个问题。

2) The mechanics of something are the way in which it works or the way in which it is done.运作方式；方法；技巧

What are the mechanics of it? 这事的蹊跷之处何在？

The mechanics of the legal system are very complicated.法制体系的操作程序是十分复杂的。

3) Mechanics is also the part of physics that deals with forces acting or moving on stationary objects.力学；机械学 24. advertise

v.1) If you advertise a particular product, you tell people about it in newspapers, on television, etc.in order to persuade them to buy it.做广告

She didn’t advertise it in case she was wrong.她深恐搞错，就没有做广告。 Manufactures advertise products that they wish to sell.制造商为要销售的产品做广告。

2) If you advertise a particular event, you announce that it is happening, so that people know about it.公告，公布

When people lose something valuable, they advertise it in the newspaper.人们丢东西时，会在报纸上登一则公告。

This is a leaflet advertising a fishing competition.这是一张宣布钓鱼比赛的传单。

[扩展] advertising n. 广告业

an advertising agency 广告代理机构

n.广告，启事

25. waken

v. When you waken or when someone wakens you, you wake唤醒

It is frightening to most children to waken and find a stranger.大多数小孩醒来看到陌生人都会感到害怕。

Once she was sleeping nothing wakened her.她一旦入睡就睡得很死。 26. enormous

adj.1) extremely large in size or amount.巨大的；庞大的

There was an enormous cat crouching on the counter eating fish.有只硕大的猫蹲在柜台上吃鱼。

There is an enormous amount of hard work in child care.照料儿童需要花费大量心血。

2) to emphasize the great scale or extent of something (范围、程度)极大的 To his enormous delight he was elected MP for Bristol South.使他极大高兴的是他当选为布托斯南区的议员。

Our athletes have won an enormous succe in this Olympic Games.在今年的奥运会中我们的运动员取得了巨大的成功。

[扩展] enormously

adv.极大地 It has increased enormously the demand for food in the third world.这极大地增强了第三世界对食品的需求。 [同义辨析] enormous coloal immense huge gigantic vast enormous 重点突出数量、程度、体积等超出正常限度；还可指某些严重、紧迫的事情；

coloal指比例上非常大，有宏大、雄伟之意；

Long ago, it wasn’t unusual for coloal countries to establish colonies in distant lands.很久以前，一个庞大的国家在海外建立殖民地是司空见惯的事。 Even by modern standards, the 46，000 ton Titanic was a coloal ship.即使按现在的标准，重达4万6千吨的泰坦尼克号也是艘宏伟的大船。 immense指三维空间上延伸，表示在尺寸、规模上大得无边无际；

Early explorers got lost in the immense, uncharted Atlantic.早期的探险者会在无边无际的大西洋中迷路。

China is a country which has an immense territory.中国是一个有广袤领土的国家。

huge为普通用词，指尺寸、体积或容量等方面极大；

There is a huge vocabulary to be acquired.要掌握的词汇量非常庞大。

America is now suffering the huge trade imbalances.美国正在遭受巨大的贸易逆差。

gigantic强调与同类其他事物在大小、数量上形成强烈对照以显示巨大或庞大；

He has gigantic appetite.他胃口极大。

Building railway in Xi’an is a gigantic project.在西安建地铁是一项庞大的工程。

vast指二维空间的延伸，表示浩瀚无比;

The vast plains stretch for thousands of miles.那广阔的平原绵延几千里。 27. oversleep

v. If you oversleep, you sleep longer than you intend to and wake up late.睡过头

Sorry I am late – I overslept.对不起我迟到了—— 我睡过头了。

In fact, as college students are also likely to do, I overslept.实际上，跟其他大学生可能遇到的情形一样，我睡过头了。 28. survey

1) If you survey something, you look carefully at the whole of it.

She surveyed the grouping of furniture.她打量着家具的摆放。

He took the last page out of the typewriter and surveyed the day’s production with satisfaction.他将最后一页从打印机中拿出，满意的看着这一天的成果。 2) If you survey a group of people, you find out about their opinions or behaviors, usually by asking them detailed questions.调查

In five of the villages that were surveyed, non-farm work provided one quarter of their income.在所调查的5个村庄中，非农业劳动所得占其总收入的四分之一。

In his book, he surveyed the traditional ways of life of Native Americans.在他的书中，他调查了美洲土著人的传统生活方式。

3) To survey an area of land means to make an examination of it in order to measure it and make a map of it.测量，勘测

He had had the land surveyed from a helicopter.他已叫人从直升机上勘测了这块地。

We stood at the top of the hill and surveyed the countryside.我们站在山顶俯视郊外。

1) a detailed investigation of something, for example people’s behavior or their opinions 调查；考察

This chapter includes a brief survey of the more commonly used drugs.本章收录了一份有关常用药物的简略考察报告。

A recent survey of 450 advertising companies found that art schools are providing most of their new recruits.据最近对450家广告公司的调查，发现这些公司的大部分新员工都来自艺术学校。

2) a general description or report about a subject or situation 概况

We had a survey course in English literature last term.上学期我们上了英国文学概论课。

The book presents a critical survey of Irish history.该书颇有见地地综述了爱尔兰历史。

考点 make a survey of

对„进行调查；market survey 市场调查 [同义辨析]

inquiry

investigation

research

survey survey多指为写书面报告而进行的民意测验或调查。

inquiry普通常用词，指正式调查，也指一般的打听或查询；

They demand a public inquiry into the accident.他们要求对事故进行公开调查。

He replied frostily to inquire about Tom’s visit.他冷淡地回答了有关汤姆来访的询问。

investigation一般指有系统的调查以得到希望发现或需要知道的事。 It is unsafe to render an opinion without a full investigation.未经充分调查研究便形成意见是不保险的。

research指科学工作者等为揭示自然规律或获取某个领域的新知识而进行长时间的调查研究。

Students are required to conduct research into international relations.学校要求学生进行国际关系研究。

The prediction about human behavior is the most recent research in philosophical anthropology.对人类行为的预测是哲学人类学最新的研究。 29.best-selling

adj.

A best-selling product such as a book is very popular and a large quantity of it has been sold.畅销的

The movie is based on Susan’s best-selling novel and is starred by David.这部电影取材于苏珊的畅销小说，大卫主演。

Han han is best known for his best-selling stories.韩寒因他的畅销小说而出名。

[扩展] bestsellers

n.畅销书；畅销商品

This car was a bestseller last year.这种汽车去年很畅销。 Dictionaries are perennial bestsellers.词典一年到头畅销。 30.

filmmaker

someone who produces or directs a film 电影制作人

She had followed in the steps of her father, becoming a filmmaker.她承袭了父亲的事业，成了一名制片人。

As a young filmmaker, his works always fillip our ambition.作为一名年轻的制片人，他的作品总能激发我们的雄心壮志。

[扩展] filmgoer 爱看电影的人 filmography 影片集锦

film star 电影明星 31.

prosperous

adj. wealthy and succeful 富足的；兴旺的

His father was a prosperous farmer and coal merchant.他父亲是位富足的农场主和煤商。

Our citizens individually have been happy and the nation prosperous.人人安居乐业，国泰民安。 32.

involve

1) If a situation or activity involves someone or something, it includes them as a neceary part or it uses them in some way.需要；非包含---不可

The busine seemed to involve an enormous amount of sales.这生意需要大量的销售工作。

Caring for a one-year-old involves nappies and making special meals.照顾一岁的婴儿需要不时换尿布和准备特别的饭食。

2) If you involve someone else in something, you get them to take part in it.使参与；使介入

I told her to get in touch with you, but she didn’t want to involve you.我叫她跟你联系，但她不想让你参与。

The function of those actors was to involve the audience.演员的作用就是使观众参与进来。

3）If you involve yourself in something, you take part in it.使陷入；使卷入 I was reluctant to involve myself in this private fight.我不愿卷入这种私人纷争。

They continue to involve themselves deeply in community affairs.他们继续开展社会公益活动。

考点 involve后接名词或动名词做宾语；不接不定式。

involve的-ed分词既可放名词前，也可放名词后，但意义不同。放名词前，表示“复杂的”作后置定语表示“所涉及到的，有关的”。

We had long, involved discuion.我们进行了长时间纷繁复杂的讨论。 She had no real understanding of the problems involved.她对所涉及的问题并不真正了解。

33. catch phrase : a short phrase that many people know because a famous person often says it 流行语；口头禅

Catch phrases often originate in popular culture and in the arts.流行语经常来源于大众文化和艺术。

Gradually, catch phrases will become the \"trademark\" of a person or character.慢慢地，流行语也会成为一个人的标志。

34. drop out: to leave an activity, school, etc.before it has finished 中途退出；辍学

The Ruian cla began with ten students, but several have dropped out.俄语班开始有10名学生，但已有几个中途退出了。

The boys had dropped out of school and gone to work.那些男学生已经退学工作去了。 35. figure out:

1) to succeed in solving or understanding sth想出; 理解；明白 She was too cool, too hard to figure out.她太冷静，太难以捉摸。

He lay still for a moment, trying to figure out what had happened.他躺着不动了好久，揣摩着刚才到底发生了什么。

2) to work out the answers to sums计算出；演算出

We figured out the time and the materials needed to complete the project.我们计算出完成该工程所需的时间和材料。

They began to figure out an arithmetic problem at the same time.他俩同时开始解答算数题。

36. would rather…than…: prefer to do or have sth 宁愿„不愿

I would rather choose the blue one than the red one.我宁愿选蓝色的也不愿选红色的。

I would rather use familiar English names than scientific Latin ones.我宁愿用熟悉的英文名称也不愿用拉丁学名。

37. care about : If you care about sth, you feel that it is important or interesting, and are concerned about it.关心，对„感兴趣

Wherever you are, whatever you do, you’ve never been closer to the people you care about.无论你在何地，不管你做什么，你与自己牵挂的人总是最贴心的。 The average individual knows little and cares le about technology.普通人对于技术既不了解也不关心。 38. as to: concerning sb.or sth关于

John had been given no directions as to what to write.关于写什么内容，约翰没有得到任何指示。

I was asked my opinion as to why Charles climbed a tower at the University.关于查尔斯为什么要爬大学里的塔楼，有人问起我的意见。

39. page through: look at a book, magazine, etc.by turning the pages quickly I usually page through newspapers instead of reading them carefully.我通常是翻阅报纸而不细读。

Kathy casually paged through magazines.凯西随意地翻阅着杂志。

40. end up: do something or end up in a particular state,结果，到头来做某事或处于某情况

If we go on in this way, we shall end up with millions and millions of unemployed.如果我们继续这样下去，我们最后将造成千百万人失业。

We ended up taking a taxi there.我们结果还是乘出租车去了那儿。 41. as long as: if 只要

We were all right as long as we kept our heads down.只要我们一直低头就没事。 Detergent cannot harm a fabric, as long as it has been properly diolved.只要将净洗剂完全溶解，它就不会损害纺织品。

42. do with : If you do with something, you make use of it in the way indicated.使用；利用

He did as much with the material as he could.他尽量利用这材料。

There is more land in Australia than the government knows what to do with.澳大利亚土地广阔，政府甚至不知道如何利用这些土地。

Language points: 1.It echoed through the hallway and out into every corner of the university.(Para.1) Meaning: The question was repeated and heard throughout the hallways and in every corner of the university.

2.It was the new pick-up line, more commonly used than “What’s your sign?” (Para.1) Meaning: The question ―What’s your major?‖ became very popular.It became a frequently-used question, used even more frequently than the question ―What’s your astrological sign?‖

A pick-up line means a sentence used for introduction or opening a conversation, usually spoken when meeting someone with whom one wants to begin a romantic relationship.Look at the example:

I want to meet the woman over there, but I don’t know any pick-up lines that I can greet her with.我想与那边的那个女士认识一下，但是不知道用什么话和她搭讪。

3. I was “undeclared” like some unborn baby in its earliest stages.(Para.1)

Meaning: I had not decided on a major, which made me as immature and unformed as a baby that was not born and in its early stages of formation. 4.And, by the way I was going, I was merely awaiting abortion.(Para.1) Meaning: According to the present situation, I could do nothing but wait for failure.5.Looking at the database of available majors, I could not make up my mind.(Para.1) Meaning: I could not make the decision as to which major to choose when I was reading the collection of majors that are offered.

6.Would I have to drop out of school because of my indecision? Would I be banned from a happy life if I couldn’t figure this problem out? (Para.1) Meaning: Would I have to leave school because I couldn’t make a choice? Would I be kept from a happy life in future if I couldn’t choose my major? 7.Everyone else was happily moving forward in their lives, choosing topics of study and predicting futures.(Para.2) Meaning: Everyone else was in high spirits, choosing their majors and at the same time thinking about their futures in advance.

8.I still hadn’t made my big breakthrough in making this all too significant decision.(Para.2)

Meaning: Choosing a major is such a big decision, but I still had not made any big advance in that.

Note that ―all too‖ is usually used for emphasizing that something is too easy, something happens too often, something is more than desirable, etc.Look at the examples:

All too often it’s the parents who get blamed for their children’s behavior.孩子做错了事，受责备的往往是父母。

9.On the night before my fate was to be declared, my parents were hosting a dinner party for two of their friends.(Para.3) Meaning: The night before my future was set and announced, my parents invited two friends for dinner.10.Finally, a rest! What would my parents’ friends care about majors? (Para.4) Meaning: Finally there could be a rest from my worry about choosing my major now.It would be unlikely for my parents’ friends to show concern about choosing majors.

11.I could eat dinner in peace and take a break from being posed this question for a couple of hours.(Para.4) Meaning: I could have the dinner with a peaceful mind and could have a break of a couple of hours from my worry about choosing a major.

12.They both had to share their majors with me, and both had an opinion as to what I should be.All their advice didn’t put me any closer to a major, though.(Para.4) Meaning: Both my parents’ friends told me about their majors and offered their opinions on my major choosing.In spite of that, their advice did not help me closer to choosing a major.13.And Mr.Albertson, the naval aircraft pilot, had difficulty targeting his mouth with his food.Every second spoonful was dropped to the ground.(Para.5) Meaning: Mr Albertson, who is a naval aircraft pilot, had difficulty in putting food directly into his mouth.Of every two spoonfuls of food, one would fall to the ground because of his failure to eat correctly.14.I couldn’t imagine what his navigation skills were like in a fighter plane.(Para.5) Meaning: It is hard for me to imagine how he directed his way in a fighter plane. 15.I got out the list of majors and began paging through the poibilities for the millionth time.(Para.6) Meaning: I took out the list of majors and began looking at and turning the pages quickly to find out poible major for the numerous times.

Notice that here ―for the millionth time‖ does not really mean a million times.It simply means the writer has considered the poibilities many times.

16.As college students often do, I decided that if I just slept for a while and wakened up really early, I would be able to arrive at an answer to this enormously difficult question.(Para.7) Meaning: Just like other college students, I decided that if I just slept for a while and wakened up really early, I could reach an answer to this extremely difficult question.

17.I don’t know exactly what it is in the college student’s brain that thinks some special proce occurs between 2 a.m.and 6 a.m.that will suddenly make everything clearer.It had worked for me in the past, but not this time.(Para.7)

Meaning: I don’t know what makes college students think that some special proce can occur in their brain between 2 a.m.and 6 a.m.when everything will appear clearer.This really had worked in the past, but this time it didn’t work. 18.… and I had three hours to commit the rest of my life to something, anything.There was always busine.(Para.8) Meaning: …only three hours were left for me to decide what I was to commit myself to in the future.Anyway, I could always major in busine. 19.That’s it! I was lost, but now I was found.I was declared! (Para.9) Meaning: That was the major I had been trying to find.Once I was lost in choosing majors, but now I found where I should be for my major.I had a major! 20.I didn’t end up a filmmaker.And some days I still feel “undeclared”.(Para.10) Meaning: I did not become a filmmaker in the end.So sometimes I still feel that I have not declared my major.

21.It really doesn\'t matter what you major in, as long as you have a prosperous university experience.(Para.11)

Meaning: If you have a succeful and wonderful university experience, it really doesn’t matter what major you choose.

22.Involve yourself in those things that interest you and enjoy learning about the world.There is plenty of time to decide what you will do with the rest of your life.(Para.11) Meaning: Participate in activities that you like and have fun discovering more about the world.You have a lot of time to make decision about what you will do with the rest of your life.

II．Summary or Main Idea of the Paage.i.Student’s Presentation

（T asks 2-3 students to make presentation.） ii.Teacher’s Summary

In this paage, the author discues the problem of deciding one’s major in university according to his own experience.This paage is written in the time sequence.Fifteen years ago he had difficulties in deciding his major.He finally decided his major ―filmmaking‖ but he himself did not become a filmmaker at the end.And he found that very few students work in their chosen jobs years later.Therefore, he draw the conclusion that what one majors in does not matter.What matters is to involve yourself in those things you are interested in and enjoy learning the world.There is plenty of time to decide what you will do with the rest of your life.

V. New Words Dictation

remarkable factor

accomplish investigate infinite outstanding mysterious as long as as to do with

available ban enormous arouse target

predict fantastic miion instance fate analysis ease fluent mechanic

involve responsibility pose peak alternative concentration expert credit grant profit survey amount cease alter prosperous entertain adapt performance figure out with ease drop out end up stand out adapt to care about turn in

VI. After-text B Exercises

1.Vocabulary: Students are asked to master the key words and phrases.2.Sentence Structure: T summaries the usage of ―as‖ and ―while‖ and S practices rewriting sentences after the models.3.Translation 4.Cloze VII．Supplementary Exercises 1.Translate the following sentences into Chinese.

1) Every day I commit two hours and a half to playing piano.2) You will profit from the experiences.3) The ability to adapt to the environment is important in one’s life.

4) She ploughed through the whole text for half an hour.5) The profeor struck him as a very knowledgeable man.2.Translate the following sentences into English.

1) 尽量把精力用在工作上。 2) 他获得了学校的最高奖学金。

3) 老师在课堂上讲一些笑话来取悦学生。 4) 棒极了，她竟打破了世界纪录。

5) 她宁愿放弃到另外一个城市工作的好机会，也不愿与男友分离。

3.Complete the Following Sentences in English.1.She only_____________ the book.(翻阅) 2.Emmons _______________in his last shoot.(脱靶) 3.Keep on going like this, they will (惹来麻烦)____________________.4.The rising prices will (给很多家庭带来困难) ____________________.5.The Olympic in Beijing (取得了巨大成功) ____________________.VIII. Aignments

1.Hand in the exercise of …….

….

2.Finish the other after-text A & B exercises after cla.

3.Supplementary Exercises i.English-Chinese Translation （5 sentences）

ii.Chinese-English Translation （10 sentences） 4.Preview Unit 10

附：

Keys for Supplementary Exercises 1.Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1) 我每天弹两个半小时钢琴。 2) 你将会由此经历中获益。

3) 适应环境的能力对一个人的生活是很重要的。 4) 她用了半个小时费力地看完了这篇课文。 5) 他感到那位教授是极有知识之人

2.Complete the following sentences in English.1）Try to focus your mind on your work.

2）He acquired the grant of the highest scholarship from the school.3）The teacher told some jokes to entertain the students in cla.4）Fantastic! She had broken the world-record.5）She would rather give up the good opportunity to work in another city than part with her boyfriend.

3.Complete the Following Sentences in English.1）page through 2）mied his target 3）end up in trouble 4）pose difficulty to many families 5）accomplished enormous succe

推荐第6篇：B1U3 新视野大学英语教案

新视野大学英语读写教程 New Horizon College English

B1U4

课程设计介绍

本课内容所针对的学生是18级电子商务，通信工程，金融数学专业新生。本学期是学生们从高中学习到大学学习的过渡阶段，学生们需要转变学习观念，从学习完全依靠老师课堂讲解到自主安排课余时间，学会自主学习。课堂上老师需要引导学生重新定位大学课堂师生学习关系----课堂上教师引导，检验，讲解难点，帮助学生解决问题；学生们领取下阶段学习任务，学习学习方法，解决遇到的问题，评估自己的学习；课下完成预习，部分学习，复习的过程。

每班学生大约50人，分成6-7人学习小组，每组选出一名学习组长，负责整理学习问题，监督组员学习进程，组织完成学习projects，收发作业等。

本课生词，课后练习部分由学生学习小组课下完成并整理问题，课上老师集中讲解。

Unit 3 Digital Campus

I.Teaching objectives

By the end of this unit, the students are supposed to: Apply the words, phrases and patterns on digital campus; Learn the following word-building patterns: suffixes -ry, -ive and -ize; Understand the text fully; Understand the cause-effect pattern and master the paragraph writing skills; Get help on time management II.Teaching method: task-based approach III.Time allotment：6 hours

The 1st hour: lead-in activities, new words and phrases of section A

The 2nd hour: Text learning of section A

The 3rd hour: review; Exercises of section A

The 4th hour: section B---reading skill: distinguishing facts and opinions

The 5th & 6th hour: review; dictation; comprehensive exercises

IV.Teaching Proce:

The 1st hour

1.Lead in (30min)

a.Group discuion(20min) 激起兴趣，了解学生，发现问题

Do you think the university should provide internet acce anywhere and anytime on campus? If you have to choose between one week without bathing and one week without a smart-phone, which one would you choose, and why? b.Project(p87)(5min) 进一步加深学生对话题的理解，巩固学习成果，有意识地科学使用网络

conduct a survey on campus prepare a presentation of the results第三次课交

effects of the internet on college students

suggestions 2.new words(25min)

学会自主学习单词的方法

1 新视野大学英语读写教程 New Horizon College English

B1U4

关注词性：词性告诉我们一个单词的基本使用特征

关注本义：一个单词往往有几个含义，引申义往往来源于本义；构词法

关注特殊搭配

关注近义词：辨析近义词方法：文体，词义范围，语言色彩，语气，搭配

The 2nd hour

Text A

1.Understanding the main idea and structure of Text A

Before this cla, students have been required to preview the text. 1) main idea (5 minutes) At the beginning of the cla, the teacher ask the students to answer the question: What is the main idea of the text? According to the answers given by the students, the teacher guides the students to the correct answer: Text A is an expository eay.It explains and illustrates what college education is like in the 21st century by analyzing the causes and effects of the application of new technologies in college education.2) Structure(8 minutes) This text consists of four parts.The students are given 3 minutes to match the parts with their main idea.Part 1: Paragraph 1 Part 2: Paragraph 2-6 Part 3: Paragraph 7-11 Part 4: Paragraph 12

A : How colleges and universities are being transformed in the new ages

B : colleges have been providing their students most advanced free system and has already yielded amazing benefits in education.

C : The college today is being transformed into a new age of electronics because a fleet of laptops, smartphones and internet connections 24 hours a day.

D : How this transformation affects students’ campus life 2.Detailed study of Text A (35minutes)

Paragraph 1-12: What is the main idea of this paragraph? A.Key Words B.Phrases and Expreions C.Sentence Structures D.Paraphrases 3.Homework(2 minutes)

a.Finish doing the exercises on p67-70, and submit the questions or problems you encounter to the head of your group.b.Learn to recognize the new words in Text B

The 3rd hour

Exercises, cause-effect structure, translation

1.The head of every student group report the problems; the teacher help students solve them.(10min) Words in use, word building, banked cloze, expreions in use 2.Paragraphs of cause and effect (15min)

2 新视野大学英语读写教程 New Horizon College English

B1U4 one of the methods of expository writing Two ways of development: a.Cause-effect

eg.Para9

b.effect-cause

eg.Para.10

Complete the writing exercise on p71&p72 3.translation on p73(25 min)

a.E-C

提问的方式 b.C-E 演板，一人一句话老师讲解修改 4.homework

Learn the news words and expreions in Text B The 4th hour

Text B

1.New words and expreions(10min) The head of every student group report the problems; the teacher help students solve them.2.Reading skill: distinguishing facts and opinions（10min）

1.What are facts and what are opinions? 2.How can we distinguish facts and opinions? 3.Examples 3.Text learning (30min ) a.Are you an internet addict(IAD)? What do you think cause IAD?

b.The students are given 10 minutes to read the text , then do Exercise 2 on p82.c.distinguishing facts and opinions in each paragraph d.Conclusion: In digital age, we should learn to make full use of the Internet and arrange our time on college campus more scientifically.4.Homework a.Exercises4-8 on p83-86 b.Finish doing the survey project The 5th hour& The 6th hour

Project reports and comprehensive exercises

1.Dictation (10min) 2.Project(p87)(30min) 进一步加深学生对话题的理解，巩固学习成果，有意识地科学使用网络

Each group elect one representative to make a presentation of the results of their projects on effects of the Internet on college students.The presentation should include the following two parts: a.

effects of the internet on college students b.

suggestions

3.Comprehensive exercises (20+50 min)

3 新视野大学英语读写教程 New Horizon College English

B1U4

Vocabulary and structure; grammar study; translation; reading comprehension; writing skills 4

推荐第7篇：现代大学制度

现代大学制度的核心是在国家的宏观调控政策指导下，大学面向社会，依法自主办学，实行科学管理。现代大学制度涉及规范和理顺大学与政府、大学与社会的关系，涉及大学内部治理结构的完善和改革。

现代大学制度的构架包括两个层面，即宏观层面（学校与外部的关系）：政府宏观管理、市场适度调节、社会广泛参与、学校依法自主办学；微观层面（学校内部）：党委领导、校长负责、教授治学、民主管理。

中新网12月5日电据教育部网站消息，国务院办公厅日前印发了《关于开展国家教育体制改革试点的通知》(国办发〔2010〕48号)，一批改革目标明确、政策措施具体的教育改革项目完成备案程序，标志着国家教育体制改革试点工作全面启动。

《通知》要求，深化教育体制改革要立足基本国情，遵循教育规律，解放思想，勇于实践，大胆突破，努力形成有利于教育事业科学发展的体制机制。要坚持以人为本，着力解决重大现实问题；坚持统筹谋划，确保改革协调有序推进；坚持因地制宜，鼓励各地各校大胆试验。要以改革推动发展，以改革提高质量，以改革增强活力，使教育更加符合时代发展的要求，更加适应经济社会发展的需要，更加顺应人民群众对接受更多更好教育的新期盼。

《通知》从专项改革、重点领域综合改革和省级政府教育统筹综合改革三个层面，确定了改革试点的十大任务：建立健全体制机制，加快学前教育发展；推进义务教育均衡发展，多种途径解决择校问题；推进素质教育，切实减轻中小学生课业负担；改革职业教育办学模式，构建现代职业教育体系；改革人才培养模式，提高高等教育人才培养质量；改革高等教育管理方式，建设现代大学制度；适应经济社会发展需求，改革高等学校办学模式；改善民办教育发展环境，深化办学体制改革；健全教师管理制度，加强教师队伍建设；完善教育投入机制，提高教育保障水平。

《通知》要求各地各单位要高度重视国家教育体制改革试点工作，要加强组织领导，确保责任到位、措施到位、保障到位；要科学制订实施方案，明确改革目标、进度安排、和配套政策，突出针对性、操作性、实效性；要建立督促检查机制，对试点项目跟踪调研，定期进行评估，加强检查指导，确保国家教育体制改革试点工作有序推进。要加强宣传引导，对实践中的好经验、好做法、好成果，要及时总结，组织交流，加以推广，将改革不断引向深入

推荐第8篇：现代大学教育制度

来源:《国家教育行政学院学报》作者:杜方波时间:2008-08-13

改革开放二十多年来，高等教育改革在解决高校的宏观布局和规模问题上取得了显著成效，在调整内部管理体制方面也进行了一些有益的探索。但这些改革并没有真正破除体制性障碍，新的制度还没有真正建立起来。随着近年来大学精英们要求重塑大学精神的呼声日趋高涨，现代大学理念已经在很大程度上被大学教师和管理者所接受，这为新的大学制度的建立奠定了一定的思想基础。但是，高校要真正按照当代高等教育发展规律办学，还必须建立和完善现代大学制度。

一、大学制度是实现大学理想的根本保证

布鲁贝克在《高等教育哲学》中指出：“每一个较大规模的现代社会，无论它的政治、经济或宗教制度是什么类型的，都要建立一个机构来传递深奥的知识，分析批判现存的知识，并探索新的学问领域。换言之，凡是需要人们进行理智分析、鉴别、阐述或关注的地方，那里就有大学。„„否则，社会所赖以取得新的发明和明智判断的涓细的智慧溪流将会干涸。”也就是说，大学自产生以来，其本质特征就是探索和创新知识，在知识探索和创新中不断接近于真理。而大学制度的根本作用在于通过保护大学的利益而保护人类的智慧和真理。因此，大学制度具有终极价值意义。中世纪的欧洲大学是近代意义上的大学的源头。中世纪以来，大学在形形色色的社会组织中之所以能不随社会变迁和政治更替而改变其宗旨并生存下来，其根本原因在于有以独立和自由精神为基础的大学制度作保障。为了防止政府、教会以及世俗力量干预大学事务、冲击学者独立地探求真理和管理大学事务，产生了大学自治制度；为了保证学者不受任何外在约束、自由地表达见解并在激烈的思想碰撞中无限接近真理，产生了学术自由制度；为了保证学者地位平等和权力公允以及大学按照大多数学者的意志发展，产生了大学内部的民主管理和学者治校制度。虽然中世纪的大学制度在形式和内容上与当今的大学制度有所差异，但它奠定了现代大学制度的基础，规定了大学制度的精神内核。正是以学术自由、学术机构自治以及机构内部的民主管理等为主要特点的、具有大学制度意义的制度体系的产生，才保证了大学这种学术机构的延续和发展。

二、大学制度创新是大学发展的必然要求

大学为了适应社会的发展变化，要不断主动调适自己，变革大学制度中不相适应的部分、创新大学制度的内容。这从大学制度变革与发展的历史不难看出。

中世纪以后大学的发展受到文艺复兴运动的巨大影响。人文主义者的价值观成为当时大学的主要价值追求。大学理念的变化引起大学制度的变化：一是更加强调大学的绝对自治。由于人文主义的理想与社会现实存在巨大差距，只有确保大学按照自身的价值观去运行，才能有效地维护人文主义理念，因此大学制度要确保大学的行为不受来自社会各方面的干预。二是寄宿制与导师制的建立构筑了人文主义者的理想天堂，使学者和学生不受干扰地学习人文思想。这种制度的变化促使越来越多的人进入大学学习，带来了大学的第一次大发展。

18世纪至19世纪，德国的大学通过制度创新逐步成为世界大学的中心。19世纪初，德国柏林大学在洪堡的大学理念的影响下，将科学研究纳入大学的重要职能，产生了教学与研究相统一的制度，带来了大学制度的一系列变化。首先是研究机构的设立使大学由单纯传授知识的机构转变为传授知识与创造知识并重的机构。其次是教学自由与学习自由制度，既保证了教师的教学和学术研究

不受校内外各方面的干涉，又保证了学生可以自由地选择科目、任课教师以及转学。

第三是大学内部管理权更多地集中于基层学术单位，教授在领导研究所、接受资助、设置课程、组织考试等方面拥有较大的权力。以柏林大学为代表的大学制度创新，带来了大学史上的又一次辉煌。大学职能的扩展促使大学由教学机构向教学研究机构转变、教学与研究有机结合，使人才培养的方式和质量都有了实质性的提高。

19世纪末20世纪初，由于美国大学制度的创新，世界大学的中心逐步转移到美国。威斯康星大学在校长范·海斯的办学理念影响下，率先将社会服务纳入大学。社会力量的广泛介入和大学对社会的主动适应，带来了大学制度的一系列变革。首先是大学直接服务社会制度。例如美国斯坦福大学科学园区制度的实施，直接推动了以“硅谷”为代表的现代信息技术的迅猛发展；科学教育与职业教育相结合的制度，使大学培养出来的人才更加适合社会的需要。第二是研究生教育制度的诞生，使研究生作为一个独立的人才培养阶段从本科教育中分离出来，使得人才培养方式向更高层次扩展。第三是社会中介制度的建立，既缓解了大学与政府和社会的矛盾，又加强了大学与政府和社会的联络沟通，同时也保证了大学竞争的平等性。第四是内部管理制度进一步完善。董事会制度的诞生改变了大学的决策机制；行政管理与学术管理的规范化提高了大学运转效率；原来只有教授参加的民主管理的方式改变为所有的权力主体都可以参加；大学的组织结构也由原来的校、系两个层次转变为校、院、系几个层次。美国大学制度的创新，使大学更能根据社会需要进行学术研究和人才培养。大学在不断推动社会发展的过程中自己也发展壮大起来了。

透过大学制度发展演变的历史可以看到，大学制度对大学发展具有基础性的促进和制约作用，每一次大学制度的重大变革都带来了大学职能的巨大调整、引起了大学自身的发展壮大。可见，制度的进步与创新是大学进步与创新的必要条件。

三、当今世界发达国家的大学制度

当今世界发达国家的大学经过多年的积累、改革和完善，已经形成比较完备的制度体系、积累了丰富的制度建设和创新经验，是现代大学制度内容的主要来源。美国、德国、英国和日本的大学制度具有典型的代表性。以实用主义为指导在广泛的竞争机制上建立起来的美国大学制度，以“自治、竞争与对社会需要迅速反应”为突出特点，规定了较为广泛的大学自治权、较为完备的大学竞争制度、具有高度适应性和民主性的大学内部管理制度。德国大学制度以“给予学者充分的学术自由与学术自治权利，为学者提供‘闲逸而好奇’的学术环境”而著称，体现出政府对大学直接控制、大学与社会关系疏离、大学内部管理松散等特点；但近几年则显示出扩大大学自主权、减少政府干预、增强大学与社会联系的发展趋势。英国大学制度体系比较完备，具有大学自治程度高、传统与现代结合较好、内部管理完善等特点。目前，提升大学的社会服务能力已成为英国大学制度改革的重点。日本大学制度产生历史较短，具有明显的集权化管理和计划运行的特点；当前，要求改革大学制度、减少政府干预的呼声越来越高。

美、英、德、日四个国家的大学制度分别代表了世界发达国家大学制度的不同模式。尽管模式不同，但具有一些共同点：一是大学自治与政府管理有机结合。大学拥有法律赋予的自治权，政府对大学主要起宏观调控和资源支持作用，而中介制度的实施有效缓解了大学与政府的矛盾、促使大学自治与政府管理有机结合。二是学术自由是当然的事情，任何对学术的干预都被视为是愚蠢的行为。三是大学资源配置的市场化程度较高。大学与社会的联系更大程度上是以市场机制为纽带，大学以竞争方式获得社会资源，并成为多元市场主体的重要一员。四是大学系统特色鲜明、充满活力。

国立大学、地方大学和社区学院责任清晰、各具特色、相互依存、优势互补；公立大学与私立大学则是各分秋色，大学之间的竞争激烈而有序。五是大学内部管理在强调民主化的同时更加注重效率。大学决策民主化程度较高，学术权力与行政权力相互协调；内部资源配置开始采用市场机制，极大地提高了管理效率。六是“以人为本”的理念渗透到办学的各个环节，师生权利得到保障，大学管理制度越来越人性化。发达国家的大学制度，代表着当今世界大学制度的先进水平和发展趋势，对我国现代大学制度的构建无疑具有借鉴和指导作用。

四、我国大学制度的创新

改革开放二十多年来，我国高等教育经历了拨乱反正、恢复重建、结构调整、扩大规模和加快发展的过程。高等教育要健康、快速发展，就必须建立起现代大学制度。借鉴发达国家的大学制度建设经验，结合我国的国情，笔者认为构建我国现代大学制度需要做好以下方面的工作：

1、建立“若即若离”的大学与政府之间的关系。

首先，大学自治与学术自由是现代大学制度的基础，是大学与政府之间“离”的根据。政府对大学的主要职责是：实施宏观布局与结构调整、制订大学竞争发展规则、提供物质支持和政策服务、运用市场机制在大学之间配置教育资源等。政府过多过细干预的结果是大学偏离大学规律，因此必须切实落实大学的自主权，用法律的形式有效规范政府与大学的关系。其次，大学公共服务性作用的彰显和政府对大学的有效支持，是大学与政府之间“即”的根据。“高等教育越卷入社会的事务中就越有必要用政治的观点来看待。就像战争的意义太重大，不能完全交给将军们决定一样，高等教育也相当重要，不能完全留给教授们决定。”政府是公共事务的管理者和大学的举办者，宏观调控是知识社会的需要。因此，平衡大学与政府之间的关系，保持既不过度干预又要有效支持的

“度”，是现代大学制度的首要责任。

2、建立紧密联系的大学与社会的关系。

在现代信息社会，大学与社会之间建立起紧密的联系是一种必然。一方面，大学是主要的“知识源”。社会对大学的需要从来没有像知识社会这么迫切，离开大学对知识的传播和创造，社会便不能进步，即使百姓日常生活中的小技术也有相当一部分来源于大学或大学培养的人才。另一方面，大学需要从社会中汲取能量来发展，离开社会的支持，大学难以为继。因为社会需要是知识的源头，大学是知识的加工厂，知识的商品化既是大学对社会的贡献也是大学谋生的手段。即使主要依靠政府拨款的公立大学，脱离社会的结果也只能是发展动力的丧失。因此，在现代知识社会，大学要么融人社会、要么自取消亡。大学与社会这种紧密关系的调整与维护，是现代大学制度的又一重要内容。

3、建立既竞争又合作的大学与大学之间的关系。

首先，社会需求是多种多样的，任何一所大学都不可能承担起如此繁杂的社会责任。追求办学特色是大学生命力的突出表现，现代大学制度必须保证大学的多样性和特色性。其次，大学竞争是大学发展的重要动力，也是使整个大学系统充满活力的必然选择，竞争的游戏规则是现代大学制度必须关注的重要内容。再次，现代科学知识在向深度发展的同时也越来越综合化，许多重大科学研究往往需要多学科的联合攻关才能解决，不是一所大学所能完成的。因此，大学合作是现代知识社

会发展的必然选择，现代大学制度必须为这种合作提供制度保证。

4、建立结构合理、管理科学、运转高效的内部管理制度体系。

相对于企业管理已有成熟的制度体系来讲，我国大学内部管理制度还处于探索之中：“激励一所大学是困难的”，其原因是现代大学已经发展成为“多元化巨型大学”，包括“多元的机构，若干个目标，若干个权力中心，为若干个顾客服务”。因此，合理调整内部结构、制订科学的管理制度、提高内部管理效率是现代大学制度的关键内容。从大学管理的历史来看，内部管理的民主化、资源配置的市场化和管理的人性化是大学内部管理的重要规律。

总之，现代大学制度的核心内容是：在保障大学自治与学术自由的前提下，政府宏观管理、市场有效调节、大学面向社会自主办学、大学内部实行民主管理。笔者相信，通过社会、高校、政府各方的努力，我国高校一定能建立起既符合世界大学发展规律又具有中国特色、既体现传统大学精神又具有鲜明的时代特征、既能有效激励大学又能有效规范大学的一整套制度体系。

谈松华解读“现代大学制度改革试点”内涵

ZCOM杂志门户 2010-03-02 14:03:35 作者:来源:中国教育新闻网

纲要教育改革与制度创新战略专题组长、中国教育学会常务副会长谈松华回答记者提问。张珏瑛摄

中国教育新闻网3月2日讯今天上午，教育部举行新闻发布会，请参与《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要》研制工作的有关专家和司局负责同志解读有关高等教育的内容。发会上，人民日报记者问道：在这次规划纲要当中提出了十个改革试点，其中之一是现代大学制度改革试点，具体内容是哪些？以及目前困扰我国建设现代大学制度落实和扩大办学自主权利的难点主要在哪里？

谈松华说，现代大学制度的建立有三个层面的问题要处理好：

一是大学和政府的关系。因为现代大学制度是建立在依法确定政府和大学关系这个前提之下，所以纲要提出实行政校分开、管办分离这样一个原则，也是在这个原则下来确保大学办学自主权。这个原则的含义就是，政府和大学是两种不同性质的机构，大学不是行政机构，所以大学不是政府的附属机构，它具有办学的自主性。管和办分开也是这个意思，政府是负责宏观管理，办学的权利是属于大学。

二是大学内部治理结构。大学内部治理结构在纲要中提到有几个方面的含义：首先是要制定大学章程，大学内部治理也要按照章程来实行治理，从这个意思来讲也可以说是依法治校，也就意味着今后我们的大学都要制定章程，来确定内部治理结构。我们的大学的领导体制是实行和完善党委领导下的校长负责制，同时又强调了教授治学，营造学术自由的氛围。大学治理中有一个行政权利和学术权利的关系，那就要在学术领域要充分尊重教授在治学中的重要作用，同时还要完善教职工代表大会和学生代表大会制度，实行民主管理。

三是大学和社会的关系。因为大学自主办学是需要有社会参与和社会监督的，因此要建立社会参与、社会合作制度。纲要提出了可以探索建立董事会或者理事会的制度，同时还强调了行业、企业和学校的合作办学，也提出了大学要向社会公开信息，要实行年报制度，让社会对大学有知情权。也可以说，现代大学制度最终是要建立一种大学自我发展又自我约束的制度。

推荐第9篇：21世纪大学英语教案第四册unit5

Unit 5 Text A Prison Studies I.Teaching Objectives

1. To understand the audio materials of this unit.2. To grasp the key words, Phrases and structure.3. To mast the skills of writing and reading in this unit.

1) understanding the writing skill of a personal narrative 2) mastering the reading skill of skimming the text for main ideas, and reading the text carefully for the details.II.Teaching Content 1.Lead-in activities

2.Text Organization 3.Skill learning in writing and reading

4.Language points ( key words, phrases and difficult sentences) 5.Grammar Focus (The pattern may / might as well do sth.

) 6.Guided Practice (exercises, oral practice and group work) 7.After-cla Aignments III.Teaching Proce

1.Warm-up Activity: Questions for Ss’ discuion: 1) What do you often do in your spare time? 2) What do you think of the role that reading plays in you life? 2.Text-organization Part I (Para1) Introduction: My profound knowledge is the result of my prison studies.Part II (Para 2-14) Main body: How I began my prison studies and how hard I kept it.Part III (Para 15-16) Conclusion: The prison studies is so significant that it has changed my

life course forever.3.Skill Learning in Writing and Reading Text A is an example of a personal narrative.Malcolm X is telling an important story from his own life, and he presents the events in the order in which they occurred.Malcolm X‟s story is effective because it is centered around a theme - how his prison studies have changed his life by giving him a love of reading – and because it contains many details that let the reader vividly picture the experience he is describing.

For example, to write a story of an important event from your own life.This could be an event from your personal life or an important event from your school career.Be sure to clearly describe the events and to include details which will let the reader know how you felt and why this event was important to you.

4.Language Points 1.Many who today hear me somewhere in person, or on television … will think that I went to school far beyond the eighth grade.– Many people who are actually present at my speeches somewhere or hear them on television these days… will think that I have got much more education than just eight years‟ schooling.If you do something or go somewhere in person, you do it or go there yourself so that you are physically present.e.g.I had seen her before on TV, but she looked very different when I met her in person.

They talk a lot to one another, over the telephone and in person.2.Bimbi had always taken charge of any conversation he was in, and I had tried to emulate him.– Bimbi had always been the leading speaker of any conversation in which he took part, and I had tried to follow his example.Take charge of – take control of; become responsible for e.g.The bo asked him to take charge of the office for a few days when she was away.

They advertised for a nurse to take sole charge of their children while they were at work.3.But every book I picked up had few sentences which didn‘t contain anywhere from one to nearly all of the words that might as well have been in Chinese.– But every book I took up was full of sentences which contained one or almost all of the words which were completely unknown to me.Few sentences which didn‟t contain = many sentences that contain Anywhere from one to nearly all – indefinitely from one to almost all You can use anywhere to refer to a point (e.g.an amount ) within a stated range when you do not know what exactly the point is.e.g.You could expect to be paid anywhere between $7 and $15 an hour.

He could get anywhere form three to seven years‟ imprisonment.

Words that might as well have been in Chinese – words that were as unknown to me as if they had been in Chinese 4.still going through only book-reading motions –still reading books without understanding what they said go through motions – pretend to do something by making the movements aociated with the particular action e.g.The actor went through the motions of putting imaginary noodles into his mouth.

He caught my eye and went through the motions of sympathetically clapping.

5.the best thing I could do was get hold of a dictionary – the best way to carry on reading was to find a dictionary get hold of – take in the hands; manage to find e.g.I threw him the rope and he got hold of it.

Where can I get hold of some stamps? The phrase get hold of is an infinitive without to used as the subject complement of the sentence.While in most cases an infinitive with to is used as the subject complement, to can be omitted when the subject contains a structure in which the verb do occurs.e.g.Your mistake was not to write that letter.What I suggest is to start work at once.All she seems to do is goip with her neighbors.What I really wanted to do was drive all night.

6.I was lucky enough to reason also that I should try to improve my penmanship.It was sad.– It certainly did me a lot of good to decide that I should also improve my handwriting, which was regretful.Penmanship refers to the skill, style or art in writing, while handwriting is simply a person‟s particular way of writing.e.g.He spends hours a day practicing penmanship.

I can‟t read his handwriting.

Sad can be used to expre regret about an unfortunate situation that is being described.e.g.The sad fact is that full employment may never be regained.

It‟s sad state of affairs when people are afraid to go out at night.

7.both ideas = the idea o learning new words and the idea of improving handwriting

8.thumbing uncertainly through the dictionary‘s pages –turn the dictionary‟s pages quickly and casually 9.to start some kind of action – in order to make a beginning, no matter what it was some kind of is used to describe or refer to something that is uncertain or is roughly like the thing mentioned.10.I copied … everything …, down to the punctuation marks.– I copied … everything …, including even the punctuation marks.Down to – including even e.g.She could describe what the other women in the room are wearing, down to the color of their stockings.

Nobody was free from suspicion, from the head boy down to the youngest pupil.11.I read back … everything I‟ve written on the tablet.

I woke up the next morning, … immensely proud to realize that not only had I written so much at one time, but I‟ve written words that I never knew were in the world.

Judging from the context in which the past tense is used with other verbs in the above two sentences, there seems to be an improper use of the present perfect tense where the past perfect tense should normally occur.The phrase I‟ve written should perhaps be replaced by “I‟d written”.12.Funny thing, from the dictionary‘s first page right now, that ―aardvark‖ springs to my mind.– It‟s strange that right at this moment that word “aardvark” which I learned from copying the dictionary‟s first page is still fresh in my mind.

Spring to / into – start or come into existence very quickly and suddenly e.g.Say the word “Australia” and the vision of beaches and blue seas immediately springs to my mind.

A computer will not spring into action without something powering it.13.live off (a particular kind of food) – live by eating the only kind of food e.g.These animals with long necks live off the leaves of tall trees.

We lived off fruit for a week.14.I went on into the B‘s.– I continued to copy the dictionary‟s B section.

15.That was the way I started copying what eventually became the entire dictionary.– In that way I started copying and finally I copied the whole dictionary.What is used here in the sense of “the thing that” to name or describe something often implying a changing proce in which something becomes true to that name of description.e.g.I share your concern about what is rapidly becoming a desperate situation.

The village was located in what is now a large industrial city.16.between what I wrote in my tablet, and writing letters – over the period of time from starting to write in my tablets to writing letters between here indicates a period of time from one event to another.e.g.between conception and biological birth

There was a gulf of ten years between him and his youngest sister.17.You couldn‘t have gotten me out of books with a wedge.– You could never have forced me away from books.A wedge is a piece of metal, wood, rubber, etc.with a pointed edge at one end and a wide edge at the other, which is either pushed between two objects to keep them still or forced into something to break pieces off it.For either of purposes a wedge is driven with force.18.in a prison where there was heavy emphasis on rehabilitation, an inmate was smiled upon if he demonstrated an unusually intense interest in books – in a prison whose chief objective was to help him live a normal life again, a prisoner was encouraged and approved if he showed particularly keen interest in books

smile on/upon sb./sth.– approve or encourage sb./sth.e.g.The government began to smile on small businees when it realized that they were the key to economic growth.

Fortune has smiled upon us (i.e.We are succeful ) today.19.Some were said by many to be practically walking encyclopedias.– Many people said that some inmates were very informative.A walking encyclopedia – a very informative person.Walking is used to describe a person in terms of an object, in order to emphasize a particular quality that the person has.e.g.a walking dictionary She‟s a walking history book.

20.when the new world opened to me, of being able to read and understand = when the new world of being able to read and understand opened to me read and understand –read with comprehension the word understand here is italicized for emphasis‟ sake.The author was now able to read and understand, but, earlier, he was “going through only book-reading motions(para.2)”

21.could check out more than the permitted maximum number of books – could borrow more books than the average inmate was permitted at most check out (a book, etc.) – register (a book, etc.) as having been borrowed 22.serious reading – reading that requires concentration to understand or appreciate, as in contrast to reading for pleasure 23.It always seemed to catch me right in the middle of something engroing.– Lights always seemed to be out just when I was reading something that completely held my interest.If you are in the middle of doing something, you are busy doing it and do not want to be interrupted.e.g.I was in the middle of washing up when the telephone rang.

He‟s in the middle of planning his departmental budget.

24.The glow was enough to read by, once my eyes adjusted to it.–As soon as my eyes became accustomed to it, the light from the corridor lamp was enough for reading.25.feign sleep – pretend to be asleep feign and pretend Both feign and pretend mean to put on a false or deceptive appearance, but feign is especially used of an emotion.e.g.Everyone feigned surprise when he told how old he was.

I don‟t want to go tonight – I shall feign (or pretend) illne.

She pretended that she was no at home when we rang the bell.26.in the years in the streets – in the years when I was homele 27.reflect upon / on –think deeply about; consider carefully when you reflect upon or on something, you think deeply and carefully about past events or about something that involves poibilities or opinions rather than definite facts.e.g.I reflected on all that he had said to me.

The manager demanded time to reflect upon what to do next.28.As I see it today, the ability to read awoke inside me some long dormant craving to be mentally alive.– Today I believe that it was my ability to read that made me conscious of a strong inner desire to be mentally active which had long been suppreed in me.Crave and desire Crave implies the force of physical or mental need (as of hunger, thirst, love, or ambition), while desire often implies intention or aim.e.g.He was craving for a smoke.

What people crave is peace and security.

He paionately desired to continue his career.

We all desire happine and health.29.I certainly wasn‘t seeking any degree, the way a college confers a status symbol upon its students.– Of course I wasn‟t studying for any university degree, which is a symbol of rank given to its students by a university.To confer something such as an honour, a gift or status on or upon someone means to give it to them.e.g.Degrees are conferred in July and December.

The honour was conferred on / upon him just after the war.30.I don‘t think anybody ever got more out of going to prison than I did.– I believe no one ever benefited more than I did from going to prison.Get sth.out of – gain or obtain sth.from e.g.I never get much out of his lectures.

She seems to get a lot out of life.5.Grammar Focus The pattern may / might as well do sth.You can use may as well or might as well do sth.To mean that you will do it although you do not have a strong desire to do it and may even feel slightly reluctant about it, or to suggest that no harm should be caused or no difference made by doing sth.Examples: I may as well admit that I knew the answer all along.Since nobody else wants the job, we might as well let him have it.I thought I might as well go: you can‟t keep saying no to people.6.Guided Practice (exercises, oral practice and group work) 1) Summary

A).Ask several students to retell the text by using their own words.B).Talk about the main idea or theme of the text.2) exercises: vocabulary and word-building 3) group the students in 4-6, discuing the topic “ what are the factors that contributed to your reading achievements”

7.After-cla Aignments

1.Recite the paragraph on page 45.and, 2.Finish the exercises of vocabulary and structure

Text B Reading for life Language Points: 1.Today is the first day of the rest of your life.What is implied by the statement is: How are you going to make a new beginning in your life? 2.Skills are skills.Pleasures are pleasures.—Skill s and pleasures are two absolutely unrelated things.You cannot have both at the same time.3.Reading is more than that.—Reading means more than just skill and pleasure.4.how to stay alive as long as you live—how to remain mentally active as long as you are physically alive 5.With some, youth slips away before being properly savored.–In the case of some people, their youthful days are quickly paed without being fully enjoyed.

6.―Some men see things as they are and say ‗Why?‘ I dream things that never were and say ‗Why not?‘‖—―Some people think of things as they exist and ask „Why do they exist?‟ I picture things that never existed and ask „Why did they never exist?‟”

7.After all , a little bit of greatne hides in everyone.Let books bring it into full bloom.—However, there is something great lying in every person.Let books help it to become fully developed.8.a measure of your poibilities—a means to know what you can poibly achieve

A poibility is something that you are able to do and that you might do.9.a vocational counselor and consultant—a person who gives expert advice to people who need guidance in deciding on their jobs 10.You may even find them rated.– You may even find these programs offered in different levels.11.The day of only one lifetime career may be almost over.– The time is almost gone when a person never changes his jobs or careers for life.12.out on the street—out of work 13.experience extender –supplement to experience 14.We‘re not born with instant replay.—We don‟t have the instinctive ability to experience again what has been already experienced.15.Books never impose on us.—Books never force us to read them.If someone or something imposes on you, they unreasonably expect you to do something for them or to spend time with them when you do not really want to.Examples: I hope it‟s not imposing on you, but could I stay to dinner?

推荐第10篇：21世纪大学英语教案第一册unit3

Unit 3: Stevie Wonder: Sunshine in the Shadow I.Teaching Objectives

1.Learn about the qualities a person should have to gain succe.2.Grasp the key words, Phrases and structure.3.Master the skills of writing and reading in this unit.

1) Developing a paage introducing a person\'s life story in sequence.2) Learning to find the supporting details after getting the main idea in each paragraph..3) Evaluating how convincing the supporting details .II.Teaching Content 1.Lead-in activities 2.Text Organization 3.Skill learning in writing and reading

4.Language points ( key words, phrases and difficult sentences) 5.Grammar Focus (subjunctive mood with if-clause, ”if” as the formal subject for an infinitive clause.) 6.Guided Practice (exercises, oral practice and group work) III .Teaching Proce

1.Warm-up Activity 1).Discuion

A)Listen to the song “I Just Call to Say I Love You”.

Imagine the life of the singer---his family, childhood, education, career, as well as his experience and life hobbies, etc.

B)How do you think you would feel if you became blind? How would it affect your life? 2).Questions about Text

Do you know who Stevie Wonder is? What do you know about him and his accomplishments? 3 ).Presenting the text by summing up the discuion.

The author presented tha idea that no matter what kind of adverse circumstances you are in, you could go out of it and succeed with your strong faith.Stevie Wonder was born blind, but he conquered the blindne by his love for music and his faith for religion.After succe, another tragedy struck, a car accident.All the fame, succe were nothing, what he had was just his faith and strong will.Through this experience, he cherished life and the world more.He is not only a succeful musican,but also brings sunshine to human especial those who are in the same adversity.

4).Background Information A).Stevie Wonder (1950- )

Pop star Stevie Wonder, who was born blind, has been a recording artist since the age of ten.His music and songs reflect his ability to draw on diverse themes and a rich variety of musical ideas and techniques.His biggest hits include “Ebony & Ivory” (1982) and “I Just Call to Say I Love You” (1984), which won an Academy Award as best original song.B).rock and roll, rap music, or pop music, country music

Rock and roll is a type of popular music, marked by a steady beat and a strong rhythm, which is often played at high volume.Rock music combines elements of blues, country and gospel and its popularity can be traced to the mid-1950s when Elvis Presley was its most succeful performer.By the early 1960s, rock and roll, which often expreed a rebellious attitude towards society, became the most popular form of music for teenagers and such British groups as the Beatles and the Rolling Stones were influential performers.Since the 1960s, rock and roll has gained worldwide popularity not only among teens, but also among persons of college age and older.2.Text Organization

Part I.(para.1-7) Stevie Wonder was born in a poor black family.Being blind and black and poor, his mother worried a lot for him, while he did not at all.He lived in his music world. Part II.(para.8-14) His talents was recognized and won fame. Part III.(para.15-18) A car accident changed his life.After he fought back from death, he cared more about the outside world.3.Skill learning in writing and reading 1) Skill learning in writing

A)This is a narration.This is a biography, including the basic informations of character, such as

birth, family, childhood and habit, characteristic and achievement etc..In this article, the author arranged it according to time.

B) symbol

shadow: blindne, poverty, unfortunate

sunshine: joyful music, love, happy

C) alliteration

It refers to the appearance of the same initial consonant sound in two or more words, such

as “proud as a peacock” and “blind as a bat”.Alliteration is often used in poetry to give emphasis to words that are related in meaning.Alliteration is sometimes used in prose for the same effect---to join two or more related words.

Stevie Wonder: Sunshine in the Shadow

blind and black

faith and fame

2) Skill learning in reading

Good writers do not simply tell you what they mean.Once they introduce a main idea (discued in Unit Two), they will then support it with examples, facts and statistic reasons and experiences of their own or of others.All of these are known as supporting details.Without them, a writer\'s ideas would remain abstract, vague, and therefore unconvincing.The ability to identify the supporting details a writer provides and to evaluate how convincing they are ---is another important reading comprehension skill.

4.Language Points 1).sunshine para.1 n.A) the light and heat of the sun B) fine weather C) enjoyment

eg.Cats like lying down in the ~.

Her presence always gives ~ to all of us.

[Proverb] After rain comes ~.雨过天晴；苦尽甘来.

sunshiny adj.full of sunshine; lively, happy

[C] a ray of sunshine 2).likely

para.2 adj.A）probable, that is expected

B）that seems reasonable, suitable, or right for a purpose

adv.most/very likely, probably

eg.The most ~ result is a draw.

A / That’s a ~ story!

It is ~ to rain tonight.

He isn’t ~ to win.

A ~ place for camping / a ~ place to camp

He will very ~ pa the exam.

Most ~ his attempt will fail.

He has most ~ lost his way.

likelihood

n.probability

eg.There is no / a strong ~ of his winning the first prize.

[C] be likely to do sth./be likely that

in all likelihood

likely enough

as likely as not 多半

[O] unlikely impoible improbable

[S] probable poible

3).resemble para.5 vt.be like or similar to

eg.He ~s his father closely.

She ~s her mother in character but not in qppearance.

resemblance n.

eg.There’s little ~ between them.

You have a strong ~ to your mother.

[C] resemble…in…

have a resemblance to 4).amaze vt.fill with great surprise or wonder

eg.His idlene ~d me.

I was ~d at / by his rapid progre in English./ I was ~d (that) he had made such rapid

progre in English.

amazing adj.

eg.She has an ~ talent for music.

amazingly adv.

amazement n.

[C] be amazed at / by / to do / that

to one’s amazement

in amazement 5).miracle n.A) act or event (sth good or welcome) which does not follow the known laws of

nature; remarkable and surprising event B) ~ of, remarkable example or specimen

eg.It was a ~ that the girl survived the plane crash.

The operation was a ~ of medical skill.

miraculous adj.like a miracle; contrary to the laws of nature; surprising

miraculously adv.

[C] work / do / accomplish / perform a miracle

by a miracle 6).prompt para.10 adj.acting, done, sent, given, without delay

vt. be the reason causing (sb to do sth)

eg.He is ~ in paying his debts.

He was ~ to act.

What ~ed his untimely retirement?

promptly adv.

promptne n. [C] be prompt in

be prompt to do sth

make prompt payment

prompt sb to do sth

at two (o’clock) prompt

7).congratulate vt.tell sb that one is pleased about sth happy or fortunate that has come to him

eg.I ~ you on your succe.

He ~d us on getting married.

I heartily ~ myself on having chosen a good woman to be my wife.

congratulation n.(often pl.) words that congratulate

eg.I offer you my hearty ~s.

~s on your succe.

[C] congratulate sb on / upon sth

congratulate oneself on 庆幸

congratulate heartily / sincerely

offer sb one’s congratulations on / upon sth

8).ease para.12 n.freedom from work, discomfort, trouble, difficulty, anxiety v.A) give relief to (the body or mind) from pain, discomfort, anxiety B) make looser, le tight; leen speed, efforts C) become le tense or troublesome

eg.He answered the questions with great ~.

We were sitting on the sofa at our ~.

The news that her son paed the exam ~d her mind.

Her words ~d me of my anxiety.

The headache has ~d.

This medicine will ~ the pain in your stomach.

Please ~ my dre at the waist.

[C] lead a life of ease in the country

ill at ease at (one’s) ease

feel at ease set your mind/heart at ease

ease sb of sth take one’s ease

with ease

stand at ease

have ease in old age 9).smash para.13 n.A）（= hit/smash hit）a great succe of a new play, film, book, etc.

B）

breaking into pieces; violent collision

v.（cause to）break into pieces violently

eg.Her performance was a tremendous ~.

He felt his health going to ~.

This unexpected news had ~ed all his hopes.

[C] go/come to smash

smash a record

[Compare] break into pieces

crash

crack

shatter

smash 和 break into pieces 的意思相同，是指突然用力把某物打得粉碎

break into pieces（break to pieces）侧重于使一件完整的东西碎成许多部分。

crack 和break 的意思相同，但crack侧重于裂开或产生裂纹，即破裂的碎片仍然连接在一起（the pieces remain together）

crash 是指突然发出强烈声响的碎裂。在用作不及物动词时，有发出响声的碰撞或撞坏的意思。

shatter 是指用力把某物砸成碎片，常用于易碎的物品，如瓷器、陶器、玻璃制品等。在比喻性的用法中，表示毁坏或使垮掉的意思。

10).formula para.14 n.(pl.~s, -mulae) A) statement of a rule, fact, etc esp one in signs or numbers, as in mathmatics; (chem.) expreion in symbols of the constituent parts of a subance B) set of directions, usu in symbols, for a medical preparation C) habitual way or manner

eg.The ~ for making this soft drink is a secret.

There is no easy ~ for succe.

[C] devise a formula

11).mature adj.fully grown or developed; tipe with fully developed powers

eg.The wine isn’t yet ~.

Can’t you behave in a ~ way?

This experience will ~ her greatly.

The wine has fully ~d.

maturity n.

maturely adv.

[C] a man of mature age

after mature considersation

a mature garden

[S] immature

12).independent para.15 adj.A) ~ of, not dependent on or controlled by (other person or things); not relying on others; not needing to work for living B) self-governing C) acting or thinking upon one’s own lines; free from control; not influenced by others

eg.That country became ~ in the sixties.

The job will make him ~ of his parents.

The two accidents are ~ of each other.

independence n.

independently adv.

[C] be independent of sb be independent of outside control

independently of

live a life of independence

[S] dependent adj.be dependent on / upon

depend v.depend on / upon 13).tragedy

n.A）serious plays with bad ending

B）terrible event that causes great

sadne.

eg.~ struck their family.

The ~ in the mine claimed 17 lives.

tragic adj.of tragedy

tragically adv.

[C] intensify the tragedy

suffer tragedy

[O] comedy 14).involve v.A) cause (sb or sth) to be caught or mixed up (in trouble, etc); get (sb or sth) into a complicated or difficult condition B) have as a neceary consequence

eg.Don’t ~ me in your quarrel.

Some senators were ~d in the scandal.

What does the job of editing ~？

Winning the game ~s both skill and fortune.

He is now ~d in stocks.

involved adj.A) complex B) be / become / get ~d in sth / with sb, be, etc concerned with sth / connected with sb

eg.Become ~d in criminal activities

get emotionally ~d with sb

involvement n.

[C] involve sb in / with

15).conquer para.17 vt.A) defeat or overcome enemies / bad habits, etc. B) take poeion of by force

eg.The country was ~ed by the invaders.

He ~ed the theatrical world.

How did you ~ the smoking habit?

conqueror n.one who ~s

conquest n.A) conquering (eg a country and its people) B) sth got by conquering

[C] a desire of conquest

make / win a conquest of 16).honor (BrE.: honour) vt.show great respect for sb./sth., give public praise and distinction to sb.

n.A) great respect; high public regard

B) good personal character; reputation for good behavior, loyalty, truthfulne, etc.

eg.The athletes competed for the ~ of their country.

She is an ~ to our school.

It is a great ~ to receive that prize.

Would you ~ us by visiting us / with a visit? = We would be ~ed if you would visit us.

honorable adj.

honorably

adv.

[C]

do honor to sb./do sb.honor

on one’s honor

on one’s (word of) honor

put sb.on his honor信任某人

win honor in war

show honor to one’s parents

achieve / attain / gain / win honor

deserve an honor

save one’s honor

a point of honor

have the honor of doing / to do

do the honors

give one’s word of honor

a man of honor

be on one’s honor to do / be bound in honor to do

in honor of sb./in one’s honor = out of respect for sb.

do sb.the honor of/have the honor of/to

[I] maid of honor

guard of honor

Your/His Honor

full military honors

[S] respect esteem revere reverence regard

honor是respect highly的意思，是从“承认别人的荣誉”和“给予荣誉”的意思演变来的。

respect和esteem的意思相同，但esteem是由内在的价值（intrinsic worth）所引起的尊重，respect是由外部的特征（extrinsic qualities）所引起的尊重。

esteem是think highly of的意思，对人来说，多指对道德品质（moral worth）的尊重。esteem除respect的意思之外，还有听从和爱慕的意思，即敬爱某人或听从他的意见。

revere是regard with great respect的意思，是从fear的意思演变而来的，即有敬畏的意思，有宗教性的虔诚的意思。比reverence的词义更强，和honor相比较，honor是把尊敬的心情用行为表现出来，revere是畏惧伴随着尊敬，但现不常用。

reverence是show deep respect的意思，是用看得见的行为表示尊敬。revere是内心有畏惧的感情，reverence常常只限于表面上的尊敬，所以有可能对人reverence，而实际上并不revere。reverence更常用作名词(pay reverence at)。

regard是pay attention to 的意思，也常用作esteem的意思，尤其在否定句中。

[O] disrespect

dishonor 17).urge vt.A）beg or persuade with force

B）tell of with force, stre

n.strong desire

eg.They ~d me to eat the strange food.

He ~d on us the neceity of patience.

She ~d that I (should) qpologize to him.

Lust for money ~d him to the risky task.

He felt a sudden ~ to write a novel.[C] urge one’s way

urge sth.on/upon sb.

urge sb.on/to do sth.

secretly urge

have/feel an urge/no urge to do sth.

18).harmony para.18 n.A) agreement (of feelings, interests, opinions, etc.)

B) pleasing combination of related things

eg.Maintain the ~ between the two nations harmonious adj.A) in agreement, free from ill feeling

B) pleasingly or satisfactorily arranged

[C] achieve harmony

establish harmony

spoil/strengthen harmony

in harmony (with)

out of harmony with 19).fame n.(condition of) being known or talked about by all; what people say (esp good) about sb

eg.He was not anxious for ~.

His ~ as a poet did not come until after his death.

famed adj.famous

eg.~ for their courage

[C] renow / come to / win / earn / attain / achieve / reach fame

good / ill fame

be famed for

follow fame

extend one’s fame

be eager for fame

[Compare]

fame renown reputation repute

fame可以好的或坏的名誉，通常是指好的名誉(good repution)，在指坏的名誉时，常在fame前加ill或bad，有时fame只限于传闻。

renown和fame的意思相同，但词义更强，是指杰出的、显赫的名声(high reputation)。

reputation是日常用语，repute是比较庄重的词，但词义不如fame广泛。Reputation和repute都侧重于个人的有根据的名声。

famous

celebrated

well-known

noted famed

famous和well-known或celebrated的意思相同，但使用范围更广，通常指好的人或物，不用于有名的坏人。

celebrated有家喻户晓常挂在人们嘴边上(spoken of everywhere)的意思，原义是隆重纪念的(commemorated in a solemn way)，只用于好的人或物。

well-known是口语，强调为世人所熟悉，但不如famous的词义强。

noted的词义较弱，不仅用于好的意思，也用于坏的出了名的意思。

famed一词有时出现在美国的报纸上，但一般不常用。famed不仅用于好的人或物，也可以用于坏的方面。

20).and likely would always be that way

Paraphrase--------would probably remain blind all his life 21).As far as he knew, that was all anyone could do.

Paraphrase--------As Stevie was born blind, he had no idea what sight was.He thought that, like himself, all other people were only able to hear, smell and touch.22).clap time to the beat

Paraphrase--------clap hands by following the rythem of the music 23).The new name stuck.

Paraphrase--------People have since called him by this name.24).Steive fought back from the shadow of death as he had once fought out from the shadow of

blindne.

Paraphrase--------With great effort, Stevie removed himself from the threat of death as he had once freed himself from the nisfortune of blindne. Useful Phrases in Unit 3 bring up sb.

抚养，养育某人 learning about the world

了解世界 as far as sb.know

据某人所知 bear the poverty/hardships

忍受贫穷/艰辛 get tired of sth.

对某事厌倦，厌烦 not realize…until

直到…才意识到 draw crowds of people

吸引成群的人 teach myself to do sth.

自学做某事 hurt one’s feeling

伤害某人的感情 congratulate oneself on sth.

为某事而自我庆辛 do sth.with ease

毫不费力地做某事

one（succe）after another

连接的/一次又一次的（成功） it is unwise to do sth.

做某事是不明智的 against one’s wish/will

违背某人的意愿/意志 to one’s surprise/disappointment

使某人惊奇/失望的很 explore new world/knowledge

探寻新的世界/知识 be struck by a tragedy/disaster

灾难降临到…头上 be involved in

卷入；牵涉进

it doesn’t matter whether（that）

是否…不重要/无所谓 conquer poverty

战胜贫困

reevaluate one’s goal in life

重新评价自己的人生目标 to honor sb.

向某人表示敬意；给予荣誉 bring happine/joy to sb.

给某人表示幸福/欢乐 form an…impreion of sb./sth.

对某人/某事形成…印象 reach one’s full potential

充分发挥自己的潜力 accept sth.as true

承认某事是真实的 make remarks about sth.

评论某事

imagine/picture oneself doing

想象自己在做… improve skills

提高技艺

react to sth.

对某事作出反应

base sth.on sth.

以某事为根据，依据 make a remarkable improvement in

在…有显著的改善 bring sth.in line with sth.else

使某事与某事一致 it is generally accepted that

普遍认为

do oneself justice

充分发挥自己的能力 improve on

改进

work on the task/problem

致力于这项任务/这个问题 wipe out

消灭

do harm to sb.

对某人有害 neceary steps in doing

做…的必要步骤 dwell on sth.

细想某事, 详述某事 feel guilty about sth.

对某事感到内疚

expect much/little of oneself

对自己的期望很高/低 reach perfection

达到尽善尽美 be doomed to failure

注定要失败 have health problems

身体不太好

one’s health improves

某人的健康有所改善 be committed to sth.

专心从事于… register to run in a marathon

报名跑马拉松 be in the company of sb.

由某人陪伴 come into view/sight

进入视野

inspire/encourage sb.to do sth.

激发/鼓励某人做某事 be caught up in the scene

被这景象迷住了 offer words of wisdom/motivation

讲些机智的/鼓励的话 one’s words fail

说不出话来

rejoice over/at sth.

为…而欢欣/高兴/欣慰 5.Grammar Focus 状语从句中的until 1)until 和 before 都表示主句的事件或状态先于时间状语从句的事件或状态,但是until 强调的是主句事件或状态的终结点。 eg. Read the document carefully before you sign it.

They talked about Stephen until they reached Canterbury. 2).till 的意义与until相同，更常用于口语和非正式书面语。

eg. He will have to wait till we’ve finished here.

3).until/till 在翻译时，若主句谓语是延续性动词，译作“一直到…时”，若主句谓语是瞬

间性动词，则译作“一直到…才”。

Eg. Mary lived with her aunt until she married.结婚前，玛丽一直和她姑妈住一起。

My brother didn’t leave until I arrived. 我到了以后，我哥才走。 6.Guided Practice

1) do comprehension exercises on P69.

2) do Exercise V on P71.

3) do translation P74 7.Summary

1) group discuion

A) What does\"sunshine in the shadow\" mean?

B) What do you learn from Stevie Wonder?

2) Ask several students to retell the story of Stevie Wonder.8.After-cla Aignments 1) Do Exercise X P73 and Exercise XI P74. 2) Write a journal about yourself showing that you are talented in a certain sport, or a subject.( at least 100 words)

Text B We Are What We Think We Are 1.Text-related Information 1)self-image

The term self-image refers to the various beliefs individuals have about what they are like, such as how clever they believe themselves to be, or how they think these appear in the eyes of others.Individuals differ in how realistic they are in their aements of self.

2) A bull’s eye is an eye of a bull, about the same size as the small black spot at the center of a target, which was perhaps so named for its resemblance to an eye of a bull.But it is poible that a bull’s-eye takes its name from a British coin called the bull’s-eye, which was worth a crown, or five shillings.The coin was so named poibly because the one-crown piece was often bet on the outcome of a bull contest; when one put money “on the bull’s eye” one was betting on the bull. 2.Language Points

1).We are what we think ourselves to be

Paraphrase---we are the kind of people that we believe ourselves to be.

...our pictures of who we are ... ...impreions of who we think we are. ...the student became what he thought he was.

The use of what and who in such sentences may have different implications: what usually implies a person’s job or position while who, his/her name or relationship with someone else. 2).accept as true the wrong images of self.Para.2

Paraphrase-----accept the wrong images of self as being true and accurate.3) The aim is to dind the \"real\" self, to bring our mental images of ourselves in line with our true potential.Para.4

in line with

---remaining or changing at the same rate or in proportion to sth.or sb.

Translate The salaries of temporary employees ought to be in line with those of permanent staff.

Key: 临时工应与正式员工一样同工同酬。

4) However, it is generally accepted among psychologists that most of us fail to do justice to ourselves.Para.4

do justice to oneself— to treat/show oneself in the best poible way

e.g.

The photograph does not do full justice to the rich colours of the garden. Since we’d already eaten, we couldn’t do justice to her cooking.

5) But when they have taught us what we did wrong, we should forget them and not dwell on them.Para 6

dwell on/upon—to deal with it for a lot of time; to think, talk or write about it a great deal

Translate In his speech, he dwelt on the problem of the sick and hungry.

Key: 他在发言时始终在谈那些生病和挨饿的人群的问题。

6) If our goal is to reach perfection, we are doomed form the start.Para.7

Translate

we are doomed from the start.------

Key: 我们从一开始就注定要失败。

第11篇：21世纪大学英语教案第三册unit7

Unit 7 Text A So What’s So Bad About So-So? I.Teaching Objectives: 1.To make clear the writer’s purpose to write the text and the ideas about the pleasures of doing something badly now and then.2.To grasp the key words and phrases.3.To master the skills of writing and reading in this unit.1) To introduce a thesis with the specific-to-general structure.2) To understand idiomatic expreions.II.Teaching Content 1.Lead-in Activities 2.Text Organization 3.Skill Learning in Writing and Reading 4.Language Points( key words, phrases and difficult sentences) 5.Grammar Focus (phrases as far as…be concerned & it’s time it’s high time) 6.Guided Practice (exercises, oral practice and group work) III.Teaching Proce 1.Warm-up Questions (based on the listening material) 1) which sport is it about? Compare your equipment list with the equipment mentioned on the tape.

2) What attracts you to the activities that you enjoy in your spare time? 3) How important is it to you to “ do them right”?

2.Text Organization Part I (Paras.1-4)

(From one specific example of the author’s poor piano playing, the author introduces the general thesis:) In the competitive world today, we should be “experts” even in our hobbies.(What about the author’s own point of view?)

Part II (Paras.5-9) The author gives five more examples to illustrate that this thesis has been widely accepted .Part III (Para.10) The terrible result this thesis leads to.(What’s the result?) Part IV (Paras.11-12) The author states her position: It’s time we put a stop to all this.3.Skill Learning in Writing and Reading 1) The specific-to-general structure (take Text A for example)

The author starts with a specific example (her bad piano-playing);

She then moves to a more general statement about herself;

And this leads to her general thesis.2) Understanding idiomatic expreions

To hypothesizing the meaning of idiomatic expreions with the context clues ― examples, explanations, contrasts or parallel phrases.4.Language Points 1) the other afternoon— on the afternoon a few days ago (para.1) Also: the other day (para.7), the other morning, etc. 2) My performance would make any serious music student weep…(para.2)

serious---deeply interested; devoted Example: If you’re serious about becoming an actre, you need proper training.weep — v.to shed (tears) as an expreion of emotion 3) (every) now and then---sometimes but not very often or regularly (para.3) Examples: Now and then my new method appears to work.I still see her for lunch every now and then, but not as often as I used to.4) out of style—unfashionable; out of fashion (para.4) Example: A style does not go out of style as long as it adapts itself to its period.5) a mark of cla— a symbol of a person’s social position; a characteristic feature which indicates that a person is cultured and civilized (para.4) Example: His shirt is ironed and that was a mark of cla.6) You can’t tone up your body by pulling on your gym shoes…(para.5) tone up — (cause to) become stronger Examples: He suddenly toned up and reproached the boy for carelene.I lift weights at the gym everyday to tone up my body.pull on/off — put (clothing, etc.) on/off by pulling Examples: Help me pull on these boots — they are very tight. He began to pull off his shirt.7) take up (an activity, subject, etc.)—become interested in it and spend time doing it, either as a hobby or as a career (para.5) Examples: He decided to take up a career.I thought I’d take up fishing.

8) be in (good, bad, etc.) shape — be in (good, bad, etc.) condition

(para.5) Examples: The house was in absolutely good shape.

She runs 3 miles every day to keep herself in shape.9) As far as sports enthusiasts are concerned if you…..hopelely committed to embarraing yourself. (para.5) as far as sb/sth be concerned---in sb’s opinion commit (sb/ sth ) to ---put (sb/sth) in (a state or place) Examples: The names were committed to memory.

Signing this form commits you to buying the goods.10) In case you don’t know,… (para.6)

in case— In case is used when you are giving a piece of information in order to introduce the reason why you are giving it.Examples: In case you didn’t know, there are three basic wines: red, white and rose.Mary, in case you’ve forgotten, hasn’t forgiven you.

11) as it happens/ happened---by chance; although not planned.(sth rather surprising) (para.6) Examples: As it happens, I know someone who might be able to give you some advice.As it happened, I had a few minutes to spare.12) I blew it. (para.7) Paraphrase---I made a mistake and mied the proper time (for your soccer instruction)

blow---vt.(infml) do clumsily or badly; mishandle; ruin

Blow it is often used when you are given an opportunity but you fail to take advantage of it by doing or saying something wrong.Examples: It was your last chance and you blew it.I gue I blew it when I turned down the job offer, didn’t I?

13) be out to do/for sth.— want or intend to do/to achieve sth. (para.7) Examples:You might feel that they’re out to use your house as a free hotel.

Mark my words — he’s only out for one thing and that’s her money.14) Competition keeps getting in the way.--- Competition is always preventing kids from having fun.

If something gets or stands in the way of something else, it make it difficult for that thing to happen, continue, or be appreciated properly.Examples:She won’t let anything get in the way of her ambitions.May nothing stand in the way of your future happine together.15) Homework and tennis and piano leons kind of eat it all up. (para.8)

kind of ---(infml) somewhat; to some extent Examples:Actually, I felt kind of sorry for him.I kind of thought you might help me.

eat up--- use or consume (money, time, or fuel ) in large quantities Examples:A big car like that eats up petrol.Rising costs were eating up most of the profits.16) occupations at which no particular expertise is expected (para.9)

occupation---an activity in which you engage habitually, either sth that you do for pleasure or as part of your daily life or a job or profeion.Examples:Cycling was his favorite occupation.Everyone, irrespective of age, sex or occupation.

expertise---n.expert knowledge or skill, esp.in a particular field.

Examples:Customers will be impreed by the expertise of our highly trained employees.We admired the expertise with which he prepared the meal.17) It strikes me as so silly. (para.10) Paraphrase----I think that’s very silly.

strike sb.as---have an effect on sb.or impre sb. Examples:The plan strikes me as ridiculous.Henry strikes me as a very dull boy.18) Make peculiar-looking objects out of clay. (para.11) Cf.peculiar, odd and strange Peculiar implies marked or conspicuous distinctivene, odd strees a departure from the usual, the normal, or the regular, while strange, the most comprehensive of the three words, suggest unfamiliarity.

Examples:This difference arises from the peculiar character of the US government.Some great men have odd habits.To most of us the art of India is strange.Cf.clay, soil and mud Clay is earth that is used to make things such as pots, soil is the top layer of earth in which plants grow, and mud is wet and sticky earth sometimes used for building a house. Examples:A clay pigeon is a disk made of clay fired into the air to be shot at for sport.The soil here is very fertile.They lived in a mud hut.The boy was covered with mud.18) the joy of creative fooling around---the fun in not doing things seriously. (para.11)

fool around--- to behave in a playful, silly, or irresponsible way without thinking seriously about what you are doing.Examples:We spend the afternoon fooling around on the beach.Don’t fool around with matches.

19) out of shape---unhealthy and unable to do a lot of physical activity without getting tired.(para.12) 5.Grammar Focus 1) as far as…be concerned

This phrase is used of either people or things to indicate that the people or things are involved or affected in that way or to that extent.Examples:As far as older people are concerned, they need to keep mentally active as well.The rise in interest rates will be disastrous as far as small busine are concerned.

When the phrase is used of people, it may also mean in … ’s opinion.

Examples:This is all rubbish as far as I’m concerned.

As far as we were concerned, they were foreigners.2) it’s time and it’s high time---sth ought to happen or be done sooner without delay.Examples:It’s time to go It’s time to lunch

It’s high time for Europe to take responsibility for its own defense and stop depending on the United states

When it’s time or it’s time is followed by a that-clause, the verb in the clause is in the past With the meaning of the whole sentence in the present.Examples: I think it’s time(that) we stopped.

It’s time(that) the school improved its meal service.It’s high time(that) we had our car serviced.6.Guided Practice 1) Answer questions with imagination (Page 205) a) If you were to take the author’s advice and start some new hobby this week, what would it be? b) Have you ever felt too shy or embarraed to try some leisure activity? What was it, and what were you afraid of? c) Your teacher is looking for a new hobby.What do you recommend? Why? 2) Group discuion a) What’s your hobby?

b) Do you have several hobbies or just one? c) Are you an expert at your hobby/ hobbies or are you just an amateur? d) Do you think it’s okay not to be an expert at hobbies? 3) Ask several students to retell the text by using their own words.7.After-cla Aignment 1) Review Text A 2) Do exercises: Structure (Ex.X, p.209) Cloze (Ex.XI, p.209) Translation (Ex.XII, p.210) 3) Structured Writing (p.213)

Text B Stripping Down to Bare Happine Language Points 1.bare happine--- happine of life consisting of the most basic and important things.2.What we’re talking about is simplification, not deprivation.---- What we mean is a simple life, not a needy one.

deprivation---the state of not having the normal benefits of adequate food, etc.Examples: She led a life of comparative deprivation.There were food shortages and other deprivations.(=lack of the things that are usually considered neceary for a pleasant life ) during the war.

3.you really lose your taste for them.--- you’re really bored of them.

4.a two-career couple--- a couple with husband and wife having full-time jobs.5.Neither one of them was willing to jam what they considered the most important part of their life into the brief time before work and the tired hours afterward.---Neither the husband nor the wife was satisfied with a home life ― the part of life they considered most important ― only in their spare time or after work when they are in a hurry or tired.6.to trade two full-time careers for two half-time careers, and to cut back on consumption--- to change two full-time jobs for two part-time jobs and to reduce expenses.7.construction of a world where family and friendship, work and play, are all of a piece.--- creation of a lifestyle in which each aspect of one’s existence does not conflict with the other.

If something with several different parts is (all) of a piece, it is the same throughout or consistent in some way.If one thing is (all) of a piece with another, it is consistent with it.Examples: The building is remarkably of a piece architecturally.

The new measures are all of a piece with the government’s policy.

8.a living area defined by a comfortable couch and a wood stove.---an area set apart for general use during the day time by a comfortable couch and a wood stove

define---vt.Determine the boundaries of

9.Don’t they mi what they do without?--- Don’t they feel regret at the absence of certain things in their life?

do without--- manage or survive in spite of not having (sth) Examples: Many people living in old houses still do without a bathroom.If you don’t have cigarettes, you must simply do without.

10.items that just went to waste.---things that were simply to be thrown away in the end.

If sth goes to waste, it remains unused, goes bad and is thrown away.11.By sifting and discarding, and by keeping track of what they have--- By picking out what is needed and throwing away what is usele, and by knowing well all the time what they poe.1.they aren’t constantly satiated with images of new (and unneceary) temptations.--- they are rarely tempted by descriptions of new (and usele) articles in advertisements.

13.expenses of work in the commuter age--- costs in going to and from work in the age in which people spend much of their time and money driving back and forth to work between a suburb and a city.14.first-run movies---movies available for public viewing for the first time, of which the tickets are expensive.

15.thrift shops---shop that sell secondhand articles and exp.Clothes, and are often run for charitable purpose.16.that’ so much a part of this culture---which is in the basic character of this society.17.giving myself in high marks in some areas, surprised at my socially sanctioned irrational behavior in others---deciding that I do pretty well in some areas while finding, to my surprise, that my behavior in other areas, though socially accepted is irrational.

18.It is a world of illusion, this shopping merry-go-round we ride, but with all the action and excitement, it’s sometimes hard to find the resolve and the courage to dismount.---Shopping often gives false impreions, and going shopping is like riding the merry-go-round.It’s often so exciting that it becomes addictive.It is sometimes as difficult to find the determination and the courage to stop shopping as to get off that fast revolving machine.

第12篇：全新版大学英语教案_3

全新版

大学英语教案

课程名称：大学英语二级

课

时：64课时

教材：大学英语综合教程2 学生：2级学生

Unit 4 The Virtual World

Language Points

1.Virtual: 1) created and existing only in a computer 1

virtual displacement (物) 虚移位

virtual focus (物) 虚交点

virtual height (物) 虚高(电离层中一层的视高度)

virtual image (物) 虚像

virtual memory (计) 虚拟存储器

virtual storage (计) 虚拟存储(器)

virtuality n.1.实际、本质

2.内在、潜在

2.being or acting as what is described, but not accepted as such name or officially

The once elegant temple lay in virtual ruins.

一座当初精致的庙宇几乎成了一堆废墟。 2.interpret:

1) understand (sth.said, ordered, or done)

She interpreted his look.

她领会他的眼色。

2) give or provide the meaning of, explain

interpret a dream 圆梦

Poetry can hardly be interpreted.诗无定诂。

Literature helps to interpret life.

文学有助于阐明人生的意义。

3) translate what is said in one language into another.

e.g (teacher’s book page41)

interpretable 可解释的

a.interpretation

n.interpretative 解释的

interpreter

n.interpretre 3.tone: a particular quality or intonation of voice

eg.a voice with full clear tone 洪亮清晰的嗓音

an angry tone of voice 愤怒的嗓音

tone arm (唱机的) 拾音器臂

tone cluster (音) 音族

tone colour (音) 音色

tone control 音调调节(器) 4.stretch: (cause to) become longer, wider, etc.without breaking He yawned and stretched himself.

他打个哈欠,伸一伸懒腰。 He stretched his arm up as far as he could 他把手臂尽量往上伸。 Stretch out a friendly hand to sb.

向某人伸出友谊之手。 Stretch – out

a.伸出的、展开的、延伸的 Stretcher n.Stretcher-bearer

n.担架手、担架兵

5.submit: give (sth.) to sb.so that it may be formally considered (followed by to)

submit one’s application to sb.for his consideration

把自己的申请提交某人审议

Submit the names to the Senate for conformation.

把名单送交参议院批准。

Submit an article to the editor of a magazine.

把文章

More eg.(teacher’s book page 41) 6.edit: revise or correct

edit the complete works of Allen Poe

编艾伦• 坡作品全集

edit one’s thoughts before speaking

演说前整理一下思想

edit a daily newspaper

主编一份日报

edition

edition deluxe （法）（书籍的）精装版本，豪华版

editor

editorial n.社论 7.at times: sometimes 8.take in: absorb (sth) into the body by breathing or swallowing

eg.(TB page 42)

Fish take in oxygen through their gills.

鱼通过鳃摄取氧气。

9.spit: send (liquid, food, etc.) out from the mouth

spit sth (out)(at/on/onto sb./sth.)

He was spitting blood after being hit in the mouth.

他的嘴挨了打之后，吐出血来。

In many countries it is considered rude to spit in public.

在许多国家，当众吐痰属不雅行为。

He is inclined to spit when he talks quickly.

他说话快了就爱喷吐沫星。

10．on line: connected to or controlled by a computer (network)

eg.(teacher’s book page 43) 11.symptom:

1) sign of the existens of sth.bad (坏事的) 征兆、征候

This demonstration was a symptom of discontent among the students.

这次示威表明学生中有不满情绪。

2) change in the body that indicates an illne 症状

the rash that is a symptom of measles

麻疹症状呈现的疹子

12.conversely: in a way that is opposite to sth.eg.(teacher’s book page 43) You can add the fluid to the power or, conversely, the powder to the fluid.

可以将液体加到粉末里，或者相反，将粉末加到液体里。 13.but then: yet at the same time eg.(teacher’s book page 43) 14.jar: have a harsh or an unpleasant effect (jar sth., jar on sb./sth) eg.(TB page 43) 15.suck in: involve (sb.) in an activity, an argument, etc., usu.Against their will (used in the pattern: suck sb.in/into sth.; suck in) 将某人卷入（丑闻、争论等）之中（通常为不情愿者）

I don’t want to get sucked into the row bout school reform.

我不愿意牵扯到这场学制改革的争论之中。 16.in sight:

1) visible

It was early in the morning and there wasn’t anyone in sight on campus.

As the train pulled into the station my parents standing on the platform were soon in sight.

2) likely to come soon

Two months paed, and victory was not yet in sight.

The end of the economic nightmare is still nowhere in sight.

A solution to the problem of environmental pollution now seems in sight.17.remark: thing said or written as a comment I remarked that we mustn’t buy things we didn’t need.我说用不着的东西我们决不要买。

A local newspaper remarked that inflation was not to be checked for the time being.

一个地方报纸评论说，通货膨胀一时抑制不了。

18.cue: anything that serves as a signal about what to do or say (followed by to/for) throw cues to sb.给某人暗示

The time had come to say good night.At mother’s cue, we all ascended.到上床睡觉的时候了。在妈妈的暗示之下，我们都上楼去了。 The immediate cue for the military takeover 军方接管的直接信号 As if on cue 似乎接受了信号（或提示）一样 The horses reacted as if on cue.

马像得了信号一样地起了反应。 19.routine:

1) n.例行公事；日常工作；惯例；惯常的（或机械的）程序

start the daily (morning) routine 开始日常（早晨）的例行公事

upset an established routine 打乱既定惯例

do sth.according to routine 按常规做某事

2) n.（经常表演的）固定节目；节目；一套固定舞步（或动作）

Performing her bold and difficult routines with consummate control, she tallied three 10s. 她以完美的平衡技巧完成规定的高难度惊险动作，得了3个10分。 3) a.例行的；日常的；惯例的；用常规的

Despite there problems, routine work is continuing.

尽管有了这些问题，日常工作还是照例进行。

20.rely on/upon: rely on/upon sb./sth.(to do sth.) 1) count depend on sb./sth.指望或依赖某人（做某事）

Nowadays we rely increasingly on computers for help/to help us.

现今人们越来越依赖计算机协助工作。

You can rely upon it that it will rain this weekend.

你放心好了，本周末一定下雨。

2) have trust or confidence in sb./sth.信任或依赖某人（某事物）

You can rely on me to keep your secret.

你尽管相信我一定为你保密。 21.abuse:

1) v.make bad or wrong use of (sth.) 滥用、芒用（某事物）

abuse one’s authority, sb’s hospitality, the confidence placed in one 滥用权威、辜负某人的热情招待、辜负对自己的信任 2) v.trust (sb.) badly; exploit 虐待某人；剥削

3) n.wrong or bad use or treatment of sth./sb.对某事物（某人）的滥用、妄用或虐待

drug abuse 滥用麻醉药品

4) n.unjust or corrupt practice 恶性；弊端；不正之风

put a stop to political abuse 煞住政治上的不正之风

5) abuse of sth.: wrong or bad use of sth.对某事物的滥用、妄用

an abuse of trust, privilege, authority 辜负别人的信任、滥用特权、滥用权力

abusive: adj.(of speech or a person) criticizing harshly and rudely; insulting

（指言语或人）责骂的，辱骂的

He became abusive, is began uttering angry insults, curses, etc.

他骂起来了。

Abusively: adv.22.restore: v.1) restore sth.(to sb./sth.) 将（某事物等）归还原主

Police restore the stolen jewels to the showroom.

警察将被盗的珠宝交还给了陈列室。

2) restore sb.(to sth.): restore sth.(to sb.) 使某人（某物）恢复原先的状况

restore sb’s beauty, sight, confidence, etc.

恢复某人的姿色、势力、信心等 23.flee:

1) flee (from sb./sth.) 逃跑；逃避；避开；（尤指遇到危险、威胁等）逃离

The customers fled (from the bank) when the alarm sounded.

警铃响起，顾客纷纷（从银行）逃走。

2) 逃避，逃离（某人或某事物）

During the civil war thousands of people fled the country.

在内战期间成千上万的人逃离了这个国家。 24． tune:

1) n.曲调，曲子（尤其指有明显旋律的）

whistle a catchy tune

用口哨吹一支很顺口的曲子。

Modern music has no tune to it. 现在音乐毫无旋律可言。

2)v.为（乐器）调音，调（音）

3) (be) tuned (in) to sth.(of a radio, etc.) 调整频率等以接收某一节目 4) tune sb.to sth.

Voters always elect the candidate most tuned in to their needs. 选民总是选那些最能体察其疾苦的侯选人。

第13篇：大学行业实用英语教案Unit 14

Unit 14 Setting Up Your Own Busine Text A Thinking of Starting a Small Busine? I Teaching Materials: 1) 21st Century Practical College English for Specific Purposes II Aimed Students: Undergraduates in grade two, non-English majors III Academic Year: The second semester-14152 IV Teaching Objectives: 1.Knowledge objective：

* Grasp the key profeional terms and conceptions * Master language points and grammars * Understand what qualities and abilities one needs to start up a busine * Know how to avoid busine failure 2. Ability objective：

* Be able to expre more freely on the theme of Setting up a Busine 3.Culture objective：

* Getting to know more about the entrepreneurs who get rich young * Learning about more about the famous corporations like Siemens, etc. V Teaching Content

1.Lead-in 2.Structure of the text 3.Language and cultural points 4.Interaction 5.Aignments VI Teaching Procedures 1.Lead-in 1) Video Clip Appreciation--- American Dream in China Watch the video clip and fill in the blanks with words and expreions you’ve heard.2) Video-Related Discuion * What lures Cheng Dongqing to set up his own busine? * What contribute to his succe? 2.Structure of text This paage can be divided into 2 parts: Part One: (Paras.1-3) Three questions to ask yourself before setting up busine.Part Two: (Paras.9-12) Entrepreneurial Qualities for setting up one’s own busine.3.Language and cultural points

1) on the right track — acting or progreing in a way that is likely to succeed Example:

Guests are returning in increasing numbers----a sign that we are on the right track.2) ups and downs — conceive a liking for Example: The way ahead is full of ups and downs, but that doesn’t worry us.

[Phr] highs and lows高高低低

dribs and drabs 点点滴滴

pros and cons 利与弊

far and near 到处 3) exhilarating — very happy and excited

Example: It was exhilarating to be on the road again and his spirits rose.

4) ambivalent — be uncertain to decide about what course to follow

Example:

I’ve never lied about my feelings, including my ambivalence about getting married. 5) discipline--- the practice of making people obey rules or standard of behavior

Example: Order and discipline have been placed in the hands of headmasters,

[Derivative] self discipline

6) be cut out to--- having the qualities to do a particular type of work well Example: I’m sure he would make a good journalist; he is cut out for the job.7) initiative--- the ability to decide what to do next and to do it, without need other people to tell you what to do..Example: The desire and willingne to take the initiative is important [Phr] take/seize the initiative 采取主动

on one’s own initiative 主动的 8) at the mercy of--- in the control of

Example: Buildings are left to decay at the mercy of vandals and the weather.建筑物因人为的肆意破坏几风吹日晒而日益破败。

9) get sth.off the ground--- get started or set in motion Example: It will take time and money to get the project to get off the ground [Phr] hold/stand one’s ground 坚持立场、坚守阵地

suit sb.Down to the ground （工作、衣服等）完全适合

on one’s own ground

在自己（熟悉）的领域里

go to ground 躲藏起来、潜伏起来

10) “Think of it as a marriage; running a succeful small busine takes the same depth of commitment and desire

[Translation] 把它（创业）看做是一桩婚姻，办成一个成功的小企业同样要有强烈的愿望和全身心投入。

11) “Running a small busine isn’t for the ambivalent or indifferent”

[Translation]那些对创业怀有或不敢兴趣的人不适合创业。

12) “Are you willing to work hard and make the sacrifices starting a small busine entails?”

[Translation]你是否愿意努力工作并且为创业做出必要的牺牲？ 13) American Dreams in China Chang, Wang and Meng are friends with very different personalities that share a common dream.Meng is pedantic, pretentious and boastful of his glorious future, Wang is a bohemian who uses pop culture to seduce women and Cheng is a country bumpkin with thick skin and an unshakeable belief in himself.Meng goes to the US to make his fortune while Wang and Cheng stay in China and eventually open the New Dream English language school which is a hit.Meng returns to join them and together, they make New Dream an enormous succe and themselves very rich.Unfortunately for the three friends their school becomes involved in a scandal and they are accused by the US government of using deception in their schools international English exams.Their commitment to each other and their dreams is tested as the scandal deepens.4.Interaction

* Discu about your understandings about setting up one’s own busine.

What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Setting up Your Own Busine * Group Presentation 5.Aignments 1) Exercise on Page 251-252. 2) Translation on Page 256 3) Mono-Speech on Page 269 VII Length of Teaching:

4 periods for reading and speaking

第14篇：零基础大学英语教案7单元

Detailed arrangements Period I & II Step 1: new words

   

( 35 minutes ) Ss read the new words by themselves and T explains their usage one by one.T helps Ss with reading and memorizing the new words from appreciate to belong.Allow 6 minutes for Ss to go over the new words T checks Ss\' memory Step 2: Punctuation Marks

1.基本规则

( 30 minutes ) 1.1 标点符号是辅助文字记录语言的符号，是书面语的有机组成部分，用来表示停顿、语气、以及词语的性质和作用。

1.2 常用的标点符号有16种，分点号和标号两大类。

点号的作用在于点断，主要表示说话时的停顿和语气。点号又分为句末点号和句内点号。句末点号用在句末，有句号、问号、叹号3种，表示句末的停顿，同时表示句子的语气。句内点号用在句内，有逗号、顿号、分号、冒号4种，表示句内的各种不同性质的停顿。

标号的作用在于标明，主要标明语句的性质和作用。常用的标号有9种，即：引号、括号、破折号、省略号、着重号、连接号、间隔号、书名号和专名号。

2.用法说明

句点（Full Stop / Period，―.‖）

问号（Question Mark，―？‖）

感叹号（Exclamation Mark，―!‖）

逗点（Comma，―,‖）

冒号（Colon，―:‖）

分号（Semicolon，―;‖）

连字符（Hyphen，―-‖）

连接号（En Dash，―–‖）

破折号（Em Dash，―—‖）

括号（Parentheses，小括号―( )‖；中括号―[]‖；大括号―{}‖）

引号（Quotation Marks，双引号―\"‖；单引号―‗‖）

缩写及所有格符号（Apostrophe，―‗‖）

一、.句点

1.句点用于当一句话完全结束时。

2.句点也可以用于英文单词的缩写，如 Mrs., Dr., P.S.等。但要注意的是当缩写的字母形成了一个单词的时候就不要使用句点。如 IBM, DNA 等。

26) There is only one difference between an old man and a young one: _______ the young man has a beautiful future before him and the old one has a splendid future behind him.A.which B.that C./ D.who 27) People in the Shark’s front office earlier told members of the pre that ―it ______ not proper for Yao to attend that draft this year.‖

A.be B.is C.was D.were 28) There is no ambiguity (模糊) if we can see the setting of a switch: ________ we can say with confidence that some poible futures will not become real and others will.A.that B.which C.where D./ 29) There are more than three thousand students in our school, three fifths of _____ boys. A.them B.whom C.which D.it 30) Not far from the stop there was a bus.________ driver was repairing it.A.That B.Which C.Whose D./ 31) Everything goes as usual: ________ workers are working hard in the workshop.A.that B.which C.where D./ 32) The next morning came word: ________ the thief has been caught.A.that B.which C.where D./ 参考答案：23) A 24) D 25) A 26) C 27)B 28) D 29) A 30) A 31) D 32) D 4．破折号

1) ________ some of the juice –– perhaps you will take it.A.Trying B.Try C.To try D.Having tried 2) ________ down the radio –– the baby is sleeping in the next room.A.Turning B.Turn C.Turned D.To turn 3) Everyone was on time for the meeting –– ________ Chris, who’s usually ten minutes late for everything.A.but B.only C.even D.yet 参考答案：1) B 2) B 3) C 5．问号

4）What have you said ______ her so unhappy? A.makes B.to make C.has made D.made 5) Who do you think _______ ask to help him with his leon? A.he will B.will he C.is he going to D.does he 参考答案：4) B 5) A 6．引号

6）It is ―I‖ that _______ left out in the sentence.

A.be B.is C.am D.are 7) He said yesterday, ―I _______ go there with you.‖

A.didn’t B.don’t C.won’t D.wouldn’t

8) ―Summer Nights‖ which we read yesterday afternoon ______ really interesting. A.were B.was C.is D.are 参考答案：6) B 7) C 8) C 7．分号

9) She got there very late; ______felt very sorry.A.and B.so she C.she D.therefore 10) His brother is rude; ______ sister is polite.

共 13 页第 11 页

A.while B.whose C.his D.though his 参考答案：9) C 10) C

Period III & IV Step1:Review of the words and inversion

（10minutes）

 T delivers an oral check of the words learned  T guides Ss to check the answers to exercises

 T guides Ss to review inversion and asks them to do Exercise 6 and checks answers Step 2: Dialogue, and related exercises

            

( 30 minutes ) Ss are supposed to listen to the Dialogue twice to get a general idea T guides Ss to work through the dialogue and solve their problems at the same time Ss listen again T asks Ss to read through the dialogue with their partners and switch roles T invites some Ss to present their reading T asks Ss to do the blank filling based on their own life T invites some groups to demonstrate their dialogues Ss are supposed to do Exercise according to offered model T checks their answers Ss read the other half of the new words by themselves T helps Ss with reading and memorizing the other half of the new words Allow 6 minutes for Ss to go over the new words T checks Ss\' memory Step 3: Text learning

(40 minutes )  Ss are supposed to listen to the text twice to get a general idea  T guides Ss to work through the text, solving their problems and highlighting useful expreions at the same time  Ss listen again Step 4: Corresponding exercises

(15minutes )

 T asks Ss to do Exercise1,2,3 check their answers

Step 5: Aignmen

( 5 minutes )

 Text recitation  Pre-read \"How Are Computers Changing Our World?\" Period V & VI Step 1: Dictation

( 10 minutes )  T dictates the following words and phrases: 1.欣赏，

2.态度 3.猜想

4.收据 5.最后的 6.出席 7.现代的

8.居住者

9.除。。。以外 10.不相关的

11.污染

12.气氛

13.区别

14.特权

15.威胁  T checks Ss\' job

共 13 页第 12 页

Recitation check Step 2: Exercise

( 15 minutes )  T picks out some Ss to recite the text

( 35 minutes )  Ss are supposed to do Exercise4,5,7,8,9.T may invite five Ss to put down their translations onto the blackboard. T checks their job Step 3: Reading Practice

( 20 minutes )  T guides Ss to work through the text, solving their problems and highlighting useful expreions at the same time  Ss go over the text by themselves  Ss are supposed to do Comprehension Practice  T checks their answers Step 4: writing practice

( 15 minutes )  T guides Ss to work through the text, solving their problems and highlighting useful expreions at the same time  Ss go over the text by themselves  Ss are supposed to write a short composition

Step 5: Aignment

 Review the whole unit

( 5 minutes ) Reflections on teaching

共 13 页第 13 页

第15篇：零基础大学英语教案,10单元

Detailed Plan Period 1& 2

Step 1: Reading the poam by group

(10minutes)

1.Guide the students to read the poem 2.T asks Ss to read by group Step 2: Explaining via chinese

T will explain the poem and translate into chinese Step 3: Teaching of some grammar points

1.T will explain some grammar points

(10 minutes)

(15minutes) 常见的英语单词前后缀

1．－able 以“－able”结尾的形容词一般有两种情况：

（1）v.＋able→adj.以这种方式构成的形容词其意义为“能……的”、“可以（被）……的”、“适合于……的”、“值得……的”等，即有被动含义。例如：reliable（可以依靠的），drinkable（可以饮用的），eatable（可食用的）。

（2）n.＋able→adj.这种形容词意为“具有……特点的”，如valuable（有价值的），reasonable（有道理的），comfortable（舒适的）。

2．－ible 该词缀在意义上与“－able”相同，但主要用于拉丁语后。例如：terrible,horrible,invi sible,poible。

3．－al 该词缀大多是加在名词后形成形容词的。不过，有些“－al”后缀则仅体现了该词的形容词性，并非以这种方式构成形容词。“－al”意为“属于……的”、“有……特性的”。这类词在

中

学

英

语

中

颇

多

，

如actual,general,international,medical,mental,moral,natural,official,several,special,usual。（这类形容词大部分没有比较级和最高级）

4．－an “－an”加在国名、地名之后，表明是相应的形容词，如American,African。

5．－ian “－ian”与“－an”相同。例如：Asian,Australian,Canadian,Indian,Italian。

6．－ant “－ant”表示“……性的”。带“－ant”后缀的形容词其相应名词往往是－ance或－ancy后

缀

。

例

如

：

instant(instance),distant(distance),important(importance),brilliant(brilliancy),consta nt(constancy),pleasant。

7．－ent “－ent”与“－ant”非常相似。例如：absent(absence),different(difference),excelle nt(excellence),patient(patience),present(presence).

8．－ar “－ar”意为“……的”、“……性的”，如popular,particular,regular。

9．－ary “－ary”意为“……的”、“与……有关的”。例如：contrary,neceary,ordinary,prim ary,revolutionary。

10．－ed “－ed”加在动词之后形成形容词。实际上该形容词是由原动词的过去分词演变而来的，因此它有被动含义。这种形容词在中学英语中出现很多，有connected,discouraged,disappointed,engaged,exc ited,interested,limited,married,pleased,tired,united,used（习惯的），worried,wounded。

“－ed”也可加在动词之后形成复合形容词，如man-made,water-covered。

“－ed”还可加在名词之后形成复合形容词，如warm-hearted,warm-blooded,three-legged。

11．－en “－en”有两种情况：

（1）“－en”跟在一些物质名词之后构成形容词，表示“材料”或“质地”，如wooden,golden,earthe n。

（2）“－en”也可加在一些不规则动词之后形成形容词。这些形容词实际上是由过去分词转换而来的。例如：spoken,written,stricken,mistaken。

12．－ern “－ern”加在表示方位的名词之后，表示“……（方位）的”。这样的词有eastern,sout hern,western,northern等。

13．－ese “－ese”加在国名、地名之后构成相应形容词。例如：Chinese,Japanese. 14．－ful 这一后缀有两种情况：

（1）加在名词之后构成形容词，表示“充满……的”、“有……性质的”，如beautiful,colourful,he lpful,powerful,succeful,useful,wonderful。

（2）加在动词之后，所构成的形容词意为“易于……的”，如forgetful。

15．－ic “－ic”常常加在名词或依附于词干后，构成形容词，意为“……的”、“……似的”、“ 与……有关的”等。例如：Atlantic,electric,arctic,historic,pacific,plastic,public,scientific。

16．－ical “－ical”同“ic”一样附加在名词或词干后构成形容词，意为“……的”、“……似的 ”、“与……有关的”，如physical,political,practical,technical等。

注：（1）有些形容词的词尾可能是“－ic”和“－ical”并存，且可以互相替代，但这不是说两者就没有任何区别。一般来说，词尾“ic”与词根的关系比较密切，而词尾“ical”与词根的关系比较含糊，一般作 “与……有关的”解。请比较：an electric light（电灯），electrical engineering（电气工程）；histo ric意为“历史上有名气的”，historical则意为“关于历史的”。（2）以“ic”结尾的形容词，其相应副词则往往是pacifically,scientifically。

17．－ing 词尾“－ing”也可构成形容词，但这种形容词实际上是现在分词形容词化了，因此，此类形容词表示主动。例如：dying,exciting,inspiring,interesting,freezing,living。

另外，“－ing”词尾还可构成合成形容词，如good-looking,ordinary-l

18．－ish “－ish”意义较多，在中学英语中，其主要意义是“……民族的”、“……语的”、“… …似的”、“患……的”，如English,British,foolish,feverish。

19．－ist “－ist”表示“……主义的”、“信仰……的”。该后缀加在名词之后，如communist,im perialist,Marxist,socialist。

20．－ive “－ive”意为“……的”、“与……有关的”、“具有……性质的”等。例如：native,a ctive,paive,attentive,expensive。

21．－le “－le”加在名词、动词后，表示“无”、“缺”，如fearle,harmle,usele,he lple,carele。

22．－ly “－ly”加在名词之后构成形容词。这一词缀的意义有二：

（1）“像……的”、“有……性质的”，如friendly,lively,lovely,lonely,orderly。

（2）“以……为周期的”、“每……的”，如hourly,daily,weekly,monthly,yearly。

注：如是形容词之后加“－ly”，则构成副词。上述（2）中的形容词亦可用作副词。

23．－（i）ous 该形容词后缀意为“充满……的”、“具有……特征的”，加在名词、动词和形容词之后。例如：curious,famous,dangerous,obvious,poisonous,serious,various。

24．－some “－some”加在名词、动词之后，表示“使人……的”、“易于……的”，如handsome,t roublesome,tiresome。

25．－ward 它加在名词之后，表示方向，作“向……（方向）的”、“来自……（方向）的”解

。

例

如

：

eastward,southward,westward,northward,forward,backward,inward,outward,upward,downward。

注：这些词也可以是副词。如果词尾是“－wards”时，派生词必然是副词。

26．－y “－y”加在名词之后，表示“具有……特征的”、“多……的”。例如：funny,lucky,shab by,snowy,thirsty,windy,sunny,rainy,cloudy,dirty,dusty。

以上是中学英语中出现的主要形容词词缀。还需说明的一点是，大部分形容词是从完整的单词上加后缀派生来的，而有些则是在拉丁词或希腊词的词根上派生来的。

Step 4: Doing exercise 2，3

(10minutes) 1.Ss are supposed to do item1,2 in Exercise 2，3 T may invite five Ss to put down their answers onto the blackboard.2.T checks their job Step 5: Related exercises

(30minutes) 用正确的名词形式填空。

1.we have many _____(sport) clubs.Three _____ (apple tree ) are near my home.2.I like ______ (comedy) and _______ (thirller).3.Do you have any _______ (basketball)? 4.They are _______(Lily) pens。

5.It is ____________ (Lily and Lucy) book.6.September 11th is _________ (teacher) Day.7.June 1st is __________ (child) Day.8.We have many ________ (man) teachers in our school.9.There are a lot of ________ (boy) students in our cla.10.What kind of ________(movie) do you like? 11.I need some ______ (help).12.I keep many _______ (chicken) .I like eating much______ (chicken).13.Do you like _________ (broccoli)? 14.A lot of _______ (people) don’t like Beijing opera.

15.I like eating ______ (fruit) .But I don’t like _______ (vegetable).17Every ______ (student) has a book.18.Each ______ (student) has a book.答案

1 sports

apple trees 2 comedies thrillers 3 basketballs 4 lily\'s 5 lily and lucy\'s 6 teacher\'s 7 children\'s 8 men 9 boy 10 movies 11 help 12 chickens

chicken 13 broccoli 14 people 15 fruis

vegetable 16 student 17 student 18 students Step 6: Aignment

(5 minutes) 1.T will aign Ss to do exercise 3 and exiercise 4 Period 3 & 4

rrdd——tthh33rd—44th

ppeerriioodd::

Exercise 4 ,exercise 5 and more grammar

Step 1:Explaining the requirement of exercise3 via chinese

(2minutes) 1.T will explain the requirenment of exercise 3 Step 2:Doing exercise 3

(15minutes) 1.Ss are supposed to do Exercise 4.T may invite eight Ss to put down their answers onto the blackboard.2.T checks their job Step 3: Teaching of some grammar points

(20minutes) 1.T will explain some grammar poinst Step 4: Related exercises

(30minutes) 1.The book is not availability________ in the bookshop.Can you come tomorrow? available 2.My clamates and I often hold parties at our usually_______ place.

usual 3.The man called Tom is the strong_______ in this football team.strongest 4.Mi Smith live_______ with her parents in Paris.

lives 5.The computer games are interest______.I spend a lot of time on it every weekend.interesting

Step4: Doing exercis 6 ，7

(15minutes) 1.Ss are supposed to do Exercise 6.T may invite Ss to put down their answers onto the blackboard.2.T checks their job Step5:Related exercises

(15minutes)

用方框架中所给单词的正确形式完成下面的文章，将答案填入下边横线上，每词限用一次。

begin say

get

bad

play meet good do go

When Alan was young,he liked to play soccer.And he did very1---

in it,but then he 2--- and worked in a town,and there was no team(队)for 3---

there.So he stopped 4--- Then he 5--- to get heavy,so he thought,”I’ve stopped playing soccer ,and now I’m 6--- heavy.what am I going 7---?”He thought about it for a few days ,and then he 8--- himself,”I know I’ll play tennis.”He had a few leons ,and then he played for a few days.He 9--- a nice girl at the tennis club one day.and they played a game of tennins against(反对) another young couple(夫妇) Alan played very 10--- and was very angry with himself.”I’ve never played as cadly as thid before.”He said to the girl.“Oh,she said,”Did you play it before?”

答案

1.well

2.went

3.him

4.playing

5.began

6.getting 7.to do 8.said to 9.met

10.bad Step 6: Aignment

1.T will aign Ss to do exercise 5 and exiercise 7，8

(3 minutes) Period5& 6 tthh——tthh55th—66th

ppeerriioodd::

Exercise8 ,exercise 9 and consolidation

Step 1: Explaining the requirement of exercise5 via chinese

(2 minutes) 1.T will explain the requirenment of exercise 5 Step 2: Doing exercise8，9

(20minutes) 1.Ss are supposed to do Exercise 3.T may invite ten Ss to put down their answers onto the blackboard.2.T checks their job Step3: Practice related to the grammar focus

(50 minutes) Related exercise1 1.Do I need ________(hand) in my composition right now? 2.Need I _______ (go) shopping with you? 3.You ______(not have to) explain why you are so keen on music.4.I need _______(stay) at home to wait for the postman.5.Our teacher told us that you _________(be) going to America.6.She said that she ________ never ________(visit) Ameirca before.7.The science teacher told us that the earth __________(be) not round.8.We think our team _________(be) better and stronger.9.Don\'t be late for cla,or the teacher ________(not be) happy.10.Jim thought his mother ________(feel) on top of the world when she heard the news.答案

1.to hand 1.go 3.don\'t have to 4.to stay 5.were 6.had,visited 7.is 8.is 9.won\'t be 10.felt Related exercise2 1.--Is chemistry more difficult than physics？

--No, chemistry isn’t as____ as physics.

A.more easy

B.difficult

C.easier

2.I feel even_____ now.A.bad

B.well

C.worse

D.worst

3.She was very happy.She ran _____ of all the runners.

D.more difficult

A.fastest

B.the quickliest

C.slowest

D.quickly

4.Keep quiet, please.There’s _____ noise here.

A.many too B.too many

C.much too

D.too much

5.Beijing is becoming_________ and _________.

A.more beautiful，more

B.beautiful，beautiful

C.more，more beautiful

D.more beautiful，more beautiful 6.He is taller than_________ in his cla.

A.any boy

B.any

C.any other boy D.some other boys

7.The car is running________.It seems to be flying.

A.more and faster

B.more and fast

C.fast and fast

D.faster and faster

8.English is as _____ as Chinese.You should learn it well.

A.important

B.more important C.the most important D.much more important

1.B 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.C 6.C 7.D 8.A

Step 3: Doing exercise8，9，10

(25minutes) 1.Ss are supposed to do Exercise 10. 2.T checks their job Step 4: Aignment

1.Recall what have been leant.2.Review unite six

(3minutes) Summary to This Seion of Cla:

第16篇：大学现代礼仪心得体会

《大学现代礼仪心得体会》

---浅谈大学生礼仪培养

这学期选了大学生生活礼仪这门选修课，学到了许多礼仪知识，也更加懂得了礼仪对于我们平时学习和生活的重要性。学习礼仪知识，运用礼仪规范，对提高我们自身综合素质具有重要的实现意义。这也对我们以后毕业找工作有非常大的帮助，我们都用该学好它。

五千年以来中国是以“礼仪之邦”著称的文明古国。在现代中国，随着人与人，国与国之间交往的日益频繁，讲究礼仪，礼尚往来越来越频繁。随着社会的发展进步，文明程度的不断提高，以及与人交往的日益频繁，文明礼仪已经成为人们生活、商务等方面不可缺少的重要组成部分。一个人的举止、表情、谈吐、对人待物等方方面面，都能展示一个人的素质修养，现代礼仪体现个人素养，对现代大学生或职业人士而言，拥有丰富的礼仪知识，以及能够根据不同的场合应用不同的交际技巧，往往会令事业如鱼得水。但交际场合中事事合乎礼仪，处处表现得体着实不易。在上课过程中老师通过交往艺术与沟通技巧、交际交往中的礼仪重点、交际交往中的礼仪互动、交际交往中的礼仪理念、服务与接待礼仪、公关社交礼仪等内容，全面展示了现代交际礼仪与交往艺术的精华所在，从而为我们打造个人交际魅力提供有效的指导。因此不难看出，现代社交礼仪已经成为生活中的必备品，而且已成为当代大学生的必备知识。

纵观当今社会，生活礼仪无所不在，因此如何培养一个大学生的礼仪变成了必不可少的一课。

首先，在社交场合中，如何运用社交礼仪，怎样才能发挥礼仪应有的效应，怎样创造最佳人际关系状态，这同遵守礼仪原则密切相关。在与人交往时，真诚尊重是礼仪的首要原则，只有真诚待人才是尊重他人，只有真诚尊重，方能创造和谐愉快的人际关系，真诚和尊重是相辅相成的。真诚是对人对事的一种实事求是的态度，是待人真心实意的友善表现，真诚和尊重首先表现为对人不说谎、不虚伪、不骗人、不侮辱人，所谓“骗人一次，终身无友”；其次表现为对于他人的正确认识，相信他人、尊重他人，所谓心底无私天地宽，真诚的奉献，才有丰硕的收获，只有真诚尊重方能使双方心心相印，友谊地久天长。当然真诚尊重是重要的，然而在社交场合中，真诚和尊重也表现为许多误区，一种是在社交场合，一味地倾吐自己的所有真诚，甚至不管对象如何；一种是不管对方是否能接受，凡是自己不赞同的或不喜欢的一味的抵制排斥，甚至攻击。如果在社交场合中，陷入这样的误区也是糟糕的。故在社交中，必须注意真诚和尊重的一些具体表现，在你倾吐衷言时，有必要看一下对方是否是自己真能倾吐肺腑之言的知音，如对方压根儿不喜欢听你的真诚的心声，那你就徒劳了。另外，如对方的观点或打扮等你不喜欢、不赞同，也不必针锋相对地批评他，更不能嘲笑或攻击，你可以委婉的提出或适度的有所表示或干脆避开此问题。有人以为这是虚伪，非也，这是给人留有余地，是一种尊重他人的表现，自然也是真诚在礼貌中的体现，就像在谈判桌上，尽管对方是你的对手，也应彬彬有礼，显示自己尊重他人的大将风度，这既是礼貌的表现，同时也是心理上战胜对方的表现。要表现你的真诚和尊重，在社交场合，切记三点：给他人充分表现的机会，对他人表现出你最大的热情，给对方永远留有余地。

其次，要掌握平等适度的原则。在社交场上，礼仪行为总是表现为双方的，你给对方施礼，自然对方也会相应的还礼于你，这种礼仪施行必须讲究平等的原则，平等是人与人交往时建立情感的基础，是保持良好的人际关系的诀窍。平等在交往中，表现为不要骄狂，不要我行我素，不要自以为是，不要厚此薄彼，更不要傲视一切，目空无人，更不能以貌取人，或以职业、地位、权势压人，而是应该处处时时平等谦虚待人，唯有此，才能结交更多的朋友。适度原则即交往应把握礼仪分寸，根据具体情况、具体情境而行使相应的礼仪，如在与人交往时，既要彬彬有礼，又不能低三下四；既要热情大方，又不能轻浮谄谀；要自尊却不能自负；要坦诚但不能粗鲁；要信人但不能轻信；要活泼但不能轻浮；要谦虚但不能拘谨；要老练持重，但又不能圆滑世故。

同时，自信是社交场合中一份很可贵的心理素质。一个有充分自信心的人，才能在交往中不卑不亢、落落大方，遇到强者不自惭，遇到艰难不气馁，遇到侮辱敢于挺身反击，遇到弱者会伸出援助之手；一个缺乏自信的人，就会处处碰壁，甚至落花流水。自信但不能自负，自以为了不起、一贯自信的人，往往就会走向自负的极端，凡事自以为是，不尊重他人，甚至强人所难。那么如何剔除人际交往中自负的劣根性呢？自律原则正是正确处理好自信与自负的又一原则。自律乃自我约束的原则。在社会交往过程中，在心中树立起一种内心的道德信念和行为修养准则，以此来约束自己的行为，严以律己，实现自我教育，自我管理，摆正自信的天平，既不必前怕虎后怕狼的缺少信心，又不能凡事自以为是而自负高傲。

再次，就是诚实守信。孔子曾有言：“民无信不立，与朋友交，言而有信。”强调的正是守信用的原则。守信是我们中华民族的美德，在社交场合，尤其讲究一是要守时，与人约定时间的约会，会见、会谈、会议等，决不应拖延迟到。二是要守约，即与人签定的协议、约定和口头答应他人的事一定要说到做到，所谓言必信，行必果。故在社交场合，如没有十分的把握就不要轻易许诺他人，许诺做不到，反落了个不守信的恶名，从此会永远失信于人。

最后，我们也需要有一颗能够宽容别人的心。宽容是人类一种伟大思想，在人际交往中，宽容的思想是创造和谐人际关系的法宝。宽容他人、理解他人、体谅他人，千万不要求全责备、斤斤计较，甚至咄咄逼人。总而言之，站在对方的立场去考虑一切，是你争取朋友的最好方法。

作为当代大学生不光要掌握比较专业的知识，更应该礼仪修养方面提高自己，培养大学生良好形象、优雅气质。一个知书不达礼，知识水准和道德水准不协调的学生，不可能成为一个优秀的人才。因此，我们应从小事做起，从自己言谈举止的每一个细节入手，于细微处见精神，自觉履行我们应当遵守的文明礼仪。

第17篇：现代大学英语精读

对《大学英语精读》教材进行评价

《现代大学英语精读》是我们大家熟悉的一本教材。精读课，也就是我们上的基础英语课，是高校英语专业基础阶段的一门核心课程，是帮助学生掌握听、说、读、写、译等基本语言技能的基础课。精读教材主要是培养学生的语用能力，使学生能够从书中有所感悟，把所学到的语言知识与生活实际结合起来，使学习过程生活化。该教材还能培养学生的英语思维能力和创新能力，而不是使学生拘泥于书本知识，主要的教学任务不是积累知识，而是开发学生的思维，该教材秉着以学生为中心的教学思想，教材的选材非常广泛,符合学生兴趣，是一本符合当代大学生的优秀教材。

一本好的教材有以下几点特征；(1)、教学内容和语言能够反映快速变化的时代(2)、要处理好专业知识，语言训练和相关学科之间的关系(3)、教材不仅着眼于知识的传授而要有助于学生的鉴赏批评能力、思维能力和创新能力的培养(4)、教学内容要有较强的实用性和针对性。而《现代大学英语精读》教材充分表现出一本好的教材的特点，在英语教学中起着积极的作用，主要表现在以下几个方面。

1、教材具有权威性。教材的权威性主要在于它努力体现新大纲的要求，任何教材的编写都要相对应的教学大纲作指导，而衡量教材的好坏的一个重要标准就是看他是否符合大纲的具体要求。大学英语精读教材是根据国家或地方教育部门颁发的教学大纲或课程标准编写的，能够较好的体现教学大纲或课程标准规定的教学目的、教学目标、教学内容以及教学方法，所以大学英语精读教材完全符合大纲中有关教材的规定，有利于教学大纲和课程标准的有效实施。教材的权威性还取决于编写人员的能力和素质。现代《现代大学英语精读》教材是北京外国语大学多名教授共同研究而成，这些教授具有丰富的教学经验和深厚的语言功底，而且教材有国内著名的外语出版社出版，还是普通高等教育“十五”国家级规划教材。所以，现代大学英语精读教材在一定程度上能够保证教学内容、教学过程和教学方法的科学性和合理性，从而保证教学质量和教学效果。

2、教材具有系统性。从整体上看，教材体系完整，内容丰富，有利于学生系统的学习语音、词汇、语法等语言知识；材内容从易到难，是一个逐步推进的过程。第一年的教材主要任务是巩固高中所学的内容，这主要是考虑到大学新生需要时间来克服高中阶段应试教学的影响，要尽快帮助他们熟悉大学学习方法，养成良好的学习习惯，纠正他们的语音语调，鼓励他们克服汉语方言对应于发音的负面影响，同时，要让学生意识到学习英语的目的关键是运用，而不是为了做题。第二年的教材，主要是知识积累，要运用各种方法扩大词汇量，提高对语法的掌握和运用能力，还要加强写作和翻译的训练，因为这两种技能需要从实践中得到提高，而不是拘泥于书本知识，第三年的教材主要是培养学生的阅读水平，学生能够独立完成一个章节的阅读，教材增加了阅读的难度，这样有助于提高学生的阅读水平，第四年的精读教材主要是使学生的听、说、读、写、译这五种能力得到全面的培养，是学生对这几种基本技能同时得到训练。

3、教材选文具有多样性。《现代大学英语精读》教材克服了传统教学理念的缺陷，教材编写体现了以应用为本，听、说、读、写、译等多位一体的教材设计理念，把提高学生综合运用能力放在首位。该系类教材的指导思想就是在课堂上创造一个真实的语言教学环境，使学生得各种语言技能得到充分的训练。教材中覆盖的词汇量超过大学英语四六级的水平，在教材的使用中学生强化了对单词的复现率，该教材词汇丰富，词汇重复出现有助于强化记忆。阅读理解的任务活动可以帮助学生检测和深化对课文的理解，掌握各种阅读技巧。在每一章节的联系中还涉及了汉译英和英译汉的翻译练习，这样有助于训练学生的翻译能力。而且，教材中选取的文章题材多样，风格各异，内容丰富，涉及了政治、经济、文化语言、科技、体育、风俗人情等各方面。所以，该教材有利于学生更好地了解世界文化，培养跨文化意识和跨文化交际的能力。

总体来说，《现代大学英语精读》教材合理的教学布局，能够使学生的综合能力得到全面的培养,听、说、读、写、译等各项语言技能在教材中得到了综合呈现,该教材注重语言技能的培养、注重学生独立学习能力的提高。但教材中也有一些不足之处，比如关于综合技能的整体训练,以及学习技能和学习策略的建议有些不足。但整体上该教材是目前最适合大学生学习的一本优秀教材。

第18篇：建立现代大学制度.

建立现代大学制度

办中国特色大学

—学习《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要》的心得体会

在4月15日上午由温家宝总理主持召开了国家科技教育领导小组会议，审议并原则通过了《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要》（以下简称）。作为一名高校教育工作者，在部门组织的讨论学习中，我感触颇深，体会如下：

为我们指明了教育的未来发展目标，这其中也包括高等教育。我认为应该从全局上来看待高等教育2020年事业发展的目标，也就是说面对全面建设小康社会的关键时期需求，特别是应对经济全球化深入发展，科学技术进步日新月异、人才竞争日趋激烈的挑战，《纲要》提出，从现在起到2020年，高等教育总规模将从2900多万增加到3550万，高等教育毛入学率从24.2%提高到40%，20-50岁主要劳动年龄人口的受高等教育的比例会从现在不到10%提高到20%。应该说，这些目标体现了高等教育规模发展达到一个高位平台后稳步增长的趋势。

高校要发展，必须要改革，《纲要》中明确提出要建立现代大学制度，作为一名高校的行政人员，这和我们的工作生活紧密相连，我想现代大学制度的建立有三个层面的问题：

一是大学和政府的关系，因为现代大学制度是建立在依法确定政府和大学关系这个前提之下，所以纲要提出，实行政校分开、管办分离这样一个原则，这个原则是处理大学和政府关系

1 的一个基本原则，也是在这个原则下来确保大学办学自主权。这个原则的含义就是，政府和大学是两种不同性质的机构，大学不是行政机构，所以大学不是政府的附属机构，它具有办学的自主性。管和办分开的话也是这个意思，政府是负责宏观管理，办学的权利是属于大学，所以我想这是确立现代大学制度的一个层面的问题，首先要处理好这个关系。

二是大学内部治理结构。大学内部治理结构在纲要中提到有这样几个方面的含义，首先是要制定大学章程，大学内部治理也要按照章程来实行治理，从这个意思来讲也可以说是依法治校，这也就意味着今后我们的大学都要制定章程，来确定内部治理结构。在内部治理中间一个问题就是，我们的大学的领导体制是实行和完善党委领导下的校长负责制，同时又强调了教授治学，营造学术自由的氛围。大学治理中有一个行政权利和学术权利的关系，那就要在学术领域要充分尊重教授在治学中的重要作用，同时还要完善教职工代表大会和学生代表大会制度，实行民主管理。所以，内部治理结构在纲要中做了这样一种原则的规定。

三是大学和社会的关系。因为大学自主办学是需要有社会参与和社会监督的，因此要建立社会参与、社会合作的制度，这里提出了可以探索建立董事会或者理事会的制度，这种制度是一种社会参与的形式，同时还强调了行业、企业和学校的合作办学，也提出了大学要向社会公开信息，要实行年报制度，让社会对大学有知情权，也可以说，现代大学制度最终是要建立一种大学自我发展又自我约束的制度。

2 《纲要》很明确地告诉我们，要改变现状，改革体制机制，把办学的自主权交给学校，让大学独立去办学。这符合国际办学的潮流，符合教育发展的规律。

教育发展有自身的规律，必须要按照教育规律办学，这样才能办出特色，办出水平。建立现代大学制度就是未来高等教育发展的方向。《纲要》很多条文都指出让教育回归教育的本质。就拿大学来说，每所大学必须独立自主去办学，按照教育发展的规律去办学，而不是按照政府的指令去办学，才能办出特色来，才能避免“千校一面”、“高度雷同”的现象。

可以说，《纲要》给大学松了绑，给大学带来了发展的活力。每所大学都有自己的传统、特色、理念、文化、精神和风格，只有把自己的特色办出来，才能提高人才培养的质量。

党群工作办公室

葛晶

二○一○年四月二十六日

第19篇：大学现代企业管理论文

浅析中国邮政速递服务公司的市场定位

【摘要】中国邮政速递服务公司（EMS）为中国邮政集团公司直属全资公司，主要经营国际、国内EMS特快专递业务，是中国速递服务的最早供应商，也是目前中国速递行业的最大运营商和领导者。公司拥有员工20,000多人，EMS业务通达全球200多个国家和地区以及国内近2,000个城市。EMS特快专递业务自1980年开办以来，业务量逐年增长，业务种类不断丰富，服务质量不断提高。除提供国内、国际特快专递服务外，EMS相继推出国内次晨达和次日递、国际承诺服务和限时递等高端服务，同时提供代收货款、收件人付费、鲜花礼仪速递等增值服务。EMS拥有首屈一指的航空和陆路运输网络。依托中国邮政航空公司，建立了以上海为集散中心的全夜航航空集散网，现有专用速递揽收、投递车辆20,000余部。覆盖最广的网络体系为EMS实现国内300多个城市间次晨达、次日递提供了有力的支撑。

【关键词】邮政/速递/定位

中国邮政速递服务公司是一家专门从事国际、国内邮政特快专递业务的企业，并先后于1980年7月和1984年11月开办了国际、国内邮政特快专递业务。特快专递作为一种新型业务，因其经济效益显著，从而引起了国内外诸多公司的关注。不仅国内的外贸、海关、民航、运输等单位先后开办此类业务，甚至某些外国私营公司也不失时机地参与到这一激烈的市场竞争中来。为了在这种激烈竞争的环境中胜出，中国邮政速递公司该如何进行市场定位?

1.问题提出的背景

近几年来，尽管邮政EMS的业务量、业务收入仍处于不断增长中，但市场占有率却是连年下滑。究其原因，在于强大的竞争对于和中国速递市场的良好发展前景。据速递业务专家介绍，当前中国速递市场规模已超过百亿元，且以每年30％的速度递增。更有专家预测，3年以后速递业务将以每年几倍甚至十几倍的速度增长。在这样的市场环境下，邮政EMS不能只是满足于自身业务量、业务收入的增长，而是要解决如何面对竞争的问题，将保持和提高市场占有率作为业务发展的目标。

在发展传统邮政业务的过程中，邮政主管部门要体现普遍服务的精神，即面对所有地域的所有用户以用户能够支付得起的资费提供具有一定服务质量的邮政服务。而邮政EMS业务毕竟不同于以往的传统邮政业务，它属于按照商业化原则运作的竞争类业务。在这类业务的领域中，其客户是特定的，价格也是特定的，一般不涉及公民权力与普遍服务问题，需要注入更多的市场元素，进行市场分析，结合市场细分，确定目标市场，明确市场定位，用以指导业务发展过程中灵活多变的营销策略，以便更好地适应竞争的需要。

2.竞争优势分析

20多年来，中国EMS已经建立起网络方面的强大优势。通过不懈努力，已与世界上200多个国家和地区建立了业务联系，在国内两千个城市开办了业务。目前已拥有专职邮政速递员工14000佘人，专用揽收、投递、运输机动车辆一万余部；全国201个城市配有最先进的电脑设备，计算机跟踪查询网络基本建成，所有这些，构成了中国EMS的强大优势。

因此，近些年来，特快专递业务服务于改革开放，提出了“时限、质量和服务是EMS永恒的追求”的口号，致力于满足客户多层次、多方位的需要，在服务深度、服务方式、服

务质量和服务水平上不断拓展、改善、提高，严格组织生产作业，加快邮件传递速度，加大综合生产能力投入，实行门到门、桌到桌服务，全面提高服务质量，便利广大用户。

3.针对不同客户群的目标市场营销 (1)定位集团大客户，挖掘潜在客户

近年来，邮政特快专递部门在发展过程中，通过对市场进行调查和分析，在继续稳固发展国际、国内特快专递业务的基础上，将业务的重点放在了发展集团用户的物品类业务、单证类业务上。对于集团大客户，突出重点地区和大城市，大力发展同城、区域性业务，提高物品类业务比重。经过不懈的努力并凭借中国邮政的信誉优势和EMS的品牌优势，邮政速递部门已将行业性行政管理机构纳入到EMS大客户范畴，如目前开办的并且比较成熟的单证类邮件，种类包括身份证、护照、港澳台通行证、录取通知书以及相关资料、驾驶执照、法院传票和法律文书等，都已成为同城业务的切入点，并显现出强劲的增长势头。随着电子商务、邮购等业务的发展，商贸企业、金融机构也被纳入到EMS尢客户行列中来，旨在为这些新兴行业和部门提供个性化、多样化的服务。

(2)对三类不同的普通客户市场实施不同的市场定位

除了对集团大客户的深挖，邮政特快专递部门还加大了对普通客户市场的挖掘力度，提出了业务结构分层次发展的思路，根据客户对快递业务在资费和时限上的不同要求，在继续稳固发展国际、国内普通特快专递业务之外，成功开发出“经济类快递”和“精品类快递”，旨在更好地为客户服务，以满足不同客户市场的需求。

·普通特快专递业务

普通特快专递业务包括国际、国内两大块，国内特快专递业务又分为国内异地特快专递业务和同城特快专递业务。资费标准采用按重量计费的方式，例如国内特快专递的起重资费为500克及以内20元起，之后的续重资费为按500克为单位累进。在速递时限上，EMS承诺从函件收寄之日起至到达出，互换局止国内运递时限不超过72小时。

· 国际经济快递业务

为满足物品类快件市场的需求，2001年1月1日中国邮政与荷兰TPG集团联手，在北京、上海、天津等20个大中城市出，互换局开办了价廉质高的国际经济快递服务(EconomyExpre)，可通达二十几个国家。该业务类似于快货服务，可办理一票多件业务，并可提供“门到门”服务，对象为交寄大宗快件的商业用户。由于部分采用陆路运输，此类快件的资资大幅度降低，而时限仅比普通快递邮件慢48～72小时。

·EMS限时专递——次晨达业务

中国邮政于2004年1月8日、5月18日和6月18日分别推出了长江三角洲、珠江三角洲、环渤海区域内部的共计47个城市的EMS限时专递——次晨达业务，实现当日收寄的EMS邮件，保证在次日上午10点前(珠江三角地区11点前)投交给收件人，如未按时到达，所付邮费全部退还。2004年10月9日，又一举推出包括北京、天津、上海等13个城市间的次晨达业务，使该项业务开始走出区域。随着业务运作的不断成熟，还将不断扩大开办范围和通达区域，形成国内速递业务的精品业务，提升速递业务品质，增强竞争能力。 (3)抓住空白市场大力创新，积极开发新业务

在巩固现有市场的同时，中国邮政速递公司抓紧当前有利时机，在竞争对手尚未涉足的地方开拓和占领市场，推出特色业务来推进目标市场营销。特色业务主要有：

·国内特快专递代收货款业务；

·特快专递收件人付费业务；

·超常规特快专递邮件业务；

·邮政礼仪专递业务；

·邮政EMS手机短信息查询服务。

中国邮政速递公司主要围绕客户需求进行市场细分工作。在梳理业务结构层次过程中，首先区分出集团大客户和普通客户的不同需求，然后对普通客户市场侧重从时限速度和资费上入手，又细分出三类业务、三个市场，满足不同客户的选择。在选择目标市场时，更加注重差异化策略，旨在为公司塑造强有力的、与众不同的鲜明个性，以求得客户的认同，树立自己的品牌形象。

中国邮政速递公司在市场定位方面做了许多工作。如针对目前单证类业务数量比较大的情况，邮政速递部门己将行业性行政管理机构纳入到EMS大客户范畴，主要用于专递纳税单据、身份证、高考录取通知书等邮件；随着电子商务、邮购等业务的发展，商贸企业、金融机构也被纳入到EMS大客户行列，旨在为这些新兴行业和部门提供个性化、多样化的服务。但这些还不够细致，目前需要做的是，认真研究客户的需求，在适当的条件下，给予一定的政策倾斜，如资费上的、服务上的等等，真正为客户着想，使中国EMS深入人心。参考文献

[1]刘珂，周广亮《现代企业管理》经济科学出版社、中国铁道出版社2009.12

第20篇：江南大学现代远程教育

江南大学现代远程教育

提前考试大作业

学习中心：崇安职校

课程名称：远程教育导论

题目：

一、述教育技术在现代远程教育中的应用

二、学生就所在地区的网络教育开展情况、学生选择网络教育以及江南大学网络教育的实际，畅谈自己的体会与想法。

专业：人力资源管理

批次、层次：专升本

学生姓名：

学号身份证号码：

提交时间：年月号论述教育技术在现代远程教育中的应用

随着科学技术的不断发展，教育技术的发展突飞猛进。现代化教育技术与教育相结合大大促进了教育教学的现代化发展使传统的教育方式发生了巨大的变革，由传统的模式转变为通

过现代化科技将教室传播到校外的模式。已经成为大多数院校的主要发展的教育途径，也是教育现代化的必经之路。那么，如何可以利用集文字、声音、图像、动画、影像于一身的现代教育技术来优化原本枯燥的课堂教学，如何利用它那色彩鲜艳的动态视频、生动逼真的音响效果、灵活便捷的交互手段充分调动学生多种感官参与学习活动促进学生自主有效地学习。

一、创造更佳的教学环境

利用电脑及各种现代化设备把原本枯燥的课堂变得生动形象化抽象的文字变为真实的图像创设出最佳的教学环境，可以直观的触发我们的联想与想象吸引大家的注意力从而达到对课程深层的理解与感悟。同时老师讲电脑代替了传统的黑板教学，使同学们在干净不受粉笔灰污染的环境中专心上课用鼠标轻轻一点就可以上课了。对教师的身心健康有了很好的保障，也能提高学生的学习兴趣。且通过PPT程序将教学重点提前一一列明，不易遗漏教学重点，同学也不会因为看不明白老师在黑板上写的内容而苦恼，使老师和同学都能轻松上好每一堂课。

二、知识要点清晰易掌握

通过现代化的电脑软件制作教案，就能让学生在最短的时间内掌握更多的知识。对于课堂教学中重点环节的处理可谓形式各异，其中运用现代教育技术辅助教学，能更好地发挥它独特的直观、直截、直露的优点，往往能立竿见影地为课堂教学排疑解难尤其是它能动静结合，将抽象的语言文字变成可感可视之物，所以老师在讲解一些难以理解的知识要点时，可以通过图例或案例进行详细的分析，并举一反三，使同学们更深刻、更透彻的了解知识点，其示范性往往能使同学在学习中茅塞顿开。

三、提供上课教学效率

现代化的教育设备同时为老师也提供了更便捷的教学工具省去了上课时用粉笔在黑板上书写教学要点的时间，可以充分利用课堂的时间教授更多的知识，大大提高了教学的效率。对于同学来说可以更清晰、更多的了解学习要点。

四、丰富教育资源

运用现代教育技术可以重新整合课堂教学资源和课外学习资源，打破课堂与课外的界限，传统文选型的结构体系始终无多大变化，而现代教育技术的应用，为改革课程结构，丰富教学资源提供了契机老师可以对原有的教材资源加以补充、丰富发挥其特长尽可能的优化学习要点。

五、与其他教学方式的区别

传统的教育方式与教育现代化的差别很明显，老师们之前都做了很好的备课，教师教得也很辛苦，可是短短40多分钟，不仅仅讲不了多少内容，而且一味的在黑板上进行教学，很是枯燥但是简单的计算机技术的加入，就使课堂的教育有了不一样的效果，最简单的例子，学科教学与幻灯片的结合，不仅仅是教育方式变得新颖，而且完成了原来至少要2节课完成的学习任务，大大提高了教学效率。其实计算机本身就具有强大的教学功能。

我目前就读于江南大学的网络学院，继续我的学习生涯可以说计算机技术与教育的相结合创造出的远程教育方式，对于像我这样利用工作业余时间学习的人来说无疑是一次接受继续教育的好途径，曾经只是想象一下，并不指望能够实现，不过时代的发展总是出乎我们的意料没想到现在可以通过远程教育学习了。远程教育以建立校园计算机网络为寄出，利用综合教育资源通过计算机网络辅助学习、突破了传统的教学模式和教学技术，建立全新的面向信息时代的新教育方式在减轻老师负担的同时也增加了课堂容量。通过几个月的学习和使用我已经慢慢接龄群体的学生必须在熟悉电脑基本功能的基础上进行学习。同时这种学习方式不仅老师可以发挥自己的主导作用以各种形式、多种手段帮助我们学习进一步调动了我们的学习积极性。而且对于学生来说学习的时间比较自由只要将课件下载下来就可以随时进行学习。不受地点和时间的限制。几个月的学习，

六、教育技术在远程教育课程开发中的应用

教育技术在远程教育开发中的应用是指教育学院及其学院教师与其他教学辅导和技术人员用来设计、开发和发送远程教育课程的各类教育技术。这里主要强调的是各学科教学人员的技术培训，教育技术的掌握应用，要求广大教员在学科的教学中熟练掌握远程教育和信息技术手段并把远程教育和信息技术教育广泛应用在学科的教育技术实践中。努力培养学生的创新精神和实践能力，促进远程教育技术方式的根本性变革。教育技术专业人员、教学设计专业人员使用技能运用专业的理论方法和知识技能完成远程教育课程的设计、开发和发送任务。积极创造条件，逐步实现多媒体教学的普及，积极探索远程教育技术和远程教育课程的整合。远程教育技术以工具的形式与课程融合，以促进学生的学习。将远程教育技术融入课程教学系统各要素中，使之成为教师的教学工具、学生的认知工具、重要的教材形态，主要的教学媒体。将远程教育技术融入课程教学的各个领域：如班级授课、小组学习、自主学习，成为既是学习的对象，又是学习的手段。目前我们的教育学院，教师，教学辅导，教学技术人员结合当前教育模式要考虑的主要有两个方面：一是如何充分利用学校为实现远程教育作出巨大投入而建设的硬件设施；另一方面是如何尽可能多地将远程教育提供的优势资源引入教师的日常课堂教学。

三、教育技术

七、教育技术在远程教育学习服务支持中的应用这是指教育院校及其教师与其他教学辅导和咨询人员用来同远程学习者进行双向通信交流、为学生提供各类学习支持服务的教育技术。它的实质是构建适合现代远程教育教学所需的最优的信息化和网络化的新型教学模式。这种新型的教学模式以学生利用教学资源自主学习为主，教师辅导助学和同学协作学习为辅。学生可以根据自己的实际情况，充分利用各种双向通信技术自主安排学习时间和地点，自主选择学习内容和学习进度，开创一种教师指导下的自主学习和师生讨论、小组协作学习的新局面，实现由应试教育向素质教育的转变，达到培养创新人才的目标。

八、教育技术在远程教育管理中的应用

远程教育管理主要是指远程教育院校在教学管理、学生管理及其他各方面的管理。就教学管理而言，远程教育是一种大规模的工业化形态的教育方式，是指针对学生的学习，系统提供以课程为中心的管理模式，包括课程设置、资源分配，再到每门课程多种多媒体学习材料的设计、开发和发送；学生管理包括对学生学籍的注册和管理审批招生和档案管理、学习账号管理、学分制管理、班级管理、学习过程监督和评估管理等；除此，还包括教师管理、网站的自动化管理、系统安全与监控管理等等，所有这些都有大量的组织和管理任务，只有借助包括计算机技术、软件技术和现代网络通信技术在内的综合现代教育技术，才能实现老师与学生、学生与学生之间的多向互动和及时反馈，从而达到高效的综合管理目标。由此可见，教育技术和远程教育是两个不同的学科、领域，但因为它们都是运用技术手段来提高教育、教学效益，所以两者又是相互促进、协同发展的。教育技术对远程教育起着非常积极的支持作用；远程教育，尤其是现代远程教育要得到进一步的发展，就必须适应教育技术的发展要求去进行教学改革；现代教育技术为现代远程教育奠定了技术基础，使之实现现代远程教育的信息化和网络化；现代远程教育离不开现代教育技术手段的支撑，它们的协作发展，实现了以“教”为主向以“学”为主的转变，体现了以人为本的教学新思想，实现了基础教育的高质量化、高等教育的大众化和继续教育的全民族化，达到培养人才的目标。

信息时代的教育面临着社会对人才的需求和教育所能提供的学习机会之间的矛盾。要解决这一问题就需要研究信息社会所需要的人才的标准和分析社会对教育提出的要求然后找出社会所需与教育现有实际能力的差距运用教育技术提供的方法系统地规划教育发展的方向。可见教育技术在教育现代化中起着关键的作用。教育技术对培养未来社会所需人才的分析研究是从现代教育理论出发利用最先进的科技成果与系统科学方法也是在现代先进的教育价值观念、现代教育思想指导下对整个教育系统各个环节进行相应的调整从而为教育技术的应用提供良好的运行环境和管理机制实现真正意义上的教育现代化。教育技术是实现教育现代化的重要内容和主要手段它在教育上的应用主要是为了服务于教育教学改革、提高教育质量。教育技术为教育教学服务的关键是自身的优化。因为教育技术为教育教学所提供的设备、技术、多媒体教材、人员培训、理论与教学方法及管理服务要科学、规范和符合教育现代化的要求。这就说明教育技术所要解决的问题波及教育的各个层次包括教育的规划、学习过程的设计、课程的开发、学习资源的利用、管理和教学评价等。可见教育技术是连接教学理论与教学实践的重要桥梁。

学生就所在地区的网络教育开展情况、学生选择网络教育以及江南大学网络教育的实际，畅谈自己的体会与想法

10年我大专毕业从江北小城泰州来到无锡新区工作，新区的工业很发达，但是竞争更加的残酷激烈，有学历没资历不行，有资历没学历更不行，这样的状况往往会使我们错失太多的大好机会。特别是工作两年多后对此事有太多感触，活到老学到老，我们只有不停地学习进步才不会被社会所淘汰，才能始终立于不败之地，才能去超越自我实现自己的人生目标。

因为平时工作繁忙闲暇的时光甚少，很难再像大学时那样天天去课堂上课，看到同事们很多报读网络教育，我便去无锡网络教育名声最好的江南大学网络教育学院咨询了一下，让我很惊喜，它不仅解决了时间与空间上矛盾，还具有较大的灵活性。我们可以在休息的时候去上课，也可以足不出户在家里就可以完成学习任务，真正做到学习工作两不误，而且我们可以更好的把学习实践相结合。在众多开展网络教育的院校中我之所以选择江南大学网络教育，是因为他是全国最早开展网络教育的院校之一，以江南大学为依托，拥有雄厚的师资力量和良好的办学条件，在本地区知名度最高，实力最强。

网络教育的好处在于它不仅可以把老师从繁重的工作中解放出来，让我们有时间、有精力真正用心去从事教育教学工作，不断提高自身水平。通过学校的系统培训后，在我的学习和运用过程中，让我的教育教学理念发生了根本性的改变，视野逐渐开阔，技能大大提高，教育教学方法不断更新。同时使得信息技术的使用已成为实现现代化、信息化必不可少的手段，也成为我们教育工作者提高课堂教学质量、应用多媒体教学的最佳途径。信息技术的使用符合了中学教学过程有效利用远程教育资源，实现信息化教学、媒体化教学、提高课堂教学质量的迫切要求。使教学方式方法更精益求精，丰富多彩，声色具备。

江南大学网络教育通过利用无锡企业密集的优势，通过加强与企业间的合作达到互利共赢，企业为江南大学网络教育提供生源，给本企业员工提供相应的费用补贴和相关奖励政策，提高企业员工的学习积极性。同样江南大学网络教育通过对企业员工的系统教育，不断的为企业培养出更有知识更高层次的人才，促使企业不断的向前发展，获取更高的效益。企业员工通过在江南大学网络教育学院的学习深造，为自己以后的发展奠定了坚实的基础，使得自身更具竞争力和前进空间。

所以我认为网络教育是顺应时代发展的产物，在信息技术发达，生活节奏不断加快的今天，我们只有充分利用好手中的网络教育资源来时时刻刻的充实自己，才能是自己始终站在职场竞争的制高点。选择江南大学网络教育就只选择通向成功之门。

《现代大学英语教案模板.doc》